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href="/wiki/File:Apollo_black_bird_AM_Delphi_8140.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Apollo_black_bird_AM_Delphi_8140.jpg/220px-Apollo_black_bird_AM_Delphi_8140.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Apollo_black_bird_AM_Delphi_8140.jpg/330px-Apollo_black_bird_AM_Delphi_8140.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Apollo_black_bird_AM_Delphi_8140.jpg/440px-Apollo_black_bird_AM_Delphi_8140.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1796" data-file-height="1766" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cylix_of_Apollo" title="Cylix of Apollo">Kylix of Apollo</a>, Attic, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 460</span> BC. <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a> pours a <a href="/wiki/Libation" title="Libation">libation</a>, detail.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Herakles_Geryon_MAR_Palermo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Herakles_Geryon_MAR_Palermo.jpg/220px-Herakles_Geryon_MAR_Palermo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Herakles_Geryon_MAR_Palermo.jpg/330px-Herakles_Geryon_MAR_Palermo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Herakles_Geryon_MAR_Palermo.jpg/440px-Herakles_Geryon_MAR_Palermo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="892" /></a><figcaption>Attic white-ground <i><a href="/wiki/Lekythos" title="Lekythos">lekythos</a></i> (type I) depicting <a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a> fighting <a href="/wiki/Geryon" title="Geryon">Geryon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antonino_Salinas_Regional_Archaeological_Museum" title="Antonino Salinas Regional Archaeological Museum">Antonino Salinas Regional Archaeological Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Woman_spinning_BM_VaseD13.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Woman_spinning_BM_VaseD13.jpg/220px-Woman_spinning_BM_VaseD13.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Woman_spinning_BM_VaseD13.jpg/330px-Woman_spinning_BM_VaseD13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Woman_spinning_BM_VaseD13.jpg/440px-Woman_spinning_BM_VaseD13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Spinning woman, Attic <i><a href="/wiki/Oenochoe" title="Oenochoe">oinochoe</a></i> (type III), probably from Locri, by the <a href="/wiki/Brygos_Painter" title="Brygos Painter">Brygos Painter</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 490</span> BC</figcaption></figure> <p><b>White-ground technique</b> is a style of white ancient <a href="/wiki/Pottery_of_ancient_Greece" title="Pottery of ancient Greece">Greek pottery</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Greek_vase_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek vase painting">painting</a> in which figures appear on a white background. It developed in the region of <a href="/wiki/Attica" title="Attica">Attica</a>, dated to about 500 BC. It was especially associated with vases made for ritual and funerary use, if only because the painted surface was more fragile than in the other main techniques of <a href="/wiki/Black-figure_pottery" title="Black-figure pottery">black-figure</a> and <a href="/wiki/Red-figure_pottery" title="Red-figure pottery">red-figure vase painting</a>. Nevertheless, a wide range of subjects are depicted. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technique_and_style">Technique and style</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White-ground_technique&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Technique and style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_vase_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek vase painting">Ancient Greek vase painting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pottery_of_ancient_Greece" title="Pottery of ancient Greece">Pottery of ancient Greece</a></div> <p>In white-ground pottery, the vase is covered with a light or white <a href="/wiki/Slip_(ceramics)" title="Slip (ceramics)">slip</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kaolinite" title="Kaolinite">kaolinite</a>. A similar slip had been used as carrier for vase paintings in the <a href="/wiki/Geometric_art" title="Geometric art">Geometric</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greece" title="Archaic Greece">Archaic</a> periods. White-ground vases were produced, for example, in <a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laconia" title="Laconia">Laconia</a> and on the <a href="/wiki/Cyclades" title="Cyclades">Cycladic islands</a>, but only in <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> did it develop into a veritable separate style beside black-figure and red-figure vase painting. For that reason, the term "white-ground pottery" or "white-ground vase painting" is usually used in reference to the Attic material only. </p><p>The light slip was probably meant to make the vases appear more valuable, perhaps by eliciting associations with <a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a> or <a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">marble</a>. However, in no case was a vessel's entire surface covered in white slip. It has also been conjectured<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that this form of painting emerged in order to emulate the more prestigious medium of <a href="/wiki/Mural" title="Mural">wall painting</a>, but proof for this thesis has been elusive. Furthermore, the group of five Huge Lekythoi (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 70–100</span> cm high) are covered entirely in white slip, which suggests an imitation of marble lekythoi for funerary purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>White-ground vase painting often occurred in association with <a href="/wiki/Red-figure_pottery" title="Red-figure pottery">red-figure vase painting</a>. Especially typical of this are <i><a href="/wiki/Kylix" title="Kylix">kylikes</a></i> with a white-ground interior and a red-figure exterior image. White-ground painting is less durable than black- or red-figure, which is why such vases were primarily used as <a href="/wiki/Votive_offering" title="Votive offering">votives</a> and grave vessels. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White-ground_technique&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hera_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2685_full.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Hera_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2685_full.jpg/220px-Hera_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2685_full.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Hera_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2685_full.jpg/330px-Hera_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2685_full.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Hera_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2685_full.jpg/440px-Hera_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2685_full.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2236" data-file-height="1808" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hera" title="Hera">Hera</a> on the <i><a href="/wiki/Tondo_(art)" title="Tondo (art)">tondo</a></i> of an Attic white-ground <i><a href="/wiki/Kylix" title="Kylix">kylix</a></i> (type IV) found at <a href="/wiki/Vulci" title="Vulci">Vulci</a>, by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabouroff_Painter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabouroff Painter (page does not exist)">Sabouroff Painter</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 470</span> BC)</figcaption></figure> <p>The development of white-ground vase painting took place parallel to that of the black- and red-figure styles. In the course of that development, five sub-styles can be noted: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mainade_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2645.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mainade_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2645.jpg/220px-Mainade_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2645.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mainade_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2645.jpg/330px-Mainade_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2645.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mainade_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2645.jpg/440px-Mainade_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2645.jpg 2x" data-file-width="983" data-file-height="981" /></a><figcaption>Raging <a href="/wiki/Maenad" title="Maenad">maenad</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Brygos_Painter" title="Brygos Painter">Brygos Painter</a>. She holds a <i><a href="/wiki/Thyrsus" title="Thyrsus">thyrsos</a></i> in her right hand, her left is swinging a panther through the air. A snake is winding through the diadem in her hair. <i>Tondo</i> of a <i>kylix</i>, 490–480 BC. <a href="/wiki/Staatliche_Antikensammlungen" title="Staatliche Antikensammlungen">Staatliche Antikensammlungen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Early use</b>. The earliest surviving example of the technique is a fragmentary <i><a href="/wiki/Kantharos" title="Kantharos">kantharos</a></i> signed by the potter-painter <a href="/wiki/Nearchos_(painter)" title="Nearchos (painter)">Nearchos</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 570</span> BC . It was found on the <a href="/wiki/Acropolis_of_Athens" title="Acropolis of Athens">Athenian Acropolis</a> (Akropolis 611).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The technique was used to create strobing bands of colour that emphasize the shape of the vase.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is associated with the workshops of <a href="/wiki/Andokides_(vase_painter)" title="Andokides (vase painter)">Andokides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikosthenes" title="Nikosthenes">Nikosthenes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Psiax" title="Psiax">Psiax</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Type I</b>. The use of a white ground in conjunction with outline painting did not develop until some fifty years later, when black-figure vase painting on white ground was probably introduced by the potter Nikosthenes around 530/525 BC. After a short interval, this technique was also adopted by other workshops, including that of Psiax.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The manner of painting is the same as in conventional black-figure, the colour of the grounding being the only difference. The ground is rarely pure white, but usually slightly yellowish or light beige. </p><p><b>Type II</b>. A second form is monochrome silhouette drawing. Images are not created from reservation (paint-free areas) and painted internal detail (as in red-figure vase painting), but from drawn outlines and painted internal detail. This style is used since the end of the 6th century BC, especially on cups, <a href="/wiki/Alabastron" title="Alabastron">alabastra</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Lekythos" title="Lekythos">lekythoi</a></i>. Initially, the outline of the figures is executed in the form of a <a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">relief line</a>, but from about 500 BC, this is increasingly replaced by painted yellowish-brown lines. The so-called "semi-outline" technique is a combination of the first and the second technique, used only in the first half of the 5th century BC, virtually exclusively on <i>lekythoi</i> and alabastra. </p><p><b>Type III</b>. In the first quarter of the 5th century, the workshop of the potter <a href="/wiki/Euphronios" title="Euphronios">Euphronios</a> develops a four-colour painting style using a combination of shiny clay slip and mineral paints. The images are made up of outline drawings in shiny slip and coloured areas in mineral paint. This style is used especially on <i>pyxides</i> and cups. Some details, such as fruit, jewellery, weaponry or vessels can be executed in clay slip in such a fashion as to attain a slight plasticity, additionally they may be gilded. The paints used are limited to tones of red and brown, yellow, white and black. </p><p><b>Type IV</b>. Early Classical <i>lekythos</i> painting combined shiny slip, mineral paints and non.ceramic mineral paints, This type developed in the second quarter of the 5th century BC. It was used in painting large grave <i>lekythoi</i> used in funerary cult. The images are mostly constructed of coloured areas. Pure outline drawing is only used for the depiction of male bodies at this stage. Female bodies are rendered in white paint, clothing in black shiny slip, mineral paints and occasionally non-ceramic paints such as <a href="/wiki/Cinnabar" title="Cinnabar">cinnabarite</a> or <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_blue" title="Egyptian blue">Egyptian blue</a>. Many images depict scenes from women's life (the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gynaikion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gynaikion (page does not exist)">gynaikion</a></i>). Grave images are rare. The most important representative of this style is the <a href="/wiki/Achilles_Painter" title="Achilles Painter">Achilles Painter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Type V</b>. The fifth style was polychrome <i>lekythos</i> painting. It replaced Early Classical <i>lekythos</i> painting around the middle of the 5th century BC. By this time, white-ground can be identified most closely with three <a href="/wiki/Typology_of_Greek_vase_shapes" title="Typology of Greek vase shapes">principal shapes</a>: the <i><a href="/wiki/Lekythos" title="Lekythos">lekythos</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Krater" title="Krater">krater</a>, and cups.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Black shiny slip and white paint now disappeared from the paintings. Female bodies were again rendered as simple outline drawings. Non-ceramic mineral paints also ceased to be used. At the same time, several painters, starting with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabouroff_Painter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabouroff Painter (page does not exist)">Sabouroff Painter</a>, began to use red or blackish-grey matt paints, instead of shiny <a href="/wiki/Slip_(ceramics)" title="Slip (ceramics)">slip</a>, for the contours. Only the contours are painted before firing, other paints are applied afterwards. Therefore, the durability of such vase paintings is very limited; many examples are badly preserved or completely worn. As a result, it is difficult to assess the depicted motifs. Grave scenes are predominant. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 972px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Achilles_Ajax_dice_Louvre_MNB911.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Achilles and Ajax playing a board game (Attic lekythos by the workshop of the Diosphos Painter, c. 500 BC)"><img alt="Achilles and Ajax playing a board game (Attic lekythos by the workshop of the Diosphos Painter, c. 500 BC)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Achilles_Ajax_dice_Louvre_MNB911.jpg/104px-Achilles_Ajax_dice_Louvre_MNB911.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Achilles_Ajax_dice_Louvre_MNB911.jpg/156px-Achilles_Ajax_dice_Louvre_MNB911.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Achilles_Ajax_dice_Louvre_MNB911.jpg/208px-Achilles_Ajax_dice_Louvre_MNB911.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="3450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ajax_the_Great" title="Ajax the Great">Ajax</a> playing a board game (Attic <i><a href="/wiki/Lekythos" title="Lekythos">lekythos</a></i> by the workshop of the <a href="/wiki/Diosphos_Painter" title="Diosphos Painter">Diosphos Painter</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 500</span> BC)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:White-Ground_Oinochoe_(Wine-Jug)_of_Herakles_and_the_Nemean_Lion.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="White-ground black-figure oinochoe (Wine-Jug) of Heracles and the Nemean lion, Athens, about 520–500 BC, attributed to the Painter of London, potted by Andokides."><img alt="White-ground black-figure oinochoe (Wine-Jug) of Heracles and the Nemean lion, Athens, about 520–500 BC, attributed to the Painter of London, potted by Andokides." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/White-Ground_Oinochoe_%28Wine-Jug%29_of_Herakles_and_the_Nemean_Lion.jpg/122px-White-Ground_Oinochoe_%28Wine-Jug%29_of_Herakles_and_the_Nemean_Lion.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/White-Ground_Oinochoe_%28Wine-Jug%29_of_Herakles_and_the_Nemean_Lion.jpg/182px-White-Ground_Oinochoe_%28Wine-Jug%29_of_Herakles_and_the_Nemean_Lion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/White-Ground_Oinochoe_%28Wine-Jug%29_of_Herakles_and_the_Nemean_Lion.jpg/243px-White-Ground_Oinochoe_%28Wine-Jug%29_of_Herakles_and_the_Nemean_Lion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="852" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">White-ground black-figure <i><a href="/wiki/Oenochoe" title="Oenochoe">oinochoe</a></i> (Wine-Jug) of Heracles and the <a href="/wiki/Nemean_lion" title="Nemean lion">Nemean lion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, about 520–500 BC, attributed to the Painter of London, potted by <a href="/wiki/Andokides_(vase_painter)" title="Andokides (vase painter)">Andokides</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hypnos_Thanatos_BM_Vase_D56_full.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hypnos and Thanatos removing the body of Sarpedon from the battlefield of Troy (lekythos, Thanatos Painter, c. 440 BC)"><img alt="Hypnos and Thanatos removing the body of Sarpedon from the battlefield of Troy (lekythos, Thanatos Painter, c. 440 BC)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Hypnos_Thanatos_BM_Vase_D56_full.jpg/120px-Hypnos_Thanatos_BM_Vase_D56_full.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Hypnos_Thanatos_BM_Vase_D56_full.jpg/250px-Hypnos_Thanatos_BM_Vase_D56_full.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2789" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hypnos" title="Hypnos">Hypnos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thanatos" title="Thanatos">Thanatos</a> removing the body of <a href="/wiki/Sarpedon_(Trojan_War_hero)" title="Sarpedon (Trojan War hero)">Sarpedon</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">battlefield of Troy</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Lekythos" title="Lekythos">lekythos</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Thanatos_Painter" title="Thanatos Painter">Thanatos Painter</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 440</span> BC)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lekythos_by_the_Group_of_the_Huge_Lekythoi_Antikensammlung_BerlinF_2684_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Prothesis (lying in repose) (Attic plychrome lekythos (type V), from Alopeke, Group of the Huge Lekythoi, late 5th century BC)"><img alt="Prothesis (lying in repose) (Attic plychrome lekythos (type V), from Alopeke, Group of the Huge Lekythoi, late 5th century BC)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lekythos_by_the_Group_of_the_Huge_Lekythoi_Antikensammlung_BerlinF_2684_%281%29.jpg/120px-Lekythos_by_the_Group_of_the_Huge_Lekythoi_Antikensammlung_BerlinF_2684_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lekythos_by_the_Group_of_the_Huge_Lekythoi_Antikensammlung_BerlinF_2684_%281%29.jpg/250px-Lekythos_by_the_Group_of_the_Huge_Lekythoi_Antikensammlung_BerlinF_2684_%281%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1639" data-file-height="2783" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Prothesis</i> (<a href="/wiki/Lying_in_repose" title="Lying in repose">lying in repose</a>) (Attic plychrome <i>lekythos</i> (type V), from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alopeke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alopeke (page does not exist)">Alopeke</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Group_of_the_Huge_Lekythoi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Group of the Huge Lekythoi (page does not exist)">Group of the Huge Lekythoi</a>, late 5th century BC)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Painters_and_distribution">Painters and distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White-ground_technique&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Painters and distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Important Classical white-ground painters (5th century BC), in addition to the Achilleus Painter and Sabouroff Painter, include the <a href="/wiki/Sappho_Painter" title="Sappho Painter">Sappho Painter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thanatos_Painter" title="Thanatos Painter">Thanatos Painter</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bird_Painter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bird Painter (page does not exist)">Bird Painter</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_Painter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Square Painter (page does not exist)">Square Painter</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_Painter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Women Painter (page does not exist)">Women Painter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phiale_Painter" title="Phiale Painter">Phiale Painter</a>, as well as several representatives of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Group_R_(painters)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Group R (painters) (page does not exist)">Group R</a> (<i>Reed Group</i>), including its eponymous <a href="/wiki/Reed_Painter" title="Reed Painter">Reed Painter</a>. By the end of the century, some first attempts at shaded painting can be observed, influenced probably by contemporaneous <a href="/wiki/Panel_painting" title="Panel painting">panel painting</a>. Notable in this regard is the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Group_of_the_Huge_Lekythoi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Group of the Huge Lekythoi (page does not exist)">Group of the Huge Lekythoi</a>, specialised in decorating large grave vessels. During the second half of the 5th century, white-ground vase painting was used nearly exclusively for grave <i>lekythoi</i>. When that vase type went out of use around 400 BC, white-ground vase painting also ceased. </p><p>Later, during the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic period</a>, various types of white-ground pottery occur in several locations of the Greek World, sometimes painted monochrome, sometimes polychrome. They include <a href="/wiki/Hadra_vase" title="Hadra vase">Hâdra vases</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canosa_vases" title="Canosa vases">Canosa vases</a> and vases of the <a href="/wiki/Centuripe_ware" title="Centuripe ware">Centuripe type</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lagynos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lagynos (page does not exist)">Lagynoi</a></i> were often decorated in white-ground technique. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White-ground_technique&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Apollo wearing a laurel or myrtle wreath, a white peplos and a red himation and sandals, seating on a lion-pawed diphros; he holds a chelys lyre in his left hand and pours a libation with his right hand. Facing him, a black bird identified as a pigeon, a jackdaw, a crow (which may allude to his love affair with Coronis) or a raven (a mantic bird). Tondo of an Attic white-ground kylix attributed to the Pistoxenos Painter (or the Berlin Painter, or Onesimos). Diam. 18 cm (7 in.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Tiverios and Tsiafakis, <i>Color in Ancient Greece</i>, 2002, for a survey of opinions on this.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kurtz, <i>Athenian White Lekythoi: Patterns and Painters</i>, Oxford 1975, p.69-70; Schreiber, <i>Athenian Vase Construction: A Potter's Analysis</i>, Malibu 1999, p.183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cohen, <i>Colors of Clay</i>, 2006, p.187</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> 1926,26.49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cohen, <i>op. cit.</i>, p.188</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cohen, <i>op. cit.</i>, p.188</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOakley1997" class="citation book cs1">Oakley, John Howard (1997). <i>The Achilles Painter</i>. P. von Zabern. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783805318891" title="Special:BookSources/9783805318891"><bdi>9783805318891</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Achilles+Painter&rft.pub=P.+von+Zabern&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9783805318891&rft.aulast=Oakley&rft.aufirst=John+Howard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite-ground+technique" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cohen, <i>op. cit.</i>, p.190</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White-ground_technique&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:White-ground_pottery" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:White-ground pottery">White-ground pottery</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donna_Kurtz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donna Kurtz (page does not exist)">Donna Kurtz</a>: <i>Athenian White Lekythoi. Patterns and Painters</i>, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1975.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_L%C3%A9v%C3%AAque" title="Pierre Lévêque">Lévêque, Pierre</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/The_Birth_of_Greece" title="The Birth of Greece">The Birth of Greece</a></i>, "<a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9couvertes_Gallimard" title="Découvertes Gallimard">Abrams Discoveries</a>" series, New York, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-810-92843-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-810-92843-5">978-0-810-92843-5</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Oakley_(archaeologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Oakley (archaeologist) (page does not exist)">John Oakley</a>: <i>Picturing Death in Classical Athens. The Evidence of the White Lekythoi</i>, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-82016-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-82016-2">0-521-82016-2</a>.</li> <li>E. Pottier, <i>Étude sur les lécythes blancs antiques</i>, 1883.</li> <li>Schoder, Raymond V.; <i>Masterpieces of Greek Art</i>. New York Graphic Society.</li> <li>Irma Wehgartner: <i>Attisch weissgrundige Keramik. Maltechniken, Werkstätten, Formen, Verwendung</i>, von Zabern, Mainz 1983 (Keramikforschungen, Vol 5). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8053-0565-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-8053-0565-6">3-8053-0565-6</a>.</li> <li>Irma Wehgartner: <i>Weißgrundige Vasenmalerei</i>. In: <a href="/wiki/Realencyclop%C3%A4die_der_classischen_Altertumswissenschaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft">Der Neue Pauly</a>, vol. 12, cols. 454–456.</li> <li>Woodford, Susan; <i>An Introduction to Greek Art</i>, New York, 1988.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVon_Bothmer,_Dietrich1987" class="citation book cs1">Von Bothmer, Dietrich (1987). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sungyuanpainting0000metr"><i><span></span></i>Greek vase painting<i><span></span></i></a></span>. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0870990845" title="Special:BookSources/0870990845"><bdi>0870990845</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greek+vase+painting&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=The+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0870990845&rft.au=Von+Bothmer%2C+Dietrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsungyuanpainting0000metr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite-ground+technique" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>White ground technique</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=White-ground+technique&library=OLBP">Online books</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=White-ground+technique">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=White-ground+technique&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><b>By White ground technique</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&au=White-ground+technique&library=OLBP">Online books</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&au=White-ground+technique">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&au=White-ground+technique&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li></ul> </div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White-ground_technique&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Kurtz, Donna C. 1975. <i>Athenian white lekythoi: Patterns and painters</i>. Oxford: Clarendon Press.</li> <li>MacDonald, Brian R. 1981. "The emigration of potters from Athens in the late fifth century BC and its effect on the Attic pottery industry". <i>American Journal of Archaeology</i>: 159–68.</li> <li>Mertens, Joan R. 1974. "Attic white-ground cups: A special class of vases". <i>Metropolitan Museum Journal</i> 9: 91–108.</li> <li>–––. 2006. "Attic White Ground: Potter and Painter". In <i>The Colors of Clay: Special Techniques in Athenian Vases</i>: 186–93.</li> <li>Oakley, John H. 2004. <i>Picturing death in Classical Athens: The evidence of the white lekythoi</i>. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.</li> <li>Truitt, Penelope. 1969. "Attic White-Ground Pyxis and Phiale, ca. 450 BC". <i>Boston Museum Bulletin</i>: 72–92.</li> <li>Von Bothmer, Dietrich. 1972. "Greek vase painting: an introduction." <i>The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin</i> 31(1): 3–9.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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ancient Greece</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aegean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minyan_ware" title="Minyan ware">Minyan ware</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minoan_pottery" title="Minoan pottery">Minoan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamares_ware" title="Kamares ware">Kamares ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasiliki_ware" title="Vasiliki ware">Vasiliki ware</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_pottery" title="Mycenaean pottery">Mycenaean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sub-Mycenaean_pottery" title="Sub-Mycenaean pottery">Sub-Mycenaean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cycladic_art" title="Cycladic art">Cycladic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frying_pans" title="Frying pans">Frying pans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient Greece proper</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bilingual_vase_painting" title="Bilingual vase painting">Bilingual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-figure_pottery" title="Black-figure pottery">Black-figure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-glazed_Ware" title="Black-glazed Ware">Black-glazed Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucchero" title="Bucchero">Bucchero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-figure_pottery" title="Red-figure pottery">Red-figure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Italian_ancient_Greek_pottery" title="South Italian ancient Greek pottery">South Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Slope_Ware" title="West Slope Ware">West Slope Ware</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">White-ground</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_artists#Potters" title="List of Greek artists">Potters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amasis_(potter)" title="Amasis (potter)">Amasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergotimos" title="Ergotimos">Ergotimos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphronios" title="Euphronios">Euphronios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthymides" title="Euthymides">Euthymides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gryton" title="Gryton">Gryton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypereides_(potter)" title="Hypereides (potter)">Hypereides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikosthenes" title="Nikosthenes">Nikosthenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamphaios" title="Pamphaios">Pamphaios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophilos" title="Sophilos">Sophilos</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Little_Masters55" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Little_Masters_(Greek_vase_painting)" title="Little Masters (Greek vase painting)">Little Masters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ergoteles_(potter)" title="Ergoteles (potter)">Ergoteles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermogenes_(potter)" title="Hermogenes (potter)">Hermogenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrynos" title="Phrynos">Phrynos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokles" title="Sokles">Sokles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tleson" title="Tleson">Tleson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_ancient_Greek_pottery" title="Conservation and restoration of ancient Greek pottery">Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Vasorum_Antiquorum" title="Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum">Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disjecta_membra" title="Disjecta membra">Disjecta membra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_glass" title="Hellenistic glass">Hellenistic glass</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">LIMC</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_vase" title="Name vase">Name vase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip_(ceramics)" title="Slip (ceramics)">Slip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symposium" title="Symposium">Symposium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanagra_figurine" title="Tanagra figurine">Tanagra figurine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_terracotta_figurines" title="Greek terracotta figurines">Terracotta figurines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-phase_firing" title="Three-phase firing">Three-phase firing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typology_of_Greek_vase_shapes" title="Typology of Greek vase shapes">Vase types</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancient_Greek_vase_painting134" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greek_vase_painting" title="Template:Greek vase painting"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greek_vase_painting" title="Template talk:Greek vase painting"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greek_vase_painting" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greek vase painting"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_Greek_vase_painting134" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pottery_of_ancient_Greece" title="Pottery of ancient Greece">Ancient Greek vase painting</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three-phase_firing" title="Three-phase firing">Three-phase firing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilingual_vase_painting" title="Bilingual vase painting">Bilingual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_ground_technique" class="mw-redirect" title="White ground technique">White-ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-glazed_Ware" title="Black-glazed Ware">Black-glazed Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Slope_Ware" title="West Slope Ware">West Slope Ware</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Black-figure_pottery" title="Black-figure pottery">Black-figure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Six%27s_technique" title="Six's technique">Six's</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Red-figure_pottery" title="Red-figure pottery">Red-figure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerch_style" title="Kerch style">Kerch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stylistic periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sub-Mycenaean_pottery" title="Sub-Mycenaean pottery">Sub-Mycenaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protogeometric_style" title="Protogeometric style">Protogeometric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geometric_art" title="Geometric art">Geometric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orientalizing_period" title="Orientalizing period">Orientalizing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stylistic regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argive_vase_painting" title="Argive vase painting">Argive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery_of_ancient_Greece" title="Pottery of ancient Greece">Attic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalkidian_pottery" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalkidian pottery">Chalkidian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Chalkidian_vase_painting" title="Pseudo-Chalkidian vase painting">Pseudo-Chalkidian</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycladic_vase_painting" title="Cycladic vase painting">Cycladic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euboean_vase_painting" title="Euboean vase painting">Euboean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laconian_vase_painting" title="Laconian vase painting">Laconian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thessalian_vase_painting" title="Thessalian vase painting">Thessalian</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Greek_vase_painting" title="East Greek vase painting">East Greek</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ionic_vase_painting" title="Ionic vase painting">Ionic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klazomenian_vase_painting" title="Klazomenian vase painting">Klazomenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodian_vase_painting" title="Rhodian vase painting">Rhodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samian_vase_painting" title="Samian vase painting">Samian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Goat_Style" title="Wild Goat Style">Wild Goat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caeretan_hydria" title="Caeretan hydria">Caeretan hydria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Italian_ancient_Greek_pottery" title="South Italian ancient Greek pottery">South Italian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucanian_vase_painting" title="Lucanian vase painting">Lucanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paestan_vase_painting" title="Paestan vase painting">Paestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campanian_vase_painting" title="Campanian vase painting">Campanian</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apulian_vase_painting" title="Apulian vase painting">Apulian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canosa_vases" title="Canosa vases">Canosa vases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnathia_vases" title="Gnathia vases">Gnathia vases</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_vase_painting" title="Sicilian vase painting">Sicilian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centuripe_ware" title="Centuripe ware">Centuripe ware</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boeotian_vase_painting" title="Boeotian vase painting">Boeotian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kabiria_Group" title="Kabiria Group">Kabiria Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_vase_painting" title="Etruscan vase painting">Etruscan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Group" title="Pontic Group">Pontic Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Painters <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_vase_painters" title="List of Greek vase painters">List of Greek vase painters</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scholars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Beazley" title="John Beazley">John Beazley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Furtwangler" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolf Furtwangler">Adolf Furtwangler</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_vasorum_antiquorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Corpus vasorum antiquorum">Corpus vasorum antiquorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Greek_Bird_Bowl" title="East Greek Bird Bowl">East Greek Bird Bowl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadra_vase" title="Hadra vase">Hadra vase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalos_inscription" title="Kalos inscription">Kalos inscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_vase" title="Name vase">Name vase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White-ground_technique&oldid=1269535413">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White-ground_technique&oldid=1269535413</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Greek_vase-painting_styles" title="Category:Ancient Greek vase-painting styles">Ancient Greek vase-painting styles</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: 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