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class="entry-time">November 20, 2024</time> </p></header><div class="entry-content"><div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_top"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_16 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.engineersgarage.com/automatic-software-update-by-iot-device-over-ftp-protocol-iot-part-44/" data-a2a-title="Automatic Software Update by IoT Device over FTP Protocol – IOT Part 44"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engineersgarage.com%2Fautomatic-software-update-by-iot-device-over-ftp-protocol-iot-part-44%2F&linkname=Automatic%20Software%20Update%20by%20IoT%20Device%20over%20FTP%20Protocol%20%E2%80%93%20IOT%20Part%2044" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_x" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/x?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engineersgarage.com%2Fautomatic-software-update-by-iot-device-over-ftp-protocol-iot-part-44%2F&linkname=Automatic%20Software%20Update%20by%20IoT%20Device%20over%20FTP%20Protocol%20%E2%80%93%20IOT%20Part%2044" title="X" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_linkedin" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/linkedin?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engineersgarage.com%2Fautomatic-software-update-by-iot-device-over-ftp-protocol-iot-part-44%2F&linkname=Automatic%20Software%20Update%20by%20IoT%20Device%20over%20FTP%20Protocol%20%E2%80%93%20IOT%20Part%2044" title="LinkedIn" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_reddit" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/reddit?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engineersgarage.com%2Fautomatic-software-update-by-iot-device-over-ftp-protocol-iot-part-44%2F&linkname=Automatic%20Software%20Update%20by%20IoT%20Device%20over%20FTP%20Protocol%20%E2%80%93%20IOT%20Part%2044" title="Reddit" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engineersgarage.com%2Fautomatic-software-update-by-iot-device-over-ftp-protocol-iot-part-44%2F&linkname=Automatic%20Software%20Update%20by%20IoT%20Device%20over%20FTP%20Protocol%20%E2%80%93%20IOT%20Part%2044" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">In the <a href="https://www.engineersgarage.com/application-of-ftp-protocol-in-internet-of-things-iot-part-43/">previous tutorial</a>, <a href="https://www.engineersgarage.com/Articles/File-Transfer-Protocol-IoT" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">FTP protocol </a>and file transfer over it between a Client and Server was discussed. The FTP protocol can really useful in many IoT applications. Many <a href="https://www.engineersgarage.com/Articles/IOT-Architecture-Standards-Protocols" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IOT </a>devices are installed in places like nuclear plant, electrical grids and other industrial setups where these types of devices can get some bugs and need application software updates to fix them. On standard IoT protocols like MQTT, CoAP, etc, it is hard to update and reinstall application software because most of the IoT protocols are designed for IoT communication between devices and network but not for tasks like application updates. The application update on an IoT device is only possible over <a href="https://www.engineersgarage.com/Articles/TCP-IP-Stack-Operations-IoT-Applications" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TCP/IP </a>stack. The FTP protocol is the specifically designed protocol over TCP/IP stack for file transfer between a client and a server. So, it can be used by an IoT device to download updated application software and reinstall it once downloaded. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">In this project, a Raspberry Pi is used as an IoT device which is running a simple python application to blink an LED. So, the IoT device designed in this project is a Raspberry Pi interfaced with an LED. One another python application also keeps running on the daughter board which keeps looking for an update of the LED blinking code from a FTP server. The Update seeking application connects with the FTP server and tracks the version number of the LED blinking code available at the FTP server. If the version number of the LED blinking code is changed, the update seeking code downloads the updated code and reinstall it on the Raspberry Pi. The update process takes place automatically and does not require any human intervention. So, uploading and downloading files from FTP is reliable and fast that many applications uses FTP in update severs. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;"><strong>Components Required – </strong></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">1) Raspberry Pi 3</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">2) LED </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">3) 1K Ω Resistor</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">4) Jumper Wires</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;"><strong>Software Required – </strong></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">1) Raspbian OS</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">2) Leafpad/GNU Nano/Python 3 IDLE (for writing python scripts)</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;"><strong>Block Diagram –</strong></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;"><img decoding="async" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" title="Block Diagram of Raspberry Pi 3 based IoT FTP Client" src="https://www.engineersgarage.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Block-Diagram-Raspberry-Pi-3-based-IoT-FTP-Client.jpg" alt="Block Diagram of Raspberry Pi 3 based IoT FTP Client" /></span></span></p> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;"><em>Fig. 1: Block Diagram of Raspberry Pi 3 based IoT FTP Client</em></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;"><strong>Circuit Connections – </strong></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">A simple IOT device is designed in this project. It has an LED interfaced with the Raspberry Pi 3. The device is designed by assembling the following components together. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;"><strong>Raspberry Pi 3 – </strong>Raspberry Pi 3 is the third generation Raspberry Pi. It is a miniature marvel, packing considerable computing power into a footprint no larger than a credit card. The processor at the heart of the Raspberry Pi system is a Broadcom BCM2837 system-on-chip (SoC) which houses a 1.2 GHz Quad Core ARM Cortex-A53 processor. The vast majority of the system’s components, including its central and graphics processing units along with the audio and communications hardware, are built onto that single component along with 1 GB LPDDR2 memory chip at the centre of the board. It is not just this SoC design that makes the BCM2837 different to the processor found in a typical desktop or laptop, however, it also uses a different instruction set architecture (ISA), known as ARM. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">The Pi comes equipped with on-board 10/100 BaseT Ethernet Socket, HDMI and Composite RCA port for video, 3.5 mm audio output jack, 15-pin MIPI Camera Serial Interface (CSI-2), Display Serial Interface, Bluetooth 4.1, 802.11 b/g/n Wireless LAN, Micro SDIO for Micro SD Card, 4 USB 2.0 Connectors, 40 pin header containing 27 GPIO pins and Micro USB socket for power supply. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">The Raspberry Pi is a single board computer and is designed to run an operating system called GNU/Linux Raspbian. Hereafter referred to simply as Linux. Unlike Windows or OS X, Linux is open source, so it is possible to download the source code for the entire operating system and make whatever changes desired. The Raspberry Pi 3 can also run Windows 10 IoT and many other embedded operating systems most of which are Linux derivatives. The operating system should be loaded in a MicroSD card and boot from it. With powerful computing resources, large number of multimedia interfaces and GPIO pins, Raspberry Pi 3 is a suitable choice to run a software oriented complex IoT or Embedded project that requires sufficient computing power as well as large scale sensor connectivity. With on-board Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, this 3rd generation Pi can be easily deployed in an IoT network. The key specifications of the Raspberry Pi 3 are summarized in the following table –</span></span></div> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;"><img decoding="async" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" title="Table Listing Technical Specifications of Raspberry Pi 3" src="https://www.engineersgarage.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Table-Listing-Technical-Specifications-Raspberry-Pi-3-1.jpg" alt="Table Listing Technical Specifications of Raspberry Pi 3" /></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;"><em><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Fig. 2: Table listing technical specifications of Raspberry Pi 3</span></em></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">The 40-pin header on Raspberry Pi 3 has the following pin configuration – </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;"><img decoding="async" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" title="Table Listing Pin Configuration of 40-Pin Header of Raspberry Pi" src="https://www.engineersgarage.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Table-Listing-Pin-Configuration-40-Pin-Header-Raspberry-Pi.jpg" alt="Table Listing Pin Configuration of 40-Pin Header of Raspberry Pi" /></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;"><em>Fig. 3: Table listing pin configuration of 40-pin header of Raspberry Pi</em></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;"><img decoding="async" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" title="Table Listing Pin Configuration of 40-Pin Header of Raspberry Pi" src="https://www.engineersgarage.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Table-Listing-Pin-Configuration-40-Pin-Header-Raspberry-Pi.jpg" alt="Table Listing Pin Configuration of 40-Pin Header of Raspberry Pi" /></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;"><em><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Fig. 4: Table listing pin configuration of 40-pin header of Raspberry Pi</span></em></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">In this project, an LED is interfaced to GPIO18 pin of the Raspberry Pi. The board is powered by an USB adapter. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;"><strong>LED – </strong>An LED is connected at GPIO18 of the Raspberry Pi. Its anode is connected to Raspberry Pi pin and cathode is cathode is connected to ground. The LED is connected to Pi via a 1K ohm pull-up resistor in series. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;"><strong>Power Supply – </strong>The power source is connected to the Raspberry Pi. The Pi should be powered by a 5V adapter with 2.5 A current output. The adaptor can be connected at Micro USB socket. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;"><strong>How the circuit works – </strong></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">The IoT device designed here is simply a Raspberry Pi 3 controlling an LED. For controlling the LED and keeping the Pi connected to a FTP server, two separate python scripts need to be run on the daughter board. One python script controls the LED blinking and another python script manages to automatically update the LED blinking script. First of all, the Raspberry Pi needs to loaded with an operating system. Here the official operating system for the Raspberry Pi – Linux Raspbian is installed on it. While installing the operating system, the Raspberry Pi should be connected to a display monitor using HDMI cable and a keyboard and mouse through USB ports. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">For installing the Raspbian Operating System on MicroSD card, first download the latest image of Raspbian OS from Raspberry Pi website from the following link – </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;"><a href="https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/raspbian/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><strong>Raspbian Operating System </strong></a></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">Copy the image of the latest Raspbian OS in the MicroSD card. If the MicroSD card used is 32 GB or below, it must be formatted to FAT32 (file system) before copying the image or if the MicroSD card is more than 32 GB, it should be formatted to exFAT before copying the image. Extract the OS Zip and copy it to the MicroSD card. The image can be written to the card by connecting the card to a laptop or PC using a MicroSD card reader. After copying the extracted image, insert the card in the MicroSD slot as shown below –</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;"><img decoding="async" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" title="Typical Image of Raspberry Pi 3 MicroSD Card Slot " src="https://www.engineersgarage.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Typical-Image-Raspberry-Pi-3-MicroSD-Card-Slot-1.jpg" alt="Typical Image of Raspberry Pi 3 MicroSD Card Slot " /></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;"><em><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Fig. 5: Typical Image of Raspberry Pi 3 MicroSD Card Slot </span></em></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> </div> <div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">Connect the Raspberry Pi with a display monitor using HDMI Cable, a keyboard and a mouse. Power on the board by connecting to a power adaptor. The red LED on the board will start blinking and the OS will start booting from the MicroSD card. The boot process will display on the monitor and once the boot is complete, green LED will light up on the Raspberry Pi. After successfully installing Raspbian OS on Raspberry Pi, it is recommended to perform software update. It can be done by running the following Linux commands in the Linux Terminal – </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">$ sudo apt-get update</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">$ sudo apt-get upgrade </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">After installing the Raspbian, it’s time to write and run the python scripts on Raspbian. A python script can be written on Raspbian using a text editor like Leafpad or GNU Nano. The python script can also be written using the default python IDE like Python 2 IDLE or Python 3 IDLE. Open the Python 3 IDLE by navigating through Menu -> Programming -> Python 3 IDLE. A window called Python 3.4.2 Shell will open up. Write the python scripts and save them to a directory. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;"> The python script written for this project should run at the startup as the Pi 3 is powered on. The script runs an infinite loop so it never ends. There are some methods by which the Raspberry Pi can be configured to run a python script on start up. Any of the following methods can be used – </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">1) Editing rc.local – </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">The commands can be added to the file /etc/rc.local to run a program or command when the raspberry Pi boots up. This is especially useful if the Pi has to plug in to power headless, and have it run a program without configuration or a manual start. The file should be edited with root by running the following commands in the Linux Terminal – </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">sudo nano /etc/rc.local </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">Now add commands to execute the python script using complete file path and add an ampersand at the end of the command so that the script runs in a separate process and booting could continue. The following command should be added where the python scripts are saved as FTP.py and CODE.py- </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">sudo python /home/pi/FTP.py &</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">exit 0</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">The command should be added just before the line exit 0 in the rc.local file. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">2) Editing .bashrc – </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">The .bashrc is a hidden file in the home folder that contains user configuration options. Open the .bshrc file by running the following commands in the Linux terminal – </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">sudo nano /home/pi/.bashrc</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">Add the following lines after the last line in the file – </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">echo Running at boot </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">sudo python /home/pi/FTP.py</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">3) Adding script to init.d directory – </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">The init.d directory contains the scripts which are started during the boot process (in addition, all programs here are executed when Pi is shutdown or rebooted). Add the script to be run at startup to the init.d directory using the following commands – </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">sudo cp /home/pi/securitysystem.py /etc/init.d/</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">Move to the init directory and open the python script by running the following commands – </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">cd /etc/init.d</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">sudo nano FTP.py</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">Add the following lines to the python script to make it a Linux Standard Base (LSB) – </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;"># /etc/init.d/sample.py</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">### BEGIN INIT INFO</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;"># Provides: sample.py</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;"># Required-Start: $remote_fs $syslog</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;"># Required-Stop: $remote_fs $syslog</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;"># Default-Start: 2 3 4 5</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;"># Default-Stop: 0 1 6</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;"># Short-Description: Start daemon at boot time</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;"># Description: Enable service provided by daemon.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">### END INIT INFO</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">Make the python script in the init directory executable by changing its permission by running the following command –</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">sudo chmod +x FTP.py </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">Then run the following command – </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">sudo update-rc.d FTP.py defaults</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">Next reboot the Pi by running the following command – </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">sudo reboot</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">Any of the above methods can be used to make the python script run on startup. Now the Pi 3 can be disconnected with the display monitor, keyboard and mouse. Interface the LED with the Raspberry Pi and power it up. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">Now when the Pi will power up, it will run both the scripts on start up. The main script (CODE.py) controls the blinking of LED. It let the LED blink over a period of few seconds. The other script (FTP.py) keeps checking for file on FTP server for version of the main file. The file checked by the script and containing version number is named as ‘Readme.txt’ and simply contains version number of the LED Blinking script as plain text. If update script (FTP.py) finds any changes in the version indication file (Readme.txt) on FTP server, which means the application file is changed, (in which case the period of blinking led could have been changed in CODE.py uploaded to FTP server), it indicates that new version of the main file is available. Now the updated version of the main file is downloaded from FTP server. After downloading, the main script is restarted so the changes can take effect and thus the led blink duration is then changed. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">The FTP.py runs on the startup and checks for the application code (CODE.py) from the FTP server. The FTP.py itself manages to download, install and run the main code i.e. CODE.py. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;"><strong>Programming Guide – </strong></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">There are two python scripts written which run on the startup. One of the python script simply blinks LED connected to the Raspberry Pi and it is saved as CODE.py. This script begins with importing required libraries – RPi.GPIO library for handing digital input and output and time library for time delays. RPi.GPIO is a module to control Raspberry Pi GPIO channels. There may be more than one script/circuit on the GPIO of the Raspberry Pi. As a result of this, if RPi.GPIO detects that a pin has been configured to something other than the default (input), it may give a warning when the Pi tries to configure the script. To disable these warnings, false argument is passed to setwarning() method. A variable is initialized which is set to 24. The GPIO numbering system is set to BCM which refers to the channel numbers on Broadcom SoC. The BCM channel number 24 is configured as GPIO output using the setup() method and it is set to LOW using output() method. An infinite loop is run in which the GPIO output is set to HIGH and LOW alternatively using output() method and time delay is provided using sleep() method of time module which accepts delay interval as parameter in milliseconds. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">The second file (FTP.py) is the update script. The application file can be any script file which in this case is CODE.py. The update script is divided into four parts –</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">1. Setting FTP server</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">2. Connecting to FTP server </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">3. Downloading Version file and comparing</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">4. Downloading the Application File and restarting the Application</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">1.<strong> Setting Server: </strong>The FTP server must contain two files, readme.txt (Which contains the version information) and code.py (Containing Main application code file). Any open FTP server like www.biz.nf can be used for web hosting. Create an account there and just upload those two files.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">2. <strong>Connecting to FTP server: </strong>To connect to FTP server a python library that supports FTP commands “ftplib” is imported. It should be imported into top of the update script.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">import ftplib as ftp</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">To connect to ftp server, the connection is started on a session variable. The server address and its username and password are provided to the variable.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">session = ftp.FTP(‘192.168.1.100′,’iot_user’,’123123123′)</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">3. <strong>Downloading the Version File and Comparing:</strong> The readme file on server contains information about the current version of the Application code. Also in the update script, current version is defined with a variable.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">c_version = “1” </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">The readme file from FTP server is downloaded and stored into a variable “version”. The file is opened and read to detect version number. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">with open(‘README.txt’, ‘r’) as myfile:</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">version=myfile.read().replace(‘n’, ”)</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">After storing, the version variables are compared and if changes are found, the downloading process of Application code from FTP server is initiated.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">if(version != c_version):</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">global c_version</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">c_version = version</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">4. <strong>Downloading the Application File and restarting the Application:</strong> After the comparison between version and detection of version change, the download of updated Code.py from FTP server is initiated.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">session.retrbinary(‘RETR CODE.py’, open(‘CODE.py’, ‘wb’).write)</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">The file is retrieved and stored as the same name as the main Application file. First the running application is killed.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">check_kill_process(“CODE.py”)</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">Then, a separate thread is started to restart the application.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">start = ‘sudo python CODE.py’</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">proc = subprocess.Popen(start, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, stdin=subprocess.PIPE)</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif;">So, this is how the FTP protocol can be used in an IOT application for automatic application update. Check out the python scripts from the code section and try them out. In the <a href="https://www.engineersgarage.com/ssh-file-transfer-protocol-iot-part-45/">next tutorial</a>, learn about SFTP Protocol. SFTP is a secure variant of FTP protocol. </span></span></div> <div></div> </div> </div> <style type="text/css"> @page { margin: 2cm } p { margin-bottom: 0.25cm; direction: ltr; line-height: 120%; text-align: left; orphans: 2; widows: 2 } a:link { color: #0563c1 }</style> <h3>Project Source Code</h3><div style="background-color:#000000;color:#ffffff"><pre><pre> <span style="font-size:12px;">### //Program to import ftplib as ftp import time import os,signal import subprocess version = "" c_version = "1" session = ftp.FTP('192.168.1.100','iot_user','123123123') #stop = 'sudo kill $(ps aux | grep CODE.py | awk '{{print $2}}')' start = 'sudo python CODE.py' def update():<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> #ftp.cwd('debian') #session.retrlines('LIST') session.retrbinary('RETR README.txt', open('README.txt', 'wb').write) with open('README.txt', 'r') as myfile: version=myfile.read().replace('n', '') if(version != c_version): global c_version session.retrbinary('RETR CODE.py', open('CODE.py', 'wb').write) c_version = version time.sleep(1) check_kill_process("CODE.py") print "STOP pass" time.sleep(1) proc = subprocess.Popen(start, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, stdin=subprocess.PIPE) print "START Pass" time.sleep(3) print "UPDATED!" else: time.sleep(5) print "NO UPDATES" def check_kill_process(pstring): for line in os.popen("ps ax | grep " + pstring + " | grep -v grep"): fields = line.split() pid = fields[0] os.kill(int(pid), signal.SIGKILL) while True: try: update() except Exception as e: session.quit() print e<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> ###</span></pre> <p> </p></pre></div><br /><h3>Circuit Diagrams</h3><div style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000"><table><tr><td><a href='https://www.engineersgarage.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Circuit-Diagram-Raspberry-Pi-3-based-IoT-FTP-Client.jpg' target='_blank'><b>Circuit-Diagram-Raspberry-Pi-3-based-IoT-FTP-Client</b></a></td> <td><a href='https://www.engineersgarage.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Circuit-Diagram-Raspberry-Pi-3-based-IoT-FTP-Client.jpg' target='_blank'><img src='https://www.engineersgarage.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Circuit-Diagram-Raspberry-Pi-3-based-IoT-FTP-Client.jpg' width='250'</a></td></tr></table></div><br /><hr><span class="entry-categories">Filed Under: <a href="https://www.engineersgarage.com/featured-contributions/" rel="category tag">Featured Contributions</a>, <a href="https://www.engineersgarage.com/tutorials/iot-tutorials/" rel="category tag">IoT tutorials</a>, <a href="https://www.engineersgarage.com/tutorials/" rel="category tag">Tutorials</a></span><br /><span class="entry-tags">Tagged With: <a href="https://www.engineersgarage.com/tag/iot/" rel="tag">IoT</a></span><br /> <hr><hr /> <nav class="navigation post-navigation" aria-label="Next Article"> <h2 class="screen-reader-text">Next Article</h2> <div class="nav-links"><div class="nav-previous"><a href="https://www.engineersgarage.com/ssh-file-transfer-protocol-iot-part-45/" rel="prev">← Previous Article</a></div><div class="nav-next"><a href="https://www.engineersgarage.com/application-of-ftp-protocol-in-internet-of-things-iot-part-43/" rel="next">Next Article →</a></div></div> </nav><hr /></div><footer class="entry-footer"></footer></article><section id="custom_html-7" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><div class="widget_text widget-wrap"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"></div></div></section> <section id="custom_html-8" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><div class="widget_text widget-wrap"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><center> <div style="display: flex; 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