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<li id="toc-Electronic_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electronic_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Electronic games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electronic_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arcade_sticks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arcade_sticks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Arcade sticks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arcade_sticks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hat_switch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hat_switch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Hat switch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hat_switch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cameras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cameras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Cameras</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cameras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrial_applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Industrial applications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assistive_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assistive_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Assistive technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assistive_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-human_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-human_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Non-human use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-human_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Joystick</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 59 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="عصا القيادة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عصا القيادة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palanca_de_mandu" title="Palanca de mandu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Palanca de mandu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coystik" title="Coystik – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Coystik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95" title="জয়স্টিক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জয়স্টিক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Джойстик – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джойстик" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEojstik" title="Džojstik – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Džojstik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palanca_de_control" title="Palanca de control – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Palanca de control" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joystick" title="Joystick – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Joystick" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joystick" title="Joystick – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Joystick" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joystick" title="Joystick – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Joystick" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juhtkang" title="Juhtkang – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Juhtkang" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Χειριστήριο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χειριστήριο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palanca_de_mando" title="Palanca de mando – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Palanca de mando" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirstango" title="Stirstango – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Stirstango" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joystick" title="Joystick – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Joystick" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%85%DA%A9" title="اهرمک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اهرمک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joystick" title="Joystick – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Joystick" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luamh%C3%A1n_sti%C3%BArtha" title="Luamhán stiúrtha – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Luamhán stiúrtha" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8B%B1" title="조이스틱 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조이스틱" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="जॉयस्टिक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जॉयस्टिक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igra%C4%87a_palica" title="Igraća palica – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Igraća palica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuas_kendali" title="Tuas kendali – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tuas kendali" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joystick" title="Joystick – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Joystick" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7" title="ג'ויסטיק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ויסטיק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C" title="ಜಾಯ್‌ಸ್ಟಿಕ್‌ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜಾಯ್‌ಸ್ಟಿಕ್‌" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Терте – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Терте" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kifimbocheza" title="Kifimbocheza – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kifimbocheza" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Жойстик – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жойстик" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capulus_lusorius" title="Capulus lusorius – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Capulus lusorius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kursorsvira" title="Kursorsvira – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kursorsvira" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botkorm%C3%A1ny" title="Botkormány – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Botkormány" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Џоистик – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Џоистик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88%D9%89_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%83" title="چوى استيك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="چوى استيك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayu_ria" title="Kayu ria – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kayu ria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3ng-ci%C3%A9-g%C4%81ng" title="Kóng-cié-gāng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Kóng-cié-gāng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joystick" title="Joystick – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Joystick" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="ジョイスティック – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョイスティック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styrespak" title="Styrespak – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Styrespak" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BCojstik" title="Dżojstik – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dżojstik" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joystick" title="Joystick – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Joystick" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joystick" title="Joystick – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Joystick" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Джойстик – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джойстик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joystick" title="Joystick – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Joystick" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joystick" title="Joystick – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Joystick" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igralna_palica" title="Igralna palica – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Igralna palica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D1%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Џојстик – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џојстик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEojstik" title="Džojstik – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Džojstik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joystick" title="Joystick – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Joystick" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styrspak" title="Styrspak – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Styrspak" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="இயக்குபிடி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இயக்குபிடி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1" title="ก้านควบคุม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ก้านควบคุม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oyun_%C3%A7ubu%C4%9Fu" title="Oyun çubuğu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Oyun çubuğu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Джойстик – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джойстик" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joystick" title="Joystick – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Joystick" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%A7n_%C4%91i%E1%BB%81u_khi%E1%BB%83n" title="Cần điều khiển – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cần điều khiển" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wunu%27usha%27itia" title="Wunu'usha'itia – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Wunu'usha'itia" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E6%9D%86" title="控制杆 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="控制杆" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Control lever used in aircraft and video games</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Control stick" redirects here. For the joystick often called a control stick in many controllers, see <a href="/wiki/Analog_stick" title="Analog stick">Analog stick</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Joystick_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Joystick (disambiguation)">Joystick (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joyopis.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Joyopis.svg/220px-Joyopis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Joyopis.svg/330px-Joyopis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Joyopis.svg/440px-Joyopis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="820" /></a><figcaption>Possible elements of a video game joystick: 1. stick, 2. base, 3. trigger, 4. extra buttons, 5. autofire switch, 6. throttle, 7. <a href="#Hat_switch">hat switch (POV hat)</a>, 8. suction cups.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>joystick</b>, sometimes called a <b>flight stick</b>, is an <a href="/wiki/Input_device" title="Input device">input device</a> consisting of a stick that pivots on a base and reports its angle or direction to the device it is controlling. Also known as the <b>control column</b>, it is the principal control device in the <a href="/wiki/Cockpit" title="Cockpit">cockpit</a> of many civilian and military aircraft, either as a <a href="/wiki/Centre_stick" title="Centre stick">centre stick</a> or <a href="/wiki/Side-stick" title="Side-stick">side-stick</a>. It has various switches to control functions of the aircraft controlled by the Pilot and First Officer of the flight. </p><p>Joysticks are often used to control video games, and usually have push-buttons whose state can be read by the computer. A popular variation of the joystick used on modern <a href="/wiki/Video_game_console" title="Video game console">video game consoles</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Analog_stick" title="Analog stick">analog stick</a>. Joysticks are also used for controlling machines such as cranes, trucks, underwater unmanned vehicles, wheelchairs, surveillance cameras, and <a href="/wiki/Zero-turn_mower" title="Zero-turn mower">zero turning radius lawn mowers</a>. Miniature finger-operated joysticks have been adopted as input devices for smaller electronic equipment such as <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">mobile phones</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aviation">Aviation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joystick&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Aviation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glidercockpit.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Glidercockpit.JPG/220px-Glidercockpit.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Glidercockpit.JPG/330px-Glidercockpit.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Glidercockpit.JPG/440px-Glidercockpit.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1188" data-file-height="1244" /></a><figcaption>Cockpit of a glider with its joystick visible</figcaption></figure> <p>Joysticks originated as controls for aircraft <a href="/wiki/Aileron" title="Aileron">ailerons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elevator_(aeronautics)" title="Elevator (aeronautics)">elevators</a>, and are first known to have been used as such on <a href="/wiki/Louis_Bleriot" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Bleriot">Louis Bleriot</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Bleriot_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Bleriot VIII">Bleriot VIII</a> aircraft of 1908, in combination with a foot-operated rudder bar for the yaw control surface on the tail.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joystick&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <i>joystick</i> is thought to originate with early 20th century French pilot <a href="/wiki/Robert_Esnault-Pelterie" title="Robert Esnault-Pelterie">Robert Esnault-Pelterie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also competing claims on behalf of fellow pilots <a href="/wiki/Robert_Loraine" title="Robert Loraine">Robert Loraine</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Henry_Joyce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Henry Joyce (page does not exist)">James Henry Joyce</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Edward_George" title="Arthur Edward George">A. E. George</a>. Loraine is cited by the <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i> for using the term "joystick" in his diary in 1909 when he went to <a href="/wiki/Pau,_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pau</a> to learn to fly at <a href="/wiki/Louis_Bl%C3%A9riot" title="Louis Blériot">Blériot's</a> school. George was a pioneer aviator who with his colleague Jobling built and flew a biplane at Newcastle in England in 1910. The George and Jobling aircraft control column is in the collection of the Discovery Museum in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. Joysticks were present in early planes, though their mechanical origins are uncertain.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coining of the term "joystick" may actually be credited to Loraine, as his is the earliest known usage of the term, although he most certainly did not invent the device. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electronic_joysticks">Electronic joysticks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joystick&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Electronic joysticks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joystick&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The electrical two-axis joystick was invented by C. B. Mirick at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Research_Laboratory" title="United States Naval Research Laboratory">United States Naval Research Laboratory</a> (NRL) and patented in 1926 (U.S. Patent no. 1,597,416)".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NRL was actively developing remote controlled aircraft at the time and the joystick was possibly used to support this effort. In the awarded patent, Mirick writes: "My control system is particularly applicable in maneuvering aircraft without a pilot."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Germans developed an electrical two-axis joystick around 1944. The device was used as part of the Germans' <i>Funkgerät</i> FuG 203 <i>Kehl</i> radio control transmitter system used in certain German bomber aircraft, used to guide both the rocket-boosted anti-ship missile <i><a href="/wiki/Henschel_Hs_293" title="Henschel Hs 293">Henschel Hs 293</a></i>, and the unpowered pioneering precision-guided munition <i><a href="/wiki/Fritz-X" class="mw-redirect" title="Fritz-X">Fritz-X</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> against maritime and other targets. Here, the joystick of the <i>Kehl</i> transmitter was used by an operator to steer the missile towards its target. This joystick had on-off switches rather than analogue sensors. Both the Hs 293 and Fritz-X used FuG 230 <i>Straßburg</i> radio receivers in them to send the <i>Kehl's</i> control signals to the ordnance's control surfaces. A comparable joystick unit was used for the contemporary American <a href="/wiki/Azon" title="Azon">Azon</a> steerable munition, strictly to laterally steer the munition in the yaw axis only.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This German invention was picked up by someone in the team of scientists assembled at the <i>Heeresversuchsanstalt</i> in <a href="/wiki/Peenemuende" class="mw-redirect" title="Peenemuende">Peenemünde</a>. Here a part of the team on the German <a href="/wiki/Rocket" title="Rocket">rocket</a> program was developing the <a href="/wiki/Wasserfall_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Wasserfall missile">Wasserfall missile</a>, a variant of the <a href="/wiki/V-2_rocket" title="V-2 rocket">V-2 rocket</a>, the first ground-to-air <a href="/wiki/Missile" title="Missile">missile</a>. The Wasserfall steering equipment converted the electrical signal to radio signals and transmitted these to the missile. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prototype_Gemini_Hand_Controller.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Prototype_Gemini_Hand_Controller.jpg/170px-Prototype_Gemini_Hand_Controller.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Prototype_Gemini_Hand_Controller.jpg/255px-Prototype_Gemini_Hand_Controller.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Prototype_Gemini_Hand_Controller.jpg/340px-Prototype_Gemini_Hand_Controller.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2025" data-file-height="2485" /></a><figcaption>A prototype <a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Project Gemini</a> joystick-type hand controller, 1962</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1960s the use of joysticks became widespread in radio-controlled model aircraft systems such as the Kwik Fly produced by Phill Kraft (1964). The now-defunct <a href="/wiki/Kraft_Systems" title="Kraft Systems">Kraft Systems</a> firm eventually became an important OEM supplier of joysticks to the computer industry and other users. The first use of joysticks outside the radio-controlled aircraft industry may have been in the control of powered wheelchairs, such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Permobil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Permobil (page does not exist)">Permobil</a> (1963). During this time period NASA used joysticks as control devices as part of the Apollo missions. For example, the lunar lander test models were controlled with a joystick. </p><p>In many modern <a href="/wiki/Airliner" title="Airliner">airliners</a>, for example all Airbus aircraft developed from the 1980s, the joystick has received a new lease on life for flight control in the form of the "<a href="/wiki/Side-stick" title="Side-stick">side-stick</a>", a controller similar to a gaming joystick but which is used to control flight, replacing the traditional <a href="/wiki/Yoke_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoke (aircraft)">yoke</a>. The sidestick saves weight, improves movement and visibility in the cockpit, and may be safer in an accident than the yoke. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electronic_games">Electronic games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joystick&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Electronic games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ch_products_mach_2_joystick.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Ch_products_mach_2_joystick.jpg/220px-Ch_products_mach_2_joystick.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Ch_products_mach_2_joystick.jpg/330px-Ch_products_mach_2_joystick.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Ch_products_mach_2_joystick.jpg/440px-Ch_products_mach_2_joystick.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1216" data-file-height="1216" /></a><figcaption>CH Products Mach II analog joystick for Apple II computers. The small knobs are for (mechanical) calibration, and the sliders engage the self-centering springs.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Ralph_H._Baer" title="Ralph H. Baer">Ralph H. Baer</a>, inventor of the <a href="/wiki/Magnavox_Odyssey" title="Magnavox Odyssey">Magnavox Odyssey</a> console, released in 1972, created the first video game joysticks in 1967. They were able to control the horizontal and vertical position of a spot displayed on a screen.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest known <a href="/wiki/Electronic_game" title="Electronic game">electronic game</a> joystick with a fire <a href="/wiki/Push-button" title="Push-button">button</a> was released by <a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a> as part of their 1969 <a href="/wiki/Arcade_game" title="Arcade game">arcade game</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Arcade_game#Electro-mechanical_games" title="Arcade game">Missile</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Shooter_game" title="Shooter game">shooter</a> <a href="/wiki/Simulation_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Simulation game">simulation game</a> that used it as part of an early <a href="/wiki/Dual_analog_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual analog control">dual-control</a> scheme, where two <a href="/wiki/D-pad" title="D-pad">directional buttons</a> are used to move a motorized tank and a two-way joystick is used to shoot and steer the missile onto oncoming planes displayed on the screen; when a plane is hit, an explosion is animated on screen along with an explosion sound.<sup id="cite_ref-Missile_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Missile-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1970,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the game was released in North America as <i>S.A.M.I.</i> by <a href="/wiki/Midway_Games" title="Midway Games">Midway Games</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Missile_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Missile-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Taito" title="Taito">Taito</a> released a four-way joystick as part of their arcade <a href="/wiki/Racing_video_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Racing video game">racing video game</a> <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Taito_games" title="List of Taito games">Astro Race</a></i> in 1973,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while their 1975 <a href="/wiki/Multidirectional_shooter" class="mw-redirect" title="Multidirectional shooter">multidirectional shooter</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Gun_Fight" title="Gun Fight">Western Gun</a></i> introduced <a href="/wiki/Dual_analog_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual analog control">dual-stick</a> controls with one eight-way joystick for movement and the other for changing the shooting direction. In North America, it was released by Midway under the title <i><a href="/wiki/Gun_Fight" title="Gun Fight">Gun Fight</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kotaku_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kotaku-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1976, Taito released <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Taito_games" title="List of Taito games">Interceptor</a></i>, an early <a href="/wiki/First-person_shooter" title="First-person shooter">first-person</a> <a href="/wiki/Combat_flight_simulation_game" title="Combat flight simulation game">combat flight simulator</a> that involved piloting a <a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">jet fighter</a>, using an eight-way joystick to aim with a crosshair and shoot at enemy aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Numbered_DE9_Diagram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Numbered_DE9_Diagram.svg/220px-Numbered_DE9_Diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Numbered_DE9_Diagram.svg/330px-Numbered_DE9_Diagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Numbered_DE9_Diagram.svg/440px-Numbered_DE9_Diagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="177" data-file-height="89" /></a><figcaption>Computer port view of the Atari standard connector: <b>1.</b> up, <b>2.</b> down, <b>3.</b> left, <b>4.</b> right, <b>5.</b> (<a href="/wiki/Potentiometer" title="Potentiometer">pot</a> y),<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <b>6.</b> fire button, <b>7.</b> +5 V DC,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <b>8.</b> <a href="/wiki/Ground_(electricity)" title="Ground (electricity)">ground</a>, <b>9.</b> (pot x).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Atari_CX40_joystick" title="Atari CX40 joystick">Atari CX40 joystick</a>, developed for the 1977 <a href="/wiki/Atari_2600" title="Atari 2600">Atari Video Computer System</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a digital controller with a single fire button. The <a href="/wiki/Atari_joystick_port" title="Atari joystick port">Atari joystick port</a> was for many years the <i>de facto</i> standard digital joystick specification. Joysticks were commonly used as controllers in <a href="/wiki/First_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="First generation of video game consoles">first</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Second generation of video game consoles">second generation</a> <a href="/wiki/Video_game_console" title="Video game console">game consoles</a>, but they gave way to the familiar <a href="/wiki/Game_pad" class="mw-redirect" title="Game pad">game pad</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System">Nintendo Entertainment System</a> and <a href="/wiki/Master_System" title="Master System">Master System</a> during the mid-1980s, though joysticks—especially arcade-style ones—were and are popular after-market add-ons for any console.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1985, Sega's <a href="/wiki/Third-person_shooter" title="Third-person shooter">third-person</a> arcade <a href="/wiki/Rail_shooter" title="Rail shooter">rail shooter</a> game <i><a href="/wiki/Space_Harrier" title="Space Harrier">Space Harrier</a></i> featured a true analog flight stick, used for movement. The joystick could register movement in any direction as well as measure the degree of push, which could move the <a href="/wiki/Player_character" title="Player character">player character</a> at different speeds depending on how far the joystick was pushed in a certain direction.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A variation of the joystick is the rotary joystick. It is a type of joystick-knob hybrid, where the joystick can be moved in various direction while at the same time being able to rotate the joystick. It is mainly used in arcade <a href="/wiki/Shoot_%27em_up" title="Shoot 'em up">shoot 'em up</a> games, to control both the player's eight-directional movement and the gun's 360-degree direction.<sup id="cite_ref-Continue_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Continue-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CVG_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CVG-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was introduced by <a href="/wiki/SNK" title="SNK">SNK</a>, initially with the tank shooter <i><a href="/wiki/TNK_III" title="TNK III">TNK III</a></i> (1985) before it was popularized by the <a href="/wiki/Run_and_gun_video_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Run and gun video game">run and gun video game</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Ikari_Warriors" title="Ikari Warriors">Ikari Warriors</a></i> (1986).<sup id="cite_ref-Continue_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Continue-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SNK later used rotary joystick controls in arcade games such as <i><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_War_(video_game)" title="Guerrilla War (video game)">Guerrilla War</a></i> (1987).<sup id="cite_ref-RePlay_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RePlay-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A distinct variation of an analog joystick is a <a href="/wiki/Light_gun#Positional_guns" title="Light gun">positional gun</a>, which works differently from a <a href="/wiki/Light_gun" title="Light gun">light gun</a>. Instead of using light sensors, a positional gun is essentially an analog joystick mounted in a fixed location that records the position of the gun to determine where the player is aiming on the screen.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is often used for <a href="/wiki/Arcade_game" title="Arcade game">arcade</a> <a href="/wiki/Light_gun_shooter" class="mw-redirect" title="Light gun shooter">gun games</a>, with early examples including <a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Light_gun_shooter#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Light gun shooter">Sea Devil</a></i> in 1972;<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Taito" title="Taito">Taito</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Light_gun_shooter#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Light gun shooter">Attack</a></i> in 1976;<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Light_gun_shooter#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Light gun shooter">Cross Fire</a></i> in 1977;<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Light_gun_shooter#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Light gun shooter">Battle Shark</a></i> in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joystick_Cyborg_3D_Gold.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Joystick_Cyborg_3D_Gold.png/170px-Joystick_Cyborg_3D_Gold.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Joystick_Cyborg_3D_Gold.png/255px-Joystick_Cyborg_3D_Gold.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Joystick_Cyborg_3D_Gold.png/340px-Joystick_Cyborg_3D_Gold.png 2x" data-file-width="1730" data-file-height="2518" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Saitek" title="Saitek">Saitek</a>'s Cyborg 3D Gold around the 2000s. Note its throttle, its extra buttons, and its hat switch.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the 1990s, joysticks such as the CH Products Flightstick, <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Gravis_Computer_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Gravis Computer Technology">Gravis Phoenix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_SideWinder#Precision_Pro_1995" title="Microsoft SideWinder">Microsoft SideWinder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Logitech" title="Logitech">Logitech</a> WingMan, and <a href="/wiki/Thrustmaster" title="Thrustmaster">Thrustmaster FCS</a> were in demand with PC gamers. They were considered a prerequisite for flight simulators such as <i><a href="/wiki/Falcon_(video_game_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Falcon (video game series)">F-16 Fighting Falcon</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/LHX_Attack_Chopper" title="LHX Attack Chopper">LHX Attack Chopper</a></i>. Joysticks became especially popular with the mainstream success of <a href="/wiki/Space_flight_simulator_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Space flight simulator game">space flight simulator games</a> like <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_X-Wing_(video_game_series)" title="Star Wars: X-Wing (video game series)">X-Wing</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Wing_Commander_(franchise)" title="Wing Commander (franchise)">Wing Commander</a></i>, as well as the "Six degrees of freedom" 3D shooter <i><a href="/wiki/Descent_(1995_video_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Descent (1995 video game)">Descent</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-scifi_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scifi-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mygamer_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mygamer-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gamecritics_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gamecritics-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-escapist_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-escapist-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-esm_stf_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esm_stf-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> VirPil Controls' MongoosT-50 joystick was designed to mimic the style of Russian aircraft (including the <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-35" title="Sukhoi Su-35">Sukhoi Su-35</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-57" title="Sukhoi Su-57">Sukhoi Su-57</a>), unlike most flight joysticks.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, since the beginning of the 21st century, these types of games have waned in popularity and are now considered a "dead" genre, and with that, gaming joysticks have been reduced to niche products.<sup id="cite_ref-scifi_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scifi-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mygamer_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mygamer-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gamecritics_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gamecritics-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-escapist_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-escapist-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-esm_stf_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esm_stf-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/NowGamer" class="mw-redirect" title="NowGamer">NowGamer</a>'s interview with Jim Boone, a producer at Volition Inc., he stated that <i><a href="/wiki/FreeSpace_2" title="FreeSpace 2">FreeSpace 2</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s poor sales could have been due to joysticks' being sold poorly because they were "going out of fashion" because more modern first-person shooters, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Quake_(series)" title="Quake (series)">Quake</a></i>, were "very much about the mouse and [the] keyboard". He went further on to state "Before that, when we did <i><a href="/wiki/Descent_(video_game)" title="Descent (video game)">Descent</a></i> for example, it was perfectly common for people to have joysticks – we sold a lot of copies of Descent. It was around that time [when] the more modern FPS with mouse and keyboard came out, as opposed to just keyboard like <i><a href="/wiki/Wolfenstein_3D" title="Wolfenstein 3D">Wolfenstein [3D]</a></i> or something.".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the late 1990s, <i><a href="/wiki/Analog_stick" title="Analog stick">analog sticks</a></i> (or <i>thumbsticks</i>, due to their being controlled by one's thumbs) have become standard on controllers for video game consoles, popularized by <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_64_controller" title="Nintendo 64 controller">Nintendo 64 controller</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and have the ability to indicate the stick's displacement from its neutral position. This means that the software does not have to keep track of the position or estimate the speed at which the controls are moved. These devices usually use potentiometers to determine the position of the stick,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though some newer models instead use a <a href="/wiki/Hall_effect_sensor" title="Hall effect sensor">Hall effect sensor</a> for greater reliability and reduced size. </p><p>In 1997, ThrustMaster, Inc. introduced a 3D programmable controller, which was integrated into computer games to experience flight simulations. This line adapted several aspects of NASA's RHC (Rotational Hand Controller), which is used for landing and navigation methods.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1997 the first gaming joystick with force feedback (<a href="/wiki/Haptic_technology" title="Haptic technology">haptics</a>) was manufactured by CH Products under license from technology creator, <a href="/wiki/Immersion_Corporation" title="Immersion Corporation">Immersion Corporation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The product, called the Force FX joystick was followed by force feedback joysticks from <a href="/wiki/Logitech" title="Logitech">Logitech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thrustmaster" title="Thrustmaster">Thrustmaster</a>, and others, also under license from Immersion.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arcade_sticks">Arcade sticks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joystick&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Arcade sticks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Arcade_controller" title="Arcade controller">Arcade controller</a></div> <p>An arcade stick is a large-format controller for use with home consoles or computers. They use the stick-and-button configuration of some <a href="/wiki/Arcade_cabinet" title="Arcade cabinet">arcade cabinets</a>, such as those with particular multi-button arrangements. For example, the six button layout of the arcade games <i><a href="/wiki/Street_Fighter_II" title="Street Fighter II">Street Fighter II</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat" title="Mortal Kombat">Mortal Kombat</a></i> cannot be comfortably emulated on a console joypad, so licensed home arcade sticks for these games have been manufactured for home consoles and PCs.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hat_switch">Hat switch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joystick&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hat switch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JoystickDirections.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/JoystickDirections.svg/170px-JoystickDirections.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/JoystickDirections.svg/255px-JoystickDirections.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/JoystickDirections.svg/340px-JoystickDirections.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="770" /></a><figcaption>Hat switch - at top, in green</figcaption></figure> <p>A hat switch is a control on some joysticks. It is also known as a POV (point of view) switch in electronic games, where it allows one to look around in one's virtual world, browse menus, etc. For example, many flight simulators use it to switch the player's views,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while other games sometimes use it as a substitute for the <a href="/wiki/D-pad" title="D-pad">D-pad</a>. Computer gamepads with both an analogue stick and a D-pad usually assign POV switch scancodes to the latter. </p><p>The term hat switch is a shortening of the term "coolie hat switch", named for the <a href="/wiki/Asian_conical_hat" title="Asian conical hat">similar looking headgear</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a real aircraft, the hat switch may control things like <a href="/wiki/Aileron" title="Aileron">aileron</a> or <a href="/wiki/Elevator_(aeronautics)" title="Elevator (aeronautics)">elevator</a> trim. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cameras">Cameras</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joystick&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cameras"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Apart from buttons, wheels and dials as well as <a href="/wiki/Touchscreen" title="Touchscreen">touchscreens</a> also miniature joysticks have been established for the efficient manual operation of <a href="/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">cameras</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 526px;"> <li class="gallerycaption">Miniature joystick on a <a href="/wiki/Mirrorless_interchangeable-lens_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera">mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera</a></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joystick.Kamera.P1078740.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Miniature joystick to be operated by the right thumb, next to an electronic viewfinder"><img alt="Miniature joystick to be operated by the right thumb, next to an electronic viewfinder" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Joystick.Kamera.P1078740.jpg/220px-Joystick.Kamera.P1078740.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Joystick.Kamera.P1078740.jpg/330px-Joystick.Kamera.P1078740.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Joystick.Kamera.P1078740.jpg/440px-Joystick.Kamera.P1078740.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Miniature joystick to be operated by the right thumb, next to an <a href="/wiki/Electronic_viewfinder" title="Electronic viewfinder">electronic viewfinder</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joystick.Kamera.P1078738.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Detailed view"><img alt="Detailed view" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Joystick.Kamera.P1078738.jpg/220px-Joystick.Kamera.P1078738.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Joystick.Kamera.P1078738.jpg/330px-Joystick.Kamera.P1078738.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Joystick.Kamera.P1078738.jpg/440px-Joystick.Kamera.P1078738.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="3840" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Detailed view</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Industrial_applications">Industrial applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joystick&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Industrial applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In recent times, the employment of joysticks has become commonplace in many industrial and manufacturing applications, such as cranes, assembly lines, forestry equipment, mining trucks, and excavators. In fact, the use of such joysticks is in such high demand, that it has virtually replaced the traditional mechanical control lever in nearly all modern hydraulic control systems. Additionally, most <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">unmanned aerial vehicles</a> (UAVs) and <a href="/wiki/Remotely_operated_underwater_vehicle" title="Remotely operated underwater vehicle">submersible remotely operated vehicles</a> (ROVs) require at least one joystick to control either the vehicle, the on-board cameras, sensors and/or manipulators. </p><p>Due to the highly hands-on, rough nature of such applications, the industrial joystick tends to be more robust than the typical video-game controller, and able to function over a high cycle life. This led to the development and employment of <a href="/wiki/Hall_effect" title="Hall effect">Hall effect</a> sensing to such applications in the 1980s as a means of contactless sensing. Several companies produce joysticks for industrial applications using Hall effect technology. Another technology used in joystick design is the use of strain gauges to build force transducers from which the output is proportional to the force applied rather than physical deflection. Miniature force transducers are used as additional controls on joysticks for menu selection functions. </p><p>Some larger manufacturers of joysticks are able to customize joystick handles and grips specific to the OEM needs while small regional manufacturers often concentrate on selling standard products at higher prices to smaller OEMs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Assistive_technology">Assistive technology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joystick&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Assistive technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stephen_Hawking.StarChild.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Stephen_Hawking.StarChild.jpg/220px-Stephen_Hawking.StarChild.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Stephen_Hawking.StarChild.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="359" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Stephen Hawking</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Specialist joysticks, classed as an <a href="/wiki/Assistive_technology" title="Assistive technology">assistive technology</a> <a href="/wiki/Pointing_device" title="Pointing device">pointing device</a>, are used to replace the <a href="/wiki/Computer_mouse" title="Computer mouse">computer mouse</a> for people with fairly severe physical disabilities. Rather than controlling games, these joysticks control the <a href="/wiki/Pointer_(user_interface)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pointer (user interface)">pointer</a>. They are often useful to people with <a href="/wiki/Athetosis" title="Athetosis">athetoid</a> conditions, such as <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_palsy" title="Cerebral palsy">cerebral palsy</a>, who find them easier to grasp than a standard mouse.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Miniature joysticks are available for people with conditions involving muscular weakness such as <a href="/wiki/Muscular_dystrophy" title="Muscular dystrophy">muscular dystrophy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Motor_neurone_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor neurone disease">motor neurone disease</a> as well. They are also used on <a href="/wiki/Wheelchair#Electric_Powered_Wheelchairs" title="Wheelchair">electric powered wheelchairs</a> for control since they are simple and effective to use as a control method.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Non-human_use">Non-human use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joystick&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Non-human use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:135px;max-width:135px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:197px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Croney_2021_pig_adapted_controller.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A joystick designed specifically to be used by pigs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Croney_2021_pig_adapted_controller.jpg/133px-Croney_2021_pig_adapted_controller.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Croney_2021_pig_adapted_controller.jpg/200px-Croney_2021_pig_adapted_controller.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Croney_2021_pig_adapted_controller.jpg/266px-Croney_2021_pig_adapted_controller.jpg 2x" data-file-width="975" data-file-height="1444" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A joystick designed specifically to be used by pigs</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:253px;max-width:253px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:197px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Croney_2021_pig_using_controller.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Croney_2021_pig_using_controller.jpg/251px-Croney_2021_pig_using_controller.jpg" decoding="async" width="251" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Croney_2021_pig_using_controller.jpg/377px-Croney_2021_pig_using_controller.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Croney_2021_pig_using_controller.jpg/502px-Croney_2021_pig_using_controller.jpg 2x" data-file-width="975" data-file-height="769" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Joystick on the left when in use<sup id="cite_ref-Croney2021_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Croney2021-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div></div> <p>In 1996, a <a href="/wiki/Scientific_study" title="Scientific study">scientific study</a> established that both <a href="/wiki/Chimpanzee" title="Chimpanzee">chimpanzees</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhesus_monkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhesus monkey">rhesus monkeys</a> could be taught to move a pointer on a screen by using a joystick. Both have consistently managed to demonstrate "conceptual knowledge" of the task required of them during trials, although rhesus monkeys were notably slower to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, another pair of researchers investigated the level of <a href="/wiki/Intelligence" title="Intelligence">intelligence</a> in domestic <a href="/wiki/Pig" title="Pig">pigs</a> by designing a joystick which could be controlled with their snout. Unlike the chimpanzees or the rhesus monkeys, none of the four pigs was able to fully meet the 1996's test criteria for "<a href="/wiki/Motor_skill" title="Motor skill">motoric</a> or conceptual acquisition" of the task, but they still performed "significantly above chance". Notably, the pigs experienced additional difficulties in comparison to the primates, as they were all <a href="/wiki/Hyperopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperopia">far-sighted</a> and so may have struggled with the details on screen, and they could not move the target with a joystick without taking their eyes off the screen first.<sup id="cite_ref-Croney2021_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Croney2021-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joystick&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_flight_control_system" title="Aircraft flight control system">Aircraft flight control system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Arcade_(joystick)" title="The Arcade (joystick)">The Arcade (joystick)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_simulator" title="Flight simulator">Flight simulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_controller" title="Game controller">Game controller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamepad" title="Gamepad">Gamepad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_computer_hardware_terms" title="Glossary of computer hardware terms">Glossary of computer hardware terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravis_PC_GamePad" title="Gravis PC GamePad">Gravis PC GamePad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempston_joystick" class="mw-redirect" title="Kempston joystick">Kempston joystick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAC-2" title="TAC-2">TAC-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoke_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoke (aircraft)">Yoke (aircraft)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joystick&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vintagecomputing.com+%28originally+published+at+1UP.com%29&rft.atitle=Video+Games+Turn+Forty&rft.date=2007-05-15&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Benj&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vintagecomputing.com%2Findex.php%2Farchives%2F1107%2Fvideo-games-turn-forty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoystick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Missile-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Missile_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Missile_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arcade-museum.com/game_detail.php?game_id=10600"><i>Missile</i></a> at the <a href="/wiki/Killer_List_of_Videogames" class="mw-redirect" title="Killer List of Videogames">Killer List of Videogames</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arcade-museum.com/game_detail.php?game_id=5190"><i>S.A.M.I.</i></a> at the <a href="/wiki/Killer_List_of_Videogames" class="mw-redirect" title="Killer List of Videogames">Killer List of Videogames</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arcade-museum.com/game_detail.php?game_id=6949"><i>Astro Race</i></a> at the <a href="/wiki/Killer_List_of_Videogames" class="mw-redirect" title="Killer List of Videogames">Killer List of Videogames</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kotaku-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kotaku_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen Totilo, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotaku.com/5626466/in-search-of-the-first-video-game-gun">In Search Of The First Video Game Gun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kotaku" title="Kotaku">Kotaku</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arcade-museum.com/game_detail.php?game_id=8195"><i>Interceptor</i></a> at the <a href="/wiki/Killer_List_of_Videogames" class="mw-redirect" title="Killer List of Videogames">Killer List of Videogames</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJamie_Rigg2012" class="citation news cs1">Jamie Rigg (22 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.engadget.com/2012/06/22/custom-atari-car-seat-joystick/">"Joyride to Joystick: Atari Controller Custom-Built from a Car Seat Adjuster"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Engadget" title="Engadget">Engadget</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Joyride+to+Joystick%3A+Atari+Controller+Custom-Built+from+a+Car+Seat+Adjuster&rft.date=2012-06-22&rft.au=Jamie+Rigg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engadget.com%2F2012%2F06%2F22%2Fcustom-atari-car-seat-joystick%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoystick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant_Brunner2013" class="citation news cs1">Grant Brunner (27 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.extremetech.com/gaming/156711-evolution-of-video-game-controllers-leading-to-ps4-and-xbox-one">"Shoulder Buttons of Giants: The Evolution of Controllers Leading Up to PS4 and Xbox One"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ExtremeTech" title="ExtremeTech">ExtremeTech</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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March 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Continue&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8C%E6%80%92%E3%80%8D%E3%82%92%E4%BD%9C%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E7%94%B7&rft.date=2001-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshmuplations.com%2Fsnkgoldenage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoystick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CVG-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CVG_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.solvalou.com/arcade/reviews/45/351">"Arcade Action: Tank"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Computer_and_Video_Games" title="Computer and Video Games">Computer and Video Games</a></i>. No. 52 (February 1986). 16 January 1986. p. 51.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computer+and+Video+Games&rft.atitle=Arcade+Action%3A+Tank&rft.issue=52+%28February+1986%29&rft.pages=51&rft.date=1986-01-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.solvalou.com%2Farcade%2Freviews%2F45%2F351&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoystick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RePlay-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RePlay_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/re-play-volume-14-issue-no.-5-february-1990-600dpi/RePlay%20-%20Volume%2014%2C%20Issue%20No.%205%20-%20February%201990/page/61">"Bustin' Out: SNK's <i>Beast Busters</i> dedicated video gun game makes its mark"</a>. <i>RePlay</i>. Vol. 15, no. 5. February 1990. pp. <span class="nowrap">61–</span>2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RePlay&rft.atitle=Bustin%27+Out%3A+SNK%27s+Beast+Busters+dedicated+video+gun+game+makes+its+mark&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E61-%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.date=1990-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fre-play-volume-14-issue-no.-5-february-1990-600dpi%2FRePlay%2520-%2520Volume%252014%252C%2520Issue%2520No.%25205%2520-%2520February%25201990%2Fpage%2F61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoystick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan_McGuire_&_Odest_Chadwicke_Jenkins2009" class="citation cs2">Morgan McGuire & Odest Chadwicke Jenkins (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0G3PKwgvizEC"><i>Creating Games: Mechanics, Content, and Technology</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/A_K_Peters,_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="A K Peters, Ltd.">A K Peters, Ltd.</a>, p. 408, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56881-305-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56881-305-9"><bdi>978-1-56881-305-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-04-03</span></span>, <q>Light guns, such as the NES Zapper or those used in the <i>House of the Dead</i> series, are distinctly different from positional guns used by arcade games such as SEGA's Gunblade NY. ... Light guns differ from positional guns, such as in Gunblade NY (bottom), that are essentially analog joysticks. ... Positional guns are essentially analog sticks mounted in a fixed location with respect to the screen. Light guns, in contrast, have no fixed a priori relationship with a display.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Creating+Games%3A+Mechanics%2C+Content%2C+and+Technology&rft.pages=408&rft.pub=A+K+Peters%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-56881-305-9&rft.au=Morgan+McGuire+%26+Odest+Chadwicke+Jenkins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0G3PKwgvizEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoystick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYo-Sung_Ho_&_Hyoung_Joong_Kim2005" class="citation cs2">Yo-Sung Ho & Hyoung Joong Kim (November 13–16, 2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z-KQDQ0BtG4C&pg=PA688"><i>Advances in Multimedia Information Processing-PCM 2005: 6th Pacific-Rim Conference on Multimedia, Jeju Island, Korea</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer Science & Business</a>, p. 688, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-540-30040-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-540-30040-6"><bdi>3-540-30040-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-04-03</span></span>, <q>The two routes to conventional gun control are light guns and positional guns. Light guns are the most common for video game systems of any type. They work optically with screen and do not keep track of location on the screen until the gun is fired. When the gun is fired, the screen blanks for a moment, and the optics in the gun register where on the screen the gun is aimed. That information is sent to the computer, which registers the shot. ... Positional guns are mounted stationary on the arcade cabinet with the ability to aim left/right and up/down. They function much like joysticks, which maintain a known location on screen at all times and register the current location when fired.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advances+in+Multimedia+Information+Processing-PCM+2005%3A+6th+Pacific-Rim+Conference+on+Multimedia%2C+Jeju+Island%2C+Korea&rft.pages=688&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business&rft.date=2005-11-13%2F2005-11-16&rft.isbn=3-540-30040-6&rft.au=Yo-Sung+Ho+%26+Hyoung+Joong+Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz-KQDQ0BtG4C%26pg%3DPA688&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoystick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arcade-museum.com/game_detail.php?game_id=10632"><i>Sea Devil</i></a> at the <a href="/wiki/Killer_List_of_Videogames" class="mw-redirect" title="Killer List of Videogames">Killer List of Videogames</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arcade-museum.com/game_detail.php?game_id=6971"><i>Attack</i></a> at the <a href="/wiki/Killer_List_of_Videogames" class="mw-redirect" title="Killer List of Videogames">Killer List of Videogames</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arcade-museum.com/game_detail.php?game_id=7443"><i>Cross Fire</i></a> at the <a href="/wiki/Killer_List_of_Videogames" class="mw-redirect" title="Killer List of Videogames">Killer List of Videogames</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arcade-museum.com/game_detail.php?game_id=7050"><i>Battle Shark</i></a> at the <a href="/wiki/Killer_List_of_Videogames" class="mw-redirect" title="Killer List of Videogames">Killer List of Videogames</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scifi-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-scifi_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scifi_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeckham2006" class="citation web cs1">Peckham, Matt (September 26, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061017014353/http://www.scifi.com/sfw/games/sfw13762.html">"DarkStar One"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mygamer.com/index.php?id=550484&page=gameportal&mode=reviews">the original</a> on March 10, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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GameCritics. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamecritics.com/review/freelancer/main.php">the original</a> on January 6, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-11-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Freelancer&rft.pub=GameCritics&rft.date=2003-05-28&rft.aulast=Weise&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamecritics.com%2Freview%2Ffreelancer%2Fmain.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoystick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-escapist-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-escapist_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-escapist_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaMosca2006" class="citation magazine cs1">LaMosca, Adam (July 18, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080225101232/http://www.escapistmagazine.com/articles/view/issues/issue_54/324-Lost-in-the-Void">"Lost in the Void"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Escapist_(magazine)" title="The Escapist (magazine)">The Escapist</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Robotics+Improves+Movement+in+Kids+with+Cerebral+Palsy&rft.date=2009-05-22&rft.au=Darleen+Hartley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geek.com%2Fgadgets%2Frobotics-improves-movement-in-kids-with-cerebral-palsy-781412%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoystick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_Liszewski2012" class="citation web cs1">Andrew Liszewski (28 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120429094231/http://gizmodo.com/5905966/if-you-dont-find-this-video-about-robot-wheelchairs-for-babies-heartwarming-you-probably-dont-have-a-soul">"If You Don't Find This Video About Robot Wheelchairs for Babies' Heartwarming, You Probably Don't Have a Soul"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gizmodo" title="Gizmodo">Gizmodo</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gizmodo.com/5905966/if-you-dont-find-this-video-about-robot-wheelchairs-for-babies-heartwarming-you-probably-dont-have-a-soul">the original</a> on April 29, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gizmodo&rft.atitle=If+You+Don%27t+Find+This+Video+About+Robot+Wheelchairs+for+Babies%27+Heartwarming%2C+You+Probably+Don%27t+Have+a+Soul&rft.date=2012-04-28&rft.au=Andrew+Liszewski&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgizmodo.com%2F5905966%2Fif-you-dont-find-this-video-about-robot-wheelchairs-for-babies-heartwarming-you-probably-dont-have-a-soul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoystick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Croney2021-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Croney2021_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Croney2021_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCroneyBoysen2021" class="citation journal cs1">Croney, Candace C.; Boysen, Sarah T. (11 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7928376">"Acquisition of a Joystick-Operated Video Task by Pigs (Sus scrofa)"</a>. <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>. <b>12</b>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpsyg.2021.631755">10.3389/fpsyg.2021.631755</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7928376">7928376</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33679560">33679560</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Psychology&rft.atitle=Acquisition+of+a+Joystick-Operated+Video+Task+by+Pigs+%28Sus+scrofa%29&rft.volume=12&rft.date=2021-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7928376%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33679560&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3389%2Ffpsyg.2021.631755&rft.aulast=Croney&rft.aufirst=Candace+C.&rft.au=Boysen%2C+Sarah+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7928376&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoystick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHopkinsWashburnHyatt1996" class="citation journal cs1">Hopkins, William D.; Washburn, David A.; Hyatt, Charles W. (1996). "Video-task acquisition in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): A comparative analysis". <i>Primates</i>. <b>37</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">197–</span>206. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02381407">10.1007/BF02381407</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11541941">11541941</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Primates&rft.atitle=Video-task+acquisition+in+rhesus+monkeys+%28Macaca+mulatta%29+and+chimpanzees+%28Pan+troglodytes%29%3A+A+comparative+analysis&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E197-%3C%2Fspan%3E206&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02381407&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11541941&rft.aulast=Hopkins&rft.aufirst=William+D.&rft.au=Washburn%2C+David+A.&rft.au=Hyatt%2C+Charles+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoystick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joystick&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoch" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-interproj-linked-name"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102435890" class="extiw" title="d:Q102435890">Roch, Axel</a> <span class="cs1-format">[at Wikidata]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://moon.zkm.de/hp_new/pdf/mouse.pdf">"Fire-Control and Human-Computer Interaction: Towards a History of the Computer Mouse (1940–1965)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Mindell, David. <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>, Program in Science, Technology, and Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210628210444/http://moon.zkm.de/hp_new/pdf/mouse.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2021-06-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fire-Control+and+Human-Computer+Interaction%3A+Towards+a+History+of+the+Computer+Mouse+%281940%E2%80%931965%29&rft.pub=Massachusetts+Institute+of+Technology%2C+Program+in+Science%2C+Technology%2C+and+Society&rft.aulast=Roch&rft.aufirst=Axel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmoon.zkm.de%2Fhp_new%2Fpdf%2Fmouse.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoystick" class="Z3988"></span> (11 pages) (NB. This is based on an earlier German article published in 1996 in <i>Lab. Jahrbuch 1995/1996 für Künste und Apparate</i> (350 pages) by <a href="/wiki/Kunsthochschule_f%C3%BCr_Medien_K%C3%B6ln" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunsthochschule für Medien Köln">Kunsthochschule für Medien Köln</a> mit dem <a href="/wiki/Verein_der_Freunde_der_Kunsthochschule_f%C3%BCr_Medien_K%C3%B6ln" class="mw-redirect" title="Verein der Freunde der Kunsthochschule für Medien Köln">Verein der Freunde der Kunsthochschule für Medien Köln</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Buchhandlung_Walther_K%C3%B6nig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buchhandlung Walther König (page does not exist)">Verlag der Buchhandlung Walther König</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verlag_der_Buchhandlung_Walther_K%C3%B6nig" class="extiw" title="de:Verlag der Buchhandlung Walther König">de</a>]</span> in Cologne, Germany. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-88375-245-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-88375-245-2">3-88375-245-2</a>.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joystick&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Game_controllers" title="Template:Game controllers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Game_controllers" title="Template talk:Game controllers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Game_controllers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Game controllers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Video_game_controllers81" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Game_controller" title="Game controller">Video game controllers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Controller types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcade_controller" title="Arcade controller">Arcade controller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balance_board" title="Balance board">Balance board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_camera" title="Digital camera">Digital camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_pad" title="Dance pad">Dance pad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamepad" title="Gamepad">Gamepad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaming_keypad" title="Gaming keypad">Gaming keypad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_urinal" title="Interactive urinal">Interactive urinal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joystick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_keyboard" title="Computer keyboard">Keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_gun" title="Light gun">Light gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone">Microphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_controller" title="Motion controller">Motion controller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_mouse" title="Computer mouse">Mouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_game_accessories" title="Rhythm game accessories">Musical Instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddle_(game_controller)" title="Paddle (game controller)">Paddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulator_pedal" title="Simulator pedal">Pedal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sim_racing_wheel" title="Sim racing wheel">Wheel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Direct-drive_sim_racing_wheel" title="Direct-drive sim racing wheel">direct drive</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_control" title="Remote control">Remote control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality_headset" title="Virtual reality headset">Virtual reality headset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wired_glove" title="Wired glove">Wired glove</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Controller parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physical buttons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analog_stick" title="Analog stick">Analog stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrow_keys" title="Arrow keys">Arrow keys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-pad" title="D-pad">D-pad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hat_switch" class="mw-redirect" title="Hat switch">Hat switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scroll_wheel" title="Scroll wheel">Scroll wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamepad#Features" title="Gamepad">Select button</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamepad#Features" title="Gamepad">Start button</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_keypad" title="Telephone keypad">Telephone keypad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trackball" title="Trackball">Trackball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigger_(game_controller)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trigger (game controller)">Trigger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sensitive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accelerometer" title="Accelerometer">Accelerometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Force_feedback" class="mw-redirect" title="Force feedback">Force feedback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gesture_recognition" title="Gesture recognition">Gesture recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haptic_technology" title="Haptic technology">Haptic technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stylus_(computing)" title="Stylus (computing)">Stylus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_pen" title="Digital pen">Digital pen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touchpad" title="Touchpad">Touchpad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touchscreen" title="Touchscreen">Touchscreen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_game_controllers" title="List of game controllers">List of game controllers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multitap" title="Multitap">Multitap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reset_button" class="mw-redirect" title="Reset button">Reset button</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R.O.B." title="R.O.B.">R.O.B.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toys-to-life" title="Toys-to-life">Toys-to-life</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Basic_computer_components192" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Basic_computer_components" title="Template:Basic computer components"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Basic_computer_components" title="Template talk:Basic computer components"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Basic_computer_components" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Basic computer components"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Basic_computer_components192" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Basic <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computer</a> <a href="/wiki/Computer_hardware" title="Computer hardware">components</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Input_device" title="Input device">Input devices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pointing_device" title="Pointing device">Pointing devices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Graphics_tablet" title="Graphics tablet">Graphics tablet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_controller" title="Game controller">Game controller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_pen" title="Light pen">Light pen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_mouse" title="Computer mouse">Mouse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optical_mouse" title="Optical mouse">Optical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_trackpad" title="Optical trackpad">Optical trackpad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointing_stick" title="Pointing stick">Pointing stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touchpad" title="Touchpad">Touchpad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touchscreen" title="Touchscreen">Touchscreen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trackball" title="Trackball">Trackball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_keyboard" title="Computer keyboard">Keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_scanner" title="Image scanner">Image scanner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphics_card" title="Graphics card">Graphics card</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Graphics_processing_unit" title="Graphics processing unit">GPU</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone">Microphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">Refreshable braille display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_card" title="Sound card">Sound card</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sound_chip" title="Sound chip">Sound chip</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webcam" title="Webcam">Webcam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Softcam" title="Softcam">Softcam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Output_device" title="Output device">Output devices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_monitor" title="Computer monitor">Monitor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_visual_display" title="Electronic visual display">Screen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">Refreshable braille display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printer_(computing)" title="Printer (computing)">Printer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plotter" title="Plotter">Plotter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_speakers" title="Computer speakers">Speakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_card" title="Sound card">Sound card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphics_card" title="Graphics card">Graphics card</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Removable_media" title="Removable media">Removable <br /> data storage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disk_pack" title="Disk pack">Disk pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">Floppy disk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc" title="Optical disc">Optical disc</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_memory" title="Flash memory">Flash memory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Memory_card" title="Memory card">Memory card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USB_flash_drive" title="USB flash drive">USB flash drive</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Computer_case" title="Computer case">Computer case</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">Central processing unit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microprocessor" title="Microprocessor">Microprocessor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motherboard" title="Motherboard">Motherboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_memory" title="Computer memory">Memory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Random-access_memory" title="Random-access memory">RAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonvolatile_BIOS_memory" title="Nonvolatile BIOS memory">BIOS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_data_storage" title="Computer data storage">Data storage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive">HDD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid-state_drive" title="Solid-state drive">SSD</a> (<a href="/wiki/SATA" title="SATA">SATA</a> / <a href="/wiki/NVM_Express" title="NVM Express">NVMe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid-state_hybrid_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Solid-state hybrid drive">SSHD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_supply_unit_(computer)" title="Power supply unit (computer)">Power supply</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Switched-mode_power_supply" title="Switched-mode power supply">SMPS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOSFET" title="MOSFET">MOSFET</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_MOSFET" title="Power MOSFET">Power MOSFET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltage_regulator_module" title="Voltage regulator module">VRM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_interface_controller" title="Network interface controller">Network interface controller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fax_modem" title="Fax modem">Fax modem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansion_card" title="Expansion card">Expansion card</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Computer_port_(hardware)" title="Computer port (hardware)">Ports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">USB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_(interface)" title="Thunderbolt (interface)">Thunderbolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phone_connector_(audio)" title="Phone connector (audio)">Analog audio jack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DisplayPort" title="DisplayPort">DisplayPort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDMI" title="HDMI">HDMI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Obsolete</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1394" title="IEEE 1394">FireWire</a> (IEEE 1394)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_port" title="Parallel port">Parallel port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_port" title="Serial port">Serial port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_port" title="Game port">Game port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PS/2_port" title="PS/2 port">PS/2 port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_ATA#eSATA" class="mw-redirect" title="Serial ATA">eSATA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Visual_Interface" title="Digital Visual Interface">DVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VGA_connector" title="VGA connector">VGA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_computing_hardware" title="History of computing hardware">History of computing hardware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_computing_hardware_(1960s%E2%80%93present)" title="History of computing hardware (1960s–present)">History of computing hardware (1960s–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pioneers_in_computer_science" title="List of pioneers in computer science">List of pioneers in computer science</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Flight_instruments110" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Flight_instruments" title="Template:Flight instruments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Flight_instruments" title="Template talk:Flight instruments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Flight_instruments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Flight instruments"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Flight_instruments110" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Flight_instruments" title="Flight instruments">Flight instruments</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pitot%E2%80%93static_system" title="Pitot–static system">Pitot-static</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altimeter" title="Altimeter">Altimeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_indicator" title="Airspeed indicator">Airspeed indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machmeter" title="Machmeter">Machmeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variometer" title="Variometer">Variometer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gyroscope" title="Gyroscope">Gyroscopic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attitude_indicator" title="Attitude indicator">Attitude indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heading_indicator" title="Heading indicator">Heading indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontal_situation_indicator" title="Horizontal situation indicator">Horizontal situation indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn_and_slip_indicator" title="Turn and slip indicator">Turn and slip indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn_coordinator" class="mw-redirect" title="Turn coordinator">Turn coordinator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn_indicator" class="mw-redirect" title="Turn indicator">Turn indicator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Navigational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_periscope" class="mw-redirect" title="Aircraft periscope">Aircraft periscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Course_deviation_indicator" title="Course deviation indicator">Course deviation indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontal_situation_indicator" title="Horizontal situation indicator">Horizontal situation indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inertial_navigation_system" title="Inertial navigation system">Inertial navigation system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compass" title="Compass">Magnetic compass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_navigation" title="Satellite navigation">Satellite navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Integrated_GPS/INS" title="Space Integrated GPS/INS">SIGI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_data_inertial_reference_unit" title="Air data inertial reference unit">Air data inertial reference unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_centralised_aircraft_monitor" title="Electronic centralised aircraft monitor">ECAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_flight_instrument_system" title="Electronic flight instrument system">EFIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_cockpit" title="Glass cockpit">Glass cockpit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head-up_display" title="Head-up display">Head-up display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_standby_instrument_system" title="Integrated standby instrument system">Integrated standby instrument system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primary_flight_display" title="Primary flight display">Primary flight display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V_speeds" title="V speeds">V speeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaw_string" title="Yaw string">Yaw string</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox567" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority 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