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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Renaissance_and_Early_Modern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renaissance_and_Early_Modern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Renaissance and Early Modern </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renaissance_and_Early_Modern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enlightenment_period_and_onwards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enlightenment_period_and_onwards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Enlightenment period and onwards </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enlightenment_period_and_onwards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Principles_and_practice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Principles_and_practice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Principles and practice </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Principles_and_practice-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Principles and practice subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Principles_and_practice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Western" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Western </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hindu_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hindu_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Hindu </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hindu_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chinese_and_East_Asian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chinese_and_East_Asian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Chinese and East Asian </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chinese_and_East_Asian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theological_viewpoints" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theological_viewpoints"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Theological viewpoints </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Theological_viewpoints-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Theological viewpoints subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Theological_viewpoints-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancient" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Ancient </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Medieval </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Modern </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scientific_analysis_and_criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scientific_analysis_and_criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Scientific analysis and criticism </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Scientific_analysis_and_criticism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Scientific analysis and criticism subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Scientific_analysis_and_criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demarcation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demarcation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Demarcation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demarcation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effectiveness" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effectiveness"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Effectiveness </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effectiveness-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lack_of_mechanisms_and_consistency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lack_of_mechanisms_and_consistency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Lack of mechanisms and consistency </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lack_of_mechanisms_and_consistency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception_in_the_social_sciences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception_in_the_social_sciences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Reception in the social sciences </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception_in_the_social_sciences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Cultural impact </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultural_impact-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Cultural impact subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Cultural_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Western_politics_and_society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_politics_and_society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Western politics and society </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_politics_and_society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India_and_Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India_and_Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 India and Japan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India_and_Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature_and_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature_and_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Literature and music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature_and_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Works cited </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Astrology</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 130 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-130" aria-hidden="true" > 130 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologie" title="Astrologie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Astrologie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologie" title="Astrologie – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Astrologie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85" title="تنجيم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تنجيم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astroloch%C3%ADa" title="Astrolochía – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Astrolochía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrolox%C3%ADa" title="Astroloxía – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Astroloxía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7" title="सिद्धांत ज्योतिष – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="सिद्धांत ज्योतिष" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologiya" title="Astrologiya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Astrologiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C" title="آسترولوژی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آسترولوژی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="জ্যোতিষশাস্ত্র – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জ্যোতিষশাস্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiam-seng-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Chiam-seng-ha̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chiam-seng-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Астралогія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Астралогія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Астралёгія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Астралёгія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7" title="फलित ज्योतिष – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="फलित ज्योतिष" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrolohiya" title="Astrolohiya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Astrolohiya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрология – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Астрология" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologija" title="Astrologija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Astrologija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steredouriezh" title="Steredouriezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Steredouriezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologia" title="Astrologia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Astrologia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologie" title="Astrologie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Astrologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruambanyeredzi" title="Ruambanyeredzi – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Ruambanyeredzi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AAr-ddewiniaeth" title="Sêr-ddewiniaeth – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sêr-ddewiniaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologi" title="Astrologi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Astrologi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologie" title="Astrologie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Astrologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astroloogia" title="Astroloogia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Astroloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Αστρολογία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αστρολογία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrolog%C3%ADa" title="Astrología – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Astrología" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologio" title="Astrologio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Astrologio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologia" title="Astrologia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Astrologia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="اختربینی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اختربینی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stj%C3%B8rnusp%C3%A1" title="Stjørnuspá – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Stjørnuspá" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologie" title="Astrologie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Astrologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Astrology" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrala%C3%ADocht" title="Astralaíocht – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Astralaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speuradaireachd" title="Speuradaireachd – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Speuradaireachd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrolox%C3%ADa" title="Astroloxía – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Astroloxía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="СедкъаӀилма – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="СедкъаӀилма" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E6%98%9F%E8%A1%93" title="占星術 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="占星術" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE" title="જ્યોતિષવિદ્યા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જ્યોતિષવિદ્યા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%90%EC%84%B1%EC%88%A0" title="점성술 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="점성술" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Աստղագուշակություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աստղագուշակություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7" title="फलित ज्योतिष – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फलित ज्योतिष" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologija" title="Astrologija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Astrologija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologio" title="Astrologio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Astrologio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Astrology" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologi" title="Astrologi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Astrologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologia" title="Astrologia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Astrologia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologie" title="Astrologie – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Astrologie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stj%C3%B6rnuspeki" title="Stjörnuspeki – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stjörnuspeki" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologia" title="Astrologia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Astrologia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="אסטרולוגיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אסטרולוגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologi" title="Astrologi – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Astrologi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B7_%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಜ್ಯೋತಿಷ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜ್ಯೋತಿಷ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ასტროლოგია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ასტროლოგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрология – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Астрология" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unajimu" title="Unajimu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Unajimu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astwoloji" title="Astwoloji – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Astwoloji" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astroloj%C3%AE" title="Astrolojî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Astrolojî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрология – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Астрология" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ໂຫລາສາດ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໂຫລາສາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologia" title="Astrologia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Astrologia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrolo%C4%A3ija" title="Astroloģija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Astroloģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologija" title="Astrologija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Astrologija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologie" title="Astrologie – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Astrologie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrolojia" title="Astrolojia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Astrolojia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strologia" title="Strologia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Strologia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asztrol%C3%B3gia" title="Asztrológia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Asztrológia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Астрологија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Астрологија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanandroana" title="Fanandroana – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fanandroana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%82" title="ജ്യോതിഷം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജ്യോതിഷം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrolo%C4%A1ija" title="Astroloġija – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Astroloġija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7" title="ज्योतिष – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ज्योतिष" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85" title="تنجيم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تنجيم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="اساره‌وینی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اساره‌وینی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologi" title="Astrologi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Astrologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ဗေဒင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဗေဒင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologie" title="Astrologie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Astrologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7" title="ज्योतिष – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ज्योतिष" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="ज्योतिषशास्त्र – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ज्योतिषशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E6%98%9F%E8%A1%93" title="占星術 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="占星術" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologi" title="Astrologi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Astrologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologi" title="Astrologi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Astrologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologie" title="Astrologie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Astrologie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologia" title="Astrologia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Astrologia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologia" title="Astrologia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Astrologia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%B6%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0" title="ଜ୍ୟୋତିଷଶାସ୍ତ୍ର – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜ୍ୟୋତିଷଶାସ୍ତ୍ର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urjii_Dhahuu" title="Urjii Dhahuu – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Urjii Dhahuu" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologiya" title="Astrologiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Astrologiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਜੋਤਿਸ਼ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੋਤਿਸ਼ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7" title="ज्योतिष – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="ज्योतिष" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B4" title="جوتش – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جوتش" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D9%87" title="نجومپوهنه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نجومپوهنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrolodjie" title="Astrolodjie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Astrolodjie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologia" title="Astrologia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Astrologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologia" title="Astrologia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Astrologia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologie" title="Astrologie – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Astrologie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрология – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Астрология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="फलितज्योतिषम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="फलितज्योतिषम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_(%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85)" title="ستاریاں دا علم (علم نجوم) – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ستاریاں دا علم (علم نجوم)" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologie" title="Astrologie – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Astrologie" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologjia" title="Astrologjia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Astrologjia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrolugg%C3%ACa" title="Astroluggìa – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Astroluggìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB" title="තාරකාශාස්ත්‍ර – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="තාරකාශාස්ත්‍ර" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Astrology" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrol%C3%B3gia" title="Astrológia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Astrológia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologija" title="Astrologija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Astrologija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Астрологија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Астрологија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologija" title="Astrologija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Astrologija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologi" title="Astrologi – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Astrologi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologia" title="Astrologia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Astrologia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologi" title="Astrologi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Astrologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrolohiya" title="Astrolohiya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Astrolohiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சோதிடம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சோதிடம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="జ్యోతిషశాస్త్రం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జ్యోతిషశాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="โหราศาสตร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โหราศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Ахтарбинӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ахтарбинӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astroloji" title="Astroloji – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Astroloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologi%C3%BDa" title="Astrologiýa – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Astrologiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Астрологія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Астрологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85" title="علم نجوم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="علم نجوم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astro%C5%82ozia" title="Astrołozia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Astrołozia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%C3%AAm_tinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Chiêm tinh học – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chiêm tinh học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asterlodjeye" title="Asterlodjeye – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Asterlodjeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E6%98%9F%E8%A1%93" title="占星術 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="占星術" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologie" title="Astrologie – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Astrologie" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrolohiya" title="Astrolohiya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Astrolohiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%ABstubiddiw" title="Gëstubiddiw – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Gëstubiddiw" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E6%98%9F%E6%9C%AF" title="占星术 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="占星术" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A2" title="אסטראלאגיע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אסטראלאגיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E6%98%9F%E8%A1%93" title="占星術 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="占星術" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E6%98%9F%E6%9C%AF" title="占星术 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="占星术" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34362#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">Astronomy</a>, the scientific study of celestial objects. 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Astrology</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center notpageimage" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Venice_ast_sm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Venice_ast_sm.jpg/170px-Venice_ast_sm.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Venice_ast_sm.jpg/255px-Venice_ast_sm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Venice_ast_sm.jpg/340px-Venice_ast_sm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Background</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Worship_of_heavenly_bodies" title="Worship of heavenly bodies">Worship of heavenly bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_astrology" title="History of astrology">History of astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrology_and_astronomy" title="Astrology and astronomy">Astrology and astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_astrology" title="Glossary of astrology">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planets_in_astrology" title="Planets in astrology">Planets</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Behenian_fixed_star" title="Behenian fixed star">Behenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_planet" title="Classical planet">Classical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zodiac" title="Zodiac">Zodiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astrological_traditions,_types,_and_systems" title="List of astrological traditions, types, and systems">Traditions, types, and systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrology_and_science" title="Astrology and science">Astrology and science</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astrologers" title="List of astrologers">Astrologers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astrological_organizations" title="List of astrological organizations">Astrological organizations</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Traditions</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_astrology" title="Babylonian astrology">Babylonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_astrology" title="Chinese astrology">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_astrology" title="Hellenistic astrology">Hellenistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_astrology" title="Hindu astrology">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrology_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Astrology in the medieval Islamic world">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_astrology" title="Jewish astrology">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_astrology" title="Tibetan astrology">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_astrology" title="Western astrology">Western</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Branches</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natal_astrology" title="Natal astrology">Natal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electional_astrology" title="Electional astrology">Electional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horary_astrology" title="Horary astrology">Horary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_astrology" title="Medical astrology">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_astrology" title="Financial astrology">Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locational_astrology" title="Locational astrology">Locational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_astrology" title="Psychological astrology">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrometeorology" title="Astrometeorology">Meteorological</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Astrological_sign" title="Astrological sign">Astrological signs</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aries_(astrology)" title="Aries (astrology)">Aries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taurus_(astrology)" title="Taurus (astrology)">Taurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_(astrology)" title="Gemini (astrology)">Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancer_(astrology)" title="Cancer (astrology)">Cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_(astrology)" title="Leo (astrology)">Leo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgo_(astrology)" title="Virgo (astrology)">Virgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libra_(astrology)" title="Libra (astrology)">Libra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorpio_(astrology)" title="Scorpio (astrology)">Scorpio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagittarius_(astrology)" title="Sagittarius (astrology)">Sagittarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capricorn_(astrology)" title="Capricorn (astrology)">Capricorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquarius_(astrology)" title="Aquarius (astrology)">Aquarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisces_(astrology)" title="Pisces (astrology)">Pisces</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Astrological_symbols" title="Astrological symbols">Symbols</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planet_symbols" class="mw-redirect" title="Planet symbols">Planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metals_of_antiquity" title="Metals of antiquity">Metals</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Astrology_sidebar" title="Template:Astrology sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Astrology_sidebar" title="Template talk:Astrology sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Astrology_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Astrology sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Paranormal" title="Category:Paranormal">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%;padding:0 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Paranormal" title="Paranormal">Paranormal</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#ebebeb;;color: var(--color-base)">Main articles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astral_projection" title="Astral projection">Astral projection</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aura_(paranormal)" title="Aura (paranormal)">Aura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilocation" title="Bilocation">Bilocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inedia" title="Inedia">Breatharianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clairvoyance" title="Clairvoyance">Clairvoyance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close_encounter" title="Close encounter">Close encounter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_spot_(paranormal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold spot (paranormal)">Cold spot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_gazing" title="Crystal gazing">Crystal gazing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evocation" title="Evocation">Conjuration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptozoology" title="Cryptozoology">Cryptozoology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_possession" title="Spirit possession">Demonic possession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demonology" title="Demonology">Demonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doppelg%C3%A4nger" title="Doppelgänger">Doppelgänger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ectoplasm_(paranormal)" title="Ectoplasm (paranormal)">Ectoplasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_voice_phenomenon" title="Electronic voice phenomenon">Electronic voice phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcism" title="Exorcism">Exorcism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrasensory_perception" title="Extrasensory perception">Extrasensory perception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forteana" class="mw-redirect" title="Forteana">Forteana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortune-telling" title="Fortune-telling">Fortune-telling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_hunting" title="Ghost hunting">Ghost hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations" title="List of reportedly haunted locations">Haunted locations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations_in_India" title="List of reportedly haunted locations in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reportedly_haunted_locations_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Reportedly haunted locations in the United Kingdom">UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations_in_the_United_States" title="List of reportedly haunted locations in the United States">US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_(supernatural)" title="Magic (supernatural)">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediumship" title="Mediumship">Mediumship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle" title="Miracle">Miracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occult" title="Occult">Occult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orb_(optics)#Paranormal_claims" class="mw-redirect" title="Orb (optics)">Orb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouija" title="Ouija">Ouija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_fiction" title="Paranormal fiction">Paranormal fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_television" title="Paranormal television">Paranormal television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precognition" title="Precognition">Precognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preternatural" title="Preternatural">Preternatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychic" title="Psychic">Psychic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychic_reading" title="Psychic reading">Psychic reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychometry_(paranormal)" title="Psychometry (paranormal)">Psychometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reincarnation" title="Reincarnation">Reincarnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_viewing" title="Remote viewing">Remote viewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrocognition" title="Retrocognition">Retrocognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_photography" title="Spirit photography">Spirit photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_possession" title="Spirit possession">Spirit possession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_world_(Spiritualism)" title="Spirit world (Spiritualism)">Spirit world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(beliefs)" title="Spiritualism (beliefs)">Spiritualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Tape" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone Tape">Stone Tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural" title="Supernatural">Supernatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telekinesis" title="Telekinesis">Telekinesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telepathy" title="Telepathy">Telepathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table-turning" title="Table-turning">Table-turning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ufology" title="Ufology">Ufology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#ebebeb;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Skepticism" title="Skepticism">Skepticism</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold_reading" title="Cold reading">Cold reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">Committee for Skeptical Inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debunker" title="Debunker">Debunking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoax" title="Hoax">Hoax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Randi_Educational_Foundation" title="James Randi Educational Foundation">James Randi Educational Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_thinking" title="Magical thinking">Magical thinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prizes_for_evidence_of_the_paranormal" title="List of prizes for evidence of the paranormal">Prizes for evidence of the paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoskepticism" title="Pseudoskepticism">Pseudoskepticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_literacy" title="Scientific literacy">Scientific literacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_skepticism" title="Scientific skepticism">Scientific skepticism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#ebebeb;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">Parapsychology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anomalous_experiences" title="Anomalous experiences">Anomalous experiences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apparitional_experience" title="Apparitional experience">Apparitional experiences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empath" title="Empath">Empath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_awakening" title="False awakening">False awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnosis" title="Hypnosis">Hypnosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideomotor_phenomenon" title="Ideomotor phenomenon">Ideomotor phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out-of-body_experience" title="Out-of-body experience">Out-of-body experiences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">Parapsychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronicity" title="Synchronicity">Synchronicity</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#ebebeb;;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anomalistics" title="Anomalistics">Anomalistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argument_from_ignorance" title="Argument from ignorance">Argument from ignorance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argumentum_ad_populum" title="Argumentum ad populum">Argumentum ad populum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandwagon_effect" title="Bandwagon effect">Bandwagon effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begging_the_question" title="Begging the question">Begging the question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_dissonance" title="Cognitive dissonance">Cognitive dissonance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communal_reinforcement" title="Communal reinforcement">Communal reinforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallacy" title="Fallacy">Fallacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falsifiability" title="Falsifiability">Falsifiability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fringe_science" title="Fringe science">Fringe science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groupthink" title="Groupthink">Groupthink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnosis" title="Hypnosis">Hypnosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junk_science" title="Junk science">Junk science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protoscience" title="Protoscience">Protoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">Pseudoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_evidence" title="Scientific evidence">Scientific evidence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_method" title="Scientific method">Scientific method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstition" title="Superstition">Superstition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncertainty" title="Uncertainty">Uncertainty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_legend" title="Urban legend">Urban legend</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Paranormal" title="Template:Paranormal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Paranormal" title="Template talk:Paranormal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Paranormal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Paranormal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Esotericism" title="Category:Esotericism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle">Esotericism</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:10px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flower_of_Life_19-circles.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Esoteric symbolism"><img alt="Esoteric symbolism" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flower_of_Life_19-circles.svg/90px-Flower_of_Life_19-circles.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flower_of_Life_19-circles.svg/135px-Flower_of_Life_19-circles.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flower_of_Life_19-circles.svg/180px-Flower_of_Life_19-circles.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Key concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_esotericism" title="Western esotericism">Western esotericism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_esotericism" title="Eastern esotericism">Eastern esotericism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">Alchemy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosis" title="Gnosis">Gnosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_(supernatural)" title="Magic (supernatural)">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics">Metaphysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystical_theology" title="Mystical theology">Mystical theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occult" title="Occult">Occult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophy" title="Theosophy">Theosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalism_(perennialism)" title="Traditionalism (perennialism)">Traditionalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Rites</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astral_projection" title="Astral projection">Astral projection</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_light" title="Body of light">Body of light</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">Divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_transmission" class="mw-redirect" title="Esoteric transmission">Esoteric transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evocation" title="Evocation">Evocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcism" title="Exorcism">Exorcism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initiation" title="Initiation">Initiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invocation" title="Invocation">Invocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propitiation" title="Propitiation">Propitiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_passage" title="Rite of passage">Rite of passage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_purification" title="Ritual purification">Ritual purification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice" title="Sacrifice">Sacrifice</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Societies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%E2%88%B4A%E2%88%B4" title="A∴A∴">A∴A∴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lus_Co%C3%ABns" class="mw-redirect" title="Élus Coëns">Élus Coëns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermetic_Order_of_the_Golden_Dawn" title="Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn">Golden Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinism" title="Martinism">Martinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosicrucianism" title="Rosicrucianism">Rosicrucianism</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariqa" title="Tariqa">Tariqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhonian_Order" title="Typhonian Order">Typhonian Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_organization" title="Magical organization">List of magical organizations</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Notable figures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madame_Blavatsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Madame Blavatsky">Blavatsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_B%C3%B6hme" title="Jakob Böhme">Böhme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Burckhardt" title="Titus Burckhardt">Burckhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley" title="Aleister Crowley">Crowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dee" title="John Dee">Dee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_the_Areopagite" title="Dionysius the Areopagite">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Evola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Faivre" title="Antoine Faivre">Faivre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Gu%C3%A9non" title="René Guénon">Guénon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gurdjieff" title="George Gurdjieff">Gurdjieff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manly_P._Hall" title="Manly P. Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_Trismegistus" title="Hermes Trismegistus">Hermes Trismegistus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Arabi" title="Ibn Arabi">Ibn Arabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Lavey" class="mw-redirect" title="Anton Lavey">Lavey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89liphas_L%C3%A9vi" title="Éliphas Lévi">Lévi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Liddell_Mathers" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Liddell Mathers">Mathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seyyed_Hossein_Nasr" title="Seyyed Hossein Nasr">Nasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Oldmeadow" title="Harry Oldmeadow">Oldmeadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus">Paracelsus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythagoras" title="Pythagoras">Pythagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frithjof_Schuon" title="Frithjof Schuon">Schuon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Steiner" title="Rudolf Steiner">Steiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Edward_Waite" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Edward Waite">Waite</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophy" title="Anthroposophy">Anthroposophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Neo-Nazism" title="Esoteric Neo-Nazism">Esoteric Hitlerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Esotericism" title="Template:Esotericism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Esotericism" title="Template talk:Esotericism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Esotericism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Esotericism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Astrology is a range of <a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">divinatory</a> practices, recognized as <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscientific" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudoscientific">pseudoscientific</a> since the 18th century,<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThagard1978229-2">[2]</a> that propose that information about human affairs and terrestrial events may be discerned by studying the apparent positions of <a href="/wiki/Celestial_objects_in_astrology" class="mw-redirect" title="Celestial objects in astrology">celestial objects</a>.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Thagard-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Different cultures have employed forms of astrology since at least the 2nd millennium BCE, these practices having originated in <a href="/wiki/Calendrical_calculation" title="Calendrical calculation">calendrical</a> systems used to predict seasonal shifts and to interpret celestial cycles as signs of divine communications.<a href="#cite_note-Koch-Westenholz_1995_Foreword,_11-8">[8]</a> Most, if not all, cultures have attached importance to what they observed in the sky, and some—such as the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_astrology" title="Hindu astrology">Hindus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_astrology" title="Chinese astrology">Chinese</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya</a>—developed elaborate systems for predicting terrestrial events from celestial observations. <a href="/wiki/Western_astrology" title="Western astrology">Western astrology</a>, one of the oldest astrological systems still in use, can trace its roots to 19th–17th century BCE <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>, from where it spread to Ancient Greece, Rome, the <a href="/wiki/Astrology_in_medieval_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrology in medieval Islam">Islamic world</a>, and eventually Central and Western Europe. Contemporary Western astrology is often associated with systems of <a href="/wiki/Horoscope" title="Horoscope">horoscopes</a> that purport to explain aspects of a person's personality and predict significant events in their lives based on the positions of celestial objects; the majority of professional astrologers rely on such systems.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennett200783-9">[9]</a> Throughout its history, astrology has had its detractors, competitors and skeptics who opposed it for moral, religious, political, and empirical reasons.<a href="#cite_note-Massimo1-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Beanato1-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hughes-12">[12]</a> Nonetheless, prior to the Enlightenment, astrology was generally considered a scholarly tradition and was common in learned circles, often in close relation with <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astrometeorology" title="Astrometeorology">meteorology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medical_astrology" title="Medical astrology">medicine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">alchemy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kassell-13">[13]</a> It was present in political circles and is mentioned in various works of literature, from <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Geoffrey Chaucer</a> to <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lope_de_Vega" title="Lope de Vega">Lope de Vega</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca">Pedro Calderón de la Barca</a>. During <a href="/wiki/The_Enlightenment" class="mw-redirect" title="The Enlightenment">the Enlightenment</a>, however, astrology lost its status as an area of legitimate scholarly pursuit.<a href="#cite_note-Porter-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rutkin-15">[15]</a> Following the end of the 19th century and the wide-scale adoption of the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_method" title="Scientific method">scientific method</a>, researchers have successfully challenged astrology on both theoretical<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBiswasMallikVishveshwara1989249-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-AsquithNSF-17">[17]</a> and experimental grounds,<a href="#cite_note-Carlson-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZarka2011-19">[19]</a> and have shown it to have no scientific validity or <a href="/wiki/Explanatory_power" title="Explanatory power">explanatory power</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennett2007-20">[20]</a> Astrology thus lost its academic and theoretical standing in the western world, and common belief in it largely declined, until a continuing resurgence starting in the 1960s.<a href="#cite_note-Brit-21">[21]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marcantonio_Raimondi_-_Two_Women_with_the_Signs_of_Libra_and_Scorpio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Marcantonio_Raimondi_-_Two_Women_with_the_Signs_of_Libra_and_Scorpio.jpg/170px-Marcantonio_Raimondi_-_Two_Women_with_the_Signs_of_Libra_and_Scorpio.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Marcantonio_Raimondi_-_Two_Women_with_the_Signs_of_Libra_and_Scorpio.jpg/255px-Marcantonio_Raimondi_-_Two_Women_with_the_Signs_of_Libra_and_Scorpio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Marcantonio_Raimondi_-_Two_Women_with_the_Signs_of_Libra_and_Scorpio.jpg/340px-Marcantonio_Raimondi_-_Two_Women_with_the_Signs_of_Libra_and_Scorpio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="403" data-file-height="580" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marcantonio_Raimondi" title="Marcantonio Raimondi">Marcantonio Raimondi</a> engraving, 15th century</figcaption></figure> The word <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/astrology" class="extiw" title="wikt:astrology">astrology</a> comes from the early <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> word <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/astrologia" class="extiw" title="wikt:astrologia">astrologia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> which derives from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%80%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:ἀστρολογία">ἀστρολογία</a>—from <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%84%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:ἄστρον">ἄστρον</a> astron ("star") and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:-λογία">-λογία</a> -logia, ("study of"—"account of the stars"). The word entered the English language via Latin and <a href="/wiki/Medieval_French" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval French">medieval French</a>, and its use overlapped considerably with that of astronomy (derived from the Latin <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/astronomia" class="extiw" title="wikt:astronomia">astronomia</a>). By the <a href="/wiki/17th_century" title="17th century">17th century</a>, astronomy became established as the scientific term, with astrology referring to divinations and schemes for predicting human affairs.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_astrology" title="History of astrology">History of astrology</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P._26_%27The_Zodiac_Man%27_a_diagram_of_a_human_body_and_astrological_symbols_with_instructions_explaining_the_importance_of_astrology_from_a_medical_perspective.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/P._26_%27The_Zodiac_Man%27_a_diagram_of_a_human_body_and_astrological_symbols_with_instructions_explaining_the_importance_of_astrology_from_a_medical_perspective.jpg/170px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/P._26_%27The_Zodiac_Man%27_a_diagram_of_a_human_body_and_astrological_symbols_with_instructions_explaining_the_importance_of_astrology_from_a_medical_perspective.jpg/255px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/P._26_%27The_Zodiac_Man%27_a_diagram_of_a_human_body_and_astrological_symbols_with_instructions_explaining_the_importance_of_astrology_from_a_medical_perspective.jpg/340px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1325" data-file-height="1869" /></a><figcaption>The Zodiac Man, a diagram of a human body and astrological symbols with instructions explaining the importance of astrology from a medical perspective. From a 15th-century Welsh manuscript</figcaption></figure> Many cultures have attached importance to astronomical events, and the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_astrology" title="Hindu astrology">Indians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_astrology" title="Chinese astrology">Chinese</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya</a> developed elaborate systems for predicting terrestrial events from celestial observations. A form of astrology was practised in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Babylonian_Empire" title="Old Babylonian Empire">Old Babylonian</a> period of <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1800 BCE.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-Koch-Westenholz_1995_Foreword,_11-8">[8]</a> Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa is one of earliest known Hindu texts on <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a> and astrology (<a href="/wiki/Jyotisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Jyotisha">Jyotisha</a>). The text is dated between 1400 BCE to final centuries BCE by various scholars according to astronomical and linguistic evidences. Chinese astrology was elaborated in the <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou dynasty</a> (1046–256 BCE). <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_astrology" title="Hellenistic astrology">Hellenistic astrology</a> after 332 BCE mixed <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_astrology" title="Babylonian astrology">Babylonian astrology</a> with Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Decans" class="mw-redirect" title="Decans">Decanic astrology</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, creating <a href="/wiki/Horoscopic_astrology" title="Horoscopic astrology">horoscopic astrology</a>. <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great's</a> conquest of <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> allowed astrology to spread to <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Rome</a>. In Rome, astrology was associated with "<a href="/wiki/Chaldea" title="Chaldea">Chaldean</a> wisdom". After the conquest of Alexandria in the 7th century, astrology was taken up by Islamic scholars, and Hellenistic texts were translated into Arabic and Persian. In the 12th century, Arabic texts were imported to Europe and <a href="/wiki/Latin_translations_of_the_12th_century" title="Latin translations of the 12th century">translated into Latin</a>. Major astronomers including <a href="/wiki/Tycho_Brahe" title="Tycho Brahe">Tycho Brahe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Johannes Kepler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Galileo" class="mw-redirect" title="Galileo">Galileo</a> practised as court astrologers. Astrological references appear in literature in the works of poets such as <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Geoffrey Chaucer</a>, and of playwrights such as <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Marlowe" title="Christopher Marlowe">Christopher Marlowe</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>. Throughout most of its history, astrology was considered a scholarly tradition. It was accepted in political and academic contexts, and was connected with other studies, such as <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">alchemy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meteorology" title="Meteorology">meteorology</a>, and medicine.<a href="#cite_note-Kassell-13">[13]</a> At the end of the 17th century, new scientific concepts in astronomy and physics (such as <a href="/wiki/Heliocentrism" title="Heliocentrism">heliocentrism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Classical_mechanics" title="Classical mechanics">Newtonian mechanics</a>) called astrology into question. Astrology thus lost its academic and theoretical standing, and common belief in astrology has largely declined.<a href="#cite_note-Brit-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_world">Ancient world</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_astrology" title="Babylonian astrology">Babylonian astrology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Worship_of_heavenly_bodies" title="Worship of heavenly bodies">Worship of heavenly bodies</a></div> Astrology, in its broadest sense, is the search for meaning in the sky.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampion20092,_3-25">[25]</a> Early evidence for humans making conscious attempts to measure, record, and predict seasonal changes by reference to astronomical cycles, appears as markings on bones and cave walls, which show that <a href="/wiki/Lunar_cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar cycle">lunar cycles</a> were being noted as early as 25,000 years ago.<a href="#cite_note-Marshack-26">[26]</a> This was a first step towards recording the Moon's influence upon tides and rivers, and towards organising a communal calendar.<a href="#cite_note-Marshack-26">[26]</a> Farmers addressed agricultural needs with increasing knowledge of the <a href="/wiki/Constellations" class="mw-redirect" title="Constellations">constellations</a> that appear in the different seasons—and used the rising of particular star-groups to herald annual floods or seasonal activities.<a href="#cite_note-homerica-27">[27]</a> By the 3rd millennium BCE, civilisations had sophisticated awareness of celestial cycles, and may have oriented temples in alignment with <a href="/wiki/Heliacal_rising" title="Heliacal rising">heliacal risings</a> of the stars.<a href="#cite_note-archaeoastronomy-28">[28]</a> Scattered evidence suggests that the oldest known astrological references are copies of texts made in the ancient world. The <a href="/wiki/Venus_tablet_of_Ammisaduqa" title="Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa">Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa</a> is thought to have been compiled in <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a> around 1700 BCE.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> A scroll documenting an early use of <a href="/wiki/Electional_astrology" title="Electional astrology">electional astrology</a> is doubtfully ascribed to the reign of the <a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumerian</a> ruler <a href="/wiki/Gudea_of_Lagash" class="mw-redirect" title="Gudea of Lagash">Gudea of Lagash</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 2144 – 2124 BCE). This describes how the gods revealed to him in a dream the constellations that would be most favourable for the planned construction of a temple.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> However, there is controversy about whether these were genuinely recorded at the time or merely ascribed to ancient rulers by posterity. The oldest undisputed evidence of the use of astrology as an integrated system of knowledge is therefore attributed to the records of the first dynasty of <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a> (1950–1651 BCE). This astrology had some parallels with <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenistic">Hellenistic</a> Greek (western) astrology, including the <a href="/wiki/Zodiac" title="Zodiac">zodiac</a>, a norming point near 9 degrees in Aries, the trine aspect, planetary exaltations, and the dodekatemoria (the twelve divisions of 30 degrees each).<a href="#cite_note-Rochberg-Halton-31">[31]</a> The Babylonians viewed celestial events as possible signs rather than as causes of physical events.<a href="#cite_note-Rochberg-Halton-31">[31]</a> The system of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_astrology" title="Chinese astrology">Chinese astrology</a> was elaborated during the <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou dynasty</a> (1046–256 BCE) and flourished during the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> (2nd century BCE to 2nd century CE), during which all the familiar elements of traditional Chinese culture – the Yin-Yang philosophy, theory of the five elements, Heaven and Earth, Confucian morality – were brought together to formalise the philosophical principles of Chinese medicine and divination, astrology, and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_alchemy" title="Chinese alchemy">alchemy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunKistemaker19973,_4-32">[32]</a> The ancient Arabs that inhabited the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a> <a href="/wiki/Pre-Islamic_Arabia" title="Pre-Islamic Arabia">before the advent of Islam</a> used to profess a widespread belief in <a href="/wiki/Fatalism" title="Fatalism">fatalism</a> (ḳadar) alongside a fearful consideration for the sky and the stars, which they held to be ultimately responsible for every phenomena that occurs on Earth and for the destiny of humankind.<a href="#cite_note-Al-Abbasi_2020-33">[33]</a> Accordingly, they shaped their entire lives in accordance with their interpretations of astral configurations and phenomena.<a href="#cite_note-Al-Abbasi_2020-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ancient_objections">Ancient objections</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cicero_-_Musei_Capitolini.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Cicero_-_Musei_Capitolini.JPG/170px-Cicero_-_Musei_Capitolini.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Cicero_-_Musei_Capitolini.JPG/255px-Cicero_-_Musei_Capitolini.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Cicero_-_Musei_Capitolini.JPG/340px-Cicero_-_Musei_Capitolini.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1227" data-file-height="1636" /></a><figcaption>The Roman orator <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a> objected to astrology.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_philosophy" title="Hellenistic philosophy">Hellenistic</a> schools of <a href="/wiki/Philosophical_skepticism" title="Philosophical skepticism">philosophical skepticism</a> criticized the rationality of astrology.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] Criticism of astrology by <a href="/wiki/Academic_skepticism" title="Academic skepticism">academic skeptics</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carneades" title="Carneades">Carneades</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Favorinus" title="Favorinus">Favorinus</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Pyrrhonism" title="Pyrrhonism">Pyrrhonists</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Sextus_Empiricus" title="Sextus Empiricus">Sextus Empiricus</a> has been preserved. <a href="/wiki/Carneades" title="Carneades">Carneades</a> argued that belief in fate denies <a href="/wiki/Free_will" title="Free will">free will</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morality" title="Morality">morality</a>; that people born at different times can all die in the same accident or battle; and that contrary to uniform influences from the stars, tribes and cultures are all different.<a href="#cite_note-Hughes-12">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a>, in <a href="/wiki/De_Divinatione" title="De Divinatione">De Divinatione</a>, leveled a critique of astrology that some modern philosophers consider to be the first working definition of <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">pseudoscience</a> and the answer to the <a href="/wiki/Demarcation_problem" title="Demarcation problem">demarcation problem</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Beanato1-11">[11]</a> Philosopher of Science <a href="/wiki/Massimo_Pigliucci" title="Massimo Pigliucci">Massimo Pigliucci</a>, building on the work of Historian of Science, Damien Fernandez-Beanato, argues that Cicero outlined a "convincing distinction between astrology and astronomy that remains valid in the twenty-first century."<a href="#cite_note-Massimo1-10">[10]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a> stated the twins objection (that with close birth times, personal outcomes can be very different), later developed by <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong2005173-34">[34]</a> He argued that since the other planets are much more distant from the Earth than the Moon, they could have only very tiny influence compared to the Moon's.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong2005173–174-35">[35]</a> He also argued that if astrology explains everything about a person's fate, then it wrongly ignores the visible effect of inherited ability and parenting, changes in health worked by medicine, or the effects of the weather on people.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong2005177-36">[36]</a> <a href="/wiki/Favorinus" title="Favorinus">Favorinus</a> argued that it was absurd to imagine that stars and planets would affect human bodies in the same way as they affect the tides,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong2005184-37">[37]</a> and equally absurd that small motions in the heavens cause large changes in people's fates. <a href="/wiki/Sextus_Empiricus" title="Sextus Empiricus">Sextus Empiricus</a> argued that it was absurd to link human attributes with myths about the signs of the zodiac,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong2005186-38">[38]</a> and wrote an entire book, <a href="/wiki/Against_the_Astrologers" class="mw-redirect" title="Against the Astrologers">Against the Astrologers</a> (Πρὸς ἀστρολόγους, Pros astrologous), compiling arguments against astrology. Against the Astrologers was the fifth section of a larger work arguing against philosophical and scientific inquiry in general, Against the Professors (Πρὸς μαθηματικούς, Pros mathematikous). <a href="/wiki/Plotinus" title="Plotinus">Plotinus</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Neoplatonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoplatonist">neoplatonist</a>, argued that since the fixed stars are much more distant than the planets, it is laughable to imagine the planets' effect on human affairs should depend on their position with respect to the zodiac. He also argues that the interpretation of the Moon's <a href="/wiki/Conjunction_(astronomy)" title="Conjunction (astronomy)">conjunction</a> with a planet as good when the moon is full, but bad when the moon is waning, is clearly wrong, as from the Moon's point of view, half of its surface is always in sunlight; and from the planet's point of view, waning should be better, as then the planet sees some light from the Moon, but when the Moon is full to us, it is dark, and therefore bad, on the side facing the planet in question.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong2005174-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hellenistic_Egypt">Hellenistic Egypt</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_astrology" title="Hellenistic astrology">Hellenistic astrology</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quadritpartitum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ptolemy's Tetrabiblos, the Hellenistic text that founded Western astrology" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Quadritpartitum.jpg/170px-Quadritpartitum.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Quadritpartitum.jpg/255px-Quadritpartitum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Quadritpartitum.jpg/340px-Quadritpartitum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="419" data-file-height="505" /></a><figcaption>1484 copy of first page of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy's</a> Tetrabiblos, translated into Latin by <a href="/wiki/Plato_of_Tivoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Plato of Tivoli">Plato of Tivoli</a></figcaption></figure> In 525 BCE, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> was conquered by the Persians. The 1st century BCE Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Dendera_Zodiac" class="mw-redirect" title="Dendera Zodiac">Dendera Zodiac</a> shares two signs – the Balance and the Scorpion – with Mesopotamian astrology.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarton199424-40">[40]</a> With the occupation by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> in 332 BCE, Egypt became <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenistic">Hellenistic</a>. The city of <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> was founded by Alexander after the conquest, becoming the place where <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_astrology" title="Babylonian astrology">Babylonian astrology</a> was mixed with Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Decans" class="mw-redirect" title="Decans">Decanic astrology</a> to create <a href="/wiki/Horoscopic_astrology" title="Horoscopic astrology">Horoscopic astrology</a>. This contained the Babylonian zodiac with its system of planetary <a href="/wiki/Exaltation_(astrology)" title="Exaltation (astrology)">exaltations</a>, the triplicities of the signs and the importance of eclipses. It used the Egyptian concept of dividing the zodiac into thirty-six decans of ten degrees each, with an emphasis on the rising decan, and the Greek system of planetary Gods, sign rulership and <a href="/wiki/Four_elements" class="mw-redirect" title="Four elements">four elements</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden200611–13-41">[41]</a> 2nd century BCE texts predict positions of planets in zodiac signs at the time of the rising of certain decans, particularly Sothis.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarton199420-42">[42]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Astrologer" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrologer">astrologer</a> and astronomer <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy#Astrology" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a> lived in Alexandria. Ptolemy's work the <a href="/wiki/Tetrabiblos" title="Tetrabiblos">Tetrabiblos</a> formed the basis of Western astrology, and, "...enjoyed almost the authority of a Bible among the astrological writers of a thousand years or more."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobbins1940xii'Introduction'-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greece_and_Rome">Greece and Rome</h3></div> The conquest of <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> exposed the Greeks to ideas from <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, Babylon, Persia and central Asia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampion2008173-44">[44]</a> Around 280 BCE, <a href="/wiki/Berossus" title="Berossus">Berossus</a>, a priest of <a href="/wiki/Marduk" title="Marduk">Bel</a> from Babylon, moved to the Greek island of <a href="/wiki/Kos" title="Kos">Kos</a>, teaching astrology and Babylonian culture.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampion200884-45">[45]</a> By the 1st century BCE, there were two varieties of astrology, one using <a href="/wiki/Horoscope" title="Horoscope">horoscopes</a> to describe the past, present and future; the other, <a href="/wiki/Theurgic" class="mw-redirect" title="Theurgic">theurgic</a>, emphasising the <a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">soul's</a> ascent to the stars.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampion2008173–174-46">[46]</a> Greek influence played a crucial role in the transmission of astrological theory to <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Rome</a>.<a href="#cite_note-B32-47">[47]</a> The first definite reference to astrology in Rome comes from the orator <a href="/wiki/Cato_the_Elder" title="Cato the Elder">Cato</a>, who in 160 BCE warned farm overseers against consulting with Chaldeans,<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> who were described as Babylonian 'star-gazers'.<a href="#cite_note-Campion227-49">[49]</a> Among both Greeks and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a>, Babylonia (also known as <a href="/wiki/Chaldea" title="Chaldea">Chaldea</a>) became so identified with astrology that 'Chaldean wisdom' became <a href="/wiki/Synonym" title="Synonym">synonymous</a> with <a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">divination</a> using planets and stars.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParkerParker198316-50">[50]</a> The 2nd-century Roman poet and satirist <a href="/wiki/Juvenal" title="Juvenal">Juvenal</a> complains about the pervasive influence of Chaldeans, saying, "Still more trusted are the Chaldaeans; every word uttered by the astrologer they will believe has come from <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter (mythology)">Hammon's</a> fountain."<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> One of the first astrologers to bring <a href="/wiki/Hermetic_astrology" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermetic astrology">Hermetic astrology</a> to Rome was <a href="/wiki/Thrasyllus_of_Mendes" title="Thrasyllus of Mendes">Thrasyllus</a>, astrologer to the <a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a>,<a href="#cite_note-B32-47">[47]</a> the first emperor to have had a court astrologer,<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> though his predecessor <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> had used astrology to help legitimise his <a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperial</a> rights.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_world">Medieval world</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hindu">Hindu</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hindu_astrology" title="Hindu astrology">Hindu astrology</a></div> The main texts upon which classical Indian astrology is based are early medieval compilations, notably the <a href="/wiki/B%E1%B9%9Bhat_Par%C4%81%C5%9Bara_Hor%C4%81%C5%9B%C4%81stra" class="mw-redirect" title="Bṛhat Parāśara Horāśāstra">Bṛhat Parāśara Horāśāstra</a>, and <a href="/wiki/S%C4%81r%C4%81val%C4%AB" title="Sārāvalī">Sārāvalī</a> by Kalyāṇavarma. The Horāshastra is a composite work of 71 chapters, of which the first part (chapters 1–51) dates to the 7th to early 8th centuries and the second part (chapters 52–71) to the later 8th century. The Sārāvalī likewise dates to around 800 CE.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> English translations of these texts were published by N.N. Krishna Rau and V.B. Choudhari in 1963 and 1961, respectively. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Islamic">Islamic</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Astrology_in_medieval_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrology in medieval Islam">Astrology in medieval Islam</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Translation_of_Albumasar_Venice_1515_De_Magnis_Coniunctionibus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Image of a Latin astrological text" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Translation_of_Albumasar_Venice_1515_De_Magnis_Coniunctionibus.jpg/220px-Translation_of_Albumasar_Venice_1515_De_Magnis_Coniunctionibus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Translation_of_Albumasar_Venice_1515_De_Magnis_Coniunctionibus.jpg/330px-Translation_of_Albumasar_Venice_1515_De_Magnis_Coniunctionibus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Translation_of_Albumasar_Venice_1515_De_Magnis_Coniunctionibus.jpg/440px-Translation_of_Albumasar_Venice_1515_De_Magnis_Coniunctionibus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2419" data-file-height="1622" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> translation of <a href="/wiki/Albumasar" class="mw-redirect" title="Albumasar">Abū Maʿshar's</a> De Magnis Coniunctionibus ('Of the great <a href="/wiki/Conjunction_(astronomy_and_astrology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conjunction (astronomy and astrology)">conjunctions</a>'), <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, 1515</figcaption></figure> Astrology was taken up by Islamic scholars<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> following the collapse of <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> to the Arabs in the 7th century, and the founding of the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid empire</a> in the 8th. The second Abbasid <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">caliph</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Mansur" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Mansur">Al Mansur</a> (754–775) founded the city of <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> to act as a centre of learning, and included in its design a library-translation centre known as Bayt al-Hikma 'House of Wisdom', which continued to receive development from his heirs and was to provide a major impetus for Arabic-Persian translations of Hellenistic astrological texts. The early translators included <a href="/wiki/Mashallah_ibn_Athari" title="Mashallah ibn Athari">Mashallah</a>, who helped to elect the time for the foundation of Baghdad,<a href="#cite_note-Biruni-56">[56]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sahl_ibn_Bishr" title="Sahl ibn Bishr">Sahl ibn Bishr</a>, (a.k.a. Zael), whose texts were directly influential upon later European astrologers such as <a href="/wiki/Guido_Bonatti" title="Guido Bonatti">Guido Bonatti</a> in the 13th century, and <a href="/wiki/William_Lilly" title="William Lilly">William Lilly</a> in the 17th century.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Knowledge of Arabic texts started to become imported into Europe during the <a href="/wiki/Latin_translations_of_the_12th_century" title="Latin translations of the 12th century">Latin translations of the 12th century</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Europe">Europe</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meister_von_San_Vitale_in_Ravenna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Meister_von_San_Vitale_in_Ravenna.jpg/170px-Meister_von_San_Vitale_in_Ravenna.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Meister_von_San_Vitale_in_Ravenna.jpg/255px-Meister_von_San_Vitale_in_Ravenna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Meister_von_San_Vitale_in_Ravenna.jpg/340px-Meister_von_San_Vitale_in_Ravenna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1409" data-file-height="1907" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a> meets the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Justinian_I" title="Justinian I">Justinian</a> in the Sphere of <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a>, in Canto 5 of the <a href="/wiki/Paradiso_(Dante)" title="Paradiso (Dante)">Paradiso</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_astrology" title="Christian views on astrology">Christian views on astrology</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Isidor_von_Sevilla.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Isidor_von_Sevilla.jpeg/170px-Isidor_von_Sevilla.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Isidor_von_Sevilla.jpeg/255px-Isidor_von_Sevilla.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Isidor_von_Sevilla.jpeg/340px-Isidor_von_Sevilla.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2705" data-file-height="3009" /></a><figcaption>The medieval theologian <a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a> criticised the predictive part of astrology.</figcaption></figure> In the seventh century, <a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a> argued in his <a href="/wiki/Etymologiae" title="Etymologiae">Etymologiae</a> that astronomy described the movements of the heavens, while astrology had two parts: one was scientific, describing the movements of the Sun, the Moon and the stars, while the other, making predictions, was theologically erroneous.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWood19705-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-Isidore-59">[59]</a> The first astrological book published in Europe was the Liber Planetis et Mundi Climatibus ("Book of the Planets and Regions of the World"), which appeared between 1010 and 1027 AD, and may have been authored by <a href="/wiki/Gerbert_of_Aurillac" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerbert of Aurillac">Gerbert of Aurillac</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Campion44-60">[60]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy's</a> second century AD <a href="/wiki/Tetrabiblos" title="Tetrabiblos">Tetrabiblos</a> was translated into Latin by <a href="/wiki/Plato_Tiburtinus" title="Plato Tiburtinus">Plato of Tivoli</a> in 1138.<a href="#cite_note-Campion44-60">[60]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Dominican_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican order">Dominican</a> theologian <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a> followed <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> in proposing that the stars ruled the imperfect 'sublunary' body, while attempting to reconcile astrology with Christianity by stating that God ruled the soul.<a href="#cite_note-Campion45-61">[61]</a> The thirteenth century mathematician <a href="/wiki/Campanus_of_Novara" title="Campanus of Novara">Campanus of Novara</a> is said to have devised a system of astrological houses that divides the <a href="/wiki/Prime_vertical" title="Prime vertical">prime vertical</a> into 'houses' of equal 30° arcs,<a href="#cite_note-Campion46-62">[62]</a> though the system was used earlier in the East.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> The thirteenth century <a href="/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">astronomer</a> <a href="/wiki/Guido_Bonatti" title="Guido Bonatti">Guido Bonatti</a> wrote a textbook, the Liber Astronomicus, a copy of which King <a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England" title="Henry VII of England">Henry VII of England</a> owned at the end of the fifteenth century.<a href="#cite_note-Campion46-62">[62]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Paradiso_(Dante)" title="Paradiso (Dante)">Paradiso</a>, the final part of the <a href="/wiki/Divine_Comedy" title="Divine Comedy">Divine Comedy</a>, the Italian poet <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a> referred "in countless details"<a href="#cite_note-Durling-64">[64]</a> to the astrological planets, though he adapted traditional astrology to suit his Christian viewpoint,<a href="#cite_note-Durling-64">[64]</a> for example using astrological thinking in his prophecies of the reform of <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Gower" title="John Gower">John Gower</a> in the fourteenth century defined astrology as essentially limited to the making of predictions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWood19705-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> The influence of the stars was in turn divided into natural astrology, with for example effects on tides and the growth of plants, and judicial astrology, with supposedly predictable effects on people.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWood19706-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-Allen148-68">[68]</a> The fourteenth-century sceptic <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Oresme" title="Nicole Oresme">Nicole Oresme</a> however included astronomy as a part of astrology in his Livre de divinacions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWood19708–11-69">[69]</a> Oresme argued that current approaches to prediction of events such as plagues, wars, and weather were inappropriate, but that such prediction was a valid field of inquiry. However, he attacked the use of astrology to choose the timing of actions (so-called interrogation and election) as wholly false, and rejected the determination of human action by the stars on grounds of free will.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWood19708–11-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coopland-70">[70]</a> The friar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurens_Pignon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laurens Pignon (page does not exist)">Laurens Pignon</a> (c. 1368–1449)<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> similarly rejected all forms of divination and determinism, including by the stars, in his 1411 Contre les Devineurs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeenstra19975,_32,_passim-72">[72]</a> This was in opposition to the tradition carried by the Arab astronomer <a href="/wiki/Albumasar" class="mw-redirect" title="Albumasar">Albumasar</a> (787–886) whose Introductorium in Astronomiam and De Magnis Coniunctionibus argued the view that both individual actions and larger scale history are determined by the stars.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeenstra1997184-73">[73]</a> In the late 15th century, <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pico_della_Mirandola" title="Giovanni Pico della Mirandola">Giovanni Pico della Mirandola</a> forcefully attacked astrology in Disputationes contra Astrologos, arguing that the heavens neither caused, nor heralded earthly events.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> His contemporary, <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Pomponazzi" title="Pietro Pomponazzi">Pietro Pomponazzi</a>, a "rationalistic and critical thinker", was much more sanguine about astrology and critical of Pico's attack.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Renaissance_and_Early_Modern">Renaissance and Early Modern</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_magic" title="Renaissance magic">Renaissance magic</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Fludd%27s_An_Astrologer_Casting_a_Horoscope_1617.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Robert_Fludd%27s_An_Astrologer_Casting_a_Horoscope_1617.jpg/220px-Robert_Fludd%27s_An_Astrologer_Casting_a_Horoscope_1617.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Robert_Fludd%27s_An_Astrologer_Casting_a_Horoscope_1617.jpg/330px-Robert_Fludd%27s_An_Astrologer_Casting_a_Horoscope_1617.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Robert_Fludd%27s_An_Astrologer_Casting_a_Horoscope_1617.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="386" /></a><figcaption>'An Astrologer Casting a Horoscope' from <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fludd" title="Robert Fludd">Robert Fludd's</a> Utriusque Cosmi Historia, 1617</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> scholars commonly practised astrology. <a href="/wiki/Gerolamo_Cardano" title="Gerolamo Cardano">Gerolamo Cardano</a> cast the horoscope of king <a href="/wiki/Edward_VI_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward VI of England">Edward VI of England</a>, while <a href="/wiki/John_Dee" title="John Dee">John Dee</a> was the personal astrologer to queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Elizabeth I of England</a>. <a href="/wiki/Catherine_de_Medici" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine de Medici">Catherine de Medici</a> paid <a href="/wiki/Michael_Nostradamus" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Nostradamus">Michael Nostradamus</a> in 1566 to verify the prediction of the death of her husband, king <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_France" title="Henry II of France">Henry II of France</a> made by her astrologer Lucus Gauricus. Major astronomers who practised as court astrologers included <a href="/wiki/Tycho_Brahe" title="Tycho Brahe">Tycho Brahe</a> in the royal court of Denmark, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Johannes Kepler</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Habsburgs" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburgs">Habsburgs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Medici" class="mw-redirect" title="Medici">Medici</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Giordano_Bruno" title="Giordano Bruno">Giordano Bruno</a> who was burnt at the stake for heresy in Rome in 1600.<a href="#cite_note-Campion47-76">[76]</a> The distinction between astrology and astronomy was not entirely clear. Advances in astronomy were often motivated by the desire to improve the accuracy of astrology.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Kepler, for example, was driven by a belief in harmonies between Earthly and celestial affairs, yet he disparaged the activities of most astrologers as "evil-smelling dung".<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ephemeris" title="Ephemeris">Ephemerides</a> with complex astrological calculations, and <a href="/wiki/Almanac" title="Almanac">almanacs</a> interpreting celestial events for use in medicine and for choosing times to plant crops, were popular in Elizabethan England.<a href="#cite_note-Harkness105-79">[79]</a> In 1597, the English <a href="/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">mathematician</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physician</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hood_(mathematician)" title="Thomas Hood (mathematician)">Thomas Hood</a> made a set of paper instruments that used revolving overlays to help students work out relationships between fixed stars or constellations, the midheaven, and the twelve <a href="/wiki/House_(astrology)" title="House (astrology)">astrological houses</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Harkness133-80">[80]</a> Hood's instruments also illustrated, for pedagogical purposes, the supposed relationships between the signs of the zodiac, the planets, and the parts of the human body adherents believed were governed by the planets and signs.<a href="#cite_note-Harkness133-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> While Hood's presentation was innovative, his astrological information was largely standard and was taken from <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Mercator" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerard Mercator">Gerard Mercator's</a> astrological disc made in 1551, or a source used by Mercator.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Despite its popularity, Renaissance astrology had what historian Gabor Almasi calls "elite debate", exemplified by the polemical letters of Swiss physician <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Erastus" title="Thomas Erastus">Thomas Erastus</a> who fought against astrology, calling it "vanity" and "superstition." Then around the time of the <a href="/wiki/SN_1572" title="SN 1572">new star of 1572</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1577" title="Great Comet of 1577">comet of 1577</a> there began what Almasi calls an "extended epistemological reform" which began the process of excluding religion, astrology and <a href="/wiki/Anthropocentrism" title="Anthropocentrism">anthropocentrism</a> from scientific debate.<a href="#cite_note-Almasi-84">[84]</a> By 1679, the yearly publication <a href="/wiki/Connaissance_des_Temps" title="Connaissance des Temps">La Connoissance des temps</a> eschewed astrology as a legitimate topic.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enlightenment_period_and_onwards">Enlightenment period and onwards</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seven_spiritualists_1906.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Seven_spiritualists_1906.jpg/220px-Seven_spiritualists_1906.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Seven_spiritualists_1906.jpg/330px-Seven_spiritualists_1906.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Seven_spiritualists_1906.jpg/440px-Seven_spiritualists_1906.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="458" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Middle-class" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle-class">Middle-class</a> Chicago women discuss spiritualism (1906).</figcaption></figure> During <a href="/wiki/The_Enlightenment" class="mw-redirect" title="The Enlightenment">the Enlightenment</a>, intellectual sympathy for astrology fell away, leaving only a popular following supported by cheap almanacs.<a href="#cite_note-Porter-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rutkin-15">[15]</a> One English almanac compiler, Richard Saunders, followed the spirit of the age by printing a derisive Discourse on the Invalidity of Astrology, while in France <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bayle" title="Pierre Bayle">Pierre Bayle's</a> Dictionnaire of 1697 stated that the subject was puerile.<a href="#cite_note-Porter-14">[14]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Irish">Anglo-Irish</a> <a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">satirist</a> <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Swift" title="Jonathan Swift">Jonathan Swift</a> ridiculed the <a href="/wiki/Whiggism" title="Whiggism">Whig</a> political astrologer <a href="/wiki/John_Partridge_(astrologer)" title="John Partridge (astrologer)">John Partridge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Porter-14">[14]</a> In the second half of the 17th century, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Society_of_Astrologers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Society of Astrologers (page does not exist)">Society of Astrologers</a> (1647–1684), a trade, educational, and social organization, sought to unite London's often fractious astrologers in the task of revitalizing astrology. Following the template of the popular "Feasts of Mathematicians" they endeavored to defend their art in the face of growing religious criticism. The Society hosted banquets, exchanged "instruments and manuscripts", proposed research projects, and funded the publication of sermons that depicted astrology as a legitimate biblical pursuit for Christians. They commissioned sermons that argued Astrology was divine, Hebraic, and scripturally supported by Bible passages about the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Magi" title="Biblical Magi">Magi</a> and the sons of <a href="/wiki/Seth" title="Seth">Seth</a>. According to historian Michelle Pfeffer, "The society's public relations campaign ultimately failed." Modern historians have mostly neglected the Society of Astrologers in favor of the still extant <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> (1660), even though both organizations initially had some of the same members.<a href="#cite_note-Pfeffer-86">[86]</a> Astrology saw a popular revival starting in the 19th century, as part of a general revival of <a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(beliefs)" title="Spiritualism (beliefs)">spiritualism</a> and—later, <a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a> philosophy,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampion2009239–249-87">[87]</a> and through the influence of mass media such as newspaper horoscopes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampion2009259–263-88">[88]</a> Early in the 20th century the psychiatrist <a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Carl Jung</a> developed some concepts concerning astrology,<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> which led to the development of <a href="/wiki/Psychological_astrology" title="Psychological astrology">psychological astrology</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Principles_and_practice">Principles and practice</h2></div> Advocates have defined astrology as a symbolic language, an <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a> form, a <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a>, and a method of divination.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Though most cultural astrology systems share common roots in ancient philosophies that influenced each other, many use methods that differ from those in the West. These include Hindu astrology (also known as "Indian astrology" and in modern times referred to as "Vedic astrology") and Chinese astrology, both of which have influenced the world's cultural history. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Western">Western</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Western_astrology" title="Western astrology">Western astrology</a> is a form of <a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">divination</a> based on the construction of a <a href="/wiki/Horoscope" title="Horoscope">horoscope</a> for an exact moment, such as a person's birth.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> It uses the tropical zodiac, which is aligned to the <a href="/wiki/Equinox" title="Equinox">equinoctial points</a>.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Western astrology is founded on the movements and relative positions of celestial bodies such as the Sun, Moon and planets, which are analysed by their movement through <a href="/wiki/Astrological_sign" title="Astrological sign">signs</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Zodiac" title="Zodiac">zodiac</a> (twelve spatial divisions of the <a href="/wiki/Ecliptic" title="Ecliptic">ecliptic</a>) and by their <a href="/wiki/Astrological_aspect" title="Astrological aspect">aspects</a> (based on geometric angles) relative to one another. They are also considered by their placement in <a href="/wiki/House_(astrology)" title="House (astrology)">houses</a> (twelve spatial divisions of the sky).<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> Astrology's modern representation in western popular media is usually reduced to <a href="/wiki/Sun_sign_astrology" title="Sun sign astrology">sun sign astrology</a>, which considers only the zodiac sign of the Sun at an individual's date of birth, and represents only 1/12 of the total chart.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> The horoscope visually expresses the set of relationships for the time and place of the chosen event. These relationships are between the seven 'planets', signifying tendencies such as war and love; the twelve signs of the zodiac; and the twelve houses. Each planet is in a particular sign and a particular house at the chosen time, when observed from the chosen place, creating two kinds of relationship.<a href="#cite_note-Kremer-99">[99]</a> A third kind is the aspect of each planet to every other planet, where for example two planets 120° apart (in 'trine') are in a harmonious relationship, but two planets 90° apart ('square') are in a conflicted relationship.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Together these relationships and their interpretations are said to form "...the language of the heavens speaking to learned men."<a href="#cite_note-Kremer-99">[99]</a> Along with <a href="/wiki/Tarot_divination" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarot divination">tarot divination</a>, astrology is one of the core studies of <a href="/wiki/Western_esotericism" title="Western esotericism">Western esotericism</a>, and as such has influenced systems of <a href="/wiki/Magic_(paranormal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic (paranormal)">magical</a> belief not only among Western esotericists and <a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticists</a>, but also belief systems such as <a href="/wiki/Wicca" title="Wicca">Wicca</a>, which have borrowed from or been influenced by the Western esoteric tradition. <a href="/wiki/Tanya_Luhrmann" title="Tanya Luhrmann">Tanya Luhrmann</a> has said that "all magicians know something about astrology," and refers to a <a href="/wiki/Table_of_correspondences" class="mw-redirect" title="Table of correspondences">table of correspondences</a> in <a href="/wiki/Starhawk" title="Starhawk">Starhawk's</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Spiral_Dance" title="The Spiral Dance">The Spiral Dance</a>, organised by <a href="/wiki/Planets_in_astrology" title="Planets in astrology">planet</a>, as an example of the astrological lore studied by magicians.<a href="#cite_note-Luhrmann-102">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hindu_2">Hindu</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hindu_astrology" title="Hindu astrology">Hindu astrology</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Page_from_an_Astrological_Treatise.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Page_from_an_Astrological_Treatise.jpg/170px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Page_from_an_Astrological_Treatise.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Page_from_an_Astrological_Treatise.jpg/255px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Page_from_an_Astrological_Treatise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Page_from_an_Astrological_Treatise.jpg/340px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Page_from_an_Astrological_Treatise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Page from an Indian astrological treatise, c. 1750</figcaption></figure> The earliest <a href="/wiki/Veda" class="mw-redirect" title="Veda">Vedic</a> text on astronomy is the <a href="/wiki/Vedanga_Jyotisha" title="Vedanga Jyotisha">Vedanga Jyotisha</a>; Vedic thought later came to include astrology as well.<a href="#cite_note-Subbarayappa-103">[103]</a> Hindu natal astrology originated with Hellenistic astrology by the 3rd century BCE,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPingree1978361-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pingree2001-105">[105]</a> though incorporating the Hindu lunar mansions.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> The names of the signs (e.g. Greek 'Krios' for Aries, Hindi 'Kriya'), the planets (e.g. Greek 'Helios' for Sun, astrological Hindi 'Heli'), and astrological terms (e.g. Greek 'apoklima' and 'sunaphe' for declination and planetary conjunction, Hindi 'apoklima' and 'sunapha' respectively) in Varaha Mihira's texts are considered conclusive evidence of a Greek origin for Hindu astrology.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> The Indian techniques may also have been augmented with some of the Babylonian techniques.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPingree1963231-108">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chinese_and_East_Asian">Chinese and East Asian</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Chinese_zodiac" title="Chinese zodiac">Chinese zodiac</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_astrology" title="Chinese astrology">Chinese astrology</a> has a close relation with <a href="/wiki/Chinese_philosophy" title="Chinese philosophy">Chinese philosophy</a> (theory of the three harmonies: heaven, earth and man) and uses concepts such as <a href="/wiki/Yin_and_yang" title="Yin and yang">yin and yang</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Wuxing_(Chinese_philosophy)" title="Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)">Five phases</a>, the 10 <a href="/wiki/Celestial_stem" class="mw-redirect" title="Celestial stem">Celestial stems</a>, the 12 <a href="/wiki/Earthly_Branches" title="Earthly Branches">Earthly Branches</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_units_of_measurement" title="Chinese units of measurement">shichen</a> (時辰 a form of timekeeping used for religious purposes). The early use of Chinese astrology was mainly confined to <a href="/wiki/History_of_astrology" title="History of astrology">political astrology</a>, the observation of unusual phenomena, identification of <a href="/wiki/Omen" title="Omen">portents</a> and the selection of auspicious days for events and decisions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunKistemaker199722,_85,_176-109">[109]</a> The constellations of the Zodiac of western Asia and Europe were not used; instead the sky is divided into <a href="/wiki/Chinese_constellations" title="Chinese constellations">Three Enclosures</a> (三垣 sān yuán), and <a href="/wiki/Twenty-Eight_Mansions" title="Twenty-Eight Mansions">Twenty-Eight Mansions</a> (二十八宿 èrshíbā xiù) in twelve Ci (<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%87%8E" class="extiw" title="zh:分野">十二次</a>).<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> The Chinese zodiac of twelve <a href="/wiki/Astrological_sign#Chinese_zodiac_signs" title="Astrological sign">animal signs</a> is said to represent twelve different types of <a href="/wiki/Personality" title="Personality">personality</a>. It is based on cycles of years, lunar months, and two-hour periods of the day (the shichen). The zodiac traditionally begins with the sign of the <a href="/wiki/Rat_(zodiac)" title="Rat (zodiac)">Rat</a>, and the cycle proceeds through 11 other animal signs: the <a href="/wiki/Ox_(zodiac)" title="Ox (zodiac)">Ox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiger_(zodiac)" title="Tiger (zodiac)">Tiger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rabbit_(zodiac)" title="Rabbit (zodiac)">Rabbit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dragon_(zodiac)" title="Dragon (zodiac)">Dragon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snake_(zodiac)" title="Snake (zodiac)">Snake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horse_(zodiac)" title="Horse (zodiac)">Horse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goat_(zodiac)" title="Goat (zodiac)">Goat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monkey_(zodiac)" title="Monkey (zodiac)">Monkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rooster_(zodiac)" title="Rooster (zodiac)">Rooster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dog_(zodiac)" title="Dog (zodiac)">Dog</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pig_(zodiac)" title="Pig (zodiac)">Pig</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Complex systems of predicting fate and destiny based on one's birthday, birth season, and birth hours, such as ziping and <a href="/wiki/Zi_wei_dou_shu" class="mw-redirect" title="Zi wei dou shu">Zi Wei Dou Shu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 紫微斗数; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 紫微斗數; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: zǐwēidǒushù) are still used regularly in modern-day Chinese astrology. They do not rely on direct observations of the stars.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Korean_zodiac" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean zodiac">Korean zodiac</a> is identical to the Chinese one. The <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_zodiac" title="Vietnamese zodiac">Vietnamese zodiac</a> is almost identical to the Chinese, except for second animal being the <a href="/wiki/Water_buffalo_(zodiac)" title="Water buffalo (zodiac)">Water Buffalo</a> instead of the <a href="/wiki/Ox_(zodiac)" title="Ox (zodiac)">Ox</a>, and the fourth animal the <a href="/wiki/Cat_(zodiac)" title="Cat (zodiac)">Cat</a> instead of the <a href="/wiki/Rabbit_(zodiac)" title="Rabbit (zodiac)">Rabbit</a>. The Japanese have since 1873 celebrated the beginning of the new year on 1 January as per the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a>. The Thai zodiac begins, not at <a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a>, but either on the first day of the fifth month in the <a href="/wiki/Thai_lunar_calendar" title="Thai lunar calendar">Thai lunar calendar</a>, or during the <a href="/wiki/Songkran_(Thailand)" title="Songkran (Thailand)">Songkran</a> festival (now celebrated every 13–15 April), depending on the purpose of the use.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theological_viewpoints">Theological viewpoints</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_astrology" title="Christian views on astrology">Christian views on astrology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_astrology" title="Jewish views on astrology">Jewish views on astrology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Muslim_views_on_astrology" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim views on astrology">Muslim views on astrology</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-POV plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-POV" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutrality</a> of this section is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NPOV_dispute" title="Wikipedia:NPOV dispute">disputed</a>. Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Astrology##" title="Talk:Astrology">talk page</a>. Please do not remove this message until <a href="/wiki/Template:POV#When_to_remove" title="Template:POV">conditions to do so are met</a>. (August 2023) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient">Ancient</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine</a> (354–430) believed that the determinism of astrology conflicted with the Christian doctrines of man's free will and responsibility, and God not being the cause of evil,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeenstra1997184–185-114">[114]</a> but he also grounded his opposition philosophically, citing the failure of astrology to explain twins who behave differently although conceived at the same moment and born at approximately the same time.<a href="#cite_note-Hess-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval">Medieval</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Avicenna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Avicenna.jpg/170px-Avicenna.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Avicenna.jpg/255px-Avicenna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Avicenna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="301" data-file-height="467" /></a><figcaption>A drawing of <a href="/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna">Avicenna</a></figcaption></figure> Some of the practices of astrology were contested on theological grounds by medieval Muslim astronomers such as <a href="/wiki/Al-Farabi" title="Al-Farabi">Al-Farabi</a> (Alpharabius), <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Haytham" title="Ibn al-Haytham">Ibn al-Haytham</a> (Alhazen) and <a href="/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna">Avicenna</a>. They said that the methods of astrologers conflicted with orthodox religious views of <a href="/wiki/Ulema" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulema">Islamic scholars</a>, by suggesting that the Will of God can be known and predicted.<a href="#cite_note-Saliba-116">[116]</a> For example, Avicenna's 'Refutation against astrology', Risāla fī ibṭāl aḥkām al-nojūm, argues against the practice of astrology while supporting the principle that planets may act as agents of divine causation. Avicenna considered that the movement of the planets influenced life on earth in a deterministic way, but argued against the possibility of determining the exact influence of the stars.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> Essentially, Avicenna did not deny the core dogma of astrology, but denied our ability to understand it to the extent that precise and fatalistic predictions could be made from it.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Qayyim_al-Jawziyya" title="Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya">Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya</a> (1292–1350), in his Miftah Dar al-SaCadah, also used <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physical</a> arguments in astronomy to question the practice of judicial astrology.<a href="#cite_note-Livingston-119">[119]</a> He recognised that the <a href="/wiki/Star" title="Star">stars</a> are much larger than the <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planets</a>, and argued: <blockquote>And if you astrologers answer that it is precisely because of this distance and smallness that their influences are negligible, then why is it that you claim a great influence for the smallest heavenly body, Mercury? Why is it that you have given an influence to al-Ra's [the head] and al-Dhanab [the tail], which are two imaginary points <a href="/wiki/Orbital_nodes" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbital nodes">[ascending and descending nodes]</a>?<a href="#cite_note-Livingston-119">[119]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern">Modern</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Martin_Luther_by_Cranach-restoration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Martin_Luther_by_Cranach-restoration.jpg/170px-Martin_Luther_by_Cranach-restoration.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Martin_Luther_by_Cranach-restoration.jpg/255px-Martin_Luther_by_Cranach-restoration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Martin_Luther_by_Cranach-restoration.jpg/340px-Martin_Luther_by_Cranach-restoration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="645" /></a><figcaption>Martin Luther</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> denounced astrology in his <a href="/wiki/Table_Talk_(Luther)" title="Table Talk (Luther)">Table Talk</a>. He asked why twins like <a href="/wiki/Jacob_and_Esau" title="Jacob and Esau">Esau and Jacob</a> had two different natures yet were born at the same time. Luther also compared astrologers to those who say their dice will always land on a certain number. Although the dice may roll on the number a couple of times, the predictor is silent for all the times the dice fails to land on that number.<a href="#cite_note-TableTalkBook-120">[120]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">What is done by God, ought not to be ascribed to the stars. The upright and true Christian religion opposes and confutes all such fables.<a href="#cite_note-TableTalkBook-120">[120]</a><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Martin Luther, Table Talk</cite></div></blockquote> The <a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catechism of the Catholic Church</a> maintains that divination, including predictive astrology, is incompatible with modern <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholic</a> beliefs<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> such as free will:<a href="#cite_note-Hess-115">[115]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">All forms of divination are to be rejected: recourse to Satan or demons, conjuring up the dead or other practices falsely supposed to "unveil" the future. Consulting horoscopes, astrology, palm reading, interpretation of omens and lots, the phenomena of clairvoyance, and recourse to mediums all conceal a desire for power over time, history, and, in the last analysis, other human beings, as well as a wish to conciliate hidden powers. They contradict the honor, respect, and loving fear that we owe to God alone.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Catechism of the Catholic Church</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scientific_analysis_and_criticism">Scientific analysis and criticism</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Astrology_and_science" title="Astrology and science">Astrology and science</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Paranormal" title="Category:Paranormal">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%;padding:0 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Paranormal" title="Paranormal">Paranormal</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#ebebeb;;color: var(--color-base)">Main articles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astral_projection" title="Astral projection">Astral projection</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aura_(paranormal)" title="Aura (paranormal)">Aura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilocation" title="Bilocation">Bilocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inedia" title="Inedia">Breatharianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clairvoyance" title="Clairvoyance">Clairvoyance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close_encounter" title="Close encounter">Close encounter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_spot_(paranormal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold spot (paranormal)">Cold spot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_gazing" title="Crystal gazing">Crystal gazing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evocation" title="Evocation">Conjuration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptozoology" title="Cryptozoology">Cryptozoology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_possession" title="Spirit possession">Demonic possession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demonology" title="Demonology">Demonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doppelg%C3%A4nger" title="Doppelgänger">Doppelgänger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ectoplasm_(paranormal)" title="Ectoplasm (paranormal)">Ectoplasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_voice_phenomenon" title="Electronic voice phenomenon">Electronic voice phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcism" title="Exorcism">Exorcism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrasensory_perception" title="Extrasensory perception">Extrasensory perception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forteana" class="mw-redirect" title="Forteana">Forteana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortune-telling" title="Fortune-telling">Fortune-telling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_hunting" title="Ghost hunting">Ghost hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations" title="List of reportedly haunted locations">Haunted locations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations_in_India" title="List of reportedly haunted locations in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reportedly_haunted_locations_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Reportedly haunted locations in the United Kingdom">UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations_in_the_United_States" title="List of reportedly haunted locations in the United States">US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_(supernatural)" title="Magic (supernatural)">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediumship" title="Mediumship">Mediumship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle" title="Miracle">Miracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occult" title="Occult">Occult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orb_(optics)#Paranormal_claims" class="mw-redirect" title="Orb (optics)">Orb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouija" title="Ouija">Ouija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_fiction" title="Paranormal fiction">Paranormal fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_television" title="Paranormal television">Paranormal television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precognition" title="Precognition">Precognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preternatural" title="Preternatural">Preternatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychic" title="Psychic">Psychic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychic_reading" title="Psychic reading">Psychic reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychometry_(paranormal)" title="Psychometry (paranormal)">Psychometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reincarnation" title="Reincarnation">Reincarnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_viewing" title="Remote viewing">Remote viewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrocognition" title="Retrocognition">Retrocognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_photography" title="Spirit photography">Spirit photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_possession" title="Spirit possession">Spirit possession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_world_(Spiritualism)" title="Spirit world (Spiritualism)">Spirit world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(beliefs)" title="Spiritualism (beliefs)">Spiritualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Tape" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone Tape">Stone Tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural" title="Supernatural">Supernatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telekinesis" title="Telekinesis">Telekinesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telepathy" title="Telepathy">Telepathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table-turning" title="Table-turning">Table-turning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ufology" title="Ufology">Ufology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#ebebeb;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Skepticism" title="Skepticism">Skepticism</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold_reading" title="Cold reading">Cold reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">Committee for Skeptical Inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debunker" title="Debunker">Debunking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoax" title="Hoax">Hoax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Randi_Educational_Foundation" title="James Randi Educational Foundation">James Randi Educational Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_thinking" title="Magical thinking">Magical thinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prizes_for_evidence_of_the_paranormal" title="List of prizes for evidence of the paranormal">Prizes for evidence of the paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoskepticism" title="Pseudoskepticism">Pseudoskepticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_literacy" title="Scientific literacy">Scientific literacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_skepticism" title="Scientific skepticism">Scientific skepticism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#ebebeb;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">Parapsychology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anomalous_experiences" title="Anomalous experiences">Anomalous experiences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apparitional_experience" title="Apparitional experience">Apparitional experiences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empath" title="Empath">Empath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_awakening" title="False awakening">False awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnosis" title="Hypnosis">Hypnosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideomotor_phenomenon" title="Ideomotor phenomenon">Ideomotor phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out-of-body_experience" title="Out-of-body experience">Out-of-body experiences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">Parapsychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronicity" title="Synchronicity">Synchronicity</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#ebebeb;;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anomalistics" title="Anomalistics">Anomalistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argument_from_ignorance" title="Argument from ignorance">Argument from ignorance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argumentum_ad_populum" title="Argumentum ad populum">Argumentum ad populum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandwagon_effect" title="Bandwagon effect">Bandwagon effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begging_the_question" title="Begging the question">Begging the question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_dissonance" title="Cognitive dissonance">Cognitive dissonance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communal_reinforcement" title="Communal reinforcement">Communal reinforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallacy" title="Fallacy">Fallacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falsifiability" title="Falsifiability">Falsifiability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fringe_science" title="Fringe science">Fringe science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groupthink" title="Groupthink">Groupthink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnosis" title="Hypnosis">Hypnosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junk_science" title="Junk science">Junk science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protoscience" title="Protoscience">Protoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">Pseudoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_evidence" title="Scientific evidence">Scientific evidence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_method" title="Scientific method">Scientific method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstition" title="Superstition">Superstition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncertainty" title="Uncertainty">Uncertainty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_legend" title="Urban legend">Urban legend</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Paranormal" title="Template:Paranormal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Paranormal" title="Template talk:Paranormal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Paranormal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Paranormal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karl_Popper.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Karl_Popper.jpg/170px-Karl_Popper.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Karl_Popper.jpg/255px-Karl_Popper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Karl_Popper.jpg/340px-Karl_Popper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="769" /></a><figcaption>Popper proposed falsifiability as something that distinguishes science from non-science, using astrology as the example of an idea that has not dealt with falsification during experiment.</figcaption></figure> The scientific community rejects astrology as having no explanatory power for describing the universe, and considers it a <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">pseudoscience</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SandPSandAstroSoc-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-astrosociety.org-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Scientific testing of astrology has been conducted, and no evidence has been found to support any of the premises or purported effects outlined in astrological traditions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZarka2011424-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> There is no proposed <a href="/wiki/Scientific_modelling" title="Scientific modelling">mechanism of action</a> by which the positions and motions of stars and planets could affect people and events on Earth that does not contradict basic and well understood aspects of biology and physics.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBiswasMallikVishveshwara1989249-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-AsquithNSF-17">[17]</a> Those who have faith in astrology have been characterised by scientists including Bart J. Bok as doing so "...in spite of the fact that there is no verified scientific basis for their beliefs, and indeed that there is strong evidence to the contrary".<a href="#cite_note-Humanist-129">[129]</a> <a href="/wiki/Confirmation_bias" title="Confirmation bias">Confirmation bias</a> is a form of <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_bias" title="Cognitive bias">cognitive bias</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychological</a> factor that contributes to belief in astrology.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENickerson1998180–181-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEysenckNias198242–48-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[a]</a> Astrology believers tend to selectively remember predictions that turn out to be true, and do not remember those that turn out false. Another, separate, form of confirmation bias also plays a role, where believers often fail to distinguish between messages that demonstrate special ability and those that do not.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENickerson1998180–181-131">[131]</a> Thus there are two distinct forms of confirmation bias that are under study with respect to astrological belief.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENickerson1998180–181-131">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demarcation">Demarcation</h3></div> Under the criterion of <a href="/wiki/Falsifiability" title="Falsifiability">falsifiability</a>, first proposed by the <a href="/wiki/Philosopher_of_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosopher of science">philosopher of science</a> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Karl Popper</a>, astrology is a pseudoscience.<a href="#cite_note-PopperStanford-135">[134]</a> Popper regarded astrology as "pseudo-empirical" in that "it appeals to observation and experiment," but "nevertheless does not come up to scientific standards."<a href="#cite_note-Popper-136">[135]</a> In contrast to scientific disciplines, astrology has not responded to falsification through experiment.<a href="#cite_note-Cogan-137">[136]</a>: 206  In contrast to Popper, the philosopher <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kuhn" title="Thomas Kuhn">Thomas Kuhn</a> argued that it was not lack of falsifiability that makes astrology unscientific, but rather that the process and concepts of astrology are non-empirical.<a href="#cite_note-Wright-138">[137]</a>: 401  Kuhn thought that, though astrologers had, historically, made predictions that categorically failed, this in itself does not make astrology unscientific, nor do attempts by astrologers to explain away failures by saying that creating a horoscope is very difficult. Rather, in Kuhn's eyes, astrology is not science because it was always more akin to <a href="/wiki/Medieval_medicine_of_Western_Europe" title="Medieval medicine of Western Europe">medieval medicine</a>; astrologers followed a sequence of rules and guidelines for a seemingly necessary field with known shortcomings, but they did no research because the fields are not amenable to research,<a href="#cite_note-Kuhn-139">[138]</a>: 8  and so "they had no puzzles to solve and therefore no science to practise."<a href="#cite_note-Wright-138">[137]</a>: 401,  <a href="#cite_note-Kuhn-139">[138]</a>: 8  While an astronomer could correct for failure, an astrologer could not. An astrologer could only explain away failure but could not revise the astrological <a href="/wiki/Hypothesis" title="Hypothesis">hypothesis</a> in a meaningful way. As such, to Kuhn, even if the stars could influence the path of humans through life, astrology is not scientific.<a href="#cite_note-Kuhn-139">[138]</a>: 8  The philosopher <a href="/wiki/Paul_Thagard" title="Paul Thagard">Paul Thagard</a> asserts that astrology cannot be regarded as falsified in this sense until it has been replaced with a successor. In the case of predicting behaviour, psychology is the alternative.<a href="#cite_note-Thagard-6">[6]</a>: 228  To Thagard a further criterion of demarcation of science from pseudoscience is that the state-of-the-art must progress and that the community of researchers should be attempting to compare the current theory to alternatives, and not be "selective in considering confirmations and disconfirmations."<a href="#cite_note-Thagard-6">[6]</a>: 227–228  Progress is defined here as explaining new phenomena and solving existing problems, yet astrology has failed to progress having only changed little in nearly 2000 years.<a href="#cite_note-Thagard-6">[6]</a>: 228 <a href="#cite_note-Hurley-140">[139]</a>: 549  To Thagard, astrologers are acting as though engaged in <a href="/wiki/Normal_science" title="Normal science">normal science</a> believing that the foundations of astrology were well established despite the "many unsolved problems", and in the face of better alternative theories (psychology). For these reasons Thagard views astrology as pseudoscience.<a href="#cite_note-Thagard-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hurley-140">[139]</a>: 228  For the philosopher Edward W. James, astrology is irrational not because of the numerous problems with mechanisms and falsification due to experiments, but because an analysis of the astrological literature shows that it is infused with fallacious logic and poor reasoning.<a href="#cite_note-EdwardJ-141">[140]</a>: 34  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">What if throughout astrological writings we meet little appreciation of coherence, blatant insensitivity to evidence, no sense of a hierarchy of reasons, slight command over the contextual force of critieria, stubborn unwillingness to pursue an argument where it leads, stark naivete concerning the efficacy of explanation and so on? In that case, I think, we are perfectly justified in rejecting astrology as irrational. ... Astrology simply fails to meet the multifarious demands of legitimate reasoning.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Edward W. James<a href="#cite_note-EdwardJ-141">[140]</a>: 34 </cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Effectiveness">Effectiveness</h3></div> Astrology has not demonstrated its effectiveness in <a href="/wiki/Experiment" title="Experiment">controlled studies</a> and has no scientific validity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennett200785-142">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZarka2011-19">[19]</a> Where it has made <a href="/wiki/Falsifiable" class="mw-redirect" title="Falsifiable">falsifiable</a> predictions under <a href="/wiki/Scientific_control" title="Scientific control">controlled conditions</a>, they have been falsified.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZarka2011424-126">[126]</a> One famous experiment included 28 astrologers who were asked to match over a hundred natal charts to psychological profiles generated by the <a href="/wiki/California_Psychological_Inventory" title="California Psychological Inventory">California Psychological Inventory</a> (CPI) questionnaire.<a href="#cite_note-Muller-143">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-CritThink-144">[143]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Blind_experiment#Double-blind_trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Blind experiment">double-blind</a> experimental protocol used in this study was agreed upon by a group of physicists and a group of astrologers<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZarka2011-19">[19]</a> nominated by the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_for_Geocosmic_Research" title="National Council for Geocosmic Research">National Council for Geocosmic Research</a>, who advised the experimenters, helped ensure that the test was fair<a href="#cite_note-Carlson-18">[18]</a>: 420,  <a href="#cite_note-CritThink-144">[143]</a>: 117  and helped draw the central proposition of <a href="/wiki/Natal_astrology" title="Natal astrology">natal astrology</a> to be tested.<a href="#cite_note-Carlson-18">[18]</a>: 419  They also chose 26 out of the 28 astrologers for the tests (two more volunteered afterwards).<a href="#cite_note-Carlson-18">[18]</a>: 420  The study, published in <a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a> in 1985, found that predictions based on natal astrology were no better than chance, and that the testing "...clearly refutes the astrological hypothesis."<a href="#cite_note-Carlson-18">[18]</a> In 1955, the astrologer and psychologist Michel Gauquelin stated that though he had failed to find evidence that supported indicators like <a href="/wiki/Astrological_signs" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrological signs">zodiacal signs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Astrological_aspects" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrological aspects">planetary aspects</a> in astrology, he did find positive correlations between the <a href="/wiki/Diurnal_motion" title="Diurnal motion">diurnal positions</a> of some <a href="/wiki/Planets_in_astrology" title="Planets in astrology">planets</a> and success in professions that astrology traditionally associates with those planets.<a href="#cite_note-Pont-145">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gauquelin-1955-146">[145]</a> The best-known of Gauquelin's findings is based on the positions of Mars in the <a href="/wiki/Natal_chart" class="mw-redirect" title="Natal chart">natal charts</a> of successful athletes and became known as the <a href="/wiki/Mars_effect" title="Mars effect">Mars effect</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Carroll-147">[146]</a>: 213  A study conducted by seven French scientists attempted to replicate the claim, but found no statistical evidence.<a href="#cite_note-Carroll-147">[146]</a>: 213–214  They attributed the effect to selective bias on Gauquelin's part, accusing him of attempting to persuade them to add or delete names from their study.<a href="#cite_note-Benski-148">[147]</a> Geoffrey Dean has suggested that the effect may be caused by self-reporting of birth dates by parents rather than any issue with the study by Gauquelin. The suggestion is that a small subset of the parents may have had changed birth times to be consistent with better astrological charts for a related profession. The number of births under astrologically undesirable conditions was also lower, indicating that parents choose dates and times to suit their beliefs. The sample group was taken from a time where belief in astrology was more common. Gauquelin had failed to find the Mars effect in more recent populations, where a nurse or doctor recorded the birth information.<a href="#cite_note-CritThink-144">[143]</a>: 116  Dean, a scientist and former astrologer, and psychologist Ivan Kelly conducted a large scale scientific test that involved more than one hundred <a href="/wiki/Cognitive" class="mw-redirect" title="Cognitive">cognitive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Behavioural" class="mw-redirect" title="Behavioural">behavioural</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">physical</a>, and other variables—but found no support for astrology.<a href="#cite_note-FailToPredict-149">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-Geoffrey-150">[149]</a> Furthermore, a <a href="/wiki/Meta-analysis" title="Meta-analysis">meta-analysis</a> pooled 40 studies that involved 700 astrologers and over 1,000 birth charts. Ten of the tests—which involved 300 participants—had the astrologers pick the correct chart interpretation out of a number of others that were not the astrologically correct chart interpretation (usually three to five others). When date and other obvious clues were removed, no significant results suggested there was any preferred chart.<a href="#cite_note-Geoffrey-150">[149]</a>: 190  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lack_of_mechanisms_and_consistency">Lack of mechanisms and consistency</h3></div> Testing the validity of astrology can be difficult, because there is no consensus amongst astrologers as to what astrology is or what it can predict.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennett200783-9">[9]</a> Most professional astrologers are paid to predict the future or describe a person's personality and life, but most horoscopes only make vague untestable statements that can apply to almost anyone.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennett2007-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEysenckNias198283-151">[150]</a> Many astrologers believe that astrology is scientific,<a href="#cite_note-ChrisFrench-152">[151]</a> while some have proposed conventional <a href="/wiki/Causality" title="Causality">causal agents</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetism" title="Electromagnetism">electromagnetism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gravity" title="Gravity">gravity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ChrisFrench-152">[151]</a> Scientists reject these mechanisms as implausible<a href="#cite_note-ChrisFrench-152">[151]</a> since, for example, the magnetic field, when measured from Earth, of a large but distant planet such as Jupiter is far smaller than that produced by ordinary household appliances.<a href="#cite_note-Shermer-153">[152]</a> Western astrology has taken the earth's <a href="/wiki/Precession#Axial_precession_(precession_of_the_equinoxes)" title="Precession">axial precession (also called precession of the equinoxes)</a> into account since Ptolemy's <a href="/wiki/Almagest" title="Almagest">Almagest</a>, so the "first point of Aries", the start of the astrological year, continually moves against the background of the stars.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETester1999161-154">[153]</a> The tropical zodiac has no connection to the stars; tropical astrologers distinguish the constellations from their historically associated <a href="/wiki/Astrological_sign" title="Astrological sign">sign</a>, thereby avoiding complications involving precession.<a href="#cite_note-Charpak-155">[154]</a> Charpak and Broch, noting this, referred to astrology based on the tropical zodiac as being "...empty boxes that have nothing to do with anything and are devoid of any consistency or correspondence with the stars."<a href="#cite_note-Charpak-155">[154]</a> Sole use of the tropical zodiac is inconsistent with references made, by the same astrologers, to the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Aquarius" title="Age of Aquarius">Age of Aquarius</a>, which depends on when the vernal point enters the constellation of Aquarius.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZarka2011-19">[19]</a> Astrologers usually have only a small knowledge of astronomy, and often do not take into account basic principles—such as the precession of the equinoxes, which changes the position of the sun with time. They commented on the example of <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lizabeth_Teissier" title="Élizabeth Teissier">Élizabeth Teissier</a>, who wrote that, "The sun ends up in the same place in the sky on the same date each year", as the basis for the idea that two people with the same birthday, but a number of years apart, should be under the same planetary influence. Charpak and Broch noted that, "There is a difference of about twenty-two thousand miles between Earth's location on any specific date in two successive years", and that thus they should not be under the same influence according to astrology. Over a 40-year period there would be a difference greater than 780,000 miles.<a href="#cite_note-Charpak-155">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reception_in_the_social_sciences">Reception in the social sciences</h3></div> The general consensus of astronomers and other natural scientists is that astrology is a pseudoscience which carries no predictive capability, with many philosophers of science considering it a "paradigm or prime example of pseudoscience."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrim199015-156">[155]</a> Some scholars in the social sciences have cautioned against categorizing astrology, especially ancient astrology, as "just" a pseudoscience or projecting the distinction backwards into the past.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck2007-157">[156]</a> Thagard, while demarcating it as a pseudoscience, notes that astrology "should be judged as not pseudoscientific in classical or Renaissance times...Only when the historical and social aspects of science are neglected does it become plausible that pseudoscience is an unchanging category."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThagard1978-158">[157]</a> Historians of science such as Tamsyn Barton, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Beck" title="Roger Beck">Roger Beck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francesca_Rochberg" title="Francesca Rochberg">Francesca Rochberg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wouter_J._Hanegraaff" class="mw-redirect" title="Wouter J. Hanegraaff">Wouter J. Hanegraaff</a> argue that such a wholesale description is anachronistic when applied to historical contexts, stressing that astrology was not pseudoscience before the 18th century and the importance of the discipline to the development of medieval science.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarton1994-159">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanegraaff2012-160">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck2007-157">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERochberg2018-161">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-Taub_1997_pp._74–87-162">[161]</a> R. J. Hakinson writes in the context of <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_astrology" title="Hellenistic astrology">Hellenistic astrology</a> that "the belief in the possibility of [astrology] was, at least some of the time, the result of careful reflection on the nature and structure of the universe."<a href="#cite_note-Hankinson_1988_p.-163">[162]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Campion" title="Nicholas Campion">Nicholas Campion</a>, both an astrologer and academic historian of astrology, argues that <a href="/wiki/Cultural_astronomy" title="Cultural astronomy">Indigenous astronomy</a> is largely used as a synonym for astrology in academia, and that modern Indian and Western astrology are better understood as modes of cultural astronomy or <a href="/wiki/Ethnoastronomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnoastronomy">ethnoastronomy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampion2014-164">[163]</a> Roy Willis and <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Curry" title="Patrick Curry">Patrick Curry</a> draw a distinction between propositional <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%90%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B7" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:ἐπιστήμη">episteme</a> and metaphoric <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BC%E1%BF%86%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%82" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:μῆτις">metis</a> in the ancient world, identifying astrology with the latter and noting that the central concern of astrology "is not knowledge (factual, let alone scientific) but wisdom (ethical, spiritual and pragmatic)".<a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a> Similarly, historian of science Justin Niermeier-Dohoney writes that astrology was "more than simply a science of prediction using the stars and comprised a vast body of beliefs, knowledge, and practices with the overarching theme of understanding the relationship between humanity and the rest of the cosmos through an interpretation of stellar, solar, lunar, and planetary movement." Scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Assyriologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyriologist">Assyriologist</a> Matthew Rutz have begun using the term "astral knowledge" rather than astrology "to better describe a category of beliefs and practices much broader than the term 'astrology' can capture."<a href="#cite_note-Niermeier-Dohoney_2021_p=117-166">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-Astral_Knowledge_in_an_International_Age:_Transmission_of_the_Cuneiform_Tradition,_ca._1500–1000_B.C._2016_pp._18–54-167">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_impact">Cultural impact</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Western_politics_and_society">Western politics and society</h3></div> In the West, political leaders have sometimes consulted astrologers. For example, the British intelligence agency <a href="/wiki/MI5" title="MI5">MI5</a> employed <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Wohl" title="Louis de Wohl">Louis de Wohl</a> as an astrologer after it was reported that <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> used astrology to time his actions. The War Office was "...interested to know what Hitler's own astrologers would be telling him from week to week."<a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a> In fact, de Wohl's predictions were so inaccurate that he was soon labelled a "complete charlatan", and later evidence showed that Hitler considered astrology "complete nonsense".<a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a> After <a href="/wiki/John_Hinckley" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hinckley">John Hinckley's</a> <a href="/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan">attempted assassination</a> of US President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>, first lady <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan">Nancy Reagan</a> commissioned astrologer <a href="/wiki/Joan_Quigley" title="Joan Quigley">Joan Quigley</a> to act as the secret White House astrologer. However, Quigley's role ended in 1988 when it became public through the memoirs of former chief of staff, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Regan" title="Donald Regan">Donald Regan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a> There was a boom in interest in astrology in the late 1960s. The sociologist <a href="/wiki/Marcello_Truzzi" title="Marcello Truzzi">Marcello Truzzi</a> described three levels of involvement of "Astrology-believers" to account for its revived popularity in the face of scientific discrediting. He found that most astrology-believers did not think that it was a scientific explanation with predictive power. Instead, those superficially involved, knowing "next to nothing" about astrology's 'mechanics', read newspaper astrology columns, and could benefit from "tension-management of anxieties" and "a cognitive belief-system that transcends science."<a href="#cite_note-Truzzi-173">[172]</a> Those at the second level usually had their horoscopes cast and sought advice and predictions. They were much younger than those at the first level, and could benefit from knowledge of the language of astrology and the resulting ability to belong to a coherent and exclusive group. Those at the third level were highly involved and usually cast horoscopes for themselves. Astrology provided this small minority of astrology-believers with a "meaningful view of their universe and [gave] them an understanding of their place in it."<a href="#cite_note-174">[b]</a> This third group took astrology seriously, possibly as an overarching religious worldview (a sacred canopy, in <a href="/wiki/Peter_L._Berger" title="Peter L. Berger">Peter L. Berger</a>'s phrase), whereas the other two groups took it playfully and irreverently.<a href="#cite_note-Truzzi-173">[172]</a> In 1953, the sociologist <a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._Adorno" title="Theodor W. Adorno">Theodor W. Adorno</a> conducted a study of the astrology column of a Los Angeles newspaper as part of a project examining mass culture in capitalist society.<a href="#cite_note-Nederman-175">[173]</a>: 326  Adorno believed that popular astrology, as a device, invariably leads to statements that encouraged conformity—and that astrologers who go against conformity, by discouraging performance at work etc., risk losing their jobs.<a href="#cite_note-Nederman-175">[173]</a>: 327  Adorno concluded that astrology is a large-scale manifestation of systematic <a href="/wiki/Irrationalism" title="Irrationalism">irrationalism</a>, where individuals are subtly led—through flattery and vague generalisations—to believe that the author of the column is addressing them directly.<a href="#cite_note-Adorno-176">[174]</a> Adorno drew a parallel with the phrase <a href="/wiki/Opium_of_the_people" title="Opium of the people">opium of the people</a>, by Karl Marx, by commenting, "occultism is the metaphysic of the dopes."<a href="#cite_note-Nederman-175">[173]</a>: 329  A 2005 <a href="/wiki/Gallup_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup (company)">Gallup</a> poll and a 2009 survey by the <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> reported that 25% of US adults believe in astrology,<a href="#cite_note-177">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[176]</a> while a 2018 Pew survey found a figure of 29%.<a href="#cite_note-179">[177]</a> According to data released in the <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation's</a> 2014 Science and Engineering Indicators study, "Fewer Americans rejected astrology in 2012 than in recent years."<a href="#cite_note-NSF-180">[178]</a> The NSF study noted that in 2012, "slightly more than half of Americans said that astrology was 'not at all scientific,' whereas nearly two-thirds gave this response in 2010. The comparable percentage has not been this low since 1983."<a href="#cite_note-NSF-180">[178]</a> Astrology <a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">apps</a> became popular in the late 2010s, some receiving millions of dollars in <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a> <a href="/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">venture capital</a>.<a href="#cite_note-181">[179]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India_and_Japan">India and Japan</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bdrates_of_Japan_since_1950.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bdrates_of_Japan_since_1950.svg/220px-Bdrates_of_Japan_since_1950.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bdrates_of_Japan_since_1950.svg/330px-Bdrates_of_Japan_since_1950.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bdrates_of_Japan_since_1950.svg/440px-Bdrates_of_Japan_since_1950.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="320" /></a><figcaption>Birth (in blue) and death (in red) rates of Japan since 1950, with the sudden drop in births during hinoeuma year (1966)</figcaption></figure> In India, there is a long-established and widespread belief in astrology. It is commonly used for daily life, particularly in matters concerning marriage and career, and makes extensive use of <a href="/wiki/Electional_astrology" title="Electional astrology">electional</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horary_astrology" title="Horary astrology">horary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karmic_astrology" title="Karmic astrology">karmic astrology</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wideind-182">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-fof-183">[181]</a> Indian politics have also been influenced by astrology.<a href="#cite_note-184">[182]</a> It is still considered a branch of the <a href="/wiki/Vedanga" title="Vedanga">Vedanga</a>.<a href="#cite_note-185">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[184]</a> In 2001, Indian scientists and politicians debated and critiqued a proposal to use state money to fund research into astrology,<a href="#cite_note-BBC_India-187">[185]</a> resulting in permission for <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_India" title="List of universities in India">Indian universities</a> to offer courses in Vedic astrology.<a href="#cite_note-UGC-188">[186]</a> In February 2011, the <a href="/wiki/Bombay_High_Court" title="Bombay High Court">Bombay High Court</a> reaffirmed astrology's standing in India when it dismissed a case that challenged its status as a science.<a href="#cite_note-189">[187]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, strong belief in astrology has led to dramatic changes in the fertility rate and the number of abortions in the years of <a href="/wiki/Fire_(wuxing)" title="Fire (wuxing)">Fire</a> <a href="/wiki/Horse_(zodiac)" title="Horse (zodiac)">Horse</a>. Adherents believe that women born in <a href="/wiki/Bingwu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bingwu">hinoeuma</a> years are unmarriageable and bring bad luck to their father or husband. In 1966, the number of babies born in Japan dropped by over 25% as parents tried to avoid the stigma of having a daughter born in the hinoeuma year.<a href="#cite_note-190">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature_and_music">Literature and music</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Woman_in_the_Moon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Woman_in_the_Moon.jpg/170px-Woman_in_the_Moon.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Woman_in_the_Moon.jpg/255px-Woman_in_the_Moon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Woman_in_the_Moon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="284" data-file-height="456" /></a><figcaption>Title page of <a href="/wiki/John_Lyly" title="John Lyly">John Lyly's</a> astrological play, The Woman in the Moon, 1597</figcaption></figure> The fourteenth-century English poets <a href="/wiki/John_Gower" title="John Gower">John Gower</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Geoffrey Chaucer</a> both referred to astrology in their works, including Gower's <a href="/wiki/Confessio_Amantis" title="Confessio Amantis">Confessio Amantis</a> and Chaucer's <a href="/wiki/The_Canterbury_Tales" title="The Canterbury Tales">The Canterbury Tales</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Wedel-192">[190]</a> Chaucer commented explicitly on astrology in his Treatise on the Astrolabe, demonstrating personal knowledge of one area, judicial astrology, with an account of how to find the ascendant or rising sign.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWood197012–21-193">[191]</a> In the fifteenth century, references to astrology, such as with <a href="/wiki/Simile" title="Simile">similes</a>, became "a matter of course" in English literature.<a href="#cite_note-Wedel-192">[190]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Astrologo_Fingido_Calderon_de_la_Barca_title_page_1641.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Astrologo_Fingido_Calderon_de_la_Barca_title_page_1641.jpg/170px-Astrologo_Fingido_Calderon_de_la_Barca_title_page_1641.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Astrologo_Fingido_Calderon_de_la_Barca_title_page_1641.jpg/255px-Astrologo_Fingido_Calderon_de_la_Barca_title_page_1641.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Astrologo_Fingido_Calderon_de_la_Barca_title_page_1641.jpg/340px-Astrologo_Fingido_Calderon_de_la_Barca_title_page_1641.jpg 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="825" /></a><figcaption>Title page of <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca">Calderón de la Barca</a>'s Astrologo Fingido, Madrid, 1641</figcaption></figure> In the sixteenth century, John Lyly's 1597 play, The Woman in the Moon, is wholly motivated by astrology,<a href="#cite_note-DeLacy-194">[192]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Marlowe" title="Christopher Marlowe">Christopher Marlowe</a> makes astrological references in his plays <a href="/wiki/Doctor_Faustus_(play)" title="Doctor Faustus (play)">Doctor Faustus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tamburlaine" title="Tamburlaine">Tamburlaine</a> (both c. 1590),<a href="#cite_note-DeLacy-194">[192]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sir_Philip_Sidney" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Philip Sidney">Sir Philip Sidney</a> refers to astrology at least four times in his <a href="/wiki/Romance_(heroic_literature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Romance (heroic literature)">romance</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Countess_of_Pembroke%27s_Arcadia" title="The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia">The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia</a> (c. 1580).<a href="#cite_note-DeLacy-194">[192]</a> <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Spenser" title="Edmund Spenser">Edmund Spenser</a> uses astrology both decoratively and causally in his poetry, revealing "...unmistakably an abiding interest in the art, an interest shared by a large number of his contemporaries."<a href="#cite_note-DeLacy-194">[192]</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Chapman" title="George Chapman">George Chapman's</a> play, <a href="/wiki/The_Conspiracy_and_Tragedy_of_Charles,_Duke_of_Byron" title="The Conspiracy and Tragedy of Charles, Duke of Byron">Byron's Conspiracy</a> (1608), similarly uses astrology as a causal mechanism in the drama.<a href="#cite_note-Camden-195">[193]</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare's</a> attitude towards astrology is unclear, with contradictory references in plays including <a href="/wiki/King_Lear" title="King Lear">King Lear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antony_and_Cleopatra" title="Antony and Cleopatra">Antony and Cleopatra</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_II_(play)" title="Richard II (play)">Richard II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Camden-195">[193]</a> Shakespeare was familiar with astrology and made use of his knowledge of astrology in nearly every play he wrote,<a href="#cite_note-Camden-195">[193]</a> assuming a basic familiarity with the subject in his commercial audience.<a href="#cite_note-Camden-195">[193]</a> Outside theatre, the physician and mystic <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fludd" title="Robert Fludd">Robert Fludd</a> practised astrology, as did the quack doctor Simon Forman.<a href="#cite_note-Camden-195">[193]</a> In Elizabethan England, "The usual feeling about astrology ... [was] that it is the most useful of the sciences."<a href="#cite_note-Camden-195">[193]</a> In seventeenth century Spain, <a href="/wiki/Lope_de_Vega" title="Lope de Vega">Lope de Vega</a>, with a detailed knowledge of astronomy, wrote plays that ridicule astrology. In his pastoral romance La Arcadia (1598), it leads to absurdity; in his novela Guzman el Bravo (1624), he concludes that the stars were made for man, not man for the stars.<a href="#cite_note-196">[194]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca">Calderón de la Barca</a> wrote the 1641 comedy Astrologo Fingido (The Pretended Astrologer); the plot was borrowed by the French playwright <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Corneille" title="Thomas Corneille">Thomas Corneille</a> for his 1651 comedy Feint Astrologue.<a href="#cite_note-197">[195]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Holst-_mars.ogg" title="File:Holst- mars.ogg">Mars, the Bringer of War</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="478" data-mwtitle="Holst-_mars.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Holst-_mars.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/85/Holst-_mars.ogg/Holst-_mars.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description"></div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Holst-_venus.ogg" title="File:Holst- venus.ogg">Venus, the Bringer of Peace</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="501" data-mwtitle="Holst-_venus.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Holst-_venus.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/Holst-_venus.ogg/Holst-_venus.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description"></div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Holst_The_Planets_Mercury.ogg" title="File:Holst The Planets Mercury.ogg">Mercury, the Winged Messenger</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="264" data-mwtitle="Holst_The_Planets_Mercury.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/Holst_The_Planets_Mercury.ogg/Holst_The_Planets_Mercury.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Holst_The_Planets_Mercury.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description"></div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Holst_The_Planets_Jupiter.ogg" title="File:Holst The Planets Jupiter.ogg">Jupiter, the Bringer of Jollity</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_3" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="481" data-mwtitle="Holst_The_Planets_Jupiter.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Holst_The_Planets_Jupiter.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/Holst_The_Planets_Jupiter.ogg/Holst_The_Planets_Jupiter.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description"></div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Holst-_uranus.ogg" title="File:Holst- uranus.ogg">Uranus, the Magician</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_4" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="320" data-mwtitle="Holst-_uranus.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Holst-_uranus.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/97/Holst-_uranus.ogg/Holst-_uranus.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">All performed by the <a href="/wiki/US_Air_Force_Band" class="mw-redirect" title="US Air Force Band">US Air Force Band</a></div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr />Problems playing these files? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</div> </div> The most famous piece of music influenced by astrology is the orchestral suite <a href="/wiki/The_Planets" title="The Planets">The Planets</a>. Written by the British composer <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Holst" title="Gustav Holst">Gustav Holst</a> (1874–1934), and first performed in 1918, the framework of The Planets is based upon the astrological symbolism of the planets.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampion2009244–245-198">[196]</a> Each of the seven movements of the suite is based upon a different planet, though the movements are not in the order of the planets from the Sun. The composer <a href="/wiki/Colin_Matthews" title="Colin Matthews">Colin Matthews</a> wrote an eighth movement entitled Pluto, the Renewer, first performed in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-199">[197]</a> In 1937, another British composer, <a href="/wiki/Constant_Lambert" title="Constant Lambert">Constant Lambert</a>, wrote a ballet on astrological themes, called <a href="/wiki/Horoscope_(ballet)" title="Horoscope (ballet)">Horoscope</a>.<a href="#cite_note-200">[198]</a> In 1974, the New Zealand composer <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Carr_(composer)" title="Edwin Carr (composer)">Edwin Carr</a> wrote The Twelve Signs: An Astrological Entertainment for orchestra without strings.<a href="#cite_note-201">[199]</a> <a href="/wiki/Camille_Paglia" title="Camille Paglia">Camille Paglia</a> acknowledges astrology as an influence on her work of literary criticism <a href="/wiki/Sexual_Personae" title="Sexual Personae">Sexual Personae</a> (1990).<a href="#cite_note-202">[200]</a> Astrology features strongly in <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Catton" title="Eleanor Catton">Eleanor Catton</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Luminaries" title="The Luminaries">The Luminaries</a>, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/2013_Man_Booker_Prize" title="2013 Man Booker Prize">2013 Man Booker Prize</a>.<a href="#cite_note-203">[201]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrology_and_science" title="Astrology and science">Astrology and science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrology_software" title="Astrology software">Astrology software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnum_effect" title="Barnum effect">Barnum effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_astrology" title="Glossary of astrology">Glossary of astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astrological_traditions,_types,_and_systems" title="List of astrological traditions, types, and systems">List of astrological traditions, types, and systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_topics_characterized_as_pseudoscience" title="List of topics characterized as pseudoscience">List of topics characterised as pseudoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_astrology" title="Jewish astrology">Jewish astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_skepticism" title="Scientific skepticism">Scientific skepticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worship_of_heavenly_bodies" title="Worship of heavenly bodies">Worship of heavenly bodies</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> see <a href="/wiki/Heuristics_in_judgement_and_decision_making" class="mw-redirect" title="Heuristics in judgement and decision making">Heuristics in judgement and decision making</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> Italics in original. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHanegraaff2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wouter_Hanegraaff" title="Wouter Hanegraaff">Hanegraaff, Wouter J.</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=02bfnhO0H8sC&pg=171">Esotericism and the Academy: Rejected Knowledge in Western Culture</a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 171. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-19621-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-19621-5"><bdi>978-0-521-19621-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230126022539/https://books.google.com/books?id=02bfnhO0H8sC&pg=171">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Esotericism+and+the+Academy%3A+Rejected+Knowledge+in+Western+Culture&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=171&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-521-19621-5&rft.aulast=Hanegraaff&rft.aufirst=Wouter+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D02bfnhO0H8sC%26pg%3D171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThagard1978229-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThagard1978229_2-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThagard1978">Thagard 1978</a>, p. 229. </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120719044917/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/astrology">"astrology"</a>. Oxford Dictionary of English. Oxford University Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/astrology">the original</a> on 19 July 2012. Retrieved 11 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=astrology&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+English&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fenglish%2Fastrology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/astrology">"astrology"</a>. Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Merriam-Webster Inc. Retrieved 11 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=astrology&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster+Dictionary&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fastrology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunninYu2008" class="citation book cs1">Bunnin, Nicholas; Yu, Jiyuan (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LdbxabeToQYC&q=dictionary+philosophy+astrology&pg=PA57">The Blackwell Dictionary of Western Philosophy</a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 57. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9780470996379">10.1002/9780470996379</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780470997215" title="Special:BookSources/9780470997215"><bdi>9780470997215</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Blackwell+Dictionary+of+Western+Philosophy&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9780470996379&rft.isbn=9780470997215&rft.aulast=Bunnin&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft.au=Yu%2C+Jiyuan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLdbxabeToQYC%26q%3Ddictionary%2Bphilosophy%2Bastrology%26pg%3DPA57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thagard-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thagard_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thagard_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thagard_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thagard_6-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thagard_6-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThagard1978" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Thagard" title="Paul Thagard">Thagard, Paul R.</a> (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://philpapers.org/rec/THAWAI">"Why Astrology is a Pseudoscience"</a>. Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association. 1 (1): 223–234. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2Fpsaprocbienmeetp.1978.1.192639">10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1978.1.192639</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0270-8647">0270-8647</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147050929">147050929</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328142123/https://philpapers.org/rec/THAWAI">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 14 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Biennial+Meeting+of+the+Philosophy+of+Science+Association&rft.atitle=Why+Astrology+is+a+Pseudoscience&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=223-234&rft.date=1978&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A147050929%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0270-8647&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2Fpsaprocbienmeetp.1978.1.192639&rft.aulast=Thagard&rft.aufirst=Paul+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphilpapers.org%2Frec%2FTHAWAI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJarry2020" class="citation web cs1">Jarry, Jonathan (9 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/pseudoscience/how-astrology-escaped-pull-science">"How Astrology Escaped the Pull of Science"</a>. Office for Science and Society. McGill University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220813034228/https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/pseudoscience/how-astrology-escaped-pull-science">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+for+Science+and+Society&rft.atitle=How+Astrology+Escaped+the+Pull+of+Science&rft.date=2020-10-09&rft.aulast=Jarry&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcgill.ca%2Foss%2Farticle%2Fpseudoscience%2Fhow-astrology-escaped-pull-science&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Koch-Westenholz_1995_Foreword,_11-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Koch-Westenholz_1995_Foreword,_11_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Koch-Westenholz_1995_Foreword,_11_8-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoch-Westenholz1995" class="citation book cs1">Koch-Westenholz, Ulla (1995). Mesopotamian astrology: an introduction to Babylonian and Assyrian celestial divination. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. Foreword, 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-287-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-287-0"><bdi>978-87-7289-287-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mesopotamian+astrology%3A+an+introduction+to+Babylonian+and+Assyrian+celestial+divination&rft.place=Copenhagen&rft.pages=Foreword%2C+11&rft.pub=Museum+Tusculanum+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-87-7289-287-0&rft.aulast=Koch-Westenholz&rft.aufirst=Ulla&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennett200783-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennett200783_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennett200783_9-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBennett2007">Bennett 2007</a>, p. 83. </li> <li id="cite_note-Massimo1-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Massimo1_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Massimo1_10-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPigliucci2024" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Massimo_Pigliucci" title="Massimo Pigliucci">Pigliucci, Massimo</a> (January–February 2024). "Pseudoscience:An Ancient Problem". Skeptical Inquirer. 48 (1): 18, 19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Skeptical+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Pseudoscience%3AAn+Ancient+Problem&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=18%2C+19&rft.date=2024-01%2F2024-02&rft.aulast=Pigliucci&rft.aufirst=Massimo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beanato1-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Beanato1_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beanato1_11-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernandez-Beanato2020" class="citation journal cs1">Fernandez-Beanato, Damian (2020). "Cicero's demarcation of science: a report of shared criteria". <a href="/wiki/Studies_in_History_and_Philosophy_of_Science_Part_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A">Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A</a>. 83: 97–102. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020SHPSA..83...97F">2020SHPSA..83...97F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.shpsa.2020.04.002">10.1016/j.shpsa.2020.04.002</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32958286">32958286</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:216477897">216477897</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studies+in+History+and+Philosophy+of+Science+Part+A&rft.atitle=Cicero%27s+demarcation+of+science%3A+a+report+of+shared+criteria&rft.volume=83&rft.pages=97-102&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.shpsa.2020.04.002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A216477897%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32958286&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020SHPSA..83...97F&rft.aulast=Fernandez-Beanato&rft.aufirst=Damian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hughes-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hughes_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hughes_12-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes,_Richard2004" class="citation book cs1">Hughes, Richard (2004). Lament, Death, and Destiny. Peter Lang. p. 87.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lament%2C+Death%2C+and+Destiny&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Hughes%2C+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kassell-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kassell_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kassell_13-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKassell2010" class="citation journal cs1">Kassell, Lauren (5 May 2010). "Stars, spirits, signs: towards a history of astrology 1100–1800". Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences. 41 (2): 67–69. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.shpsc.2010.04.001">10.1016/j.shpsc.2010.04.001</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20513617">20513617</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studies+in+History+and+Philosophy+of+Science+Part+C%3A+Studies+in+History+and+Philosophy+of+Biological+and+Biomedical+Sciences&rft.atitle=Stars%2C+spirits%2C+signs%3A+towards+a+history+of+astrology+1100%E2%80%931800&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=67-69&rft.date=2010-05-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.shpsc.2010.04.001&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20513617&rft.aulast=Kassell&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Porter-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Porter_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Porter_14-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Porter_14-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Porter_14-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorter2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Porter" title="Roy Porter">Porter, Roy</a> (2001). Enlightenment: Britain and the Creation of the Modern World. Penguin. pp. 151–152. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-025028-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-025028-2"><bdi>978-0-14-025028-2</bdi></a>. <q>he did not even trouble readers with formal disproofs!</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Enlightenment%3A+Britain+and+the+Creation+of+the+Modern+World&rft.pages=151-152&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-14-025028-2&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Roy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rutkin-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rutkin_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rutkin_15-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRutkin2006" class="citation book cs1">Rutkin, H. Darell (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-history-of-science/astrology/17E3D5BB41AE55616C6B9AB7949FE0F1">"Astrology"</a>. In K. Park; L. Daston (eds.). Early Modern Science. The Cambridge History of Science. Vol. 3. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 541–561. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-57244-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-57244-4"><bdi>0-521-57244-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221222192125/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-history-of-science/astrology/17E3D5BB41AE55616C6B9AB7949FE0F1">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2022. Retrieved 6 June 2022. <q>As is well known, astrology finally disappeared from the domain of legitimate natural knowledge during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, although the precise contours of this story remain obscure.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Astrology&rft.btitle=Early+Modern+Science&rft.series=The+Cambridge+History+of+Science&rft.pages=541-561&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-521-57244-4&rft.aulast=Rutkin&rft.aufirst=H.+Darell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fbooks%2Fabs%2Fcambridge-history-of-science%2Fastrology%2F17E3D5BB41AE55616C6B9AB7949FE0F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBiswasMallikVishveshwara1989249-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBiswasMallikVishveshwara1989249_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBiswasMallikVishveshwara1989249_16-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBiswasMallikVishveshwara1989">Biswas, Mallik & Vishveshwara 1989</a>, p. 249. </li> <li id="cite_note-AsquithNSF-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AsquithNSF_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AsquithNSF_17-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_D._Asquith1978" class="citation book cs1">Peter D. Asquith, ed. (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cogsci.uwaterloo.ca/Articles/astrology.pdf">Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association, vol. 1</a> (PDF). Dordrecht: Reidel. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-917586-05-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-917586-05-7"><bdi>978-0-917586-05-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://cogsci.uwaterloo.ca/Articles/astrology.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+Biennial+Meeting+of+the+Philosophy+of+Science+Association%2C+vol.+1&rft.place=Dordrecht&rft.pub=Reidel&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-917586-05-7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcogsci.uwaterloo.ca%2FArticles%2Fastrology.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988">; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130201220040/https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind06/c7/c7s2.htm">"Chapter 7: Science and Technology: Public Attitudes and Understanding"</a>. science and engineering indicators 2006. National Science Foundation. Archived from the original on 1 February 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2016. <q>About three-fourths of Americans hold at least one pseudoscientific belief; i.e., they believed in at least 1 of the 10 survey items[29]"... " Those 10 items were extrasensory perception (ESP), that houses can be haunted, ghosts/that spirits of dead people can come back in certain places/situations, telepathy/communication between minds without using traditional senses, clairvoyance/the power of the mind to know the past and predict the future, astrology/that the position of the stars and planets can affect people's lives, that people can communicate mentally with someone who has died, witches, reincarnation/the rebirth of the soul in a new body after death, and channeling/allowing a "spirit-being" to temporarily assume control of a body.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=science+and+engineering+indicators+2006&rft.atitle=Chapter+7%3A+Science+and+Technology%3A+Public+Attitudes+and+Understanding&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsf.gov%2Fstatistics%2Fseind06%2Fc7%2Fc7s2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Carlson-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Carlson_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carlson_18-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carlson_18-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carlson_18-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carlson_18-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlson1985" class="citation journal cs1">Carlson, Shawn (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muller.lbl.gov/papers/Astrology-Carlson.pdf">"A double-blind test of astrology"</a> (PDF). Nature. 318 (6045): 419–425. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985Natur.318..419C">1985Natur.318..419C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F318419a0">10.1038/318419a0</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:5135208">5135208</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://muller.lbl.gov/papers/Astrology-Carlson.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=A+double-blind+test+of+astrology&rft.volume=318&rft.issue=6045&rft.pages=419-425&rft.date=1985&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A5135208%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F318419a0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1985Natur.318..419C&rft.aulast=Carlson&rft.aufirst=Shawn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuller.lbl.gov%2Fpapers%2FAstrology-Carlson.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZarka2011-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZarka2011_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZarka2011_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZarka2011_19-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZarka2011_19-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFZarka2011">Zarka 2011</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennett2007-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennett2007_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennett2007_20-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBennett2007">Bennett 2007</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Brit-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brit_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brit_21-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_E._PingreeRobert_Andrew_Gilbert" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">David E. Pingree; Robert Andrew Gilbert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/39971/astrology/35979/Astrology-in-modern-times">"Astrology - Astrology in modern times"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 7 October 2012. <q>In countries such as India, where only a small intellectual elite has been trained in Western physics, astrology manages to retain here and there its position among the sciences. Its continued legitimacy is demonstrated by the fact that some Indian universities offer advanced degrees in astrology. In the West, however, Newtonian physics and Enlightenment rationalism largely eradicated the widespread belief in astrology, yet Western astrology is far from dead, as demonstrated by the strong popular following it gained in the 1960s.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Astrology+-+Astrology+in+modern+times&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.au=David+E.+Pingree&rft.au=Robert+Andrew+Gilbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F39971%2Fastrology%2F35979%2FAstrology-in-modern-times&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Harper" title="Douglas Harper">Harper, Douglas</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=astrology">"astrology"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170627115223/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=astrology">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2011. <q>Differentiation between astrology and astronomy began late 1400s and by 17c. this word was limited to "reading influences of the stars and their effects on human destiny."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=astrology&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Dastrology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/viewdictionaryentry/Entry/12267">"astrology, n."</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a> (Third ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. December 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150219052208/http://www.oed.com/viewdictionaryentry/Entry/12267">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2011. <q>In medieval French, and likewise in Middle English, astronomie is attested earlier, and originally covered the whole semantic field of the study of celestial objects, including divination and predictions based on observations of celestial phenomena. In early use in French and English, astrologie is generally distinguished as the 'art' or practical application of astronomy to mundane affairs, but there is considerable semantic overlap between the two words (as also in other European languages). With the rise of modern science from the Renaissance onwards, the modern semantic distinction between astrology and astronomy gradually developed, and had become largely fixed by the 17th cent. [...] The word is not used by Shakespeare.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=astrology%2C+n.&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2021-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fviewdictionaryentry%2FEntry%2F12267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRochberg1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Francesca_Rochberg" title="Francesca Rochberg">Rochberg, Francesca</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dSELAAAAIAAJ">Babylonian Horoscopes</a>. American Philosophical Society. pp. ix. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87169-881-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87169-881-0"><bdi>978-0-87169-881-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Babylonian+Horoscopes&rft.pages=ix&rft.pub=American+Philosophical+Society&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-87169-881-0&rft.aulast=Rochberg&rft.aufirst=Francesca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdSELAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampion20092,_3-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampion20092,_3_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampion2009">Campion 2009</a>, pp. 2, 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-Marshack-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marshack_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marshack_26-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshack1991" class="citation book cs1">Marshack, Alexander (1991). The roots of civilization : the cognitive beginnings of man's first art, symbol and notation (Rev. and expanded ed.). Moyer Bell. pp. 81ff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55921-041-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55921-041-6"><bdi>978-1-55921-041-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+roots+of+civilization+%3A+the+cognitive+beginnings+of+man%27s+first+art%2C+symbol+and+notation&rft.pages=81ff&rft.edition=Rev.+and+expanded&rft.pub=Moyer+Bell&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-1-55921-041-6&rft.aulast=Marshack&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-homerica-27"><a href="#cite_ref-homerica_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHomerHesiod2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a> (23 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hesiodhomerichym00hesi_0/page/50/mode/2up?q=poseidon">"#1 — Hesiod's Works and Days"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ethelbert_Page" title="Thomas Ethelbert Page">Page, T.E. (Litt.D.)</a>; <a href="/wiki/W._H._D._Rouse" title="W. H. D. Rouse">Rouse, W.H.D. (Litt.D.)</a> (eds.). <a href="/wiki/Works_and_Days" title="Works and Days">Works and Days</a> (Collection (Didactic Poetry; Hymns; Epigrams)). <a href="/wiki/Homeric_Hymns" title="Homeric Hymns">Homeric Hymns</a>. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Evelyn-White" title="Hugh Evelyn-White">Evelyn-White, Hugh Gerard</a>. Additional Research from <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alois_Rzach" class="extiw" title="de:Alois Rzach">Prof. Alois Rzach</a> (1st ed.). <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>: <a href="/wiki/Heinemann_(publisher)" title="Heinemann (publisher)">Heinemann</a> (published 9 September 1914). pp. 51–53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674990630" title="Special:BookSources/9780674990630"><bdi>9780674990630</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/16000741">16000741</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3125044">3125044</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL23303325M">23303325M</a>. Retrieved 2024-08-26 – via <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Hesiod,_the_Homeric_Hymns_and_Homerica" class="extiw" title="s:Hesiod, the Homeric Hymns and Homerica">Wikisource — The Homeric Hymns and Homerica</a>. <q>Fifty days after the solstice, when the season of wearisome heat is come to an end, is the right time for men to go sailing. Then you will not wreck your ship, nor will the sea destroy the sailors, unless Poseidon the Earth-Shaker be set upon it, or Zeus, the king of the deathless gods, wish to slay them; for the issues of good and evil alike are with them.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%231+%E2%80%94+Hesiod%27s+Works+and+Days&rft.btitle=Works+and+Days&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.series=Homeric+Hymns&rft.pages=51-53&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Heinemann&rft.date=2017-03-23&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3125044&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F16000741&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL23303325M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=9780674990630&rft.au=Homer&rft.au=Hesiod&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhesiodhomerichym00hesi_0%2Fpage%2F50%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3Dposeidon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-archaeoastronomy-28"><a href="#cite_ref-archaeoastronomy_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelleyMilone2022" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_H._Kelley" title="David H. Kelley">Kelley, David H.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Milone" title="Eugene Milone">Milone, Eugene F.</a> (19 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/exploringancient0000kell/page/268/mode/2up">"Chapter 8.1.5: African Cultures — Egypt and Nubia – Alignments"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cgEJu3iUwM0C">Exploring Ancient Skies: An Encyclopedic Survey of Archæoastronomy</a> (eBook). Foreword by <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Aveni" title="Anthony Aveni">Anthony F. Aveni</a>. <a href="/wiki/NYC" class="mw-redirect" title="NYC">NYC</a>: <a href="/wiki/Springer_Publishing" title="Springer Publishing">Springer Publishing</a> (published 6 December 2005). p. 268. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fb137471">10.1007/b137471</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780387263564" title="Special:BookSources/9780387263564"><bdi>9780387263564</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2001032842">2001032842</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/62767201">62767201</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL7448852M">7448852M</a>. Retrieved 2024-08-26. <q>…that the <a href="/wiki/Dendera_Temple_complex" title="Dendera Temple complex">temple</a> was aligned on the <a href="/wiki/Heliacal_rising" title="Heliacal rising">heliacal rising</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sirius" title="Sirius">Sirius</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sopdet" title="Sopdet">Sopdet</a>) at the <a href="/wiki/New_Year" title="New Year">New Year</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Norman_Lockyer" title="Norman Lockyer">Lockyer</a> pointed out.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+8.1.5%3A+African+Cultures+%E2%80%94+Egypt+and+Nubia+%E2%80%93+Alignments&rft.btitle=Exploring+Ancient+Skies%3A+An+Encyclopedic+Survey+of+Arch%C3%A6oastronomy&rft.place=NYC&rft.pages=268&rft.pub=Springer+Publishing&rft.date=2022-03-19&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fb137471&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL7448852M%23id-name%3DOL&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2001032842&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F62767201&rft.isbn=9780387263564&rft.aulast=Kelley&rft.aufirst=David+H.&rft.au=Milone%2C+Eugene+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fexploringancient0000kell%2Fpage%2F268%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> Russell Hobson, The Exact Transmission of Texts in the First Millennium B.C.E., Published PhD Thesis. Department of Hebrew, Biblical and Jewish Studies. University of Sydney. 2009 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/bitstream/2123/5404/1/r-hobson-2009-thesis.pdf">PDF File</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190502104018/https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/bitstream/2123/5404/1/r-hobson-2009-thesis.pdf">Archived</a> 2 May 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> From scroll A of the ruler Gudea of Lagash, I 17 – VI 13. O. Kaiser, Texte aus der Umwelt des Alten Testaments, Bd. 2, 1–3. Gütersloh, 1986–1991. Also quoted in A. Falkenstein, 'Wahrsagung in der sumerischen Überlieferung', La divination en Mésopotamie ancienne et dans les régions voisines. Paris, 1966. </li> <li id="cite_note-Rochberg-Halton-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rochberg-Halton_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rochberg-Halton_31-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRochberg-Halton,_F.1988" class="citation journal cs1">Rochberg-Halton, F. (1988). "Elements of the Babylonian Contribution to Hellenistic Astrology". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 108 (1): 51–62. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F603245">10.2307/603245</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/603245">603245</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163678063">163678063</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oriental+Society&rft.atitle=Elements+of+the+Babylonian+Contribution+to+Hellenistic+Astrology&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=51-62&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163678063%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F603245%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F603245&rft.au=Rochberg-Halton%2C+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESunKistemaker19973,_4-32"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESunKistemaker19973,_4_32-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSunKistemaker1997">Sun & Kistemaker 1997</a>, pp. 3, 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-Al-Abbasi_2020-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Al-Abbasi_2020_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Al-Abbasi_2020_33-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFal-Abbasi2020" class="citation journal cs1">al-Abbasi, Abeer Abdullah (August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/ep/0004/article/view/8301/8105">"The Arabsʾ Visions of the Upper Realm"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Marburg_Journal_of_Religion" title="Marburg Journal of Religion">Marburg Journal of Religion</a>. 22 (2). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Marburg" title="University of Marburg">University of Marburg</a>: 1–28. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17192%2Fmjr.2020.22.8301">10.17192/mjr.2020.22.8301</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1612-2941">1612-2941</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220523183640/https://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/ep/0004/article/view/8301/8105">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 23 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marburg+Journal+of+Religion&rft.atitle=The+Arabs%CA%BE+Visions+of+the+Upper+Realm&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=1-28&rft.date=2020-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17192%2Fmjr.2020.22.8301&rft.issn=1612-2941&rft.aulast=al-Abbasi&rft.aufirst=Abeer+Abdullah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchiv.ub.uni-marburg.de%2Fep%2F0004%2Farticle%2Fview%2F8301%2F8105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong2005173-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong2005173_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLong2005">Long 2005</a>, p. 173. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong2005173–174-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong2005173–174_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLong2005">Long 2005</a>, pp. 173–174. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong2005177-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong2005177_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLong2005">Long 2005</a>, p. 177. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong2005184-37"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong2005184_37-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLong2005">Long 2005</a>, p. 184. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong2005186-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong2005186_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLong2005">Long 2005</a>, p. 186. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong2005174-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong2005174_39-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLong2005">Long 2005</a>, p. 174. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarton199424-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarton199424_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarton1994">Barton 1994</a>, p. 24. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolden200611–13-41"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolden200611–13_41-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHolden2006">Holden 2006</a>, pp. 11–13. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarton199420-42"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarton199420_42-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarton1994">Barton 1994</a>, p. 20. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobbins1940xii'Introduction'-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobbins1940xii'Introduction'_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRobbins1940">Robbins 1940</a>, p. xii, 'Introduction'. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampion2008173-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampion2008173_44-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampion2008">Campion 2008</a>, p. 173. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampion200884-45"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampion200884_45-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampion2008">Campion 2008</a>, p. 84. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampion2008173–174-46"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampion2008173–174_46-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampion2008">Campion 2008</a>, pp. 173–174. </li> <li id="cite_note-B32-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-B32_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-B32_47-1">b</a> Barton, 1994. p. 32. </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> Barton, 1994. p. 32–33. </li> <li id="cite_note-Campion227-49"><a href="#cite_ref-Campion227_49-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampion2008">Campion 2008</a>, pp. 227–228. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParkerParker198316-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParkerParker198316_50-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFParkerParker1983">Parker & Parker 1983</a>, p. 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJuvenalc._100" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Juvenal" title="Juvenal">Juvenal</a> (c. 100). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Juvenal_and_Persius/The_Satires_of_Juvenal/Satire_6">Satire VI: The Ways of Women </a>. Translated by <a href="/wiki/George_Gilbert_Ramsay" title="George Gilbert Ramsay">Ramsay, George Gilbert</a>. <a href="/wiki/G._P._Putnam%27s_Sons" title="G. P. Putnam's Sons">G. P. Putnam's Sons</a> (published 1918) – via <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Satire+VI%3A+The+Ways+of+Women&rft.pub=G.+P.+Putnam%27s+Sons&rft.au=Juvenal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> Barton, 1994. p. 43. </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> Barton, 1994. p. 63. </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Pingree" title="David Pingree">David Pingree</a>, Jyotiḥśāstra (J. Gonda (Ed.) A History of Indian Literature, Vol VI Fasc 4), p.81 </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAyduzKalinDagli2014" class="citation book cs1">Ayduz, Salim; Kalin, Ibrahim; Dagli, Caner (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=or-6BwAAQBAJ&q=philosophy+astrology+university&pg=RA1-PA515">The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Science, and Technology in Islam</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199812578" title="Special:BookSources/9780199812578"><bdi>9780199812578</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy%2C+Science%2C+and+Technology+in+Islam&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780199812578&rft.aulast=Ayduz&rft.aufirst=Salim&rft.au=Kalin%2C+Ibrahim&rft.au=Dagli%2C+Caner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dor-6BwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dphilosophy%2Bastrology%2Buniversity%26pg%3DRA1-PA515&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Biruni-56"><a href="#cite_ref-Biruni_56-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBīrūnī,_Muḥammad_ibn_Aḥmad1879" class="citation book cs1">Bīrūnī, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad (1879). "VIII". The chronology of ancient nations. London, Pub. for the Oriental translations fund of Great Britain & Ireland by W. H. Allen and co. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/01006783">01006783</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=VIII&rft.btitle=The+chronology+of+ancient+nations&rft.pub=London%2C+Pub.+for+the+Oriental+translations+fund+of+Great+Britain+%26+Ireland+by+W.+H.+Allen+and+co.&rft.date=1879&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F01006783&rft.au=B%C4%ABr%C5%ABn%C4%AB%2C+Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+ibn+A%E1%B8%A5mad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoulding,_Deborah2010" class="citation book cs1">Houlding, Deborah (2010). "6: Historical sources and traditional approaches". Essays on the History of Western Astrology. STA. pp. 2–7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=6%3A+Historical+sources+and+traditional+approaches&rft.btitle=Essays+on+the+History+of+Western+Astrology&rft.pages=2-7&rft.pub=STA&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Houlding%2C+Deborah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWood19705-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWood19705_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWood19705_58-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFWood1970">Wood 1970</a>, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-Isidore-59"><a href="#cite_ref-Isidore_59-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsidore_of_Sevillec._600" class="citation book cs1">Isidore of Seville (c. 600). Etymologiae. pp. L, 82, col. 170.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Etymologiae&rft.pages=L%2C+82%2C+col.+170&rft.au=Isidore+of+Seville&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Campion44-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Campion44_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campion44_60-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampion1982">Campion 1982</a>, p. 44. </li> <li id="cite_note-Campion45-61"><a href="#cite_ref-Campion45_61-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampion1982">Campion 1982</a>, p. 45. </li> <li id="cite_note-Campion46-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Campion46_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campion46_62-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampion1982">Campion 1982</a>, p. 46. </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorth,_John_David1986" class="citation book cs1">North, John David (1986). "The eastern origins of the Campanus (Prime Vertical) method. Evidence from al-Bīrūnī". Horoscopes and history. Warburg Institute. pp. 175–176.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+eastern+origins+of+the+Campanus+%28Prime+Vertical%29+method.+Evidence+from+al-B%C4%ABr%C5%ABn%C4%AB&rft.btitle=Horoscopes+and+history&rft.pages=175-176&rft.pub=Warburg+Institute&rft.date=1986&rft.au=North%2C+John+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Durling-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Durling_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Durling_64-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDurling,_Robert_M.1997" class="citation journal cs1">Durling, Robert M. (January 1997). "Dante's Christian Astrology. by Richard Kay. Review". Speculum. 72 (1): 185–187. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2865916">10.2307/2865916</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2865916">2865916</a>. <q>Dante's interest in astrology has only slowly been gaining the attention it deserves. In 1940 Rudolf Palgen published his pioneering eighty-page "Dantes Sternglaube: Beiträge zur Erklärung des Paradiso", which concisely surveyed Dante's treatment of the planets and of the sphere of fixed stars; he demonstrated that it is governed by the astrological concept of the "children of the planets" (in each sphere the pilgrim meets souls whose lives reflected the dominant influence of that planet) and that in countless details the imagery of the Paradiso is derived from the astrological tradition. ... Like Palgen, he [Kay] argues (again, in more detail) that Dante adapted traditional astrological views to his own Christian ones; he finds this process intensified in the upper heavens.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Speculum&rft.atitle=Dante%27s+Christian+Astrology.+by+Richard+Kay.+Review&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=185-187&rft.date=1997-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2865916&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2865916%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Durling%2C+Robert+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoody,_Kennerly_M.1977" class="citation journal cs1">Woody, Kennerly M. (1977). "Dante and the Doctrine of the Great Conjunctions". Dante Studies, with the Annual Report of the Dante Society. 95 (95): 119–134. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40166243">40166243</a>. <q>It can hardly be doubted, I think, that Dante was thinking in astrological terms when he made his prophecies. [The attached footnote cites Inferno. I, lOOff.; Purgatorio. xx, 13-15 and xxxiii, 41; Paradiso. xxii, 13-15 and xxvii, 142-148.]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dante+Studies%2C+with+the+Annual+Report+of+the+Dante+Society&rft.atitle=Dante+and+the+Doctrine+of+the+Great+Conjunctions&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=95&rft.pages=119-134&rft.date=1977&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40166243%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Woody%2C+Kennerly+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGower,_John1390" class="citation book cs1">Gower, John (1390). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/readfile?fk_files=3197718&pageno=9">Confessio Amantis</a>. pp. VII, 670–84. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924093459/http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/readfile?fk_files=3197718&pageno=9">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2013. <q>Assembled with Astronomie / Is ek that ilke Astrologie / The which in juggementz acompteth / Theffect, what every sterre amonteth, / And hou thei causen many a wonder / To tho climatz that stonde hem under.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Confessio+Amantis&rft.pages=VII%2C+670-84&rft.date=1390&rft.au=Gower%2C+John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Fcatalog%2Fworld%2Freadfile%3Ffk_files%3D3197718%26pageno%3D9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWood19706-67"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWood19706_67-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWood1970">Wood 1970</a>, p. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-Allen148-68"><a href="#cite_ref-Allen148_68-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen,_Don_Cameron1941" class="citation book cs1">Allen, Don Cameron (1941). Star-crossed Renaissance. Duke University Press. p. 148.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Star-crossed+Renaissance&rft.pages=148&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=1941&rft.au=Allen%2C+Don+Cameron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWood19708–11-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWood19708–11_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWood19708–11_69-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFWood1970">Wood 1970</a>, pp. 8–11. </li> <li id="cite_note-Coopland-70"><a href="#cite_ref-Coopland_70-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoopland,_G._W.1952" class="citation book cs1">Coopland, G. W. (1952). Nicole Oresme and the Astrologers: A Study of his Livre de Divinacions. Harvard University Press; Liverpool University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nicole+Oresme+and+the+Astrologers%3A+A+Study+of+his+Livre+de+Divinacions&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press%3B+Liverpool+University+Press&rft.date=1952&rft.au=Coopland%2C+G.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVanderjagt,_A.J.1985" class="citation book cs1">Vanderjagt, A.J. (1985). Laurens Pignon, O.P.: Confessor of Philip the Good. Venlo, The Netherlands: Jean Mielot.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Laurens+Pignon%2C+O.P.%3A+Confessor+of+Philip+the+Good&rft.place=Venlo%2C+The+Netherlands&rft.pub=Jean+Mielot&rft.date=1985&rft.au=Vanderjagt%2C+A.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeenstra19975,_32,_passim-72"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeenstra19975,_32,_passim_72-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVeenstra1997">Veenstra 1997</a>, pp. 5, 32, passim. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeenstra1997184-73"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeenstra1997184_73-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVeenstra1997">Veenstra 1997</a>, p. 184. </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDijksterhuis1986" class="citation book cs1">Dijksterhuis, Eduard Jan (1986). The mechanization of the world picture. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+mechanization+of+the+world+picture&rft.place=Princeton%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Dijksterhuis&rft.aufirst=Eduard+Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2021" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Craig (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pomponazzi/">Pietro Pomponazzi</a>. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190317225213/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pomponazzi/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pietro+Pomponazzi&rft.pub=Metaphysics+Research+Lab%2C+Stanford+University&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fpomponazzi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Campion47-76"><a href="#cite_ref-Campion47_76-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampion1982">Campion 1982</a>, p. 47. </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRabin,_Sheila_J.2010" class="citation web cs1">Rabin, Sheila J. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Pico+and+the+historiography+of+Renaissance+astrology.-a0251858267">"Pico and the historiography of Renaissance astrology"</a>. Explorations in Renaissance Culture. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224144607/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Pico+and+the+historiography+of+Renaissance+astrology.-a0251858267">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 10 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Explorations+in+Renaissance+Culture&rft.atitle=Pico+and+the+historiography+of+Renaissance+astrology&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Rabin%2C+Sheila+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreelibrary.com%2FPico%2Band%2Bthe%2Bhistoriography%2Bof%2BRenaissance%2Bastrology.-a0251858267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaspar1993" class="citation book cs1">Caspar, Max (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/28293391">Kepler</a>. Translated by <a href="/wiki/C._Doris_Hellman" title="C. Doris Hellman">Hellman, C. Doris</a>. New York: Dover Publications. pp. 181–182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-67605-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-67605-6"><bdi>0-486-67605-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/28293391">28293391</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kepler&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=181-182&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F28293391&rft.isbn=0-486-67605-6&rft.aulast=Caspar&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F28293391&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harkness105-79"><a href="#cite_ref-Harkness105_79-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarkness,_Deborah_E.2007" class="citation book cs1">Harkness, Deborah E. (2007). The Jewel House. Elizabethan London and the Scientific Revolution. Yale University Press. p. 105. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14316-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14316-4"><bdi>978-0-300-14316-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jewel+House.+Elizabethan+London+and+the+Scientific+Revolution&rft.pages=105&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-300-14316-4&rft.au=Harkness%2C+Deborah+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harkness133-80">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harkness133_80-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harkness133_80-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarkness,_Deborah_E.2007" class="citation book cs1">Harkness, Deborah E. (2007). The Jewel House. Elizabethan London and the Scientific Revolution. Yale University Press. p. 133. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14316-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14316-4"><bdi>978-0-300-14316-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jewel+House.+Elizabethan+London+and+the+Scientific+Revolution&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-300-14316-4&rft.au=Harkness%2C+Deborah+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Astronomical diagrams by Thomas Hood, Mathematician (Vellum, in oaken cases). British Library: British Library. c. 1597.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Astronomical+diagrams+by+Thomas+Hood%2C+Mathematician&rft.place=British+Library&rft.pub=British+Library&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnston,_Stephen1998" class="citation conference cs1">Johnston, Stephen (July 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mhs.ox.ac.uk/staff/saj/hood-astrology">"The astrological instruments of Thomas Hood"</a>. XVII International Scientific Instrument Symposium. Soro. 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Annals of Science. 58 (3): 219–240. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00033790016703">10.1080/00033790016703</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144443271">144443271</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Science&rft.atitle=Dee%2C+Mercator%2C+and+Louvain+Instrument+Making%3A+An+Undescribed+Astrological+Disc+by+Gerard+Mercator+%281551%29&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=219-240&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00033790016703&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144443271%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Vanden+Broeke%2C+Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Almasi-84"><a href="#cite_ref-Almasi_84-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlmasi2022" class="citation journal cs1">Almasi, Gabor (11 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00033790.2022.2030409">"Astrology in the crossfire: the stormy debate after the comet of 1577"</a>. Annals of Science. 79 (2): 137–163. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00033790.2022.2030409">10.1080/00033790.2022.2030409</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35147491">35147491</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:246749889">246749889</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230607031259/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00033790.2022.2030409">Archived</a> from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 7 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Science&rft.atitle=Astrology+in+the+crossfire%3A+the+stormy+debate+after+the+comet+of+1577&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=137-163&rft.date=2022-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A246749889%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35147491&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00033790.2022.2030409&rft.aulast=Almasi&rft.aufirst=Gabor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F00033790.2022.2030409&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoskin2003" class="citation book cs1">Hoskin, Michael, ed. (2003). The Cambridge Concise History of Astronomy. 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The British Journal for the History of Science. 54 (2): 133–153. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0007087421000029">10.1017/S0007087421000029</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33719982">33719982</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:232232073">232232073</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326031907/https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:630ab701-eb53-4efc-b1f3-05146f9e8957">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 2 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+British+Journal+for+the+History+of+Science&rft.atitle=The+Society+of+Astrologers+%28c.1647%E2%80%931684%29%3A+sermons%2C+feasts+and+the+resuscitation+of+astrology+in+seventeenth-century+London&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=133-153&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A232232073%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33719982&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0007087421000029&rft.aulast=Pfeffer&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fora.ox.ac.uk%2Fobjects%2Fuuid%3A630ab701-eb53-4efc-b1f3-05146f9e8957&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampion2009239–249-87"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampion2009239–249_87-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampion2009">Campion 2009</a>, pp. 239–249. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampion2009259–263-88"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampion2009259–263_88-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampion2009">Campion 2009</a>, pp. 259–263. </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJung,_C.G.Hull1973" class="citation book cs1">Jung, C.G.; Hull (1973). Adler, Gerhard (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/letters0001jung">C.G. Jung Letters: 1906–1950</a>. in collaboration with Aniela Jaffé; translations from the German by R.F.C. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-09895-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-09895-1"><bdi>978-0-691-09895-1</bdi></a>. <q>Letter from Jung to Freud, 12 June 1911 "I made horoscopic calculations in order to find a clue to the core of psychological truth."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=C.G.+Jung+Letters%3A+1906%E2%80%931950.&rft.place=Princeton%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-691-09895-1&rft.au=Jung%2C+C.G.&rft.au=Hull&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fletters0001jung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampion2009">Campion 2009</a>, pp. 251–256: "At the same time, in Switzerland, the psychologist Carl Gustav Jung (1875–1961) was developing sophisticated theories concerning astrology ..." </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> Gieser, Suzanne. The Innermost Kernel, Depth Psychology and Quantum Physics. Wolfgang Pauli's Dialogue with C.G.Jung, (Springer, Berlin, 2005) p. 21 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-540-20856-9" title="Special:BookSources/3-540-20856-9">3-540-20856-9</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> Campion, Nicholas. "Prophecy, Cosmology and the New Age Movement. 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New York: Scribner. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-13293-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-13293-8"><bdi>978-0-684-13293-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925152742/http://xtf.lib.virginia.edu/xtf/view?docId=DicHist/uvaBook/tei/DicHist1.xml;brand=default;">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+the+history+of+ideas&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-684-13293-8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fxtf.lib.virginia.edu%2Fxtf%2Fview%3FdocId%3DDicHist%2FuvaBook%2Ftei%2FDicHist1.xml%3Bbrand%3Ddefault%3B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> James R. Lewis, 2003. The Astrology Book: the Encyclopedia of Heavenly Influences. Visible Ink Press. Online at Google Books. </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHone1978" class="citation book cs1">Hone, Margaret (1978). The Modern Text-Book of Astrology. Romford: L. N. 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(14 September 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PFTGKi8fjvoC&pg=FA25">"Indian astronomy: An historical perspective"</a>. In Biswas, S. K.; Mallik, D. C. V.; <a href="/wiki/C._V._Vishveshwara" title="C. V. Vishveshwara">Vishveshwara, C. V.</a> (eds.). Cosmic Perspectives. Cambridge University Press. pp. 25–40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-34354-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-34354-1"><bdi>978-0-521-34354-1</bdi></a>. <q>In the Vedic literature Jyotis[h]a, which connotes 'astronomy' and later began to encompass astrology, was one of the most important subjects of study... 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Richard (26 June 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/New_Scientist/zqkoAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=Chinese%20roots%20of%20modern%20astronomy%20Stephenson,%20F.%20Richard">"Chinese roots of modern astronomy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Scientist" title="New Scientist">New Scientist</a>. 86 (1207): 380–383.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.atitle=Chinese+roots+of+modern+astronomy&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=1207&rft.pages=380-383&rft.date=1980-06-26&rft.aulast=Stephenson&rft.aufirst=F.+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FNew_Scientist%2FzqkoAAAAMAAJ%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D0%26bsq%3DChinese%2520roots%2520of%2520modern%2520astronomy%2520Stephenson%2C%2520F.%2520Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> Theodora Lau, The Handbook of Chinese Horoscopes, pp 2–8, 30–5, 60–4, 88–94, 118–24, 148–53, 178–84, 208–13, 238–44, 270–78, 306–12, 338–44, Souvenir Press, New York, 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSelin,_Helaine1997" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Helaine_Selin" title="Helaine Selin">Selin, Helaine</a>, ed. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=raKRY3KQspsC&q=astrology+in+China+Springer&pg=PA76">"Astrology in China"</a>. Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780792340669" title="Special:BookSources/9780792340669"><bdi>9780792340669</bdi></a>. Retrieved 22 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Astrology+in+China&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+the+History+of+Science%2C+Technology%2C+and+Medicine+in+Non-Western+Cultures&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780792340669&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DraKRY3KQspsC%26q%3Dastrology%2Bin%2BChina%2BSpringer%26pg%3DPA76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110103152835/http://www.myhora.com/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C-004.aspx">"การเปลี่ยนวันใหม่ การนับวัน ทางโหราศาสตร์ไทย การเปลี่ยนปีนักษัตร โหราศาสตร์ ดูดวง ทำนายทายทัก ('The transition to the new astrological dates Thailand. Changing zodiac astrology horoscope prediction')"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myhora.com/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C-004.aspx">the original</a> on 3 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88+%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99+%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2+%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3+%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C+%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87+%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81+%28%27The+transition+to+the+new+astrological+dates+Thailand.+Changing+zodiac+astrology+horoscope+prediction%27%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.myhora.com%2F%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%259E%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B9%2582%25E0%25B8%25AB%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B9%258C%2F%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B9%2582%25E0%25B8%25AB%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B9%258C-004.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> (in Thai) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeenstra1997184–185-114"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeenstra1997184–185_114-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVeenstra1997">Veenstra 1997</a>, pp. 184–185. </li> <li id="cite_note-Hess-115">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hess_115-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hess_115-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHessAllen,_Paul_L.2007" class="citation book cs1">Hess, Peter M.J.; Allen, Paul L. (2007). Catholicism and science (1st ed.). Westport: Greenwood. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33190-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33190-9"><bdi>978-0-313-33190-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catholicism+and+science&rft.place=Westport&rft.pages=11&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33190-9&rft.aulast=Hess&rft.aufirst=Peter+M.J.&rft.au=Allen%2C+Paul+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saliba-116"><a href="#cite_ref-Saliba_116-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaliba1994b" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Saliba" title="George Saliba">Saliba, George</a> (1994b). A History of Arabic Astronomy: Planetary Theories During the Golden Age of Islam. <a href="/wiki/New_York_University_Press" title="New York University Press">New York University Press</a>. pp. 60, 67–69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-8023-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-8023-7"><bdi>978-0-8147-8023-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Arabic+Astronomy%3A+Planetary+Theories+During+the+Golden+Age+of+Islam&rft.pages=60%2C+67-69&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-8147-8023-7&rft.aulast=Saliba&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBelo2007" class="citation book cs1">Belo, Catarina (23 February 2007). Chance and Determinism in Avicenna and Averroes. <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill</a>. p. 228. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2Fej.9789004155879.i-252">10.1163/ej.9789004155879.i-252</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-474-1915-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-474-1915-0"><bdi>978-90-474-1915-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chance+and+Determinism+in+Avicenna+and+Averroes&rft.pages=228&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2007-02-23&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2Fej.9789004155879.i-252&rft.isbn=978-90-474-1915-0&rft.aulast=Belo&rft.aufirst=Catarina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaliba2011" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Saliba" title="George Saliba">Saliba, George</a> (17 August 2011) [First published 15 December 1987]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iranicaonline.org/articles/avicenna-viii">"AVICENNA viii. Mathematics and Physical Sciences"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a>. Vol. 3. pp. 88–92. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200220161012/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/avicenna-viii">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2020. Retrieved 26 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=AVICENNA+viii.+Mathematics+and+Physical+Sciences&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.pages=88-92&rft.date=2011-08-17&rft.aulast=Saliba&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firanicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Favicenna-viii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Livingston-119">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Livingston_119-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Livingston_119-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLivingston1971" class="citation journal cs1">Livingston, John W. (1971). "Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah: A Fourteenth Century Defense against Astrological Divination and Alchemical Transmutation". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 91 (1): 96–103. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F600445">10.2307/600445</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/600445">600445</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oriental+Society&rft.atitle=Ibn+Qayyim+al-Jawziyyah%3A+A+Fourteenth+Century+Defense+against+Astrological+Divination+and+Alchemical+Transmutation&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=96-103&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F600445&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F600445%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Livingston&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TableTalkBook-120">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TableTalkBook_120-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TableTalkBook_120-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuther2017" class="citation book cs1">Luther, Martin (2017). 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Retrieved 8 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church+-+Part+3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2Fccc_css%2Farchive%2Fcatechism%2Fp3s2c1a1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SandPSandAstroSoc-123"><a href="#cite_ref-SandPSandAstroSoc_123-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSven_Ove_HanssonEdward_N._Zalta" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Sven Ove Hansson; Edward N. Zalta. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pseudo-science/">"Science and Pseudo-Science"</a>. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 6 July 2012. <q>[...] advocates of pseudo-sciences such as astrology and homeopathy tend to describe their theories as conformable to mainstream science.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Science+and+Pseudo-Science&rft.btitle=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.au=Sven+Ove+Hansson&rft.au=Edward+N.+Zalta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fpseudo-science%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-astrosociety.org-124"><a href="#cite_ref-astrosociety.org_124-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.astrosociety.org/education/resources/pseudobib.html">"Astronomical Pseudo-Science: A Skeptic's Resource List"</a>. Astronomical Society of the Pacific. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111230053308/http://www.astrosociety.org/education/resources/pseudobib.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Astronomical+Pseudo-Science%3A+A+Skeptic%27s+Resource+List&rft.pub=Astronomical+Society+of+the+Pacific&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astrosociety.org%2Feducation%2Fresources%2Fpseudobib.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHartmannReuterNyborga2006">Hartmann, Reuter & Nyborga 2006</a>, p. 1350: "To optimise the chances of finding even remote relationships between date of birth and individual differences in personality and intelligence we further applied two different strategies. The first one was based on the common chronological concept of time (e.g. month of birth and season of birth). The second strategy was based on the (pseudo-scientific) concept of astrology (e.g. Sun Signs, The Elements, and astrological gender), as discussed in the book Astrology: Science or superstition? by <a href="#CITEREFEysenckNias1982">Eysenck & Nias 1982</a>". </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZarka2011424-126">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZarka2011424_126-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZarka2011424_126-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFZarka2011">Zarka 2011</a>, p. 424. </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCulverIanna1988" class="citation book cs1">Culver, Roger B.; Ianna, Philip A. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OhoRAQAAIAAJ">Astrology True or False?: A Scientific Evaluation</a>. Prometheus Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780879754839" title="Special:BookSources/9780879754839"><bdi>9780879754839</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Astrology+True+or+False%3F%3A+A+Scientific+Evaluation&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780879754839&rft.aulast=Culver&rft.aufirst=Roger+B.&rft.au=Ianna%2C+Philip+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOhoRAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGrewMcFall1990" class="citation news cs1">McGrew, John H.; McFall, Richard M. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skepticalmedia.com/astrology/Scientific%20Inquiry%20into%20Astrology.pdf">"A Scientific Inquiry into the Validity of Astrology"</a> (PDF). Journal of Scientific Exploration. Vol. 4, no. 1. pp. 75–83. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.skepticalmedia.com/astrology/Scientific%20Inquiry%20into%20Astrology.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Scientific+Exploration&rft.atitle=A+Scientific+Inquiry+into+the+Validity+of+Astrology&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=75-83&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=McGrew&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rft.au=McFall%2C+Richard+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.skepticalmedia.com%2Fastrology%2FScientific%2520Inquiry%2520into%2520Astrology.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source?</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-Humanist-129"><a href="#cite_ref-Humanist_129-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090318140638/http://www.americanhumanist.org/about/astrology.html">"Objections to Astrology: A Statement by 186 Leading Scientists"</a>. The Humanist, September/October 1975. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanhumanist.org/about/astrology.html">the original</a> on 18 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Objections+to+Astrology%3A+A+Statement+by+186+Leading+Scientists&rft.pub=The+Humanist%2C+September%2FOctober+1975&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanhumanist.org%2Fabout%2Fastrology.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988">; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thehumanist.org/the-humanist-archive/">The Humanist</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111007094955/http://thehumanist.org/the-humanist-archive/">Archived</a> 7 October 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, volume 36, no.5 (1976); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBok,_Bart_J.Lawrence_E._JeromePaul_Kurtz1982" class="citation book cs1">Bok, Bart J.; Lawrence E. Jerome; <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kurtz" title="Paul Kurtz">Paul Kurtz</a> (1982). "Objections to Astrology: A Statement by 186 Leading Scientists". In Patrick Grim (ed.). Philosophy of Science and the Occult. Albany: State University of New York Press. pp. 14–18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87395-572-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87395-572-0"><bdi>978-0-87395-572-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Objections+to+Astrology%3A+A+Statement+by+186+Leading+Scientists&rft.btitle=Philosophy+of+Science+and+the+Occult&rft.place=Albany&rft.pages=14-18&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-87395-572-0&rft.au=Bok%2C+Bart+J.&rft.au=Lawrence+E.+Jerome&rft.au=Paul+Kurtz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAllum2010">Allum 2010</a>, p. 344: "This underlies the Barnum effect. Named after the 19th-century showman Phileas T. Barnum—whose circus provided 'a little something for everyone'—it refers to the idea that people believe a statement about their personality that is vague or trivial if they think it derives from some systematic procedure tailored especially for them (Dickson & Kelly, 1985; Furnham & Schofield, 1987; Rogers & Soule, 2009; Wyman & Vyse, 2008). For example, the more birth detail is used in an astrological prediction or horoscope, the more credulous people tend to be (Furnham, 1991). However, confirmation bias means that people do not tend to pay attention to other information that might disconfirm the credibility of the predictions." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENickerson1998180–181-131">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENickerson1998180–181_131-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENickerson1998180–181_131-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENickerson1998180–181_131-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFNickerson1998">Nickerson 1998</a>, pp. 180–181. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEysenckNias198242–48-132"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEysenckNias198242–48_132-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEysenckNias1982">Eysenck & Nias 1982</a>, pp. 42–48. </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaverniFabreGonzalez1990" class="citation book cs1">Caverni, Jean-Paul; Fabre, Jean-Marc; Gonzalez, Michel, eds. (1990). Cognitive biases. Amsterdam: North-Holland. p. 553. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-444-88413-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-444-88413-8"><bdi>978-0-444-88413-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cognitive+biases&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pages=553&rft.pub=North-Holland&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-444-88413-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PopperStanford-135"><a href="#cite_ref-PopperStanford_135-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen_Thornton2018" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Stephen Thornton (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/popper/">"Karl Popper"</a>. In Edward N. Zalta (ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Karl+Popper&rft.btitle=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.date=2018&rft.au=Stephen+Thornton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fpopper%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Popper-136"><a href="#cite_ref-Popper_136-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPopper2004" class="citation book cs1">Popper, Karl (2004). Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge (Reprinted ed.). London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-28594-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-28594-0"><bdi>978-0-415-28594-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conjectures+and+Refutations%3A+The+Growth+of+Scientific+Knowledge&rft.place=London&rft.edition=Reprinted&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-415-28594-0&rft.aulast=Popper&rft.aufirst=Karl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988">: 44  <ul><li>The relevant piece is also in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Schick, Theodore Jr. (2000). Readings in the Philosophy of Science: From Positivism to Postmodernism. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Pub. pp. 33–39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7674-0277-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7674-0277-4"><bdi>978-0-7674-0277-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Readings+in+the+Philosophy+of+Science%3A+From+Positivism+to+Postmodernism&rft.place=Mountain+View%2C+CA&rft.pages=33-39&rft.pub=Mayfield+Pub&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7674-0277-4&rft.aulast=Schick&rft.aufirst=Theodore+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cogan-137"><a href="#cite_ref-Cogan_137-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCogan1998" class="citation book cs1">Cogan, Robert (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/criticalthinking0000coga">Critical Thinking: Step by Step</a>. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-1067-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-1067-4"><bdi>978-0-7618-1067-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Critical+Thinking%3A+Step+by+Step&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Md.&rft.pub=University+Press+of+America&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7618-1067-4&rft.aulast=Cogan&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcriticalthinking0000coga&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wright-138">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wright_138-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wright_138-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright1975" class="citation journal cs1">Wright, Peter (1975). "Astrology and Science in Seventeenth-Century England". Social Studies of Science. 5 (4): 399–422. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F030631277500500402">10.1177/030631277500500402</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11610221">11610221</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:32085403">32085403</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Studies+of+Science&rft.atitle=Astrology+and+Science+in+Seventeenth-Century+England&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=399-422&rft.date=1975&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A32085403%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11610221&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F030631277500500402&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kuhn-139">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kuhn_139-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kuhn_139-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kuhn_139-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuhn1970" class="citation book cs1">Kuhn, Thomas (1970). <a href="/wiki/Imre_Lakatos" title="Imre Lakatos">Imre Lakatos</a>; <a href="/wiki/Alan_Musgrave" title="Alan Musgrave">Alan Musgrave</a> (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/criticismgrowth00laka">Proceedings of the International Colloquium in the Philosophy of Science [held at Bedford College, Regent's Park, London, from July 11th to 17th 1965]</a> (Reprint ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-09623-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-09623-2"><bdi>978-0-521-09623-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+International+Colloquium+in+the+Philosophy+of+Science+%5Bheld+at+Bedford+College%2C+Regent%27s+Park%2C+London%2C+from+July+11th+to+17th+1965%5D&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.edition=Reprint&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=978-0-521-09623-2&rft.aulast=Kuhn&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcriticismgrowth00laka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hurley-140">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hurley_140-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hurley_140-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHurley2005" class="citation book cs1">Hurley, Patrick (2005). A concise introduction to logic (9th ed.). Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-534-58505-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-534-58505-1"><bdi>978-0-534-58505-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+concise+introduction+to+logic&rft.place=Belmont%2C+Calif.&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=Wadsworth&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-534-58505-1&rft.aulast=Hurley&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-EdwardJ-141">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EdwardJ_141-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-EdwardJ_141-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames1982" class="citation book cs1">James, Edward W. (1982). Patrick Grim (ed.). Philosophy of science and the occult. Albany: State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87395-572-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87395-572-0"><bdi>978-0-87395-572-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philosophy+of+science+and+the+occult.&rft.place=Albany&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-87395-572-0&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Edward+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennett200785-142"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennett200785_142-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBennett2007">Bennett 2007</a>, p. 85. </li> <li id="cite_note-Muller-143"><a href="#cite_ref-Muller_143-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuller2010" class="citation web cs1">Muller, Richard (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muller.lbl.gov/homepage.html">"Web site of Richard A. Muller, Professor in the Department of Physics at the University of California at Berkeley"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190312032922/http://muller.lbl.gov/homepage.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 March 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Web+site+of+Richard+A.+Muller%2C+Professor+in+the+Department+of+Physics+at+the+University+of+California+at+Berkeley&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Muller&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuller.lbl.gov%2Fhomepage.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988">My former student Shawn Carlson published in Nature magazine the definitive scientific test of Astrology. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaddox1995" class="citation web cs1">Maddox, Sir John (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120912144554/http://www.randi.org/encyclopedia/astrology.html">"John Maddox, editor of the science journal Nature, commenting on Carlson's test"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.randi.org/encyclopedia/astrology.html">the original</a> on 12 September 2012. Retrieved 2 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Maddox%2C+editor+of+the+science+journal+Nature%2C+commenting+on+Carlson%27s+test&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Maddox&rft.aufirst=Sir+John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.randi.org%2Fencyclopedia%2Fastrology.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> "... a perfectly convincing and lasting demonstration." </li> <li id="cite_note-CritThink-144">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CritThink_144-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CritThink_144-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CritThink_144-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2010" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Jonathan C. (2010). Pseudoscience and Extraordinary Claims of the Paranormal: A Critical Thinker's Toolkit. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-8123-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-8123-5"><bdi>978-1-4051-8123-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pseudoscience+and+Extraordinary+Claims+of+the+Paranormal%3A+A+Critical+Thinker%27s+Toolkit&rft.place=Malden%2C+MA&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-8123-5&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pont-145"><a href="#cite_ref-Pont_145-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPont2004" class="citation journal cs1">Pont, Graham (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00004-004-0003-x">"Philosophy and Science of Music in Ancient Greece"</a>. Nexus Network Journal. 6 (1): 17–29. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00004-004-0003-x">10.1007/s00004-004-0003-x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nexus+Network+Journal&rft.atitle=Philosophy+and+Science+of+Music+in+Ancient+Greece&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=17-29&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00004-004-0003-x&rft.aulast=Pont&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252Fs00004-004-0003-x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gauquelin-1955-146"><a href="#cite_ref-Gauquelin-1955_146-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGauquelin1955" class="citation book cs1">Gauquelin, Michel (1955). L'influence des astres: étude critique et expérimentale. Paris: Éditions du Dauphin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27influence+des+astres%3A+%C3%A9tude+critique+et+exp%C3%A9rimentale&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+du+Dauphin&rft.date=1955&rft.aulast=Gauquelin&rft.aufirst=Michel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carroll-147">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Carroll_147-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carroll_147-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarroll2003" class="citation book cs1">Carroll, Robert Todd (2003). The Skeptic's Dictionary: A Collection of Strange Beliefs, Amusing Deceptions, and Dangerous Delusions. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-27242-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-27242-7"><bdi>978-0-471-27242-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Skeptic%27s+Dictionary%3A+A+Collection+of+Strange+Beliefs%2C+Amusing+Deceptions%2C+and+Dangerous+Delusions&rft.place=Hoboken%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-471-27242-7&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=Robert+Todd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Benski-148"><a href="#cite_ref-Benski_148-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenski1995" class="citation book cs1">Benski, Claude; et al. (1995). The "Mars Effect: A French Test of over 1,000 Sports Champions. with a commentary by <a href="/wiki/Jan_Willem_Nienhuys" title="Jan Willem Nienhuys">Jan Willem Nienhuys</a>. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87975-988-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87975-988-9"><bdi>978-0-87975-988-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+%22Mars+Effect%3A+A+French+Test+of+over+1%2C000+Sports+Champions&rft.place=Amherst%2C+NY&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-87975-988-9&rft.aulast=Benski&rft.aufirst=Claude&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FailToPredict-149"><a href="#cite_ref-FailToPredict_149-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthews2003" class="citation news cs1">Matthews, Robert (17 August 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1439101/Astrologers-fail-to-predict-proof-they-are-wrong.html">"Astrologers fail to predict proof they are wrong"</a>. The Telegraph. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1439101/Astrologers-fail-to-predict-proof-they-are-wrong.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Astrologers+fail+to+predict+proof+they+are+wrong&rft.date=2003-08-17&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2F1439101%2FAstrologers-fail-to-predict-proof-they-are-wrong.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Geoffrey-150">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Geoffrey_150-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geoffrey_150-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDean_G.Kelly,_I._W.2003" class="citation journal cs1">Dean G.; Kelly, I. W. (2003). "Is Astrology Relevant to Consciousness and Psi?". Journal of Consciousness Studies. 10 (6–7): 175–198.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Consciousness+Studies&rft.atitle=Is+Astrology+Relevant+to+Consciousness+and+Psi%3F&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=6%E2%80%937&rft.pages=175-198&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Dean+G.&rft.au=Kelly%2C+I.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEysenckNias198283-151"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEysenckNias198283_151-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEysenckNias1982">Eysenck & Nias 1982</a>, p. 83. </li> <li id="cite_note-ChrisFrench-152">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ChrisFrench_152-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ChrisFrench_152-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ChrisFrench_152-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChris2012" class="citation news cs1">Chris, French (7 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/feb/07/astrologers-parallel-universes">"Astrologers and other inhabitants of parallel universes"</a>. The Guardian. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190128233226/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/feb/07/astrologers-parallel-universes">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2019. Retrieved 8 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Astrologers+and+other+inhabitants+of+parallel+universes&rft.date=2012-02-07&rft.aulast=Chris&rft.aufirst=French&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2F2012%2Ffeb%2F07%2Fastrologers-parallel-universes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shermer-153"><a href="#cite_ref-Shermer_153-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShermer2002" class="citation book cs1">Shermer, Michael, ed. (2002). The Skeptic encyclopedia of pseudoscience. Santa Barbara, Cal.: ABC-CLIO. p. 241. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-653-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-653-8"><bdi>978-1-57607-653-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Skeptic+encyclopedia+of+pseudoscience&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+Cal.&rft.pages=241&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-653-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETester1999161-154"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETester1999161_154-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTester1999">Tester 1999</a>, p. 161. </li> <li id="cite_note-Charpak-155">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Charpak_155-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charpak_155-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charpak_155-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharpakBroch2004" class="citation book cs1">Charpak, Georges; Broch, Henri (2004) [2002]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DpnWcMzeh8oC&pg=PA6">Debunked!: ESP, Telekinesis, and Other Pseudoscience</a>. Translated by Bart K. Holland. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. "Astrology in a Vacuum", pp. 6–7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801878671" title="Special:BookSources/9780801878671"><bdi>9780801878671</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Debunked%21%3A+ESP%2C+Telekinesis%2C+and+Other+Pseudoscience&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pages=%22Astrology+in+a+Vacuum%22%2C+pp.+6-7&rft.pub=The+Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780801878671&rft.aulast=Charpak&rft.aufirst=Georges&rft.au=Broch%2C+Henri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDpnWcMzeh8oC%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrim199015-156"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrim199015_156-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrim1990">Grim 1990</a>, p. 15. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck2007-157">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck2007_157-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck2007_157-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeck2007">Beck 2007</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThagard1978-158"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThagard1978_158-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThagard1978">Thagard 1978</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarton1994-159"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarton1994_159-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarton1994">Barton 1994</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanegraaff2012-160"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHanegraaff2012_160-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHanegraaff2012">Hanegraaff 2012</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERochberg2018-161"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERochberg2018_161-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRochberg2018">Rochberg 2018</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Taub_1997_pp._74–87-162"><a href="#cite_ref-Taub_1997_pp._74–87_162-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaub1997" class="citation journal cs1">Taub, Liba (1997). "The Rehabilitation of Wretched Subjects". Early Science and Medicine. 2 (1). Brill: 74–87. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F157338297x00023">10.1163/157338297x00023</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1383-7427">1383-7427</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11618896">11618896</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Early+Science+and+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+Rehabilitation+of+Wretched+Subjects&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=74-87&rft.date=1997&rft.issn=1383-7427&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11618896&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F157338297x00023&rft.aulast=Taub&rft.aufirst=Liba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hankinson_1988_p.-163"><a href="#cite_ref-Hankinson_1988_p._163-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHankinson1988" class="citation journal cs1">Hankinson, R.J. (1988). "Stoicism, Science and Divination". Apeiron. 21 (2). Walter de Gruyter GmbH. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fapeiron.1988.21.2.123">10.1515/apeiron.1988.21.2.123</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2156-7093">2156-7093</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170134327">170134327</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Apeiron&rft.atitle=Stoicism%2C+Science+and+Divination&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170134327%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=2156-7093&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fapeiron.1988.21.2.123&rft.aulast=Hankinson&rft.aufirst=R.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampion2014-164"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampion2014_164-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampion2014">Campion 2014</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillisCurry2020" class="citation book cs1">Willis, Roy; Curry, Patrick (19 May 2020). Astrology, Science and Culture. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781003084723">10.4324/9781003084723</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-003-08472-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-003-08472-3"><bdi>978-1-003-08472-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:242002348">242002348</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Astrology%2C+Science+and+Culture&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2020-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A242002348%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781003084723&rft.isbn=978-1-003-08472-3&rft.aulast=Willis&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft.au=Curry%2C+Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Niermeier-Dohoney_2021_p=117-166"><a href="#cite_ref-Niermeier-Dohoney_2021_p=117_166-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNiermeier-Dohoney2021" class="citation journal cs1">Niermeier-Dohoney, Justin (2 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fh10040117">"Sapiens Dominabitur Astris: A Diachronic Survey of a Ubiquitous Astrological Phrase"</a>. Humanities. 10 (4). MDPI AG: 117. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fh10040117">10.3390/h10040117</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2076-0787">2076-0787</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Humanities&rft.atitle=Sapiens+Dominabitur+Astris%3A+A+Diachronic+Survey+of+a+Ubiquitous+Astrological+Phrase&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=117&rft.date=2021-11-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fh10040117&rft.issn=2076-0787&rft.aulast=Niermeier-Dohoney&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3390%252Fh10040117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Astral_Knowledge_in_an_International_Age:_Transmission_of_the_Cuneiform_Tradition,_ca._1500–1000_B.C._2016_pp._18–54-167"><a href="#cite_ref-Astral_Knowledge_in_an_International_Age:_Transmission_of_the_Cuneiform_Tradition,_ca._1500–1000_B.C._2016_pp._18–54_167-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRutz2016" class="citation book cs1">Rutz, Matthew T. 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The Sydney Morning Herald. 30 August 1952. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225130002/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=JrdVAAAAIBAJ&pg=6779,6948658&dq=hitler-astrologer&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 21 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=The+Strange+Story+of+Britain%27s+%22State+Seer%22&rft.date=1952-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DJrdVAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6779%2C6948658%26dq%3Dhitler-astrologer%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorton-Taylor2008" class="citation news cs1">Norton-Taylor, Richard (4 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2008/mar/04/nationalarchives.secondworldwar">"Star turn: astrologer who became SOE's secret weapon against Hitler"</a>. The Guardian. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130902040137/http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2008/mar/04/nationalarchives.secondworldwar">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2013. Retrieved 21 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Star+turn%3A+astrologer+who+became+SOE%27s+secret+weapon+against+Hitler&rft.date=2008-03-04&rft.aulast=Norton-Taylor&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk%2F2008%2Fmar%2F04%2Fnationalarchives.secondworldwar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRegan1988" class="citation book cs1">Regan, Donald T. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/forrecordfromwal00rega">For the record: from Wall Street to Washington</a> (first ed.). San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-15-163966-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-15-163966-3"><bdi>978-0-15-163966-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=For+the+record%3A+from+Wall+Street+to+Washington&rft.place=San+Diego&rft.edition=first&rft.pub=Harcourt+Brace+Jovanovich&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-15-163966-3&rft.aulast=Regan&rft.aufirst=Donald+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fforrecordfromwal00rega&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuigley,_Joan1990" class="citation book cs1">Quigley, Joan (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whatdoesjoansaym00quig">What does Joan say? : my seven years as White House astrologer to Nancy and Ronald Reagan</a>. Secaucus, NJ: Birch Lane Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55972-032-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55972-032-8"><bdi>978-1-55972-032-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+does+Joan+say%3F+%3A+my+seven+years+as+White+House+astrologer+to+Nancy+and+Ronald+Reagan&rft.place=Secaucus%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Birch+Lane+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-1-55972-032-8&rft.au=Quigley%2C+Joan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhatdoesjoansaym00quig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorney,_Cynthia1988" class="citation news cs1">Gorney, Cynthia (11 May 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120724212326/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/73606295.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=May+11%2C+1988&author=Cynthia+Gorney&pub=The+Washington+Post+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&edition=&startpage=c.01&desc=The+Reagan+Chart+Watch%3B+Astrologer+Joan+Quigley%2C+Eye+on+the+Cosmos">"The Reagan Chart Watch; Astrologer Joan Quigley, Eye on the Cosmos"</a>. The Washington Post. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/73606295.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=May+11%2C+1988&author=Cynthia+Gorney&pub=The+Washington+Post+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&edition=&startpage=c.01&desc=The+Reagan+Chart+Watch%3B+Astrologer+Joan+Quigley%2C+Eye+on+the+Cosmos">the original</a> on 24 July 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+Reagan+Chart+Watch%3B+Astrologer+Joan+Quigley%2C+Eye+on+the+Cosmos&rft.date=1988-05-11&rft.au=Gorney%2C+Cynthia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpqasb.pqarchiver.com%2Fwashingtonpost%2Faccess%2F73606295.html%3FFMT%3DABS%26FMTS%3DABS%3AFT%26date%3DMay%2B11%252C%2B1988%26author%3DCynthia%2BGorney%26pub%3DThe%2BWashington%2BPost%2B%2528pre-1997%2BFulltext%2529%26edition%3D%26startpage%3Dc.01%26desc%3DThe%2BReagan%2BChart%2BWatch%253B%2BAstrologer%2BJoan%2BQuigley%252C%2BEye%2Bon%2Bthe%2BCosmos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Truzzi-173">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Truzzi_173-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Truzzi_173-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTruzzi,_Marcello1972" class="citation journal cs1">Truzzi, Marcello (1972). 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The Sociological Quarterly. 13 (1): 16–36. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1533-8525.1972.tb02101.x">10.1111/j.1533-8525.1972.tb02101.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4105818">4105818</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sociological+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Occult+Revival+as+Popular+Culture%3A+Some+Random+Observations+on+the+Old+and+the+Nouveau+Witch&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=16-36&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1533-8525.1972.tb02101.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4105818%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Truzzi%2C+Marcello&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nederman-175">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nederman_175-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nederman_175-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nederman_175-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCary_J._NedermanJames_Wray_Goulding1981" class="citation journal cs1">Cary J. 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Retrieved 24 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Science+and+Engineering+Indicators%3A+Chapter+7.Science+and+Technology%3A+Public+Attitudes+and+Understanding&rft.pub=National+Science+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsf.gov%2Fstatistics%2Fseind14%2Findex.cfm%2Fchapter-7%2Fc7h.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffith2019" class="citation news cs1">Griffith, Erin (15 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/15/style/astrology-apps-venture-capital.html">"Venture Capital Is Putting Its Money Into Astrology"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220606031807/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/15/style/astrology-apps-venture-capital.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 June 2022. Retrieved 6 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Venture+Capital+Is+Putting+Its+Money+Into+Astrology&rft.date=2019-04-15&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Griffith&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F04%2F15%2Fstyle%2Fastrology-apps-venture-capital.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wideind-182"><a href="#cite_ref-wideind_182-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaufman1998" class="citation news cs1">Kaufman, Michael T. (23 December 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1998/12/23/world/bangalore-venkata-raman-indian-astrologer-dies-at-86.html">"BV Raman Dies"</a>. New York Times, 23 December 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181116014608/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/12/23/world/bangalore-venkata-raman-indian-astrologer-dies-at-86.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=BV+Raman+Dies&rft.date=1998-12-23&rft.aulast=Kaufman&rft.aufirst=Michael+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1998%2F12%2F23%2Fworld%2Fbangalore-venkata-raman-indian-astrologer-dies-at-86.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fof-183"><a href="#cite_ref-fof_183-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDipankar_Das" class="citation web cs1">Dipankar Das. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lifepositive.com/fame-and-fortune/">"Fame and Fortune"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160816094857/https://www.lifepositive.com/fame-and-fortune/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 2 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fame+and+Fortune&rft.au=Dipankar+Das&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lifepositive.com%2Ffame-and-fortune%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/428081.stm">"Soothsayers offer heavenly help"</a>. BBC News. 2 September 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303201858/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/428081.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Soothsayers+offer+heavenly+help&rft.date=1999-09-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F428081.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> "In countries such as India, where only a small intellectual elite has been trained in Western physics, astrology manages to retain here and there its position among the sciences." David Pingree and Robert Gilbert, "Astrology; Astrology in India; Astrology in modern times". <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRao2001" class="citation journal cs1">Rao, Mohan (October–December 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101103000514/http://issuesinmedicalethics.org/094co123.html">"Female foeticide: where do we go?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Indian_Journal_of_Medical_Ethics" title="Indian Journal of Medical Ethics">Indian Journal of Medical Ethics</a>. 9 (4). Forum for Medical Ethics Society: 123–124. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16334916">16334916</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://issuesinmedicalethics.org/094co123.html">the original</a> on 3 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Journal+of+Medical+Ethics&rft.atitle=Female+foeticide%3A+where+do+we+go%3F&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=123-124&rft.date=2001-10%2F2001-12&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16334916&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=Mohan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fissuesinmedicalethics.org%2F094co123.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_India-187"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_India_187-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/sci_tech/highlights/010531_vedic.shtml">"Indian Astrology vs Indian Science"</a>. BBC. 31 May 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190407182922/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/sci_tech/highlights/010531_vedic.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2019. Retrieved 17 June 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Indian+Astrology+vs+Indian+Science&rft.date=2001-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fworldservice%2Fsci_tech%2Fhighlights%2F010531_vedic.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UGC-188"><a href="#cite_ref-UGC_188-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110512154221/http://www.education.nic.in/circulars/astrologycurriculum.htm">"Guidelines for Setting up Departments of Vedic Astrology in Universities Under the Purview of University Grants Commission"</a>. Government of India, Department of Education. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.education.nic.in/circulars/astrologycurriculum.htm">the original</a> on 12 May 2011. Retrieved 26 March 2011. <q>There is an urgent need to rejuvenate the science of Vedic Astrology in India, to allow this scientific knowledge to reach to the society at large and to provide opportunities to get this important science even exported to the world</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guidelines+for+Setting+up+Departments+of+Vedic+Astrology+in+Universities+Under+the+Purview+of+University+Grants+Commission&rft.pub=Government+of+India%2C+Department+of+Education&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.education.nic.in%2Fcirculars%2Fastrologycurriculum.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVyas2011" class="citation news cs1">Vyas, Hetal (3 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/astrology-is-a-science-bombay-hc/articleshow/7418795.cms">"Astrology is a science: Bombay HC"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110206024139/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Astrology-is-a-science-Bombay-HC/articleshow/7418795.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2011. Retrieved 1 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Astrology+is+a+science%3A+Bombay+HC&rft.date=2011-02-03&rft.aulast=Vyas&rft.aufirst=Hetal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2Fastrology-is-a-science-bombay-hc%2Farticleshow%2F7418795.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShwalbShwalb1996" class="citation book cs1">Shwalb, David W.; Shwalb, Barbara J. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1bTGN21ev2MC&q=hinoeuma&pg=PA22">Japanese childrearing: two generations of scholarship</a>. Guilford Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781572300811" title="Special:BookSources/9781572300811"><bdi>9781572300811</bdi></a>. Retrieved 22 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japanese+childrearing%3A+two+generations+of+scholarship&rft.pub=Guilford+Publications&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9781572300811&rft.aulast=Shwalb&rft.aufirst=David+W.&rft.au=Shwalb%2C+Barbara+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1bTGN21ev2MC%26q%3Dhinoeuma%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKumonRosovsky1992" class="citation book cs1">Kumon, Shumpei; Rosovsky, Henry (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uAOrAAAAIAAJ&q=hinoeuma&pg=PA22">The Political Economy of Japan: Cultural and social dynamics</a>. Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780804719919" title="Special:BookSources/9780804719919"><bdi>9780804719919</bdi></a>. Retrieved 22 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Economy+of+Japan%3A+Cultural+and+social+dynamics&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780804719919&rft.aulast=Kumon&rft.aufirst=Shumpei&rft.au=Rosovsky%2C+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuAOrAAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dhinoeuma%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wedel-192">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wedel_192-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wedel_192-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWedel,_Theodore_Otto2003" class="citation book cs1">Wedel, Theodore Otto (2003) [1920]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V9lVQVyb9M4C&q=%22Confessio+Amantis%22+Gower+astrology&pg=PA133">"9: Astrology in Gower and Chaucer"</a>. Mediæval Attitude Toward Astrology, Particularly in England. Kessinger. pp. 131–156. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780766179981" title="Special:BookSources/9780766179981"><bdi>9780766179981</bdi></a>. <q>The literary interest in astrology, which had been on the increase in England throughout the fourteenth century, culminated in the works of Gower and Chaucer. Although references to astrology were already frequent in the romances of the fourteenth century, these still retained the signs of being foreign importations. It was only in the fifteenth century that astrological similes and embellishments became a matter of course in the literature of England. Such innovations, one must confess, were due far more to Chaucer than to Gower. Gower, too, saw artistic possibilities in the new astrological learning, and promptly used these in his retelling of the Alexander legend—but he confined himself, for the most part, to a bald rehearsal of facts and theories. It is, accordingly, as a part of the long encyclopaedia of natural science that he inserted into his Confessio Amantis, and in certain didactic passages of the Vox Clamantis and the Mirour de l'Omme, that Astrology figures most largely in his works ... Gower's sources on the subject of astrology ... were Albumasar's Introductorium in Astronomiam, the Pseudo-Aristotelian Secretum Secretorum, Brunetto Latini's Trésor, and the Speculum Astronomiae ascribed to Albert the Great.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=9%3A+Astrology+in+Gower+and+Chaucer&rft.btitle=Medi%C3%A6val+Attitude+Toward+Astrology%2C+Particularly+in+England&rft.pages=131-156&rft.pub=Kessinger&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780766179981&rft.au=Wedel%2C+Theodore+Otto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV9lVQVyb9M4C%26q%3D%2522Confessio%2BAmantis%2522%2BGower%2Bastrology%26pg%3DPA133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWood197012–21-193"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWood197012–21_193-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWood1970">Wood 1970</a>, pp. 12–21. </li> <li id="cite_note-DeLacy-194">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DeLacy_194-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeLacy_194-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeLacy_194-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeLacy_194-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Lacy,_Hugh1934" class="citation journal cs1">De Lacy, Hugh (October 1934). "Astrology in the Poetry of Edmund Spenser". The Journal of English and Germanic Philology. 33 (4): 520–543. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27703949">27703949</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+English+and+Germanic+Philology&rft.atitle=Astrology+in+the+Poetry+of+Edmund+Spenser&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=520-543&rft.date=1934-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27703949%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=De+Lacy%2C+Hugh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Camden-195">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Camden_195-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Camden_195-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Camden_195-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Camden_195-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Camden_195-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Camden_195-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCamden_Carroll_Jr.1933" class="citation journal cs1">Camden Carroll Jr. (April 1933). "Astrology in Shakespeare's Day". Isis. 19 (1): 26–73. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F346721">10.1086/346721</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/225186">225186</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144020750">144020750</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Isis&rft.atitle=Astrology+in+Shakespeare%27s+Day&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=26-73&rft.date=1933-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144020750%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F225186%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F346721&rft.au=Camden+Carroll+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalstead,_Frank_G.1939" class="citation journal cs1">Halstead, Frank G. (July 1939). "The Attitude of Lope de Vega toward Astrology and Astronomy". Hispanic Review. 7 (3): 205–219. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F470235">10.2307/470235</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/470235">470235</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hispanic+Review&rft.atitle=The+Attitude+of+Lope+de+Vega+toward+Astrology+and+Astronomy&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=205-219&rft.date=1939-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F470235&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F470235%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Halstead%2C+Frank+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteiner,_Arpad1926" class="citation journal cs1">Steiner, Arpad (August 1926). "Calderon's Astrologo Fingido in France". 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National Public Radio (NPR). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131026063146/http://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=6045052">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2013. Retrieved 13 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Pluto+the+Renewer%27+is+no+swan+song&rft.pub=National+Public+Radio+%28NPR%29&rft.date=2006-09-10&rft.au=Adams%2C+Noah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Ftranscript%2Ftranscript.php%3FstoryId%3D6045052&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaughan,_David2004" class="citation web cs1">Vaughan, David (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050514074649/http://www.ashtonarchive.com/ballets/1938.htm">"Frederick Ashton and His Ballets 1938"</a>. Ashton Archive. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ashtonarchive.com/ballets/1938.htm">the original</a> on 14 May 2005. Retrieved 2 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frederick+Ashton+and+His+Ballets+1938&rft.pub=Ashton+Archive&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Vaughan%2C+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ashtonarchive.com%2Fballets%2F1938.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sounz.org.nz/works/show/10611">"The Twelve Signs: An Astrological Entertainment"</a>. Centre for New Zealand Music. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131105110414/http://sounz.org.nz/works/show/10611">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 13 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Twelve+Signs%3A+An+Astrological+Entertainment&rft.pub=Centre+for+New+Zealand+Music&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsounz.org.nz%2Fworks%2Fshow%2F10611&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> Paglia, Camille. Sex, Art, and American Culture: Essays. Penguin Books, 1992, p. 114. </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCatton2014" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Catton" title="Eleanor Catton">Catton, Eleanor</a> (11 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/apr/11/eleanor-catton-luminaries-how-she-wrote-booker-prize">"Eleanor Catton on how she wrote The Luminaries"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222082427/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/apr/11/eleanor-catton-luminaries-how-she-wrote-booker-prize">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Eleanor+Catton+on+how+she+wrote+The+Luminaries&rft.date=2014-04-11&rft.aulast=Catton&rft.aufirst=Eleanor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2014%2Fapr%2F11%2Feleanor-catton-luminaries-how-she-wrote-booker-prize&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllum2010" class="citation journal cs1">Allum, Nick (13 December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.essex.ac.uk/6076/1/allum-astrology2009.pdf">"What Makes Some People Think Astrology Is Scientific?"</a> (PDF). Science Communication. 33 (3): 341–366. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1075547010389819">10.1177/1075547010389819</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+Communication&rft.atitle=What+Makes+Some+People+Think+Astrology+Is+Scientific%3F&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=341-366&rft.date=2010-12-13&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1075547010389819&rft.aulast=Allum&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.essex.ac.uk%2F6076%2F1%2Fallum-astrology2009.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarton1994" class="citation book cs1">Barton, Tamsyn (1994). Ancient Astrology. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-11029-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-11029-7"><bdi>978-0-415-11029-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Astrology&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-415-11029-7&rft.aulast=Barton&rft.aufirst=Tamsyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeck2007" class="citation book cs1">Beck, Roger (2007). A Brief History of Ancient Astrology. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-77377-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-77377-2"><bdi>978-0-470-77377-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/214281257">214281257</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+Ancient+Astrology&rft.place=Malden%2C+MA&rft.pub=Blackwell+Pub&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F214281257&rft.isbn=978-0-470-77377-2&rft.aulast=Beck&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett2007" class="citation book cs1">Bennett, Jeffrey O. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/astronomymediawo04lopr">The Cosmic Perspective</a> (4th ed.). San Francisco: Pearson/Addison-Wesley. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/astronomymediawo04lopr/page/82">82–84</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8053-9283-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8053-9283-8"><bdi>978-0-8053-9283-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cosmic+Perspective&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pages=82-84&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Pearson%2FAddison-Wesley&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8053-9283-8&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fastronomymediawo04lopr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiswasMallikVishveshwara1989" class="citation book cs1">Biswas, S. K.; Mallik, D. C. V.; Vishveshwara, C. V., eds. (1989). Cosmic Perspectives: Essays Dedicated to the Memory of M. K. V. Bappu (1st ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-34354-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-34354-1"><bdi>978-0-521-34354-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cosmic+Perspectives%3A+Essays+Dedicated+to+the+Memory+of+M.+K.+V.+Bappu&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-521-34354-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampion1982" class="citation book cs1">Campion, Nicholas (1982). An Introduction to the History of Astrology. ISCWA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+History+of+Astrology&rft.pub=ISCWA&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Campion&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">ISBN missing</a>]</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampion2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Campion, Nicholas (2008). A History of Western Astrology. Vol. I: The Ancient World. London: Continuum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1441127372" title="Special:BookSources/978-1441127372"><bdi>978-1441127372</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Western+Astrology&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1441127372&rft.aulast=Campion&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampion2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Campion, Nicholas (2009). A History of Western Astrology. Vol. II: The Medieval and Modern Worlds (1st ed.). London: Continuum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-8129-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-8129-9"><bdi>978-1-4411-8129-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Western+Astrology&rft.place=London&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4411-8129-9&rft.aulast=Campion&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampion2014" class="citation book cs1">Campion, Nicholas (7 July 2014). "Astrology as Cultural Astronomy". Handbook of Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy. New York, NY: Springer New York. pp. 103–116. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4614-6141-8_16">10.1007/978-1-4614-6141-8_16</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4614-6140-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4614-6140-1"><bdi>978-1-4614-6140-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Astrology+as+Cultural+Astronomy&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Archaeoastronomy+and+Ethnoastronomy&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=103-116&rft.pub=Springer+New+York&rft.date=2014-07-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-1-4614-6141-8_16&rft.isbn=978-1-4614-6140-1&rft.aulast=Campion&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEysenckNias1982" class="citation book cs1">Eysenck, H. J.; Nias, D. K. B. (1982). Astrology: Science or Superstition?. St. Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0312058067" title="Special:BookSources/978-0312058067"><bdi>978-0312058067</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Astrology%3A+Science+or+Superstition%3F&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0312058067&rft.aulast=Eysenck&rft.aufirst=H.+J.&rft.au=Nias%2C+D.+K.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrim1990" class="citation book cs1">Grim, Patrick (1990). Philosophy of Science and the Occult. Albany: State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7914-0204-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7914-0204-5"><bdi>0-7914-0204-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/21196067">21196067</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philosophy+of+Science+and+the+Occult&rft.place=Albany&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F21196067&rft.isbn=0-7914-0204-5&rft.aulast=Grim&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartmannReuterNyborga2006" class="citation journal cs1">Hartmann, P.; Reuter, M.; Nyborga, H. (May 2006). "The relationship between date of birth and individual differences in personality and general intelligence: A large-scale study". Personality and Individual Differences. 40 (7): 1349–1362. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.paid.2005.11.017">10.1016/j.paid.2005.11.017</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Personality+and+Individual+Differences&rft.atitle=The+relationship+between+date+of+birth+and+individual+differences+in+personality+and+general+intelligence%3A+A+large-scale+study&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=1349-1362&rft.date=2006-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.paid.2005.11.017&rft.aulast=Hartmann&rft.aufirst=P.&rft.au=Reuter%2C+M.&rft.au=Nyborga%2C+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolden2006" class="citation book cs1">Holden, James Herschel (2006). A History of Horoscopic Astrology (2nd ed.). AFA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86690-463-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86690-463-6"><bdi>978-0-86690-463-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Horoscopic+Astrology&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=AFA&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-86690-463-6&rft.aulast=Holden&rft.aufirst=James+Herschel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLong2005" class="citation book cs1">Long, A. A. (2005). "6: Astrology: arguments pro and contra". In Barnes, Jonathan; Brunschwig, J. (eds.). Science and Speculation. Studies in Hellenistic theory and practice. Cambridge University Press. pp. 165–191.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=6%3A+Astrology%3A+arguments+pro+and+contra&rft.btitle=Science+and+Speculation.+Studies+in+Hellenistic+theory+and+practice&rft.pages=165-191&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=A.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">ISBN missing</a>]</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNickerson1998" class="citation journal cs1">Nickerson, Raymond S. (1998). "Confirmation Bias: A Ubiquitous Phenomenon in Many Guises". Review of General Psychology. 2. 2 (2): 175–220. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.93.4839">10.1.1.93.4839</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2F1089-2680.2.2.175">10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8508954">8508954</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Review+of+General+Psychology&rft.atitle=Confirmation+Bias%3A+A+Ubiquitous+Phenomenon+in+Many+Guises&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=175-220&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.93.4839%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A8508954%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2F1089-2680.2.2.175&rft.aulast=Nickerson&rft.aufirst=Raymond+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParkerParker1983" class="citation book cs1">Parker, Derek; Parker, Julia (1983). A History of Astrology. Deutsch. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-233-97576-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-233-97576-4"><bdi>978-0-233-97576-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Astrology&rft.pub=Deutsch&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-233-97576-4&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft.au=Parker%2C+Julia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPingree1963" class="citation journal cs1">Pingree, David (June 1963). "Astronomy and Astrology in India and Iran". Isis. The University of Chicago Press on behalf of The History of Science Society. 54 (2): 229–246. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1963Isis...65..229P">1963Isis...65..229P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F349703">10.1086/349703</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/228540">228540</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:128083594">128083594</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Isis&rft.atitle=Astronomy+and+Astrology+in+India+and+Iran&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=229-246&rft.date=1963-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F349703&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A128083594%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F228540%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1963Isis...65..229P&rft.aulast=Pingree&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPingree1978" class="citation journal cs1">Pingree, David (18 December 1978). "Indian Astronomy". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. American Philosophical Society. 122 (6): 361–364. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/986451">986451</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+American+Philosophical+Society&rft.atitle=Indian+Astronomy&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=361-364&rft.date=1978-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F986451%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Pingree&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobbins1940" class="citation book cs1">Robbins, Frank E., ed. (1940). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tetrabiblos0000ptol">Ptolemy Tetrabiblos</a>. Harvard University Press (Loeb Classical Library). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99479-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99479-9"><bdi>978-0-674-99479-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ptolemy+Tetrabiblos&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press+%28Loeb+Classical+Library%29&rft.date=1940&rft.isbn=978-0-674-99479-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftetrabiblos0000ptol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRochberg2018" class="citation book cs1">Rochberg, Francesca (10 July 2018). "Astral Sciences of Ancient Mesopotamia". In Keyser, Paul T.; Scarborough, John (eds.). Oxford Handbook of Science and Medicine in the Classical World. Oxford University Press. pp. 24–34. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780199734146.013.62">10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199734146.013.62</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-973414-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-973414-6"><bdi>978-0-19-973414-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Astral+Sciences+of+Ancient+Mesopotamia&rft.btitle=Oxford+Handbook+of+Science+and+Medicine+in+the+Classical+World&rft.pages=24-34&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018-07-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780199734146.013.62&rft.isbn=978-0-19-973414-6&rft.aulast=Rochberg&rft.aufirst=Francesca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSunKistemaker1997" class="citation book cs1">Sun, Xiaochun; Kistemaker, Jacob (1997). The Chinese Sky During the Han: Constellating Stars and Society. Leiden: Brill. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997csdh.book.....S">1997csdh.book.....S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004488755">10.1163/9789004488755</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-10737-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-10737-3"><bdi>978-90-04-10737-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chinese+Sky+During+the+Han%3A+Constellating+Stars+and+Society&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004488755&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1997csdh.book.....S&rft.isbn=978-90-04-10737-3&rft.aulast=Sun&rft.aufirst=Xiaochun&rft.au=Kistemaker%2C+Jacob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTester1999" class="citation book cs1">Tester, S. J. (1999). A History of Western Astrology. Boydell & Brewer.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Western+Astrology&rft.pub=Boydell+%26+Brewer&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Tester&rft.aufirst=S.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">ISBN missing</a>]</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVeenstra1997" class="citation book cs1">Veenstra, J. R. (1997). Magic and Divination at the Courts of Burgundy and France: Text and Context of Laurens Pignon's 'Contre les Devineurs' (1411). Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-10925-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-10925-4"><bdi>978-90-04-10925-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Magic+and+Divination+at+the+Courts+of+Burgundy+and+France%3A+Text+and+Context+of+Laurens+Pignon%27s+%27Contre+les+Devineurs%27+%281411%29&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-90-04-10925-4&rft.aulast=Veenstra&rft.aufirst=J.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood1970" class="citation book cs1">Wood, Chauncey (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chausercountryof0000unse">Chaucer and the Country of the Stars: Poetical Uses of Astrological Imagery</a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0691061726" title="Special:BookSources/978-0691061726"><bdi>978-0691061726</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1148223228">1148223228</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chaucer+and+the+Country+of+the+Stars%3A+Poetical+Uses+of+Astrological+Imagery&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1970&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1148223228&rft.isbn=978-0691061726&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Chauncey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchausercountryof0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZarka2011" class="citation journal cs1">Zarka, Philippe (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/890932">"Astronomy and Astrology"</a>. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. 5 (S260): 420–425. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011IAUS..260..420Z">2011IAUS..260..420Z</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1743921311002602">10.1017/S1743921311002602</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200818112236/https://zenodo.org/record/890932">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2020. Retrieved 16 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+International+Astronomical+Union&rft.atitle=Astronomy+and+Astrology&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=S260&rft.pages=420-425&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1743921311002602&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011IAUS..260..420Z&rft.aulast=Zarka&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F890932&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley" title="Aleister Crowley">Crowley, Aleister</a> (2002) [1917]. Beta, Hymenaeus (ed.). The General Principles of Astrology. with Evangeline Adams. Boston: Weiser Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0877289081" title="Special:BookSources/978-0877289081"><bdi>978-0877289081</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+General+Principles+of+Astrology&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Weiser+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0877289081&rft.aulast=Crowley&rft.aufirst=Aleister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Kay, Richard (1994). Dante's Christian Astrology. Middle Ages Series. University of Pennsylvania Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dante%27s+Christian+Astrology&rft.series=Middle+Ages+Series&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Kay&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">ISBN missing</a>]</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Ruggles, C. L. N.; Saunders, Nicholas J. (1993). Astronomies and cultures : papers derived from the third "Oxford" International Symposium on Archaeoastronomy, St. Andrews, UK, September 1990. Niwot, Colo.: University Press of Colorado. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87081-319-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-87081-319-6"><bdi>0-87081-319-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/28929580">28929580</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Astronomies+and+cultures+%3A+papers+derived+from+the+third+%22Oxford%22+International+Symposium+on+Archaeoastronomy%2C+St.+Andrews%2C+UK%2C+September+1990&rft.place=Niwot%2C+Colo.&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Colorado&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F28929580&rft.isbn=0-87081-319-6&rft.aulast=Ruggles&rft.aufirst=C.+L.+N.&rft.au=Saunders%2C+Nicholas+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Wedel, Theodore Otto (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/medivalattitud00wede">The Medieval Attitude Toward Astrology: Particularly in England</a>. Yale University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Medieval+Attitude+Toward+Astrology%3A+Particularly+in+England&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1920&rft.aulast=Wedel&rft.aufirst=Theodore+Otto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fmedivalattitud00wede&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cura.free.fr/DIAL.html">Digital International Astrology Library</a> (ancient astrological works)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblioastrology.com/en/index.aspx">Biblioastrology (www.biblioastrology.com)</a> (specialised bibliography)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bibnum.obspm.fr/exhibits/show/astronomy_astrology/bibliography">Paris Observatory</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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and astronomy">Astrology and astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musica_universalis" title="Musica universalis">Musica universalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrabiblos" title="Tetrabiblos">Tetrabiblos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Astrologers" title="Category:Astrologers">Astrologers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Astrologers_by_nationality" title="Category:Astrologers by nationality">Astrologers by nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astrologers" title="List of astrologers">List of astrologers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_astrological_traditions,_types,_and_systems" title="List of astrological traditions, types, and systems">Traditions, types, branches and systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Astrological_Chart_--_New_Millennium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Astrological_Chart_--_New_Millennium.svg/120px-Astrological_Chart_--_New_Millennium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Astrological_Chart_--_New_Millennium.svg/180px-Astrological_Chart_--_New_Millennium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Astrological_Chart_--_New_Millennium.svg/240px-Astrological_Chart_--_New_Millennium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="501" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Category:Astrology_by_tradition" title="Category:Astrology by tradition">Astrology by tradition</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_astrology" title="Babylonian astrology">Babylonian astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Burmese_zodiac" title="Burmese zodiac">Burmese zodiac</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_astrology" title="Early Irish astrology">Early Irish astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chinese_astrology" title="Chinese astrology">Chinese astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_astrology" title="Christian views on astrology">Christian views on astrology</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Magi" title="Magi">Magi</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cosmobiology" title="Cosmobiology">Cosmobiology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_astrology#Astrology_in_Hellenistic_Egypt" title="Hellenistic astrology">Astrology in Hellenistic Egypt</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_School_of_Astrology" title="Hamburg School of Astrology">Hamburg School of Astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_astrology" title="Hellenistic astrology">Hellenistic astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hindu_astrology" title="Hindu astrology">Hindu astrology</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Nadi_astrology" title="Nadi astrology">Nadi astrology</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jewish_astrology" title="Jewish astrology">Jewish astrology</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_astrology" title="Jewish views on astrology">Jewish views on astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_astronomy" title="Hebrew astronomy">Hebrew astronomy</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maya_calendar" title="Maya calendar">Maya calendar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Astrology_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Astrology in the medieval Islamic world">Astrology in the medieval Islamic world</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Astrology_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrology in Sri Lanka">Astrology in Sri Lanka</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_astrology" title="Tibetan astrology">Tibetan astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Western_astrology" title="Western astrology">Western astrology</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Category:Astrology_by_type" title="Category:Astrology by type">Astrology by type</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_astrology" title="Agricultural astrology">Agricultural astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Astrometeorology" title="Astrometeorology">Astrometeorology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Electional_astrology" title="Electional astrology">Electional astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alice_Bailey#Esoteric_astrology" title="Alice Bailey">Esoteric astrology</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Classical_planet#Alchemy" title="Classical planet">Classical planets in Western alchemy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Geomancy" title="Geomancy">Geomancy and astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tarot_card_reading" title="Tarot card reading">Tarot card reading</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Financial_astrology" title="Financial astrology">Financial astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Heliocentric_astrology" title="Heliocentric astrology">Heliocentric astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Horary_astrology" title="Horary astrology">Horary astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Horoscopic_astrology" title="Horoscopic astrology">Horoscopic astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Judicial_astrology" title="Judicial astrology">Judicial astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Karmic_astrology" title="Karmic astrology">Karmic astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Katarchic_astrology" title="Katarchic astrology">Katarchic astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Locational_astrology" title="Locational astrology">Locational astrology</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Astrocartography" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrocartography">Astrocartography</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Medical_astrology" title="Medical astrology">Medical astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mundane_astrology" title="Mundane astrology">Mundane astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Natal_astrology" title="Natal astrology">Natal astrology</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Horoscope" title="Horoscope">Horoscope</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Psychological_astrology" title="Psychological astrology">Psychological astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sidereal_and_tropical_astrology" title="Sidereal and tropical astrology">Sidereal and tropical astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sun_sign_astrology" title="Sun sign astrology">Sun sign astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Synoptical_astrology" title="Synoptical astrology">Synoptical astrology</a></dd></dl></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrology_and_science" title="Astrology and science">Astrology and science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeoastronomy" title="Archaeoastronomy">Archaeoastronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrological_age" title="Astrological age">Astrological age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrological_aspect" title="Astrological aspect">Astrological aspect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrological_symbols" title="Astrological symbols">Astrological symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrology_and_the_classical_elements" title="Astrology and the classical elements">Astrology and the classical elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_influence_of_astrology" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural influence of astrology">Cultural influence of astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_astrology" title="Glossary of astrology">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planets_in_astrology" title="Planets in astrology">Planets in astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zodiac" title="Zodiac">Zodiac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Methods_of_divination" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Divination" title="Template:Divination"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Divination" title="Template talk:Divination"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Divination" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Divination"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Methods_of_divination" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Methods_of_divination" title="Methods of divination">Methods of</a> <a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">divination</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theriomancy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ailuromancy" title="Ailuromancy">Ailuromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alectryomancy" title="Alectryomancy">Alectryomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augury" title="Augury">Augury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myomancy" title="Myomancy">Myomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrmomancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Myrmomancy">Myrmomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornithomancy" title="Ornithomancy">Ornithomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngg%C3%A0m" title="Nggàm">Nggàm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bibliomancy" title="Bibliomancy">Bibliomancy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sortes_biblicae" title="Sortes biblicae">Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falnama" title="Falnama">Falnama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sortes_Homericae" title="Sortes Homericae">Homer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhapsodomancy" title="Rhapsodomancy">Rhapsodomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sortes_Vergilianae" title="Sortes Vergilianae">Virgil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scrying" title="Scrying">Scrying</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aspidomancy" title="Aspidomancy">Aspidomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catoptromancy" title="Catoptromancy">Catoptromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_gazing" title="Crystal gazing">Crystal gazing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dowsing" title="Dowsing">Dowsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculomancy" title="Oculomancy">Oculomancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elemental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyromancy" title="Pyromancy">Pyromancy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botanomancy" title="Botanomancy">Botanomancy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capnomancy" title="Capnomancy">Capnomancy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libanomancy" title="Libanomancy">Libanomancy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeromancy" title="Aeromancy">Aeromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alomancy" title="Alomancy">Alomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydromancy" title="Hydromancy">Hydromancy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lecanomancy" title="Lecanomancy">Lecanomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scyphomancy" title="Scyphomancy">Scyphomancy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cleromancy" title="Cleromancy">Cleromancy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acultomancy" title="Acultomancy">Acultomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichmomancy" title="Aichmomancy">Aichmomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astragalomancy" title="Astragalomancy">Astragalomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axinomancy" title="Axinomancy">Axinomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belomancy" title="Belomancy">Belomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartomancy" title="Cartomancy">Cartomancy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parrot_astrology" title="Parrot astrology">Parrot astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarot_card_reading" title="Tarot card reading">Tarot card reading</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowrie-shell_divination" title="Cowrie-shell divination">Cowrie-shell divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Favomancy" title="Favomancy">Favomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumalak" title="Kumalak">Kumalak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengdu" title="Mengdu">Mengdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molybdomancy" title="Molybdomancy">Molybdomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obi_divination" title="Obi divination">Obi divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opele" title="Opele">Opele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opon_If%C3%A1" title="Opon Ifá">Opon Ifá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhabdomancy" title="Rhabdomancy">Rhabdomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runic_magic" title="Runic magic">Runic magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikidy" title="Sikidy">Sikidy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sortes_(ancient_Rome)" title="Sortes (ancient Rome)">Sortes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sortes_Sanctorum" title="Sortes Sanctorum">Sortes Sanctorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasseography" title="Tasseography">Tasseography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Necromancy" title="Necromancy">Necromancy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ventriloquism#Origins" title="Ventriloquism">Gastromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediumship" title="Mediumship">Mediumship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9ance" title="Séance">Séance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_possession" title="Spirit possession">Spirit possession</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taghairm" title="Taghairm">Taghairm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Somatomancy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropomancy" title="Anthropomancy">Anthropomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephalonomancy" title="Cephalonomancy">Cephalonomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haruspex" title="Haruspex">Haruspex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omphalomancy" title="Omphalomancy">Omphalomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_bone" title="Oracle bone">Oracle bone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmistry" title="Palmistry">Palmistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podomancy" title="Podomancy">Podomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapulimancy" title="Scapulimancy">Scapulimancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abacomancy" title="Abacomancy">Abacomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_divination" title="African divination">African</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/If%C3%A1" title="Ifá">Ifá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngg%C3%A0m" title="Nggàm">Nggàm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikidy" title="Sikidy">Sikidy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleuromancy" title="Aleuromancy">Aleuromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphitomancy" title="Alphitomancy">Alphitomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85rsg%C3%A5ng" title="Årsgång">Årsgång</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amniomancy" title="Amniomancy">Amniomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apophenia" title="Apophenia">Apophenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apparitional_experience" title="Apparitional experience">Apparition</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carromancy" title="Carromancy">Carromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cledonomancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Cledonomancy">Cledonomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortune-telling" title="Fortune-telling">Fortune-telling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geomancy" title="Geomancy">Geomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Ching_divination" title="I Ching divination">I Ching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_divination" title="Mesopotamian divination">Mesopotamian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerology" title="Numerology">Numerology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gematria" title="Gematria">Gematria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isopsephy" title="Isopsephy">Isopsephy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omen" title="Omen">Omen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onmyodo" class="mw-redirect" title="Onmyodo">Onmyodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle">Oracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophecy" title="Prophecy">Prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation" title="Revelation">Revelation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_ecstasy" title="Religious ecstasy">Ecstasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_(spirituality)" title="Vision (spirituality)">Vision</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyromancy" title="Tyromancy">Tyromancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pseudoscience" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pseudoscience" title="Template:Pseudoscience"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pseudoscience" title="Template talk:Pseudoscience"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pseudoscience" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pseudoscience"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pseudoscience" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">Pseudoscience</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_topics_characterized_as_pseudoscience" title="List of topics characterized as pseudoscience">List of topics characterized as pseudoscience</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_cult_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Cargo cult science">Cargo cult science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlatan" title="Charlatan">Charlatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crank_(person)" title="Crank (person)">Crank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fringe_theory" title="Fringe theory">Fringe theory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fringe_science" title="Fringe science">Fringe science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoarchaeology" title="Pseudoarchaeology">Pseudoarchaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudohistory" title="Pseudohistory">Pseudohistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudomathematics" title="Pseudomathematics">Pseudomathematics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junk_science" title="Junk science">Junk science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal" title="Paranormal">Paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathological_science" title="Pathological science">Pathological science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quackery" title="Quackery">Quackery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_oil" title="Snake oil">Snake oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superseded_theories_in_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Superseded theories in science">Superseded scientific theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True-believer_syndrome" title="True-believer syndrome">True-believer syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voodoo_Science" title="Voodoo Science">Voodoo Science</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_topics_characterized_as_pseudoscience" title="List of topics characterized as pseudoscience">Topics characterized as pseudoscience</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medicine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acupuncture" title="Acupuncture">Acupuncture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromatherapy" title="Aromatherapy">Aromatherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrenal_fatigue" title="Adrenal fatigue">Adrenal fatigue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophic_medicine" title="Anthroposophic medicine">Anthroposophic medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_kinesiology" title="Applied kinesiology">Applied kinesiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bates_method" title="Bates method">Bates method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biorhythm_(pseudoscience)" title="Biorhythm (pseudoscience)">Biorhythms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloodletting" title="Bloodletting">Bloodletting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_memory" title="Body memory">Body memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiropractic" title="Chiropractic">Chiropractic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromotherapy" title="Chromotherapy">Chromotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correactology" title="Correactology">Correactology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryonics" title="Cryonics">Cryonics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_healing" title="Crystal healing">Crystal healing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupping_therapy" title="Cupping therapy">Cupping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detoxification_(alternative_medicine)" title="Detoxification (alternative medicine)">Detoxification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colon_cleansing" title="Colon cleansing">Colon cleansing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctrine_of_signatures" title="Doctrine of signatures">Doctrine of signatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doktor_Koster%27s_Antigaspills" title="Doktor Koster's Antigaspills">Doktor Koster's Antigaspills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ear_candling" title="Ear candling">Ear candling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_hypersensitivity" title="Electromagnetic hypersensitivity">Electromagnetic hypersensitivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_medicine" title="Energy medicine">Energy medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fad_diet" title="Fad diet">Fad diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FasciaBlaster" title="FasciaBlaster">FasciaBlaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germ_theory_denialism" title="Germ theory denialism">Germ theory denialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_denialism" title="HIV/AIDS denialism">HIV/AIDS denialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeopathy" title="Homeopathy">Homeopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humorism" title="Humorism">Humorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridology" title="Iridology">Iridology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaky_gut_syndrome" title="Leaky gut syndrome">Leaky gut syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_effect" title="Lunar effect">Lunar effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrobiotic_diet" title="Macrobiotic diet">Macrobiotic diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnet_therapy" title="Magnet therapy">Magnet therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle_Mineral_Supplement" title="Miracle Mineral Supplement">Miracle Mineral Supplement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturopathy" title="Naturopathy">Naturopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmistry" title="Palmistry">Palmistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchagavya" title="Panchagavya">Panchagavya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent_medicine" title="Patent medicine">Patent medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrenology" title="Phrenology">Phrenology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primal_therapy" title="Primal therapy">Primal therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radionics" title="Radionics">Radionics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki">Reiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">Traditional medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine">Traditional Chinese medicine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trepanning" title="Trepanning">Trepanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertebral_subluxation" title="Vertebral subluxation">Vertebral subluxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_turbine_syndrome" title="Wind turbine syndrome">Wind turbine syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_blood_transfusion" title="Young blood transfusion">Young blood transfusion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_phenomenon" title="2012 phenomenon">2012 phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_astronauts" title="Ancient astronauts">Ancient astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Salibi#Arabian_Judah_theory" title="Kamal Salibi">Arabian Judah theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catastrophism" title="Catastrophism">Catastrophism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">Conspiracy theory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5G#Misinformation_and_controversy" title="5G">5G conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9/11_conspiracy_theories" title="9/11 conspiracy theories">9/11 conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemtrail_conspiracy_theory" title="Chemtrail conspiracy theory">Chemtrail conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_denial" title="Climate change denial">Climate change denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">COVID-19 misinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_landing_conspiracy_theories" title="Moon landing conspiracy theories">Moon landing conspiracy theories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_therapy" title="Conversion therapy">Conversion therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generation#Generational_theory" title="Generation">Generational theory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Generationism" title="Generationism">Generationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strauss%E2%80%93Howe_generational_theory" title="Strauss–Howe generational theory">Strauss–Howe generational theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollow_Earth" title="Hollow Earth">Hollow Earth theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigo_children" title="Indigo children">Indigo children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japhetic_theory" title="Japhetic theory">Japhetic theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediumship" title="Mediumship">Mediumship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_archaeology" title="Nazi archaeology">Nazi archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nibiru_cataclysm" title="Nibiru cataclysm">Nibiru cataclysm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">Parapsychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoarchaeology" title="Pseudoarchaeology">Pseudoarchaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudohistory" title="Pseudohistory">Pseudohistory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_denial" title="Genocide denial">Genocide denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_negationism" title="Historical negationism">Historical negationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudolaw" title="Pseudolaw">Pseudolaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recovered-memory_therapy" title="Recovered-memory therapy">Recovered-memory therapy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Past_life_regression" title="Past life regression">Past life regression</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_race" title="Aryan race">Aryan race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanin_theory" title="Melanin theory">Melanin theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myers%E2%80%93Briggs_Type_Indicator" title="Myers–Briggs Type Indicator">Myers–Briggs Type Indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enneagram_of_Personality" title="Enneagram of Personality">Enneagram of Personality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-gravity" title="Anti-gravity">Anti-gravity‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_fusion" title="Cold fusion">Cold fusion‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faster-than-light" title="Faster-than-light">Faster-than-light travel</a>‎</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_motion" title="Perpetual motion">Perpetual motion</a>‎</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_mysticism" title="Quantum mysticism">Quantum mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionless_drive" title="Reactionless drive">Reactionless drive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dean_drive" title="Dean drive">Dean drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EmDrive" title="EmDrive">EMDrive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleportation" title="Teleportation">Teleportation‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tractor_beam" title="Tractor beam">Tractor beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water-fueled_car" class="mw-redirect" title="Water-fueled car">Water-fueled car</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">Alchemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquatic_ape_hypothesis" title="Aquatic ape hypothesis">Aquatic ape hypothesis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodynamic_agriculture" title="Biodynamic agriculture">Biodynamic agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_transmutation" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological transmutation">Biological transmutation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creation_science" title="Creation science">Creation science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptozoology" title="Cryptozoology">Cryptozoology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dianetics" title="Dianetics">Dianetics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auditing_(Scientology)" title="Auditing (Scientology)">Auditing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dowsing" title="Dowsing">Dowsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_voice_phenomenon" title="Electronic voice phenomenon">Electronic voice phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">Eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facilitated_communication" title="Facilitated communication">Facilitated communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feng_shui" title="Feng shui">Feng shui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_Earth" title="Flat Earth">Flat Earth theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphology" title="Graphology">Graphology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_design" title="Intelligent design">Intelligent design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laundry_ball" title="Laundry ball">Laundry ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_attraction_(New_Thought)" title="Law of attraction (New Thought)">Law of attraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levitation_(paranormal)" title="Levitation (paranormal)">Levitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysenkoism" title="Lysenkoism">Lysenkoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerology" title="Numerology">Numerology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgone" title="Orgone">Orgone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygraph" title="Polygraph">Polygraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscientific_metrology" title="Pseudoscientific metrology">Pseudoscientific metrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_prompting_method" title="Rapid prompting method">Rapid prompting method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statement_analysis" title="Statement analysis">Statement analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ufology" title="Ufology">Ufology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_stress_analysis" title="Voice stress analysis">Voice stress analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_memory" title="Water memory">Water memory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Promoters of pseudoscience</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sucharit_Bhakdi" title="Sucharit Bhakdi">Sucharit Bhakdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Bigtree" title="Del Bigtree">Del Bigtree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_and_Grichka_Bogdanoff" title="Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff">Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Boisselier" title="Brigitte Boisselier">Brigitte Boisselier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhonda_Byrne" title="Rhonda Byrne">Rhonda Byrne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Charroux" title="Robert Charroux">Robert Charroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepak_Chopra" title="Deepak Chopra">Deepak Chopra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonaid" title="Clonaid">Clonaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Coleman" title="Vernon Coleman">Vernon Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_L._Donnelly" title="Ignatius L. Donnelly">Ignatius L. Donnelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia,_Inc." title="Gaia, Inc.">Gaia, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Gerson" title="Max Gerson">Max Gerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Gonzalez_(physician)" title="Nicholas Gonzalez (physician)">Nicholas Gonzalez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goop_(company)" title="Goop (company)">Goop (company)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Hancock" title="Graham Hancock">Graham Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Icke" title="David Icke">David Icke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Donald_Kelley" title="William Donald Kelley">William Donald Kelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr.">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corentin_Louis_Kervran" title="Corentin Louis Kervran">Corentin Louis Kervran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Light_(newspaper)" title="The Light (newspaper)">The Light (newspaper)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Lindell" title="Mike Lindell">Mike Lindell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_McCarthy" title="Jenny McCarthy">Jenny McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mercola" title="Joseph Mercola">Joseph Mercola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Mikovits" title="Judy Mikovits">Judy Mikovits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Ayush" title="Ministry of Ayush">Ministry of Ayush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Morell" title="Theodor Morell">Theodor Morell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Alfred_Nieper" title="Hans Alfred Nieper">Hans Alfred Nieper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Oz" title="Mehmet Oz">Mehmet Oz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%ABl" title="Raël">Raël</a> (<a href="/wiki/Claude_Vorilhon" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude Vorilhon">Claude Vorilhon</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robby_Starbuck" title="Robby Starbuck">Robby Starbuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randolph_Stone" title="Randolph Stone">Randolph Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Joseph_Watson" title="Paul Joseph Watson">Paul Joseph Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wakefield" title="Andrew Wakefield">Andrew Wakefield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogdanov_affair" title="Bogdanov affair">Bogdanov affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_pseudoscience" title="Bourgeois pseudoscience">Bourgeois pseudoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demarcation_problem" title="Demarcation problem">Demarcation problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_method" title="Scientific method">Scientific method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suppressed_research_in_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Suppressed research in the Soviet Union">Suppressed research in the Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">Committee for Skeptical Inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cults_of_Unreason" title="Cults of Unreason">Cults of Unreason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Encyclopedia_of_Claims,_Frauds,_and_Hoaxes_of_the_Occult_and_Supernatural" title="An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural">An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fads_and_Fallacies_in_the_Name_of_Science" title="Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science">Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortean_Times" title="Fortean Times">Fortean Times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Randi_Educational_Foundation" title="James Randi Educational Foundation">James Randi Educational Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quackwatch" title="Quackwatch">Quackwatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeptical_Inquirer" title="Skeptical Inquirer">Skeptical Inquirer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Demon-Haunted_World" title="The Demon-Haunted World">The Demon-Haunted World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Natural_History_of_Quackery" class="mw-redirect" title="The Natural History of Quackery">The Natural History of Quackery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Psychology_of_the_Occult" title="The Psychology of the Occult">The Psychology of the Occult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ragged_Edge_of_Science" title="The Ragged Edge of Science">The Ragged Edge of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Skeptic_Encyclopedia_of_Pseudoscience" title="The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience">The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Skeptic%27s_Dictionary" title="The Skeptic's Dictionary">The Skeptic's Dictionary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 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