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Frustrated by the lack of recognition, he subsequently switched sides to the British and plotted the surrender of West Point. When his traitorous plans" data-next-head/><meta name="sailthru.tags" content="military-figures,Famous Military Figures,american-revolution-figures,American Revolutionaries,Biography-US" data-next-head/><meta name="sailthru.date" content="2021-03-26 15:24:00" data-next-head/><meta name="sailthru.socialtitle" content="Benedict Arnold - Children, Wife &amp; Facts" data-next-head/><meta name="sailthru.contenttype" content="standard-article" data-next-head/><meta id="m1" name="m1" itemprop="cssSelector " content=".content-hed" data-next-head/><meta id="m2" name="m2" itemprop="cssSelector" content=".content-dek p" data-next-head/><link href="/" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SpeakableSpecification" itemref="m1 m2" data-next-head/><script id="settings" 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Frustrated by the lack of recognition, he subsequently switched sides to the British and plotted the surrender of West Point. When his traitorous plans came to light, Arnold escaped capture and eventually made his way to England.Early LifeArnold was born in Norwich, Connecticut, on January 14, 1741. His father was a successful businessman and young Arnold was educated in private schools. Following the deaths of three of his children from yellow fever, his father began to drink heavily and fell on difficult financial times. Arnold left school and apprenticed at an apothecary.In 1757, at age 16, Arnold enlisted in the militia and traveled to upstate New York to fight the French. Two years later, he assumed responsibility for his father and sister following his mother’s death of yellow fever. His grieving father fell apart and was arrested repeatedly for drunkenness before his death in 1761.Successful Merchant and Son of LibertyArnold settled in New Haven, Connecticut, working as a pharmacist and bookseller. In 1764, he formed a partnership with merchant Adam Babcock. The pair bought three trading ships and established trade connections with the West Indies. Arnold became prosperous but grew frustrated with the British trade restrictions and taxes.The Sugar Act of 1764 and the Stamp Act the following year restricted mercantile trade and ignited Colonists’ claims of taxation without representation. Arnold joined the Sons of Liberty, a secret organization opposed to Parliament’s taxing laws. In 1767, Arnold married Margaret Mansfield, the daughter of the sheriff of New Haven. The couple had three sons over the following five years.Controversial War HeroArnold began the war as a militia captain. Following the fighting at Lexington and Concord, his company marched from Connecticut northeast toward Boston. On May 10, 1775, Arnold partnered with frontiersman Ethan Allen to seize New York’s Fort Ticonderoga. Returning home after the battle, he learned that his wife had died earlier in the month.On June 27, 1775, the Continental Congress authorized the invasion of Quebec partly at the urging of Arnold. But Congress gave General Philip Schuyler the command. Arnold was passed over but not pacified. He proposed a second invasion of Canada to General George Washington to lead a second expedition to attack via a wilderness route. The ill-fated mission ran into problems from the outset—discovered plans, inclement weather and poor timing caused the battle to fail. Early on, Arnold received a severe leg wound and was carried off the field. The battle raged on but ultimately led to a humiliating defeat for the Americans.Adding to his problems, Arnold proved to be a divisive figure. Though he fought heroically in conflicts, including the Battle of Lake Champlain in 1776 and Battle of Saratoga in October 1777, he made many enemies including some of his superior officers. He often felt he did not receive the recognition he deserved and by the end of the year, he had threatened to resign from the Continental Army. After the British withdrawal from Philadelphia in the spring of 1778, Washington appointed Arnold the military commander of the city.The Turn of the CoatWhile commanding in Philadelphia, Arnold met and married Peggy Shippen, 20 years his junior, the daughter of a Loyalist sympathizer. The marriage brought him the social status he craved, but not the wealth to match it. He lived lavishly in debt and his lifestyle attracted the Continental Congress’ attention. He was brought up on charges and court-martialed in May 1779. He was acquitted of most charges and received a mild reprimand from General Washington. Shippen had met British Major John André during the British occupation and had developed ways of maintaining contact with British soldiers across the battle lines. Arnold and André began a correspondence, sometimes using Shippen as an intermediary. By the following summer, Arnold was providing the British with troop locations, as well as the locations of supply depots. Arnold gained access to even more sensitive information when he assumed command of West Point in August 1780. He began systematically weakening the fort’s defenses, refusing to order necessary repairs and draining its supplies. At the same time, Arnold began transferring his personal assets from Connecticut to England. Arnold and André met in person on September 21, 1780, to discuss the operation. Several days later, André was captured carrying papers detailing revealing Arnold’s role in the West Point surrender plot. This evidence was sent to General Washington. Learning of André's capture, Arnold fled downriver and crossed British lines. André was hanged at Tappan, New York, on October 2. Although Washington sent men into New York to apprehend Arnold, the effort was unsuccessful. Arnold’s treason actually helped serve the floundering American war effort by re-energizing the Patriot’s declining morale. Later Life and LegacyArnold soon began openly fighting for the British. Although he was paid well for his services, he was never fully trusted by the British and was passed over for important military commands. When word of British surrender reached New York, Arnold requested leave to return to England with his family, which he did in December 1781. Over the following years, he repeatedly attempted to gain positions with the British East India Company and the British military, but was unable to find a place for himself. In 1785, Arnold and his son Richard moved to New Brunswick, Canada, where they established a West Indies trade. Following a series of business dealings that resulted in a crowd burning Arnold in effigy, the family returned to London. Arnold continued to trade with the West Indies during the French Revolution and was imprisoned by French authorities for a short time on suspicion of spying.In January 1801, Arnold's health began to decline. He died on June 14, 1801, at the age of 60, and was buried at St. Mary’s Church in Battersea, London.The treasonous actions of Arnold are legendary in the United States. Arnold’s name is omitted from a number of Revolutionary War monuments and has been colloquially invoked as an accusation of traitorous behavior against individuals as disparate as John Brown and Jefferson Davis.Watch \"Benedict Arnold: Triumph and Treason\" on HISTORY VaultQUICK FACTS Birth date: January 14, 1741Birth State: ConnecticutBirth City: NorwichBirth Country: United StatesGender: MaleBest Known For: Benedict Arnold was an American Revolutionary War general best known for his defection from the Continental Army to the British side of the conflict in 1780.Astrological Sign: Capricorn Death date: June 14, 1801Death City: LondonDeath Country: United Kingdom Fact Check: We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn’t look right, contact us! 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class="css-1jkvsvg e1f1sunr6"><p>Benedict Arnold was an American Revolutionary War general best known for his defection from the Continental Army to the British side of the conflict in 1780.</p></div><div class="css-dqgtjs e1f1sunr5"><address class="css-rshh1 e1v8cotw2"><time class="css-1mqcmvu e1f1sunr4">Updated: Mar 26, 2021 11:24 AM EDT</time></address></div><div class="no-print css-17mvcka e1f1sunr11"><div data-journey-blur="true" class="content-header-actions css-18jz25a e1f1sunr10"></div></div></div></div></section></header><div data-journey-hide="true" class="css-k008qs et2g3wt0"><div class="standard-container content-container article-container css-1q1kaac et2g3wt3"><div class="content-lead css-1f8o566 et2g3wt5"><div data-journey-blur="true" class="content-lead-image css-sm2oir e17huqc62"><div class="css-96439d e17huqc61"><picture class="css-1oxikel e1i0vlu30"><source srcset="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-50699244.jpg?resize=1200:*" media="(min-width: 73.75rem)"/><source srcset="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-50699244.jpg?resize=1024:*" media="(min-width: 64rem)"/><source srcset="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-50699244.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&amp;resize=980:*" media="(min-width: 48rem)"/><source srcset="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-50699244.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&amp;resize=640:*" media="(max-width: 48rem)"/><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-50699244.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&amp;resize=640:*" alt="Benedict Arnold" title="Benedict Arnold" width="500" height="500" decoding="async" fetchPriority="high" sizes="100vw"/></picture></div><section data-lazy-id="P0-7"><figcaption data-theme-key="photo-credit-figcaption-lead-image" class="css-wgijip e1g9hcy40"><span data-theme-key="photo-credit-creditor" class="css-qgag6n e1geg53v2">Photo: Time Life Pictures/Mansell/The LIFE Picture Collection via Getty Images</span></figcaption></section></div></div><div data-journey-body="standard-article" class="article-body-content article-body standard-body-content css-138kbxz et2g3wt6"><blockquote data-node-id="0" class="body-blockquote css-1uvqler emevuu60">1741-1801</blockquote><h2 data-node-id="1" class="css-1k4xijy emevuu60">Who Was Benedict Arnold?</h2><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="2" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">A member of the Sons of Liberty, Benedict Arnold rose to the rank of general in the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War. Frustrated by the lack of recognition, he subsequently switched sides to the British and plotted the surrender of West Point. When his traitorous plans came to light, Arnold escaped capture and eventually made his way to England.</p><h2 data-node-id="3" class="css-1k4xijy emevuu60">Early Life</h2><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="4" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">Arnold was born in Norwich, Connecticut, on January 14, 1741. His father was a successful businessman and young Arnold was educated in private schools. Following the deaths of three of his children from yellow fever, his father began to drink heavily and fell on difficult financial times. Arnold left school and apprenticed at an apothecary.</p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="5" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">In 1757, at age 16, Arnold enlisted in the militia and traveled to upstate New York to fight the French. Two years later, he assumed responsibility for his father and sister following his mother’s death of yellow fever. His grieving father fell apart and was arrested repeatedly for drunkenness before his death in 1761.</p><section data-embed="watch-next" data-lazy-id="P0-8" data-node-id="6" class="embed"></section><h2 data-node-id="7" class="css-1k4xijy emevuu60">Successful Merchant and Son of Liberty</h2><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="8" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">Arnold settled in New Haven, Connecticut, working as a pharmacist and bookseller. In 1764, he formed a partnership with merchant Adam Babcock. The pair bought three trading ships and established trade connections with the West Indies. Arnold became prosperous but grew frustrated with the British trade restrictions and taxes.</p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="9" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">The Sugar Act of 1764 and the Stamp Act the following year restricted mercantile trade and ignited Colonists’ claims of taxation without representation. Arnold joined the Sons of Liberty, a secret organization opposed to Parliament’s taxing laws. </p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="10" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">In 1767, Arnold married Margaret Mansfield, the daughter of the sheriff of New Haven. The couple had three sons over the following five years.</p><h2 data-node-id="11" class="css-1k4xijy emevuu60"><strong>Controversial War Hero</strong></h2><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="12" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">Arnold began the war as a militia captain. Following the fighting at Lexington and Concord, his company marched from Connecticut northeast toward Boston. On May 10, 1775, Arnold partnered with frontiersman <a href="https://www.biography.com/military-figures/ethan-allen" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/military-figures/ethan-allen" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Ethan Allen" class="body-link css-1dhrel9 emevuu60">Ethan Allen</a> to seize New York’s Fort Ticonderoga. Returning home after the battle, he learned that his wife had died earlier in the month.</p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="13" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">On June 27, 1775, the Continental Congress authorized the invasion of Quebec partly at the urging of Arnold. But Congress gave General Philip Schuyler the command. Arnold was passed over but not pacified. He proposed a second invasion of Canada to General <a href="https://www.biography.com/political-figures/george-washington" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/political-figures/george-washington" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="George Washington" class="body-link css-1dhrel9 emevuu60">George Washington</a> to lead a second expedition to attack via a wilderness route. The ill-fated mission ran into problems from the outset—discovered plans, inclement weather and poor timing caused the battle to fail. Early on, Arnold received a severe leg wound and was carried off the field. The battle raged on but ultimately led to a humiliating defeat for the Americans.</p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="14" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">Adding to his problems, Arnold proved to be a divisive figure. Though he fought heroically in conflicts, including the Battle of Lake Champlain in 1776 and Battle of Saratoga in October 1777, he made many enemies including some of his superior officers. He often felt he did not receive the recognition he deserved and by the end of the year, he had threatened to resign from the Continental Army. After the British withdrawal from Philadelphia in the spring of 1778, Washington appointed Arnold the military commander of the city.</p><h2 data-node-id="15" class="css-1k4xijy emevuu60">The Turn of the Coat</h2><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="16" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">While commanding in Philadelphia, Arnold met and married <a href="http://people/peggy-shippen" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="http://people/peggy-shippen" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Peggy Shippen" class="body-link css-1dhrel9 emevuu60">Peggy Shippen</a>, 20 years his junior, the daughter of a Loyalist sympathizer. The marriage brought him the social status he craved, but not the wealth to match it. He lived lavishly in debt and his lifestyle attracted the Continental Congress’ attention. He was brought up on charges and court-martialed in May 1779. He was acquitted of most charges and received a mild reprimand from General Washington. </p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="17" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">Shippen had met British Major John André during the British occupation and had developed ways of maintaining contact with British soldiers across the battle lines. Arnold and André began a correspondence, sometimes using Shippen as an intermediary. By the following summer, Arnold was providing the British with troop locations, as well as the locations of supply depots. </p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="18" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">Arnold gained access to even more sensitive information when he assumed command of West Point in August 1780. He began systematically weakening the fort’s defenses, refusing to order necessary repairs and draining its supplies. At the same time, Arnold began transferring his personal assets from Connecticut to England. </p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="19" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">Arnold and André met in person on September 21, 1780, to discuss the operation. Several days later, André was captured carrying papers detailing revealing Arnold’s role in the West Point surrender plot. This evidence was sent to General Washington. </p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="20" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">Learning of André's capture, Arnold fled downriver and crossed British lines. André was hanged at Tappan, New York, on October 2. Although Washington sent men into New York to apprehend Arnold, the effort was unsuccessful. Arnold’s treason actually helped serve the floundering American war effort by re-energizing the Patriot’s declining morale. </p><h2 data-node-id="21" class="css-1k4xijy emevuu60">Later Life and Legacy</h2><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="22" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">Arnold soon began openly fighting for the British. Although he was paid well for his services, he was never fully trusted by the British and was passed over for important military commands. When word of British surrender reached New York, Arnold requested leave to return to England with his family, which he did in December 1781. Over the following years, he repeatedly attempted to gain positions with the British East India Company and the British military, but was unable to find a place for himself. </p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="23" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">In 1785, Arnold and his son Richard moved to New Brunswick, Canada, where they established a West Indies trade. Following a series of business dealings that resulted in a crowd burning Arnold in effigy, the family returned to London. Arnold continued to trade with the West Indies during the French Revolution and was imprisoned by French authorities for a short time on suspicion of spying.</p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="24" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">In January 1801, Arnold's health began to decline. He died on June 14, 1801, at the age of 60, and was buried at St. Mary’s Church in Battersea, London.</p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="25" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">The treasonous actions of Arnold are legendary in the United States. Arnold’s name is omitted from a number of Revolutionary War monuments and has been colloquially invoked as an accusation of traitorous behavior against individuals as disparate as John Brown and Jefferson Davis.</p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="26" class="css-auya5i emevuu60"><strong><a href="https://www.historyvault.com/collections/biography?cmpid=HV_Bio_Benedict_Arnold" rel="nofollow" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.historyvault.com/collections/biography?cmpid=HV_Bio_Benedict_Arnold" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Watch &quot;Benedict Arnold: Triumph and Treason&quot; on HISTORY Vault" class="body-link css-1dhrel9 emevuu60">Watch &quot;Benedict Arnold: Triumph and Treason&quot; on HISTORY Vault</a></strong></p><section data-embed="body-image" data-lazy-id="P0-9" data-node-id="27" class="embed"><div size="medium" data-embed="body-image" class="align-center size-medium embed css-6i9ia4 e1fodxfw4"><div class="css-uwraif e1fodxfw3"><img alt="Edgar Allan Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe" loading="lazy" width="700" height="200" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;" sizes="100vw" srcset="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/editorial-promo-700x200-svod-hvault-topics-biography.jpg?resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/editorial-promo-700x200-svod-hvault-topics-biography.jpg?resize=768:* 980w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/editorial-promo-700x200-svod-hvault-topics-biography.jpg?resize=980:* 1120w" src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/editorial-promo-700x200-svod-hvault-topics-biography.jpg?resize=980:*" class="css-0 e1g79fud0"/><div class="css-swqnqv e1fodxfw2"></div></div></div></section><p data-node-id="28" class="css-auya5i emevuu60"></p><p data-node-id="29" class="css-auya5i emevuu60"></p><h2 data-node-id="30" class="css-1k4xijy emevuu60"></h2><hr data-node-id="31" class="css-18pb4rg emevuu60"/><h1 data-node-id="32">QUICK FACTS </h1><ul data-node-id="33" class="css-9b1pbo emevuu60"><li>Birth date: January 14, 1741</li><li>Birth State: Connecticut</li><li>Birth City: Norwich</li><li>Birth Country: United States</li><li>Gender: Male</li><li>Best Known For: Benedict Arnold was an American Revolutionary War general best known for his defection from the Continental Army to the British side of the conflict in 1780.</li><li>Astrological Sign: Capricorn </li><li>Death date: June 14, 1801</li><li>Death City: London</li><li>Death Country: United Kingdom </li></ul><blockquote data-node-id="34" class="body-blockquote css-1uvqler emevuu60">Fact Check: We strive for accuracy and fairness. 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Frustrated by the lack of recognition, he subsequently switched sides to the British and plotted the surrender of West Point. When his traitorous plans came to light, Arnold escaped capture and eventually made his way to England.","type":"text"}],"name":"p","attribs":{"data-journey-content":true},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"Early Life","type":"text"}],"name":"h2","attribs":{},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"Arnold was born in Norwich, Connecticut, on January 14, 1741. His father was a successful businessman and young Arnold was educated in private schools. Following the deaths of three of his children from yellow fever, his father began to drink heavily and fell on difficult financial times. Arnold left school and apprenticed at an apothecary.","type":"text"}],"name":"p","attribs":{"data-journey-content":true},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"In 1757, at age 16, Arnold enlisted in the militia and traveled to upstate New York to fight the French. 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Following the fighting at Lexington and Concord, his company marched from Connecticut northeast toward Boston. On May 10, 1775, Arnold partnered with frontiersman ","type":"text"},{"children":[{"data":"Ethan Allen","type":"text"}],"name":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.biography.com/military-figures/ethan-allen","data-vars-ga-outbound-link":"https://www.biography.com/military-figures/ethan-allen","data-vars-ga-ux-element":"Hyperlink","data-vars-ga-call-to-action":"Ethan Allen","class":"body-link"},"type":"tag","response":{}},{"data":" to seize New York’s Fort Ticonderoga. Returning home after the battle, he learned that his wife had died earlier in the month.","type":"text"}],"name":"p","attribs":{"data-journey-content":true},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"On June 27, 1775, the Continental Congress authorized the invasion of Quebec partly at the urging of Arnold. But Congress gave General Philip Schuyler the command. Arnold was passed over but not pacified. 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