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false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":38507313,"created_at":"2019-03-07T06:17:39.545-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-12T12:53:02.458-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"In this essay, which is a summary of the main ideas in the author’s Ph.D. research (still work in progress), the author proposes a method to justify philosophical practice philosophically. Such a justification is necessary for the sake of the connection with academic philosophy and to avoid philosophical bungling. The author connects to Socrates’ skeptical and maieutic legacy, as well as to Husserl’s perceptive/experiential and Wittgenstein’s descriptive and ordinary language legacies. He explains his hypothesis that a philosopher might be aware of his epistemic premises and able to test these premises in the practice of philosophizing. He discusses his methodic and epistemic hypotheses, the latter being experiential and semantic questioning.","publication_date":"2018,,","publication_name":"Philosophical Practice and Counseling. Official Journal of the Korean Society of Philosophical Pratcice"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Socrates in the 21st century.pdf","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [1070310]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":58575012,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Socrates in the 21st century.pdf”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/58575012/mini_magick20190307-22642-4l1mk2.png?1551981050" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Socrates in the 21st century.pdf</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1070310" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LeondeHaas"><img alt="Profile image of Leon de Haas" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/1070310/370265/10121814/s65_leon.de_haas.jpg" />Leon de Haas</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2018, Philosophical Practice and Counseling. Official Journal of the Korean Society of Philosophical Pratcice</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">27 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 38507313; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=38507313"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { const viewCountNumber = Number(viewCount); if (!viewCountNumber) { throw new Error('Failed to parse view count'); } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (viewCountBody) { viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } else { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">In this essay, which is a summary of the main ideas in the author’s Ph.D. research (still work in progress), the author proposes a method to justify philosophical practice philosophically. Such a justification is necessary for the sake of the connection with academic philosophy and to avoid philosophical bungling. The author connects to Socrates’ skeptical and maieutic legacy, as well as to Husserl’s perceptive/experiential and Wittgenstein’s descriptive and ordinary language legacies. He explains his hypothesis that a philosopher might be aware of his epistemic premises and able to test these premises in the practice of philosophizing. He discusses his methodic and epistemic hypotheses, the latter being experiential and semantic questioning.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":58575012,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/38507313/Socrates_in_the_21st_century_pdf"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":58575012,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/38507313/Socrates_in_the_21st_century_pdf"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="58575012" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/38507313/Socrates_in_the_21st_century_pdf" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="38477122" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38477122/Socrates_as_the_Paradigmatic_Figure_of_Practical_Philosophy">Socrates as the Paradigmatic Figure of Practical Philosophy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4363107" href="https://ucm-sk.academia.edu/MatusPorubjak">Matus Porubjak</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Aither, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This philosophical essay aims to return to the Socratic problem, ask it anew, and make an attempt to find its possible solution. In the introduction, the author briefly discusses to genesis of the Socratic problem and the basic methodological problems we encounter when dealing with it. Further on, it defines five basic sources of information about Socrates on which the interpretation tradition is based. Then the author outlines two key features of Socrates’ personality, aligned with the vast majority of sources: (1) Socrates’ belief that he has no theoretical knowledge; (2) Socrates’ predilection towards practical questions, and the practical dimension of his activity. In conclusion, the author expresses his belief that it is just this practical dimension of philosophy that has been in the ‘blind spot’ of the modern study of Socrates which paid too much attention to the search for his doctrine. The history of philosophy, however, does not only have to be the history of doctrines, but can also be the history of reflected life practices which inspire followers in their own practices while reflecting on them. The author therefore proposes to understand the historical Socrates as the paradigmatic figure of practical philosophy.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Socrates as the Paradigmatic Figure of Practical Philosophy","attachmentId":99450277,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38477122/Socrates_as_the_Paradigmatic_Figure_of_Practical_Philosophy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/38477122/Socrates_as_the_Paradigmatic_Figure_of_Practical_Philosophy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="36118179" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36118179/The_Epistemological_Legacy_of_Socrates">The Epistemological Legacy of Socrates</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34787338" href="https://fau.academia.edu/PeterWorth">Peter J Worth</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">As one digs into how philosophy emerges in the West, and how Reason began to rise in influence at the dawn of civilization (a feature which so notably marked the civilization of Ancient Greece and in turn is the marked characteristic of Western civilization to this day), it becomes evident that this philosophical movement represents not only a somewhat rebellious socio-political force in the region that in turn provides some of the philosophical and metaphysical underpinnings of monotheism as it evolves into Christianity, but it also has profoundly influenced the worldview of the West even to this day, providing the semantic and intellectual framework within which we view the world around us, and within which the branches of science and study exist even to this day. The ancient Greek philosophers were the first individual to challenge the truth of the mythologies that had so profoundly influenced the ancient civilizations of the East and West, and were the first people to begin to explore the nature of knowledge, what could be known, or perhaps better put what in fact could be known to be, itself, providing us with philosophical and intellectual frameworks which came to shape Western civilization for several thousand years and still remains a profound influence on how we approach knowledge, and scientific study today.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Epistemological Legacy of Socrates","attachmentId":56010370,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36118179/The_Epistemological_Legacy_of_Socrates","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36118179/The_Epistemological_Legacy_of_Socrates"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="13536684" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13536684/Socrates_on_Socrates_Looking_Back_to_Bring_Philosophy_Forward">Socrates on Socrates: Looking Back to Bring Philosophy Forward</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="20171197" href="https://baylor.academia.edu/AnneSchultz">Anne-Marie Schultz</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In this paper, I explore three autobiographical narratives that Plato’s Socrates tells: his report of his conversations with Diotima (Symposium 201d–212b), his account of his testing of the Delphic oracle (Apology 21a–23a), and his description of his turn fromnaturalistic philosophy to his own method of inquiry (Phaedo 96a–100b).1 This Platonic Socrates shows his auditors how to philosophize for the future through a narrative recollection of his own past. In these stories, Plato presents us with an image of a Socrates who prepares others to do philosophy without him. In doing so, Plato’s Socrates exhibits philosophical care for his students. In the first part of the paper, I briefly discuss Socrates’ overall narrative style as Plato depicts it in the five dialogues that Socrates narrates. I then analyze each of these autobiographical accounts with an eye toward uncovering what they reveal about Plato’s presentation of Socrates’ philosophical practice.2 Finally, I offer a brief description of what it might mean to practice philosophy as care for self and care for others in a Socratic fashion.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Socrates on Socrates: Looking Back to Bring Philosophy Forward","attachmentId":38070221,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13536684/Socrates_on_Socrates_Looking_Back_to_Bring_Philosophy_Forward","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13536684/Socrates_on_Socrates_Looking_Back_to_Bring_Philosophy_Forward"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="744886" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/744886/PHILOSOPHISING_THROUGH_THE_EYE_OF_THE_MIND_Philosophy_as_Ethos_and_Praxis">PHILOSOPHISING THROUGH THE EYE OF THE MIND Philosophy as Ethos and Praxis</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="473994" href="https://mmu.academia.edu/PeterCritchley">Peter Critchley</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This book has now been published and is available on Amazon This book conceives philosophy in terms of philosophizing as an active process. The intention of the argument is to restore philosophy to its origins as an ethos, a practice, a way of living for rational beings. Philosophy is therefore presented more as a practice or an activity than as an intellectual exercise or subject discipline. Philosophy is something that one does as a rational being. This is not an invitation to sloppy thinking; it is an invitation to all to philosophize as rational beings. A questioning, critical approach grounded in the rational faculty is taken to be the most salient characteristic of philosophy. This emphasizes intelligence and its application over knowledge.Philosophy is not a question of knowledge but of the application of intelligence. The book proceeds from Socrates as the key figure in this conception of philosophy as philosophizing. Socrates was no ivory tower philosopher but took philosophy to the men and women of 'the real world' in an attempt to get them to support their views and activities with arguments, with good reasons for doing, thinking, stating the things they did. The 'real world' is not the one revealed to ordinary sense experience. This book shows that only by philosophizing can individuals enter the real world.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/744886/PHILOSOPHISING_THROUGH_THE_EYE_OF_THE_MIND_Philosophy_as_Ethos_and_Praxis"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="39894026" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39894026/Socrates_and_the_Socratic_Philosophies">Socrates and the Socratic Philosophies</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="100699" href="https://uba.academia.edu/ClaudiaM%C3%A1rsico">Claudia Mársico</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Socratica IV. Selected papers, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Selected papers on the Socratic Philosophies peer-reviews by the Editorial Committee of the International Society for Socratic Studies.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Socrates and the Socratic Philosophies","attachmentId":95628495,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39894026/Socrates_and_the_Socratic_Philosophies","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/39894026/Socrates_and_the_Socratic_Philosophies"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="95387645" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/95387645/A_Philosophical_Solution_to_the_Problem_of_Socrates">A Philosophical Solution to the Problem of Socrates</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10884509" href="https://csustan.academia.edu/ChristopherTurner">Christopher Turner</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Ancient Philosophy, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Socrates’ purposes, in his philosophical conversations with others, remain a puzzle. We review eleven distinct interpretive options, many of which stretch back more than a hundred years, finding all of them untenable. We then propose an original, twelfth interpretation as the most faithful and charitable alternative. Our discussion takes as its focus Plato’s dialogue Laches as a representative of the aporetic dialogues.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Philosophical Solution to the Problem of Socrates","attachmentId":97584460,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/95387645/A_Philosophical_Solution_to_the_Problem_of_Socrates","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/95387645/A_Philosophical_Solution_to_the_Problem_of_Socrates"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="38408296" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38408296/Epistemology_and_Metaphysics_of_Socrates">Epistemology and Metaphysics of Socrates</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="103063734" href="https://ulincoln.academia.edu/nicodesola">nico desola</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Epistemology and Metaphysics of Socrates","attachmentId":58466310,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38408296/Epistemology_and_Metaphysics_of_Socrates","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/38408296/Epistemology_and_Metaphysics_of_Socrates"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="56681360" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/56681360/The_art_of_philosophical_practice">The art of philosophical practice</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="117929113" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OscarBrenifier">Oscar Brenifier</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The emerging of new practices in the domain of philosophy, motivated by the desire to philosophize, which is expressed by the wider public since a few years, leads us to ponder the nature of this philosophizing, perhaps, in part, to answer those who question the legitimacy of this recent popularization of the philosophical impulse. In order to better capture its manifold manifestations, the present work will approach this new phenomenon from various angles: from the angle of the attitudes, as astonishment or radicality (fundamentalism), for example; also, from the angle of the skills involved therein, like analysis or argumentation, or again like problematization and conceptualization. But, we will also discuss about dialectic, intuition, philosophical consultation and so on.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The art of philosophical practice","attachmentId":71947293,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/56681360/The_art_of_philosophical_practice","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/56681360/The_art_of_philosophical_practice"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="2083320" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2083320/A_companion_to_Socrates">A companion to Socrates</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2719223" href="https://umich.academia.edu/SaraLAbbelRappe">Sara Ahbel-Rappe</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A companion to Socrates","attachmentId":29927973,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2083320/A_companion_to_Socrates","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2083320/A_companion_to_Socrates"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="27949607" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27949607/Social_Dexterity_in_Inquiry_and_Argumentation_An_Apologia_of_Socrates">Social Dexterity in Inquiry and Argumentation: An Apologia of Socrates</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6015076" href="https://waikato.academia.edu/JosephUlatowski">Joseph Ulatowski</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Students often find Socrates unsettling because they are largely distracted by his overtly hostile and arrogant behavior. While dialogues such as Euthyphro and Apology are widely taught in college courses, and are generally thought to offer a reasonable representation of the historical Socrates, they do not offer a complete picture of the variety of useful and informative ways in which Socrates interacts with his interlocutors in Plato’s dialogues. The varying relationships had between Socrates and his interlocutors ought not to be ignored, especially since instructors and students may learn a valuable lesson from his assiduously calibrated style of instruction. Through careful analysis of sections of the Platonic dialogues, we argue that particular aspects of discussions between Socrates and his interlocutors should serve as object lessons not only for students but also for instructors. For students, rather than seeing philosophy as merely a body of doctrines transmitted from instructor to student, we argue that they should also see, in Socrates’ interactions, that learning to philosophize is a matter of developing the skill of philosophical argumentation and conceptual understanding. For instructors, one ought to be cognizant of the abilities of one’s students, as well as other information relevant to learning. In particular, we show how it is incumbent to recognize that students can vary in their background experience when they reach our classrooms, and may be at differing levels of development in their philosophical thinking. Perhaps the most important point we wish to bring home is that Socrates’ interactions are carefully differentiated for each conversation with his interlocutors. Most, if not all, of his discussions are carefully calibrated according to a certain social awareness, wherein he pays attention to background features of the conversational context, including facts about his interlocutors, such as social and cultural influences, and perhaps especially their philosophical aptitude. The upshot of paying attention to Socrates’ interactions is that these features can augment instructors and students’ understanding, facilitating the cultivation and development of philosophical skills.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Social Dexterity in Inquiry and Argumentation: An Apologia of Socrates","attachmentId":48247594,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27949607/Social_Dexterity_in_Inquiry_and_Argumentation_An_Apologia_of_Socrates","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27949607/Social_Dexterity_in_Inquiry_and_Argumentation_An_Apologia_of_Socrates"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":58575012,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":58575012,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_58575012" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="113352125" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/113352125/Introduction_Why_Philosophy">Introduction: Why Philosophy?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="852311" href="https://utas.academia.edu/JeffMalpas">Jeff Malpas</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">De Gruyter eBooks, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Introduction: Why Philosophy?","attachmentId":110333203,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/113352125/Introduction_Why_Philosophy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/113352125/Introduction_Why_Philosophy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="2591833" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2591833/Reflections_on_the_discipline_of_philosophy_and_its_history">Reflections on the discipline of philosophy and its history</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1929632" href="https://uppsala.academia.edu/SharonRider">Sharon Rider</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Lychnos. 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The Idea of Philosophy as a Rigorous Science and Ideas I","attachmentId":107819483,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109805908/Yearnings_for_Foundation_The_Idea_of_Philosophy_as_a_Rigorous_Science_and_Ideas_I","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/109805908/Yearnings_for_Foundation_The_Idea_of_Philosophy_as_a_Rigorous_Science_and_Ideas_I"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="52921398" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/52921398/The_Philosophical_Propaedeutic">The Philosophical Propaedeutic</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="47631227" href="https://conncoll.academia.edu/JWoody">J. 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