¿Existe una relación entre el consumo de alcohol y el cáncer?

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<li><a href="/es-us/support-with-drinking">Apoyo con el consumo de alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/es-us/about-alcohol">Acerca del alcohol</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </header>  <main role="main" id="main-content-wrapper" class="main-content-wrapper pilot " data-polltype="motivation"> <div class="article-detail"> <section class="article-title-section bg-primary-blue-01 text-white "> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-7 col-md-10 offset-md-1 col-12"> <div class="article-detail-content pt-32"> <span class="icon-back-icon-button"></span> <a href="/es-us/drinking-and-your-body" class="text-white breadcrumb" aria-label="Ver respuesta anterior">Ver respuesta anterior</a> <p class="article-category pt-40 pb-8 mb-0 tag"> La bebida y su cuerpo </p> <div class="article-detail-title"> <h1 class="article-item-title" data-id="{8575C2FC-0AD0-4FC3-A4A4-17F0D6585E9D}" data-title='¿Existe una relación entre el consumo de alcohol y el cáncer?'>¿Existe una relación entre el consumo de alcohol y el cáncer?</h1> </div> <p class="article-detai-description p-md_2-b pb-32 mb-0"> Esta es la forma en que el consumo del alcohol puede ser un factor de riesgo para padecer cáncer </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="secondary-banner position-relative"> <div class="banner__image-wrapper"> <picture> <source data-srcset="/~/media/Images/D/drinkiq/Universal/pilot-banner-images/drinking-and-your-body/link-between-drinking-and-cancer.webp" media="(min-width: 320px)"/> <source data-srcset="/~/media/Images/D/drinkiq/Universal/pilot-banner-images/drinking-and-your-body/link-between-drinking-and-cancer.webp" media="(min-width: 991px)"/> <img class="banner__image w-100" src="/~/media/Images/D/drinkiq/Universal/pilot-banner-images/drinking-and-your-body/link-between-drinking-and-cancer.webp" alt="¿Existe una relación entre el consumo de alcohol y el cáncer?" /> <noscript> <img class="banner__image w-100" src="/~/media/Images/D/drinkiq/Universal/pilot-banner-images/drinking-and-your-body/link-between-drinking-and-cancer.webp" alt="¿Existe una relación entre el consumo de alcohol y el cáncer?" /> </noscript> </picture></div> <div class="share-icons d-inline-flex position-absolute"> <a href="javascript:;" class="share-on-facebook icon icon-facebook d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center" aria-label="share on Facebook"></a> <a href="javascript:;" class="share-on-email icon icon-email d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center" aria-label="Share on mail"></a> <a href="javascript:;" class="share-on-whatsapp icon icon-whatsapp d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center" aria-label="Share on whatsapp"></a> </div> </section> <section class="configurable-text p-md_1-b p-md_1-t "> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-7 offset-md-1 col-md-10 col-12"> <div class="configurable-text__wrapper"> <div class="configurable-text__content rte" data-animate data-animation="fade-in"><p>El cáncer es una enfermedad compleja que tiene muchas causas y en la que influyen muchos factores <a href="#refs1"><sup>(1)</sup></a>. Uno de estos es el consumo de alcohol, ya sea cerveza, vino o licores y destilados. Existen muchos factores de riesgo para el cáncer que no se pueden cambiar, como la genética, el historial familiar, la edad, la complexión, así como algunos factores ambientales como la radiación y las infecciones virales<a href="#refs2"><sup>(2)</sup></a>.</p> <p>Algunos factores del estilo de vida también cumplen un papel importante y pueden modificarse para disminuir el riesgo <a href="#refs2"><sup>(2)</sup></a>. El tabaquismo es el factor de riesgo más significativo del estilo de vida para la mayoría de los tipos de cáncer <a href="#refs3"><sup>(3)</sup></a>. La forma en que bebe y la frecuencia también pueden influir en su riesgo de cáncer <a href="#refs4"><sup>(4)</sup></a>.</p> <p>Algunos estudios de investigación han demostrado que el consumo excesivo de alcohol es un factor de riesgo para el cáncer de boca, garganta y laringe, o bien, para el cáncer en la parte superior del sistema digestivo <a href="#refs5"><sup>(5, 6, 7)</sup></a>. Esto es cierto en especial para personas que también fuman o utilizan productos con tabaco <a href="#refs7"><sup>(7, 8, 9)</sup></a>. El riesgo de desarrollar estos tipos de cáncer es el mismo para hombres y mujeres sin importar si beben cerveza, vino o licores <a href="#refs4"><sup>(4, 7)</sup></a>.</p> <ul> <li> Las personas que consumen alcohol en exceso también tienen un alto riesgo de desarrollar cáncer de hígado <a href="#refs5"><sup>(5, 10)</sup></a>. La cirrosis hepática, como resultado de un consumo excesivo y prolongado de alcohol, se ha relacionado con el desarrollo de cáncer de hígado. Otros factores de riesgo independientes incluyen el tabaquismo<a href="#refs11"><sup>(11)</sup></a> y la obesidad <a href="#refs12"><sup>(12, 13)</sup></a>, así como la infección de hepatitis B <a href="#refs10"><sup>(10)</sup></a>.</li> <li>El consumo excesivo de alcohol aumenta el riesgo de padecer cáncer colorrectal <a href="#refs4"><sup>(4, 5, 14)</sup></a>. Algunos estudios han reportado el aumento del riesgo de cáncer colorrectal en niveles moderados de consumo de alcohol <a href="#refs15"><sup>(15, 16)</sup></a>, en especial en los hombres <a href="#refs17"><sup>(17)</sup></a>. </li> <li>Algunos estudios de investigación también han encontrado que el riesgo de cáncer de mama aumenta para las mujeres que consumen alcohol con moderación <a href="#refs5"><sup>(5)</sup></a>. En comparación con mujeres que no consumen alcohol, el <a href="/es-us/drinking-and-your-body/understanding-absolute-and-relative-risk-with-alcohol">riesgo relativo</a> a desarrollar cáncer de mama aumenta para las mujeres que beben. Sin embargo, para determinar el aumento del riesgo real, también es importante conocer cuál es el <a href="/es-us/drinking-and-your-body/understanding-absolute-and-relative-risk-with-alcohol">riesgo absoluto</a> de desarrollar cáncer de mama.</li> <li>El consumo de alcohol mayor a 15 gramos al día (un trago estándar en Mexico contiene 13g de alcohol, lo que representa una lata de cerveza, una copa de vino o un caballito de cualquier destilado) es un factor de riesgo para el cáncer de mama. Fuente: <a href="#refs5">(5)</a></li> </ul> <p>Comparado con no beber en lo absoluto:</p> <ul> <li>Beber hasta 12.5 gramos de alcohol por día -o, como un trago estándar en Estados Unidos contiene 14g de etanol, el equivalente a 0.89 tragos- incrementa en 4% el riesgo relativo de contraer cáncer de seno en las mujeres. Esto significa que, con este nivel de consumo de alcohol, el riesgo absoluto incrementa de 13% a 13.5%.</li> <li>Beber entre 12.5 y 50 gramos de alcohol por día, o entre 0.89 y 3.57 tragos estándares en Estados Unidos, incrementa en 23% el riesgo relativo de contraer cáncer de seno en las mujeres. Por lo tanto, con este nivel de consumo de alcohol, el riesgo absoluto incrementa de 13% a 15.7%.</li> <li>Beber más de 50 gramos de alcohol por día, o más de tres y medio tragos estándares en Estados Unidos, incrementa en 61% el riesgo relativo de contraer cáncer de seno en las mujeres. Por lo tanto, con este nivel de consumo de alcohol, el riesgo absoluto incrementa de 13% a 20.1%.<a href="#refs5"><sup>(5)</sup></a></li> </ul> <p>La relación entre el consumo de alcohol y el cáncer de mama depende de cuánto beba la mujer y aumenta si el consumo es excesivo. Existen otros factores que influyen en el riesgo del cáncer de mama, como la obesidad, el historial reproductivo, si fuma o si ha habido casos de cáncer de mama en la familia inmediata <a href="#refs2"><sup>(2, 18, 19)</sup></a>.</p> <p>Los factores de riesgo de cáncer reaccionan entre sí y la forma en que esto sucede es diferente en cada persona <a href="#refs1"><sup>(1)</sup></a>. Los nuevos enfoques de los tratamientos cada vez usan más estas diferencias para crear regímenes individualizados que se adaptan a cada paciente <a href="#refs20"><sup>(20)</sup></a>.</p> <p>Algunos cambios en el estilo de vida pueden ayudar a disminuir el riesgo de cáncer de mama, como mantener su consumo de alcohol dentro de las recomendaciones <a href="/es-us/about-alcohol/what-are-drinking-guidelines-and-why-are-they-important">del gobierno</a> . Para algunas personas es mejor no consumir alcohol en lo absoluto. Sin embargo, para responder sus preguntas específicas y obtener la mejor asesoría de acuerdo a sus circunstancias, debe hablar con un profesional de la salud para que lo ayude a tomar una decisión informada acerca de su consumo de alcohol.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="link-box p-md_1-b p-md_1-t pt-0 "> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-7 col-md-10 offset-md-1"> <div class="link-box__wrapper"> <a class="link-box__link-wrapper bg-primary-grey-03 " href='https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/alcohol/hoja-informativa-alcohol' target='_blank' title='Abre en una nueva ventana' data-linktype='external'> <div class="link-box__image-wrapper position-relative"> <div class="icon icon-external-link d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center text-white bg-primary-blue-01"></div> </div> <div class="link-box__content-wrapper p-sm_2 position-relative"> <h4 class="mb-12 text-primary-black-01"> Alcohol y el riesgo de cáncer</h4> <div class="link-box__content-details sm-body "> <span class="text-primary-blue-01">https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/</span> </div> <i class="cta cta-round"></i> <div class="icon icon-external-link text-primary-blue-01 position-absolute"></div> </div> </a> <a class="link-box__link-wrapper bg-primary-grey-03 " href='https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/' target='_blank' title='Abre en una nueva ventana' data-linktype='external'> <div class="link-box__image-wrapper position-relative"> <div class="icon icon-external-link d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center text-white bg-primary-blue-01"></div> </div> <div class="link-box__content-wrapper p-sm_2 position-relative"> <h4 class="mb-12 text-primary-black-01"> US Dietary Guidelines</h4> <div class="link-box__content-details sm-body "> <span class="text-primary-blue-01">https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/</span> </div> <i class="cta cta-round"></i> <div class="icon icon-external-link text-primary-blue-01 position-absolute"></div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="feedback-container "> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-10 col-lg-7 offset-md-1 col-12"> <div id="feedbackApp" class="feedback-options column-start-1 column-end-13"> <div class="feedback-inner align-items-center d-flex justify-content-between" v-if="!feedbackGiven"> <div class="feedback-text"> <p class="m-0">¿Encontraste este artículo útil?</p> </div> <div class="feedback-right d-flex"> <a href="javascript:;" class="feedback-btn yes" :class="{ active: activeButton === 'yes' }" @click="handleYesClick"> Sí </a> <a href="javascript:;" class="feedback-btn no" :class="{ active: activeButton === 'no' }" @click="handleNoClick"> No </a> </div> </div> <div class="feedback-thankyou" v-if="showThankYou" :class="{ 'fade-in': showThankYouAnimation }"> <p class="m-0">¡Gracias por tu respuesta!</p> </div> <div class="feedback-form" v-if="showForm" :class="{ 'fade-in': showFormAnimation }"> <form class="contact-form" enctype="multipart/form-data" id="contact-form" method="post" @submit.prevent="submitForm"> <div class="contact-us__form"> <p>Gracias por tu opinión. Por favor, cuéntanos por qué no encontraste este artículo útil.</p>  <div class="contact-us__fields d-flex flex-column"> <div class="form-field message"> <div class="form-group-field"> <textarea v-model="formData.feedback" class="form-control w-100" id="feedback" maxlength="250" name="feedback" rows="3" autocomplete="off"></textarea> </div> <div class="form-group-validation feedback">{{ messageError }}</div> </div> <div class="form-field recaptcha"> <div class="form-group-field"> <div class="g-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LcRE1cUAAAAADS8nuqwJCT7rrINZkgqQ3AVvgkC"></div>  <span class="alert alert-danger form-field__message body-sm" v-if="recaptchaError">{{ recaptchaError }}</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="form-group button_wrapper"> <div class="submit-btn--group text-end"> <input class="cta" type="submit" id="webformmvcsubmit" value="Submit" :disabled="isSubmitDisabled" style="text-indent: 0px;"> </div> </div>  </div> </form> </div> <div v-if="submissionSuccess" class="success-message"> <p>Your message has been successfully submitted. Thank you!</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <section class="pilot-accordion p-md_1-b p-md_1-t pt-0 pb-0"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-12 col-md-10"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 col-lg-8 col-12"> <div class="pilot-accordion-item column-start-1 column-end-13"> <div class="pilot-accordion-heading accordion-heading-js p-sm_2-t p-sm_2-b"> <p class="pilot-accordion-title h5 m-0 ">References</p> <span class="pilot-accordion-icon accordion-icon-js"> <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" fill="#2314a7" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M11 9H20V11H11V20H9V11H0V9H9V0H11V9Z"></path></svg> </span> </div> <div class="pilot-accordion-content accordion-content-js p-sm_2-b"><ol> <li><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="Article_typography_link__s55T6">National Cancer Institute (NCI). Risk factors for cancer. 2015; Available from:</a></li> <li>World Cancer Research Fund International (WCRFI), Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Cancer: a Global Perspective. . 2018, WCRFI: London.</li> <li>Sasco, A.J., M.B. Secretan, and K. Straif, Tobacco smoking and cancer: a brief review of recent epidemiological evidence. Lung Cancer, 2004. 45 Suppl 2: p. S3-9.</li> <li> International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Alcohol Consumption and Ethyl Carbamate, in IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans. 2010, IARC: Lyon.</li> <li> Bagnardi, V., et al., Alcohol consumption and site-specific cancer risk: a comprehensive dose-response meta-analysis. Br J Cancer, 2015. 112(3): p. 580-93.</li> <li> de Menezes, R.F., A. Bergmann, and L.C. Thuler, Alcohol consumption and risk of cancer: a systematic literature review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2013. 14(9): p. 4965-72.</li> <li> Turati, F., W. Garavello, I. Tramacere, V. Bagnardi, M. Rota, L. Scotti, F. Islami, G. Corrao, P. Boffetta, C. La Vecchia and E. Negri (2010). "A meta-analysis of alcohol drinking and oral and pharyngeal cancers. Part 2: results by subsites." Oral Oncol 46(10): 720-726.</li> <li> Pelucchi, C., S. Gallus, W. Garavello, C. Bosetti and C. La Vecchia (2008). "Alcohol and tobacco use, and cancer risk for upper aerodigestive tract and liver." Eur J Cancer Prev 17(4): 340-344.</li> <li> Hashibe, M., et al., Interaction between tobacco and alcohol use and the risk of head and neck cancer: pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2009. 18(2): p. 541-50.</li> <li> Zakhari, S., Chronic alcohol drinking: Liver and pancreatic cancer? Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol, 2015. 39 Suppl 1: p. S86-91.</li> <li> Baecker, A., X. Liu, C. La Vecchia and Z. F. Zhang (2018). "Worldwide incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma cases attributable to major risk factors." Eur J Cancer Prev 27(3): 205-212.</li> <li> Vanni, E. and E. Bugianesi (2014). "Obesity and liver cancer." Clin Liver Dis 18(1): 191-203.</li> <li> Marengo, A., C. Rosso and E. Bugianesi (2016). "Liver Cancer: Connections with Obesity, Fatty Liver, and Cirrhosis." Annu Rev Med 67: 103-117.</li> <li> Cai, S., et al., Alcohol drinking and the risk of colorectal cancer death: a meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer Prev, 2014. 23(6): p. 532-9.</li> <li> Vieira, A. R., L. Abar, D. S. M. Chan, S. Vingeliene, E. Polemiti, C. Stevens, D. Greenwood and T. Norat (2017). "Foods and beverages and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies, an update of the evidence of the WCRF-AICR Continuous Update Project." Ann Oncol 28(8): 1788-1802.</li> <li> Rossi, M., M. Jahanzaib Anwar, A. Usman, A. Keshavarzian and F. Bishehsari (2018). "Colorectal Cancer and Alcohol Consumption-Populations to Molecules." Cancers (Basel) 10(2).</li> <li> Choi, Y. J., S. K. Myung and J. H. Lee (2018). "Light Alcohol Drinking and Risk of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies." Cancer Res Treat 50(2): 474-487.</li> <li> Rojas, K. and A. Stuckey, Breast Cancer Epidemiology and Risk Factors. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 2016. 59(4): p. 651-672.</li> <li> Tamimi, R.M., et al., Population Attributable Risk of Modifiable and Nonmodifiable Breast Cancer Risk Factors in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer. Am J Epidemiol, 2016. 184(12): p. 884-893.</li> <li> American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), AACR Cancer Progress Report 2019: Transforming Lives Through Innovative Cancer Science. 2019, AACR: Philadelphia, PA.</li> </ol></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="question-outer p-md_1-b p-md_1-t pb-0"> <div class="que"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-md-10 col-12"> <h2 class="mb-32"> ¿Le preocupan los efectos del consumo de alcohol?</h2> <div class="question d-md-flex align-items-center text-white bg-primary-blue-03"> <div class="question__wrapper d-md-flex flex-column justify-content-center flex-grow-1"> <h2 class="question__title m-sm_2-b" data-animate data-animation="fade-in">Ya sea que se trate de usted o de alguien más, realice una evaluación sobre su consumo de alcohol para identificar posibles riesgos.</h2> <p class="question__description mb-0">Tomar el test</p> </div> <div class="question__link d-flex justify-content-end"> <a href=/es-us/audit data-linktype='internal' class="cta--pilot" role="button" aria-label=' ¿Le preocupan los efectos del consumo de alcohol?'> <span class="cta-question icon icon-chevron-right d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="question-outer p-md_1-b p-md_1-t pb-0"> <div class="que"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-md-10 col-12"> <div class="question d-md-flex align-items-center text-white bg-primary-blue-03"> <div class="question__wrapper d-md-flex flex-column justify-content-center flex-grow-1"> <h2 class="question__title m-sm_2-b" data-animate data-animation="fade-in">Si usted o alguien más tiene un problema con el consumo de alcohol, nuestra lista de redes de apoyo es un buen lugar para comenzar.</h2> <p class="question__description mb-0">Obtener ayuda ahora</p> </div> <div 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