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La “lunga durata” dello spazio sacro in Iran tra Zoroastrismo e Islam. Un’analisi storico - architettonica | Vittoria Cardini - Academia.edu
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Religions, for example, have often identified the sense of the sacred in symbols, rites, places, icons and precepts.For this reason, it is difficult to elaborate a current analysis that could explain the persistence or disappearance of the sacred.It would be natural to attempt to make reference to the myth of Nietzsche’s eternal return, meaning that the eternal does not return to the cyclicality of history that repeats itself, but the return to models, exemplary actions, archetypes of almost archaic human existence, not as individuality and temporality, but because they are connected to roots that disregard them, or rather transcends them. The ritual is a memory of a mythical event, and a repetition of the event itself, at the same time.In this regard, Laura Tussi wr...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"La dimensione del sacro tra Oriente e Occidente. 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Vita di una forma</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="51212668" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LMicara">Ludovico Micara</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Tout est forme, et la vie même est une forme. Honoré de Balzac La forme … est d'abord une vie mobile dans un monde changeant. Les métamorphoses, sans fin, recommencent. Henri Focillon Abstract: l'ordine architettonico del talar persiano, che ha caratterizzato le architetture più significative della Persia Safavide e della sua capitale Isfahan nel XVII° secolo, condensa nei suoi spazi una serie di qualità, di caratteri che lo distinguono in quanto forma architettonica riconoscibile e autonoma. Tale forma sincreticamente raccoglie ed esprime tutta una serie di esperienze e motivi, che fanno della tradizione architettonica persiana e della sua continuità attraverso almeno 3000 anni, un unicum straordinario. L'analisi della persistenza della forma talar fino ai nostri giorni mette in luce il tema della vitalità nel tempo di alcune forme architettoniche e dei suoi significati, palesi o sottintesi, quasi indipendentemente dai suoi interpreti temporanei; dando forse ragione e preludendo a una possibile "vita delle forme" in architettura.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"L’ordine architettonico del Talar persiano. Vita di una forma","attachmentId":115846090,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/120814651/L%C3%A2_ordine_architettonico_del_Talar_persiano_Vita_di_una_forma","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/120814651/L%C3%A2_ordine_architettonico_del_Talar_persiano_Vita_di_una_forma"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="28956864" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28956864/Il_tempio_nelloasi_di_El_Bahrein_analisi_iconografica_ed_architettonica_in_Gallo_P_a_cura_di_Egittologia_a_Palazzo_Nuovo_Studi_e_ricerche_dellUniversit%C3%A0_di_Torino_Novi_Ligure_2013_pp_259_287">Il tempio nell'oasi di El Bahrein: analisi iconografica ed architettonica, in Gallo P. (a cura di), Egittologia a Palazzo Nuovo. Studi e ricerche dell'Università di Torino, Novi Ligure 2013, pp. 259-287</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="54579206" href="https://ephe.academia.edu/LorenzoUggetti">Lorenzo Uggetti</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In 2003, a temple was unearthed by Paolo Gallo's Italian Archaeological Mission in Alexandria (CMAIA) in the El-Bahrein Oasis, 140 km southeast of Siwa in the Lybian Desert. The tripartite sanctuary was decorated with painted reliefs under Nectanebo I and some architectural parallels can be drawn with his mammisi at Dendera; the hypostyle hall was probably added by Ptolemy II Philadelphus. Religious and political connections with the Siwa Oasis are constituted by the presence of the god Paheramon, perhaps an oracular form of Amun, and by the local king Unamon, both represented in the temples of Aghurmi and Omm Obeyda. Unamon ruled over the region at the time of the 30th dynasty and wrote his name in cartouches at El-Bahrein, but not at Siwa. On the other side, religious links with the Bahariya Oasis are established by the identification of the god "Harsiesis the excellent heir of Onnophris" (Ḥr-sꜣ ꜣs.t-i҆wꜥ-mnḫ-Wnn-nfr), whose image is carved also in the first chapel of 'Ain Muftella and in the tomb of Banenentiu. Moreover, the fragmentary toponym Ḏsḏs, one of the Egyptian names of Bahariya attested in the temple and in the mammisi of Edfu, could be read on one of the blocks.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Il tempio nell'oasi di El Bahrein: analisi iconografica ed architettonica, in Gallo P. (a cura di), Egittologia a Palazzo Nuovo. Studi e ricerche dell'Università di Torino, Novi Ligure 2013, pp. 259-287","attachmentId":49397263,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28956864/Il_tempio_nelloasi_di_El_Bahrein_analisi_iconografica_ed_architettonica_in_Gallo_P_a_cura_di_Egittologia_a_Palazzo_Nuovo_Studi_e_ricerche_dellUniversit%C3%A0_di_Torino_Novi_Ligure_2013_pp_259_287","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28956864/Il_tempio_nelloasi_di_El_Bahrein_analisi_iconografica_ed_architettonica_in_Gallo_P_a_cura_di_Egittologia_a_Palazzo_Nuovo_Studi_e_ricerche_dellUniversit%C3%A0_di_Torino_Novi_Ligure_2013_pp_259_287"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="8464232" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8464232/P_Xella_Archeologia_del_diavolo_Vicino_Oriente_antico_e_Iran_in_P_Capelli_ed_Il_diavolo_e_l_Occidente_Brescia_2005_Morcelliana_7_22">P. Xella, “Archeologia del diavolo (Vicino Oriente antico e Iran)”, in P. Capelli (ed.), Il diavolo e l’Occidente, Brescia 2005, Morcelliana, 7-22.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1047126" href="https://pisa.academia.edu/PaoloXella">Paolo Xella</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Io so infatti che in me, cioè nella mia carne, non abita il bene; c'è in me il desiderio del bene, ma non la capacità di attuarlo; infatti io non compio il bene che voglio, ma il male che non voglio. Ora, se faccio quello che non voglio, non sono più io a farlo, ma il peccato che abita in me» (Rm 7,(18)(19)(20)</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"P. Xella, “Archeologia del diavolo (Vicino Oriente antico e Iran)”, in P. Capelli (ed.), Il diavolo e l’Occidente, Brescia 2005, Morcelliana, 7-22.","attachmentId":34849867,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8464232/P_Xella_Archeologia_del_diavolo_Vicino_Oriente_antico_e_Iran_in_P_Capelli_ed_Il_diavolo_e_l_Occidente_Brescia_2005_Morcelliana_7_22","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/8464232/P_Xella_Archeologia_del_diavolo_Vicino_Oriente_antico_e_Iran_in_P_Capelli_ed_Il_diavolo_e_l_Occidente_Brescia_2005_Morcelliana_7_22"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="122591311" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/122591311/Le_dinamiche_spaziali_ed_economiche_del_turismo_religioso_in_Iran">Le dinamiche spaziali ed economiche del turismo religioso in Iran</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2779229" href="https://universitaeuropeadiroma.academia.edu/CarmenBizzarri">Carmen Bizzarri</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Rivista di scienze del turismo, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Iran is a country rich in natural resources and major infrastructure predominantly Shiite religious, which attracts many pilgrims, Iranians and foreigners. This contribution beyond describing the phenomenon of tourism-religious in this country, analyzes its effects localized mainly in the city of Mashhad. In this urban area, however, the religious phenomenon is mixed with the tourist so that the current size of the city is due to the very pilgrimage of the devout Shiites. The explosion of religious tourism in Iran is derived from both the spread throughout Middle East due to the presence of Shia religion in those lands of the Iranian people who, having undergone various diasporas, had to migrate to neighboring lands, both by the increased role of religion in social and economic dynamics. In this context, religious viewpoint, the mosque has increased its social role, becoming more and more the center of reference for both civil and religious. The centrality of religion in the life style and the links with the land of birth for migrants expanded the functions of the city of Mashhad that, bordering by Turkmenistan, Afghanistan and Pakistan, has become the headquarters of the most important Shiite mosque, the pole of the Shiite pilgrimage for all citizens of these areas and most important urban center in the region. The contribution will analyze the phenomenon of tourism in relation to urban expansion taking as a model the functionalist analysis.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Le dinamiche spaziali ed economiche del turismo religioso in Iran","attachmentId":117227967,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122591311/Le_dinamiche_spaziali_ed_economiche_del_turismo_religioso_in_Iran","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/122591311/Le_dinamiche_spaziali_ed_economiche_del_turismo_religioso_in_Iran"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="1176091" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1176091/_Il_Santuario_di_En_Gedi_ed_il_Recinto_Templare_di_Tuleilat_el_Ghassul_I_Prodromi_dell_Architettura_Sacra_Palestinese_del_Bronzo_Antico_nell_Et%C3%A0_Tardo_Calcolitica_">“Il Santuario di En-Gedi ed il Recinto Templare di Tuleilat el-Ghassul: I Prodromi dell’Architettura Sacra Palestinese del Bronzo Antico nell’Età Tardo-Calcolitica”</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="236486" href="https://usi-ch.academia.edu/MauraSala">Maura Sala</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">L'architettura sacra della Palestina nell'età del Bronzo Antico appare contraddistinta da una relativa uniformità e specificità di sviluppi nell'architettura religiosa di età preclassica, a fronte della varietà di forme che essa assume nel II e nel I millennio a.C. 1 * Desidero dedicare questo articolo al Prof. P. Matthiae in occasione del Suo sessantacinquesimo compleanno. I Suoi insegnamenti e la fondamentale esperienza della partecipazione alle campagne di scavo ad Ebla hanno contribuito in modo unico a formarmi alla rigorosa prospettiva storicoarcheologica che è caratteristica della Sua Scuola, e a trasmettermi la profonda coscienza e sensibilità storica con cui costantemente vengono affrontate le tematiche e le problematiche dell'archeologia del Vicino Oriente. * * Un sentito ringraziamento va al Prof. L. Nigro, correlatore della mia tesi di laurea discussa all'Università di Roma "La Sapienza" nel luglio 2004, da cui il presente articolo è stato estratto. Lo ringrazio per i consigli ed i suggerimenti, e per le preziose intuizioni, che mi hanno sempre spronata ed aiutata ad affrontare in modo critico i temi e le problematiche dei miei studi. 1 Con l'avvento del II millennio a.C. la Palestina s'inserisce in un più ampio milieu storico-culturale, che va ad abbracciare l'intera regione siro-palestinese (Matthiae 1990; Nigro 1996) e che nell'architettura sacra palestinese del Bronzo Medio si manifesta segnatamente nell'introduzione di una nuova tipologia templare di derivazione settentrionale: la tipologia del tempio Langraum, monocellulare e con ingresso assiale, mutuata dall'architettura templare siriana, laddove appare attestata fin dalla metà del III millennio a.C., nei templi di Tell Chuera (Orthmann 1990) e Tell Halawa (Orthmann (ed.) 1989: 63-66, Abb. 15, Beig. 10), e dove si afferma in modo preminente nel Bronzo Medio nei templi di Ebla, Tell Bi'a e forse all'incirca databili al Bronzo 4 Dal Bronzo Antico IB, nei templi di Megiddo e Hartuv, fino alla fine del Bronzo Antico III, nei templi di 'Ai, Khirbet Yarmouk e Bab edh-Dhra' (Kempinski 1992; de Miroschedji 1993). 5 La tipologia del tempio Breitraum, anche se con una morfologia, invero, quasi quadrata, è di nuovo attestata in Palestina nella prima metà del II millennio a.C. nei templi Megiddo XII (Dunayevsky -Kempinski 1973: 177-180), Tell Musa V (Eisenberg 1977: 78-81), Tell el-Hayyat 5 (Falconer -Magness-Gardiner 1989: 256) e nel tempio degli ortostati a Hazor (Yadin et al. 1961-1989.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"“Il Santuario di En-Gedi ed il Recinto Templare di Tuleilat el-Ghassul: I Prodromi dell’Architettura Sacra Palestinese del Bronzo Antico nell’Età Tardo-Calcolitica”","attachmentId":7259985,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1176091/_Il_Santuario_di_En_Gedi_ed_il_Recinto_Templare_di_Tuleilat_el_Ghassul_I_Prodromi_dell_Architettura_Sacra_Palestinese_del_Bronzo_Antico_nell_Et%C3%A0_Tardo_Calcolitica_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1176091/_Il_Santuario_di_En_Gedi_ed_il_Recinto_Templare_di_Tuleilat_el_Ghassul_I_Prodromi_dell_Architettura_Sacra_Palestinese_del_Bronzo_Antico_nell_Et%C3%A0_Tardo_Calcolitica_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="10887641" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10887641/Lo_spazio_del_sacro_nella_cultura_del_Mediterraneo">Lo spazio del sacro nella cultura del Mediterraneo</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5501298" href="https://unical.academia.edu/GiuseppeRoma">Giuseppe Roma</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">I SANTUARI E IL MARE -ISBN 978-88-7228-742-2 -© 2014 · Edipuglia s.r.l. -www.edipuglia.it GIUSEPPE ROMA LO SPAZIO DEL SACRO NELLA CULTURA DEL MEDITERRANEO</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Lo spazio del sacro nella cultura del Mediterraneo","attachmentId":36677587,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10887641/Lo_spazio_del_sacro_nella_cultura_del_Mediterraneo","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10887641/Lo_spazio_del_sacro_nella_cultura_del_Mediterraneo"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="41951690" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41951690/2019_I_ponti_di_epoca_sasanide_in_Iran_nel_contesto_dei_contatti_culturali_tra_la_Persia_e_Roma">2019. I ponti di epoca sasanide in Iran nel contesto dei contatti culturali tra la Persia e Roma</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="648530" href="https://uniroma1.academia.edu/GiulioMaresca">Giulio Maresca</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">(Scarpanti, E. ed.) Mantua Humanistic Studies VII. Mantova: Universitas Studiorum. ISBN 978-88-3369-050-6. 2019, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Bridges are usually considered as one of the most peculiar and distinctive elements of the cultural landscape of Sasanian Iran. Extensive programs of investments in the management of agricultural and hydraulic issues during the Sasanian period resulted in the construction of a significant number of this kind of infrastructures. In the opinion of many scholars, several Sasanian bridges clearly testify for a heavy and direct technology transfer from the Roman Empire to Sasanian Iran. In some cases, moreover, a number of the aforementioned infrastructures are definitely considered as actual “Roman” monuments, built in Persian territory by Roman captives under the supervision of Roman military engineers. This paper tries to question a similar assumption on the basis of the available archaeological evidence and of the peculiar hydrological setting and specific function of some of those monuments.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"2019. I ponti di epoca sasanide in Iran nel contesto dei contatti culturali tra la Persia e Roma","attachmentId":62074846,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41951690/2019_I_ponti_di_epoca_sasanide_in_Iran_nel_contesto_dei_contatti_culturali_tra_la_Persia_e_Roma","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/41951690/2019_I_ponti_di_epoca_sasanide_in_Iran_nel_contesto_dei_contatti_culturali_tra_la_Persia_e_Roma"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="63922469" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63922469/Raffaele_Pettazzoni_La_religione_di_Zarathustra_nella_storia_religiosa_dellIran_1920_">Raffaele Pettazzoni, La religione di Zarathustra nella storia religiosa dell'Iran [1920]</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="173541428" href="https://ubbcluj.academia.edu/ClassicalStudiesClujNapoca">Classical Studies Cluj-Napoca</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Nicola Zanichelli Editore, Bologna, 1920</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Bonn, 1920 : cfr. Clemen, Die griechischen u. lateinischen Nachrichten uber die persische Religion (Religionsgeschichtliche Versuche und Vorarbeiten, xvii, i).</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Raffaele Pettazzoni, La religione di Zarathustra nella storia religiosa dell'Iran [1920]","attachmentId":76184374,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/63922469/Raffaele_Pettazzoni_La_religione_di_Zarathustra_nella_storia_religiosa_dellIran_1920_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/63922469/Raffaele_Pettazzoni_La_religione_di_Zarathustra_nella_storia_religiosa_dellIran_1920_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":37044962,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":37044962,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_37044962" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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