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<span>Assignment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Assignment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Assignment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Assignment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Unicode_PUA_blocks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unicode_PUA_blocks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Unicode PUA blocks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unicode_PUA_blocks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Usage</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Usage-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Usage subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Standardization_initiative_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standardization_initiative_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Standardization initiative uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standardization_initiative_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vendor_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vendor_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Vendor use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vendor_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private-use_characters_in_other_character_sets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private-use_characters_in_other_character_sets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Private-use characters in other character sets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private-use_characters_in_other_character_sets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%81%E7%94%A8%E9%9D%A2" title="私用面 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="私用面" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Области для частного использования – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Области для частного использования" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%81%E4%BA%BA%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%8C%BA" title="私人使用区 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_Use_Area&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Private Use Area">Private Use Area</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Purposely unassigned Unicode code points</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Unicode PUA range of codepoints. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Private_use_area_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Private use area (disambiguation)">Private use area (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>, a <b>Private Use Area</b> (<b>PUA</b>) is a range of <a href="/wiki/Code_point" title="Code point">code points</a> that, by definition, will not be assigned characters by the standard.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three private use areas are defined: one in the <a href="/wiki/Plane_(Unicode)#Basic_Multilingual_Plane" title="Plane (Unicode)">Basic Multilingual Plane</a> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+E000–U+F8FF</span>), and one each in, and nearly covering, <a href="/wiki/Plane_(Unicode)#Private_Use_Area_Planes" title="Plane (Unicode)">planes 15 and 16</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+F0000–U+FFFFD</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+100000–U+10FFFD</span>). They are intentionally left undefined so that third parties may assign their own characters without conflicting with Unicode Consortium assignments. Under the Unicode Stability Policy,<sup id="cite_ref-stability_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stability-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Private Use Areas will remain allocated for that purpose in all future Unicode versions. </p><p>Assignments to Private Use Area characters need not be "private" in the sense of strictly internal to an organisation; a number of assignment schemes have been published by several organisations. Such publication may include a font that supports the definition (showing the glyphs), and software making use of the private-use characters (e.g. a graphics character for a "print document" function). By definition, multiple private parties may assign different characters to the same code point, with the consequence that a user may see one private character from an installed font where a different one was intended. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_Use_Areas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Under the Unicode definition, code points in the Private Use Areas are not noncharacters, reserved, or unassigned. Their <a href="/wiki/Unicode_character_property#General_Category" title="Unicode character property">category</a> is "<code>Other, private use (Co)</code>", and no character names are specified. No representative glyphs are provided, and character semantics are left to private agreement. </p><blockquote><p>Private-use characters are assigned Unicode code points whose interpretation is not specified by this standard and whose use may be determined by private agreement among cooperating users. These characters are designated for private use and do not have defined, interpretable semantics except by private agreement. ... No charts are provided for private-use characters, as any such characters are, by their very nature, defined only outside the context of this standard.<sup id="cite_ref-chapter_16.5_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chapter_16.5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Assignment"><span class="anchor" id="PUA-A"></span><span class="anchor" id="PUA-B"></span>Assignment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_Use_Areas&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Assignment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Basic Multilingual Plane (plane 0), the block titled Private Use Area has 6400 code points. </p><p>Planes 15 and 16 are almost<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> entirely assigned to two further Private Use Areas, Supplementary Private Use Area-A and Supplementary Private Use Area-B respectively. In <a href="/wiki/UTF-16" title="UTF-16">UTF-16</a> a subset of the high surrogates (U+DB80..U+DBFF) is used for these and only these planes, and are called <a href="/wiki/High_Private_Use_Surrogates" class="mw-redirect" title="High Private Use Surrogates">High Private Use Surrogates</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible uncollapsed" border="1" style="text-align:left;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left; text-align:right; width:3em; background:transparent;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Private_Use_Area_(Unicode)" title="Template:Private Use Area (Unicode)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Private_Use_Area_(Unicode)" title="Template talk:Private Use Area (Unicode)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Private_Use_Area_(Unicode)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Private Use Area (Unicode)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Unicode: Private Use Areas</a></b> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Definition by character property: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">General Category=Co</span><sup id="ref_a_1" class="reference"><a href="#cnote_a">[a]</a></sup><sup id="ref_b_1" class="reference"><a href="#cnote_b">[b]</a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Range</th> <th>Plane</th> <th>Block name</th> <th>Number of code points</th> <th>Note </th></tr> <tr> <td>U+E000..U+F8FF</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plane_(Unicode)#Basic_Multilingual_Plane" title="Plane (Unicode)">BMP (0)</a></td> <td>Private Use Area</td> <td>6,400</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>U+F0000..U+FFFFD<sup id="ref_c_1" class="reference"><a href="#cnote_c">[c]</a></sup></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Plane_15_(Unicode)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plane 15 (Unicode)">PUP (15)</a><sup id="ref_d_1" class="reference"><a href="#cnote_d">[d]</a></sup></span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Supplementary_Private_Use_Area-A" class="mw-redirect" title="Supplementary Private Use Area-A">Supplementary Private Use Area-A</a></span></td> <td>65,534</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/UTF-16" title="UTF-16">UTF-16</a> encodes these characters using codepoints from the block High Private Use Surrogates (U+DB80..U+DBFF) in the BMP. </td></tr> <tr> <td>U+100000..U+10FFFD<sup id="ref_c_2" class="reference"><a href="#cnote_c">[c]</a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plane_16_(Unicode)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plane 16 (Unicode)">PUP (16)</a><sup id="ref_d_2" class="reference"><a href="#cnote_d">[d]</a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Supplementary_Private_Use_Area-B" class="mw-redirect" title="Supplementary Private Use Area-B">Supplementary Private Use Area-B</a></td> <td>65,534 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"><b>Notes</b> <div style=""><ol class="references" style="list-style-type:lower-alpha;"> <li id="cnote_a"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#ref_a_1">^</a></b></span> <div style="display:inline;" class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/UnicodeData.txt">Unicode 16.0 Data</a></div></li> <li id="cnote_b"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#ref_b_1">^</a></b></span> <div style="display:inline;" class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode16.0.0/core-spec/chapter-23/#G19184">The Unicode Standard, Section 23.5: Private-Use Characters</a></div></li> <li id="cnote_c"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#ref_c_1">^</a></b></span> <div style="display:inline;" class="reference-text"> Code points U+FFFFE, U+FFFFF, U+10FFFE, and U+10FFFF are <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode16.0.0/core-spec/chapter-23/#G12612">noncharacters</a>, not private-use characters.</div></li> <li id="cnote_d"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#ref_d_1">^</a></b></span> <div style="display:inline;" class="reference-text"> <i><a href="/wiki/Private_Use_Plane" class="mw-redirect" title="Private Use Plane">Private Use Plane</a></i>: Unicode has not published identifying names for <a href="/wiki/Plane_15_(Unicode)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plane 15 (Unicode)">planes 15</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plane_16_(Unicode)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plane 16 (Unicode)">16</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode16.0.0/core-spec/chapter-2/#G23319">Chapter 2.8</a> says <i>The two Private Use Planes (Planes 15 and 16)</i>, while the PUA block names used are <i><a href="/wiki/Supplementary_PUA-A" class="mw-redirect" title="Supplementary PUA-A">Supplementary PUA-A</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Supplementary_PUA-B" class="mw-redirect" title="Supplementary PUA-B">Supplementary PUA-B</a></i>.</div></li> </ol></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unicode_PUA_blocks">Unicode PUA blocks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_Use_Areas&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Unicode PUA blocks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are three PUA blocks in Unicode.<sup id="cite_ref-chapter_16.5_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chapter_16.5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Unicode character block</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="float:left; margin-left:0;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#CCE;">Private Use Area</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Range</th><td class="infobox-data">U+E000..U+F8FF<br />(6,400 code points)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Plane</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Basic_Multilingual_Plane" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic Multilingual Plane">BMP</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Scripts</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Script_(Unicode)#Special_script_property_values" title="Script (Unicode)">Unknown</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Assigned</th><td class="infobox-data">6,400 code points</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unused</th><td class="infobox-data">0 reserved code points</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#E6E6FF;">Unicode version history</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">1.0.0 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(1991)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">5,632 (+5,632)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">1.0.1 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(1992)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">6,400 (+768)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#E6E6FF;">Unicode documentation</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/UE000.pdf">Code chart</a> ∣ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/n_E000.html">Web page</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background:#eee;"><b>Note</b>: Version 1.0.1 moved and expanded the Private Use Area block (previously located at U+E800-U+FDFF in version 1.0.0).<sup id="cite_ref-unicode-1.0.1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unicode-1.0.1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UData_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UData-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UEnumerated_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UEnumerated-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Unicode character block</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="float:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#CCE;">Supplementary Private Use Area-A</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Range</th><td class="infobox-data">U+F0000..U+FFFFF<br />(65,536 code points)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Plane</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Private_Use_Plane" class="mw-redirect" title="Private Use Plane">SPUA-A</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Scripts</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Script_(Unicode)#Special_script_property_values" title="Script (Unicode)">Unknown</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Assigned</th><td class="infobox-data">65,534 code points</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unused</th><td class="infobox-data">0 reserved code points <br />2 non-characters</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#E6E6FF;">Unicode version history</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2.0 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(1996)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">65,534 (+65,534)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#E6E6FF;">Chart</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/UF0000.pdf">Code chart</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background:#eee;"><b>Note</b>: <sup id="cite_ref-UData_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UData-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UEnumerated_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UEnumerated-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Unicode character block</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="float:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#CCE;">Supplementary Private Use Area-B</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Range</th><td class="infobox-data">U+100000..U+10FFFF<br />(65,536 code points)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Plane</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Private_Use_Plane" class="mw-redirect" title="Private Use Plane">SPUA-B</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Scripts</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Script_(Unicode)#Special_script_property_values" title="Script (Unicode)">Unknown</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Assigned</th><td class="infobox-data">65,534 code points</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unused</th><td class="infobox-data">0 reserved code points <br />2 non-characters</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#E6E6FF;">Unicode version history</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2.0 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(1996)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">65,534 (+65,534)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#E6E6FF;">Chart</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U100000.pdf">Code chart</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background:#eee;"><b>Note</b>: <sup id="cite_ref-UData_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UData-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UEnumerated_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UEnumerated-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_Use_Areas&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Unicode 1.0.0, the private use area extended from U+E800 to U+FDFF (i.e. did not include U+E000..E7FF, but additionally included the U+F900..FDFF range now occupied by <a href="/wiki/CJK_Compatibility_Ideographs" title="CJK Compatibility Ideographs">CJK Compatibility Ideographs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alphabetic_Presentation_Forms" title="Alphabetic Presentation Forms">Alphabetic Presentation Forms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arabic_Presentation_Forms-A" title="Arabic Presentation Forms-A">Arabic Presentation Forms-A</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was changed to U+E000..F8FF in Unicode 1.0.1,<sup id="cite_ref-unicode-1.0.1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unicode-1.0.1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and remained so in Unicode 1.1.<sup id="cite_ref-1.1pua_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1.1pua-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contrary to misconception, the range U+D800..DFFF (reserved for <a href="/wiki/UTF-16" title="UTF-16">UTF-16</a> surrogates since Unicode 2.0) was not included in the private use range of any Unicode 1.x version. </p><p>Historically, planes E0 (224) through FF (255), and groups 60 (96) though 7F (127) of the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Coded_Character_Set" title="Universal Coded Character Set">Universal Coded Character Set</a> (i.e. U+E00000 through U+FFFFFF and U+60000000 through U+7FFFFFFF) were also designated as private use. These ranges were removed from the specified private-use ranges when the UCS was restricted to the seventeen planes reachable in UTF-16.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_Use_Areas&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Standardization_initiative_uses">Standardization initiative uses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_Use_Areas&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Standardization initiative uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many people and institutions have created character collections for the PUA. Some of these private use agreements are published, so other PUA implementers can aim for unused or less-used code points to prevent overlaps. Several characters and scripts previously encoded in private use agreements have actually been fully encoded in Unicode, necessitating mappings from the PUA to other Unicode code points. </p><p>One of the more well-known and broadly implemented PUA agreements is maintained by the <a href="/wiki/ConScript_Unicode_Registry" title="ConScript Unicode Registry">ConScript Unicode Registry</a> (CSUR). The CSUR, which is not officially endorsed or associated with the Unicode Consortium, provides a mapping for constructed scripts, such as <a href="/wiki/Klingon_pIqaD" class="mw-redirect" title="Klingon pIqaD">Klingon pIqaD</a> and Ferengi script (Star Trek), <a href="/wiki/Tengwar" title="Tengwar">Tengwar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cirth" title="Cirth">Cirth</a> (J.R.R. Tolkien's cursive and runic scripts), Alexander Melville Bell's <a href="/wiki/Visible_Speech" title="Visible Speech">Visible Speech</a>, and Dr. Seuss' alphabet from <i><a href="/wiki/On_Beyond_Zebra" class="mw-redirect" title="On Beyond Zebra">On Beyond Zebra</a></i>. The CSUR previously encoded the undeciphered <a href="/wiki/Phaistos_Disc" title="Phaistos Disc">Phaistos</a> characters, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Shavian_alphabet" title="Shavian alphabet">Shavian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret</a> alphabets, which have all been accepted for official encoding in Unicode. </p><p>Another common PUA agreement is maintained by the <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Unicode_Font_Initiative" title="Medieval Unicode Font Initiative">Medieval Unicode Font Initiative</a> (MUFI). This project is attempting to support all of the scribal abbreviations, ligatures, <a href="/wiki/Precomposed_character" title="Precomposed character">precomposed characters</a>, symbols, and alternate <a href="/wiki/Letterforms" class="mw-redirect" title="Letterforms">letterforms</a> found in medieval texts written in the Latin alphabet. The express purpose of MUFI is to experimentally determine which characters are necessary to represent these texts, and to have those characters officially encoded in Unicode. As of Unicode version 5.1, 152 MUFI characters have been incorporated into the official Unicode encoding.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (November 2021)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Some agreed-upon PUA character collections exist in part or whole because the Unicode Consortium is in no hurry to encode them. Some, such as unrepresented languages, are likely to end up encoded in the future. Some unusual cases such as fictional languages are outside the usual scope of Unicode but not explicitly ruled out by the principles of Unicode, and may show up eventually (such as the Star Trek and Tolkien writing systems). In other cases, the proposed encoding violates one or more Unicode principles and hence is unlikely to ever be officially recognized by Unicode—mostly where users want to directly encode alternate forms, ligatures, or base-character-plus-diacritic combinations (such as the TUNE scheme). </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Publishing organization</th> <th>Topic</th> <th>PUA area used</th> <th>Font </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ConScript_Unicode_Registry" title="ConScript Unicode Registry">CSUR</a></td> <td>Artificial and some ancient/medieval scripts</td> <td>PUA (BMP) and Plane 15</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Code2000" title="Code2000">Code2000</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Unicode_Font_Initiative" title="Medieval Unicode Font Initiative">MUFI</a></td> <td>Medieval scripts</td> <td>PUA (BMP)</td> <td>several </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SIL_International" title="SIL International">SIL</a></td> <td>Phonetics and languages</td> <td>PUA (BMP)</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charis_SIL" title="Charis SIL">Charis SIL</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/TITUS_(project)" title="TITUS (project)">TITUS</a></td> <td>Ancient and medieval scripts</td> <td>PUA (BMP)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/TITUS_Cyberbit_Basic" class="mw-redirect" title="TITUS Cyberbit Basic">TITUS Cyberbit Basic</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">Emoji</a> is an encoding for picture characters or emoticons used in Japanese wireless messages and webpages. With Unicode 6.0 and later, many of these have been encoded in the block <a href="/wiki/Miscellaneous_Symbols_And_Pictographs" class="mw-redirect" title="Miscellaneous Symbols And Pictographs">Miscellaneous Symbols And Pictographs</a> and elsewhere in the <a href="/wiki/Supplementary_Multilingual_Plane" class="mw-redirect" title="Supplementary Multilingual Plane">SMP</a>.</li> <li>GB/T 20542-2006 ("Tibetan Coded Character Set Extension A") and GB/T 22238-2008 ("Tibetan Coded Character Set Extension B") are <a href="/wiki/GB_2312" title="GB 2312">Chinese national standards</a> that use the PUA to encode precomposed Tibetan <a href="/wiki/Typographic_ligature" class="mw-redirect" title="Typographic ligature">ligatures</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_18030#PUA" title="GB 18030">GB 18030</a> and <a href="/wiki/GBK_(character_encoding)" title="GBK (character encoding)">GBK</a> use the PUA to provisionally encode characters not found in Unicode standards at the time of publication (most have been encoded since then).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_the_Estonian_Language" title="Institute of the Estonian Language">Institute of the Estonian Language</a> uses the PUA to encode Latin and Cyrillic precomposed characters<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that have no Unicode encoding.</li> <li>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://freetengwar.sourceforge.net/">Free Tengwar Font Project</a> uses a different mapping from the <a href="/wiki/ConScript_Unicode_Registry" title="ConScript Unicode Registry">ConScript Unicode Registry</a> that largely follows Michael Everson's 2001-03-07 Tengwar discussion paper, but diverges in some details.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/MARC21" class="mw-redirect" title="MARC21">MARC 21 standard</a> uses the PUA to encode East Asian characters present in MARC-8<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that have no Unicode encoding.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/SIL_International" title="SIL International">SIL</a> Corporate PUA uses the PUA to encode characters used in minority languages that have not yet been accepted into Unicode.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/STIX_Fonts_project" title="STIX Fonts project">STIX Fonts project</a> uses the PUA to provide a comprehensive font set of mathematical symbols and alphabets, many of which are also available in the SMP now, e.g. in the <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_Alphanumeric_Symbols" title="Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols">Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols</a> block.</li> <li>The Tamil Unicode New Encoding (TUNE)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a proposed scheme for encoding <a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a> that overcomes perceived deficiencies in the current Unicode encoding.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vendor_use">Vendor use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_Use_Areas&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Vendor use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"U+F8FF" redirects here. For the company, see <a href="/wiki/Apple_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple (company)">Apple (company)</a>.</div> <p>Informally, the range U+F000 through U+F8FF is known as the Corporate Use Area. This originates from early versions of Unicode, which defined an "End User Zone" extending from U+E000 upward and a "Corporate Use Zone" extending from U+F8FF downward, with the boundary between the two left undefined.<sup id="cite_ref-1.1pua_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1.1pua-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Glyph_List" title="Adobe Glyph List">Adobe Glyph List</a> used to use the PUA for some of its glyphs.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> lists a range of 1,280 characters in its developer documentation<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from U+F400–U+F8FF within the PUA for Apple's use. Of those, only 311 are used, in the range U+F700–U+F8FF (<a href="/wiki/NeXT" title="NeXT">NeXT</a> (<a href="/wiki/NeXTSTEP" title="NeXTSTEP">NeXTSTEP</a> and <a href="/wiki/OPENSTEP" class="mw-redirect" title="OPENSTEP">OPENSTEP</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> (<a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> <a href="/wiki/AppKit" title="AppKit">AppKit</a>)).<sup id="cite_ref-PUA_CORPCHAR_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PUA_CORPCHAR-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><span class="anchor" id="U+F8FF"></span> One of these is U+F8FF, the <a href="/wiki/Fonts_on_Macintosh#Apple_logo" title="Fonts on Macintosh">Apple logo</a>, generally supported by Apple's 8-bit sets.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WGL4" class="mw-redirect" title="WGL4">WGL4</a> uses the PUA (U+F001 and U+F002) to encode duplicates of the ligatures ﬁ (U+FB01) ﬂ (U+FB02).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>'s defunct Services For Macintosh feature used U+F001 through U+F029 as replacements for special characters allowed in <a href="/wiki/Hierarchical_File_System_(Apple)" title="Hierarchical File System (Apple)">HFS</a> but forbidden in <a href="/wiki/NTFS" title="NTFS">NTFS</a>, and U+F02A for the Apple logo.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In old versions of its RichEdit component, Microsoft mapped U+F020–U+F0FF within the PUA to symbol fonts. For any character in this range, RichEdit would show a character from a symbol font instead of the end-user-defined character (EUDC)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="cleanup-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);"><a href="/wiki/AutoCAD" title="AutoCAD">AutoCAD</a></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="which version? 2007 uses U+2205, U+00B1, U+00B0 (June 2020)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> uses U+F8FC–U+F8FE for ⌀ (diameter sign), ± (<a href="/wiki/Plus%E2%80%93minus_sign" title="Plus–minus sign">plus–minus sign</a>) and ° (degree sign) respectively.</li> <li>Some fonts place the Windows logo at <code>U+F000</code>.</li> <li>Number <code>U+F000</code> is a numeral succession starting at 13 or 18 in some video games like <i><a href="/wiki/Agar.io" title="Agar.io">Agar.io</a></i>.</li> <li>On <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a>, <code>U+E0FF</code> is displayed as the "Circle Of Friends" logo<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <code>U+F200</code> is "ubuntu" in the <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_(typeface)" title="Ubuntu (typeface)">Ubuntu typeface</a> with a superscripted "Circle Of Friends" (this itself is <code>U+F0FF</code>).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/rbanffy/3270font">3270</a> font includes the <a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a> logo at <code>U+F100</code>.</li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/Linux_Libertine" title="Linux Libertine">Linux Libertine</a> font, <code>U+E000</code> displays <a href="/wiki/Tux_(mascot)" title="Tux (mascot)">Tux</a>, the mascot of <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Font_Awesome" title="Font Awesome">Font Awesome</a> icon font uses the PUA to display various glyphs.</li> <li>Powerline, a status line plugin for <a href="/wiki/Vim_(text_editor)" title="Vim (text editor)">Vim</a>, uses U+E0A0–U+E0A2 and U+E0B0–U+E0B3 for extra <a href="/wiki/Box-drawing_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Box-drawing character">box-drawing characters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On the <a href="/wiki/Fira_Sans" class="mw-redirect" title="Fira Sans">Fira Sans</a> typeface used in <a href="/wiki/Firefox_OS" title="Firefox OS">Firefox OS</a>, <code>U+E003</code> is displayed as the <a href="/wiki/Mozilla" title="Mozilla">Mozilla</a> logo (the dinosaur head).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Multi-Byte_Character_Set" title="Lotus Multi-Byte Character Set">Lotus Multi-Byte Character Set</a> (LMBCS), the encoding and character set internally used by <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Software" title="Lotus Software">Lotus</a>/<a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> <a href="/wiki/Lotus_1-2-3" title="Lotus 1-2-3">Lotus 1-2-3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Symphony_(DOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotus Symphony (DOS)">Symphony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lotus_SmartSuite" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotus SmartSuite">SmartSuite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Notes" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotus Notes">Notes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Domino" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotus Domino">Domino</a> as well as a number of third-party products such as <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Works" title="Microsoft Works">Microsoft Works</a>, uses some characters (<code>U+F862</code>-<code>U+F89F</code> and <code>U+F8FB</code>-<code>U+F8FE</code>) in the Private Use Area for symbols not defined in Unicode. Of these, <code>U+F8FB</code> is known to be reserved for a <a href="/wiki/Crown_(currency)" title="Crown (currency)">crown currency</a> symbol ("Kr"), and <code>U+F8FC</code> and <code>U+F8FD</code> were later mapped to <code>U+FB02</code> (<a href="/wiki/Fi_(ligature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fi (ligature)">ﬂ</a>) and <code>U+FB01</code> (<a href="/wiki/Fi_(ligature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fi (ligature)">ﬁ</a>) respectively. Additionally, when UTF-16 codes are embedded in LMBCS, the UTF-16 codes corresponding to <code>U+F601</code> through <code>U+F6FF</code> are substituted for UTF-16 codes which would contain <a href="/wiki/Null_byte" class="mw-redirect" title="Null byte">null bytes</a>, since LMBCS is designed to not contain embedded null bytes.<sup id="cite_ref-LMB-EXCP_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LMB-EXCP-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lotus_1989_RM31_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lotus_1989_RM31-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>IBM reserved several <a href="/wiki/Code_page_ID" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page ID">code page IDs</a> for PUA code pages: <b>code page 1446</b> for the generic plane 15, <b>code page 1447</b> for the generic plane 16, <b>code page 1448</b> for the generic BMP PUA, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Code_page_1445&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Code page 1445 (page does not exist)">code page 1445</a> (IBM AFP PUA No. 1) for plane 15 with IBM allocations in U+FFF00–U+FFFFD,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Code_page_1449&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Code page 1449 (page does not exist)">code page 1449</a> (IBM default PUA) for the BMP PUA with IBM allocations in U+F83D–U+F8FF.<sup id="cite_ref-ibmpua_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibmpua-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The file system found in Windows uses the <code>U+F000</code> to <code>U+F0FF</code> block to escape <a href="/wiki/Special_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Special characters">special characters</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetApp" title="NetApp">NetApp</a> translates characters in filenames that are allowed on Unix but invalid for <a href="/wiki/Server_Message_Block" title="Server Message Block">SMB</a> clients to PUA characters.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>'s Chirp font provides some additional icons, like <code>U+E000</code> which corresponds to a left down arrow, <code>U+EA00</code> which corresponds to the Twitter bird, and <code>U+F8FF</code> which corresponds to an Apple logo, possibly for compatibility with Apple fonts.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Private-use_characters_in_other_character_sets">Private-use characters in other character sets</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_Use_Areas&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Private-use characters in other character sets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The concept of reserving specific code points for Private Use is based on similar earlier usage in other character sets. In particular, many otherwise obsolete characters in East Asian scripts continue to be used in specific names or other situations, and so some character sets for those scripts made allowance for private-use characters (such as the user-defined planes of <a href="/wiki/CNS_11643" title="CNS 11643">CNS 11643</a>, or <i><a href="/wiki/Kanji#Gaiji" title="Kanji">gaiji</a></i> in certain Japanese encodings). The Unicode standard references these uses under the name "End User Character Definition" (EUCD).<sup id="cite_ref-chapter_16.5_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chapter_16.5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally, the <a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#C1" title="C0 and C1 control codes">C1 control block</a> contains two codes intended for private use "control functions" by <a href="/wiki/ECMA-48" class="mw-redirect" title="ECMA-48">ECMA-48</a>: 0x91 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><span class="smallcaps">private use one</span> (PU1) and 0x92 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r920966791"><span class="smallcaps">private use two</span> (PU2).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unicode includes these at <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+0091</span> </span><span style="font-size:small"><control-0091></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"></span> and <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+0092</span> </span><span style="font-size:small"><control-0092></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"></span> but defines them as control characters (category <code>Cc</code>), not private-use characters (category <code>Co</code>).<sup id="cite_ref-UData_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UData-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Encodings which do not have private use areas but have more or less unused areas, such as <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO/IEC 8859</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shift_JIS" title="Shift JIS">Shift JIS</a>, have seen uncontrolled variants of these encodings evolve.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For Unicode, software companies can use the Private Use Areas for their desired additions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_Use_Areas&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The last two characters of every plane are defined to be <a href="/wiki/Universal_Character_Set_characters#Noncharacters" title="Universal Character Set characters">noncharacters</a>. The remaining 65,534 characters of each of planes 15 and 16 are assigned as private-use characters.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_Use_Areas&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unicode.org/glossary/#private_use_area">"Glossary of Unicode Terms: "Private Use Area (PUA)"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Unicode Consortium</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unicode+Consortium&rft.atitle=Glossary+of+Unicode+Terms%3A+%22Private+Use+Area+%28PUA%29%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funicode.org%2Fglossary%2F%23private_use_area&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrivate+Use+Areas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stability-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stability_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unicode.org/policies/stability_policy.html">"Unicode Character Encoding Stability Policy"</a>. 2021-11-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unicode+Character+Encoding+Stability+Policy&rft.date=2021-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funicode.org%2Fpolicies%2Fstability_policy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrivate+Use+Areas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chapter_16.5-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chapter_16.5_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chapter_16.5_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chapter_16.5_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode14.0.0/ch23.pdf">"Chapter 23 Special Areas and Format Characters"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Unicode Standard Version 14.0 - Core Specification</i>. Private Use characters.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Unicode+Standard+Version+14.0+-+Core+Specification&rft.atitle=Chapter+23+Special+Areas+and+Format+Characters&rft.pages=Private+Use+characters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fversions%2FUnicode14.0.0%2Fch23.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrivate+Use+Areas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unicode-1.0.1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unicode-1.0.1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unicode-1.0.1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode1.0.0/Notice.pdf">"Unicode 1.0.1"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Unicode Standard</i>. 1992-11-03. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160702004420/http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode1.0.0/Notice.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2016-07-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Unicode+Standard&rft.atitle=Unicode+1.0.1&rft.date=1992-11-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fversions%2FUnicode1.0.0%2FNotice.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrivate+Use+Areas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UData-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UData_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UData_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UData_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UData_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/ucd/">"Unicode character database"</a>. <i>The Unicode Standard</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Unicode+Standard&rft.atitle=Unicode+character+database&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fucd%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrivate+Use+Areas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UEnumerated-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UEnumerated_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UEnumerated_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UEnumerated_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/enumeratedversions.html">"Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard"</a>. <i>The Unicode Standard</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Unicode+Standard&rft.atitle=Enumerated+Versions+of+The+Unicode+Standard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fversions%2Fenumeratedversions.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrivate+Use+Areas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode1.0.0/ch03_5.pdf">"3.5: Private Use Area"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Unicode Standard, Version 1.0, Volume 1</i>. <a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a>. 1991. pp. 118–119. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-201-56788-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-201-56788-1"><bdi>0-201-56788-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211021205258/https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode1.0.0/ch03_5.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2021-10-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-08-07</span></span>. <q>Invalid NTFS filename characters are encodeded [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>] using the SFM (Services for Macintosh) private use Unicode characters.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ntfs.util.c&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopensource.apple.com%2Fsource%2Fntfs%2Fntfs-91.50.2%2Futil%2Fntfs.util.c.auto.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrivate+Use+Areas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121022095705/http://support.microsoft.com/kb/897872">"The range of characters between U+F020 and U+F0FF in the Private Use Area of Unicode is mapped to symbol fonts in Richedit 4.1"</a>. <i>Microsoft Knowledge Base</i>. 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C-H 3-3220-050. <q>The area shown in the chart above represents only 254 bytes of row FF in plane 0F.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=REGISTRY%3A+Graphic+Character+Sets+and+Code+Pages&rft.atitle=CPGID+01445%3A+IBM+AFP+PUA+No.+1&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.dhe.ibm.com%2Fsoftware%2Fglobalization%2Fgcoc%2Fattachments%2FCP01445.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrivate+Use+Areas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ibmpua-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ibmpua_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150916190822/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/cp/cp01449.html">"CPGID 01449: IBM default PUA"</a>. <i>IBM Globalization: Code page identifiers</i>. <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/cp/cp01449.html">the original</a> on 2015-09-16. <q>IBM has designated 195 positions from U+F83D to U+F8FF for use as IBM Corporate-zone and intends to use them consistently within IBM whenever there is a need to maintain the round-trip integrity of IBM characters.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IBM+Globalization%3A+Code+page+identifiers&rft.atitle=CPGID+01449%3A+IBM+default+PUA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-01.ibm.com%2Fsoftware%2Fglobalization%2Fcp%2Fcp01449.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrivate+Use+Areas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIBM1997" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> (1997). <i>unicode.nam: Allow the Unicode characters to be specified using either the IBM or PostScript like names</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=unicode.nam%3A+Allow+the+Unicode+characters+to+be+specified+using+either+the+IBM+or+PostScript+like+names.&rft.date=1997&rft.au=IBM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrivate+Use+Areas" class="Z3988"></span> (Included with <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorgendale" class="citation cs2">Borgendale, Ken, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.borgendale.com/tools/tools.htm"><i>OS/2 Codepage and Keyboard Display Tools</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=OS%2F2+Codepage+and+Keyboard+Display+Tools&rft.aulast=Borgendale&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.borgendale.com%2Ftools%2Ftools.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrivate+Use+Areas" class="Z3988"></span>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.netapp.com/us-en/ontap/smb-admin/configure-character-mappings-file-name-translation-task.html">"Configure character mapping for SMB file name translation on volumes"</a>. 9 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Configure+character+mapping+for+SMB+file+name+translation+on+volumes&rft.date=2021-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.netapp.com%2Fus-en%2Fontap%2Fsmb-admin%2Fconfigure-character-mappings-file-name-translation-task.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrivate+Use+Areas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://c.r74n.com/twitter/chirp">"Twitter Chirp Font"</a>. <i>Copy Paste Dump</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Copy+Paste+Dump&rft.atitle=Twitter+Chirp+Font&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fc.r74n.com%2Ftwitter%2Fchirp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrivate+Use+Areas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/ECMA-48_5th_edition_june_1991.pdf">"Standard ECMA-48, Fifth Edition - June 1991"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. §8.2.14 Miscellaneous control functions, §8.3.100, §8.3.101.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Standard+ECMA-48%2C+Fifth+Edition+-+June+1991&rft.pages=%C2%A78.2.14+Miscellaneous+control+functions%2C+%C2%A78.3.100%2C+%C2%A78.3.101&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FECMA-48_5th_edition_june_1991.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrivate+Use+Areas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO-IR-771983" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_2#History" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2">ISO/TC97/SC2</a> (1983-10-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/077.pdf"><i>C1 Control Character Set of ISO 6429</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISO-IR" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-IR">ISO-IR</a>-77.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=C1+Control+Character+Set+of+ISO+6429&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft.date=1983-10-01&rft.au=ISO%2FTC97%2FSC2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fir%2F077.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrivate+Use+Areas" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode14.0.0/ch04.pdf">"Chapter 4 Character Properties"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Unicode Standard Version 14.0 - Core Specification</i>. Table 4-4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Unicode+Standard+Version+14.0+-+Core+Specification&rft.atitle=Chapter+4+Character+Properties&rft.pages=Table+4-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fversions%2FUnicode14.0.0%2Fch04.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrivate+Use+Areas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ftp.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/APPLE/JAPANESE.TXT">"Map (external version) from Mac OS Japanese encoding to Unicode 2.1 and later"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210831135118/http://ftp.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/APPLE/JAPANESE.TXT">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-08-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Map+%28external+version%29+from+Mac+OS+Japanese+encoding+to+Unicode+2.1+and+later.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fftp.unicode.org%2FPublic%2FMAPPINGS%2FVENDORS%2FAPPLE%2FJAPANESE.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrivate+Use+Areas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Unicode_navigation" title="Template:Unicode navigation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Unicode_navigation" title="Template talk:Unicode navigation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Unicode_navigation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Unicode navigation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Unicode" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unicode</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Coded_Character_Set" title="Universal Coded Character Set">ISO/IEC 10646 (Universal Character Set)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode#Versions" title="Unicode">Versions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Code_point" title="Code point">Code points</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_block" title="Unicode block">Block</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Unicode_blocks" title="Category:Unicode blocks">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Character_Set_characters" title="Universal Character Set characters">Universal Character Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Unicode_charts" title="Category:Unicode charts">Character charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_character_property" title="Unicode character property">Character property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plane_(Unicode)" title="Plane (Unicode)">Plane</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Private Use Area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Universal_Character_Set_characters#Special-purpose_characters" title="Universal Character Set characters">Special purpose</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byte_order_mark" title="Byte order mark">BOM</a></li> <li><a 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style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Unicode_characters" title="List of Unicode characters">Characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CJK_Unified_Ideographs" title="CJK Unified Ideographs">CJK Unified Ideographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combining_character" title="Combining character">Combining character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duplicate_characters_in_Unicode" title="Duplicate characters in Unicode">Duplicate characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerals_in_Unicode" title="Numerals in Unicode">Numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Script_(Unicode)" title="Script (Unicode)">Scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_(punctuation)#Spaces_in_Unicode" title="Space (punctuation)">Spaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_symbol" title="Unicode symbol">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfwidth_and_fullwidth_forms" title="Halfwidth and fullwidth forms">Halfwidth and fullwidth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_alias_names_and_abbreviations" title="Unicode alias names and abbreviations">Alias names and abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitespace_character#Unicode" title="Whitespace character">Whitespace characters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em">Algorithms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bidirectional_text" title="Bidirectional text">Bidirectional text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_collation_algorithm" title="Unicode collation algorithm">Collation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14651" title="ISO/IEC 14651">ISO/IEC 14651</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_equivalence" title="Unicode equivalence">Equivalence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variant_form_(Unicode)" title="Variant form (Unicode)">Variation sequences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Ideographs_Core" title="International Ideographs Core">International Ideographs Core</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Unicode_encodings" title="Comparison of Unicode encodings">Comparison of encodings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binary_Ordered_Compression_for_Unicode" title="Binary Ordered Compression for Unicode">BOCU-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CESU-8" title="CESU-8">CESU-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punycode" title="Punycode">Punycode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Compression_Scheme_for_Unicode" title="Standard Compression Scheme for Unicode">SCSU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-1" title="UTF-1">UTF-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-7" title="UTF-7">UTF-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-16" title="UTF-16">UTF-16/UCS-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-32" title="UTF-32">UTF-32/UCS-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-EBCDIC" title="UTF-EBCDIC">UTF-EBCDIC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">On pairs of<br />code points</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combining_character" title="Combining character">Combining character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_compatibility_characters" title="Unicode compatibility characters">Compatibility characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duplicate_characters_in_Unicode" title="Duplicate characters in Unicode">Duplicate characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_equivalence" title="Unicode equivalence">Equivalence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homoglyph" title="Homoglyph">Homoglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precomposed_character" title="Precomposed character">Precomposed character</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_precomposed_Latin_characters_in_Unicode" title="List of precomposed Latin characters in Unicode">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z-variant" title="Z-variant">Z-variant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variant_form_(Unicode)" title="Variant form (Unicode)">Variation sequences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_indicator_symbol" title="Regional indicator symbol">Regional indicator symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emoji#Skin_color" title="Emoji">Emoji skin color</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Usage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internationalized_domain_name" title="Internationalized domain name">Domain names (IDN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_and_email" title="Unicode and email">Email</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_font" title="Unicode font">Fonts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_and_HTML" title="Unicode and HTML">HTML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references" title="List of XML and HTML character entity references">entity references</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numeric_character_reference" title="Numeric character reference">numeric references</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_input" title="Unicode input">Input</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Ideographs_Core" title="International Ideographs Core">International Ideographs Core</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Locale_Data_Repository" title="Common Locale Data Repository">Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_18030" title="GB 18030">GB 18030</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO/IEC 8859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_91379" title="DIN 91379">DIN 91379</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">ISO 15924</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_anomaly" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode anomaly">Anomalies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ConScript_Unicode_Registry" title="ConScript Unicode Registry">ConScript Unicode Registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideographic_Research_Group" title="Ideographic Research Group">Ideographic Research Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Components_for_Unicode" title="International Components for Unicode">International Components for Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_involved_with_Unicode" title="Category:People involved with Unicode">People involved with Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_unification" title="Han unification">Han unification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Scripts_and_symbols_in_Unicode" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Script_(Unicode)" title="Script (Unicode)">Scripts</a> and symbols in Unicode</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Script_(Unicode)#Common_and_inherited_scripts" title="Script (Unicode)">Common and <br />inherited scripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combining_character" title="Combining character">Combining marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punctuation#Punctuation_marks_in_Unicode" title="Punctuation">Punctuation marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_(punctuation)#Spaces_in_Unicode" title="Space (punctuation)">Spaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerals_in_Unicode" title="Numerals in Unicode">Numbers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adlam_script" title="Adlam script">Adlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamum_script" title="Bamum script">Bamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_script" title="Cham script">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CJK_Unified_Ideographs" title="CJK Unified Ideographs">CJK Unified Ideographs (Han)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script_in_Unicode" title="Cyrillic script in Unicode">Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garay_alphabet" title="Garay alphabet">Garay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_script_in_Unicode" title="Greek script in Unicode">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunjala_Gondi_script" title="Gunjala Gondi script">Gunjala Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurung_Khema" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurung Khema">Gurung Khema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi Rohingya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanunoo_script" title="Hanunoo script">Hanunuoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayah_Li_alphabet" title="Kayah Li alphabet">Kayah Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Rai" title="Kirat Rai">Kirat Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_script" title="Lao script">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script_in_Unicode" title="Latin script in Unicode">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_script" title="Fraser script">Lisu (Fraser)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_writing#Munshi_Mangal_Singh_Masaram_Script" title="Gondi writing">Masaram Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende_Kikakui_script" title="Mende Kikakui script">Mende Kikakui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medefaidrin" title="Medefaidrin">Medefaidrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollard_script" title="Pollard script">Miao (Pollard)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mru_language#Alphabet" title="Mru language">Mru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_script" title="N'Ko script">N'Ko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nag_Mundari" class="mw-redirect" title="Nag Mundari">Nag Mundari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Tai_Lue_alphabet" title="New Tai Lue alphabet">New Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCshu" title="Nüshu">Nüshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyiakeng_Puachue_Hmong" title="Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong">Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Chiki_script" title="Ol Chiki script">Ol Chiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Onal" title="Ol Onal">Ol Onal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanya_alphabet" title="Osmanya alphabet">Osmanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pau_Cin_Hau_script" title="Pau Cin Hau script">Pau Cin Hau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit (Newa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejang_alphabet" title="Rejang alphabet">Rejang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavian_alphabet" title="Shavian alphabet">Shavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language" title="Sunwar language">Sunuwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Le_script" title="Tai Le script">Tai Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Tai Tham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Dam_language#Writing_system" title="Tai Dam language">Tai Viet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangsa_language" title="Tangsa language">Tangsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toto_language#Writing_system" title="Toto language">Toto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai_syllabary" title="Vai syllabary">Vai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_script" title="Wancho script">Wancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script" title="Yi script">Yi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient and<br />historic scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_script" title="Ahom script">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_hieroglyphs" title="Anatolian hieroglyphs">Anatolian hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_North_Arabian" title="Ancient North Arabian">Ancient North Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassa_Vah_alphabet" title="Bassa Vah alphabet">Bassa Vah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brāhmī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carian_alphabets" title="Carian alphabets">Carian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albanian_script" title="Caucasian Albanian script">Caucasian Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_script" title="Coptic script">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Cuneiform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypro-Minoan_syllabary" title="Cypro-Minoan syllabary">Cypro-Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dives Akuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbasan" title="Elbasan">Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elymaic" title="Elymaic">Elymaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatran_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatran alphabet">Hatran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Imperial Aramaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts#Inscriptional_Pahlavi" title="Pahlavi scripts">Inscriptional Pahlavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthian_language#Written_Parthian" title="Parthian language">Inscriptional Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_script" title="Kawi script">Kawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_small_script" title="Khitan small script">Khitan small script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudawadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwarezmian_language" title="Khwarezmian language">Khwarezmian</a> (Chorasmian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_A" title="Linear A">Linear A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_alphabet" title="Lycian alphabet">Lycian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydian_alphabet" title="Lydian alphabet">Lydian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makassarese_language#Writing_systems" title="Makassarese language">Makasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_script" title="Manichaean script">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meetei Mayek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meroitic_script" title="Meroitic script">Meroitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modi_script" title="Modi script">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Old Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_scripts" title="Old Italic scripts">Old Italic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Permic_script" title="Old Permic script">Old Permic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Persian_cuneiform" title="Old Persian cuneiform">Old Persian cuneiform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Old Sogdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Old Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur" title="Old Uyghur">Old Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyrene_alphabet" title="Palmyrene alphabet">Palmyrene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">ʼPhags-pa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts#Psalter_Pahlavi" title="Pahlavi scripts">Psalter Pahlavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rune" title="Rune">Runic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">South Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_Nagri" title="Sylheti Nagri">Sylheti Nagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Tagalog (Baybayin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangut_script" title="Tangut script">Tangut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todhri_alphabet" title="Todhri alphabet">Todhri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigalari_script" title="Tigalari script">Tulu Tigalari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugaritic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithkuqi_alphabet" title="Vithkuqi alphabet">Vithkuqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yezidi_(script)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yezidi (script)">Yezidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanabazar_square_script" title="Zanabazar square script">Zanabazar Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notational scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand" title="Duployan shorthand">Duployan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SignWriting" title="SignWriting">SignWriting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols, emojis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list 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