Frequency bands

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"> <html> <head> <title>Frequency bands</title> <meta name="generator" content="Notepad"> </head> <body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="blue" vlink="purple" alink="red" style="font-family:Tahoma; font-size:10pt;"> Definition of frequency bands (VLF, ELF... etc.) text by: Tomislav Stimac (<a href="http://www.inet.hr/~tstimac/contacts.htm">http://www.inet.hr/~tstimac/contacts.htm</a>)  <hr>   <div align="center"><table border="0" width="680"> <tr> <td width="964">For too many times I've seen wrong usage of terms like VLF, ELF and similar. As a matter of fact if you go and look over the web in articles connected with VLF, you'll see that almost everyone uses different term for something that is ELF, or SLF or vice versa. In some article you will read that 4kHz is ELF, while the other article you'll read that 4kHz it is VLF. So where is this 4kHz anyway? And what is difference between ELF, ULF and VLF? Each frequency range has a band designator and each range of frequencies behaves differently and performs different functions. The frequency spectrum is shared by civil, government, and military users of all nations according to International Telecommunications Union (ITU) radio regulations. For communications purposes, the usable frequency spectrum now extends from about 3Hz to about 300GHz. There are also some experiments at about 100THz where research on laser communications is taking place but we won't discuss this now. This range from 3Hz to 300GHz has been split into regions. The good thing is that once this range has been split it remained that way and became standard. And it is up to you if you want to accept this standard or not. Frequency band standard is described in International Telecommunications Union radio regulations. And it looks as follows.   <div align="center"><table border="0"> <tr> <td width="181" colspan="2">Designation</td> <td width="147">Frequency</td> <td width="152">Wavelength</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="21" bgcolor="#E6E6E6">ELF</td> <td width="156" bgcolor="#E6E6E6">extremely low frequency</td> <td width="147" bgcolor="#E6E6E6">3Hz to 30Hz</td> <td width="152" bgcolor="#E6E6E6">100'000km to 10'000 km</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="21">SLF</td> <td width="156">superlow frequency</td> <td width="147">30Hz to 300Hz</td> <td width="152">10'000km to 1'000km</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="21" bgcolor="#E6E6E6">ULF</td> <td width="156" bgcolor="#E6E6E6">ultralow frequency</td> <td width="147" bgcolor="#E6E6E6">300Hz to 3000Hz</td> <td width="152" bgcolor="#E6E6E6">1'000km to 100km</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="21">VLF</td> <td width="156">very low frequency</td> <td width="147">3kHz to 30kHz</td> <td width="152">100km to 10km</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="21" bgcolor="#E6E6E6">LF</td> <td width="156" bgcolor="#E6E6E6">low frequency</td> <td width="147" bgcolor="#E6E6E6">30kHz to 300kHz</td> <td width="152" bgcolor="#E6E6E6">10km to 1km</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="21">MF</td> <td width="156">medium frequency</td> <td width="147">300kHz to 3000kHz</td> <td width="152">1km to 100m</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="21" bgcolor="#E6E6E6">HF</td> <td width="156" bgcolor="#E6E6E6">high frequency</td> <td width="147" bgcolor="#E6E6E6">3MHz to 30MHz</td> <td width="152" bgcolor="#E6E6E6">100m to 10m</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="21">VHF</td> <td width="156">very high frequency</td> <td width="147">30MHz to 300MHz</td> <td width="152">10m to 1m</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="21" bgcolor="#E6E6E6">UHF</td> <td width="156" bgcolor="#E6E6E6">ultrahigh frequency</td> <td width="147" bgcolor="#E6E6E6">300MHz to 3000MHz</td> <td width="152" bgcolor="#E6E6E6">1m to 10cm</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="21">SHF</td> <td width="156">superhigh frequency</td> <td width="147">3GHz to 30GHz</td> <td width="152">10cm to 1cm</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="21" bgcolor="#E6E6E6">EHF</td> <td width="156" bgcolor="#E6E6E6">extremely high frequency</td> <td width="147" bgcolor="#E6E6E6">30GHz to 300GHz</td> <td width="152" bgcolor="#E6E6E6">1cm to 1mm</td> </tr> </table></div>   However, to simplify things about VLF a good idea would be to use term audio frequency range. Imagine doing a project covering 20 Hz to 20 kHz, it would be annoying to write ELF/SLF/ULF/VLF all the time. But again it would not be correct if you just write VLF because there is much more in that range. Right? Instead, simply use term 'audio frequency range'. As I said in the beginning there are already dozens of articles with wrong frequency designations and a good thing would be to correct and minimize mistakes. On some documents that describe electromagnetic spectrum you might see terms like LW, MW and SW. In a lot of occasions you might see them mixed in the same context as frequency range we mentioned above. For example here is a quote from one webpage: ''...extends thru LW, MW, HF and VHF.'' This is wrong! We talk apples and oranges here. LW is not LF, and MW is not MF, therefore you can't put them together in same context with HF and VHF. LW, MW and SW are frequency designations of AM broadcast radio stations, and thats about it. They have nothing to do with ITU's band designations we mentioned in the table above. Some countries don't even have LW, so you should not mix LW, MW or SW with HF, VHF etc. unless you are talking about AM broadcast stations. To be exact MW and HF should never be mixed together in the the same context. Here is the frequency table for AM broadcast bands:   <div align="center"><table border="0"> <tr> <td width="81">Designation</td> <td width="148">Name</td> <td width="106">Frequency</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="81" bgcolor="#E6E6E6">LW</td> <td width="148" bgcolor="#E6E6E6">long wave</td> <td width="106" bgcolor="#E6E6E6">153 - 279 kHz</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="81">MW</td> <td width="148">medium wave</td> <td width="106">531 - 1620 kHz</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="81" bgcolor="#E6E6E6">SW</td> <td width="148" bgcolor="#E6E6E6">short wave</td> <td width="106" bgcolor="#E6E6E6">2310 - 25820 kHz</td> </tr> </table></div>  </td> </tr> </table></div> <hr>  <a href="http://www.vlf.it">Return to the index</a> </body> </html>

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Frequency bands