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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th" class=""><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA+%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ" class=""><span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA+%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือส่วนตัว</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="เมนูผู้ใช้" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th"><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA+%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA+%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> หน้าสำหรับผู้แก้ไขที่ออกจากระบบ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3" aria-label="เรียนรู้เพิ่มเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไข"><span>เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติม</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="รายการการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ส่วนร่วม</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>คุย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="สารบัญ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">สารบัญ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">บทนำ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-อ้างอิง" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#อ้างอิง"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>อ้างอิง</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-อ้างอิง-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-หมายเหตุ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#หมายเหตุ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>หมายเหตุ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-หมายเหตุ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-อ้างอิง_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#อ้างอิง_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>อ้างอิง</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-อ้างอิง_2-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle อ้างอิง subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-อ้างอิง_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-บรรณานุกรม" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#บรรณานุกรม"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>บรรณานุกรม</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-บรรณานุกรม-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="สารบัญ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ปาทริส ลูมูมบา</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ไปที่บทความในภาษาอื่น ซึ่งมีใน 93 ภาษา" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-93" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">93 ภาษา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – แอฟริกานส์" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="แอฟริกานส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="باتريس لومومبا – อาหรับ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="باتريس لومومبا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="อาหรับ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="باتريس لومومبا – อาหรับพื้นเมืองอียิปต์" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="باتريس لومومبا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="อาหรับพื้นเมืองอียิปต์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – อัสตูเรียส" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="อัสตูเรียส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patris_Lumumba" title="Patris Lumumba – อาเซอร์ไบจาน" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Patris Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="อาเซอร์ไบจาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="پاتریک لومومبا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پاتریک لومومبا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – บาหลี" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="บาหลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Патрыс Лумумба – เบลารุส" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Патрыс Лумумба" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="เบลารุส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Патрис Лумумба – บัลแกเรีย" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Патрис Лумумба" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="บัลแกเรีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE" title="পাত্রিস লুমুম্বা – บังกลา" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পাত্রিস লুমুম্বা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="บังกลา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%95%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9F%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8D" title="ཕ་ཁྲི་རི་ཟེ་ལི་མིན་བ། – ทิเบต" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཕ་ཁྲི་རི་ཟེ་ལི་མིན་བ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="ทิเบต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – เบรตัน" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="เบรตัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – คาตาลัน" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="คาตาลัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="پاتریس لومومبا – เคิร์ดตอนกลาง" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پاتریس لومومبا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="เคิร์ดตอนกลาง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – เช็ก" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="เช็ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – เดนมาร์ก" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="เดนมาร์ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – เยอรมัน" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%82_%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B1" title="Πατρίς Λουμούμπα – กรีก" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πατρίς Λουμούμπα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="กรีก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – อังกฤษ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – เอสเปรันโต" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="เอสเปรันโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – สเปน" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="สเปน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – เอสโตเนีย" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="เอสโตเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – บาสก์" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="บาสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="پاتریس لومومبا – เปอร์เซีย" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پاتریس لومومبا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="เปอร์เซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – ฟินแลนด์" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ฟินแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – ฝรั่งเศส" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ฝรั่งเศส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – กาลิเซีย" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="กาลิเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – เฮาซา" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="เฮาซา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%94" title="פטריס לומומבה – ฮิบรู" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פטריס לומומבה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ฮิบรู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE" title="पैट्रिस लुंबा – ฮินดี" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पैट्रिस लुंबा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ฮินดี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – โครเอเชีย" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – เฮติครีโอล" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="เฮติครีโอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – ฮังการี" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ฮังการี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BD_%D4%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%A1" title="Պատրիս Լումումբա – อาร์เมเนีย" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պատրիս Լումումբա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="อาร์เมเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – อินโดนีเซีย" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="อินโดนีเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – อีโด" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="อีโด" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – ไอซ์แลนด์" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ไอซ์แลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – อิตาลี" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="อิตาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A0%E3%83%B3%E3%83%90" title="パトリス・ルムンバ – ญี่ปุ่น" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パトリス・ルムンバ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ญี่ปุ่น" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – ชวา" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ชวา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="პატრის ლუმუმბა – จอร์เจีย" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პატრის ლუმუმბა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="จอร์เจีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Патрис Лумумба – คาซัค" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Патрис Лумумба" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="คาซัค" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4_%EB%A3%A8%EB%AD%84%EB%B0%94" title="파트리스 루뭄바 – เกาหลี" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파트리스 루뭄바" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="เกาหลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – เคิร์ด" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="เคิร์ด" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Патрис Лумумба – คีร์กีซ" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Патрис Лумумба" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="คีร์กีซ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricius_Lumumba" title="Patricius Lumumba – ละติน" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Patricius Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ละติน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – ลักเซมเบิร์ก" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ลักเซมเบิร์ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – ลิงกาลา" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="ลิงกาลา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patris_Lumumba" title="Patris Lumumba – ลิทัวเนีย" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Patris Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ลิทัวเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriss_Lumumba" title="Patriss Lumumba – ลัตเวีย" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Patriss Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ลัตเวีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – มาลากาซี" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="มาลากาซี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Патрис Лумумба – มาซิโดเนีย" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Патрис Лумумба" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="มาซิโดเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC" title="പാട്രിസ് ലുമുംബ – มาลายาลัม" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പാട്രിസ് ലുമുംബ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="มาลายาลัม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE" title="पॅट्रिस लुमुम्बा – มราฐี" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पॅट्रिस लुमुम्बा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="มราฐี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – มาเลย์" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="มาเลย์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="پاتریس لومومبا – มาซันดารานี" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پاتریس لومومبا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="มาซันดารานี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – ดัตช์" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ดัตช์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%94%DF%8A%DF%AC%DF%95%DF%99%DF%8C%DF%9B_%DF%9F%DF%8E%DF%A1%DF%8E%DF%B2%DF%93%DF%8A%DF%AB" title="ߔߊ߬ߕߙߌߛ ߟߎߡߎ߲ߓߊ߫ – เอ็นโก" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߔߊ߬ߕߙߌߛ ߟߎߡߎ߲ߓߊ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="เอ็นโก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nr mw-list-item"><a href="https://nr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – เอ็นเดเบเลใต้" lang="nr" hreflang="nr" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="IsiNdebele seSewula" data-language-local-name="เอ็นเดเบเลใต้" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiNdebele seSewula</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%82%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਪੈਤਰਿਸ ਲਮੂੰਬਾ – ปัญจาบ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੈਤਰਿਸ ਲਮੂੰਬਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="ปัญจาบ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – โปแลนด์" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="โปแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="پطرس لوممبا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پطرس لوممبا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="پتریس لومومبا – พัชโต" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پتریس لومومبا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="พัชโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – โปรตุเกส" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="โปรตุเกส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – โรมาเนีย" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="โรมาเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0,_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Лумумба, Патрис – รัสเซีย" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лумумба, Патрис" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="รัสเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – รวันดา" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="รวันดา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – สโลวัก" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="สโลวัก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – สโลวีเนีย" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="สโลวีเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – โซมาลี" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="โซมาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Патрис Лумумба – เซอร์เบีย" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Патрис Лумумба" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="เซอร์เบีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – สวาติ" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="สวาติ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – สวีเดน" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="สวีเดน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – สวาฮีลี" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="สวาฮีลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE" title="பத்திரிசு லுமும்பா – ทมิฬ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பத்திரிசு லுமும்பா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ทมิฬ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BE" title="ప్యాట్రిస్ లుముంబా – เตลูกู" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ప్యాట్రిస్ లుముంబా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="เตลูกู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – ตากาล็อก" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ตากาล็อก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – ตุรกี" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ตุรกี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Патрис Лумумба – ตาตาร์" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Патрис Лумумба" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ตาตาร์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Патріс Лумумба – ยูเครน" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Патріс Лумумба" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ยูเครน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="پیٹرائیس لومومبا – อูรดู" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پیٹرائیس لومومبا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="อูรดู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – เวียดนาม" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="เวียดนาม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – วอลลูน" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="วอลลูน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – วาเรย์" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="วาเรย์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E8%92%99%E5%B7%B4" title="帕特里斯·卢蒙巴 – จีนอู๋" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="帕特里斯·卢蒙巴" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="จีนอู๋" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="პატრის ლუმუმბა – เมเกรเลีย" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პატრის ლუმუმბა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="เมเกรเลีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – โยรูบา" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="โยรูบา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E8%92%99%E5%B7%B4" title="帕特里斯·卢蒙巴 – จีน" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="帕特里斯·卢蒙巴" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="จีน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q161672#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="แก้ไขลิงก์ข้ามภาษา" class="wbc-editpage">แก้ไขลิงก์</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="เนมสเปซ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2" title="ดูหน้าเนื้อหา [c]" accesskey="c"><span>บทความ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับหน้าเนื้อหา (ไม่มีหน้านี้) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>อภิปราย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เปลี่ยนรูปแบบภาษา" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ไทย</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ดู"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2"><span>อ่าน</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2&action=edit" title="แก้ไขรหัสต้นฉบับของหน้านี้ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>แก้ไข</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2&action=history" title="แก้ไขเก่าของหน้านี้ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>ดูประวัติ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">เครื่องมือ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> การกระทำ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2"><span>อ่าน</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2&action=edit" title="แก้ไขรหัสต้นฉบับของหน้านี้ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>แก้ไข</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2&action=history"><span>ดูประวัติ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ทั่วไป </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2" title="รายการหน้าวิกิทุกหน้าที่ลิงก์มาที่นี่ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>หน้าที่ลิงก์มา</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2" rel="nofollow" title="รายการเปลี่ยนแปลงล่าสุดในหน้าที่ลิงก์จากหน้านี้ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>การเปลี่ยนแปลงที่เกี่ยวโยง</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94" title="อัปโหลดไฟล์ [u]" accesskey="u"><span>อัปโหลดไฟล์</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9" title="รายการหน้าพิเศษทั้งหมด [q]" accesskey="q"><span>หน้าพิเศษ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2&oldid=11889619" title="ลิงก์ถาวรมารุ่นนี้ของหน้านี้"><span>ลิงก์ถาวร</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2&action=info" title="ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับหน้านี้"><span>สารสนเทศหน้า</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87&page=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2&id=11889619&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="สารสนเทศเกี่ยวกับวิธีการอ้างอิงหน้านี้"><span>อ้างอิงบทความนี้</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%25AA_%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25B9%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%25B9%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%25B2"><span>รับยูอาร์แอลแบบสั้น</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%25AA_%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25B9%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%25B9%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%25B2"><span>ดาวน์โหลดคิวอาร์โค้ด</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> พิมพ์/ส่งออก </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA+%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2"><span>สร้างหนังสือ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2&action=show-download-screen"><span>ดาวน์โหลดเป็น PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2&printable=yes" title="รุ่นที่พร้อมพิมพ์ของหน้านี้ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>รุ่นพร้อมพิมพ์</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ในโครงการอื่น </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Patrice_Lumumba" hreflang="en"><span>วิกิมีเดียคอมมอนส์</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q161672" title="ลิงก์ไปยังสิ่งนี้ในคลังซึ่งเชื่อมโยงข้อมูลต่าง ๆ เข้าด้วยกัน [g]" accesskey="g"><span>สิ่งนี้ในวิกิสนเทศ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">หน้าตา</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">จากวิกิพีเดีย สารานุกรมเสรี</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="th" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">ปาทริส ลูมูมบา</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Patrice_Lumumba_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Patrice_Lumumba_official_portrait.jpg/220px-Patrice_Lumumba_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Patrice_Lumumba_official_portrait.jpg/330px-Patrice_Lumumba_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Patrice_Lumumba_official_portrait.jpg/440px-Patrice_Lumumba_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="467" data-file-height="424" /></a></span><div style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">ภาพถ่ายทางการของลูมูมบาเมื่อปี 1960</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">นายกรัฐมนตรี<br />สาธารณรัฐคองโก</a> คนที่ 1</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>ดำรงตำแหน่ง</b></span><br />24 มิถุนายน – 5 กันยายน 1960</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">ประธานาธิบดี</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Kasa-Vubu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Kasa-Vubu (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">โฌแซ็ฟ กาซา-วูบู</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">รอง</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Gizenga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Gizenga (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อ็องตวน กีเซงกา</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">ก่อนหน้า</span></th><td><i>ประเดิมตำแหน่ง</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">ถัดไป</span></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Il%C3%A9o&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Iléo (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">โฌแซ็ฟ อีเลโอ</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minister_of_Defense_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minister of Defense (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">รัฐมนตรีว่าการกระทรวงกลาโหม</a> คนที่ 1</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>ดำรงตำแหน่ง</b></span><br />24 มิถุนายน – 5 กันยายน 1960</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">นายกรัฐมนตรี</span></th><td>ตนเอง</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">ก่อนหน้า</span></th><td><i>ประเดิมตำแหน่ง</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">ถัดไป</span></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_Kazadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinand Kazadi (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">แฟร์ดีน็อง กาซาดี</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:lavender">ข้อมูลส่วนบุคคล</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">เกิด</th><td><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Élias Okit'Asombo</div><br />2 กรกฎาคม ค.ศ. 1925<span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1925-07-02</span>)</span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katakokombe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katakokombe (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">กาตาโกกอมเบ</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Congo-Kasa%C3%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Congo-Kasaï (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">กงโก-กาซาย</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81" title="เบลเจียนคองโก">เบลเจียนคองโก</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">เสียชีวิต</th><td>17 มกราคม ค.ศ. 1961<span style="display:none">(1961-01-17)</span> (35 ปี)<br />ใกล้กับ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5" title="ลูบูมบาชี">เอลีซาแบ็ตวีล</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Katanga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State of Katanga (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">รัฐกาต็องกา</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">สาเหตุการเสียชีวิต</th><td><a href="/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba#Final_days_and_execution" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrice Lumumba">ถูกประหารชีวิต</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Execution_by_firing_squad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Execution by firing squad (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ด้วยปืน</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">พรรคการเมือง</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ขบวนการแห่งชาติคองโก (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ขบวนการแห่งชาติคองโก</a> (แอมแอนเซ)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">คู่สมรส</th><td><span itemscope="" itemtype="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/ปาทริส ลูมูมบา"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pauline_Opango&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pauline Opango (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ปอลีน โอปังโก</a> (สมรส 1951)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-top: 1px solid right; font-size: 95%"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>ปาทริส เอเมอรี ลูมูมบา</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA" title="ภาษาฝรั่งเศส">ฝรั่งเศส</a>: <i lang="fr">Patrice Émery Lumumba</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2 กรกฎาคม 1925 – 17 มกราคม 1961) เป็นนักการเมืองและผู้นำขบวนการเอกราชคองโก เขาดำรงตำแหน่ง<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">นายกรัฐมนตรี</a><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81" title="สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก">สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก</a> (ในเวลานั้นคือ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81_(%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A5)" title="สาธารณรัฐคองโก (เลออปอลวีล)">สาธารณรัฐคองโก</a>) ตั้งแต่เดือนมิถุนายนถึงกันยายน 1960 และเป็นผู้นำของ<a href="/w/index.php?title=Congolese_National_Movement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Congolese National Movement (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ขบวนการแห่งชาติคองโก</a> (แอมแอนเซ) นับตั้งแต่ปี 1958 จนกระทั่งเสียชีวิตในเดือนมกราคม 1961 เขาเชื่อมั่นใน<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_nationalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="African nationalism (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ชาตินิยมแอฟริกา</a>และ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="อุดมการณ์รวมกลุ่มแอฟริกา (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อุดมการณ์รวมกลุ่มแอฟริกา</a> ลูมูมบาเป็นบุคคลที่มีบทบาทสำคัญในการเปลี่ยนผ่านคองโกจากอาณานิคมของเบลเยียมสู่การเป็นรัฐเอกราช </p><p>ไม่นานหลังคองโกได้รับเอกราชในปี 1960 ได้เกิด<a href="/w/index.php?title=1960_Force_Publique_mutiny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1960 Force Publique mutiny (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">การก่อการกำเริบขึ้นในกองทัพ</a> ถือเป็นจุดเริ่มต้นของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81" title="วิกฤตการณ์คองโก">วิกฤตการณ์คองโก</a> ลูมูมบาได้ร้องขอให้สหรัฐและสหประชาชาติช่วยปราบปราม<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Katanga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State of Katanga (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">กลุ่มแบ่งแยกดินแดนกาต็องกา</a>ซึ่งมีเบลเยียมหนุนหลังและนำโดย<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mo%C3%AFse_Tshombe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moïse Tshombe (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">มออีซ ชอมเบ</a> คำร้องขอของลูมูมบาถูกปฏิเสธเนื่องจากความแคลงใจในโลกตะวันตกว่าลูมูบามีแนวคิดสนับสนุนลัทธิคอมมิวนิสต์ ความแคลงใจนี้เพิ่มขึ้นอีกเมื่อลูมูมบาหันไปขอความช่วยเหลือจาก<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95" title="สหภาพโซเวียต">สหภาพโซเวียต</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="ซีไอเอ">ซีไอเอ</a>เรียกการขอความช่วยเหลือจากสหภาพโซเวียตนี้ว่า "การยึดครองตามแบบฉบับของลัทธิคอมมิวนิสต์"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurner200732_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner200732-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>หลังลูมูมบาถูกโค่นล้มจากการรัฐประหารที่นำโดย<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81" title="โมบูตู เซเซ เซโก">โมบูตู เซเซ เซโก</a> เขาพยายามหลบหนีไปยัง<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanleyville,_Belgian_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanleyville, Belgian Congo (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">สตานเลวีล</a>เพื่อร่วมกับกลุ่มผู้สนับสนุนในการจัดตั้งรัฐต่อต้านโมบูตูที่ชื่อ<a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Republic_of_the_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Free Republic of the Congo (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">สาธารณรัฐเสรีคองโก</a> ลูมูมบาถูกเจ้าหน้าที่รัฐของโมบูตูจับกุมระหว่างทางไปสตานเลวีล เขาถูกเจ้าหน้าที่กาต็องกาประหารชีวิตต่อหน้าเจ้าหน้าที่และนายทหารจากกาต็องกาและ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="ประเทศเบลเยียม">เบลเยียม</a> ศพเขาถูกโยนลงไปในหลุมตื้น ๆ แต่ต่อมาถูกขุดขึ้นและนำไปทำลายทิ้ง<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> หลังจากถูกสังหาร ลูมูมบาได้รับการยกย่องว่าเป็นผู้พลีชีพเพื่อขบวนการรวมกลุ่มแอฟริกาอย่างกว้างขวาง ในช่วงหลายปีที่ผ่านมา การสอบสวนได้ให้ความกระจ่างเกี่ยวกับเหตุการณ์แวดล้อมการเสียชีวิตของลูมูมบา โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งบทบาทของเบลเยียมและ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90" class="mw-redirect" title="สหรัฐ">สหรัฐ</a><sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ในปี 2002 เบลเยียมได้กล่าวคำขอโทษอย่างเป็นทางการจากส่วนร่วมในการสังหารลูมูมบา<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="อ้างอิง"><span id=".E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.87"></span>อ้างอิง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&section=1" title="แก้ไขส่วน: อ้างอิง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/351310">ปาทริส ลูมูมบา</a> ที่<i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="สารานุกรมบริตานิกา">สารานุกรมบริตานิกา</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner200732-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurner200732_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurner2007">Turner 2007</a>, p. 32.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFTurner2007 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="หมวดหมู่:Harv and Sfn template errors (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-0">3.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-1">3.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10205087">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/story/how-did-patrice-lumumba-die">"How did Patrice Lumumba die?"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+did+Patrice+Lumumba+die%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fstory%2Fhow-did-patrice-lumumba-die&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA+%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Cite_web" title="แม่แบบ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: url-status (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:CS1_maint:_url-status" title="หมวดหมู่:CS1 maint: url-status">ลิงก์</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFBoffey2019" class="citation news cs1">Boffey, Daniel (22 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/22/statue-missing-hand-colonial-belgium-leopold-congo">"Reappearance of statue's missing hand reignites colonial row"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Reappearance+of+statue%27s+missing+hand+reignites+colonial+row&rft.date=2019-02-22&rft.aulast=Boffey&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Ffeb%2F22%2Fstatue-missing-hand-colonial-belgium-leopold-congo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA+%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="หมายเหตุ"><span id=".E0.B8.AB.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A2.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.AB.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.B8"></span>หมายเหตุ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&section=2" title="แก้ไขส่วน: หมายเหตุ"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: lower-alpha;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ปัจจุบันคือ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ซ็องกูรู (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ซ็องกูรู</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81" title="สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก">สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ปัจจุบันคือ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5" title="ลูบูมบาชี">ลูบูมบาชี</a> สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">หรืออาจสะกดว่า <span title="ข้อความภาษาฝรั่งเศส"><i lang="fr">Patrice Hemery Lumumba</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="อ้างอิง_2"><span id=".E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.87_2"></span>อ้างอิง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&section=3" title="แก้ไขส่วน: อ้างอิง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 20em; -webkit-column-width: 20em; column-width: 20em; list-style-type: decimal;"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="บรรณานุกรม"><span id=".E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.93.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.B8.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.A1"></span>บรรณานุกรม</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&section=4" title="แก้ไขส่วน: บรรณานุกรม"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8938631">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFAfrican_Studies_Review2005" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NiUOAQAAMAAJ"><i>African Studies Review</i></a>. Vol. 48. New Brunswick: African Studies Association. 2005. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1555-2462">1555-2462</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+Studies+Review&rft.place=New+Brunswick&rft.pub=African+Studies+Association&rft.date=2005&rft.issn=1555-2462&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNiUOAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA+%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFBlommaertVerschueren1991" class="citation book cs1">Blommaert, Jan; Verschueren, Jef, บ.ก. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SbtHAAAAQBAJ"><i>The Pragmatics of International and Intercultural Communication</i></a>. Vol. 3. John Benjamins Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/9789027285966" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/9789027285966"><bdi>9789027285966</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pragmatics+of+International+and+Intercultural+Communication&rft.pub=John+Benjamins+Publishing&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9789027285966&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSbtHAAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA+%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFBouwer2010" class="citation book cs1">Bouwer, Karen (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gZXGAAAAQBAJ"><i>Gender and Decolonization in the Congo: The Legacy of Patrice Lumumba</i></a> (illustrated ed.). 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Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/9781469632728" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/9781469632728"><bdi>9781469632728</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Congo+Love+Song%3A+African+American+Culture+and+the+Crisis+of+the+Colonial+State&rft.place=Chapel+Hill&rft.pub=The+University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781469632728&rft.aulast=Dworkin&rft.aufirst=Ira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTyDADgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA+%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFEhmerHindermann2015" class="citation book cs1">Ehmer, Kersten; Hindermann, Beate (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NcuFCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA32"><i>The School of Sophisticated Drinking: An Intoxicating History of Seven Spirits</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Greystone_Books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greystone Books (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Greystone Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/9781771641197" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/9781771641197"><bdi>9781771641197</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+School+of+Sophisticated+Drinking%3A+An+Intoxicating+History+of+Seven+Spirits&rft.pub=Greystone+Books&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781771641197&rft.aulast=Ehmer&rft.aufirst=Kersten&rft.au=Hindermann%2C+Beate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNcuFCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA+%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFCRISP_no._701960" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"La formation du premier gouvernement congolais". <i>Courrier Hebdomadaire du CRISP</i> (ภาษาฝรั่งเศส). 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"Thoughts on Assassination in Africa". <i>Political Science Quarterly</i>. <b>83</b> (1): 40–58. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2147402">10.2307/2147402</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2147402">2147402</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Political+Science+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Thoughts+on+Assassination+in+Africa&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=40-58&rft.date=1968-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2147402&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2147402%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Mazrui&rft.aufirst=Ali+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA+%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFMcKown1969" class="citation book cs1">McKown, Robin (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8yBBAAAAIAAJ"><i>Lumumba: A Biography</i></a>. 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Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/424186">424186</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Congo%3A+Background+of+Conflict&rft.place=Evanston%2C+Illinois&rft.pub=Northwestern+University+Press&rft.date=1961&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F424186&rft.aulast=Merriam&rft.aufirst=Alan+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.110664&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA+%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFMonaville2019" class="citation journal cs1">Monaville, Pedro (January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS000197201800089X">"The political life of the dead Lumumba: Cold War histories and the Congolese student left"</a>. <i>Africa</i>. <b>89</b> (Supplement S1): S15–S39. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="เข้าถึงได้ฟรี"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS000197201800089X">10.1017/S000197201800089X</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Africa&rft.atitle=The+political+life+of+the+dead+Lumumba%3A+Cold+War+histories+and+the+Congolese+student+left&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=Supplement+S1&rft.pages=S15-S39&rft.date=2019-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS000197201800089X&rft.aulast=Monaville&rft.aufirst=Pedro&rft_id=%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FS000197201800089X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA+%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Mwakikagile, Godfrey (2014), <i>Congo in the Sixties</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-9987160365" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-9987160365">978-9987160365</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFNzongola-Ntalaja2014" class="citation book cs1">Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X2DGBAAAQBAJ"><i>Patrice Lumumba</i></a> (illustrated, reprint ed.). Ohio University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/9780821445068" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/9780821445068"><bdi>9780821445068</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Patrice+Lumumba&rft.edition=illustrated%2C+reprint&rft.pub=Ohio+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780821445068&rft.aulast=Nzongola-Ntalaja&rft.aufirst=Georges&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX2DGBAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA+%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFO'Ballance1999" class="citation book cs1">O'Ballance, Edgar (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vfCADAAAQBAJ"><i>The Congo-Zaire Experience, 1960–98</i></a> (illustrated ed.). Springer. pp. 26–27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/9780230286481" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/9780230286481"><bdi>9780230286481</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Congo-Zaire+Experience%2C+1960%E2%80%9398&rft.pages=26-27&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780230286481&rft.aulast=O%27Ballance&rft.aufirst=Edgar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvfCADAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA+%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFOlorunsola1972" class="citation book cs1">Olorunsola, Victor A. 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Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/9783110709308" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/9783110709308"><bdi>9783110709308</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lumumba+Generation%3A+African+Bourgeoisie+and+Colonial+Distinction+in+the+Belgian+Congo&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter+GmbH&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9783110709308&rft.aulast=T%C3%B6dt&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvQVGEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA+%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFVanderstraeten1993" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vanderstraeten, Louis-François (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MwMUAQAAMAAJ"><i>De la Force publique à l'Armée nationale congolaise: histoire d'une mutinerie, juillet 1960</i></a> (ภาษาฝรั่งเศส) (reprint ed.). 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London: Verso. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-1-85984-410-6" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-1-85984-410-6"><bdi>978-1-85984-410-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Assassination+of+Lumumba&rft.place=London&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Verso&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-85984-410-6&rft.aulast=de+Witte&rft.aufirst=Ludo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbTdlU4yGB6YC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA+%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFYoung2015" class="citation book cs1">Young, Crawford (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F0LWCgAAQBAJ"><i>Politics in Congo: Decolonization and Independence</i></a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/9781400878574" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/9781400878574"><bdi>9781400878574</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Politics+in+Congo%3A+Decolonization+and+Independence&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781400878574&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Crawford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF0LWCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA+%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFYoung1966" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._Crawford_Young&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. Crawford Young (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Young, Crawford</a> (1966). "Post-Independence Politics in the Congo". <i>Transition</i>. Indiana University Press (26): 34–41. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2934325">10.2307/2934325</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2934325">2934325</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transition&rft.atitle=Post-Independence+Politics+in+the+Congo&rft.issue=26&rft.pages=34-41&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2934325&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2934325%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Crawford&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA+%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2" class="Z3988"></span> – โดยทาง <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" 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