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intermetallic compounds</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: intermetallic compounds"> <meta name="keywords" content="intermetallic compounds"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="intermetallic compounds"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2396</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: intermetallic compounds</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2396</span> Structural Evolution of Electrodeposited Ni Coating on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy during Heat Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Abdoos">M. Abdoos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Amadeh"> A. Amadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Adabi"> M. Adabi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent decades, the use of titanium and its alloys due to their high mechanical properties, light weight and their corrosion resistance has increased in military and industry applications. However, the poor surface properties can limit their widely usage. Many researches were carried out to improve their surface properties. The most effective technique is based on solid-state diffusion of elements that can form intermetallic compounds with the substrate. In the present work, inter-diffusion of nickel and titanium and formation of Ni-Ti intermetallic compounds in nickel-coated Ti-6Al-4V alloy have been studied. Initially, nickel was electrodeposited on the alloy using Watts bath at a current density of 20 mA/cm2 for 1 hour. The coated specimens were then heat treated in a tubular furnace under argon atmosphere at different temperatures near Ti β-transus to maximize the diffusion rate for various durations in order to improve the surface properties of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The effect of temperature and time on the thickness of diffusion layer and characteristics of intermetallic phases was studied by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) and microhardness test. The results showed that a multilayer structure was formed after heat treatment: an outer layer of remaining nickel, an area of intermetallic layers with different compositions and solid solution of Ni-Ti. Three intermetallic layers was detected by EDS analysis, namely an outer layer with about 75 at.% Ni (Ni3Ti), an intermediate layer with 50 at.% Ni (NiTi) and finally an inner layer with 36 at.% Ni (NiTi2). It was also observed that the increase in time or temperature led to the formation of thicker intermetallic layers. Meanwhile, the microhardness of heat treated samples increased with formation of Ni-Ti intermetallics; however, its value depended on heat treatment parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20treatment" title="heat treatment">heat treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microhardness" title=" microhardness"> microhardness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ni%20coating" title=" Ni coating"> Ni coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ti-6Al-4V" title=" Ti-6Al-4V"> Ti-6Al-4V</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24481/structural-evolution-of-electrodeposited-ni-coating-on-ti-6al-4v-alloy-during-heat-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24481.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2395</span> Effect of Y Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Sn-Zn Eutectic Alloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung-Ho%20Moon">Jung-Ho Moon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae%20Kwon%20Ha"> Tae Kwon Ha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of Yttrium addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Sn-Zn eutectic alloy, which has been attracting intensive focus as a Pb-free solder material, was investigated in this study. Phase equilibrium has been calculated by using FactSage® to evaluate the composition and fraction of equilibrium intermetallic compounds and construct a phase diagram. In the case of Sn-8.8 Zn eutectic alloy, the as-cast microstructure was typical lamellar. With addition of 0.25 wt. %Y, a large amount of pro-eutectic phases have been observed and various YZnx intermetallic compounds were expected to successively form during cooling. Hardness of Sn-8.8 Zn alloy was not affected by Y-addition and both alloys could be rolled by 90% at room temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sn-Zn%20eutectic%20alloy" title="Sn-Zn eutectic alloy">Sn-Zn eutectic alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yttrium" title=" yttrium"> yttrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FactSage%C2%AE" title=" FactSage®"> FactSage®</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7127/effect-of-y-addition-on-the-microstructure-and-mechanical-properties-of-sn-zn-eutectic-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7127.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2394</span> Phase Equilibria in Zn-Al-Sn Alloy for Lead-free Solder Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji%20Chan%20Kim">Ji Chan Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seok%20Hong%20Min"> Seok Hong Min</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae%20Kwon%20Ha"> Tae Kwon Ha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of Yttrium addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Sn-Zn eutectic alloy, which has been attracting intensive focus as a Pb-free solder material, was investigated in this study. Phase equilibrium has been calculated by using FactSage® to evaluate the composition and fraction of equilibrium intermetallic compounds and construct a phase diagram. In the case of Sn-8.8 Zn eutectic alloy, the as-cast microstructure was typical lamellar. With addition of 0.25 wt. %Y, a large amount of pro-eutectic phases have been observed and various YZnx intermetallic compounds were expected to successively form during cooling. Hardness of Sn-8.8 Zn alloy was not affected by Y-addition and both alloys could be rolled by 90% at room temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead-free%20solder" title="lead-free solder">lead-free solder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zn-al-sn%20alloy" title=" zn-al-sn alloy"> zn-al-sn alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20equilibrium" title=" phase equilibrium"> phase equilibrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rolling" title=" rolling"> rolling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardness" title=" hardness"> hardness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35718/phase-equilibria-in-zn-al-sn-alloy-for-lead-free-solder-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35718.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2393</span> Dissimilar Cu/Al Friction Stir Welding: Sensitivity of the Tool Offset</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tran%20Hung%20Tra">Tran Hung Tra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hao%20Dinh%20Duong"> Hao Dinh Duong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masakazu%20Okazaki"> Masakazu Okazaki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Copper 1100 and aluminum 1050 plates with a thickness of 5.0 mm are butt-joint using friction stir welding. The tool offset is linearly varied along the welding path. Two welding regimes, using the same linear tool offset but in opposite directions, are applied for fabricating two Cu/Al plates. The material flow is dominated by both tool offset and offset history. The intermetallic compounds layer and interface morphology in each welded plate are formed in a different manner. As a result, the bonding strength and fracture behavior between two welded plates are significantly distinct. The role of interface morphology on fracture behavior is analyzed by the finite element method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cu%2FAl%20dissimilar%20welding" title="Cu/Al dissimilar welding">Cu/Al dissimilar welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offset%20history" title=" offset history"> offset history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interface%20morphology" title=" interface morphology"> interface morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermetallic%20compounds" title=" intermetallic compounds"> intermetallic compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength%20and%20fracture" title=" strength and fracture"> strength and fracture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170912/dissimilar-cual-friction-stir-welding-sensitivity-of-the-tool-offset" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170912.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2392</span> First Principal Calculation of Structural, Elastic and Thermodynamic Properties of Yttrium-Copper Intermetallic Compound</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammar%20Benamrani">Ammar Benamrani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work investigates the equation of state parameters, elastic constants, and several other physical properties of (B2-type) Yttrium-Copper (YCu) rare earth intermetallic compound using the projected augmented wave (PAW) pseudopotentials method as implemented in the Quantum Espresso code. Using both the local density approximation (LDA) and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), the finding of this research on the lattice parameter of YCu intermetallic compound agree very well with the experimental ones. The obtained results of the elastic constants and the Debye temperature are also in general in good agreement compared to the theoretical ones reported previously in literature. Furthermore, several thermodynamic properties of YCu intermetallic compound have been studied using quasi-harmonic approximations (QHA). The calculated data on the thermodynamic properties shows that the free energy and both isothermal and adiabatic bulk moduli decrease gradually with increasing of the temperature, while all other thermodynamic quantities increase with the temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yttrium-Copper%20intermetallic%20compound" title="Yttrium-Copper intermetallic compound">Yttrium-Copper intermetallic compound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermo_pw%20package" title=" thermo_pw package"> thermo_pw package</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20constants" title=" elastic constants"> elastic constants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermodynamic%20properties" title=" thermodynamic properties"> thermodynamic properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132557/first-principal-calculation-of-structural-elastic-and-thermodynamic-properties-of-yttrium-copper-intermetallic-compound" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132557.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2391</span> Structure and Properties of Intermetallic NiAl-Based Coatings Produced by Magnetron Sputtering Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tatiana%20S.%20Ogneva">Tatiana S. Ogneva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aluminum and nickel-based intermetallic compounds have attracted the attention of scientific community as promising materials for heat-resistant and wear-resistant coatings in such manufacturing areas as microelectronics, aircraft and rocket building and chemical industries. Magnetron sputtering makes possible to coat materials without formation of liquid phase and improves the mechanical and functional properties of nickel aluminides due to the possibility of nanoscale structure formation. The purpose of the study is the investigation of structure and properties of intermetallic coatings produced by magnetron sputtering technique. The feature of this work is the using of composite targets for sputtering, which were consisted of two semicircular sectors of cp-Ni and cp-Al. Plates of alumina, silicon, titanium and steel alloys were used as substrates. To estimate sputtering conditions on structure of intermetallic coatings, a series of samples were produced and studied in detail using scanning and transition electron microcopy and X-Ray diffraction. Besides, nanohardness and scratching tests were carried out. The varying parameters were the distance from the substrate to the target, the duration and the power of the sputtering. The thickness of the obtained intermetallic coatings varied from 0.05 to 0.5 mm depending on the sputtering conditions. The X-ray diffraction data indicated that the formation of intermetallic compounds occurred after sputtering without additional heat treatment. Sputtering at a distance not closer than 120 mm led to the formation of NiAl phase. Increase in the power of magnetron from 300 to 900 W promoted the increase of heterogeneity of the phase composition and the appearance of intermetallic phases NiAl, Ni₂Al₃, NiAl₃, and Al under the aluminum side, and NiAl, Ni₃Al, and Ni under the nickel side of the target. A similar trend is observed with increasing the distance of sputtering from 100 to 60 mm. The change in the phase composition correlates with the changing of the atomic composition of the coatings. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the coatings have a nanoscale grain structure. In this case, the substrate material and the distance from the substrate to the magnetron have a significant effect on the structure formation process. The size of nanograins differs from 10 to 83 nm and depends not only on the sputtering modes but also on material of a substrate. Nanostructure of the material influences the level of mechanical properties. The highest level of nanohardness of the coatings deposited during 30 minutes on metallic substrates at a distance of 100 mm reached 12 GPa. It was shown that nanohardness depends on the grain size of the intermetallic compound. Scratching tests of the coatings showed a high level of adhesion of the coating to substrate without any delamination and cracking. The results of the study showed that magnetron sputtering of composite targets consisting of nickel and aluminum semicircles makes it possible to form intermetallic coatings with good mechanical properties directly in the process of sputtering without additional heat treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermetallic%20coatings" title="intermetallic coatings">intermetallic coatings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetron%20sputtering" title=" magnetron sputtering"> magnetron sputtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure" title=" structure"> structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111417/structure-and-properties-of-intermetallic-nial-based-coatings-produced-by-magnetron-sputtering-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111417.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2390</span> Thermodynamic Properties of Binary Gold-Rare Earth Compounds (Au-RE)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Krarchaa">H. Krarchaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ferroudj"> A. Ferroudj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work presents the results of thermodynamic properties of intermetallic rare earth-gold compounds at different stoichiometric structures. It mentions the existence of the AuRE AuRE2, Au2RE, Au51RE14, Au6RE, Au3RE and Au4RE phases in the majority of Au-RE phase diagrams. It's observed that equiatomic composition is a common compound for all gold rare earth alloys and it has the highest melting temperature. Enthalpies of the formation of studied compounds are calculated based on a new reformulation of Miedema’s model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rare%20earth%20element" title="rare earth element">rare earth element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enthalpy%20of%20formation" title=" enthalpy of formation"> enthalpy of formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermodynamic%20properties" title=" thermodynamic properties"> thermodynamic properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macroscopic%20model" title=" macroscopic model"> macroscopic model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191105/thermodynamic-properties-of-binary-gold-rare-earth-compounds-au-re" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191105.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">24</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2389</span> The Effect of Vanadium Addition on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of A319 Aluminum Alloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Musbah%20Mahfoud">Musbah Mahfoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibtisam%20Mustafa"> Ibtisam Mustafa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work highlights some of our up-to-date findings on the effect of vanadium addition on the mechanical properties and microstructure of one of the most versatile aluminum-silicon alloys, i.e., A319. In terms of microstructure, it was found that in addition to its ability to refine some of the constituent phases, vanadium also helps in retarding the formation of some of the detrimental intermetallic compounds, such as those involving Al-Fe-Si. Preliminary studies of the effect of vanadium on the mechanical properties of A319 have shown that vanadium additions up to 0.4% cause slight increase in the yield and tensile strength. However, the vanadium addition did not show a significant effect on the hardness of the alloy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminium" title="aluminium">aluminium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vanadium" title=" vanadium"> vanadium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermetallic" title=" intermetallic"> intermetallic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7027/the-effect-of-vanadium-addition-on-the-mechanical-properties-and-microstructure-of-a319-aluminum-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7027.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">633</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2388</span> The Effectiveness of Bismuth Addition to Retard the Intermetallic Compound Formation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Siti%20Rabiatull%20Aisha">I. Siti Rabiatull Aisha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ourdjini"> A. Ourdjini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Saliza%20Azlina"> O. Saliza Azlina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to study the effectiveness of bismuth addition in the solder alloy to retard the intermetallic compound formation and growth. In this study, three categories of solders such as Sn-4Ag-<em>x</em>Cu (<em>x</em> = 0.5, 0.7, 1.0) and Sn-4Ag-0.5Cu-<em>x</em>Bi (<em>x</em> = 0.1, 0.2, 0.4) were used. Ni/Au surface finish substrates were dipped into the molten solder at a temperature of 180-190 <sup>o</sup>C and allowed to cool at room temperature. The intermetallic compound (IMCs) were subjected to the characterization in terms of composition and morphology. The IMC phases were identified by energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), whereas the optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to observe microstructure evolution of the solder joint. The results clearly showed that copper concentration dependency was high during the reflow stage. Besides, only Ni<sub>3</sub>Sn<sub>4</sub> and Ni<sub>3</sub>Sn<sub>2</sub> were detected for all copper concentrations. The addition of Bi was found to have no significant effect on the type of IMCs formed, but yet the grain became further refined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bismuth%20addition" title="Bismuth addition">Bismuth addition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermetallic%20compound" title=" intermetallic compound"> intermetallic compound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composition" title=" composition"> composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphology" title=" morphology"> morphology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46079/the-effectiveness-of-bismuth-addition-to-retard-the-intermetallic-compound-formation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46079.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2387</span> In-situ Fabrication of a Metal-Intermetallic Composite: Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Response</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monireh%20Azimi">Monireh Azimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Reza%20Toroghinejad"> Mohammad Reza Toroghinejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leo%20A.%20I.%20Kestens"> Leo A. I. Kestens</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The role of different metallic and intermetallic reinforcements on the microstructure and the associated mechanical response of a composite is of crucial importance. To investigate this issue, a multiphase metal-intermetallic composite was in-situ fabricated through reactive annealing and accumulative roll bonding (ARB) processes. EBSD results indicated that the lamellar grain structure of the Al matrix after the first cycle has evolved with increasing strain to a mixed structure consisting of equiaxed and lamellar grains, whereby the steady-state did not occur after the 3rd (last) cycle—applying a strain of 6.1 in the Al phase, the length and thickness of the grains reduced by 92.2% and 97.3%, respectively, compared to the annealed state. Intermetallic phases together with the metallic reinforcement of Ni influence grain fragmentation of the Al matrix and give rise to a specific texture evolution by creating heterogeneity in the strain and flow patterns. Mechanical properties of the multiphase composite demonstrated the yield and ultimate tensile strengths of 217.9 MPa and 340.1 MPa, respectively, compared to 48.7 MPa and 55.4 MPa in the metal-intermetallic laminated (MIL) sandwich before applying the ARB process, which corresponds to an increase of 347% and 514% of yield and tensile strength, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accumulative%20roll%20bonding" title="accumulative roll bonding">accumulative roll bonding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal-intermetallic%20composite" title=" metal-intermetallic composite"> metal-intermetallic composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=severe%20plastic%20deformation" title=" severe plastic deformation"> severe plastic deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=texture" title=" texture"> texture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140420/in-situ-fabrication-of-a-metal-intermetallic-composite-microstructure-evolution-and-mechanical-response" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140420.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2386</span> Combined Synchrotron Radiography and Diffraction for in Situ Study of Reactive Infiltration of Aluminum into Iron Porous Preform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Djaziri">S. Djaziri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Sket"> F. Sket</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Hynowska"> A. Hynowska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Milenkovic"> S. Milenkovic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of Fe-Al based intermetallics as an alternative to Cr/Ni based stainless steels is very promising for industrial applications that use critical raw materials parts under extreme conditions. However, the development of advanced Fe-Al based intermetallics with appropriate mechanical properties presents several challenges that involve appropriate processing and microstructure control. A processing strategy is being developed which aims at producing a net-shape porous Fe-based preform that is infiltrated with molten Al or Al-alloy. In the present work, porous Fe-based preforms produced by two different methods (selective laser melting (SLM) and Kochanek-process (KE)) are studied during infiltration with molten aluminum. In the objective to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the formation of Fe-Al intermetallic phases during infiltration, an in-house furnace has been designed for in situ observation of infiltration at synchrotron facilities combining x-ray radiography (XR) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The feasibility of this approach has been demonstrated, and information about the melt flow front propagation has been obtained. In addition, reactive infiltration has been achieved where a bi-phased intermetallic layer has been identified to be formed between the solid Fe and liquid Al. In particular, a tongue-like Fe₂Al₅ phase adhering to the Fe and a needle-like Fe₄Al₁₃ phase adhering to the Al were observed. The growth of the intermetallic compound was found to be dependent on the temperature gradient present along the preform as well as on the reaction time which will be discussed in view of the different obtained results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combined%20synchrotron%20radiography%20and%20diffraction" title="combined synchrotron radiography and diffraction">combined synchrotron radiography and diffraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fe-Al%20intermetallic%20compounds" title=" Fe-Al intermetallic compounds"> Fe-Al intermetallic compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-situ%20molten%20Al%20infiltration" title=" in-situ molten Al infiltration"> in-situ molten Al infiltration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20solid%20Fe%20preforms" title=" porous solid Fe preforms"> porous solid Fe preforms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94238/combined-synchrotron-radiography-and-diffraction-for-in-situ-study-of-reactive-infiltration-of-aluminum-into-iron-porous-preform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94238.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2385</span> Tensile Properties of Aluminum Silicon Nickel Iron Vanadium High Entropy Alloys </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sefiu%20A.%20Bello">Sefiu A. Bello</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasirudeen%20K.%20Raji"> Nasirudeen K. Raji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeleel%20A.%20Adebisi"> Jeleel A. Adebisi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadiq%20A.%20Raji"> Sadiq A. Raji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pure metals are not used in most cases for structural applications because of their limited properties. Presently, high entropy alloys (HEAs) are emerging by mixing comparative proportions of metals with the aim of maximizing the entropy leading to enhancement in structural and mechanical properties. Aluminum Silicon Nickel Iron Vanadium (AlSiNiFeV) alloy was developed using stir cast technique and analysed. Results obtained show that the alloy grade G0 contains 44 percentage by weight (wt%) Al, 32 wt% Si, 9 wt% Ni, 4 wt% Fe, 3 wt% V and 8 wt% for minor elements with tensile strength and elongation of 106 Nmm<sup>-2</sup> and 2.68%, respectively. X-ray diffraction confirmed intermetallic compounds having hexagonal closed packed (HCP), orthorhombic and cubic structures in cubic dendritic matrix. This affirmed transformation from the cubic structures of elemental constituents of the HEAs to the precipitated structures of the intermetallic compounds. A maximum tensile strength of 188 Nmm<sup>-2</sup> with 4% elongation was noticed at 10wt% of silica addition to the G0. An increase in tensile strength with an increment in silica content could be attributed to different phases and crystal geometries characterizing each HEA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HEAs" title="HEAs">HEAs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phases%20model" title=" phases model"> phases model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminium" title=" aluminium"> aluminium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicon" title=" silicon"> silicon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20strength" title=" tensile strength"> tensile strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model" title=" model"> model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112732/tensile-properties-of-aluminum-silicon-nickel-iron-vanadium-high-entropy-alloys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112732.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2384</span> Influence of Mandrel’s Surface on the Properties of Joints Produced by Magnetic Pulse Welding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ines%20Oliveira">Ines Oliveira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Reis"> Ana Reis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Magnetic Pulse Welding (MPW) is a cold solid-state welding process, accomplished by the electromagnetically driven, high-speed and low-angle impact between two metallic surfaces. It has the same working principle of Explosive Welding (EXW), i.e. is based on the collision of two parts at high impact speed, in this case, propelled by electromagnetic force. Under proper conditions, i.e., flyer velocity and collision point angle, a permanent metallurgical bond can be achieved between widely dissimilar metals. MPW has been considered a promising alternative to the conventional welding processes and advantageous when compared to other impact processes. Nevertheless, MPW current applications are mostly academic. Despite the existing knowledge, the lack of consensus regarding several aspects of the process calls for further investigation. As a result, the mechanical resistance, morphology and structure of the weld interface in MPW of Al/Cu dissimilar pair were investigated. The effect of process parameters, namely gap, standoff distance and energy, were studied. It was shown that welding only takes place if the process parameters are within an optimal range. Additionally, the formation of intermetallic phases cannot be completely avoided in the weld of Al/Cu dissimilar pair by MPW. Depending on the process parameters, the intermetallic compounds can appear as continuous layer or small pockets. The thickness and the composition of the intermetallic layer depend on the processing parameters. Different intermetallic phases can be identified, meaning that different temperature-time regimes can occur during the process. It is also found that lower pulse energies are preferred. The relationship between energy increase and melting is possibly related to multiple sources of heating. Higher values of pulse energy are associated with higher induced currents in the part, meaning that more Joule heating will be generated. In addition, more energy means higher flyer velocity, the air existing in the gap between the parts to be welded is expelled, and this aerodynamic drag (fluid friction) is proportional to the square of the velocity, further contributing to the generation of heat. As the kinetic energy also increases with the square of velocity, the dissipation of this energy through plastic work and jet generation will also contribute to an increase in temperature. To reduce intermetallic phases, porosity, and melt pockets, pulse energy should be minimized. The bond formation is affected not only by the gap, standoff distance, and energy but also by the mandrel’s surface conditions. No correlation was clearly identified between surface roughness/scratch orientation and joint strength. Nevertheless, the aspect of the interface (thickness of the intermetallic layer, porosity, presence of macro/microcracks) is clearly affected by the surface topology. Welding was not established on oil contaminated surfaces, meaning that the jet action is not enough to completely clean the surface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bonding%20mechanisms" title="bonding mechanisms">bonding mechanisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20welding" title=" impact welding"> impact welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermetallic%20compounds" title=" intermetallic compounds"> intermetallic compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20pulse%20welding" title=" magnetic pulse welding"> magnetic pulse welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave%20formation" title=" wave formation"> wave formation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63450/influence-of-mandrels-surface-on-the-properties-of-joints-produced-by-magnetic-pulse-welding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2383</span> The Structural, Elastic, Thermal, Electronic, and Magnetic Properties of Intermetallic rmn₂ge₂ (R=CA, Y, ND)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Benkaddour">I. Benkaddour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Benkaddour"> Y. Benkaddour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Benk%20Addour"> A. Benk Addour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The structural, elastic, Thermal, electronic, and magnetic properties of intermetallic RMn₂Ge₂ (R= Ca, Y, Nd) are investigated by density functional theory (DFT), using the full potential –linearised augmented plane wave method (FP-LAPW). In this approach, the local-density approximation (LDA) is used for the exchange-correlation (XC) potential. The equilibrium lattice constant and magnetic moment agree well with the experiment. The density of states shows that these phases are conductors, with contribution predominantly from the R and Mn d states. We have determined the elastic constants C₁₁, C₁₂, C₁₃, C₄₄, C₃₃, andC₆₆ at ambient conditions in, which have not been established neither experimentally nor theoretically. Thermal properties, including the relative expansion coefficients and the heat capacity, have been estimated using a quasi-harmonic Debye model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RMn%E2%82%82Ge%E2%82%82" title="RMn₂Ge₂">RMn₂Ge₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermetallic" title=" intermetallic"> intermetallic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first-principles" title=" first-principles"> first-principles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density%20of%20states" title=" density of states"> density of states</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150864/the-structural-elastic-thermal-electronic-and-magnetic-properties-of-intermetallic-rmn2ge2-rca-y-nd" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150864.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2382</span> Lexical Classification of Compounds in Berom: A Semantic Description of N-V Nominal Compounds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pam%20Bitrus%20Marcus">Pam Bitrus Marcus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Compounds in Berom, a Niger-Congo language that is spoken in parts of central Nigeria, have been understudied, and the semantics of N-V nominal compounds have not been sufficiently delineated. This study describes the lexical classification of compounds in Berom and, specifically, examines the semantics of nominal compounds with N-V constituents. The study relied on a data set of 200 compounds that were drawn from Bere Naha (a newsletter publication in Berom). Contrary to the nominalization process in defining the lexical class of compounds in languages, the study revealed that verbal and adjectival classes of compounds are also attested in Berom and N-V nominal compounds have an agentive or locative interpretation that is not solely determined by the meaning of the constituents of the compound but by the context of the usage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=berom" title="berom">berom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=berom%20compounds" title=" berom compounds"> berom compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nominal%20compound" title=" nominal compound"> nominal compound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N-V%20compounds" title=" N-V compounds"> N-V compounds</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171026/lexical-classification-of-compounds-in-berom-a-semantic-description-of-n-v-nominal-compounds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171026.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2381</span> Spark Plasma Sintering of Aluminum-Based Composites Reinforced by Nanocrystalline Carbon-Coated Intermetallic Particles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Z.%20Manuel">B. Z. Manuel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20D.%20Esmeralda"> H. D. Esmeralda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20S.%20Felipe"> H. S. Felipe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20R.%20H%C3%A9ctor"> D. R. Héctor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20de%20la%20Torre%20Sebasti%C3%A1n"> D. de la Torre Sebastián</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20L.%20Diego"> R. L. Diego</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aluminum Matrix Composites reinforced with nanocrystalline Ni3Al carbon-coated intermetallic particles, were synthesized by powder metallurgy. Powder mixture of aluminum with 0.5-volume fraction of reinforcement particles was compacted by spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique and the compared with conventional sintering process. The better results for SPS technique were obtained in 520ºC-5kN-3min.The hardness (70.5±8 HV) and the elastic modulus (95 GPa) were evaluated in function of sintering conditions for SPS technique; it was found that the incorporation of these kind of reinforcement particles in aluminum matrix improve its mechanical properties. The densities were about 94% and 97% of the theoretical density. The carbon coating avoided the interfacial reaction between matrix-particle at high temperature (520°C) without show composition change either intermetallic dissolution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum%20matrix%20composites" title="aluminum matrix composites">aluminum matrix composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermetallics" title=" intermetallics"> intermetallics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20plasma%20sintering" title=" spark plasma sintering"> spark plasma sintering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocrystalline" title=" nanocrystalline"> nanocrystalline</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6545/spark-plasma-sintering-of-aluminum-based-composites-reinforced-by-nanocrystalline-carbon-coated-intermetallic-particles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6545.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">452</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2380</span> Meta-Magnetic Properties of LaFe₁₂B₆ Type Compounds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baptiste%20Vallet-Simond">Baptiste Vallet-Simond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L%C3%A9opold%20V.%20B.%20Diop"> Léopold V. B. Diop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olivier%20Isnard"> Olivier Isnard</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The antiferromagnetic itinerant-electron compound LaFe₁₂B₆ occupies a special place among rare-earth iron-rich intermetallic; it presents exotic magnetic and physical properties. The unusual amplitude-modulated spin configuration defined by a propagation vector k = (¼, ¼, ¼), remarkably weak Fe magnetic moment (0.43 μB) in the antiferromagnetic ground state, especially low magnetic ordering temperature TN = 36 K for an Fe-rich phase, a multicritical point in the complex magnetic phase diagram, both normal and inverse magnetocaloric effects, and huge hydrostatic pressure effects can be highlighted as the most relevant. Both antiferromagnetic (AFM) and paramagnetic (PM) states can be transformed into the ferromagnetic (FM) state via a field-induced first-order metamagnetic transition. Of particular interest is the low-temperature magnetization process. This process is discontinuous and evolves unexpected huge metamagnetic transitions consisting of a succession of steep magnetization jumps separated by plateaus, giving rise to an unusual avalanche-like behavior. The metamagnetic transition is accompanied by giant magnetoresistance and large magnetostriction. In the present work, we report on the intrinsic magnetic properties of the La₁₋ₓPrₓFe₁₂B₆ series of compounds exhibiting sharp metamagnetic transitions. The study of the structural, magnetic, magneto-transport, and magnetostrictive properties of the La₁₋ₓPrₓFe₁₂B₆ system was performed by combining a wide variety of measurement techniques. Magnetic measurements were performed up to µ0H = 10 T. It was found that the proportion of Pr had a strong influence on the magnetic properties of this series of compounds. At x=0.05, the ground state at 2K is that of an antiferromagnet, but the critical transition field Hc has been lowered from Hc = 6T at x = 0 to Hc = 2.5 Tat x=0.05. And starting from x=0.10, the ground state of this series of compounds is a coexistence of AFM and FM parts. At x=0.30, the AFM order has completely vanished, and only the FM part is left. However, we still observe meta-magnetic transitions at higher temperatures (above 100 K for x=0.30) from the paramagnetic (P) state to a forced FM state. And, of course, such transitions are accompanied by strong magneto-caloric, magnetostrictive, and magnetoresistance effects. The Curie temperatures for the probed compositions going from x=0.05 to x=0.30 were spread over the temperature range of 40 K up to 100 K. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metamagnetism" title="metamagnetism">metamagnetism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RMB%20intermetallic" title=" RMB intermetallic"> RMB intermetallic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magneto-transport%20effect" title=" magneto-transport effect"> magneto-transport effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metamagnetic%20transitions" title=" metamagnetic transitions"> metamagnetic transitions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144245/meta-magnetic-properties-of-lafe12b6-type-compounds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2379</span> Wear Behavior of Intermetallic (Ni3Al) Coating at High Temperature </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Mehmood">K. Mehmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Asif%20Rafiq"> Muhammad Asif Rafiq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Nasir%20Khan"> A. Nasir Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mudassar%20Rauf"> M. Mudassar Rauf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Air plasma spraying system was utilized to deposit Ni3Al coatings on AISI 321 steel samples. After thermal spraying, the nickel aluminide intermetallic coatings were isothermal heat treated at various temperatures. In this regard, temperatures from 500 °C to 800 °C with 100 °C increments were selected. The coatings were soaked for 10, 30, 60 and 100 hours at the mentioned temperatures. These coatings were then tested by a pin on disk method. It was observed that the coatings exposed at comparatively higher temperature experienced lower wear rate. The decrease in wear rate is due to the formation of NiO phase. Further, the as sprayed and heat treated coatings were characterized by other tools such as Microhardness testing, optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray diffraction analysis. After isothermal heat treatment, NiO was observed the main phase by X-Ray diffraction technique. Moreover, the surface hardness was also determined higher than cross sectional hardness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20plasma%20spraying" title="air plasma spraying">air plasma spraying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ni%20-20Al" title=" Ni -20Al"> Ni -20Al</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tribometer" title=" tribometer"> tribometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermetallic%20coating" title=" intermetallic coating"> intermetallic coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nickel%20aluminide" title=" nickel aluminide "> nickel aluminide </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35455/wear-behavior-of-intermetallic-ni3al-coating-at-high-temperature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35455.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2378</span> Structural Characterization and Hot Deformation Behaviour of Al3Ni2/Al3Ni in-situ Core-shell intermetallic in Al-4Cu-Ni Composite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganesh%20V.">Ganesh V.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asit%20Kumar%20Khanra"> Asit Kumar Khanra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An in-situ powder metallurgy technique was employed to create Ni-Al3Ni/Al3Ni2 core-shell-shaped aluminum-based intermetallic reinforced composites. The impact of Ni addition on the phase composition, microstructure, and mechanical characteristics of the Al-4Cu-xNi (x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 wt.%) in relation to various sintering temperatures was investigated. Microstructure evolution was extensively examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Initially, under sintering conditions, the formation of "Single Core-Shell" structures was observed, consisting of Ni as the core with Al3Ni2 intermetallic, whereas samples sintered at 620°C exhibited both "Single Core-Shell" and "Double Core-Shell" structures containing Al3Ni2 and Al3Ni intermetallics formed between the Al matrix and Ni reinforcements. The composite achieved a high compressive yield strength of 198.13 MPa and ultimate strength of 410.68 MPa, with 24% total elongation for the sample containing 10 wt.% Ni. Additionally, there was a substantial increase in hardness, reaching 124.21 HV, which is 2.4 times higher than that of the base aluminum. Nanoindentation studies showed hardness values of 1.54, 4.65, 21.01, 13.16, 5.52, 6.27, and 8.39GPa corresponding to α-Al matrix, Ni, Al3Ni2, Ni and Al3Ni2 interface, Al3Ni, and their respective interfaces. Even at 200°C, it retained 54% of its room temperature strength (90.51 MPa). To investigate the deformation behavior of the composite material, experiments were conducted at deformation temperatures ranging from 300°C to 500°C, with strain rates varying from 0.0001s-1 to 0.1s-1. A sine-hyperbolic constitutive equation was developed to characterize the flow stress of the composite, which exhibited a significantly higher hot deformation activation energy of 231.44 kJ/mol compared to the self-diffusion of pure aluminum. The formation of Al2Cu intermetallics at grain boundaries and Al3Ni2/Al3Ni within the matrix hindered dislocation movement, leading to an increase in activation energy, which might have an adverse effect on high-temperature applications. Two models, the Strain-compensated Arrhenius model and the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model, were developed to predict the composite's flow behavior. The ANN model outperformed the Strain-compensated Arrhenius model with a lower average absolute relative error of 2.266%, a smaller root means square error of 1.2488 MPa, and a higher correlation coefficient of 0.9997. Processing maps revealed that the optimal hot working conditions for the composite were in the temperature range of 420-500°C and strain rates between 0.0001s-1 and 0.001s-1. The changes in the composite microstructure were successfully correlated with the theory of processing maps, considering temperature and strain rate conditions. The uneven distribution in the shape and size of Core-shell/Al3Ni intermetallic compounds influenced the flow stress curves, leading to Dynamic Recrystallization (DRX), followed by partial Dynamic Recovery (DRV), and ultimately strain hardening. This composite material shows promise for applications in the automobile and aerospace industries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=core-shell%20structure" title="core-shell structure">core-shell structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20deformation" title=" hot deformation"> hot deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermetallic%20compounds" title=" intermetallic compounds"> intermetallic compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powder%20metallurgy" title=" powder metallurgy"> powder metallurgy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192684/structural-characterization-and-hot-deformation-behaviour-of-al3ni2al3ni-in-situ-core-shell-intermetallic-in-al-4cu-ni-composite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192684.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">20</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2377</span> Characterization of Sintered Fe-Cr-Mn Powder Mixtures Containing Intermetallics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Yonetken">A. Yonetken</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Erol"> A. Erol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Cakmakkaya"> M. Cakmakkaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Intermetallic materials are among advanced technology materials that have outstanding mechanical and physical properties for high temperature applications. Especially creep resistance, low density and high hardness properties stand out in such intermetallics. The microstructure, mechanical properties of %88Ni-%10Cr and %2Mn powders were investigated using specimens produced by tube furnace sintering at 900-1300°C temperature. A composite consisting of ternary additions, a metallic phase, Fe ,Cr and Mn have been prepared under Ar shroud and then tube furnace sintered. XRD, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), were investigated to characterize the properties of the specimens. Experimental results carried out for composition %88Ni-%10Cr and %2Mn at 1300°C suggest that the best properties as 138,80HV and 6,269/cm3 density were obtained at 1300°C. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite" title="composite">composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20temperature" title=" high temperature"> high temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermetallic" title=" intermetallic"> intermetallic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sintering" title=" sintering"> sintering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30780/characterization-of-sintered-fe-cr-mn-powder-mixtures-containing-intermetallics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30780.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2376</span> Microvoid Growth in the Interfaces during Aging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Yong%20Park">Jae-Yong Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gwancheol%20Seo"> Gwancheol Seo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young-Ho%20Kim"> Young-Ho Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microvoids, sometimes called Kikendall voids, generally form in the interfaces between Sn-based solders and Cu and degrade the mechanical and electrical properties of the solder joints. The microvoid formation is known as the rapid interdiffusion between Sn and Cu and impurity content in the Cu. Cu electroplating from the acid solutions has been widely used by microelectronic packaging industry for both printed circuit board (PCB) and integrated circuit (IC) applications. The quality of electroplated Cu that can be optimized by the electroplating conditions is critical for the solder joint reliability. In this paper, the influence of electroplating conditions on the microvoid growth in the interfaces between Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC) solder and Cu layer was investigated during isothermal aging. The Cu layers were electroplated by controlling the additive of electroplating bath and current density to induce various microvoid densities. The electroplating bath consisted of sulfate, sulfuric acid, and additives and the current density of 5-15 mA/cm2 for each bath was used. After aging at 180 °C for up to 250 h, typical bi-layer of Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn intermetallic compounds (IMCs) was gradually growth at the SAC/Cu interface and microvoid density in the Cu3Sn showed disparities in the electroplating conditions. As the current density increased, the microvoid formation was accelerated in all electroplating baths. The higher current density induced, the higher impurity content in the electroplated Cu. When the polyethylene glycol (PEG) and Cl- ion were mixed in an electroplating bath, the microvoid formation was the highest compared to other electroplating baths. On the other hand, the overall IMC thickness was similar in all samples irrespective of the electroplating conditions. Impurity content in electroplated Cu influenced the microvoid growth, but the IMC growth was not affected by the impurity content. In conclusion, the electroplated conditions are properly optimized to avoid the excessive microvoid formation that results in brittle fracture of solder joint under high strain rate loading. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electroplating" title="electroplating">electroplating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=additive" title=" additive"> additive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microvoid" title=" microvoid"> microvoid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermetallic%20compound" title=" intermetallic compound"> intermetallic compound</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54612/microvoid-growth-in-the-interfaces-during-aging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54612.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2375</span> Investigation of Mutagenicity and DNA Binding Properties of Metal-Free and Metallophthalocyanines Containing α-Napththolbenzein Groups on the Peripheral Positions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meltem%20Bet%C3%BCl%20Sa%C4%9Flam">Meltem Betül Sağlam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halil%20I%CC%87brahim%20G%C3%BCler"> Halil İbrahim Güler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aykut%20Sa%C4%9Flam"> Aykut Sağlam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, phthalocyanine compounds containing α-naphtholbenzeinunits have been synthesized. Mutagenicity and DNA binding properties of the compounds were investigated by Salmonella/Microsome Assay and spectrophotometer. According to the results of the preliminary range finding tests, the compounds gave no toxic effect to all tester strain S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 at doses of 500, 1100, 350, 500 and 750 µg/plate in the presence and absence of S9, respectively. This study showed that all compounds exhibited efficient DNA-binding activity. In conclusion, these non-toxic compounds may be used as effective DNA dyes for molecular biology studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dye" title="dye">dye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutagenicity" title=" mutagenicity"> mutagenicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phthalocyanine" title=" phthalocyanine"> phthalocyanine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxicity" title=" toxicity"> toxicity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73822/investigation-of-mutagenicity-and-dna-binding-properties-of-metal-free-and-metallophthalocyanines-containing-a-napththolbenzein-groups-on-the-peripheral-positions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73822.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2374</span> Hysteresis Behavior and Microstructure in Nanostructured Alloys Cu-Fe and Cu-Fe-Co</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laslouni%20Warda">Laslouni Warda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Azzaz"> M. Azzaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The intermetallic-based on transition metal compounds present interesting magnetic properties for the technological applications (permanent magnets, magnetic recording…). Cu70 Fe18Co12 and Cu70 Fe30 nanostructured with crystallite size vary from 10 a 12 nanometers have been developed by a mechanical milling method. For Cu-Fe samples, the iron and copper distribution was clear. The distribution showed a homogeneous distribution of iron and copper in a Cu-Fe obtained after 36 h milling. The structural properties have been performed with X-ray diffraction. With increasing milling times, Fe and Co diffuse into the Cu matrix, which accelerates the formation of the magnetic nanostructure Cu- Fe-Co and Cu-Fe alloys. The magnetic behavior is investigated using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The two alloys nanocrystals possess ferromagnetic character at room temperature <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cu-Fe-Co" title="Cu-Fe-Co">Cu-Fe-Co</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cu-Fe" title=" Cu-Fe"> Cu-Fe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocrystals" title=" nanocrystals"> nanocrystals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM" title=" SEM"> SEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hysteresis%20loops" title=" hysteresis loops"> hysteresis loops</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VSM" title=" VSM"> VSM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anisotropy%20theory" title=" anisotropy theory"> anisotropy theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41508/hysteresis-behavior-and-microstructure-in-nanostructured-alloys-cu-fe-and-cu-fe-co" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41508.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2373</span> Elastic and Thermal Behaviour of LaX (X= Cd, Hg) Intermetallics: A DFT Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gitanjali%20Pagare">Gitanjali Pagare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hansa%20Devi"> Hansa Devi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20P.%20Sanyal"> S. P. Sanyal </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FLAPW) method has been employed within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and local spin density approximation (LSDA) as the exchange correlation potential to investigate elastic properties of LaX (X = Cd and Hg) in their B2-type (CsCl) crystal structure. The calculated ground state properties such as lattice constant (a0), bulk modulus (B) and pressure derivative of bulk modulus (B') agree well with the available experimental results. The second order elastic constants (C11, C12 and C44) have been calculated. The ductility or brittleness of these intermetallic compounds is predicted by using Pugh’s rule B/GH and Cauchy’s pressure (C12-C44). The calculated results indicate that LaHg is the ductile whereas LaCd is brittle in nature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ductility%2Fbrittleness" title="ductility/brittleness">ductility/brittleness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20constants" title=" elastic constants"> elastic constants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equation%20of%20states" title=" equation of states"> equation of states</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FP-LAPW%20method" title=" FP-LAPW method"> FP-LAPW method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermetallics" title=" intermetallics "> intermetallics </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6401/elastic-and-thermal-behaviour-of-lax-x-cd-hg-intermetallics-a-dft-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6401.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2372</span> Future Trends in Sources of Natural Antioxidants from Indigenous Foods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20El-Ghorab">Ahmed El-Ghorab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indigenous foods are promising sources of various chemical bioactive compounds such as vitamins, phenolic compounds and carotenoids. Therefore, the presence o different bioactive compounds in fruits could be used to retard or prevent various diseases such as cardiovascular and cancer. This is an update report on nutritional compositions and health promoting phytochemicals of different indigenous food . This different type of fruits and/ or other sources such as spices, aromatic plants, grains by-products, which containing bioactive compounds might be used as functional foods or for nutraceutical purposes. most common bioactive compounds are vitamin C, polyphenol, β- carotene and lycopene contents. In recent years, there has been a global trend toward the use of natural phytochemical as antioxidants and functional ingredients, which are present in natural resources such as vegetables, fruits, oilseeds and herbs.. Our future trend the Use of Natural antioxidants as a promising alternative to use of synthetic antioxidants and the Production of natural antioxidant on commercial scale to maximize the value addition of indigenous food waste as a good source of bioactive compounds such as antioxidants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioactive%20compounds" title="bioactive compounds">bioactive compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidants" title=" antioxidants"> antioxidants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=by-product" title=" by-product"> by-product</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indigenous%20foods" title=" indigenous foods"> indigenous foods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenolic%20compounds" title=" phenolic compounds"> phenolic compounds</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16743/future-trends-in-sources-of-natural-antioxidants-from-indigenous-foods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16743.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">484</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2371</span> Investigation of the Cathodic Behavior of AA2024-T3 in Neutral Medium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nisrine%20Benzbiria">Nisrine Benzbiria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Azzi"> Mohammed Azzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustapha%20Zertoubi"> Mustapha Zertoubi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 2XXX series of aluminum alloys are widely employed in several applications, such as beverages, automotive, and aerospace industries. However, they are particularly prone to localized corrosion, such as pitting, often induced by a difference in corrosion potential measured for intermetallic phases and pure metal. The galvanic cells comprising Al–Cu– Mn–Fe intermetallic phases control cathodically the dissolution rate as oxygen reduction reaction kinetics are privileged on Al–Cu–Mn–Fe particles. Hence, understanding the properties of cathode sites and the processes involved must be carried out. Our interest is to outline the cathodic behavior of AA2024-T3 in sodium sulfate solution using electrochemical techniques. Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was investigated in the mixed charge transfer and mass transport regime using the Koutecky-Levich approach. An environmentally benign inhibitor was considered to slow the ORR on the Cu-rich cathodic phases. The surface morphology of the electrodes was investigated with SEM/EDS and AFM. The obtained results were discussed accordingly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AA2024-T3" title="AA2024-T3">AA2024-T3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutral%20medium" title=" neutral medium"> neutral medium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ORR%20kinetics" title=" ORR kinetics"> ORR kinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koutecky-Levich" title=" Koutecky-Levich"> Koutecky-Levich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFT" title=" DFT"> DFT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180865/investigation-of-the-cathodic-behavior-of-aa2024-t3-in-neutral-medium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">53</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2370</span> Synthesis of [1-(Substituted-Sulfonyl)-Piperidin-4-yl]-(2,4-Difluoro-Phenyl)-Methanone Oximes and Their Biological Activity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Mallesha">L. Mallesha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20S.%20Karthik"> C. S. Karthik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Mallu"> P. Mallu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A series of new [1-(substituted-benzoyl)-piperidin-4-yl]-(2,4-difluoro-phenyl)-methanone oxime derivatives, 3(a-f) were synthesized and characterized by different spectral studies. All compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against bacterial strains. These compounds were screened for their antioxidant activity by DPPH• and Fe2+ chelating assay. Antiproliferative effects were evaluated using the MTT assay method against two human cancer cell lines and one astrocytoma brain tumor cell line. Compound 3b exhibited moderate antibacterial activity when compared with other compounds. All the compounds showed antioxidant activity, where compound 3f was the best radical scavenger and Fe2+ ion scavenger. Compounds, 3b, and 3d showed good activity on all cell lines, whereas the other compounds in the series exhibited moderate activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piperidine" title="Piperidine">Piperidine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial" title=" antibacterial"> antibacterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title=" antioxidant"> antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antiproliferative" title=" antiproliferative"> antiproliferative</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46525/synthesis-of-1-substituted-sulfonyl-piperidin-4-yl-24-difluoro-phenyl-methanone-oximes-and-their-biological-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46525.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2369</span> The Conceptual Relationships in N+N Compounds in Arabic Compared to English</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdel%20Rahman%20Altakhaineh">Abdel Rahman Altakhaineh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper has analysed the conceptual relations between the elements of NN compounds in Arabic and compared them to those found in English based on the framework of Conceptual Semantics and a modified version of Parallel Architecture referred to as Relational Morphology. The analysis revealed that the repertoire of possible semantic relations between the two nouns in Arabic NN compounds reproduces that in English NN compounds and that, therefore, the main difference is in headedness (right-headed in English, left-headed in Arabic). Adopting RM allows productive and idiosyncratic elements to interweave with each other naturally. Semantically transparent compounds can be stored in memory or produced and understood online, while compounds with different degrees of semantic idiosyncrasy are stored in memory. Furthermore, the predictable parts of idiosyncratic compounds are captured by general schemas. In compounds, such schemas pick out the range of possible semantic relations between the two nouns. Finally, conducting a cross-linguistic study of the systematic patterns of possible conceptual relationships between compound elements is an area worthy of further exploration. In addition, comparing and contrasting compounding in Arabic and Hebrew, especially as they are both Semitic languages, is another area that needs to be investigated thoroughly. It will help morphologists understand the extent to which Jackendoff’s repertoire of semantic relations in compounds is universal. That is, if a language as distant from English as Arabic displays a similar range of cases, this is evidence for a (relatively) universal set of relations from which individual languages may pick and choose. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20semantics" title="conceptual semantics">conceptual semantics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphology" title=" morphology"> morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compounds" title=" compounds"> compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arabic" title=" arabic"> arabic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=english" title=" english"> english</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156865/the-conceptual-relationships-in-nn-compounds-in-arabic-compared-to-english" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2368</span> The Relations of Volatile Compounds, Some Parameters and Consumer Preference of Commercial Fermented Milks in Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suttipong%20Phosuksirikul">Suttipong Phosuksirikul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rawichar%20Chaipojjana"> Rawichar Chaipojjana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arunsri%20Leejeerajumnean"> Arunsri Leejeerajumnean</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of research was to define the relations between volatile compounds, some parameters (pH, titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solid (TSS), lactic acid bacteria count) and consumer preference of commercial fermented milks. These relations tend to be used for controlling and developing new fermented milk product. Three leading commercial brands of fermented milks in Thailand were evaluated by consumers (n=71) using hedonic scale for four attributes (sweetness, sourness, flavour, and overall liking), volatile compounds using headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) GC-MS, pH, TA, TSS and LAB count. Then the relations were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). The PCA data showed that all of four attributes liking scores were related to each other. They were also related to TA, TSS and volatile compounds. The related volatile compounds were mainly on fermented produced compounds including acetic acid, furanmethanol, furfural, octanoic acid and the volatiles known as artificial fruit flavour (beta pinene, limonene, vanillin, and ethyl vanillin). These compounds were provided the information about flavour addition in commercial fermented milk in Thailand. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermented%20milk" title="fermented milk">fermented milk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volatile%20compounds" title=" volatile compounds"> volatile compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preference" title=" preference"> preference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCA" title=" PCA"> PCA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13920/the-relations-of-volatile-compounds-some-parameters-and-consumer-preference-of-commercial-fermented-milks-in-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13920.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">364</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2367</span> An Ab Initio Molecular Orbital Theory and Density Functional Theory Study of Fluorous 1,3-Dion Compounds </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ghammamy">S. Ghammamy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mirzaabdollahiha"> M. Mirzaabdollahiha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Quantum mechanical calculations of energies, geometries, and vibrational wavenumbers of fluorous 1,3-dion compounds are carried out using density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP) method with LANL2DZ basis sets. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies show that charge transfer occurs in the molecules. The thermodynamic functions of fluorous 1,3-dion compounds have been performed at B3LYP/LANL2DZ basis sets. The theoretical spectrograms for F NMR spectra of fluorous 1,3-dion compounds have also been constructed. The F NMR nuclear shieldings of fluoride ligands in fluorous 1,3-dion compounds have been studied quantum chemical. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density%20function%20theory" title="density function theory">density function theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20bond%20orbital" title=" natural bond orbital"> natural bond orbital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HOMO" title=" HOMO"> HOMO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LOMO" title=" LOMO"> LOMO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluorous" title=" fluorous"> fluorous</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5829/an-ab-initio-molecular-orbital-theory-and-density-functional-theory-study-of-fluorous-13-dion-compounds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5829.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermetallic%20compounds&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermetallic%20compounds&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermetallic%20compounds&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermetallic%20compounds&page=5">5</a></li> <li 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