CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Edo - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"407f673e-dd02-4835-a55a-af3cf9474231","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Edo","wgTitle":"Edo","wgCurRevisionId":1254500071,"wgRevisionId":1254500071,"wgArticleId":10191,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Articles lacking in-text citations from June 2023","All articles lacking in-text citations","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Coordinates on Wikidata","Articles containing Japanese-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from May 2024","Commons category link from Wikidata","Articles with Japanese-language sources (ja)","Edo","Edo period","History of Tokyo", "Populated places established in the 1450s","1457 establishments in Asia","1450s establishments in Japan","1868 disestablishments in Japan"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Edo","wgRelevantArticleId":10191,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":35.68388888888889,"lon":139.77444444444447},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false, "wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q215646","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init": "ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Location_TokyoJapan.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1302"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Location_TokyoJapan.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="868"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Location_TokyoJapan.jpg/640px-Location_TokyoJapan.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="694"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Edo - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Edo&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Edo rootpage-Edo skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Edo" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Edo" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Edo" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Edo" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Before_Tokugawa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Before_Tokugawa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Before Tokugawa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Before_Tokugawa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tokugawa_shogunate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tokugawa_shogunate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Tokugawa shogunate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tokugawa_shogunate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urbanism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urbanism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Urbanism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Urbanism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Urbanism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Urbanism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General_layout_of_the_city" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_layout_of_the_city"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>General layout of the city</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_layout_of_the_city-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Housing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Housing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Housing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Housing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Military_caste" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_caste"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Military caste</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_caste-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shonin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shonin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Shonin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shonin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Government and administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_and_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Edo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88" title="إيدو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيدو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8B" title="এদো – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এদো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Эда (горад) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эда (горад)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo" title="Edo – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Edo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_(k%C3%AAr)" title="Edo (kêr) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Edo (kêr)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_(Jap%C3%B3)" title="Edo (Japó) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Edo (Japó)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo" title="Edo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Edo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo" title="Edo – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Edo" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_(Japan)" title="Edo (Japan) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Edo (Japan)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo" title="Edo – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Edo" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo" title="Edo – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Edo" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Έντο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Έντο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo" title="Edo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Edo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo" title="Edo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Edo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_(Tokio)" title="Edo (Tokio) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Edo (Tokio)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88" title="ادو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ادو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_(ville)" title="Edo (ville) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Edo (ville)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%8F%84" title="에도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo" title="Edo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Edo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_(Jepang)" title="Edo (Jepang) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Edo (Jepang)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_(citt%C3%A0)" title="Edo (città) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Edo (città)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edas" title="Edas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Edas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo" title="Edo – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Edo" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8F%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B" title="ഏഡോ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഏഡോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B" title="एडो – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="एडो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88_(%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA)" title="ايدو (تجمع سكان فى توشيما ديستريكت) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايدو (تجمع سكان فى توشيما ديستريكت)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo" title="Edo – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Edo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Эдо – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эдо" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_(Japan)" title="Edo (Japan) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Edo (Japan)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B8" title="江戸 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="江戸" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_(by)" title="Edo (by) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Edo (by)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_(miasto)" title="Edo (miasto) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Edo (miasto)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo" title="Edo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Edo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%BE_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Эдо (город) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эдо (город)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo" title="Edo – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Edo" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo" title="Edo – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Edo" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_(mesto)" title="Edo (mesto) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Edo (mesto)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%AF%DB%86" title="ئێدۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێدۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo" title="Edo – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Edo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo" title="Edo – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Edo" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B0" title="เอโดะ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอโดะ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo" title="Edo – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Edo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%BE_(%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE)" title="Едо (місто) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Едо (місто)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88" title="ادو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ادو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo" title="Edo – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Edo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6" title="江戶 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="江戶" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6" title="江戶 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="江戶" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6" title="江戶 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="江戶" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6" title="江戶 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="江戶" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q215646#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Edo" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Edo" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Edo"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edo&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edo&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Edo"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edo&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edo&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Edo" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Edo" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edo&oldid=1254500071" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edo&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Edo&id=1254500071&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEdo"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEdo"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Edo&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edo&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Edo,_Japan" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q215646" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Edo&params=35_41_02_N_139_46_28_E_region:JP_type:city(1000000)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°41′02″N</span> <span class="longitude">139°46′28″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.68389°N 139.77444°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.68389; 139.77444</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about historical Tokyo. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Edo_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Edo (disambiguation)">Edo (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Yeddo" redirects here. For a town in Indiana, United States, see <a href="/wiki/Yeddo,_Indiana" title="Yeddo, Indiana">Yeddo, Indiana</a>.</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Former city in Musashi, Japan</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Edo</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="ja"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">江戸 (えど)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">Former city</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edo_P.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Folding screen view of Edo in the 17th century, showing Edo Castle on the upper right corner"><img alt="Folding screen view of Edo in the 17th century, showing Edo Castle on the upper right corner" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Edo_P.jpg/300px-Edo_P.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Edo_P.jpg/450px-Edo_P.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Edo_P.jpg/600px-Edo_P.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3389" data-file-height="1545" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><a href="/wiki/Folding_screen" title="Folding screen">Folding screen</a> view of Edo in the 17th century, showing <a href="/wiki/Edo_Castle" title="Edo Castle">Edo Castle</a> on the upper right corner</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_TokyoJapan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of the former city of Edo"><img alt="Location of the former city of Edo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Location_TokyoJapan.jpg/250px-Location_TokyoJapan.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Location_TokyoJapan.jpg/375px-Location_TokyoJapan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Location_TokyoJapan.jpg/500px-Location_TokyoJapan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="702" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of the former city of Edo</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Edo&params=35_41_02_N_139_46_28_E_region:JP_type:city(1000000)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°41′02″N</span> <span class="longitude">139°46′28″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.68389°N 139.77444°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.68389; 139.77444</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Japan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Japan" title="Provinces of Japan">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Musashi_Province" title="Musashi Province">Musashi</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Edo_Castle" title="Edo Castle">Edo Castle</a> built</th><td class="infobox-data">1457</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital of Japan <small>(<i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">De facto</a></i>)</small></th><td class="infobox-data">1603</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Renamed <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1868</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type of leader</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Feudal_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Feudal monarchy">Feudal government</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(1721)<sup id="cite_ref-Sansom_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sansom-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,000,000</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Edo</b> (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <span lang="ja"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B8" class="extiw" title="wikt:江戸">江戸</a></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'"bay-entrance" or "<a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuary</a>"'), also <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">romanized</a> as <b>Jedo</b>, <b>Yedo</b> or <b>Yeddo</b>, is the <a href="/wiki/Geographical_renaming" title="Geographical renaming">former name</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Edo, formerly a <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dkamachi" title="Jōkamachi">jōkamachi</a></i></span> (castle town) centered on <a href="/wiki/Edo_Castle" title="Edo Castle">Edo Castle</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Musashi_Province" title="Musashi Province">Musashi Province</a>, became the <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> capital of Japan from 1603 as the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa shogunate</a>. Edo grew to become one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities" title="List of largest cities">largest cities in the world</a> under the Tokugawa. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restoration" title="Meiji Restoration">Meiji Restoration</a> in 1868 the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Meiji_Japan" title="Government of Meiji Japan">Meiji government</a> renamed Edo as <i>Tokyo</i> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:東">東</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%AC" class="extiw" title="wikt:京">京</a></span></span>, "Eastern Capital") and relocated the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Emperor</a> from the historic capital of <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a> to the city. The era of Tokugawa rule in Japan from 1603 to 1868 is known as the <a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Before_Tokugawa">Before Tokugawa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Before Tokugawa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before the 10th century, there is no mention of Edo in historical records, but for a few settlements in the area. That name for the area first appears in the <a href="/wiki/Azuma_Kagami" title="Azuma Kagami">Azuma Kagami</a> chronicles, which have probably been used since the second half of the <a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian period</a>. Edo's development started in the late 11th century with a branch of the Kanmu-<a href="/wiki/Taira" class="mw-redirect" title="Taira">Taira</a> clan<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">桓武平氏</span></span>)</span> called the Chichibu clan<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">秩父氏</span></span>)</span> coming from the banks of the then-<a href="/wiki/Iruma_River" title="Iruma River">Iruma River</a>, present-day upstream of the Arakawa river. A descendant of the head of the Chichibu clan settled in the area and took the name Edo Shigetsugu<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">江戸重継</span></span>)</span>, likely based on the name used for the place, and founded the <a href="/wiki/Edo_clan" title="Edo clan">Edo clan</a>. Shigetsugu built a fortified residence, probably around the edge of the <a href="/wiki/Musashino_Plateau" title="Musashino Plateau">Musashino Terrace</a>, that would become Edo castle. Shigetsugu's son, <a href="/wiki/Edo_Shigenaga" title="Edo Shigenaga">Edo Shigenaga</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">江戸重長</span></span>)</span>, took the Taira's side against <a href="/wiki/Minamoto_no_Yoritomo" title="Minamoto no Yoritomo">Minamoto no Yoritomo</a> in 1180 but eventually surrendered to Minamoto and became a <a href="/wiki/Gokenin" title="Gokenin">gokenin</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Kamakura_shogunate" title="Kamakura shogunate">Kamakura shogunate</a>. At the fall of the shogunate in the 14th century, the Edo clan took the side of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Court" title="Southern Court">Southern Court</a>, and its influence declined during the <a href="/wiki/Muromachi_period" title="Muromachi period">Muromachi period</a>. </p><p>In 1456, a vassal of the Ōgigayatsu branch of the <a href="/wiki/Uesugi_clan" title="Uesugi clan">Uesugi clan</a> started to build a castle on the former fortified residence of the Edo clan and took the name <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cta_D%C5%8Dkan" title="Ōta Dōkan">Ōta Dōkan</a>. Dōkan lived in the castle until his assassination in 1486. Under Dōkan, with good water connections to Kamakura, Odawara and other parts of <a href="/wiki/Kant%C5%8D_region" title="Kantō region">Kanto</a> and the country, Edo expanded as a <i><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dkamachi" title="Jōkamachi">jōkamachi</a></i>, with the castle bordering a cove (now <a href="/wiki/Hibiya_Park" title="Hibiya Park">Hibiya Park</a>) opening into <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Bay" title="Tokyo Bay">Edo Bay</a>, and the town developing along the Hirakawa River running into the cove, and on <i>Edomaeto</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">江戸前島</span></span>)</span>, the stretch of land on the eastern side of the cove (now roughly where <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Station" title="Tokyo Station">Tokyo Station</a> is). Some priests and scholars fleeing Kyoto after the <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cnin_War" title="Ōnin War">Ōnin War</a> came to Edo during that period. </p><p>After the death of Dōkan, the castle became one of strongholds of the Uesugi clan, which fell to the <a href="/wiki/Later_H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D_clan" title="Later Hōjō clan">Later Hōjō clan</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Edo" title="Siege of Edo">battle of Takanawahara</a> in 1524, during the expansion of their rule over the Kantō area. When the Hōjō clan was finally defeated by <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi" title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi">Toyotomi Hideyoshi</a> in 1590, the Kanto area was given to rule to Toyotomi's senior officer <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Ieyasu" title="Tokugawa Ieyasu">Tokugawa Ieyasu</a>, who took his residence in Edo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tokugawa_shogunate">Tokugawa shogunate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Tokugawa shogunate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Famous-Places-of-Edo-1803-Kuwagata-Shoshin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Famous-Places-of-Edo-1803-Kuwagata-Shoshin.jpg/220px-Famous-Places-of-Edo-1803-Kuwagata-Shoshin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Famous-Places-of-Edo-1803-Kuwagata-Shoshin.jpg/330px-Famous-Places-of-Edo-1803-Kuwagata-Shoshin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Famous-Places-of-Edo-1803-Kuwagata-Shoshin.jpg/440px-Famous-Places-of-Edo-1803-Kuwagata-Shoshin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4669" data-file-height="3643" /></a><figcaption>Famous places of Edo in 1803</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Ieyasu" title="Tokugawa Ieyasu">Tokugawa Ieyasu</a> emerged as the paramount warlord of the <a href="/wiki/Sengoku_period" title="Sengoku period">Sengoku period</a> following his victory at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sekigahara" title="Battle of Sekigahara">Battle of Sekigahara</a> in October 1600. He formally founded the Tokugawa shogunate in 1603 and established his headquarters at <a href="/wiki/Edo_Castle" title="Edo Castle">Edo Castle</a>. Edo became the center of political power and the <i>de facto</i> capital of Japan, although the historic capital of <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a> remained the <i><a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a></i> capital as the seat of the emperor. Edo grew from a fishing village in <a href="/wiki/Musashi_Province" title="Musashi Province">Musashi Province</a> in 1457 into the largest <a href="/wiki/Metropolis" title="Metropolis">metropolis</a> in the world, with an estimated population of 1 million by 1721.<sup id="cite_ref-Sansom_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sansom-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meireki_fire.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Painted scroll of a great fire, with people trying to escape" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Meireki_fire.JPG/220px-Meireki_fire.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Meireki_fire.JPG/330px-Meireki_fire.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Meireki_fire.JPG/440px-Meireki_fire.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3375" data-file-height="1340" /></a><figcaption>Scroll depicting the Great Fire of Meireki</figcaption></figure> <p>Edo was repeatedly devastated by fires, the <a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_Meireki" title="Great Fire of Meireki">Great Fire of Meireki</a> in 1657 being the most disastrous, with an estimated 100,000 victims and a vast portion of the city completely burnt. The population of Edo was around 300,000,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Some sources say 400,000 or 500,000. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and the impact of the fire was tremendous. The fire destroyed the central keep of Edo Castle, which was never rebuilt, and it influenced the urban planning afterwards to make the city more resilient, with many empty areas to break spreading fires, and wider streets. Reconstruction efforts expanded the city east of the Sumida River, and some <i><a href="/wiki/Daimyo" title="Daimyo">daimyō</a></i> residences were relocated to give more space to the city, especially in the immediate vicinity of the shogun's residence, creating a large green space beside the castle, now the Fukiage gardens of the <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Imperial_Palace" title="Tokyo Imperial Palace">Imperial Palace</a>. During the Edo period, there were about 100 major fires, mostly begun by accident and often quickly escalating and spreading through neighborhoods of wooden <i><a href="/wiki/Nagaya_(architecture)" title="Nagaya (architecture)">nagaya</a></i> that were heated with charcoal fires. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edo_1844-1848_Map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Small, sepia-colored map of Edo in the 1840s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Edo_1844-1848_Map.jpg/220px-Edo_1844-1848_Map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Edo_1844-1848_Map.jpg/330px-Edo_1844-1848_Map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Edo_1844-1848_Map.jpg/440px-Edo_1844-1848_Map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5625" data-file-height="4769" /></a><figcaption>Map of Edo in the 1840s</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1868, the Tokugawa shogunate was overthrown in the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restoration" title="Meiji Restoration">Meiji Restoration</a> by supporters of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Meiji" title="Emperor Meiji">Emperor Meiji</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Court_in_Kyoto" title="Imperial Court in Kyoto">Imperial Court in Kyoto</a>, ending Edo's status as the <i>de facto</i> capital of Japan. However, the new Meiji government soon renamed Edo to <i><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dky%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Tōkyō">Tōkyō</a></i> (東京, "Eastern Capital") and the city became the formal capital of Japan when the emperor moved his residence to the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Urbanism">Urbanism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Urbanism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Very quickly after its inception, the shogunate undertook major works in Edo that drastically changed the topography of the area, notably under the Tenka-Bushin<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">天下普請</span></span>)</span> nationwide program of major civil works involving the now pacified <i><a href="/wiki/Daimyo" title="Daimyo">daimyō</a></i> workforce. The Hibiya cove facing the castle was soon filled after the arrival of Ieyasu, the Hirakawa river was diverted, and several protective moats and logistical canals were dug (including the Kanda river), to limit the risks of flooding. <a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">Landfill works</a> on the bay began, with several areas reclaimed during the duration of the shogunate (notably the Tsukiji area). East of the city and of the <a href="/wiki/Sumida_River" title="Sumida River">Sumida River</a>, a massive network of canals was dug. </p><p>Fresh water was a major issue, as direct wells would provide brackish water because of the location of the city over an estuary. The few fresh water ponds of the city were put to use, and a network of canals and underground wooden pipes bringing freshwater from the western side of the city and the <a href="/wiki/Tama_River" title="Tama River">Tama River</a> was built. Some of this infrastructure was used until the 20th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_layout_of_the_city">General layout of the city</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: General layout of the city"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city was laid out as a castle town around Edo Castle, which was positioned at the tip of the <a href="/wiki/Musashino_Terrace" class="mw-redirect" title="Musashino Terrace">Musashino terrace</a>. The area in the immediate proximity of the castle consisted of samurai and <i>daimyō</i> residences, whose families lived in Edo as part of the <i><a href="/wiki/Sankin-k%C5%8Dtai" title="Sankin-kōtai">sankin-kōtai</a></i> system; the <i>daimyō</i> made journeys in alternating years to Edo and used the residences for their entourages. The location of each residence was carefully attributed depending on their position as <a href="/wiki/Tozama_daimy%C5%8D" title="Tozama daimyō"><i>tozama</i></a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Shinpan_(daimyo)" title="Shinpan (daimyo)">shinpan</a></i> or <a href="/wiki/Fudai_daimy%C5%8D" title="Fudai daimyō"><i>fudai</i></a>. It was this extensive organization of the city for the samurai class which defined the character of Edo, particularly in contrast to the two major cities of Kyoto and <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>, neither of which were ruled by a <i>daimyō</i> or had a significant samurai population. Kyoto's character was defined by the Imperial Court, the <a href="/wiki/Kuge" title="Kuge">court nobles</a>, its Buddhist temples and its history; Osaka was the country's commercial center, dominated by the <i><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dnin" title="Chōnin">chōnin</a></i> or the merchant class. On the contrary, the samurai and <i>daimyō</i> residences occupied up to 70% of the area of Edo. On the east and northeast sides of the castle lived the <i>Shomin</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">庶民</span></span>, "regular people")</span> including the <i>chōnin</i> in a much more densely populated area than the samurai class area, organized in a series of gated communities called <i>machi</i> (町, "town" or "village"). This area, <a href="/wiki/Yamanote_and_Shitamachi" title="Yamanote and Shitamachi">Shitamachi</a> (下町, "lower town" or "lower towns"), was the center of urban and merchant culture. Shomin also lived along the main roads leading in and out of the city. The Sumida River, then called the Great River (大川, <i>Ōkawa</i>), ran on the eastern side of the city. The shogunate's official rice-storage warehouses<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other official buildings were located here. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hiroshige_le_pont_Nihonbashi_%C3%A0_l%27aube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Illustration of people crossing the wooden Edo Bridge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Hiroshige_le_pont_Nihonbashi_%C3%A0_l%27aube.jpg/220px-Hiroshige_le_pont_Nihonbashi_%C3%A0_l%27aube.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Hiroshige_le_pont_Nihonbashi_%C3%A0_l%27aube.jpg/330px-Hiroshige_le_pont_Nihonbashi_%C3%A0_l%27aube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Hiroshige_le_pont_Nihonbashi_%C3%A0_l%27aube.jpg/440px-Hiroshige_le_pont_Nihonbashi_%C3%A0_l%27aube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1618" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Nihonbashi in Edo, <i><a href="/wiki/Ukiyo-e" title="Ukiyo-e">ukiyo-e</a></i> print by <a href="/wiki/Hiroshige" title="Hiroshige">Hiroshige</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Nihonbashi" title="Nihonbashi">Nihonbashi</a> bridge<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">日本橋</span></span>, lit. "bridge of Japan")</span> marked the center of the city's commercial center and the starting point of the <a href="/wiki/Edo_Five_Routes" title="Edo Five Routes">gokaidō</a> (thus making it the de facto "center of the country"). Fishermen, craftsmen and other producers and retailers operated here. Shippers managed ships known as <i>tarubune</i> to and from Osaka and other cities, bringing goods into the city or transferring them from sea routes to river barges or land routes. </p><p>The northeastern corner of the city was considered dangerous in the traditional <i><a href="/wiki/Onmy%C5%8Dd%C5%8D" title="Onmyōdō">onmyōdō</a></i> cosmology and was protected from evil by a number of temples including <a href="/wiki/Sens%C5%8D-ji" title="Sensō-ji">Sensō-ji</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kan%27ei-ji" title="Kan'ei-ji">Kan'ei-ji</a>, one of the two tutelary <a href="/wiki/Bodaiji" title="Bodaiji">Bodaiji</a> temples of the Tokugawa. A path and a canal, a short distance north of Sensō-ji, extended west from the Sumida riverbank leading along the northern edge of the city to the <a href="/wiki/Yoshiwara" title="Yoshiwara">Yoshiwara</a> pleasure district. Previously located near Ningyōchō, the district was rebuilt in this more remote location after the great fire of Meireki. Danzaemon, the hereditary position head of <i><a href="/wiki/Burakumin" title="Burakumin">eta</a>,</i> or outcasts, who performed "unclean" works in the city resided nearby. </p><p>Temples and shrines occupied roughly 15% of the surface of the city, equivalent to the living areas of the townspeople, with however an average of one-tenth of its population. Temples and shrines were spread out over the city. Besides the large concentration in the northeast side to protect the city, the second Bodaiji of the Tokugawa, <a href="/wiki/Z%C5%8Dj%C5%8D-ji" title="Zōjō-ji">Zōjō-ji</a> occupied a large area south of the castle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Housing">Housing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Housing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Military_caste">Military caste</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Military caste"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The samurai and <i>daimyōs</i> residential estates varied dramatically in size depending on their status. Some daimyōs could have several of those residences in Edo. The upper residence<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">上屋敷</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">kami-yashiki</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span>, was the main residence while the lord was in Edo and was used for official duties. It was not necessarily the largest of his residences, but the most convenient to commute to the castle. The upper residence also acted as the representative embassy of the domain in Edo, connecting the shogunate and the clan. The shogunate did not exercise its investigative powers inside the precincts of the residential estate of the upper residence, which could also act as a refuge. The estate of the upper residence was attributed by the shogunate according to the status of the clan and its relation with the Shogun. The middle residence<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">中屋敷</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">naka-yashiki</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span>, a bit further from the castle, could house the heir of the lord, his servants from his fief when he was in Edo for the <a href="/wiki/Sankin-k%C5%8Dtai" title="Sankin-kōtai">sankin-kotai</a> alternate residency, or be a hiding residence if needed. The lower residence<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">下屋敷</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">shimo-yashiki</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span>, if there was any, was on the outskirts of town, more of a pleasure retreat with gardens. The lower residence could also be used as a retreat for the lord if a fire had devastated the city. Some of the powerful <i>daimyōs</i> residences occupied vast grounds of several dozens of hectares. Maintenance and operations of those residential estates could be extremely expensive. Samurai in service of a specific clan would normally live in the residence of their lord. </p><p>The <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Hatamoto" title="Hatamoto">hatamoto</a></i></span> samurais, in direct service of the Shogun, would have their own residences, usually located behind the castle on the Western side in the <a href="/wiki/Banch%C5%8D" title="Banchō">Banchō</a> area. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Shonin">Shonin</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Shonin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edo_Fukagawa_3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Edo_Fukagawa_3.JPG/220px-Edo_Fukagawa_3.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Edo_Fukagawa_3.JPG/330px-Edo_Fukagawa_3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Edo_Fukagawa_3.JPG/440px-Edo_Fukagawa_3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Typical ''nagaya'' housing district in backstreets</figcaption></figure> <p>In a strict sense of the word, <i>chōnin</i> were only the townspeople who owned their residence, which was actually a minority. The <i>shonin</i> population mainly lived in semi-collective housings called <i><a href="/wiki/Nagaya_(architecture)" title="Nagaya (architecture)">nagaya</a></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">長屋</span></span>, litt. "Long house")</span>, multi-rooms wooden dwellings, organized in enclosed <i>machi</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">町</span></span>, "town" or "village")</span>, with communal facilities, such as wells connected to the city's fresh water distribution system, garbage collection area and communal bathrooms. A typical <i>machi</i> was of rectangular shape and could have a population of several hundred. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edo_Hibachi.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Museum room with wood furniture and cooking utensils in center" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Edo_Hibachi.JPG/220px-Edo_Hibachi.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Edo_Hibachi.JPG/330px-Edo_Hibachi.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Edo_Hibachi.JPG/440px-Edo_Hibachi.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><i>Chōnin</i>-room exhibit at the <a href="/wiki/Fukagawa_Edo_Museum" title="Fukagawa Edo Museum">Fukagawa Edo Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>machi</i> had curfew for the night with closing and guarded gates called <i>kidomon</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">木戸門</span></span>)</span> opening on the main street<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">表通り</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><i>omote-dori</i></i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span> in the <i>machi</i>. Two floor buildings and larger shops, reserved to the higher-ranking members of the society, were facing the main street. A <i>machi</i> would typically follow a grid pattern and smaller streets, <i>Shinmichi</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">新道</span></span>)</span>, were opening on the main street, also with (sometimes) two-floor buildings, shop on the first floor, living quarter on the second floor, for the more well-off residents. Very narrow streets accessible through small gates called <i>roji</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">路地</span></span>)</span>, would enter deeper inside the <i>machi</i>, where single floor <i>nagayas</i>, the <i>uranagayas</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">裏長屋</span></span>, litt. "backstreet long houses")</span> were located. Rentals and smaller rooms for lower ranked <i>shonin</i> were located in those back housings. </p><p>Edo was nicknamed the City of 808 towns<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">江戸八百八町</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Edo happyaku yachō</i></span>)</span>, depicting the large number and diversity of those communities, but the actual number was closer to 1,700 by the 18th century. </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:758px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edo_Panorama_old_Tokyo_color_photochrom.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Edo, 1865 or 1866. Photochrom print. Five albumen prints joined to form a panorama. Photographer: Felice Beato"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Edo_Panorama_old_Tokyo_color_photochrom.jpg/750px-Edo_Panorama_old_Tokyo_color_photochrom.jpg" decoding="async" width="750" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Edo_Panorama_old_Tokyo_color_photochrom.jpg/1125px-Edo_Panorama_old_Tokyo_color_photochrom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Edo_Panorama_old_Tokyo_color_photochrom.jpg/1500px-Edo_Panorama_old_Tokyo_color_photochrom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2962" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Edo_Panorama_old_Tokyo_color_photochrom.jpg" title="File:Edo Panorama old Tokyo color photochrom.jpg"> </a></div>Edo, 1865 or 1866. <a href="/wiki/Photochrom" title="Photochrom">Photochrom</a> print. Five albumen prints joined to form a panorama. Photographer: <a href="/wiki/Felice_Beato" title="Felice Beato">Felice Beato</a></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_administration">Government and administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Government and administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Edo's municipal government was under the responsibility of the <i><a href="/wiki/R%C5%8Dj%C5%AB" title="Rōjū">rōjū</a></i>, the senior officials who oversaw the entire <i>bakufu</i> – the government of the Tokugawa shogunate. The administrative definition of Edo was called <i>Gofunai</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">御府内</span></span>, litt. "where the government is")</span>. </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Kanj%C5%8D-bugy%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanjō-bugyō">Kanjō-bugyō</a></i> (finance commissioners) were responsible for the financial matters of the shogunate,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereas the <i><a href="/wiki/Jisha-bugy%C5%8D" title="Jisha-bugyō">Jisha-Bugyō</a></i> handled matters related to shrines and temples. The <i><a href="/wiki/Machi-bugy%C5%8D" title="Machi-bugyō">Machi-bugyō</a></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">町奉行</span></span>)</span> were <i><a href="/wiki/Samurai" title="Samurai">samurai</a></i> (at the very beginning of the shogunate <a href="/wiki/Daimyo" title="Daimyo">daimyōs</a>, later <a href="/wiki/Hatamoto" title="Hatamoto">hatamoto</a>) officials appointed to keep the order in the city, with the word designating both the heading magistrate, the magistrature and its organization. They were in charge of Edo's day-to-day administration, combining the role of police, judge and fire brigade. There were two offices, the South Machi-Bugyō and the North Machi-Bugyō, which had the same geographical jurisdiction in spite of their name but rotated roles on a monthly basis. Despite their extensive responsibilities, the teams of the Machi-Bugyō were rather small, with 2 offices of 125 people each. The Machi-Bugyō did not have jurisdiction over the samurai residential areas, which remained under the shogunate direct rule. The geographical jurisdiction of the Machi-Bugyō did not exactly coincide with the Gofunai, creating some complexity on the handling on the matters of the city. The Machi-bugyō oversaw the numerous Machi where shonin lived through representatives called <i>Machidoshiyori</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">町年寄</span></span>)</span>. Each Machi had a Machi leader called <i><a href="/wiki/Nanushi" title="Nanushi">Nanushi</a></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">名主</span></span>)</span>, who reported to a <i>Machidoshiyori</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">町年寄</span></span>)</span> who himself was in charge of several Machis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Symbol_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg/28px-Symbol_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Symbol_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg/42px-Symbol_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Symbol_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg/56px-Symbol_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Tokyo" title="Portal:Tokyo">Tokyo portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edo_society" title="Edo society">Edo society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fires_in_Edo" title="Fires in Edo">Fires in Edo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1703_Genroku_earthquake" title="1703 Genroku earthquake">1703 Genroku earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edokko" title="Edokko">Edokko</a> (native of Edo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tokyo" title="History of Tokyo">History of Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iki_(aesthetics)" title="Iki (aesthetics)">Iki</a> (a Japanese aesthetic ideal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asakusa" title="Asakusa">Asakusa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Sansom-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sansom_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sansom_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sansom, George. <i>A History of Japan: 1615–1867</i>, p. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">US Department of State. (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/digestofinternat05mooriala/page/751"><i>A digest of international law as embodied in diplomatic discussions, treaties and other international agreements</i> (John Bassett Moore, ed.), Vol. 5, p. 759</a>; excerpt, "The Mikado, on assuming the exercise of power at Yedo, changed the name of the city to Tokio".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon, Andrew. (2003). <i>A Modern History of Japan from Tokugawa Times to the Present</i>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Taxes, and samurai stipends, were paid not in <a href="/wiki/Money" title="Money">coin</a>, but in rice. See <i><a href="/wiki/Koku" title="Koku">koku</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDeal2007" class="citation book cs1">Deal, William E. (2007). <i>Handbook to life in medieval and early modern Japan</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195331264" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195331264"><bdi>978-0195331264</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+to+life+in+medieval+and+early+modern+Japan&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0195331264&rft.aulast=Deal&rft.aufirst=William+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edo&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Forbes, Andrew; Henley, David (2014). <i>100 Famous Views of Edo</i>. Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books. ASIN: B00HR3RHUY</li> <li>Gordon, Andrew. (2003). <i>A Modern History of Japan from Tokugawa Times to the Present.</i> Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-511060-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-511060-9">0-19-511060-9</a>/<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-511060-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-511060-9">978-0-19-511060-9</a> (cloth); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-511061-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-511061-7">0-19-511061-7</a>/<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-511061-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-511061-6">978-0-19-511061-6</a>.</li> <li>Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1956). <i>Kyoto: the Old Capital, 794–1869.</i> Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bailey_Sansom" class="mw-redirect" title="George Bailey Sansom">Sansom, George</a>. (1963). <i>A History of Japan: 1615–1867</i>. Stanford: <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-0527-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-0527-5">0-8047-0527-5</a>/<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0527-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0527-1">978-0-8047-0527-1</a>.</li> <li>Akira Naito (Author), Kazuo Hozumi. <i>Edo, the City that Became Tokyo: An Illustrated History</i>. Kodansha International, Tokyo (2003). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/4-7700-2757-5" title="Special:BookSources/4-7700-2757-5">4-7700-2757-5</a></li> <li>Alternate spelling from <a href="/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="1911 Encyclopædia Britannica">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edo&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Edo,_Japan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Edo, Japan">Edo, Japan</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100206061835/http://www.ginacolliasuzuki.com/author/a-trip-to-old-edo.html">A Trip to Old Edo</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Japanese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kcf.or.jp/fukagawa/">Fukagawa Edo Museum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/9931">Map of Bushū Toshima District, Edo</a> from 1682</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215646#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215646#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215646#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/155680261">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1165580861">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Edo (Japan)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82130344">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="江戸"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00634075">Japan</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007559867905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA13032258?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edo&oldid=1254500071">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edo&oldid=1254500071</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Edo" title="Category:Edo">Edo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Edo_period" title="Category:Edo period">Edo period</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Tokyo" title="Category:History of Tokyo">History of Tokyo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_established_in_the_1450s" title="Category:Populated places established in the 1450s">Populated places established in the 1450s</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1457_establishments_in_Asia" title="Category:1457 establishments in Asia">1457 establishments in Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1450s_establishments_in_Japan" title="Category:1450s establishments in Japan">1450s establishments in Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1868_disestablishments_in_Japan" title="Category:1868 disestablishments in Japan">1868 disestablishments in Japan</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_in-text_citations_from_June_2023" title="Category:Articles lacking in-text citations from June 2023">Articles lacking in-text citations from June 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_in-text_citations" title="Category:All articles lacking in-text citations">All articles lacking in-text citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Japanese-language text">Articles containing Japanese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Japanese-language_sources_(ja)" title="Category:Articles with Japanese-language sources (ja)">Articles with Japanese-language sources (ja)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 31 October 2024, at 08:19<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edo&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-t6m7l","wgBackendResponseTime":220,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.725","walltime":"0.903","ppvisitednodes":{"value":6023,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":55667,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6937,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":8,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":36798,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 813.185 1 -total"," 24.97% 203.036 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 18.41% 149.707 1 Template:Infobox"," 15.46% 125.696 1 Template:Langx"," 11.89% 96.698 1 Template:Reflist"," 10.57% 85.972 1 Template:Authority_control"," 10.05% 81.747 1 Template:Cite_book"," 7.38% 60.036 1 Template:About"," 7.07% 57.517 20 Template:Main_other"," 6.56% 53.327 1 Template:More_footnotes_needed"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.480","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":27168056,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-5lrj5","timestamp":"20241128015704","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Edo","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edo","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q215646","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q215646","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-02-25T15:43:11Z","dateModified":"2024-10-31T08:19:54Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/47\/Location_TokyoJapan.jpg","headline":"former name of Tokyo, capital of Tokugawa Shogunate (1603-1868)"}</script> </body> </html>