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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Technical standards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technical_standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Government and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>National languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance_and_sovereignty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance_and_sovereignty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Governance and sovereignty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governance_and_sovereignty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Borders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Borders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Borders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Borders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Segregation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Segregation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Segregation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Segregation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-De_facto_state_of_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_facto_state_of_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span><i>De facto</i> state of war</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_facto_state_of_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage_and_domestic_partnerships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage_and_domestic_partnerships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Marriage and domestic partnerships</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Marriage_and_domestic_partnerships-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Marriage and domestic partnerships subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Marriage_and_domestic_partnerships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Relationships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Relationships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_Australia_and_New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Australia_and_New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>In Australia and New Zealand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Australia_and_New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Relationships_not_recognised_outside_Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationships_not_recognised_outside_Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1.1</span> <span>Relationships not recognised outside Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationships_not_recognised_outside_Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-marital_relationship_contract" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-marital_relationship_contract"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Non-marital relationship contract</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-marital_relationship_contract-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_law_–_custody" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_law_–_custody"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Family law – custody</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_law_–_custody-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Business" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Business</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Business-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Business subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Business-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Monopoly" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monopoly"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Monopoly</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monopoly-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Finance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intellectual_property" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intellectual_property"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Intellectual property</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intellectual_property-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header 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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>De facto</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 93 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-93" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">93 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9" title="حكم الأمر الواقع – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حكم الأمر الواقع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/De-fakto" title="De-fakto – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="De-fakto" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%A4" title="কার্যত – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কার্যত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Де факто – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Де факто" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5-%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Де-факто – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Де-факто" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%88" title="دفاکتو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دفاکتو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8D%B0_%ED%8C%8D%ED%86%A0" title="데 팍토 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="데 팍토" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A5_%D6%86%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%BF%D5%B8" title="Դե ֆակտո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դե ֆակտո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%A4%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%95" title="דה פקטו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דה פקטו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%94_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D" title="დე ფაქტო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დე ფაქტო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5-%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Де-факто – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Де-факто" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5-%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Де-факто – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Де-факто" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_fakto" title="De fakto – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="De fakto" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B6%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%8D" title="ໂດຍພຶດຕິນັຍ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໂດຍພຶດຕິນັຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Де факто – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Де факто" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%94_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D" title="დე ფაქტო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დე ფაქტო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9" title="حكم الواقع – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حكم الواقع" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5-%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Де-факто – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Де-факто" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE_%E1%80%96%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF" title="ဒီ ဖက်တို – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒီ ဖက်တို" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_fakto" title="De fakto – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="De fakto" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88" title="デ・ファクト – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="デ・ファクト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%AA" title="درحقیقت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="درحقیقت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%88" title="دفاکتو – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="دفاکتو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5-%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Де-факто – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Де-факто" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_fakto" title="De fakto – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="De fakto" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%8A%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%BD%D9%88" title="ڊي فيڪٽو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڊي فيڪٽو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_iure_-_de_facto" title="De iure - de facto – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="De iure - de facto" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%86" title="دی فاکتۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دی فاکتۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Дефакто – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дефакто" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="நடைமுறைப்படி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நடைமுறைப்படி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2" title="โดยพฤตินัย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โดยพฤตินัย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5-%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Де-факто – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Де-факто" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%AA" title="درحقیقت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="درحقیقت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="De facto" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q712144#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Practical rather than theoretical reality</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"In practice" redirects here. For the publication, see <a href="/wiki/In_Practice" title="In Practice"><i>In Practice</i></a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/De_facto_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="De facto (disambiguation)">De facto (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p><i><b>De facto</b></i> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span>-,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span>-/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">day <span style="font-size:90%">FAK</span>-toh, dee -⁠, də -⁠</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Latin:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="la-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latin" title="Help:IPA/Latin">[deː<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈfaktoː]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/transcoded\/f\/f3\/De_facto.wav\/De_facto.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De facto.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/f/f3/De_facto.wav/De_facto.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De_facto.wav" title="File:De facto.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">in fact</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) describes practices that exist in reality, regardless of whether they are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms.<sup id="cite_ref-Dictionary.com_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dictionary.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is commonly used to refer to what happens in practice, in contrast with <i><a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a></i> ('by law'). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jurisprudence_and_de_facto_law">Jurisprudence and <i>de facto</i> law</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_facto&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Jurisprudence and de facto law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not be confused with <a href="/wiki/Unenforced_law" title="Unenforced law">unenforced law</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the <a href="/wiki/Brussels_effect" title="Brussels effect">Brussels effect</a> for de facto "regulatory globalisation" by the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.</div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence" title="Jurisprudence">jurisprudence</a>, a <b><i>de facto</i> law</b> (also known as a <b><i>de facto</i> regulation</b>) is a law or regulation that is followed but "is not specifically enumerated by a law."<sup id="cite_ref-law_definition_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-law_definition-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By definition, <i>de facto</i> 'contrasts' <i>de jure</i> which means "as defined by law" or "as a matter of law."<sup id="cite_ref-de_facto_law_definition_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-de_facto_law_definition-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-definition_de_jure_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-definition_de_jure-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, if a particular law exists in one jurisdiction, but is followed in another where it has no legal effect (such as in another country), then the law could be considered a <i>de facto</i> regulation (a "<i>de facto</i> regulation" is not an officially prescribed legal classification for a <i>type of law</i> in a particular jurisdiction, rather, it is a concept about law(s).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-definition_jurisprudence_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-definition_jurisprudence-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-de_facto_law_definition_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-de_facto_law_definition-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <i>de facto</i> regulation <i>may</i> be followed by an organization as a result of the market size of the <i>jurisdiction imposing the regulation</i> as a proportion of the overall market; wherein the market share is so large that it results in the organization choosing to comply by implementing one standard of business with respect to the given <i>de facto</i> law instead of altering standards between different jurisdictions and markets (e.g. data protection, manufacturing, etc.).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The decision to voluntarily comply <i>may</i> be the result of: a desire to simplify manufacturing processes & cost-effectiveness (<i>such as adopting a <a href="/wiki/One_size_fits_all" title="One size fits all">one size fits all</a> approach</i>), consumer demand & expectation, or other factors known only to the complier.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AUDIENCE"><span title="An editor has requested that an example be provided. (May 2024)">example needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Sentence_(law)" title="Sentence (law)">prison sentences</a>, the term <b><i>de facto</i> life sentence</b> (also known as a <b>"virtual" life sentence</b>) is used to describe a "non-life sentence" that is long enough to end after the convicted person would have likely died due to old age, or one long enough to cause the convicted person to "live out the vast majority of their life in jail prior to their release."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technical_standards">Technical standards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_facto&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Technical standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/De_facto_standard" title="De facto standard">De facto standard</a></div> <p>A de facto standard is a standard (formal or informal) that has achieved a dominant position by tradition, enforcement, or market dominance. It has not necessarily received formal approval by way of a standardization process, and may not have an official standards document. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Technical_standard" title="Technical standard">Technical standards</a> are usually voluntary, such as <a href="/wiki/ISO_9000" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 9000">ISO 9000</a> requirements, but may be obligatory, enforced by government norms, such as <a href="/wiki/Water_quality" title="Water quality">drinking water quality</a> requirements. The term "de facto standard" is used for both: to contrast obligatory standards (also known as "de jure standards"); or to express a dominant standard, when there is more than one proposed standard. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Social_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Social sciences">social sciences</a>, a voluntary standard that is also a de facto standard, is a typical solution to a <a href="/wiki/Coordination_problem" class="mw-redirect" title="Coordination problem">coordination problem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ulmann_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ulmann-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_culture">Government and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_facto&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Government and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_languages">National languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_facto&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: National languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several countries, including Australia, Japan, Mexico, the United Kingdom and the United States, have a de facto <a href="/wiki/National_language" title="National language">national language</a> but no official, de jure national language. </p><p>Some countries have a de facto national language in addition to an official language. In <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, Arabic is an official language (in addition to <a href="/wiki/Standard_Moroccan_Amazigh" title="Standard Moroccan Amazigh">Tamazight</a> in the case of Morocco), but an additional de facto language is also French. In New Zealand, the official languages are <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Sign_Language" title="New Zealand Sign Language">New Zealand Sign Language</a>; however, English is a third de facto language. </p><p>Russian was the de facto official language of the central government and, to a large extent, <a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">republican</a> governments of the former <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, but was not declared de jure state language until 1990. A short-lived law, effected April 24, 1990, installed Russian as the sole de jure official language of the Union prior to its dissolution in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Bilingualism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Bilingualism in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">special administrative regions of China</a>, the official languages are English and Portuguese respectively, together with Chinese. However, no particular variety of Chinese referred to in law is specified. <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Cantonese" title="Hong Kong Cantonese">Hong Kong Cantonese</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese characters</a> is the de facto standard in both territories.<sup id="cite_ref-langlog_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-langlog-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governance_and_sovereignty">Governance and sovereignty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_facto&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Governance and sovereignty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:De-facto-territory-control-map-of-the-world-borderless-14-05-2019.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/De-facto-territory-control-map-of-the-world-borderless-14-05-2019.svg/310px-De-facto-territory-control-map-of-the-world-borderless-14-05-2019.svg.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/De-facto-territory-control-map-of-the-world-borderless-14-05-2019.svg/465px-De-facto-territory-control-map-of-the-world-borderless-14-05-2019.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/De-facto-territory-control-map-of-the-world-borderless-14-05-2019.svg/620px-De-facto-territory-control-map-of-the-world-borderless-14-05-2019.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="5911" data-file-height="3653" /></a><figcaption><i>De facto</i> political map of the world, May 2019</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">List of states with limited recognition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proto-state" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-state">Proto-state</a>, and <a href="/wiki/De_facto_embassy" title="De facto embassy">De facto embassy</a></div> <p>A de facto government is a government wherein all the attributes of sovereignty have, by usurpation, been transferred from those who had been legally invested with them to others, who, sustained by a power above the forms of law, claim to act and do really act in their stead.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In politics, a de facto leader of a country or region is one who has assumed authority, regardless of whether by lawful, constitutional, or legitimate means; very frequently, the term is reserved for those whose power is thought by some faction to be held by unlawful, unconstitutional, or otherwise illegitimate means, often because it had deposed a previous leader or undermined the rule of a current one. <i>De facto</i> leaders sometimes do not hold a constitutional office and may exercise power informally. </p><p>Not all <a href="/wiki/Dictator" title="Dictator">dictators</a> are de facto rulers. For example, <a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Augusto Pinochet</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> initially came to power as the chairperson of a <a href="/wiki/Military_junta" title="Military junta">military junta</a>, which briefly made him de facto leader of Chile, but he later amended the nation's constitution and made himself president until new elections were called, making him the formal and legal ruler of Chile. Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>'s formal rule of <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">Iraq</a> is often recorded as beginning in 1979, the year he assumed the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Iraq" title="President of Iraq">Presidency of Iraq</a>. However, his de facto rule of the nation began earlier: during his time as <a href="/wiki/Vice_president" title="Vice president">vice president</a>; he exercised a great deal of power at the expense of the elderly <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Hassan_al-Bakr" title="Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr">Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr</a>, the de jure president. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, the successive military coups that overthrew constitutional governments installed de facto governments in <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_F%C3%A9lix_Uriburu" title="José Félix Uriburu">1930–1932</a>, <a href="/wiki/1943_Argentine_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1943 Argentine coup d'état">1943–1946</a>, <a href="/wiki/Revoluci%C3%B3n_Libertadora" title="Revolución Libertadora">1955–1958</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Revolution" title="Argentine Revolution">1966–1973</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Reorganization_Process" title="National Reorganization Process">1976–1983</a>, the last of which combined the powers of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Argentina" title="President of Argentina">presidential office</a> with those of the <a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Argentina" title="National Congress of Argentina">National Congress</a>. The subsequent legal analysis of the validity of such actions led to the formulation of a <a href="/wiki/De_facto_government_doctrine" title="De facto government doctrine">doctrine of the de facto governments</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Case_law" title="Case law">case law</a> (<a href="/wiki/Precedent" title="Precedent">precedential</a>) formulation which essentially said that the actions and decrees of past de facto governments, although not rooted in legal legitimacy when taken, remained binding until and unless such time as they were revoked or repealed de jure by a subsequent legitimate government. </p><p>That doctrine was nullified by the <a href="/wiki/1994_amendment_of_the_Argentine_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="1994 amendment of the Argentine Constitution">constitutional reform of 1994</a>. Article 36 states: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> <ul><li>(1) This Constitution shall rule even when its observance is interrupted by acts of force against the institutional order and the democratic system. These acts shall be irreparably <a href="/wiki/Null_and_void" class="mw-redirect" title="Null and void">null</a>.</li> <li>(2) Their authors shall be punished with the penalty foreseen in Section 29, disqualified in perpetuity from holding public offices and excluded from the benefits of <a href="/wiki/Pardon" title="Pardon">pardon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Commutation_of_sentence" class="mw-redirect" title="Commutation of sentence">commutation</a> of sentences.</li> <li>(3) Those who, as a consequence of these acts, were to assume the powers foreseen for the authorities of this Constitution or for those of the provinces, shall be punished with the same penalties and shall be civil and criminally liable for their acts. The respective actions shall not be subject to prescription.</li> <li>(4) All citizens shall have the right to oppose resistance to those committing the acts of force stated in this section.</li> <li>(5) He who, procuring personal enrichment, incurs in serious fraudulent offense against the Nation shall also attempt subversion against the democratic system, and shall be disqualified to hold public office for the term specified by law.</li> <li>(6) Congress shall enact a law on public <a href="/wiki/Ethics" title="Ethics">ethics</a> which shall rule the exercise of public office.</li></ul> </blockquote> <p>Two examples of de facto leaders are <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> of the People's Republic of China and general <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Noriega" title="Manuel Noriega">Manuel Noriega</a> of <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a>. Both of these men exercised nearly all control over their respective nations for many years despite not having either legal constitutional office or the legal authority to exercise power. These individuals are today commonly recorded as the "leaders" of their respective nations; recording their legal, correct title would not give an accurate assessment of their power. </p><p>Another example of a de facto ruler is someone who is not the actual ruler but exerts great or total influence over the true ruler, which is quite common in monarchies. Some examples of these de facto rulers are <a href="/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Cixi" title="Empress Dowager Cixi">Empress Dowager Cixi</a> of China (for son <a href="/wiki/Tongzhi_Emperor" title="Tongzhi Emperor">Tongzhi Emperor</a> and nephew <a href="/wiki/Guangxu_Emperor" title="Guangxu Emperor">Guangxu Emperor</a>), Prince <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Danilovich_Menshikov" title="Alexander Danilovich Menshikov">Alexander Menshikov</a> (for his former lover Empress <a href="/wiki/Catherine_I_of_Russia" title="Catherine I of Russia">Catherine I of Russia</a>), <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu" title="Cardinal Richelieu">Cardinal Richelieu</a> of France (for <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIII of France">Louis XIII</a>), Queen <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Farnese" title="Elisabeth Farnese">Elisabeth of Parma</a> (for her husband, King <a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip V</a>) and Queen <a href="/wiki/Maria_Carolina_of_Austria" title="Maria Carolina of Austria">Maria Carolina of Naples and Sicily</a> (for her husband King <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies">Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Borders">Borders</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_facto&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Borders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The de facto boundaries of a country are defined by the area that its government is actually able to enforce its laws in, and to defend against encroachments by other countries that may also claim the same territory de jure. The <a href="/wiki/Durand_Line" title="Durand Line">Durand Line</a> is an example of a de facto boundary. As well as cases of <a href="/wiki/Border_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Border dispute">border disputes</a>, de facto boundaries may also arise in relatively unpopulated areas in which the border was never formally established or in which the agreed border was never surveyed and its exact position is unclear. The same concepts may also apply to a boundary between provinces or other subdivisions of a <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federal state</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Segregation">Segregation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_facto&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Segregation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In South Africa, although de jure <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> formally began in 1948, de facto racist policies and practices discriminating against black South Africans, People of Colour, and Indians dated back decades before.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Bundling_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This claim has too many footnotes for reading to be smooth. (March 2024)">excessive citations</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><i>De facto</i> racial discrimination and <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">segregation</a> in the United States (outside of the South) until the 1950s and 1960s was simply discrimination that was <em>not</em> segregation by law (de jure). "<a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a>", which were enacted in the 1870s, brought legal racial segregation against <a href="/wiki/Black_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Americans">black Americans</a> residing in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">American South</a>. These laws were legally ended in 1964 by the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cra64_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cra64-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-scjc7_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scjc7-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="De_facto_state_of_war"><i>De facto</i> state of war</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_facto&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: De facto state of war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most commonly used to describe large scale conflicts of the 20th century, the phrase <b>de facto state of war</b> refers to a situation where two nations are actively engaging, or are engaged, in aggressive military actions against the other without a formal <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_war" title="Declaration of war">declaration of war</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage_and_domestic_partnerships">Marriage and domestic partnerships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_facto&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Marriage and domestic partnerships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this section <b>may not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=De_facto&action=edit">improve this section</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:De_facto" title="Talk:De facto">talk page</a>, or create a new section, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationships"><span class="anchor" id="Relationships"></span> Relationships</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_facto&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Relationships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Domestic_partner" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic partner">domestic partner</a> outside <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">marriage</a> is referred to as a de facto husband or wife by some authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_Australia_and_New_Zealand">In Australia and New Zealand</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_facto&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: In Australia and New Zealand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Australian_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian law">Australian law</a>, a de facto relationship is a legally recognized, committed relationship of a couple living together (opposite-sex or same-sex).<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>De facto</i> unions are defined in the federal <a href="/wiki/Family_Law_Act_1975" title="Family Law Act 1975">Family Law Act 1975</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>De facto</i> relationships provide couples who are living together on a genuine domestic basis with many of the same rights and benefits as married couples. Two people can become a de facto couple by entering into a registered relationship (i.e.: civil union or domestic partnership) or by being assessed as such by the <a href="/wiki/Family_Court_of_Australia" title="Family Court of Australia">Family Court</a> or <a href="/wiki/Federal_Circuit_Court_of_Australia" title="Federal Circuit Court of Australia">Federal Circuit Court</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Couples who are living together are generally recognised as a de facto union and thus able to claim many of the rights and benefits of a married couple, even if they have not registered or officially documented their relationship,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although this may vary by state. It has been noted that it is harder to prove de facto relationship status, particularly in the case of the death of one of the partners.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2014, an Australian federal court judge ruled that a heterosexual couple who had a child and lived together for 13 years were not in a de facto relationship and thus the court had no jurisdiction to divide up their property under family law following a request for separation. In his ruling, the judge stated "de facto relationship(s) may be described as 'marriage like' but it is not a marriage and has significant differences socially, financially and emotionally."<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The above sense of de facto is related to the relationship between common law traditions and formal (statutory, regulatory, civil) law, and <a href="/wiki/Common-law_marriage" title="Common-law marriage">common-law marriages</a>. Common law norms for settling disputes in practical situations, often worked out over many generations to establishing <a href="/wiki/Precedent" title="Precedent">precedent</a>, are a core element informing decision making in <a href="/wiki/Legal_system" title="Legal system">legal systems</a> around the world. Because its early forms originated in <a href="/wiki/England_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="England in the Middle Ages">England in the Middle Ages</a>, this is particularly true in Anglo-American legal traditions and in former colonies of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>, while also playing a role in some countries that have mixed systems with significant admixtures of civil law. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Relationships_not_recognised_outside_Australia">Relationships not recognised outside Australia</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_facto&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Relationships not recognised outside Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Family_Court_of_Australia#Jurisdiction" title="Family Court of Australia">Family Court of Australia § Jurisdiction</a></div> <p>Due to <a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_Australia" title="Federalism in Australia">Australian federalism</a>, de facto partnerships can only be legally recognised whilst the couple lives within a state in Australia. This is because the power to legislate on de facto matters relies on referrals by States to the Commonwealth in accordance with <a href="/wiki/Section_51(xxxvii)_of_the_Australian_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 51(xxxvii) of the Australian Constitution">Section 51(xxxvii) of the Australian Constitution</a>, where it states the new federal law can only be applied back within a state.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There must be a nexus between the de facto relationship itself and the Australian state.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If an Australian de facto couple moves out of a state, they do not take the state with them and the new federal law is tied to the territorial limits of a state. The legal status and rights and obligations of the de facto or unmarried couple would then be recognised by the laws of the country where they are ordinarily resident. </p><p>This is unlike marriage and "matrimonial causes" which are recognised by sections 51(xxi) and (xxii) of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Australia" title="Constitution of Australia">Constitution of Australia</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and internationally by <a href="/wiki/Marriage_law" title="Marriage law">marriage law</a> and conventions, <a href="/wiki/International_matrimonial_law" title="International matrimonial law">Hague Convention on Marriages</a> (1978).<sup id="cite_ref-Hague_Convention_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hague_Convention-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-marital_relationship_contract">Non-marital relationship contract</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_facto&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Non-marital relationship contract"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A de facto relationship is comparable to non-marital relationship contracts (sometimes called "palimony agreements") and certain limited forms of domestic partnership, which are found in many jurisdictions throughout the world. </p><p>A de facto Relationship is not comparable to <a href="/wiki/Common-law_marriage" title="Common-law marriage">common-law marriage</a>, which is a fully legal marriage that has merely been contracted in an irregular way (including by habit and repute). Only nine U.S. states and the District of Columbia still permit common-law marriage; but common law marriages are otherwise valid and recognised by and in all jurisdictions whose rules of comity mandate the recognition of any marriage that was legally formed in the jurisdiction where it was contracted. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family_law_–_custody"><span id="Family_law_.E2.80.93_custody"></span>Family law – custody</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_facto&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Family law – custody"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>De facto</i> joint custody is comparable to the joint legal decision-making authority a married couple has over their child(ren) in many jurisdictions (Canada as an example). Upon separation, each parent maintains de facto joint custody, until such time a court order awards custody, either sole or joint. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Business">Business</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_facto&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Business"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monopoly">Monopoly</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_facto&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Monopoly"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A de facto <a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">monopoly</a> is a system where many suppliers of a product are allowed but the market is so completely dominated by one that the other players are unable to compete or even survive. The related terms <a href="/wiki/Oligopoly" title="Oligopoly">oligopoly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monopsony" title="Monopsony">monopsony</a> are similar in meaning and this is the type of situation that <a href="/wiki/United_States_antitrust_law" title="United States antitrust law">antitrust</a> laws are intended to eliminate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finance">Finance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_facto&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Finance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In finance, the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> has a pertinent definition: </p> <blockquote><p>A "de facto government" comes into, or remains in, power by means not provided for in the country's constitution, such as a coup d'état, revolution, usurpation, abrogation or suspension of the constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intellectual_property">Intellectual property</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_facto&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Intellectual property"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In engineering, <dfn>de facto technology</dfn> is a system in which the intellectual property and know-how is privately held. Usually only the owner of the technology manufactures the related equipment. Meanwhile, a <dfn>standard technology</dfn> consists of systems that have been publicly released to a certain degree so that anybody can manufacture equipment supporting the technology. For instance, in cell phone communications, CDMA1X is a de facto technology, while GSM is a standard technology. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_facto&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Examples of a de facto General Manager in sports include <a href="/wiki/Syd_Thrift" title="Syd Thrift">Syd Thrift</a> who acted as the GM of the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Orioles" title="Baltimore Orioles">Baltimore Orioles</a> between 1999 and 2002. <a href="/wiki/Bill_Belichick" title="Bill Belichick">Bill Belichick</a>, the former head coach of the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Patriots" title="New England Patriots">New England Patriots</a> in the <a href="/wiki/NFL" class="mw-redirect" title="NFL">NFL</a> did not hold the official title of GM, but served as de facto general manager as he had control over <a href="/wiki/NFL_draft" title="NFL draft">drafting</a> and other personnel decisions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_facto&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/de_facto" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/de facto">de facto</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convention_(political_norm)" title="Convention (political norm)">Convention (political norm)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fact" title="Fact">Fact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unenforced_law" title="Unenforced law">Unenforced law</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_facto&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup id="cite_ref-Introduction_to_Roman-Dutch_Law_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Introduction_to_Roman-Dutch_Law-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Afrikaner_political_thought:_analysis_and_documents_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Afrikaner_political_thought:_analysis_and_documents-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-leach_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leach-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_facto&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary</i>. S.v. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefreedictionary.com/de+facto">de facto</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210124122400/https://www.thefreedictionary.com/de+facto">Archived</a> 2021-01-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." Retrieved January 12, 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dictionary.com-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dictionary.com_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dictionary.com/browse/de-facto">"de facto"</a>. <i>Dictionary.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210124122404/https://www.dictionary.com/browse/de-facto">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary.com&rft.atitle=de+facto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fbrowse%2Fde-facto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADe+facto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See I. 3. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED2-de_facto" class="citation book cs1">"de facto". <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. 1989.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=de+facto&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADe+facto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-law_definition-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-law_definition_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/de_facto_law">"de facto law"</a>. <i>Cornell Law School Legal Information Institute</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cornell+Law+School+Legal+Information+Institute&rft.atitle=de+facto+law&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.cornell.edu%2Fwex%2Fde_facto_law&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADe+facto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-de_facto_law_definition-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-de_facto_law_definition_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-de_facto_law_definition_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/de_facto_law">"de facto law"</a>. <i>Cornell Law School</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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New York: Oxford University Press. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-514689-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-514689-1"><bdi>0-19-514689-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Strange+Career+of+Jim+Crow&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-19-514689-1&rft.aulast=Woodward&rft.aufirst=C.+Vann&rft.au=McFeely%2C+William+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADe+facto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing1995" class="citation book cs1">King, Desmond (1995). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/separateunequalb0000king"><i>Separate and Unequal: Black Americans and the US Federal Government</i></a></span>. New York: Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/separateunequalb0000king/page/n89">3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-828016-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-828016-5"><bdi>0-19-828016-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Separate+and+Unequal%3A+Black+Americans+and+the+US+Federal+Government&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-19-828016-5&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Desmond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fseparateunequalb0000king&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADe+facto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Lenore_E._Walker" title="Lenore E. Walker">Walker Lenore E.</a> "Battered Woman Syndrome. Empirical Findings." <i>Violence and Exploitation Against Women and Girls</i>, November 2006, p. 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRääbus2017" class="citation news cs1">Rääbus, Carol (22 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-06-22/de-facto-myths-and-tips-after-a-split/8641622">"Getting divorced without marriage: Your rights and responsibilities when a de facto relationship ends"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170908233244/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-06-22/de-facto-myths-and-tips-after-a-split/8641622">Archived</a> from the original on 8 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Getting+divorced+without+marriage%3A+Your+rights+and+responsibilities+when+a+de+facto+relationship+ends&rft.date=2017-06-22&rft.aulast=R%C3%A4%C3%A4bus&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2017-06-22%2Fde-facto-myths-and-tips-after-a-split%2F8641622&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADe+facto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/fla1975114/s4aa.html">"Family Law Act 1975 – Sect 4AA De facto relationships"</a>. <i>Australasian Legal Information Institute</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160412215824/http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/fla1975114/s4aa.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-04-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-09-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australasian+Legal+Information+Institute&rft.atitle=Family+Law+Act+1975+%E2%80%93+Sect+4AA+De+facto+relationships&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.austlii.edu.au%2Fau%2Flegis%2Fcth%2Fconsol_act%2Ffla1975114%2Fs4aa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADe+facto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.familycourt.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/fcoaweb/family-law-matters/separation-and-divorce/defacto-relationships/">"De facto Relationships"</a>. <i>Family Court of Australia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180922134827/http://familycourt.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/fcoaweb/family-law-matters/separation-and-divorce/defacto-relationships/">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-09-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-09-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Family+Court+of+Australia&rft.atitle=De+facto+Relationships&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.familycourt.gov.au%2Fwps%2Fwcm%2Fconnect%2Ffcoaweb%2Ffamily-law-matters%2Fseparation-and-divorce%2Fdefacto-relationships%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADe+facto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170210044537/https://www.lawsociety.com.au/community/publicationsandfaqs/DefactoRelationships/index.htm">"De facto Relationships"</a>. <i>The Law Society of New South Wales</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lawsociety.com.au/community/publicationsandfaqs/DefactoRelationships/index.htm">the original</a> on 2017-02-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-09-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Law+Society+of+New+South+Wales&rft.atitle=De+facto+Relationships&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lawsociety.com.au%2Fcommunity%2Fpublicationsandfaqs%2FDefactoRelationships%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADe+facto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElphick" class="citation news cs1">Elphick, Liam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sbs.com.au/topics/sexuality/agenda/article/2017/09/14/do-same-sex-couples-really-have-same-rights-married-couples">"Do same-sex couples really have the same rights as married couples?"</a>. <i>SBS News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170915203833/http://www.sbs.com.au/topics/sexuality/agenda/article/2017/09/14/do-same-sex-couples-really-have-same-rights-married-couples">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SBS+News&rft.atitle=Do+same-sex+couples+really+have+the+same+rights+as+married+couples%3F&rft.aulast=Elphick&rft.aufirst=Liam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbs.com.au%2Ftopics%2Fsexuality%2Fagenda%2Farticle%2F2017%2F09%2F14%2Fdo-same-sex-couples-really-have-same-rights-married-couples&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADe+facto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140504210414/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/legal-affairs/de-facto-couples-have-differences-to-married-counterparts-judge-says/story-e6frg97x-1226893110835">"De facto couples have differences to married counterparts, judge says"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Australian" title="The Australian">The Australian</a></i>. 23 April 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/legal-affairs/de-facto-couples-have-differences-to-married-counterparts-judge-says/story-e6frg97x-1226893110835">the original</a> on 4 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Australian&rft.atitle=De+facto+couples+have+differences+to+married+counterparts%2C+judge+says&rft.date=2014-04-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Fbusiness%2Flegal-affairs%2Fde-facto-couples-have-differences-to-married-counterparts-judge-says%2Fstory-e6frg97x-1226893110835&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADe+facto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrench2003" class="citation web cs1">French, Justice (Feb 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fedcourt.gov.au/aboutct/judges_papers/speeches_frenchj6.rtf">"The Referral of State Powers Cooperative Federalism lives?"</a>. <i>Western Australia Law Review</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120227132215/http://www.fedcourt.gov.au/aboutct/judges_papers/speeches_frenchj6.rtf">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-02-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-02-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Western+Australia+Law+Review&rft.atitle=The+Referral+of+State+Powers+Cooperative+Federalism+lives%3F&rft.date=2003-02&rft.aulast=French&rft.aufirst=Justice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fedcourt.gov.au%2Faboutct%2Fjudges_papers%2Fspeeches_frenchj6.rtf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADe+facto" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Thomas</i> (2007) 233 CLR 307, [208] (Kirby J).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See sections <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/fla1975114/s90rd.html">90RG</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120416210750/http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/fla1975114/s90rd.html">Archived</a> 2012-04-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/fla1975114/s90sd.html">90SD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120416132956/http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/fla1975114/s90sd.html">Archived</a> 2012-04-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/fla1975114/s90sk.html">90SK</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120416081424/http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/fla1975114/s90sk.html">Archived</a> 2012-04-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, section <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/fla1975114/s90ra.html">90RA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120416230922/http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/fla1975114/s90ra.html">Archived</a> 2012-04-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/fla1975114/">Family Law Act</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120309235045/http://www.austlii.edu.au/au//legis/cth/consol_act/fla1975114/">Archived</a> 2012-03-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/coaca430/s51.html">Section 51</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090411044012/http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/coaca430/s51.html">Archived</a> 2009-04-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australian_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Constitution">Australian Constitution</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hague_Convention-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hague_Convention_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legallanguage.com/resources/treaties/hague/1978-march-14th-convention-2">"Hague Convention on Marriages 1978"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120220134603/http://www.legallanguage.com/resources/treaties/hague/1978-march-14th-convention-2">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-02-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-02-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hague+Convention+on+Marriages+1978&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legallanguage.com%2Fresources%2Ftreaties%2Fhague%2F1978-march-14th-convention-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADe+facto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011195056/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/PROJECTS/EXTPOLICIES/EXTOPMANUAL/0,,contentMDK:20064666~menuPK:64701637~pagePK:64709096~piPK:64709108~theSitePK:502184,00.html">"OP 7.30 – Dealings with De Facto Governments"</a>. <i>Operational Manual</i>. The World Bank. July 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://go.worldbank.org/UHU8EMUDZ0">the original</a> on 2017-10-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-11-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Operational+Manual&rft.atitle=OP+7.30+%E2%80%93+Dealings+with+De+Facto+Governments&rft.date=2001-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgo.worldbank.org%2FUHU8EMUDZ0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADe+facto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=De_facto&oldid=1258172321">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=De_facto&oldid=1258172321</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Latin_legal_terminology" title="Category:Latin legal terminology">Latin legal terminology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Latin_words_and_phrases" title="Category:Latin words and phrases">Latin words and phrases</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru)" title="Category:CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)">CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Latin_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Latin IPA">Pages with Latin IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations" title="Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_examples" title="Category:All articles needing examples">All articles needing examples</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_examples_from_May_2024" title="Category:Articles needing examples from May 2024">Articles needing examples from May 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Citation_overkill" title="Category:Citation overkill">Citation overkill</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_tagged_with_the_inline_citation_overkill_template_from_March_2024" title="Category:Articles tagged with the inline citation overkill template from March 2024">Articles tagged with the inline citation overkill template from March 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_limited_geographic_scope_from_October_2022" title="Category:Articles with limited geographic scope from October 2022">Articles with limited geographic scope from October 2022</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 18 November 2024, at 14:39<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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