Materials Science Forum Vol. 1104

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</div> <div class="right-content col-md-8 col-sm-7 col-xs-12"> <div class="bread-crumbs hidden-xs"> <a class="bread-crumbs-first" href="/">Home</a><i class="inline-icon arrow-breadcrumbs"></i><a class="bread-crumbs-first" href="/MSF">Materials Science Forum</a><i class="inline-icon arrow-breadcrumbs"></i><span class="bread-crumbs-second">Materials Science Forum Vol. 1104</span></div> <div class="page-name-block underline-begin"> <h1 class="page-name-block-text">Materials Science Forum Vol. 1104</h1> </div> <div class="clearfix title-details"> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>DOI:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.4028/v-e9lbAz">https://doi.org/10.4028/v-e9lbAz</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="titleMarcXmlLink" style="display: none" 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class="pagination"><li class="active"><span>1</span></li><li><a href="/MSF.1104/2">2</a></li><li class="PagedList-skipToNext"><a href="/MSF.1104/2" rel="next">></a></li></ul></div> </div> <div class="block-volume-title normal-text-gray"> <p> Paper Title <span>Page</span> </p> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/MSF.1104.-1">Preface</a> </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/MSF.1104.3">Potential Use of Water Hyacinth (<i>Eichhornia crassipes</i>) as Growth Media: The Comparison of Acid and Base Treatment</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Amaliya Rasyida, Salsa Zulfa Aurelia, Fikriyah L.A. Intan, Nabila Firdausi Nuzula, Hosta Ardhyananta, Sigit Tri Wicaksono, Mas Irfan Purbawanto Hidayat </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock596913" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: This study aims to investigate the feasibility of using water hyacinth (WH) as growth media. It was carried out using different treatments, acid, and base, characterized by microscope optic, swelling index, soil water retention, and observing the growth of mung bean seeds for seven days. The results showed that the highest swelling index was NaOH solution treatment in WH with a 2.5 – 2 cm diameter at 560%. It was also shown that soil samples using WH with NaOH treatment can retain water, enhancing mung bean seeds’ rapid growth. Therefore, this preliminary study shows the potential use of WH as growth media. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock596913', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 3 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/MSF.1104.9">Influence of Organoclay Content on Morphology and Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Propylene-Ethylene Copolymer/Organoclay Composites</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Sirirat Wacharawichanant, Chaninthon Ounyai, Ployvaree Rassamee, Manop Phankokkruad </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock594776" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: The effects of clay surface modified with 25-30 wt% of methyl dihydroxyethyl hydrogenated tallow ammonium (Clay-DHA) on morphology, mechanical and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/propylene-ethylene copolymer (PEC)/Clay-DHA composites were investigated. The phase morphology of PLA/PEC blends showed phase separation due to weak interaction between PLA and PEC phase, and the droplet size of PEC phase increased with increasing PEC content. The addition of Clay-DHA significantly improved the compatibility between PLA and PEC phases due to PEC droplet size decreased dominantly in PLA matrix, so Clay-DHA could act as an effective compatibilizer. The tensile properties found that Young’s modulus of PLA/PEC blends decreased with increasing amount PEC while the strain at break increased. The incorporation of Clay-DHA improved Young’s modulus of the blends in a range of 10-20 wt% of PEC. The thermal properties showed that the addition of PEC and Clay-DHA had no effect on the melting temperature of PLA. The degradation temperature of PLA/PEC blends was higher than that of the PLA, so PEC could improve the thermal stability of the blends. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock594776', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 9 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/MSF.1104.15">Fabrication and Evaluation of Carrageenan Based Bioplastic with Graphite and Ag-Nanoparticles Addition as Flexible Electrode for EMG Signal Measurement</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Fathur Rahman, Aulia Ghifari Nurlis, Damar Rastri Adhika, Suprijanto Suprijanto </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock595468" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: Electromyography (EMG) is a method for measuring muscle biopotential signals for monitoring muscle activity. Electrodes are placed on the skin to capture EMG signals from muscles underneath. The most common electrodes used in clinical EMG measurement are Ag/AgCl electrodes in the form of metal plates coated with electrode gel. Electrode gel enhances the contact between the electrode’s metal plate and the skin since it is essential for a good measurement signal quality. Meanwhile, flexible electrodes are made from flexible conductive materials that can be adjusted to the contour of the skin surface; therefore, they can improve the measured biopotential signal quality. This study developed a carrageenan-based bioplastic with the addition of graphite and silver nanoparticles (AgNP) hybrid as a flexible electrode for EMG signal measurement. Fabrication of graphite and AgNP hybrid starts with the functionalization of the graphite powder in a mixture of HNO<sub>3</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>. Next, AgNPs were added using the electrochemical method by utilizing SnCl2 and functionalized graphite powder to form an Ag-Sn/Graphite (Graphite-AgNPs) hybrid conductive material. In order to incorporate conductive materials into bioplastic, the Graphite-AgNPs hybrid conductive material is then mixed into the carrageenan-based bioplastic mixture. It is found that 25% w/w addition of these conductive materials already gives good electrical conductivity. The best electrical conductivity value was determined by varying several conductive material types and concentrations. Finally, the EMG signal was measured with the bioplastic flexible electrodes, and the performance was compared with the commercial Ag/AgCl electrodes. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock595468', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 15 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/MSF.1104.25">Incorporation of Bottom Ash as Aggregates in High-Volume Fly Ash (HVFA) Concrete</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Assa Prima Dasti Putri, Subari Subari, Bagus D. Erlangga, Hasniah Aliah </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock594143" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: Research has been conducted on the utilization of coal combustion residues, specifically fly ash and bottom ash, in order to produce concrete products that meet national standards. Fly ash is employed as a high-volume replacement for cement in what is known as high-volume fly ash (HVFA) concrete. On the other hand, bottom ash is used as both fine and coarse aggregates, serving as a substitute for sand in the concrete mixture. Various characterizations were performed, encompassing the examination of the constituent minerals, crystallinity levels of bottom ash, water absorption, porosity, abrasion resistance, compressive strength, and morphological properties of the concrete specimens. Both fly ash and bottom ash exhibit significant proportions of SiO<sub>2</sub>, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and CaO, which possess pozzolanic properties and contribute to the compressive strength of the concrete. Concrete samples were produced with varying amounts of bottom ash and other ingredients according to the mix design. The highest compressive strength achieved after 28 days of curing was 27.57 MPa (designated as code B5), accompanied by the lowest porosity of 6.25%. Specimens with code B5 also displayed the lowest abrasion rate of 0.02 mm/minute and water absorption of 1.1%. These results suggest that the formulated mixture has the potential for developing concrete products suitable for walls and paving, adhering to the requirements specified in standard SNI 03-0349-1989 and SNI 03-0691-1996. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock594143', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 25 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/MSF.1104.33">Mechanical, Thermal Properties of Virgin, Recycled and Mixed High-Density Polyethylene Matrices and Wood Plastic Composites with Plywood Sanding Dust</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Janis Kajaks, Karlis Kalnins, Martins Zalitis, Juris Matvejs </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock601896" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: Virgin high-density polyethylene (vHDPE), recycled (rHDPE), and mixed vHDPE/rHDPE matrices and wood plastic composites based on these mixtures + 50 wt.% of plywood sanding dust (PSD) and 3 wt.% coupling agent maleated polyethylene (MAPE) physical-mechanical properties (tensile, flexural strength and modulus, impact strength, and microhardness) were investigated. It was observed that all defined properties depend on the content of rHDPE in the pure polymer matrix and corresponding WPCs. Tensile strength and modulus decreased a bit, but flexural modulus actually had no changes. At the same time, a decrease in impact strength and a significant increase (up to 2 times) in microhardness are observed. From all the investigated matrices, the most perspective seems to be the matrix with a vHDPE/rHDPE ratio of 75/25, whose mechanical properties are acceptable for the preparation of the WPCs based on plywood sanding dust. The compatibilization possibilities tests of different mixed matrices done by the DSC method in the air showed that the mixed vHDPE/rHDPE compositions compatibility is sufficiently good at different proportions. For all mixed matrices, only one relatively symmetric band with one peak of melting was observed. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests in an inert environment showed that during the first heating cycle, HDPE components are only partially compatible (two peaks of melting temperatures are possible to fix). On the contrary, after the cooling and crystallization processes, during the second heating of the same sample, these two bands completely merge, and like in the air, only one maximum melting temperature peak was observed. The values of thermal oxidation temperature and melting temperature are the highest for virgin vHDPE but the lowest for rHDPE. The values of all corresponding parameters of mixed matrices reduce proportionally with an increase in rHDPE content in the mixtures. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock601896', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 33 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/MSF.1104.45">Characterization of Waste Micro and Nano Tungsten Carbide Powder Reinforced Polyamide 66 Matrix Composites</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Isik Cetintav, Mehmet Ceviz </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock601840" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: Polyamide 66 (PA 66) or Nylon 66 is a strong, easily processed polymer with high thermal resistance and excellent mechanical properties. Tungsten carbide (WC/Co-Cr 86/10-4), known for its exceptional hardness and elasticity, is commonly used for coatings in the thermal spraying and coating industry. In this study, we examined the microstructural, mechanical, and thermal properties of composites made from waste micro and nano WC/Co-Cr 86/10-4 powder and a PA66 matrix. PA66 was reinforced with varying ratios of 3, 6, and 10 wt.% WC/Co-Cr 86/10-4. The composite specimens were created by mechanically mixing granular PA66 and micro and nano WC/Co-Cr 86/10-4 powders and molding them under controlled temperature. Mechanical properties were evaluated through ductility and hardness tests, while thermal properties were determined through DSC analysis. The SEM observation revealed the distribution of WC/Co-Cr 86/10-4 within the polymer matrix. The DSC analysis indicated that the composite had a slightly higher melting temperature than pure PA66, and the thermal conductivity also increased slightly. The experimental results demonstrated that the mechanical properties of the composite improved as the WC/Co-Cr 86/10-4 content increased, specifically in terms of tensile strength and hardness. Additionally, the composite exhibited enhanced interfacial adhesion, mechanical behavior, and thermal properties. This composite, utilizing WC/Co-Cr 86/10-4 waste and recycled PA66, allows for the repurposing of industrial waste. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock601840', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 45 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/MSF.1104.55">The Effect of Niobium on <i>In Situ</i> Synthesis of Titanium Carbide in Composite Hardfacings</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Sibel Yöyler, Andrei Surzhenkov, Mart Viljus, Rainer Traksmaa, Kristjan Juhani </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock602328" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: Niobium (Nb) and titanium (Ti) react with carbon to form high-melting-point and high-hardness MC-type carbides. This study explores the in-situ synthesis of mixed NbC-TiC carbides during plasma transferred arc welding of a steel-based hardfacing. Feedstock powders consisted of stainless steel AISI 316L, TiO<sub>2</sub>, and graphite with and without 5 wt.% Nb addition. Feedstock powders were ball milled for 72 hours, then mixed with paraffine and pre-placed on the S235 steel. The cladding current was 125 A, and the plasma torch travel velocity was 1 mm/s and 0.7 mm/s. The effect of Nb on TiC generation was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Vickers hardness was also measured at the surface of hardfacings. Results show that previously formed NbC grains acted as nucleation sites for TiC precipitation. Increased torch velocity has resulted in improving distribution and decreasing agglomeration of carbon phases. Hardness tests showed that Nb and Ti increased the hardness resistance of the substrate steel. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock602328', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 55 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/MSF.1104.61">Failure of Porcelain Coating on Milled and SLM Fabricated Titanium Alloy with Different Surface Treatment</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Tsanka D. Dikova, Sergei A. Kulinich, Vladimir P. Dunchev, Yavor V. Gagov </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock603017" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: The present paper aimed at investigating the influence of surface treatment on the failure of porcelain coating on Ti6Al4V alloy fabricated by milling and selective laser melting (SLM). The titanium alloy surface was treated by three different ways: sandblasting, application of a layer of bonding agent and combined (sandblasting and subsequent bond layer). A coating of ultra-low fusing ceramic was fabricated on one surface of the samples. The adhesion of the porcelain to the titanium alloy was investigated by standard 3-point bending test and the failure of the coating was evaluated by optical microscopy. It was found that the type of surface treatment of the titanium alloy affects the failure mechanism of porcelain coating on its surface. In case of all samples, the fracture of the ceramics was observed to occur by a mixed adhesion-cohesion mechanism with a difference in the layer of adhesive or cohesive failures. These differences are greater for the milled alloy compared to its SLM-treated counterpart. In the milled sample, adhesive failure occurs along the metal/oxide layer interface and cohesion through the oxide layer. After sandblasting, both adhesion and cohesion fractures were observed between the oxide layer and the porcelain. In the bond-treated samples, adhesive and cohesive failures were found to occur mainly between the oxide layer and the bond. Most of the specimens treated in a combined way failed cohesively by cracking the ceramic coating. In the control and sandblasted subgroups of the SLM-processed alloy, the porcelain coating was destroyed through adhesive-cohesive route: adhesive along the metal/oxide layer interface, and cohesive through the porcelain. Ceramic fracture in the bond- and combined treated subgroups was observed to occur adhesively along the bond/porcelain interface, and cohesively through the bond and porcelain. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock603017', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 61 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/MSF.1104.77">Development of Graphene-Based Functional Coating for the Surface Modification of Textiles</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Līga Ābele, Ieva Baķe, Laimdota Vilcēna, Silvija Kukle </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock601831" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: The objective of the presented research is to improve the ballistic performance of para-aramid woven fabric by deposition of graphene coatings directly on woven textile substrates. The improvement of mechanical properties of the ballistic fabric is attributed to the formation of a highly ordered layered structure and the efficient load transfer between the fabric fibers and the graphene nanosheets. The results of deposition of layered graphene coatings on woven textiles are discussed here. The pristine graphite directly subjected to a solvent treatment in this work, which resulted in the production of exfoliated graphene sheets in the form of a dispersion that allow immediate utilization obtained dispersion for deposition on the para-aramid samples. In order to prepare the dispersion, graphite flakes were first dispersed into liquid media followed by graphite intercalation (division into microlayers) and nano-layers exfoliation. Dipolar aprotic organic solvent DMAc (N,N-Dimethylacetamide) and Cyrene (Dihydrolevoglucosenone) as a bio-based alternative for dipolar aprotic solvents were used as main components of liquid media. At the final stage, a stable dispersion of isolated flakes by using two types of liquid medium was obtained. To study the effects of dip coating and rolling parameters, six kinds of samples with different pull-out speeds and compression ratios were prepared, and their functional properties were measured and compared. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock601831', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 77 </div> </div> <div class="block-bottom-pagination"> <div class="pager-info"> <p>Showing 1 to 10 of 15 Paper Titles</p> </div> <div class="pagination-container"><ul class="pagination"><li class="active"><span>1</span></li><li><a href="/MSF.1104/2">2</a></li><li class="PagedList-skipToNext"><a href="/MSF.1104/2" rel="next">></a></li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="social-icon-popup"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/Scientific.Net.Ltd/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon facebook-popup-icon social-icon"></i></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/Scientific_Net/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon twitter-popup-icon social-icon"></i></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/scientificnet/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon linkedin-popup-icon social-icon"></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="sc-footer"> <div class="footer-fluid"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="footer-menu col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <ul class="list-inline menu-font"> <li><a href="/ForLibraries">For Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/ForPublication/Paper">For Publication</a></li> <li><a href="/insights" target="_blank">Insights</a></li> <li><a href="/DocuCenter">Downloads</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/AboutUs">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="/PolicyAndEthics/PublishingPolicies">Policy & Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/Contacts">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/Imprint">Imprint</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/PrivacyPolicy">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/Sitemap">Sitemap</a></li> <li><a href="/Conferences">All Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="/special-issues">All Special Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/news/all">All News</a></li> <li><a href="/read-and-publish-agreements">Read & Publish Agreements</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="line-footer"></div> <div class="footer-fluid"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/Scientific.Net.Ltd/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon facebook-footer-icon social-icon"></i></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/Scientific_Net/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon twitter-footer-icon social-icon"></i></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/scientificnet/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon linkedin-footer-icon social-icon"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="line-footer"></div> <div class="footer-fluid"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 footer-copyright"> <p> © 2024 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. 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Materials Science Forum Vol. 1104 | Scientific.Net