Incorporation of Bottom Ash as Aggregates in High-Volume Fly Ash (HVFA) Concrete

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.scientific.net/MSF.1104.25" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Incorporation of Bottom Ash as Aggregates in High-Volume Fly Ash (HVFA) Concrete | Scientific.Net" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.scientific.net/MSF.1104.25" /> <meta property="og:image" content="/Content/app/scinet5/images/metadata_logo.png" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="261" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="260" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="Scientific.Net Logo" /> <meta name="citation_language" content="en" /> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Trans Tech Publications Ltd" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Incorporation of Bottom Ash as Aggregates in High-Volume Fly Ash (HVFA) Concrete" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2023" /> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2023/11/10" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Materials Science Forum" /> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1662-9752" /> <meta name="citation_volume" content="1104" /> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="25" /> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="32" /> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://www.scientific.net/MSF.1104.25.pdf" /> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://www.scientific.net/MSF.1104.25" /> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="Bottom Ash;Coal Waste;Fly Ash;HVFA Concrete" /> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.4028/p-jAnv28" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Assa Prima Dasti Putri" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Subari Subari" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Bagus D. Erlangga" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Hasniah Aliah" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="BP p.l.c., "Coal: Statistical Review of World Energy 2021," 2021." /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="A. Atteridge, M. T. Aung, and A. Nugroho, "Contemporary coal dynamics in Indonesia SEI working paper 2018-04," 2018." /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="J. A. Fay and D. S. Golomb, Energy and the Environment. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002." /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Michael Thomas, "Optimizing the Use of Fly Ash in Concrete," 2007." /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Cement and carbon emissions; citation_author=Laurent Barcelo; citation_author=John Kline; citation_author=Gunther Walenta; citation_author=Ellis Gartner; citation_volume=47; citation_issue=6; citation_publication_date=2013/6/30; citation_pages=1055-1065; citation_doi=10.1617/s11527-013-0114-5" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Life cycle assessment (LCA) of benchmark concrete products in Australia; citation_author=James Mohammadi; citation_author=Warren South; citation_volume=22; citation_issue=10; citation_publication_date=2017/1/27; citation_pages=1588-1608; citation_doi=10.1007/s11367-017-1266-2" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=A Comprehensive Characterization and Determination of Fly Ashes in Indonesia Using Different Methods; citation_author=Januarti Jaya Ekaputri; citation_author=Muhammad Bahrul Ulum; citation_author=Triwulan; citation_author=Ridho Bayuaji; citation_author=Tri Eddy Susanto; citation_author=Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah; citation_volume=754-755; citation_publication_date=2015/4; citation_pages=320-325; citation_doi=10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.754-755.320" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Evaluation of Properties of High-Volume Fly-Ash Concrete for Pavements; citation_author=Binod Kumar; citation_author=G. 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Bata Beton (Paving Block)." p.1–9, 1996." /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="K. Tjokrodimuljo, Teknologi beton. Yogyakarta: Biro Penerbit Teknik Sipil, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2007." /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Properties of concrete containing fly ash and bottom ash mixture as fine aggregate; citation_author=Bharadwaj Nanda; citation_author=Sudipta Rout; citation_volume=14; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2021/4/28; citation_pages=809-819; citation_doi=10.1080/19397038.2021.1920641" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="National Standardization Body., "SNI 03-0349-1989. Specification of concrete brick for walls." p.1–6, 1989." /> <meta name="person" content="Assa Prima Dasti Putri, Subari Subari, Bagus D. Erlangga, Hasniah Aliah" /> <meta name="description" content="Research has been conducted on the utilization of coal combustion residues, specifically fly ash and bottom ash, in order to produce concrete products that meet national standards. Fly ash is employed as a high-volume replacement for cement in what is known as high-volume fly ash (HVFA) concrete. On the other hand, bottom ash is used as both fine and coarse aggregates, serving as a substitute for sand in the concrete mixture. Various characterizations were performed, encompassing the examination of the constituent minerals, crystallinity levels of bottom ash, water absorption, porosity, abrasion resistance, compressive strength, and morphological properties of the concrete specimens. Both fly ash and bottom ash exhibit significant proportions of SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, and CaO, which possess pozzolanic properties and contribute to the compressive strength of the concrete. Concrete samples were produced with varying amounts of bottom ash and other ingredients according to the mix design. The highest compressive strength achieved after 28 days of curing was 27.57 MPa (designated as code B5), accompanied by the lowest porosity of 6.25%. Specimens with code B5 also displayed the lowest abrasion rate of 0.02 mm/minute and water absorption of 1.1%. These results suggest that the formulated mixture has the potential for developing concrete products suitable for walls and paving, adhering to the requirements specified in standard SNI 03-0349-1989 and SNI 03-0691-1996." /> <meta name="keywords" content="Bottom Ash, Coal Waste, Fly Ash, HVFA Concrete" /> <meta name="copyright" content="2023 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. 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class="loading"> <i class="inline-icon download-and-visitor-statistics-icon"></i> <span class="normal-text" id="paperDownloadsAndVisitorsCount"></span> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="page-paper-title"> <div class="preview-block"> <img alt="Article Preview" width="128" height="180" src="/MSF.1104.25/thumbnail.gif"> <div id="preview-button" data-url-preview-log="/Paper/PreviewImageLog?paperId=594143"> <i class="inline-icon preview-icon"></i> </div>  <div id="paper-preview-modal" class="modal fade"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="popup-page-name underline-begin"> <div class="page-name-block-text">Article Preview</div> </div> <img alt="Article Preview" class="preview-image lazyload" data-src="/MSF.1104.25/preview.gif"> <a data-dismiss="modal" title="Close" class="inline-icon close-icon"></a> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="abstract-block-description"> <h3 class="page-paper-first-header">Abstract:</h3> <p class="normal-text"> Research has been conducted on the utilization of coal combustion residues, specifically fly ash and bottom ash, in order to produce concrete products that meet national standards. Fly ash is employed as a high-volume replacement for cement in what is known as high-volume fly ash (HVFA) concrete. On the other hand, bottom ash is used as both fine and coarse aggregates, serving as a substitute for sand in the concrete mixture. Various characterizations were performed, encompassing the examination of the constituent minerals, crystallinity levels of bottom ash, water absorption, porosity, abrasion resistance, compressive strength, and morphological properties of the concrete specimens. Both fly ash and bottom ash exhibit significant proportions of SiO<sub>2</sub>, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and CaO, which possess pozzolanic properties and contribute to the compressive strength of the concrete. Concrete samples were produced with varying amounts of bottom ash and other ingredients according to the mix design. The highest compressive strength achieved after 28 days of curing was 27.57 MPa (designated as code B5), accompanied by the lowest porosity of 6.25%. Specimens with code B5 also displayed the lowest abrasion rate of 0.02 mm/minute and water absorption of 1.1%. These results suggest that the formulated mixture has the potential for developing concrete products suitable for walls and paving, adhering to the requirements specified in standard SNI 03-0349-1989 and SNI 03-0691-1996. </p> </div> <div class="paper-access-buttons col-xs-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="sa-button-wrap"> <a id="sa-button" class="wayfinder-login d-flex sa-button" href="javascript:;"> <div class="sa-button-logo-wrap"> <i class="inline-icon sa-white"></i> </div> <div class="d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center sa-button-text text-truncate"> <div class="sa-button-text-primary text-truncate">Access through your institution</div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="title-button-pdf"> <button id="readPaperButton" data-url-read-paper-log="/Paper/ReadThePaperLog?paperId=594143" class="button button-160"> <span class="inline-element">Read The Paper</span> </button> </div> </div> <div class="row"> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div 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