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Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="هورنبلند – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هورنبلند" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornblend" title="Hornblend – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hornblend" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornblenda" title="Hornblenda – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hornblenda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibolgruppe#Calcium-Amphibole" title="Amphibolgruppe – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Amphibolgruppe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BC%C3%BCnekivi" title="Küünekivi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Küünekivi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B2%CE%B7" title="Κεροστίλβη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κεροστίλβη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornblenda" title="Hornblenda – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hornblenda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornblendo" title="Hornblendo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hornblendo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornblenda" title="Hornblenda – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hornblenda" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="هورنبلاند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هورنبلاند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornblende" title="Hornblende – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hornblende" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornblenda" title="Hornblenda – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hornblenda" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%A2%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A4" title="Հոռնբլենդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հոռնբլենդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="हार्नब्लेंड – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हार्नब्लेंड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornblendo" title="Hornblendo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hornblendo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornblende" title="Hornblende – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hornblende" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornblendi" title="Hornblendi – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hornblendi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orneblenda" title="Orneblenda – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Orneblenda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%94" title="הורנבלנדה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הורנבלנדה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A7%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="რქატყუარა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რქატყუარა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Роговая обманка – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Роговая обманка" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoornblende" title="Hoornblende – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hoornblende" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%A7%92%E9%96%83%E7%9F%B3" title="普通角閃石 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="普通角閃石" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornblende" title="Hornblende – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hornblende" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornblenda" title="Hornblenda – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hornblenda" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horneblenda" title="Horneblenda – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Horneblenda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornblend%C4%83" title="Hornblendă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hornblendă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Роговая обманка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Роговая обманка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornblende" title="Hornblende – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hornblende" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogova%C4%8Da" title="Rogovača – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rogovača" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Хорнбленда – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хорнбленда" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarviv%C3%A4lke" title="Sarvivälke – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sarvivälke" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbl%C3%A4nde" title="Hornblände – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hornblände" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Рогова обманка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рогова обманка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornblend" title="Hornblend – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hornblend" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1057300#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color:black; background-color: #8BAFDA">Hornblende</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Apatite-(CaOH)-Hornblende-38354.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Apatite-%28CaOH%29-Hornblende-38354.jpg/220px-Apatite-%28CaOH%29-Hornblende-38354.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Apatite-%28CaOH%29-Hornblende-38354.jpg/330px-Apatite-%28CaOH%29-Hornblende-38354.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Apatite-%28CaOH%29-Hornblende-38354.jpg/440px-Apatite-%28CaOH%29-Hornblende-38354.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Hornblende crystal (dark green) about 35 mm long, with <a href="/wiki/Apatite" title="Apatite">apatite</a> (white)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color: #8BAFDA">General</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Category</th><td class="infobox-data">Silicate mineral</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Formula</a><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(repeating unit)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1123817410">.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}</style><span class="chemf nowrap">Ca<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>(Mg,Fe,Al)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">5</sub>(Al,Si)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">8</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">22</sub>(OH)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mineral_symbols" title="List of mineral symbols">IMA symbol</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Hbl<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_system" title="Crystal system">Crystal system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monoclinic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoclinic">Monoclinic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Space_group" title="Space group">Space group</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>C2/m</i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color: #8BAFDA">Identification</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Color</th><td class="infobox-data">Black to dark green or brown</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_habit" title="Crystal habit">Crystal habit</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Hexagonal/granular</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cleavage_(crystal)" title="Cleavage (crystal)">Cleavage</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Imperfect at 56° and 124°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fracture_(mineralogy)" title="Fracture (mineralogy)">Fracture</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Uneven</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mohs_scale_of_mineral_hardness" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohs scale of mineral hardness">Mohs scale</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">hardness</span></th><td class="infobox-data">5–6</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Lustre_(mineralogy)" title="Lustre (mineralogy)">Luster</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Vitreous to dull</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Streak_(mineralogy)" title="Streak (mineralogy)">Streak</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Pale gray, gray-white,<sup id="cite_ref-mindatFe_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mindatFe-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mindatMg_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mindatMg-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> white, colorless<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Specific_gravity" class="mw-redirect" title="Specific gravity">Specific gravity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2.9</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Pleochroism" title="Pleochroism">Pleochroism</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Strong</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">References</th><td class="infobox-data"><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hornblende</b> is a complex <a href="/wiki/Silicate_minerals#Inosilicates" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicate minerals">inosilicate</a> series of <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">minerals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is not a recognized mineral in its own right, but the name is used as a general or field term, to refer to a dark <a href="/wiki/Amphibole" title="Amphibole">amphibole</a>. Hornblende minerals are common in <a href="/wiki/Igneous_rock" title="Igneous rock">igneous</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metamorphic_rock" title="Metamorphic rock">metamorphic rocks</a>. </p><p>The general formula is <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">(Ca,Na)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2−3</sub>(Mg,Fe,Al)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">5</sub>(Al,Si)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">8</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">22</sub>(OH,F)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physical_properties">Physical properties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hornblende&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Physical properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hornblende has a <a href="/wiki/Mohs_scale_of_mineral_hardness" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohs scale of mineral hardness">hardness</a> of 5–6, a <a href="/wiki/Specific_gravity" class="mw-redirect" title="Specific gravity">specific gravity</a> of 3.0 to 3.6, and is typically an opaque green, dark green, brown, or black color. It tends to form slender prismatic to bladed crystals, diamond-shaped in cross section, or is present as irregular grains or fibrous masses.<sup id="cite_ref-Nesse2000_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nesse2000-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Its planes of <a href="/wiki/Cleavage_(crystal)" title="Cleavage (crystal)">cleavage</a> intersect at 56° and 124° angles. Hornblende is most often confused with the <a href="/wiki/Pyroxene" title="Pyroxene">pyroxene</a> series and <a href="/wiki/Biotite" title="Biotite">biotite mica</a>, which are also dark minerals found in <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charnockite" title="Charnockite">charnockite</a>. Pyroxenes differ in their cleavage planes, which intersect at 87° and 93°.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hornblende is an inosilicate (chain silicate) mineral, built around double chains of silica tetrahedra. These chains extend the length of the crystal and are bonded to their neighbors by additional metal ions to form the complete crystal structure.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENesse2000277–279_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENesse2000277–279-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Compositional_variances">Compositional variances</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hornblende&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Compositional variances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hornblende is part of the calcium-amphibole group of amphibole minerals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENesse2000278_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENesse2000278-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is highly variable in composition, and includes at least five solid solution series: </p> <ul><li>Magnesiohornblende–ferrohornblende, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Ca<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>[(Mg,Fe)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>Al]Si<sub class="template-chem2-sub">7</sub>AlO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">22</sub>(OH)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tschermakite" title="Tschermakite">Tschermakite</a>–ferrotschermakite, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Ca<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>[(Mg,Fe)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>Al<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>]Si<sub class="template-chem2-sub">6</sub>Al<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">22</sub>(OH)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edenite" title="Edenite">Edenite</a>–ferroedenite, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">NaCa<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>(Mg,Fe)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">5</sub>Si<sub class="template-chem2-sub">7</sub>AlO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">22</sub>(OH)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pargasite" title="Pargasite">Pargasite</a>–ferropargasite, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">NaCa<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>[(Mg,Fe)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>Al]Si<sub class="template-chem2-sub">6</sub>Al<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">22</sub>(OH)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></li> <li>Magnesiohastingstite–<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hastingsite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hastingsite (page does not exist)">hastingsite</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">NaCa<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>[(Mg,Fe)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>Fe<sup class="template-chem2-sup">3+</sup>]Si<sub class="template-chem2-sub">6</sub>Al<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">22</sub>(OH)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></li></ul> <p>In addition, <a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">titanium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">chromium</a> can substitute for some of the cations and oxygen, <a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">fluorine</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">chlorine</a> for some of the <a href="/wiki/Hydroxide" title="Hydroxide">hydroxide</a> (OH). The different chemical types are almost impossible to distinguish even by optical or X-ray methods, and detailed chemical analysis using an electron microprobe is required.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENesse2000285_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENesse2000285-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is a solid solution series between hornblende and the closely related amphibole minerals, <a href="/wiki/Tremolite" title="Tremolite">tremolite</a>–<a href="/wiki/Actinolite" title="Actinolite">actinolite</a>, at elevated temperature. A <a href="/wiki/Miscibility_gap" title="Miscibility gap">miscibility gap</a> exists at lower temperatures, and, as a result, hornblende often contains exsolution lamellae of <a href="/wiki/Grunerite" title="Grunerite">grunerite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occurrence">Occurrence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hornblende&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Occurrence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Horndio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Horndio.jpg/220px-Horndio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Horndio.jpg/330px-Horndio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Horndio.jpg/440px-Horndio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Hornblende <a href="/wiki/Diorite" title="Diorite">diorite</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Henry_Mountains" title="Henry Mountains">Henry Mountains</a>, Utah, US</figcaption></figure> <p>Hornblende is a common constituent of many <a href="/wiki/Igneous_rock" title="Igneous rock">igneous</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metamorphic_rocks" class="mw-redirect" title="Metamorphic rocks">metamorphic rocks</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syenite" title="Syenite">syenite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diorite" title="Diorite">diorite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabbro" title="Gabbro">gabbro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basalt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andesite" title="Andesite">andesite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gneiss" title="Gneiss">gneiss</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Schist" title="Schist">schist</a>. It crystallizes in preference to pyroxene minerals from cooler magma that is richer in silica and water.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENesse2000279_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENesse2000279-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is the principal mineral of <a href="/wiki/Amphibolite" title="Amphibolite">amphibolites</a>, which form during medium- to high-grade <a href="/wiki/Metamorphism" title="Metamorphism">metamorphism</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mafic" title="Mafic">mafic</a> to <a href="/wiki/Intermediate_composition" title="Intermediate composition">intermediate</a> igneous rock (igneous rocks with relative low silica content) in the presence of pore water. Much of the pore water comes from the breakdown of <a href="/wiki/Mica" title="Mica">micas</a> or other hydrous minerals. However, hornblende itself breaks down at very high temperatures.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENesse2000279_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENesse2000279-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hornblende alters easily to <a href="/wiki/Chlorite_group" title="Chlorite group">chlorite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biotite" title="Biotite">biotite</a>, or other mafic minerals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENesse2000286_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENesse2000286-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A rare variety of hornblende contains less than 5% of <a href="/wiki/Iron_oxide" title="Iron oxide">iron oxide</a>, is gray to white in color, and is named <a href="/wiki/Edenite" title="Edenite">edenite</a> from its locality in Edenville, <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_New_York" title="Orange County, New York">Orange County, New York</a>. </p><p><i>Oxyhornblende</i> is a variety in which most of the iron has been oxidized to the <a href="/wiki/Ferric" title="Ferric">ferric</a> state, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Fe<sup class="template-chem2-sup">3+</sup></span>. Charge balance is preserved by the substitution of oxygen ions for hydroxide. Oxyhornblende is also typically enriched in titanium. It is found almost exclusively in volcanic rock and is sometimes called <i>basaltic hornblende</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENesse2000285–286_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENesse2000285–286-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hornblende&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>hornblende</i> is derived from <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Horn</i></span> ('horn') and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">blende</i></span> ('deceive'), in allusion to its similar appearance to metal-bearing ore minerals.<sup id="cite_ref-HBM_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBM-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hornblende&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minerals" title="List of minerals">List of minerals</a> – List of minerals with Wikipedia articles</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hornblende&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hornblende" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hornblende">Hornblende</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWarr2021" class="citation journal cs1">Warr, L.N. 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(2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.handbookofmineralogy.org/pdfs/ferrohornblende.pdf">"Ferrohornblende"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Handbook of Mineralogy</i>. Mineral Data Publishing. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110822184146/http://www.handbookofmineralogy.org/pdfs/ferrohornblende.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2011-08-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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