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<div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">初等数学</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。26种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Element%C3%AAre_wiskunde" title="Elementêre wiskunde – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Elementêre wiskunde" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="رياضيات ابتدائية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رياضيات ابتدائية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Element%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_matematika" title="Elementární matematika – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Elementární matematika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Элементарлă математика – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Элементарлă математика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementarmathematik" title="Elementarmathematik – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elementarmathematik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_mathematics" title="Elementary mathematics – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Elementary mathematics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudimenta_matematiko" title="Rudimenta matematiko – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rudimenta matematiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matem%C3%A1tica_elemental" title="Matemática elemental – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Matemática elemental" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementaarmatemaatika" title="Elementaarmatemaatika – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Elementaarmatemaatika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oinarrizko_matematika" title="Oinarrizko matematika – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Oinarrizko matematika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B6%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87" title="ریاضیات پایه – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ریاضیات پایه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraimari_fika" title="Paraimari fika – 斐济语" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Paraimari fika" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="斐济语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Math%C3%A9matiques_%C3%A9l%C3%A9mentaires" title="Mathématiques élémentaires – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mathématiques élémentaires" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D6%80%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Տարրական մաթեմատիկա – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տարրական մաթեմատիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E6%95%B0" title="算数 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="算数" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%88_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Бастауыш математика – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бастауыш математика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B4%88%EB%93%B1%EC%88%98%ED%95%99" title="초등수학 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="초등수학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematica_fundal" title="Matematica fundal – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Matematica fundal" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Елементарна математика – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Елементарна математика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Element%C3%A6rmatematikk" title="Elementærmatematikk – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Elementærmatematikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematyka_elementarna" title="Matematyka elementarna – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Matematyka elementarna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Элементарная математика – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Элементарная математика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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математика – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Елементарна математика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementar_matematika" title="Elementar matematika – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Elementar matematika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3284266#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/31a_1_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%28%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%29.jpg/220px-31a_1_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%28%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/31a_1_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%28%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%29.jpg/330px-31a_1_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%28%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/31a_1_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%28%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%29.jpg/440px-31a_1_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%28%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1988" data-file-height="1318" /></a><figcaption><center>初等数学</center></figcaption></figure> <p><b>初等数学</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Elementary mathematics</span>），简称<b>初数</b>，是指通常在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%AD%A6" title="小学">小学</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%A6" title="中学">中学</a>阶段所教的<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="数学">数学</a>内容，与<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="高等数学">高等数学</a>相对。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%9D%E7%AD%89%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>从公元前5世纪到17世纪属于初等数学时期，<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="高等数学">高等数学</a>的建立结束了初等数学时期。这个时期创立了系统的初等数学，包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%AF" title="算术">算术</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E7%AD%89%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="初等代数">初等代数</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E9%9D%A2%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95" class="mw-redirect" title="平面几何">平面几何</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E4%BD%93%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95" title="立体几何">立体几何</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E5%AD%A6" title="三角学">三角学</a>等内容。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="内容"><span id=".E5.86.85.E5.AE.B9"></span>内容</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%9D%E7%AD%89%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：内容"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="基本代数"><span id=".E5.9F.BA.E6.9C.AC.E4.BB.A3.E6.95.B0"></span><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="基本代数">基本代数</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%9D%E7%AD%89%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：基本代数"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2%E7%9A%84%E7%AE%97%E8%A1%93%E5%B9%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A0%B9" title="2的算術平方根">2的算術平方根</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3%E7%9A%84%E7%AE%97%E8%A1%93%E5%B9%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A0%B9" title="3的算術平方根">3的算術平方根</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E4%BE%8B" title="比例">比例</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D%E5%BE%8B" title="分配律">分配律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B" title="方程">方程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%95%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D%E5%85%83" title="加法單位元">加法單位元</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E6%8F%9B%E5%BE%8B" title="交換律">交換律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E5%90%88%E5%BE%8B" title="结合律">结合律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E9%87%8F%E5%85%AC%E7%90%86" title="等量公理">等量公理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%85%83%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="一元三次方程">一元三次方程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%85%83%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B" title="一元二次方程">一元二次方程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B" title="一次方程">一次方程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E7%AD%89" title="不等">不等</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%92%E6%95%B0" title="倒数">倒数</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%95%E9%80%86%E5%85%83" title="加法逆元">加法逆元</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%AC%A1%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B" title="四次方程">四次方程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%86%E8%A7%A3" title="因式分解">因式分解</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%86%E7%BD%97%E6%91%A9%E7%AC%88%E5%A4%9A-%E6%96%90%E6%B3%A2%E9%82%A3%E5%A5%91%E6%81%92%E7%AD%89%E5%BC%8F" title="婆罗摩笈多-斐波那契恒等式">婆罗摩笈多-斐波那契恒等式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E7%AD%89%E5%BC%8F" title="恒等式">恒等式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%9A%E6%80%A7%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="線性關係">線性關係</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A6%E8%BE%BE%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86" title="韦达定理">韦达定理</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="初等几何"><span id=".E5.88.9D.E7.AD.89.E5.87.A0.E4.BD.95"></span><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E7%AD%89%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95" class="mw-redirect" title="初等几何">初等几何</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%9D%E7%AD%89%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：初等几何"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%86" title="圆">圆</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%93" title="阿波羅尼奧斯圓">阿波羅尼奧斯圓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E7%82%B9%E5%9C%86" class="mw-redirect" title="九点圆">九点圆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E5%88%87%E5%9C%93" class="mw-redirect" title="內切圓">內切圓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84" title="半径">半径</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D%E5%9C%86" title="单位圆">单位圆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%8E%A5%E5%9C%93" title="外接圓">外接圓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%93%E5%BD%A2" title="弓形">弓形</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%87%E5%BD%A2" title="扇形">扇形</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%81%E5%88%87%E5%9C%93" title="旁切圓">旁切圓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%BE%84" title="直径">直径</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92" title="角">角</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%A7%92%E5%BA%A6%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D" title="Category:角度单位">Category:角度单位</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A7%E5%BA%A6" title="弧度">弧度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E5%88%86" class="mw-redirect" title="角分">角分</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="角度">角度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E7%A7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="角秒">角秒</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6" title="角加速度">角加速度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E5%8A%A8%E9%87%8F" title="角动量">角动量</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A5%E8%A7%B8%E8%A7%92" title="接觸角">接觸角</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%8B%89%E8%A7%92" title="欧拉角">欧拉角</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%A3%9C%E8%A7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="互補角">互補角</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%BE%E8%82%A1%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86" title="勾股定理">勾股定理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E6%9B%B2%E8%A7%92" title="双曲角">双曲角</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%A3%81%E5%81%8F%E8%A7%92" title="地磁偏角">地磁偏角</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%84%92%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E8%A7%92" title="布儒斯特角">布儒斯特角</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%BC%A6%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86" title="正弦定理">正弦定理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%8B%95%E8%A7%92%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="波動角度">波動角度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%AB%94%E8%A7%92" title="立體角">立體角</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%AC%E5%BA%A6" title="纬度">纬度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E5%BA%A6" title="经度">经度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E7%BA%AC%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="经纬度">经纬度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6" title="角速度">角速度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E9%A2%91%E7%8E%87" title="角频率">角频率</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%B4%E8%A7%92" title="轴角">轴角</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A4%98%E5%BC%A6%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86" title="餘弦定理">餘弦定理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E7%B6%93" title="黃經">黃經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E7%B7%AF" title="黃緯">黃緯</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%93" title="阿波羅尼奧斯圓">阿波羅尼奧斯圓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%83%E9%9D%A2" title="球面">球面</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%86" title="圆">圆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%B7%9A%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86" title="中線定理">中線定理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%A3%9C%E8%A7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="互補角">互補角</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E9%BB%9E" title="原點">原點</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E9%95%BF" title="周长">周长</a></li> <li><a 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title="镜">镜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%9C%E5%83%8F_(%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95)" title="镜像 (几何)">镜像 (几何)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%AB%94" title="長方體">長方體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E8%A7%92" title="黃金角">黃金角</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91%E5%88%86%E5%89%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="黄金分割">黄金分割</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91%E5%88%86%E5%89%B2%E7%82%B9" title="黄金分割点">黄金分割点</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91%E7%9F%A9%E5%BD%A2" title="黄金矩形">黄金矩形</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="初等数论"><span id=".E5.88.9D.E7.AD.89.E6.95.B0.E8.AE.BA"></span><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E7%AD%89%E6%95%B0%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="初等数论">初等数论</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%9D%E7%AD%89%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：初等数论"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E6%95%B4%E6%95%B8" title="半整數">半整數</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E6%95%B0" title="合数">合数</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E6%95%B8" title="因數">因數</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B4%E6%95%B0" title="整数">整数 </a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%9D%E7%AD%89%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050422180614/http://library.thinkquest.org/C006364/GB/history/world/world2.htm">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-08-08</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.thinkquest.org/C006364/GB/history/world/world2.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2005-04-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%88%9D%E7%AD%89%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.thinkquest.org%2FC006364%2FGB%2Fhistory%2Fworld%2Fworld2.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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