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未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-影響溶解度的因素" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#影響溶解度的因素"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>影響溶解度的因素</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-影響溶解度的因素-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关影響溶解度的因素子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-影響溶解度的因素-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-極性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#極性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>極性</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-極性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-溫度" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#溫度"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>溫度</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-溫度-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc--{zh-hans:压强;zh-hk:壓強;zh-hant:壓力}-" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#-{zh-hans:压强;zh-hk:壓強;zh-hant:壓力}-"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>压强</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc--{zh-hans:压强;zh-hk:壓強;zh-hant:壓力}--sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-固體和液體" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#固體和液體"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>固體和液體</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-固體和液體-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-氣體" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#氣體"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>氣體</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-氣體-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-原子半徑" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#原子半徑"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>原子半徑</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-原子半徑-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相關條目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相關條目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>相關條目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相關條目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">溶解度</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。65种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oplosbaarheid" title="Oplosbaarheid – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Oplosbaarheid" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="انحلالية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="انحلالية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubilid%C3%A1" title="Solubilidá – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Solubilidá" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Разтворимост – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Разтворимост" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="দ্রাব্যতা – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দ্রাব্যতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastvorljivost" title="Rastvorljivost – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rastvorljivost" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubilitat" title="Solubilitat – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Solubilitat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="توانەوەیەتی – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="توانەوەیەتی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozpustnost" title="Rozpustnost – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rozpustnost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%C4%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%C4%95%D1%85" title="Ирĕлеслĕх – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ирĕлеслĕх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydoddedd" title="Hydoddedd – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hydoddedd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opl%C3%B8selighed" title="Opløselighed – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Opløselighed" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6slichkeit" title="Löslichkeit – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Löslichkeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Διαλυτότητα – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διαλυτότητα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility" title="Solubility – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Solubility" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvebleco" title="Solvebleco – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Solvebleco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubilidad" title="Solubilidad – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Solubilidad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahustuvus" title="Lahustuvus – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lahustuvus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disolbagarritasun" title="Disolbagarritasun – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Disolbagarritasun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%B0%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="انحلال‌پذیری – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انحلال‌پذیری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liukoisuus" title="Liukoisuus – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Liukoisuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubilit%C3%A9" title="Solubilité – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Solubilité" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intuaslagthacht" title="Intuaslagthacht – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Intuaslagthacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubilidade" title="Solubilidade – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Solubilidade" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%AA" title="מסיסות – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מסיסות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="विलेयता – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विलेयता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topljivost" title="Topljivost – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Topljivost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solibilite" title="Solibilite – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Solibilite" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oldhat%C3%B3s%C3%A1g" title="Oldhatóság – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Oldhatóság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AE%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Լուծելիություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լուծելիություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelarutan" title="Kelarutan – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kelarutan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubilit%C3%A0" title="Solubilità – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Solubilità" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E5%BA%A6" title="溶解度 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="溶解度" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%88%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Ерігіштік – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ерігіштік" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%A9%ED%95%B4%EB%8F%84" title="용해도 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="용해도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirpumas" title="Tirpumas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tirpumas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Растворливост – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Растворливост" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%82" title="ലേയത്വം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലേയത്വം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keterlarutan" title="Keterlarutan – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Keterlarutan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oplosbaarheid" title="Oplosbaarheid – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oplosbaarheid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B8ysingsevne" title="Løysingsevne – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Løysingsevne" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B8selighet" title="Løselighet – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Løselighet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%98%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE" title="ਘੁਲਣਸ਼ੀਲਤਾ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਘੁਲਣਸ਼ੀਲਤਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozpuszczalno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Rozpuszczalność – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rozpuszczalność" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%84_%DA%A9%DB%90%D8%AF%D9%84" title="منحل کېدل – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="منحل کېدل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubilidade" title="Solubilidade – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Solubilidade" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubilitate" title="Solubilitate – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Solubilitate" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Растворимость – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Растворимость" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility" title="Solubility – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Solubility" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topljivost" title="Topljivost – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Topljivost" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility" title="Solubility – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Solubility" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozpustnos%C5%A5" title="Rozpustnosť – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rozpustnosť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topnost" title="Topnost – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Topnost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tretshm%C3%ABria" title="Tretshmëria – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tretshmëria" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%99%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Растворљивост – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Растворљивост" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6slighet" title="Löslighet – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Löslighet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="கரைதிறன் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கரைதிறன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" title="การละลาย – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การละลาย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubilidad" title="Solubilidad – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Solubilidad" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C3%B6z%C3%BCn%C3%BCrl%C3%BCk_(kimya)" title="Çözünürlük (kimya) – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çözünürlük (kimya)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Розчинність – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Розчинність" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84_%D9%BE%D8%B0%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="حل پذیری – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حل پذیری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99_h%C3%B2a_tan" title="Độ hòa tan – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Độ hòa tan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E5%BA%A6" title="溶解度 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="溶解度" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E5%BA%A6" title="溶解度 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="溶解度" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q170731#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E5%BA%A6" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E5%BA%A6" 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style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="化學" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg/42px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg/56px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:化學">化學主题</a></span></li></ul></div> <p><b>溶解度</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Solubility</span>）是指定溫、定壓時，每單位<a href="/wiki/%E9%A5%B1%E5%92%8C_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="饱和 (化学)">飽和溶液</a>中所含<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E8%B4%A8" title="溶质">溶質</a>的量<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；也就是一种物质能够被<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3" title="溶解">溶解</a>的最大程度或飽和溶液的濃度<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。通常用<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%94%E7%A9%8D%E8%8E%AB%E8%80%B3%E6%BF%83%E5%BA%A6" title="體積莫耳濃度">體積莫耳濃度</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E7%99%BE%E5%88%86%E6%B5%93%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="质量百分浓度">質量百分濃度</a>或「每100公克溶劑能溶解的溶質重」表示之<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。溶解度主要取决于<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E8%B4%A8" title="溶质">溶质</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E5%89%82" title="溶剂">溶劑</a>中的溶解<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E5%BA%A6%E7%A7%AF" title="溶度积">平衡常数</a>（溶度積）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%BA%A6" title="温度">溫度</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%81%E6%80%A7" title="极性">極性</a>、和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%93%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="壓力">压强</a>。相同溶質在不同溶劑下的溶解度不盡相同；相同溶劑在不同溶質下的溶解度不盡相同；即便是相同的溶質和溶液，在不同的環境因素下溶解度也不盡相同<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>當溶質分子進入溶液時，因為<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="分子">分子</a>可以自由移動，有些分子會碰撞到未溶解的晶體表面，並被吸引回到晶體表面析出，此即為結晶或沉澱。在分子不斷溶解和結晶的過程中，當溶解速率和結晶速率相等時，稱為<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1" title="溶解平衡">溶解平衡</a>。達到溶解平衡的溶液稱為<a href="/wiki/%E9%A5%B1%E5%92%8C_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="饱和 (化学)">飽和溶液</a>，此時溶質的濃度定義為溶解度<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。濃度低於溶解度的溶液稱為未飽和溶液；在某些特殊環境下，會產生濃度大於溶解度的溶液，稱為<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%87%E9%A5%B1%E5%92%8C" title="过饱和">過飽和溶液</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>如果一种溶质對溶液的溶解度很高，就说这种物质是可溶的；如果溶解度不高，称这种物质是微溶的；如果溶解度極低，则称这种物质是不溶或难溶的。在中國大陸，温度为20摄氏度时，將每100mL<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E5%89%82" title="溶剂">溶剂</a>中<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E8%B4%A8" title="溶质">溶质</a>的溶解度小于0.01g的物质称为难溶物质，在0.01~1<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B" title="克">克</a>之间的为微溶，1~10克为可溶，10克以上为易溶<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="影響溶解度的因素"><span id=".E5.BD.B1.E9.9F.BF.E6.BA.B6.E8.A7.A3.E5.BA.A6.E7.9A.84.E5.9B.A0.E7.B4.A0"></span>影響溶解度的因素</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：影響溶解度的因素"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="極性"><span id=".E6.A5.B5.E6.80.A7"></span>極性</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：極性"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%81%E6%80%A7%E6%BA%B6%E5%89%82" class="mw-redirect" title="极性溶剂">极性溶剂</a></div> <p>因為<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BB%B7%E9%94%AE" title="共价键">共價鍵</a>原子間的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%B4%9F%E6%80%A7" title="电负性">電負度</a>差異，使各原子對鍵結電子對的吸引力不盡相同。而當所有的吸引力造成的極矩無法平衡時，會稱分子具有極性<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。極性与物质溶解性的关系可以被概括为「相似相溶」：极性溶剂能够溶解<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="离子化合物">离子化合物</a>以及能离解的共价化合物，而非极性溶剂则只能够溶解非极性的共价化合物。這是因為極性分子和極性溶劑可以以<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9C%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="靜電力">靜電力</a>結合互溶，而非極性分子和非極性溶劑則以<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%E5%8A%9B" title="范德华力">凡德瓦力</a>相互作用力形成紊亂的分子混合物<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。常見的範例包括： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%9B%90" title="食盐">食盐</a>，是一种离子化合物，它能在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a>中溶解，却不能在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87" title="乙醇">乙醇</a>中溶解。</li> <li>油脂，是一種非极性的共价化合物，他不能在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a>中溶解，卻反而在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87" title="乙醇">乙醇</a>中溶解<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>若將不能互溶的水及非极性溶剂放在一起，它们不会形成均一的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="混合物">混合物</a>，反而會分离为两层，或形成看起来像牛奶一样的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E6%B5%8A%E6%B6%B2" title="乳浊液">乳浊液</a>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="溫度"><span id=".E6.BA.AB.E5.BA.A6"></span>溫度</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：溫度"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SolubilityVsTemperature.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/SolubilityVsTemperature.png/311px-SolubilityVsTemperature.png" decoding="async" width="311" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/SolubilityVsTemperature.png/467px-SolubilityVsTemperature.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/SolubilityVsTemperature.png 2x" data-file-width="583" data-file-height="481" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>根據<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E6%B2%99%E7%89%B9%E5%88%97%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" title="勒沙特列原理">勒沙特列原理</a>，溶解為<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B8%E7%83%AD%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="吸热反应">吸熱反應</a>時，溶解度隨溫度升高而增加<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，常見的例子包括: </p> <ul><li>大部分的鹽類</li></ul> <p>溶解為<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E7%83%AD%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="放热反应">放熱反應</a>時，溶解度隨溫度升高而降低，例如： </p> <ul><li>部分強<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%A3%E8%B4%A8" title="电解质">電解質</a></li> <li>部分<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BD" title="硫酸鹽">硫酸鹽</a>類（如硫酸鈣）</li> <li>部分<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="碳酸鹽">碳酸鹽</a>類（如碳酸鈣）</li></ul> <p>右圖是一張常見固體<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%90_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="盐 (化学)">鹽類</a>的溶解度與<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="溫度">溫度</a>的關係圖，可以見到溶解為放熱反應的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8%E9%93%88" class="mw-redirect" title="硫酸铈">硫酸铈</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%9C%E7%8E%87" title="斜率">斜率</a>為負，溶解為吸熱反應的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E9%92%A1" title="硝酸钡">硝酸鋇</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%9C%E7%8E%87" title="斜率">斜率</a>為正。實驗上調配飽和溶液時，常常使用此等溶解度-溫度圖來判斷距離<a href="/wiki/%E9%A5%B1%E5%92%8C_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="饱和 (化学)">飽和點</a>的距離；在關係曲線上方的數據點為過飽和溶液，在關係曲線上的點為飽和溶液，在關係曲線下方的點為未飽和溶液。 </p><p>關係曲線中途折断的，表示在相应于转折点的温度时，溶液组成发生了变化。例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8%E9%92%A0" title="硫酸钠">硫酸钠</a>的溶解度曲线在305.4K有一个转折点，表示在305.4K由<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2SO4 * 10H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>⋅</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2SO4 * 10H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ed1b67aec3e7aa7bdfd52dac41f275bece4a89fc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:17.111ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2SO4 * 10H2O}}}"></span>脱水转化成<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2SO4}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2SO4}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c01f23eacc3a5b53be0e5284963efebcb343520e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:8.115ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2SO4}}}"></span><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="-{zh-hans:压强;zh-hk:壓強;zh-hant:壓力}-"><span id="-.7Bzh-hans:.E5.8E.8B.E5.BC.BA.3Bzh-hk:.E5.A3.93.E5.BC.B7.3Bzh-hant:.E5.A3.93.E5.8A.9B.7D-"></span>压强</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：压强"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="亨利定律">亨利定律</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="固體和液體"><span id=".E5.9B.BA.E9.AB.94.E5.92.8C.E6.B6.B2.E9.AB.94"></span>固體和液體</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：固體和液體"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>對固體和液體而言，<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%83%B3%E6%BA%B6%E6%B6%B2" title="理想溶液">理想溶液</a>下，壓力對溶解度的關係可以用數學式表達為: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left({\frac {\partial \ln N_{i}}{\partial P}}\right)_{T}=-{\frac {V_{i,aq}-V_{i,cr}}{RT}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>ln</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>P</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mi>q</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left({\frac {\partial \ln N_{i}}{\partial P}}\right)_{T}=-{\frac {V_{i,aq}-V_{i,cr}}{RT}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a83e47bdf99a5fdd64062862d928d1697ff5be33" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:29.231ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left({\frac {\partial \ln N_{i}}{\partial P}}\right)_{T}=-{\frac {V_{i,aq}-V_{i,cr}}{RT}}}"></span> </p><p>其中符號<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>i</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/add78d8608ad86e54951b8c8bd6c8d8416533d20" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.802ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i}"></span>表示混合溶劑中的第<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>i</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/add78d8608ad86e54951b8c8bd6c8d8416533d20" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.802ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i}"></span>種溶質，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N_{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N_{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fef58cebf23adff9199f17325aefb5515fdca99d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.666ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N_{i}}"></span>為其<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94_(%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D)" title="摩尔 (单位)">莫耳數</a>，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>P</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b4dc73bf40314945ff376bd363916a738548d40a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.745ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P}"></span>表示壓力，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{i,aq}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mi>q</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{i,aq}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b1cb7bf31f32fbc858e75924090cdc635b89401d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:4.238ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{i,aq}}"></span>是其已溶部分的偏莫耳體積，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{i,cr}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{i,cr}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6854936c0ef7e91e91af9a38da440d3af146139d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:4.066ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{i,cr}}"></span>是其未溶部分的偏莫耳體積，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4b0bfb3769bf24d80e15374dc37b0441e2616e33" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R}"></span>是<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%83%B3%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94%E5%B8%B8%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="理想氣體常數">理想氣體常數</a>，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}"></span>表示一特定溫度<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。通常，壓力對<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93" title="固体">固體</a>溶質、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E4%BD%93" title="液体">液體</a>溶質的影響甚小，可以忽略<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但是在某些情況下此一性質極為重要，例如在<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A" title="采矿业">礦業</a>中，<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8%E9%92%99" title="硫酸钙">硫酸鈣</a>（溶解度隨著壓力降低）或會引起油田和油井沉澱結垢，久而久之可能導致生產率降低<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="氣體"><span id=".E6.B0.A3.E9.AB.94"></span>氣體</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：氣體"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>對氣體而言，依據<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="亨利定律">亨利定律</a>，壓强對溶解度的關係可以用數學式表達為: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p=k_{\rm {H}}\,c}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>c</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p=k_{\rm {H}}\,c}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/737f69fe6bc0df679796308faa937ba7b68ad7f5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:8.427ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p=k_{\rm {H}}\,c}"></span></dd></dl> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k_{H}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>H</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k_{H}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/351c1e520e31e1ebef5b01cfd77dc13f7aa388c3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.903ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k_{H}}"></span> 為一不受溫度影響之係數，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>p</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/81eac1e205430d1f40810df36a0edffdc367af36" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:1.259ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p}"></span>是該<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93%E5%88%86%E5%8E%8B" title="气体分压">氣體分壓</a>，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>c</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/86a67b81c2de995bd608d5b2df50cd8cd7d92455" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.007ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c}"></span> 為該氣體的體積莫耳濃度<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。亨利定律常見的應用包括: </p> <ul><li>當<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E6%B0%B4" class="mw-disambig" title="汽水">汽水瓶</a>打開時，會有氣體逸出，乃是因為瓶蓋打開時，壓强降低造成<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳">二氧化碳</a>溶解度降低而釋出。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="原子半徑"><span id=".E5.8E.9F.E5.AD.90.E5.8D.8A.E5.BE.91"></span>原子半徑</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：原子半徑"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%80%E6%9C%89%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93" title="稀有气体">稀有气体</a></div> <p>稀有氣體間的吸引力主要為<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%E5%8A%9B" title="范德华力">凡德瓦力</a>。由於<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E5%8C%96%E6%80%A7" title="極化性">極化性</a>的增加以及電離能的減少，此力會與<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84" title="原子半径">原子半徑</a>呈正相關。因此，隨著原子序增加，稀有氣體原子在水中的溶解度也增加。如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">氦</a>極難溶於水，但<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%99" title="氙">氙</a>能很好地溶于水中<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關條目"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E9.97.9C.E6.A2.9D.E7.9B.AE"></span>相關條目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：相關條目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%93%E5%BA%A6" title="浓度">浓度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E5%BA%A6%E7%A7%AF" title="溶度积">溶度積</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D%E7%B3%BB%E6%95%B0" title="分配系数">分配系数 (LogP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E6%BA%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="互溶">互溶</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%B6%E6%B6%B2%E7%99%BE%E5%88%86%E6%AF%94%E6%B5%93%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="溶液百分比浓度（页面不存在）">溶液百分比浓度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E6%80%A7%E8%A1%A8" title="溶解性表">溶解性表</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><b>1.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><sup><b>1.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">吳, 德鵬; 林, 勝立; 徐, 英珠; 張, 明娟; 陳, 秀真; 曾, 玉亨; 楊, 淑芬. 基礎化學. <a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%83%E5%9C%92%E5%B8%82" title="桃園市">桃園市</a>. 2016: 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E5%BA%A6&rft.btitle=%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E5%BA%A6-%E4%B9%9D%E5%B9%B4%E7%BA%A7%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E6%95%99%E6%A1%88&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E8%8C%83%E6%96%87%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diyifanwen.com%2Fjiaoan%2Fjiunianjihuaxuejiaoan%2F132917076313291773271811.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">王, 晶; 鄭, 長龍. 人教版初中《化学》九年级上册. <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="北京">北京</a>: 人民教育出版社. 2012: 36.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E5%BA%A6&rft.au=%E9%84%AD%2C+%E9%95%B7%E9%BE%8D&rft.aufirst=%E6%99%B6&rft.aulast=%E7%8E%8B&rft.btitle=%E4%BA%BA%E6%95%99%E7%89%88%E5%88%9D%E4%B8%AD%E3%80%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E3%80%8B%E4%B9%9D%E5%B9%B4%E7%BA%A7%E4%B8%8A%E5%86%8C&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=36&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-0"><sup><b>5.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-1"><sup><b>5.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Mortimer, Charles E. 吳, 惠平 , 编. 大學化學. 台北: 科技圖書. 1995. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9576552362" title="Special:网络书源/9576552362"><span 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href="http://highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw/wordpress/?p=18700">原始内容</a>存档于2021-01-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E5%BA%A6&rft.au=%E6%9E%97%E7%A7%80%E8%93%81%3B+%E9%99%B3%E8%97%B9%E7%84%B6&rft.btitle=%E9%9B%BB%E8%B2%A0%E5%BA%A6%28Electronegativity%29%E3%80%81%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E5%BA%A6%28Solubility%29%E3%80%81%E9%85%B8%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%B7%E5%BA%A6%28Acidity%29&rft.date=2012-12-30&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhighscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw%2Fwordpress%2F%3Fp%3D18700&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="南京大學">南京大學</a>大學化學實驗教學組. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190609122849/http://chemlabs.nju.edu.cn/lab/content/kno3/rjd.htm">溶解度、溶解度与温度的关系</a>. chemlabs.nju.edu.cn. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-02-04</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chemlabs.nju.edu.cn/lab/content/kno3/rjd.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2019-06-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E5%BA%A6&rft.atitle=%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E5%BA%A6%E3%80%81%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E5%BA%A6%E4%B8%8E%E6%B8%A9%E5%BA%A6%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&rft.au=%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E6%95%99%E5%AD%B8%E7%B5%84&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chemlabs.nju.edu.cn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchemlabs.nju.edu.cn%2Flab%2Fcontent%2Fkno3%2Frjd.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span 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Mendeleev Communications. 1999, <b>9</b> (5): 209–210. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1070%2FMC1999v009n05ABEH001104"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1070/MC1999v009n05ABEH001104</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E5%BA%A6&rft.atitle=Clathrate+hydrates+of+hydrogen+and+neon&rft.au=Dyadin%2C+Yuri+A.&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=5&rft.jtitle=Mendeleev+Communications&rft.pages=209-210&rft.volume=9&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1070%2FMC1999v009n05ABEH001104&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/%E8%A6%8F%E5%89%87%E6%BA%B6%E6%B6%B2" title="規則溶液">規則溶液</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%93%E5%BA%A6" title="浓度">浓度</a><br />与相关量</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%94%E7%A9%8D%E8%8E%AB%E8%80%B3%E6%BF%83%E5%BA%A6" title="體積莫耳濃度">體積莫耳濃度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E9%87%8F%E6%91%A9%E7%88%BE%E6%BF%83%E5%BA%A6" title="重量摩爾濃度">重量摩爾濃度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%93%E7%A7%AF%E5%88%86%E6%95%B0" title="体积分数">体积分数</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%88%86%E6%95%B0" title="质量分数">质量分数</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E6%B5%93%E5%BA%A6" title="质量浓度">质量浓度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E8%90%AC%E5%88%86%E6%AF%94" title="百萬分比">百萬分比</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%84%84%E5%88%86%E6%AF%94" title="十億分比">十億分比</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B6%E9%87%8F%E6%BF%83%E5%BA%A6" title="當量濃度">當量濃度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E5%88%86%E6%95%B0" title="摩尔分数">摩尔分数</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%88%86%E6%95%B0" title="质量分数">质量分数</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="丰度">丰度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E6%AF%94" title="混合比">混合比</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E6%80%A7%E5%BA%A6" title="活性度">活性度</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">溶解度</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1" title="溶解平衡">溶解平衡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93" title="总溶解固体">总溶解固体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3" title="溶解">溶解</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E5%8A%91%E6%AE%BC" title="溶劑殼">溶劑殼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E7%86%B1" title="溶解熱">溶解熱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E6%A0%BC%E8%83%BD" title="晶格能">晶格能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B9%8C%E5%B0%94%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="拉乌尔定律">拉乌尔定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="亨利定律">亨利定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E5%BA%A6%E8%A1%A8" title="溶解度表">溶解度表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E6%80%A7%E8%A1%A8" title="溶解性表">溶解度图</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E5%BA%A6%E7%A7%AF" title="溶度积">溶度積</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E5%BA%A6%E7%A7%AF%E8%A1%A8" title="溶度积表">溶度積表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E5%89%82" title="溶剂">溶剂</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%BA%B6%E5%8A%91" title="Category:溶劑">分类</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E5%BA%A6%E7%B3%BB%E6%95%B0" title="酸度系数">酸度系数</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90%E6%BA%B6%E5%89%82" title="质子溶剂">质子溶剂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E6%A9%9F%E9%9D%9E%E6%B0%B4%E6%BA%B6%E5%8A%91" title="無機非水溶劑">無機非水溶劑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E5%8A%91%E5%8C%96" title="溶劑化">溶劑化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E5%89%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="溶剂列表">溶剂列表</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D%E7%B3%BB%E6%95%B0" title="分配系数">分配系数</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%81%E6%80%A7" title="极性">极性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%8F%E6%B0%B4%E6%80%A7" title="疏水性">疏水性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E6%B0%B4%E6%80%A7" title="親水性">親水性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E8%84%82%E6%80%A7" title="親脂性">親脂性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A4%E4%BA%B2%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="两亲分子">两亲分子</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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