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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Extremely high frequency</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9" title="تردد متطرف الارتفاع – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تردد متطرف الارتفاع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekstremno_visoke_frekvencije" title="Ekstremno visoke frekvencije – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ekstremno visoke frekvencije" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncia_extremadament_alta" title="Freqüència extremadament alta – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Freqüència extremadament alta" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/EHF_(elektromagnetiske_spektrum)" title="EHF (elektromagnetiske spektrum) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="EHF (elektromagnetiske spektrum)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millimeterwelle" title="Millimeterwelle – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Millimeterwelle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/EHF" title="EHF – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="EHF" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frecuencia_extremadamente_alta" title="Frecuencia extremadamente alta – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Frecuencia extremadamente alta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milimetra_ondo" title="Milimetra ondo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Milimetra ondo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7" title="بسامد بس‌بالا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بسامد بس‌بالا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extr%C3%AAmement_haute_fr%C3%A9quence" title="Extrêmement haute fréquence – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Extrêmement haute fréquence" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%B9%EA%B3%A0%EC%A3%BC%ED%8C%8C" title="극고주파 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="극고주파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Միլիմետրական ալիքներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միլիմետրական ալիքներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_(EHF)" title="अत्यधिक उच्चावृत्ति (EHF) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अत्यधिक उच्चावृत्ति (EHF)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frekuensi_amat_tinggi" title="Frekuensi amat tinggi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Frekuensi amat tinggi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremely_high_frequency" title="Extremely high frequency – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Extremely high frequency" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="גלים מילימטריים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גלים מילימטריים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millimeterwell" title="Millimeterwell – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Millimeterwell" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millim%C3%A9teres_hull%C3%A1m" title="Milliméteres hullám – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Milliméteres hullám" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8D%D1%82_%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%A9%D1%80_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B6" title="Хэт өндөр давтамж – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хэт өндөр давтамж" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremely_high_frequency" title="Extremely high frequency – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Extremely high frequency" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="अत्यधिक उच्चावृत्ति – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अत्यधिक उच्चावृत्ति" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%83%AA%E6%B3%A2" title="ミリ波 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ミリ波" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekstremt_h%C3%B8y_frekvens" title="Ekstremt høy frekvens – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ekstremt høy frekvens" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekstremt_h%C3%B8g_frekvens" title="Ekstremt høg frekvens – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ekstremt høg frekvens" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A7_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE" title="ਹੱਦੋਂ ਵੱਧ ਵਾਰਵਾਰਤਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹੱਦੋਂ ਵੱਧ ਵਾਰਵਾਰਤਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fale_milimetrowe" title="Fale milimetrowe – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fale milimetrowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequ%C3%AAncia_extremamente_alta" title="Frequência extremamente alta – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Frequência extremamente alta" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Миллиметровые волны – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Миллиметровые волны" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/EHF_(taajuusalue)" title="EHF (taajuusalue) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="EHF (taajuusalue)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremt_h%C3%B6g_frekvens" title="Extremt hög frekvens – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Extremt hög frekvens" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94" title="ความถี่สูงสุด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ความถี่สูงสุด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%9F%C4%B1r%C4%B1_y%C3%BCksek_frekans" title="Aşırı yüksek frekans – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Aşırı yüksek frekans" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96_%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Міліметрові хвилі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Міліметрові хвилі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%A7n_s%E1%BB%91_c%E1%BB%B1c_k%E1%BB%B3_cao" title="Tần số cực kỳ cao – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tần số cực kỳ cao" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">The range 30–300 GHz of the electromagnetic spectrum</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title fn" style="padding-bottom:0.2em;"><span class="fn">Extremely high frequency</span></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddf;">Extremely high frequency</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-right:1.0em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Frequency range</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">30 to 300 <a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">GHz</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-right:1.0em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Wavelength range</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">10–1 <a href="/wiki/Meter" class="mw-redirect" title="Meter">mm</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-right:1.0em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Related bands</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist nowrap"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K_band_(NATO)" title="K band (NATO)">K</a> / <a href="/wiki/L_band_(NATO)" title="L band (NATO)">L</a> / <a href="/wiki/M_band_(NATO)" title="M band (NATO)">M</a> (NATO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka_band" title="Ka band">K<sub>a</sub></a> / <a href="/wiki/V_band" title="V band">V</a> / <a href="/wiki/W_band" title="W band">W</a> / mm (IEEE)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddf;">Millimetre band (IEEE)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-right:1.0em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Frequency range</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">110 to 300 GHz</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-right:1.0em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Wavelength range</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">2.73 to 1 mm</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-right:1.0em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Related bands</div></th><td class="infobox-data">EHF (IEEE)</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Radio_spectrum" title="Radio spectrum">Radio bands</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> <a href="/wiki/ITU_radio_bands" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU radio bands">ITU </a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <table style="margin:0 auto;text-align:left;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="padding-right:1.0em;;"> <a href="/wiki/Extremely_low_frequency" title="Extremely low frequency">1 (ELF)</a></td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;;"> <a href="/wiki/Super_low_frequency" title="Super low frequency">2 (SLF)</a></td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;;"> <a href="/wiki/Ultra_low_frequency" title="Ultra low frequency">3 (ULF)</a></td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;;padding-right:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Very_low_frequency" title="Very low frequency">4 (VLF)</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="padding-right:1.0em;;"> <a href="/wiki/Low_frequency" title="Low frequency">5 (LF)</a></td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;;"> <a href="/wiki/Medium_frequency" title="Medium frequency">6 (MF)</a></td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;;"> <a href="/wiki/High_frequency" title="High frequency">7 (HF)</a></td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;;padding-right:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Very_high_frequency" title="Very high frequency">8 (VHF)</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="padding-right:1.0em;;"> <a href="/wiki/Ultra_high_frequency" title="Ultra high frequency">9 (UHF)</a></td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;;"> <a href="/wiki/Super_high_frequency" title="Super high frequency">10 (SHF)</a></td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">11 (EHF)</a></td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;;padding-right:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Terahertz_radiation" title="Terahertz radiation">12 (THF)</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> <a href="/wiki/NATO_radio_bands" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO radio bands">EU / NATO / US ECM </a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_band_(NATO)" title="A band (NATO)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B_band_(NATO)" title="B band (NATO)">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_band_(NATO)" title="C band (NATO)">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D_band_(NATO)" title="D band (NATO)">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E_band_(NATO)" title="E band (NATO)">E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F_band_(NATO)" title="F band (NATO)">F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G_band_(NATO)" title="G band (NATO)">G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H_band_(NATO)" title="H band (NATO)">H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_band_(NATO)" title="I band (NATO)">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J_band_(NATO)" title="J band (NATO)">J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K_band_(NATO)" title="K band (NATO)">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L_band_(NATO)" title="L band (NATO)">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M_band_(NATO)" title="M band (NATO)">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N_band_(NATO)" title="N band (NATO)">N</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> <a href="/wiki/Radio_spectrum#IEEE" title="Radio spectrum">IEEE </a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_frequency" title="High frequency">HF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Very_high_frequency" title="Very high frequency">VHF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_high_frequency" title="Ultra high frequency">UHF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L_band" title="L band">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S_band" title="S band">S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_band_(IEEE)" title="C band (IEEE)">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_band" title="X band">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku_band" title="Ku band">K<sub>u</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K_band_(IEEE)" title="K band (IEEE)">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka_band" title="Ka band">K<sub>a</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V_band" title="V band">V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_band" title="W band">W</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">mm</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> Other TV and radio</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Band_I" title="Band I">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Band_II" title="Band II">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Band_III" title="Band III">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Band_IV" title="Band IV">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Band_V" title="Band V">V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Band_VI" title="Band VI">VI</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Radio_bands_sidebar" title="Template:Radio bands sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Radio_bands_sidebar" title="Template talk:Radio bands sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Radio_bands_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Radio bands sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Extremely high frequency</b> is the <a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telecommunication Union</a> designation for the band of <a href="/wiki/Radio_frequency" title="Radio frequency">radio frequencies</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum" title="Electromagnetic spectrum">electromagnetic spectrum</a> from 30 to 300 <a href="/wiki/Gigahertz" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigahertz">gigahertz</a> (GHz). It lies between the <a href="/wiki/Super_high_frequency" title="Super high frequency">super high frequency</a> band and the <a href="/wiki/Far_infrared" title="Far infrared">far infrared</a> band, the lower part of which is the <a href="/wiki/Terahertz_band" class="mw-redirect" title="Terahertz band">terahertz band</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_wave" title="Radio wave">Radio waves</a> in this band have <a href="/wiki/Wavelength" title="Wavelength">wavelengths</a> from ten to one millimeter, so it is also called the <b>millimeter band</b> and radiation in this band is called <b>millimeter waves</b>, sometimes abbreviated <b>MMW</b> or <b>mmWave</b>. Millimeter-length electromagnetic waves were first investigated by <a href="/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose" title="Jagadish Chandra Bose">Jagadish Chandra Bose</a>, who generated waves of <a href="/wiki/Frequency" title="Frequency">frequency</a> up to 60<span class="nowrap"> </span>GHz during experiments in 1894–1896.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Compared to lower bands, radio waves in this band have high <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmospheric">atmospheric</a> <a href="/wiki/Attenuation" title="Attenuation">attenuation</a>: they are absorbed by the gases in the atmosphere. Absorption increases with frequency until at the top end of the band the waves are attenuated to zero within a few meters. Absorption by humidity in the atmosphere is significant except in desert environments, and attenuation by rain (<a href="/wiki/Rain_fade" title="Rain fade">rain fade</a>) is a serious problem even over short distances. However the short propagation range allows smaller <a href="/wiki/Frequency_reuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Frequency reuse">frequency reuse</a> distances than lower frequencies. The short wavelength allows modest size antennas to have a small <a href="/wiki/Beamwidth" class="mw-redirect" title="Beamwidth">beam width</a>, further increasing frequency reuse potential. Millimeter waves are used for military <a href="/wiki/Fire-control_radar" title="Fire-control radar">fire-control radar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Millimeter_wave_scanner" title="Millimeter wave scanner">airport security scanners</a>, short range <a href="/wiki/Wireless_network" title="Wireless network">wireless networks</a>, and scientific research. </p><p>In a major new application of millimeter waves, certain <a href="/wiki/5G_NR_frequency_bands#Frequency_Range_2" title="5G NR frequency bands">frequency ranges</a> near the bottom of the band are being used in the newest generation of <a href="/wiki/Cell_phone" class="mw-redirect" title="Cell phone">cell phone</a> networks, <a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a> networks.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The design of millimeter-wave circuit and subsystems (such as antennas, power amplifiers, mixers and oscillators) also presents severe challenges to engineers due to semiconductor and process limitations, model limitations and poor <a href="/wiki/Q_factor" title="Q factor"><i>Q</i> factors</a> of passive devices.<sup id="cite_ref-duPreez_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duPreez-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Propagation">Propagation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extremely_high_frequency&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Propagation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Micrwavattrp.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Micrwavattrp.png/370px-Micrwavattrp.png" decoding="async" width="370" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Micrwavattrp.png/555px-Micrwavattrp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Micrwavattrp.png 2x" data-file-width="695" data-file-height="446" /></a><figcaption>Atmospheric attenuation in dB/km as a function of frequency over the extremely high frequency band. Peaks in absorption at specific frequencies are a problem, due to atmosphere constituents such as <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> vapour (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1123817410">.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}</style><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O</span>) and molecular <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span>). The vertical scale is double logarithmic, as dB are themselves logarithmic.</figcaption></figure> <p>Millimeter waves propagate solely by <a href="/wiki/Line-of-sight_propagation" title="Line-of-sight propagation">line-of-sight</a> paths. They are not refracted by the <a href="/wiki/Ionosphere" title="Ionosphere">ionosphere</a> nor do they travel along the Earth as <a href="/wiki/Ground_wave" title="Ground wave">ground waves</a> as lower frequency radio waves do.<sup id="cite_ref-Huang_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huang-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At typical power densities they are blocked by building walls and suffer significant attenuation passing through foliage.<sup id="cite_ref-Huang_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huang-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FCCbulletin70_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCCbulletin70-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Preez_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preez-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Absorption by atmospheric gases is a significant factor throughout the band and increases with frequency. However, this absorption is maximum at a few specific <a href="/wiki/Spectral_line" title="Spectral line">absorption lines</a>, mainly those of <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> at 60 GHz and <a href="/wiki/Water_vapor" title="Water vapor">water vapor</a> at 24 GHz and 184 GHz.<sup id="cite_ref-FCCbulletin70_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCCbulletin70-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At frequencies in the "windows" between these absorption peaks, millimeter waves have much less atmospheric attenuation and greater range, so many applications use these frequencies. Millimeter wavelengths are the same order of size as <a href="/wiki/Raindrop" class="mw-redirect" title="Raindrop">raindrops</a>, so precipitation causes additional attenuation due to <a href="/wiki/Scattering_(optics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scattering (optics)">scattering</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rain_fade" title="Rain fade">rain fade</a>) as well as absorption.<sup id="cite_ref-FCCbulletin70_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCCbulletin70-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Preez_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preez-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The high <a href="/wiki/Free_space_loss" class="mw-redirect" title="Free space loss">free space loss</a> and atmospheric absorption limit useful propagation to a few kilometers.<sup id="cite_ref-Huang_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huang-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, they are useful for densely packed communications networks such as <a href="/wiki/Personal_area_network" title="Personal area network">personal area networks</a> that improve spectrum utilization through <a href="/wiki/Frequency_reuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Frequency reuse">frequency reuse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Huang_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huang-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Millimeter waves show "optical" propagation characteristics and can be reflected and focused by small metal surfaces and <a href="/wiki/Dielectric_lens" class="mw-redirect" title="Dielectric lens">dielectric lenses</a> around 5 to 30 cm (2 inches to 1 foot) diameter. Because their wavelengths are often much smaller than the equipment that manipulates them, the techniques of <a href="/wiki/Geometric_optics" class="mw-redirect" title="Geometric optics">geometric optics</a> can be used. <a href="/wiki/Diffraction" title="Diffraction">Diffraction</a> is less than at lower frequencies, although millimeter waves can be diffracted by building edges. At millimeter wavelengths, surfaces appear rougher so <a href="/wiki/Diffuse_reflection" title="Diffuse reflection">diffuse reflection</a> increases.<sup id="cite_ref-Huang_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huang-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Multipath_propagation" title="Multipath propagation">Multipath propagation</a>, particularly reflection from indoor walls and surfaces, causes serious fading.<sup id="cite_ref-Preez_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preez-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Seybold_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seybold-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Doppler_shift" class="mw-redirect" title="Doppler shift">Doppler shift</a> of frequency can be significant even at pedestrian speeds.<sup id="cite_ref-Huang_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huang-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In portable devices, <a href="/wiki/Fading" title="Fading">shadowing</a> due to the human body is a problem. Since the waves penetrate clothing and their small wavelength allows them to reflect from small metal objects they are used in <a href="/wiki/Millimeter_wave_scanner" title="Millimeter wave scanner">millimeter wave scanners</a> for airport security scanning. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extremely_high_frequency&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scientific_research">Scientific research</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extremely_high_frequency&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Scientific research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Atacama_Compact_Array.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/The_Atacama_Compact_Array.jpg/220px-The_Atacama_Compact_Array.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/The_Atacama_Compact_Array.jpg/330px-The_Atacama_Compact_Array.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/The_Atacama_Compact_Array.jpg/440px-The_Atacama_Compact_Array.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4353" data-file-height="1864" /></a><figcaption>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Atacama_Large_Millimeter_Array" title="Atacama Large Millimeter Array">Atacama Large Millimeter Array</a> (ALMA), <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/America" class="mw-redirect" title="America">America</a>, a millimeter wave <a href="/wiki/Radio_telescope" title="Radio telescope">radio telescope</a></figcaption></figure> <p>This <a href="/wiki/Band_(radio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Band (radio)">band</a> is commonly used in <a href="/wiki/Radio_astronomy" title="Radio astronomy">radio astronomy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Remote_sensing" title="Remote sensing">remote sensing</a>. Ground-based radio <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a> is limited to high altitude sites such as <a href="/wiki/Kitt_Peak" title="Kitt Peak">Kitt Peak</a> and Atacama Large Millimeter Array (<a href="/wiki/Atacama_Large_Millimeter_Array" title="Atacama Large Millimeter Array">ALMA</a>) due to atmospheric absorption issues. </p><p>Satellite-based <a href="/wiki/Remote_sensing" title="Remote sensing">remote sensing</a> near 60 GHz can determine temperature in the <a href="/wiki/Upper_atmosphere" title="Upper atmosphere">upper atmosphere</a> by measuring radiation emitted from oxygen molecules that is a function of temperature and pressure. The <a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telecommunication Union</a> non-exclusive passive frequency allocation at 57–59.3 GHz is used for atmospheric monitoring in meteorological and climate sensing applications and is important for these purposes due to the properties of oxygen absorption and emission in Earth's atmosphere. Currently operational U.S. satellite sensors such as the <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Microwave_Sounding_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit">Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit</a> (AMSU) on one NASA satellite (Aqua) and four NOAA (15–18) satellites and the <a href="/wiki/Special_sensor_microwave/imager" title="Special sensor microwave/imager">special sensor microwave/imager</a> (SSMI/S) on Department of Defense satellite F-16 make use of this frequency range.<sup id="cite_ref-Comments_of_IEEE_Geoscience_and_Remote_Sensing_Society,_FCC_RM-11104,_10/17/07_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Comments_of_IEEE_Geoscience_and_Remote_Sensing_Society,_FCC_RM-11104,_10/17/07-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Telecommunications">Telecommunications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extremely_high_frequency&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Telecommunications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United States, the band 36.0–40.0 GHz is used for licensed high-speed microwave data links, and the 60 GHz band can be used for unlicensed short range (1.7 km) data links with data throughputs up to 2.5 <a href="/wiki/Gigabit" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigabit">Gbit</a>/s. It is used commonly in flat terrain. </p><p>The 71–76, 81–86 and 92–95 GHz bands are also used for <a href="/wiki/Point-to-point_(telecommunications)" title="Point-to-point (telecommunications)">point-to-point</a> high-bandwidth communication links. These higher frequencies do not suffer from oxygen absorption, but require a transmitting license in the US from the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a> (FCC). There are plans for 10 Gbit/s links using these frequencies as well. In the case of the 92–95 GHz band, a small 100 MHz range has been reserved for space-borne radios, limiting this reserved range to a transmission rate of under a few gigabits per second.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CableFree_MMW_Link_installed_in_UAE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/CableFree_MMW_Link_installed_in_UAE.jpg/220px-CableFree_MMW_Link_installed_in_UAE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/CableFree_MMW_Link_installed_in_UAE.jpg/330px-CableFree_MMW_Link_installed_in_UAE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/CableFree_MMW_Link_installed_in_UAE.jpg/440px-CableFree_MMW_Link_installed_in_UAE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>A CableFree MMW link installed in the UAE installed for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Safe_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Safe City (page does not exist)">Safe City</a> applications, providing 1 Gbit/s capacity between sites. The links are fast to deploy and have a lower cost than fibre optics.</figcaption></figure> <p>The band is essentially undeveloped and available for use in a broad range of new products and services, including high-speed, point-to-point wireless local area networks and broadband <a href="/wiki/Internet_access" title="Internet access">Internet access</a>. <a href="/wiki/WirelessHD" title="WirelessHD">WirelessHD</a> is another recent technology that operates near the 60 GHz range. Highly directional, "pencil-beam" signal characteristics permit different systems to operate close to one another without causing interference. Potential applications include <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a> systems with very high resolution. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a> standards <a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11ad" title="IEEE 802.11ad">IEEE 802.11ad</a> and <a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11ay" title="IEEE 802.11ay">IEEE 802.11ay</a> operate in the 60 GHz (<a href="/wiki/V_band" title="V band">V band</a>) spectrum to achieve data transfer rates as high as 7 <a href="/wiki/Gigabit" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigabit">Gbit/s</a> and at least 20 <a href="/wiki/Gigabit" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigabit">Gbit/s</a>, respectively. </p><p>Uses of the millimeter wave bands include point-to-point communications, <a href="/wiki/Inter-satellite_service" title="Inter-satellite service">intersatellite links</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Point-to-multipoint_communication" title="Point-to-multipoint communication">point-to-multipoint communications</a>. In 2013 it was speculated that there were plans to use millimeter waves in future <a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a> mobile phones.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, use of millimeter wave bands for vehicular communication is also emerging as an attractive solution to support (semi-)autonomous vehicular communications.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shorter wavelengths in this band permit the use of smaller antennas to achieve the same high directivity and high gain as larger ones in lower bands. The immediate consequence of this high directivity, coupled with the high free space loss at these frequencies, is the possibility of a more efficient use of frequencies for point-to-multipoint applications. Since a greater number of highly directive antennas can be placed in a given area, the net result is greater <a href="/wiki/Frequency_reuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Frequency reuse">frequency reuse</a>, and higher density of users. The high usable <a href="/wiki/Channel_capacity" title="Channel capacity">channel capacity</a> in this band might allow it to serve some applications that would otherwise use <a href="/wiki/Fiber-optic_communication" title="Fiber-optic communication">fiber-optic communication</a> or very short links such as for the interconnect of circuit boards.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weapons_systems">Weapons systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extremely_high_frequency&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Weapons systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Minsk_port_bow_AK-630_CIWS_gun_fire_control_radar.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Minsk_port_bow_AK-630_CIWS_gun_fire_control_radar.JPG/220px-Minsk_port_bow_AK-630_CIWS_gun_fire_control_radar.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Minsk_port_bow_AK-630_CIWS_gun_fire_control_radar.JPG/330px-Minsk_port_bow_AK-630_CIWS_gun_fire_control_radar.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Minsk_port_bow_AK-630_CIWS_gun_fire_control_radar.JPG/440px-Minsk_port_bow_AK-630_CIWS_gun_fire_control_radar.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Millimeter wave fire control radar for CIWS gun on <a href="/wiki/Soviet_aircraft_carrier_Minsk" title="Soviet aircraft carrier Minsk">Soviet aircraft carrier <i>Minsk</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Millimeter wave <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a> is used in short-range <a href="/wiki/Fire-control_radar" title="Fire-control radar">fire-control radar</a> in tanks and aircraft, and automated guns (<a href="/wiki/Close-in_weapon_system" title="Close-in weapon system">CIWS</a>) on naval ships to shoot down incoming missiles. The small wavelength of millimeter waves allows them to track the stream of outgoing bullets as well as the target, allowing the computer fire control system to change the aim to bring them together. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>With <a href="/wiki/Raytheon_Technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Raytheon Technologies">Raytheon</a> the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a> has developed a nonlethal antipersonnel weapon system called <a href="/wiki/Active_Denial_System" title="Active Denial System">Active Denial System</a> (ADS) which emits a beam of millimeter radio waves with a wavelength of 3 mm (frequency of 95 GHz).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The weapon causes a person in the beam to feel an intense burning pain, as if their skin is going to catch fire. The military version had an output power of 100 <a href="/wiki/Watt#Kilowatt" title="Watt">kilowatts</a> (kW),<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a smaller law enforcement version, called <a href="/wiki/Active_Denial_System#Silent_Guardian" title="Active Denial System">Silent Guardian</a> that was developed by Raytheon later, had an output power of 30 kW.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Security_screening">Security screening</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extremely_high_frequency&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Security screening"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Millimeter_wave_scanner" title="Millimeter wave scanner">Millimeter wave scanner</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NRW-Verkehrsminister_Hendrik_W%C3%BCst_-_Vorstellung_Easy_Security-6274.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/NRW-Verkehrsminister_Hendrik_W%C3%BCst_-_Vorstellung_Easy_Security-6274.jpg/220px-NRW-Verkehrsminister_Hendrik_W%C3%BCst_-_Vorstellung_Easy_Security-6274.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/NRW-Verkehrsminister_Hendrik_W%C3%BCst_-_Vorstellung_Easy_Security-6274.jpg/330px-NRW-Verkehrsminister_Hendrik_W%C3%BCst_-_Vorstellung_Easy_Security-6274.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/NRW-Verkehrsminister_Hendrik_W%C3%BCst_-_Vorstellung_Easy_Security-6274.jpg/440px-NRW-Verkehrsminister_Hendrik_W%C3%BCst_-_Vorstellung_Easy_Security-6274.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6459" data-file-height="3633" /></a><figcaption>Millimeter wave security scanner at Bonn airport</figcaption></figure> <p>Clothing and other organic materials are transparent to millimeter waves of certain frequencies, so a recent application has been scanners to detect weapons and other dangerous objects carried under clothing, for applications such as airport security.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Privacy advocates are concerned about the use of this technology because, in some cases, it allows screeners to see airport passengers as if without clothing. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Transportation_Security_Administration" title="Transportation Security Administration">TSA</a> has deployed millimeter wave scanners to many major airports. </p><p>Prior to a software upgrade the technology did not mask any part of the bodies of the people who were being scanned. However, passengers' faces were deliberately masked by the system. The photos were screened by technicians in a closed room, then deleted immediately upon search completion. Privacy advocates are concerned. "We're getting closer and closer to a required strip-search to board an airplane," said Barry Steinhardt of the American Civil Liberties Union.<sup id="cite_ref-USAToday_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USAToday-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To address this issue, upgrades have eliminated the need for an officer in a separate viewing area. The new software generates a generic image of a human. There is no anatomical differentiation between male and female on the image, and if an object is detected, the software only presents a yellow box in the area. If the device does not detect anything of interest, no image is presented.<sup id="cite_ref-RobertKane_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RobertKane-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Passengers can decline scanning and be screened via a metal detector and patted down.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Farran Technologies, a manufacturer of one model of the millimeter wave scanner, the technology exists to extend the search area to as far as 50 meters beyond the scanning area which would allow security workers to scan a large number of people without their awareness that they are being scanned.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thickness_gauging">Thickness gauging</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extremely_high_frequency&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Thickness gauging"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Recent studies at the University of Leuven have proven that millimeter waves can also be used as a non-nuclear thickness gauge in various industries. Millimeter waves provide a clean and contact-free way of detecting variations in thickness. Practical applications for the technology focus on <a href="/wiki/Plastics_extrusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastics extrusion">plastics extrusion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paper_manufacturing" class="mw-redirect" title="Paper manufacturing">paper manufacturing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glass_production" title="Glass production">glass production</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mineral_wool" title="Mineral wool">mineral wool production</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicine">Medicine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extremely_high_frequency&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Medicine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b> with: mmWave measuring of blood pressure and blood glucose. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extremely_high_frequency&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Low <a href="/wiki/Intensity_(physics)" title="Intensity (physics)">intensity</a> (usually 10 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> or less) electromagnetic radiation of extremely high frequency may be used in human <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medicine</a> for the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Disease" title="Disease">diseases</a>. For example, "A brief, low-intensity MMW exposure can change <a href="/wiki/Cell_growth" title="Cell growth">cell growth</a> and proliferation rates, activity of <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzymes</a>, state of cell genetic apparatus, function of excitable membranes and peripheral receptors."<sup id="cite_ref-pakhomov_murphy_IEEE_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pakhomov_murphy_IEEE-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This treatment is particularly associated with the range of 40–70 <a href="/wiki/GHz" class="mw-redirect" title="GHz">GHz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This type of treatment may be called <i>millimeter wave therapy</i> or <i>extremely high frequency therapy</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This treatment is associated with <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">eastern European</a> nations (e.g., former <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">USSR</a> nations).<sup id="cite_ref-pakhomov_murphy_IEEE_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pakhomov_murphy_IEEE-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Russian Journal <i>Millimeter waves in biology and medicine</i> studies the scientific basis and clinical applications of millimeter wave therapy.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Police_speed_radar">Police speed radar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extremely_high_frequency&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Police speed radar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traffic police use speed-detecting <a href="/wiki/Radar_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Radar gun">radar guns</a> in the Ka-band (33.4–36.0 GHz).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extremely_high_frequency&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_shielding" title="Electromagnetic shielding">Electromagnetic shielding</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Infrared,_Millimeter,_and_Terahertz_Waves" title="Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves">Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knife-edge_effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Knife-edge effect">Knife-edge effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microwave" title="Microwave">Microwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terahertz_radiation" title="Terahertz radiation">Terahertz radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microwave_analog_signal_processing" title="Microwave analog signal processing">Microwave Analog Signal Processing</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extremely_high_frequency&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ethw.org/Milestones:First_Millimeter-wave_Communication_Experiments_by_J.C._Bose,_1894-96">"Milestones: First Millimeter-wave Communication Experiments by J.C. Bose, 1894-96"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_IEEE_milestones" class="mw-redirect" title="List of IEEE milestones">List of IEEE milestones</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers" title="Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers">Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</a>. 14 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=List+of+IEEE+milestones&rft.atitle=Milestones%3A+First+Millimeter-wave+Communication+Experiments+by+J.C.+Bose%2C+1894-96&rft.date=2022-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fethw.org%2FMilestones%3AFirst_Millimeter-wave_Communication_Experiments_by_J.C._Bose%2C_1894-96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtremely+high+frequency" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation techreport cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/138100_138199/13810103/15.02.00_60/ts_13810103v150200p.pdf"><i>User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception; Part 3: Range 1 and Range 2 Interworking operation with other radios</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Technical Specification). 3GPP TS 38.101-3 version 15.2.0 Release 15. 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Ziskin (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fqjmed%2F91.1.57">"Medical application of millimetre waves"</a>. <i>QJM: An International Journal of Medicine</i>. <b>91</b> (1): 57–66. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fqjmed%2F91.1.57">10.1093/qjmed/91.1.57</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9519213">9519213</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=QJM%3A+An+International+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Medical+application+of+millimetre+waves&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=57-66&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fqjmed%2F91.1.57&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9519213&rft.au=M.+Rojavin&rft.au=M.+Ziskin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fqjmed%252F91.1.57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtremely+high+frequency" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.benran.ru/Magazin/El/13/N71320.HTM">Benran.ru</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718035939/http://www.benran.ru/Magazin/El/13/N71320.HTM">Archived</a> 2011-07-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://copradar.com/chapts/chapt7/ch7d1.html">"Radio and Radar Frequency Bands"</a>. <i>copradar.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=copradar.com&rft.atitle=Radio+and+Radar+Frequency+Bands&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcopradar.com%2Fchapts%2Fchapt7%2Fch7d1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtremely+high+frequency" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extremely_high_frequency&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fcc.gov/Bureaus/Engineering_Technology/Documents/bulletins/oet70/oet70a.pdf">FCC bulletin on MMW propagation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wireless.fcc.gov/services/millimeterwave">FCC 70/80/90 GHz overview.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051219070746/http://wireless.fcc.gov/services/millimeterwave">Archived</a> 2005-12-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/cfr_2007/octqtr/47cfr15.255.htm">FCC 57–64 GHz rules.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vlf.it/frequency/bands.html">Definition of frequency bands (VLF, ELF... etc.)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110612202601/http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/7220488/description.html">US Patent 7220488 – Deflecting magnetic field shield</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Radio_spectrum_(ITU)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Radio_spectrum" title="Template:Radio spectrum"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Radio_spectrum" title="Template talk:Radio spectrum"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Radio_spectrum" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Radio spectrum"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Radio_spectrum_(ITU)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Radio_spectrum" title="Radio spectrum">Radio spectrum</a> (ITU)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Extremely_low_frequency" title="Extremely low frequency">ELF</a></b> <br /> 3 Hz/100 Mm <br /> 30 Hz/10 Mm </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Super_low_frequency" title="Super low frequency">SLF</a></b> <br /> 30 Hz/10 Mm <br /> 300 Hz/1 Mm </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Ultra_low_frequency" title="Ultra low frequency">ULF</a></b> <br /> 300 Hz/1 Mm <br /> 3 kHz/100 km </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Very_low_frequency" title="Very low frequency">VLF</a></b> <br /> 3 kHz/100 km <br /> 30 kHz/10 km </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Low_frequency" title="Low frequency">LF</a></b> <br /> 30 kHz/10 km <br /> 300 kHz/1 km </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Medium_frequency" title="Medium frequency">MF</a></b> <br /> 300 kHz/1 km <br /> 3 MHz/100 m </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/High_frequency" title="High frequency">HF</a></b> <br /> 3 MHz/100 m <br /> 30 MHz/10 m </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Very_high_frequency" title="Very high frequency">VHF</a></b> <br /> 30 MHz/10 m <br /> 300 MHz/1 m </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Ultra_high_frequency" title="Ultra high frequency">UHF</a></b> <br /> 300 MHz/1 m <br /> 3 GHz/100 mm </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Super_high_frequency" title="Super high frequency">SHF</a></b> <br /> 3 GHz/100 mm <br /> 30 GHz/10 mm </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <p><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">EHF</a></b> <br /> 30 GHz/10 mm <br /> 300 GHz/1 mm </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Tremendously_high_frequency" class="mw-redirect" title="Tremendously high frequency">THF</a></b> <br /> 300 GHz/1 mm <br /> 3 THz/0.1 mm </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Radio_icon.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="22" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Radio" title="Portal:Radio">Radio portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Electromagnetic_spectrum" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Electromagnetic_spectrum" title="Template:Electromagnetic spectrum"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Electromagnetic_spectrum" title="Template talk:Electromagnetic spectrum"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Electromagnetic_spectrum" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Electromagnetic spectrum"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Electromagnetic_spectrum" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum" title="Electromagnetic spectrum">Electromagnetic spectrum</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:0.3em 0.5em 0.4em;line-height:1.25em;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_ray" title="Gamma ray">Gamma rays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-ray" title="X-ray">X-rays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">Ultraviolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible_spectrum" title="Visible spectrum">Visible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared" title="Infrared">Infrared</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microwave" title="Microwave">Microwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_wave" title="Radio wave">Radio</a><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frequency_vs._wave_length.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Frequency_vs._wave_length.svg/500px-Frequency_vs._wave_length.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Frequency_vs._wave_length.svg/750px-Frequency_vs._wave_length.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Frequency_vs._wave_length.svg/1000px-Frequency_vs._wave_length.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="104" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div><span class="nobold"><i><span style="font-size:120%">←</span> higher <a href="/wiki/Frequency" title="Frequency">frequencies</a><span class="nowrap">       </span>longer <a href="/wiki/Wavelength" title="Wavelength">wavelengths</a> <span style="font-size:120%">→</span></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;"><a href="/wiki/Gamma_ray" title="Gamma ray">Gamma rays</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Very-high-energy_gamma_ray" title="Very-high-energy gamma ray">Very-high-energy gamma ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-energy_gamma_ray" title="Ultra-high-energy gamma ray">Ultra-high-energy gamma ray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;"><a href="/wiki/X-ray" title="X-ray">X-rays</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soft_X-ray" class="mw-redirect" title="Soft X-ray">Soft X-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_X-ray" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard X-ray">Hard X-ray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;"><a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">Ultraviolet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_ultraviolet" title="Extreme ultraviolet">Extreme ultraviolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_ultraviolet" class="mw-redirect" title="Vacuum ultraviolet">Vacuum ultraviolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman-alpha" title="Lyman-alpha">Lyman-alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_ultraviolet" class="mw-redirect" title="Far ultraviolet">FUV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_ultraviolet" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle ultraviolet">MUV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_ultraviolet" class="mw-redirect" title="Near ultraviolet">NUV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_C" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultraviolet C">UVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultraviolet B">UVB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultraviolet A">UVA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;"><a href="/wiki/Visible_spectrum" title="Visible spectrum">Visible (optical)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violet_(color)" title="Violet (color)">Violet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue" title="Blue">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyan" title="Cyan">Cyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green" title="Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow" title="Yellow">Yellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_(colour)" title="Orange (colour)">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red" title="Red">Red</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;"><a href="/wiki/Infrared" title="Infrared">Infrared</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near-infrared" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-infrared">NIR</a> (<a href="/wiki/Photometric_system" title="Photometric system">Bands</a>: <a href="/wiki/J_band_(infrared)" title="J band (infrared)">J</a>, <a href="/wiki/K_band_(infrared)" title="K band (infrared)">K</a>, <a href="/wiki/H_band_(infrared)" title="H band (infrared)">H</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared#Regions" title="Infrared">SWIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared#Regions" title="Infrared">MWIR</a> (<a href="/wiki/Photometric_system" title="Photometric system">Bands</a>: <a href="/wiki/L_band_(infrared)" title="L band (infrared)">L</a>, <a href="/wiki/M_band_(infrared)" title="M band (infrared)">M</a>, <a href="/wiki/N_band" title="N band">N</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared#Regions" title="Infrared">LWIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_infrared" title="Far infrared">FIR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;"><a href="/wiki/Microwave" title="Microwave">Microwaves</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W_band" title="W band">W band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V_band" title="V band">V band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q_band" title="Q band">Q band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka_band" title="Ka band">K<sub>a</sub> band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K_band_(IEEE)" title="K band (IEEE)">K band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku_band" title="Ku band">K<sub>u</sub> band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_band" title="X band">X band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_band_(IEEE)" title="C band (IEEE)">C band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S_band" title="S band">S band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L_band" title="L band">L band</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;"><a href="/wiki/Radio_frequency" title="Radio frequency">Radio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terahertz_radiation" title="Terahertz radiation">THF</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">EHF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_high_frequency" title="Super high frequency">SHF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_high_frequency" title="Ultra high frequency">UHF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Very_high_frequency" title="Very high frequency">VHF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_frequency" title="High frequency">HF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_frequency" title="Medium frequency">MF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_frequency" title="Low frequency">LF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Very_low_frequency" title="Very low frequency">VLF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_low_frequency" title="Ultra low frequency">ULF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_low_frequency" title="Super low frequency">SLF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremely_low_frequency" title="Extremely low frequency">ELF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;"><a href="/wiki/Wavelength" title="Wavelength">Wavelength</a> types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microwave" title="Microwave">Microwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortwave_radio" title="Shortwave radio">Shortwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_wave" title="Medium wave">Medium 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