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{"work":{"id":107743094,"created_at":"2023-10-07T05:47:19.980-07:00","from_world_paper_id":241496382,"updated_at":"2024-11-23T06:22:45.870-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"WIT Press","grobid_abstract":"Flow boiling in small to micro passages provides an excellent solution for cooling high and ultrahigh heat fl ux systems due to the phase change process and the high heat transfer coeffi cients. Additionally, due to phase change, the hot surface temperature remains approximately uniform at values slightly higher than the saturation temperature and does not vary signifi cantly with the applied load (sudden jump or drop in the heat fl ux). This advantage is desirable for reducing the thermal stresses and consequently prolonging the life of the devices. However, the fundamentals of micro-scale fl ow boiling are not understood well and there is a wide scatter in the published heat transfer results. Also, most researchers concluded the inapplicability of macro-scale correlations at micro-scale level. Accordingly, more fundamental research was directed toward this area in recent years such as the current experimental study presented in this chapter. This is a long term project at Brunel University that covers fl ow boiling patterns, heat transfer, pressure drop and prediction methods. The research uses refrigerant R134a, vertical stainless steel tubes of diameters 4.26, 2.88, 2.01, 1.1 and 0.52 mm and heated lengths 500, 300, 211, 150 and 100 mm respectively, system pressure of 6-14 bar, mass fl ux of 100-700 kg/m 2 s and vapour quality from 0-0.9.","publication_date":"2013,11,6","publication_name":"WIT transactions on state-of-the-art in science and engineering","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"106323368"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Flow Boiling in Small to Microdiameter Tubes","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true,"seo_quality":null}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [39267853]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":106323368,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Flow Boiling in Small to Microdiameter Tubes”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/106323368/mini_magick20231007-1-2hy5we.png?1696683015" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Flow Boiling in Small to Microdiameter Tubes</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39267853" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TassosKarayiannis"><img alt="Profile image of Tassos Karayiannis" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Tassos Karayiannis</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2013, WIT transactions on state-of-the-art in science and engineering</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">76 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 107743094; 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Additionally, due to phase change, the hot surface temperature remains approximately uniform at values slightly higher than the saturation temperature and does not vary signifi cantly with the applied load (sudden jump or drop in the heat fl ux). This advantage is desirable for reducing the thermal stresses and consequently prolonging the life of the devices. However, the fundamentals of micro-scale fl ow boiling are not understood well and there is a wide scatter in the published heat transfer results. Also, most researchers concluded the inapplicability of macro-scale correlations at micro-scale level. Accordingly, more fundamental research was directed toward this area in recent years such as the current experimental study presented in this chapter. This is a long term project at Brunel University that covers fl ow boiling patterns, heat transfer, pressure drop and prediction methods. The research uses refrigerant R134a, vertical stainless steel tubes of diameters 4.26, 2.88, 2.01, 1.1 and 0.52 mm and heated lengths 500, 300, 211, 150 and 100 mm respectively, system pressure of 6-14 bar, mass fl ux of 100-700 kg/m 2 s and vapour quality from 0-0.9.</p></div></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="107743062" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/107743062/Heat_transfer_correlation_for_flow_boiling_in_small_to_micro_tubes">Heat transfer correlation for flow boiling in small to micro tubes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39267853" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TassosKarayiannis">Tassos Karayiannis</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">There is a large discrepancy in the open literature about the comparative performance of the existing macro and microscale heat transfer models and correlations when applied to small/micro flow boiling systems. This paper presents a detailed comparison of the flow boiling heat transfer coefficient for R134a in stainless steel micro tubes with 21 macro and microscale correlations and models. The experimental database that was used in the comparison includes the data for 1.1 and 0.52 mm diameter tubes, mass flux range of 100-500 kg/m 2 s and system pressure range 6-10 bar obtained in the course of this study. The effect of the evaporator heated length on the comparative performance of the correlations and models was investigated using three different lengths of the 1.1 mm diameter tube (L = 150, 300 and 450 mm). This comparative study demonstrated that none of the assessed models and correlations could predict the experimental data with a reasonable accuracy. Also, the predictability of most correlations becomes worse as the heated length increases. This may contribute in explaining the discrepancy in the comparative performance of the correlations from one study to another. A new correlation is proposed in the present study based on the superposition model of Chen. The database used in developing the correlation consists of 5152 data points including the current experimental data and data obtained previously with the same test rig, fluid and methodology for tubes of diameter 4.26, 2.88, 2.01 mm. The new correlation predicted 92% of the data within the ±30% error bands with a MAE value of 14.3%.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Heat transfer correlation for flow boiling in small to micro tubes","attachmentId":106323360,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/107743062/Heat_transfer_correlation_for_flow_boiling_in_small_to_micro_tubes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/107743062/Heat_transfer_correlation_for_flow_boiling_in_small_to_micro_tubes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="19085050" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19085050/A_study_of_discrepancies_in_flow_boiling_results_in_small_to_microdiameter_metallic_tubes">A study of discrepancies in flow boiling results in small to microdiameter metallic tubes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39267853" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TassosKarayiannis">Tassos Karayiannis</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">There is a disagreement in the reports on flow boiling heat transfer on the dependence of the local heat transfer coefficient on local vapour quality, mass and heat flux and system pressure. As a consequence, various conclusions were reported about the dominant heat transfer mechanism(s) in small to microdiameter tubes. Yet, the reasons behind this large disagreement are not clear. The current study investigated experimentally two important parameters that may contribute in explaining the scatter in the published heat transfer results. The first parameter is the tube inner surface characteristics and the second is the length of the heated section. The surface effect was experimentally investigated through examining two stainless steel tubes manufactured by two different methods. The first tube is a seamless cold drawn tube whilst the second is a welded tube. The two tubes have similar design and dimensions and were investigated at 8 bar system pressure and 300 kg/m 2 s mass flux. The inner surface of the two tubes was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and was found to be completely different. The heat transfer results demonstrated that the trend of the local heat transfer coefficient versus local vapour quality in the seamless cold drawn tube is completely different from that in the welded tube. Three heated lengths were investigated for a seamless cold drawn tube with an inner diameter of 1.1 mm over a wide range of experimental conditions; mass flux range of 200-500 kg/m 2 s, system pressure of 6-10 bar, inlet sub-cooling value of about 5 K and exit quality up to about 0.95. The results indicated that the heated length influences strongly the magnitude as well as the local behaviour of the heat transfer coefficient. There is a progression from nucleate boiling to convective boiling as the heated length increases. The variation in the heat transfer coefficient due to differences in the heated length may also influence the performance of the existing microscale heat transfer correlations. The flow patterns observed at the exit of each test section are also presented.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A study of discrepancies in flow boiling results in small to microdiameter metallic tubes","attachmentId":40422374,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19085050/A_study_of_discrepancies_in_flow_boiling_results_in_small_to_microdiameter_metallic_tubes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/19085050/A_study_of_discrepancies_in_flow_boiling_results_in_small_to_microdiameter_metallic_tubes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="107743112" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/107743112/Flow_Patterns_and_Heat_Transfer_for_Flow_Boiling_in_Small_to_Micro_Diameter_Tubes">Flow Patterns and Heat Transfer for Flow Boiling in Small to Micro Diameter Tubes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39267853" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TassosKarayiannis">Tassos Karayiannis</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Heat Transfer Engineering, 2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">An overview of the recent developments in the study of flow patterns and boiling heat transfer in small to micro diameter tubes is presented. The latest results of a long-term study of flow boiling of R134a in five vertical stainless steel tubes of internal diameter 4.26, 2.88, 2.01, 1.1 and 0.52 mm are then discussed. During these experiments, the mass flux was varied from 100 to 700 kg/m 2 s and the heat flux from as low as 1.6 to 135 kW/m 2. Five different pressures were studied, namely 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 bar. The flow regimes were observed at a glass section located directly at the exit of the heated test section. The range of diameters was chosen to investigate thresholds for macro, small or micro tube characteristics. The heat transfer coefficients in tubes ranging from 4.26 mm down to 1.1 mm increased with heat flux and system pressure, but did not change with vapour quality for low quality values. At higher quality, the heat transfer coefficients decreased with quality, indicating local dryout. There was no significant difference between the characteristics and magnitude of the heat transfer coefficients in the 4.26 mm and 2.88 mm tubes but the coefficients in the 2.01 and 1.1 mm tube higher. The heat transfer results suggested that a tube size of about 2 mm might be considered as a critical diameter to distinguish small and conventional tubes, This is consistent with an earlier study of flow patterns, in which confined bubble flow was observed only in the 2.01 and 1.1 mm tubes. Further differences have now been observed in the 0.52 mm tube: ring flow appeared over a significant range of quality/heat flux and dispersed flow was not observed. The heat transfer characteristics were also different from those in the larger tubes. The data fell into two groups that exhibited different influences of heat flux below and above a heat flux threshold. These differences, both in flow patterns and heat transfer, indicate a possible second change from small to micro behaviour at diameters less than 1 mm for R134a.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Flow Patterns and Heat Transfer for Flow Boiling in Small to Micro Diameter Tubes","attachmentId":106323272,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/107743112/Flow_Patterns_and_Heat_Transfer_for_Flow_Boiling_in_Small_to_Micro_Diameter_Tubes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/107743112/Flow_Patterns_and_Heat_Transfer_for_Flow_Boiling_in_Small_to_Micro_Diameter_Tubes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="38840378" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38840378/Flow_boiling_and_flow_regimes_in_small_diameter_tubes">Flow boiling and flow regimes in small diameter tubes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="109490218" href="https://iitg-in.academia.edu/AnkushKaundal">Ankush Kaundal</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Boiling heat transfer in small diameter tubes has been experimentally investigated using R134a as the working fluid. The heat transfer experiments were conducted with two stainless steel tubes of internal diameter 4.26 and 2.01 mm respectively. Other parameters were varied in the range: mass flux 100-500 kg/ m 2 s; pressure 8-12 bar; quality up to 0.9; heat flux 13-150 kW/m 2 . It was found that the nucleate boiling is dominant when the vapour quality is less than about 40-50% for the 4.26 mm tube and 20-30% for the 2.01 mm tube. Above these quality values, heat transfer coefficients decrease with vapour quality. Furthermore, this decrease occurs for the entire quality range at high heat flux values. Flow visualization experiments were carried out using the same experimental facility with Pyrex glass tubes. A flow pattern map was obtained at a system pressure of 10 bar and tube diameter of 4.26 mm.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Flow boiling and flow regimes in small diameter tubes","attachmentId":58934525,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38840378/Flow_boiling_and_flow_regimes_in_small_diameter_tubes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/38840378/Flow_boiling_and_flow_regimes_in_small_diameter_tubes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="21349776" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21349776/Experimental_Study_of_Flow_Boiling_Heat_Transfer_in_a_Horizontal_Microfin_Tube">Experimental Study of Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in a Horizontal Microfin Tube</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42439612" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ShigeruKoyama">Shigeru Koyama</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Experimental Study of Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in a Horizontal Microfin Tube","attachmentId":41828044,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21349776/Experimental_Study_of_Flow_Boiling_Heat_Transfer_in_a_Horizontal_Microfin_Tube","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21349776/Experimental_Study_of_Flow_Boiling_Heat_Transfer_in_a_Horizontal_Microfin_Tube"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="75849925" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75849925/Chapter_5_R134a_Flow_Boiling_Heat_Transfer_in_Small_Diameter_Tubes">Chapter 5 R134a Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in Small Diameter Tubes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39267853" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TassosKarayiannis">Tassos Karayiannis</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Boiling heat transfer in small diameter tubes has been experimentally investigated using R134a as the working fluid. The heat transfer experiments were conducted with two stainless steel tubes of internal diameter 4.26 mm and 2.01 mm respectively. Other parameters were varied in the range: mass flux 100 – 500 kg/m2s; pressure 8 – 14 bar; quality up to 0.9; heat flux 13- 150 kW/m2. The heat transfer coefficient was found to be independent of vapour quality when the quality was less than about 40 % to 50 % for the 4.26 mm tube and 20 % to 30 % for the 2.01 mm tube. Above these quality values, the heat transfer coefficient decreases with vapour quality. Furthermore, at high heat flux values this decrease occurs for the entire quality range. The heat transfer rates were compared with existing correlations.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Chapter 5 R134a Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in Small Diameter Tubes","attachmentId":83472471,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75849925/Chapter_5_R134a_Flow_Boiling_Heat_Transfer_in_Small_Diameter_Tubes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/75849925/Chapter_5_R134a_Flow_Boiling_Heat_Transfer_in_Small_Diameter_Tubes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="107743054" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/107743054/Flow_Boiling_Pressure_Drop_of_R134a_in_Microdiameter_Tubes_Experimental_Results_and_Assessment_of_Correlations">Flow Boiling Pressure Drop of R134a in Microdiameter Tubes: Experimental Results and Assessment of Correlations</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39267853" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TassosKarayiannis">Tassos Karayiannis</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Heat Transfer Engineering, 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The experimental results of two phase flow boiling pressure drop of R134a in vertical micro diameter stainless steel tubes are presented in this paper. The tests were conducted using four tubes; one tube with an inner diameter of 0.52 mm and 100 mm heated length and three tubes with an inner diameter of 1.1 mm and different heated lengths (150, 300 and 450 mm). Other experimental conditions include: mass flux range of 200-500 kg/m 2 s, system pressure range of 6-10 bar, inlet sub-cooling of about 5K and heat flux range of 1-140 kW/m 2. The results indicated that the total measured two phase pressure drop increases with increasing mass flux, heat flux (exit quality) and decreasing system pressure and tube inner diameter. The test section heated length was found to have a significant effect on the measured pressure drop per metre length. The total measured two phase pressure drop results were also compared with eighteen macro and micro scale models and correlations.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Flow Boiling Pressure Drop of R134a in Microdiameter Tubes: Experimental Results and Assessment of Correlations","attachmentId":106323249,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/107743054/Flow_Boiling_Pressure_Drop_of_R134a_in_Microdiameter_Tubes_Experimental_Results_and_Assessment_of_Correlations","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/107743054/Flow_Boiling_Pressure_Drop_of_R134a_in_Microdiameter_Tubes_Experimental_Results_and_Assessment_of_Correlations"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="75849903" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75849903/A_Comparison_with_the_Three_Zone_Model_for_Flow_Boiling_Heat_Transfer_in_Small_Diameter_Tubes">A Comparison with the Three-Zone Model for Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in Small Diameter Tubes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39267853" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TassosKarayiannis">Tassos Karayiannis</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Boiling, 2006</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Flow boiling heat transfer experimental results, obtained in two stainless steel tubes of internal diameter 4.26 mm and 2.01 mm using R134a as the working fluid, indicate that the local heat transfer coefficient increases with heat flux and is independent of vapour quality when this is less than about 40% to 50% for the 4.26 mm tube and 20% to 30% for the 2.01 mm tube, conventionally interpreted as nucleate boiling. Above these quality values, the separate graphs merge into a single line for heat transfer coefficient decreasing with increasing vapour quality. The data in the apparently-nucleate boiling condition are compared with a recent state-of-the-art three-zone evaporation model for the confined bubble flow regime without a nucleate boiling contribution. The model predicts the experimental data reasonably well but does not predict correctly the trends for changing pressure and diameter. Some suggestions are made for improving the model. The comparisons made in this paper support the statements by the developers of the model and others that the application of conventional macro flow boiling correlations to micro tube flow boiling heat transfer may not necessarily have a sound physical basis.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Comparison with the Three-Zone Model for Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in Small Diameter Tubes","attachmentId":83472465,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75849903/A_Comparison_with_the_Three_Zone_Model_for_Flow_Boiling_Heat_Transfer_in_Small_Diameter_Tubes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/75849903/A_Comparison_with_the_Three_Zone_Model_for_Flow_Boiling_Heat_Transfer_in_Small_Diameter_Tubes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="107743159" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/107743159/Saturated_flow_boiling_in_small_to_micro_diameter_metallic_tubes_Experimental_results_and_modeling">Saturated flow boiling in small- to micro- diameter metallic tubes: Experimental results and modeling</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39267853" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TassosKarayiannis">Tassos Karayiannis</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Some results of a long-term study of flow boiling patterns, heat transfer rates and pressure drop of R134a at pressures of 6-14 bar in five vertical stainless steel tubes of internal diameter 4.26, 2.88, 2.01, 1.1 and 0.52 mm are presented in this paper. The flow regimes in the 4.26 mm to 1.1 mm tubes were identified as dispersed bubble, bubbly, slug, churn, annular and mist flows. As the diameter was reduced, progressively slimmer vapour slugs, a thinner liquid film around the vapour slug and a less chaotic vapour-liquid interface in churn flow were observed. Confined flow appeared first in the 2.01 mm tube. Dispersed bubble flow was not observed in the smallest tube (0.52 mm) for the range studied in runs in which wavy film flow occurred. The heat transfer coefficients in tubes ranging from 4.26 mm down to 1.1 mm increased with heat flux and system pressure, but did not change with vapour quality for low quality values. At higher quality, the heat transfer coefficients decreased with quality, indicating local dryout. The heat transfer characteristics of the 0.52 mm tube were different from those in the larger tubes. The data fell into two groups that exhibited different influences of heat flux below and above a heat flux threshold. The pressure drop and heat transfer results were compared with existing correlations but with some limited success. Recent progress on mechanistic models for heat transfer along with comparisons and recommendations are included in the paper.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Saturated flow boiling in small- to micro- diameter metallic tubes: Experimental results and modeling","attachmentId":106323311,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/107743159/Saturated_flow_boiling_in_small_to_micro_diameter_metallic_tubes_Experimental_results_and_modeling","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/107743159/Saturated_flow_boiling_in_small_to_micro_diameter_metallic_tubes_Experimental_results_and_modeling"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="65348625" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65348625/R1233zd_E_and_R245fa_Flow_Boiling_Heat_Transfer_and_Pressure_Drop_inside_a_4_2_mm_ID_Microfin_Tube">R1233zd(E) and R245fa Flow Boiling Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop inside a 4.2 mm ID Microfin Tube</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34178578" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ClaudioZilio">Claudio Zilio</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper presents R1233zd(E) and R245fa flow boiling heat transfer and pressure drop measurements inside a mini microfin tube with an internal diameter at the fin tip equal to 4.2 mm, having 40 fins, 0.15 mm high, and a helix angle of 18°. The tube was brazed inside a copper plate and electrically heated from the bottom. The experimental measurements were carried out at a constant mean saturation temperature of 30 °C, by varying the refrigerant mass velocity between 100 and 300 kg m s, the mean vapor quality from 0.1 and 0.95, and the heat flux from 15 to 90 kW m. The experimental results are here presented in terms of two-phase heat transfer coefficient and frictional pressure drop. In this paper, the performance of the two fluids is compared under different working conditions and commented. Finally, the experimental measurements were used to assess some models for boiling heat transfer coefficient and frictional pressure drop estimations available in the open literature.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"R1233zd(E) and R245fa Flow Boiling Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop inside a 4.2 mm ID Microfin Tube","attachmentId":76984319,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/65348625/R1233zd_E_and_R245fa_Flow_Boiling_Heat_Transfer_and_Pressure_Drop_inside_a_4_2_mm_ID_Microfin_Tube","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/65348625/R1233zd_E_and_R245fa_Flow_Boiling_Heat_Transfer_and_Pressure_Drop_inside_a_4_2_mm_ID_Microfin_Tube"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":106323368,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":106323368,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_106323368" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="71050650" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71050650/Flow_boiling_heat_transfer_of_refrigerant_FC_72_in_microchannels">Flow boiling heat transfer of refrigerant FC-72 in microchannels</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="196175318" href="https://independent.academia.edu/saracenol">luca saraceno</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Flow boiling heat transfer of refrigerant FC-72 in microchannels","attachmentId":80558306,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/71050650/Flow_boiling_heat_transfer_of_refrigerant_FC_72_in_microchannels","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/71050650/Flow_boiling_heat_transfer_of_refrigerant_FC_72_in_microchannels"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="107742969" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/107742969/Flow_Boiling_in_Micro_Passages_Developments_in_Fundamental_Aspects_and_Applications">Flow Boiling in Micro-Passages: Developments in Fundamental Aspects and Applications</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39267853" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TassosKarayiannis">Tassos Karayiannis</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Flow Boiling in Micro-Passages: Developments in Fundamental Aspects and Applications","attachmentId":106323207,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/107742969/Flow_Boiling_in_Micro_Passages_Developments_in_Fundamental_Aspects_and_Applications","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/107742969/Flow_Boiling_in_Micro_Passages_Developments_in_Fundamental_Aspects_and_Applications"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="105766105" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title 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two-phase flow boiling heat transfer of five refrigerants in horizontal small tubes of 0.5, 1.5 and 3.0mm inner diameters</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="45691787" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PegaHrnjak">Pega Hrnjak</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Experimental investigation on two-phase flow boiling heat transfer of five refrigerants in horizontal small tubes of 0.5, 1.5 and 3.0mm inner 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