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vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-概況" 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<span>阿育陀耶日本人町</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-阿育陀耶日本人町-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-会安日本人町" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#会安日本人町"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>会安日本人町</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-会安日本人町-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-腳注" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#腳注"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>腳注</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-腳注-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相關項目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相關項目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>相關項目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相關項目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">日本人町</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。4种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-4" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">4种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihonmachi" title="Nihonmachi – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nihonmachi" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%87%D9%88%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%86%DB%8C" title="نیهونماچی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیهونماچی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihonmachi" title="Nihonmachi – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nihonmachi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihonmachi" title="Nihonmachi – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nihonmachi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11086231#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E7%94%BA"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Japantowns.jpg/300px-Japantowns.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Japantowns.jpg/450px-Japantowns.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Japantowns.jpg/600px-Japantowns.jpg 2x" data-file-width="762" data-file-height="677" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #B0C4DE; border-bottom: 1px solid border-top:1px solid; table-layout:fixed;;">日語寫法</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">日語原文</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><span lang="ja">日本人町</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="注音假名">假名</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><span lang="ja">にほんじんまち</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%96%87%E5%BC%8F%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%97" title="平文式罗马字">平文式罗马字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><span lang="ja-Latn" title="日语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Nihonjin-machi</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>日本人町</b>（日语：<span title="漢字或假名表記（原文）"><span lang="ja">日本人町</span></span><small>／</small><span title="平假名表記"><span lang="ja">にほんじんまち</span></span><sup> <i><span title="羅馬字表記" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none" lang="ja-Latn">Nihonjin-machi</span></i></sup>），又称为日本町、日本街，指的是<b>历史上</b>位于东亚（<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>以外）和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="东南亚">东南亚</a>的日本人社区。与其类似的概念包括“<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%A1%97" class="mw-redirect" title="日本街">日本街</a>（<span lang="ja">日本人街</span>／<span lang="en">Japantown</span>）”，它们的相异之处为前者为历史概念，多指古代的海外日本人社区（尤其是<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E8%B2%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="商貿">商贸</a>意义的定居点），后者则多指现在的海外日本人社区。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E7%94%BA&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>16世纪至17世纪，日本人的海外活动开始在东亚、东南亚等地区逐渐繁盛。因此，当时一些日本人为了方便海外活动而逐渐移居他国，日本以外的日本人社区陆续出现，其中一些稍具规模的则被称为“日本人町”。日本人町在当时这些地区的主要港口或政治中心常可以被发现，且对这些地区的政治和经济都产生了一定的影响。 </p><p>几个世纪以来，日本人由于商业、政治、宗教等原因活跃在这些地区及海上。16世纪，这样的海外活动迅猛增加。日本<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="战国时代 (日本)">战国时代</a>的内战致使很多日本人，尤其是<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%A3%AB" class="mw-disambig" title="武士">武士</a>、傭兵、普通商人以及罗马天主教（吉利支丹）难民，转而来到海外去寻找财富。这些离开日本的人包括很多在内战中效忠失败方的武士、一些<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="浪人">浪人</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E6%9B%86%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="萬曆朝鮮戰爭">萬曆朝鮮戰爭</a>或其他战争中的的退役军人。另外，由于<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B0%E8%87%A3%E7%A7%80%E5%90%89" title="丰臣秀吉">丰臣秀吉</a>和其后的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B8%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="江戸幕府">江戸幕府</a>皆禁止基督教，很多日本教徒离开本国，其中很多人则去往天主教盛行的马尼拉<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>中国<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝">明朝</a>政府对中日间的直接贸易往来实行<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%A6%81" title="海禁">海禁</a>政策，因此东南亚成了日本商人的首选。1557年以后，中国取消了对东南亚贸易的禁令，一些因为触犯次禁令而被视为<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%9B%97" title="海盗">海盗</a>的商人因此开始合法活动，而中日间的直接贸易仍然是非法的<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。等等这些因素致使当时东亚和东南亚间贸易往来的繁荣，这一时代被<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="东南亚">东南亚</a>史研究者<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC%E3%83%BB%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安东尼・雷德（页面不存在）">安东尼・雷德</a>（<span lang="en">Anthony Reid</span>）称为“商贸时代（the Age of Commerce）”<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>当时的日本人在海外从事多种职业，其中大多数为商人、被雇佣者、船员、士兵、手工劳动者<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1590年代由丰臣秀吉創設并在17世纪的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%B7" title="德川家康">德川家康</a>时代继续施行的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E5%8D%B0%E8%88%B9" title="朱印船">朱印船</a>制度，使这些海外贸易等活动达到了高峰。通过这些海上活动者及其海外社区，日本的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E5%8F%A3%E6%B8%AF" title="轉口港">轉口港</a>贸易在东南亚繁盛起来。很多活跃的港口都有港都首长（port master）或日本人町首长（head of the Japanese community）；这些港都首长在马来和印度尼西亚被称为“沙班答（syahbandar）”，他们监督日本人町内居民的活动，是日本人町与当地政府间的联络者，并负责协调该港口与非本地居民的日本人间的贸易活动<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Christian_in_Jakarta_circa_1656_by_Andries_Beeckman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Japanese_Christian_in_Jakarta_circa_1656_by_Andries_Beeckman.jpg/150px-Japanese_Christian_in_Jakarta_circa_1656_by_Andries_Beeckman.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Japanese_Christian_in_Jakarta_circa_1656_by_Andries_Beeckman.jpg/225px-Japanese_Christian_in_Jakarta_circa_1656_by_Andries_Beeckman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Japanese_Christian_in_Jakarta_circa_1656_by_Andries_Beeckman.jpg/300px-Japanese_Christian_in_Jakarta_circa_1656_by_Andries_Beeckman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1793" data-file-height="2835" /></a><figcaption>巴達維亞的日本<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%88%A9%E6%94%AF%E4%B8%B9" title="吉利支丹">吉利支丹</a> (1656年)</figcaption></figure> <p>日本人町在东南亚的繁荣持续了约30年。然而它们在此后逐渐走向了衰落。1630年代，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C" title="江户幕府">江户幕府</a>开始实行<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%94%81%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="日本锁国">锁国</a>政策；1635年，日本人的海外旅行被禁止，甚至从海外回日本也同样被禁止。一些东南亚的日本人町持续到了17世纪。此后，日本人的海外贸易逐渐被中国人、荷兰人和东南亚人所替代，但居住在海外的日本人仍在很多港口的商贸中扮演着重要角色。17世纪末，由于缺乏新的日本移民，这些日本人町逐渐消失或被当地居民所同化。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="概況"><span id=".E6.A6.82.E6.B3.81"></span>概況</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E7%94%BA&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：概況"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在这段简短但却充满活力的时代里，日本人町在在这一地区的很多主要港口都有存在，其中包括：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%B1%AC%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="荷屬東印度">荷屬東印度</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%BE%BE%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-disambig" title="巴达维亚">巴达维亚</a>（今：雅加达）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a>阮主政权（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%8D%97%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="广南国">广南国</a>）的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%9A%E5%AE%89" class="mw-redirect" title="会安">会安</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西</a>属<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE" title="菲律宾">菲律宾</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E6%8B%89" title="马尼拉">马尼拉</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AC%E5%9F%94%E5%AF%A8" title="柬埔寨">柬埔寨</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%BE%B9" title="金边">金边</a>等，其中最大的<sup id="cite_ref-Ishii_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ishii-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，亦可能是最有名的日本人町则位于<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9F%8E%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="大城王国">大城王国</a>（阿育陀耶），它的日本人町首領<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E7%94%B0%E9%95%BF%E6%94%BF" title="山田长政">山田長政</a>同样受到当地<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9F%8E%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="大城王国">大城王国</a>（今：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%BD" title="泰国">泰国</a>）王室的赏识并加官授爵。山田長政手下有一个由700个日本人组成的军队，并在镇压起义、内战、王位继承争议等事务上发挥作用；他亦被允许专卖某些特殊商品，如鹿皮等，另外，他也被一些省份授予多种至少是名义上的统治者职位<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>另一方面，雖然越南北部的東京在這個地區的絲綢貿易中扮演著重要角色，但是当地的郑氏政权却反对日本人町的存在。这多是由于出于对这些日本人出身的考虑（许多武士充当海盗和雇佣兵），且他们常将武器和弹药从<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>运往<a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%B9%E7%BD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="暹罗">暹罗</a>和越南南部（北方郑主的内敌阮氏<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%8D%97%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="广南国">广南国</a>）。为了避免在其行政港口可能出现的暴力行为，郑主设法避免日本人的长期居住，但许多著名的有影响力的日本商人仍常常在此处进行贸易。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="各地的日本人町"><span id=".E5.90.84.E5.9C.B0.E7.9A.84.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E4.BA.BA.E7.94.BA"></span>各地的日本人町</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E7%94%BA&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：各地的日本人町"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="阿育陀耶日本人町"><span id=".E9.98.BF.E8.82.B2.E9.99.80.E8.80.B6.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E4.BA.BA.E7.94.BA"></span>阿育陀耶日本人町</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E7%94%BA&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：阿育陀耶日本人町"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%82%B2%E9%99%80%E8%80%B6%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E7%94%BA" title="阿育陀耶日本人町">阿育陀耶日本人町</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ayutaya_japanese_town.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Ayutaya_japanese_town.JPG/200px-Ayutaya_japanese_town.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Ayutaya_japanese_town.JPG/300px-Ayutaya_japanese_town.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Ayutaya_japanese_town.JPG/400px-Ayutaya_japanese_town.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>阿育陀耶日本人町遗址碑。</figcaption></figure> <p>阿育陀耶日本人町的人口最多時的1620年代曾達到1500人<sup id="cite_ref-Ishii_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ishii-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。當時的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9F%8E%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="大城王国">大城王国</a>于1570年開始同日本進行正式的商貿往來，此時，其與日本南邊的鄰國<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83" title="琉球">琉球</a>的商貿已進行了一百多年。1570年亦是阿育陀耶日本人町的始建年代。這些日本“冒險者”多數為離開日本尋求財富的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="浪人">浪人</a>，他們被大成王國的統治者所歡迎，他們中的一部分被委以侍衛、軍人等職務。大城王国當時與<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%90%81%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="東吁王朝">緬甸</a>常有交戰，這些出身武士的日本士兵常參加此類戰爭。大成王國與日本江戶幕府也存在正式的外交關係<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，并從日本運來武器彈藥。到1620年代，日本已經成為大城王国最大的商貿伙伴之一<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NagamasaArmy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/NagamasaArmy.jpg/300px-NagamasaArmy.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/NagamasaArmy.jpg/450px-NagamasaArmy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/NagamasaArmy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="532" data-file-height="252" /></a><figcaption>阿育陀耶的日本衛隊 (17世紀)</figcaption></figure> <p>大城王國與日本之間良好的商貿和外交關係持續了約六十年，直到1630年的一系列政治丑聞導致了幕府與這個王國的關係開始緊張。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%8B%E5%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宋当（页面不存在）">宋当</a>王（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="泰語">泰</a>：<span lang="th">สมเด็จพระเจ้าทรงธรรม</span>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英</a>：Songtham）死后，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E8%90%A8%E9%80%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴萨通（页面不存在）">巴萨通</a>王（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="泰語">泰</a>：<span lang="th">สมเด็จพระเจ้าปราสาททอง</span>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英</a>：Prasat Thong）通過政變取得王位，這個政變的一部分即為殺害日本人町首領<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E7%94%B0%E9%95%BF%E6%94%BF" title="山田长政">山田長政</a>，因為他也在朝廷有重要影響并擔任王室的日本人侍衛的首領。擔心來自日本人町的報復，巴萨通王下令燒毀阿育陀耶日本人町，并將其內的很多居民驅逐或殺害。很多日本人逃到了柬埔寨，一些年以后，他們中的一些人被國王特許返回大城王國<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。幕府將軍認為巴萨通王并非王位正統繼承者，并減少了與該國的聯繫。此后的海外貿易被中國和荷蘭的商船所繼續。雖然正式邦交在<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A3%E8%8E%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="那莱">那莱</a>王（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="泰語">泰</a>：<span lang="th">สมเด็จพระนารายณ์มหาราช</span>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英</a>：Narai）1657年繼位以后仍沒有恢復，但在一個日本人町發揮了較大作用的事件之后，王室開始逐漸批准對日貿易<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>後來，日本人町再度恢復，并仍在對日商貿方面發揮了重要作用，17世紀末，它逐漸被暹罗人同化後消失。日本人町的大部分在該地1767年被緬甸人占領之后遭到破壞<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，有一小部分當年的房屋存留至今。如今，該日本人町遺址已經成為了一項考古研究的課題。日本<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%95%E4%BB%81%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" class="mw-redirect" title="裕仁天皇">裕仁天皇</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E4%BB%81%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" class="mw-redirect" title="明仁天皇">明仁天皇</a>曾來此訪問。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="会安日本人町"><span id=".E4.BC.9A.E5.AE.89.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E4.BA.BA.E7.94.BA"></span>会安日本人町</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E7%94%BA&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：会安日本人町"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chua_Cau_Japanese_Bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Chua_Cau_Japanese_Bridge.jpg/250px-Chua_Cau_Japanese_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Chua_Cau_Japanese_Bridge.jpg/375px-Chua_Cau_Japanese_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Chua_Cau_Japanese_Bridge.jpg/500px-Chua_Cau_Japanese_Bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2240" data-file-height="1680" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%9A%E5%AE%89" class="mw-redirect" title="会安">会安</a>的来远桥（日本桥）。</figcaption></figure> <p>離<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%98%E6%B8%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="岘港">岘港</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD" title="越南语">越</a>：<span lang="vi">Đà Nẵng／沱㶞</span>）不遠的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%9A%E5%AE%89" class="mw-redirect" title="会安">會安</a>，是<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a>近代最大的港口<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。與阿育陀耶日本人町相比，會安日本人町規模相對較小，它的居民約有幾十戶，而當時在會安的中國人則約有數千<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。儘管如此，會安日本人町對當地的貿易還是具有很大的影響，當時日本國內對絲綢的大量需求，使得每年日本商船的來往都會引起市場價格的周期性變動<sup id="cite_ref-Li._Nguyễn_Cochinchina._p63_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Li._Nguyễn_Cochinchina._p63-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在「<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E5%8D%B0%E8%88%B9" title="朱印船">朱印船</a>」時代（約1590年至1635年），平均每年來此的日本商船有10艘以上，這表明日本人在該地的贸易約占当时日本海上商貿活動的四分之一，并超過任何其他港口<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>每年中的幾個月，当<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a>和日本的商船到达时，该地就会出现一些繁荣的商业市场，中国、日本和<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a>的商人便开始交易种类繁多的商品。会安作为一个中立港口的地位让它得以繁荣，因为在此地交易的中国和日本商人不被视为触犯明朝的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%A6%81" title="海禁">海禁</a>政策<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在一年中的其他时间，日本人町的居民们则会在中国、越南商人中收集各种日本商人将可能购买的货物<sup id="cite_ref-Li._Nguyễn_Cochinchina._p63_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Li._Nguyễn_Cochinchina._p63-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>第一批<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="荷兰东印度公司">荷兰</a>商人于1633年来此，并受到了来自日本人町首领的欢迎。江户幕府于1635年实施锁国政策，直接禁止日本人的海外贸易行为，根据荷兰人的记载，在这日本人与荷兰人同在会安进行商贸的短短几年中，日本人完全支配了这个港口的经济<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1635年以后，日本人与<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="荷兰">荷兰</a>人之间仍有少量经贸往来，但日本人从中国人那里买来的丝绸却鲜能满足荷兰商人的需求，后者不得不面对供不应求而导致的高价格。 </p><p>17世纪以后，会安的日本人町逐渐消失，并被越南人同化。根据当时的书籍、墓碑等，不但日本人町的居民内部通婚，有名望的日本商人家族也与越南阮氏家族（当时越南南方<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%8D%97%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="广南国">阮氏政权</a>的统治者）存在通婚。这些商人家族的后代，有的至今还保存着与越南有关的传家宝<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>现在的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%9A%E5%AE%89" class="mw-redirect" title="会安">会安</a>是一个相对小而安静的旅游城市，其港口已经淤塞，这导致了其经济和影响力的下降。当年日本人町的具体位置现在仍无从考证，虽然学者们不断研究该课题，并使用当年的记录和考古发现。现在城内的被稱為「日本桥」或「<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A5%E8%BF%9C%E6%A1%A5" title="来远桥">来远桥</a>」（<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD" title="越南语">越</a>：<span lang="vi"><span lang="vi">Lai Viễn Kiều／來遠橋</span></span>）的古跡，向人們訴說著會安日本人町過去的繁榮。慣常的思維往往會認為這座橋標志著日本人町主街的入口，然而，實際上這座橋并非傳統的日本風格，這一點讓很多人對此觀點產生懷疑<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="腳注"><span id=".E8.85.B3.E6.B3.A8"></span>腳注</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E7%94%BA&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：腳注"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wray. p8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wray. p2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reid.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wray. pp8-9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wray. p9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ishii-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ishii_6-0"><sup><b>6.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ishii_6-1"><sup><b>6.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ishii. p1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wray. p10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Theeravit. pp26-27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Theeravit. p22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Iwao. "Reopening..." pp2-4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Iwao. "Relations..." pp28-29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coedes. pp164-165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Woodside，162頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">一項由一個當地日本人于1642年所寫的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="荷兰东印度公司">荷兰东印度公司</a>的報告記載，當時會安的中國人有約4000到5000人，日本人有約40到50人。（Laarhoven, Ruurdje (trans.)《A Japanese Resident's Account: Declaration of the Situation of Quinam Kingdom by Francisco, 1642.》 Li 和 Reid (eds.) 《南方的越南》（Southern Vietnam），31頁）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Li._Nguyễn_Cochinchina._p63-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Li._Nguyễn_Cochinchina._p63_15-0"><sup><b>15.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Li._Nguyễn_Cochinchina._p63_15-1"><sup><b>15.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Li，《阮氏交趾支那》（Nguyễn Cochinchina），63頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chen。13頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chen。14页</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Innes. pp187-188.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chuong, Thau，《古城会安》（Ancient Town of Hoi An）的《友谊之桥》（Bridge of Friendship），209页</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chuong, Thau，《古城会安》（Ancient Town of Hoi An）的《友谊之桥》（Bridge of Friendship）</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E7%94%BA&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <ul><li><i>Ancient Town of Hoi An</i>. International Symposium Held in Danang on 22-23 March 1990. Hanoi: Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1991.</li> <li>Chen, Chingho A. <i>Historical Notes on Hội An (Faifo)</i>. Carbondale, Illinois: Center for Vietnamese Studies, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, 1974.</li> <li>Coedes, G. (H.M. Wright, trans.) <i>The Making of South East Asia</i>. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966.</li> <li>Innes, Robert L. "The Door Ajar: Japan's Foreign Trade in the Seventeenth Century." PhD diss. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1980.</li> <li>Ishii, Yoneo. <i>The Junk Trade from Southeast Asia</i>. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1998.</li> <li>Iwao, Seiichi. “Reopening of the diplomatic and commercial relations between Japan and Siam during the Tokugawa period.” <i>Acta Asiatica</i> v.4 (July 1963). pp1–31.</li> <li>Li, Tana. <i>Nguyễn Cochinchina: Southern Vietnam in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries</i>. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University, 1998.</li> <li>Li, Tana and Anthony Reid (eds.). <i>Southern Vietnam under the Nguyễn: Documents on the Economic History of Cochinchina (Đàng Trong), 1602-1777</i>. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1993.</li> <li>Reid, Anthony. <i>Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce, 1450-1680</i>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990, 1993.</li> <li>Theeravit, Khien. “Japanese-Siamese Relations, 1606-1629” in Khamchoo, Chaiwat and E. Bruce Reynolds (eds.) <i>Thai-Japanese Relations in Historical Perspective</i>. Bangkok: Innomedia Co. Ltd. Press, 1988.</li> <li>Woodside, Alexander. “Central Vietnam's Trading World in the Eighteenth Century as Seen in Le Quy Don's 'Frontier Chronicles'” in Taylor, K.W. and John K. Whitmore (eds.) <i>Essays into Vietnamese Pasts</i>. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University, 1995. pp157–172</li> <li>Wray, William. “The 17th Century Japanese Diaspora: Questions of Boundary and Policy.” Thirteenth International Economic History Congress, Buenos Aires 2002. Preconference: Corfu, Greece, 21-22 September 2001.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關項目"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E9.97.9C.E9.A0.85.E7.9B.AE"></span>相關項目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E7%94%BA&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：相關項目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AD%E9%A4%A8" title="倭館">倭館</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%A1%97" class="mw-redirect" title="日本街">日本街</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=日本人町&oldid=67652224">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=日本人町&oldid=67652224</a>”</div></div> 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