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id="toc-Expulsions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expulsions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Expulsions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expulsions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item 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cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Potsdam Agreement</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85" title="اتفاقية بوتسدام – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اتفاقية بوتسدام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="পটছডাম চুক্তি – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পটছডাম চুক্তি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_(1945)" title="Патсдамскае пагадненне (1945) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Патсдамскае пагадненне (1945)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Потсдамско споразумение – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Потсдамско споразумение" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acord_de_Potsdam" title="Acord de Potsdam – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Acord de Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postupimsk%C3%A1_dohoda" title="Postupimská dohoda – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Postupimská dohoda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdamaftalen" title="Potsdamaftalen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Potsdamaftalen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdamer_Abkommen" title="Potsdamer Abkommen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Potsdamer Abkommen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acuerdo_de_Potsdam" title="Acuerdo de Potsdam – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Acuerdo de Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocdama_Interkonsento" title="Pocdama Interkonsento – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pocdama Interkonsento" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%82_%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85" title="توافق پوتسدام – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توافق پوتسدام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EC%B8%A0%EB%8B%B4_%ED%98%91%EC%A0%95" title="포츠담 협정 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포츠담 협정" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="पॉट्सडैम समझौता – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पॉट्सडैम समझौता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perjanjian_Potsdam" title="Perjanjian Potsdam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perjanjian Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A1%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="პოტსდამის შეთანხმება – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პოტსდამის შეთანხმება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdamer_Ofkommes" title="Potsdamer Ofkommes – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Potsdamer Ofkommes" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkoord_van_Potsdam" title="Akkoord van Potsdam – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Akkoord van Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%84%E3%83%80%E3%83%A0%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="ポツダム協定 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポツダム協定" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdamavtalen" title="Potsdamavtalen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Potsdamavtalen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B3%DA%88%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%DB%81%D8%AF%DB%81" title="پوٹسڈم معاہدہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پوٹسڈم معاہدہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acordo_de_Potsdam" title="Acordo de Potsdam – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Acordo de Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acordul_de_la_Potsdam" title="Acordul de la Potsdam – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Acordul de la Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_(1945)" title="Потсдамское соглашение (1945) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Потсдамское соглашение (1945)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postupimsk%C3%A1_dohoda" title="Postupimská dohoda – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Postupimská dohoda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdamski_sporazum" title="Potsdamski sporazum – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Potsdamski sporazum" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdamin_sopimus" title="Potsdamin sopimus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Potsdamin sopimus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam%C3%B6verenskommelsen" title="Potsdamöverenskommelsen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Potsdamöverenskommelsen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam_Anla%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1" title="Potsdam Anlaşması – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Potsdam Anlaşması" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B3%DA%88%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%DB%81%D8%AF%DB%81" title="پوٹسڈم معاہدہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پوٹسڈم معاہدہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%8C%A8%E5%9D%A6%E5%8D%8F%E5%AE%9A" title="波茨坦协定 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="波茨坦协定" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1945 agreement between the major 3 Allies regarding the end of World War II</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Treaty of Potsdam" redirects here. For the 1805 treaty, see <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Potsdam_(1805)" title="Treaty of Potsdam (1805)">Treaty of Potsdam (1805)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Declaration" title="Potsdam Declaration">Potsdam Declaration</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Potsdam_big_three.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Potsdam_big_three.jpg/320px-Potsdam_big_three.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Potsdam_big_three.jpg/480px-Potsdam_big_three.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Potsdam_big_three.jpg/640px-Potsdam_big_three.jpg 2x" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="591" /></a><figcaption>The "Big Three": Attlee, Truman, Stalin</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Potsdam Agreement</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Potsdamer Abkommen</i>) was the agreement among three of the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies of World War II</a>: the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> after the war ended in Europe that was signed on 1 August 1945 and it was published the next day. A product of the <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Conference" title="Potsdam Conference">Potsdam Conference</a>, it concerned the military occupation and reconstruction of <a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">Germany</a>, its <a href="/wiki/Former_eastern_territories_of_Germany" title="Former eastern territories of Germany">border</a>, and the entire <a href="/wiki/European_Theatre_of_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="European Theatre of World War II">European Theatre of War</a> territory. It also addressed Germany's <a href="/wiki/Demilitarisation" title="Demilitarisation">demilitarisation</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_reparations_for_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="German reparations for World War II">reparations</a>, the prosecution of <a href="/wiki/War_criminal" class="mw-redirect" title="War criminal">war criminals</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944%E2%80%931950)" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)">mass expulsion of ethnic Germans</a> from various parts of Europe. France was not invited to the conference but formally remained one of the powers occupying Germany. </p><p>Executed as a communiqué, the agreement was not a <a href="/wiki/Peace_treaty" title="Peace treaty">peace treaty</a> according to <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a>, although it created accomplished facts. It was superseded by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Final_Settlement_with_Respect_to_Germany" title="Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany">Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany</a> signed on 12 September 1990. </p><p>As <a href="/wiki/De_Gaulle" class="mw-redirect" title="De Gaulle">De Gaulle</a> had not been invited to the Conference, the French resisted implementing the Potsdam Agreements within their occupation zone. In particular, the French refused to resettle any expelled Germans from the east. Moreover, the French did not accept any obligation to abide by the Potsdam Agreement in the proceedings of the Allied Control Council; in particular resisting all proposals to establish common policies and institutions across Germany as a whole (for example France separated Saarland from Germany to establish <a href="/wiki/Saar_Protectorate" title="Saar Protectorate">its protectorate</a> on 17 December 1947), and anything that they feared might lead to the emergence of an eventual unified German government.<sup id="cite_ref-Ziemke_1990_114_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ziemke_1990_114-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam_Agreement&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="End of World War II in Europe">end of World War II in Europe</a> (1939–1945), and the decisions of the earlier <a href="/wiki/Tehran_Conference" title="Tehran Conference">Tehran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Casablanca_Conference" title="Casablanca Conference">Casablanca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yalta_Conference" title="Yalta Conference">Yalta Conferences</a>, the Allies assumed supreme authority over Germany by the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Declaration_(1945)" title="Berlin Declaration (1945)">Berlin Declaration</a> of June 5, 1945. </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Conference" title="Potsdam Conference">Potsdam Conference</a> the Western Allies were presented with <a href="/wiki/Stalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalin">Stalin</a>'s <i>fait accompli</i> awarding Soviet-occupied Poland the river Oder as its western border,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> placing the entire Soviet Occupation Zone east of it (with the exception of the <a href="/wiki/Konigsberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Konigsberg">Kaliningrad</a> enclave), including <a href="/wiki/Pomerania" title="Pomerania">Pomerania</a>, most of <a href="/wiki/East_Prussia" title="East Prussia">East Prussia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Danzig" class="mw-redirect" title="Danzig">Danzig</a>, under Polish administration. The German population who had not fled were expelled and their properties acquisitioned by the state.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President Truman and the British delegations protested at these actions. </p><p>The Three Power Conference took place from 17 July to 2 August 1945, in which they adopted the <i>Protocol of the Proceedings, August 1, 1945</i>, signed at <a href="/wiki/Cecilienhof" title="Cecilienhof">Cecilienhof</a> Palace in <a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a>. The signatories were General Secretary <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>, President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a>, and Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a>, who, as a result of the <a href="/wiki/1945_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1945 United Kingdom general election">British general election of 1945</a>, had replaced <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> as the UK's representative. The three powers also agreed to invite <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">China</a> to participate as members of the Council of Foreign Ministers established to oversee the agreement. The <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_French_Republic" title="Provisional Government of the French Republic">Provisional Government of the French Republic</a> accepted the invitation on August 7, with the key reservation that it would not accept <i>a priori</i> any commitment to the eventual reconstitution of a central government in Germany. </p><p><a href="/wiki/James_F._Byrnes" title="James F. Byrnes">James F. Byrnes</a> wrote "we specifically refrained from promising to support at the German Peace Conference any particular line as the western frontier of Poland." The Berlin Protocol declared: "The three heads of government reaffirm their opinion that the final delimitation of the western frontier of Poland should await the [final] peace settlement." Byrnes continues: "In the light of this history, it is difficult to credit with good faith any person who asserts that Poland's western boundary was fixed by the conferences, or that there was a promise that it would be established at some particular place."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, the <a href="/wiki/Oder-Neisse_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Oder-Neisse Line">Oder-Neisse Line</a> was set as Poland's provisional (and therefore theoretically subject to change) western frontier in Article 8 of the Agreement but was not finalized as Poland's permanent western frontier until the 1990 <a href="/wiki/German-Polish_Border_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="German-Polish Border Treaty">German-Polish Border Treaty</a>, having been recognized by East Germany in 1950 (in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Zgorzelec" title="Treaty of Zgorzelec">Treaty of Zgorzelec</a>) 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:115%;"><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Germany" title="Territorial evolution of Germany">Territorial evolution of Germany</a><br />in the 20th century</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Pre-World War II</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_5th_November" title="Act of 5th November">Act of 5th November</a> proclaiming <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Poland_(1917%E2%80%931918)" title="Kingdom of Poland (1917–1918)">Kingdom of Poland</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk_(Ukraine%E2%80%93Central_Powers)" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Ukraine–Central Powers)">Treaty of Brest-Litovsk</a> with Ukraine (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Treaty of Brest-Litovsk</a> with Soviet Russia (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Polish_Convention_regarding_Upper_Silesia" title="German–Polish Convention regarding Upper Silesia">German–Polish Convention regarding Upper Silesia</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Saar_status_referendum" title="1935 Saar status referendum">Return of the Saar Basin</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remilitarization_of_the_Rhineland" class="mw-redirect" title="Remilitarization of the Rhineland">Remilitarization of the Rhineland</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss"><i>Anschluss</i> with Austria</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Munich Agreement</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Germany#Invasion_of_the_rest_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Territorial evolution of Germany">Seizure of Czechoslovakia</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Germany#Memel_Territory" title="Territorial evolution of Germany">Treaty of the Cession of the <br />Memel Territory to Germany</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact">Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact</a> (1939)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fdeutschland" class="mw-redirect" title="Großdeutschland">Großdeutschland</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_areas_annexed_by_Nazi_Germany" title="Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany">Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Government" title="General Government">General Government</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Zone_interdite" title="Zone interdite">Zone interdite</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Soviet_Border_and_Commercial_Agreement" title="German–Soviet Border and Commercial Agreement">German–Soviet Border and Commercial Agreement</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Conference" title="Tehran Conference">Tehran Conference</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Conference_(1943)" title="Moscow Conference (1943)">Moscow Conference and Declaration on Austria</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yalta_Conference" title="Yalta Conference">Yalta Conference</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Conference" title="Potsdam Conference">Potsdam Conference</a> (1945)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Post-World War II</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Declaration_(1945)" title="Berlin Declaration (1945)">Berlin Declaration</a> (1945)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Potsdam Agreement</a> (1945)</li> <li>Luxembourg's annexations (1946 and 1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saar_Protectorate" title="Saar Protectorate">Saar Protectorate</a> (1947)</li> <li>Paris Protocol (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_annexation_of_German_territory_after_the_Second_World_War#Overview_of_areas_annexed_in_1949_(from_north_to_south)" title="Dutch annexation of German territory after the Second World War">Dutch annexation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Elten" title="Elten">Elten</a> and <a href="/wiki/Selfkant" title="Selfkant">Selfkant</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_annexation_plans_after_the_Second_World_War" title="Belgian annexation plans after the Second World War">Belgian annexations</a> (1949)</li> <li>Esrablishment of <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Zgorzelec" title="Treaty of Zgorzelec">Treaty of Zgorzelec</a> (1950)</li> <li>Minor territorial exchanges between East Germany and Poland (1949 and 1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonn%E2%80%93Paris_conventions" title="Bonn–Paris conventions">Bonn–Paris conventions</a> and <i>de facto</i> return of <a href="/wiki/Heligoland" title="Heligoland">Heligoland</a> from the UK (1952)</li> <li>Return of <a href="/wiki/Kehl" title="Kehl">Kehl</a> from France (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_and_Paris_Conferences" title="London and Paris Conferences">London and Paris Conferences</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_State_Treaty" title="Austrian State Treaty">Austrian State Treaty</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saar_Treaty" title="Saar Treaty">Saar Treaty</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saar_Protectorate#Referendum_and_the_Little_Reunification_with_Germany" title="Saar Protectorate">"Little Reunification" with Saarland</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93Germany_border" title="Belgium–Germany border">Belgium–Germany border</a> treaty and return of the majority of annexations (1958)</li> <li>Return of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kammerwald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kammerwald (page does not exist)">Kammerwald</a> from Luxembourg (1959)</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Ausgleichsvertrag</i></span> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selfkant#German_municipality" title="Selfkant">Return of Selfkant</a> (1963)</li> <li>Polish–East German Baltic Continental Shelf Delimitation Treaty (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Moscow_(1970)" title="Treaty of Moscow (1970)">Treaty of Moscow</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Warsaw_(1970)" title="Treaty of Warsaw (1970)">Treaty of Warsaw</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Power_Agreement_on_Berlin" title="Four Power Agreement on Berlin">Four Power Agreement on Berlin</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_Treaty,_1972" title="Basic Treaty, 1972">Basic Treaty</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Prague_(1973)" title="Treaty of Prague (1973)">Treaty of Prague</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_335" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 335">United Nations Security Council Resolution 335</a> (1973)</li> <li>Polish–East German Maritime Boundary in Pomeranian Bay Delimitation Treaty (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Polish_Border_Treaty" title="German–Polish Border Treaty">German–Polish Border Treaty</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Final_Settlement_with_Respect_to_Germany" title="Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany">Two Plus Four Treaty</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Good_Neighbourship" title="Treaty of Good Neighbourship">Treaty of Good Neighbourship</a> (1991)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Areas and issues</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alsace%E2%80%93Lorraine" title="Alsace–Lorraine">Alsace–Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_eastern_territories_of_Germany" title="Former eastern territories of Germany">Former eastern territories of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_question" title="German question">German question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallstein_Doctrine" title="Hallstein Doctrine">Hallstein Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drang_nach_Osten" title="Drang nach Osten">Drang nach Osten</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Lebensraum" title="Lebensraum">Lebensraum</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Ostpolitik" title="Ostpolitik">Ostpolitik</a></i></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Adjacent countries</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_France" title="Territorial evolution of France">Territorial evolution of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Poland" title="Territorial evolution of Poland">Territorial evolution of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Switzerland" title="Territorial evolution of Switzerland">Territorial evolution of Switzerland</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output 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nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:115%;"><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Poland" title="Territorial evolution of Poland">Territorial evolution of Poland</a><br />in the 20th century</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Pre-World War II</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_in_the_Kingdom_of_Poland_(1905%E2%80%931907)" title="Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland (1905–1907)">Revolution in Congress Poland</a> (1905–1907) <ul><li>Ostrowiec Republic</li> <li>Zagłębie Republic</li></ul></li> <li>Separation of <a href="/wiki/Kholm_Governorate_(Russian_Empire)" title="Kholm Governorate (Russian Empire)">Kholm Governorate</a> from <a href="/wiki/Congress_Poland" title="Congress Poland">Congress Poland</a> and annexation into Russian <a href="/wiki/Kiev_General_Governorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiev General Governorate">Kiev General Governorate</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_5th_November" title="Act of 5th November">Act of 5th November</a> by the Central Powers proclaiming <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Poland_(1917%E2%80%931918)" title="Kingdom of Poland (1917–1918)">Kingdom of Poland</a> (1916)</li> <li>Central Powers-<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="Ukrainian People's Republic">Ukrainian People's Republic</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_State" title="Ukrainian State">Ukrainian State</a> <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk_(Ukraine%E2%80%93Central_Powers)" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Ukraine–Central Powers)">Treaty of Brest-Litovsk</a> (1918)</li> <li>Central Powers-Soviet Russia <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Treaty of Brest-Litovsk</a> (1918)</li> <li>Short-lived Byelorussian, Ukrainian and Rusyn republics (1917-1920): <a href="/wiki/West_Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="West Ukrainian People's Republic"> West Ukrainian People's</a> (later absorbed into Poland-allied <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="Ukrainian People's Republic"> Ukrainian People 's</a>), <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Democratic_Republic" title="Belarusian Democratic Republic">Belarusian Democratic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lemko_Republic" title="Lemko Republic">Lemko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Komancza_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Komancza Republic">Komancza</a></li> <li>Local revolts and transient polities in postwar power vacuum (1918) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tarnobrzeg_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarnobrzeg Republic">Tarnobrzeg Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Zakopane" title="Republic of Zakopane">Republic of Zakopane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Republic_of_Pi%C5%84cz%C3%B3w" title="First Republic of Pińczów">First Republic of Pińczów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witkowo" title="Witkowo">Witkowo</a> Revolt</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ostr%C3%B3w" title="Republic of Ostrów">Republic of Ostrów</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Restoration of Polish independence</a> (1918) and ensuing wars to preserve it (1918-1922): <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1918%E2%80%931919)" title="Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)">Greater Poland uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Uprisings" title="Silesian Uprisings">Silesian Uprisings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Czechoslovak_War" title="Polish–Czechoslovak War">Polish–Czechoslovak War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ukrainian_War" title="Polish–Ukrainian War">Polish-West Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish-Soviet_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish-Soviet War">War of Polish-Ukrainian alliance</a> against <a href="/wiki/Russian_SFSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian SFSR">Soviet Russia</a> (1920-1921) and its satellites: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian SSR">Ukrainian SSR</a></li> <li>short-lived <a href="/wiki/Galician_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Galician Soviet Socialist Republic">Galician SSR</a> later merged into the former</li> <li>short-lived <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Soviet_Republic_of_Lithuania_and_Belorussia" title="Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Belorussia">SSR of Lithuania and Belorussia</a></li> <li>attempted <a href="/wiki/Polish_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Polish Soviet Socialist Republic">Polish SSR</a> later dissolved and replaced with token <a href="/wiki/Polish_National_District" title="Polish National District">Polish National Districts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish-Lithuanian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish-Lithuanian War">Polish-Lithuanian War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Saint-Germain-en-Laye_(1919)" title="Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)">Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa%C5%82ki_Agreement" title="Suwałki Agreement">Suwałki Agreement</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Warsaw_(1920)" title="Treaty of Warsaw (1920)">Treaty of Warsaw</a> (1920) with <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="Ukrainian People's Republic">Ukrainian People's Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_East_Prussian_plebiscite" title="1920 East Prussian plebiscite">1920 East Prussian plebiscite</a> (1920)</li> <li>Polish satellite states <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Central_Lithuania" title="Republic of Central Lithuania">Republic of Central Lithuania</a> (1920-1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Danzig" title="Free City of Danzig">Free City of Danzig</a> under <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> protection (1921-1939)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Riga" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace of Riga">Peace of Riga</a> (1921): eastern border of Poland accepted by <a href="/wiki/Russian_SFSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian SFSR">Russian SFSR</a> and its satellites (<a href="/wiki/Byelorussian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Byelorussian SSR">Byelorussian SSR</a> which replaced <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Soviet_Republic_of_Lithuania_and_Belorussia" title="Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Belorussia">SSR of Lithuania and Belorussia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian SSR">Ukrainian SSR</a> which replaced <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="Ukrainian People's Republic">Ukrainian People's Republic</a>)</li> <li>Incorporation of <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Central_Lithuania" title="Republic of Central Lithuania">Central Lithuania</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Polish_Convention_regarding_Upper_Silesia" title="German–Polish Convention regarding Upper Silesia">German–Polish Convention regarding Upper Silesia</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_National_District" title="Polish National District">Polish National Districts</a> of the Soviet Union (1925-1937) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marchlewszczyzna" title="Marchlewszczyzna">Marchlewszczyzna</a> (1925-1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzier%C5%BCy%C5%84szczyzna" class="mw-redirect" title="Dzierżyńszczyzna">Dzierżyńszczyzna</a> (1932-1937)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Munich Agreement</a> and Polish annexation of <a href="/wiki/Trans-Olza" title="Trans-Olza">Trans-Olza</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Vienna_Award" title="First Vienna Award">First Vienna Award</a> and Polish annexation of parts of <a href="/wiki/Spi%C5%A1" title="Spiš">Spiš</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orava_(region)" title="Orava (region)">Orava</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact">Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact</a> (1939) <ul><li>Secret <a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Soviet_Boundary_and_Friendship_Treaty" title="German–Soviet Boundary and Friendship Treaty">German–Soviet Boundary and Friendship Treaty</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_division_of_Polish_territories_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative division of Polish territories during World War II">Wartime administrative division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_areas_annexed_by_Nazi_Germany" title="Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany">Territories of Poland and Danzig annexed by Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Government" title="General Government">General Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_Poland_annexed_by_the_Soviet_Union" title="Territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union">Polish areas annexed by USSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_government-in-exile" title="Polish government-in-exile">Polish government-in-exile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polish_Underground_State" title="Polish Underground State">Polish Underground State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Soviet_Border_and_Commercial_Agreement" title="German–Soviet Border and Commercial Agreement">German–Soviet Border and Commercial Agreement</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bialystok_District" title="Bialystok District">Bialystok District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorski%E2%80%93Mayski_agreement" title="Sikorski–Mayski agreement">Sikorski–Mayski agreement</a> (1941)</li> <li>Transient Polish-controlled areas (1944) <ul><li>Turgiele Republic</li> <li>Iwonicz Republic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Pi%C5%84cz%C3%B3w_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Pińczów Republic">Second Pińczów Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a></li></ul></li> <li>Allied conferences <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Conference" title="Tehran Conference">Tehran Conference</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Conference_(1943)" title="Moscow Conference (1943)">Moscow Conference</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yalta_Conference" title="Yalta Conference">Yalta Conference</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Conference" title="Potsdam Conference">Potsdam Conference</a> (1945)</li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Post World War II</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Potsdam Agreement</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_border_agreement_of_August_1945" title="Polish–Soviet border agreement of August 1945">Polish–Soviet border agreement</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Zgorzelec" title="Treaty of Zgorzelec">Treaty of Zgorzelec</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_territorial_exchange" title="1951 Polish–Soviet territorial exchange">Polish-Soviet Border Adjustment Treaty</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Czechoslovak_border_conflicts#Aftermath" title="Polish–Czechoslovak border conflicts">Polish-Czechoslovak Border Treaty</a> (1958)</li> <li>Polish-East German Baltic Continental Shelf Delimitation Treaty (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Warsaw_(1970)" title="Treaty of Warsaw (1970)">Treaty of Warsaw (1970)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Czechoslovak_border_conflicts#Aftermath" title="Polish–Czechoslovak border conflicts">Polish-Czechoslovak Border Adjustment</a> (1976)</li> <li>Polish-East German Maritime Boundary in Pomeranian Bay Delimitation Treaty (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Polish_Border_Treaty_(1990)" class="mw-redirect" title="German–Polish Border Treaty (1990)">German-Polish Border Treaty</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Final_Settlement_with_Respect_to_Germany" title="Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany">Two Plus Four Treaty</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Good_Neighbourship" title="Treaty of Good Neighbourship">Treaty of Good Neighbourship</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93Slovakia_border#2005_adjustment" title="Poland–Slovakia border">Poland–Slovakia Border Adjustment</a> (2005)</li> <li>Polish-Danish Maritime Boundary Delimitation Agreement (2018)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Areas</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li>Remnants of Polish statehood during partitions: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_Poland" title="Congress Poland">Congress Poland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Vistula_Land" title="Vistula Land">Vistula Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia_and_Lodomeria#Galician_autonomy" title="Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria">Galician autonomy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kresy" title="Kresy">Kresy Wschodnie</a> ("Eastern Borderlands") <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Krai" title="Western Krai">Taken Lands</a> (remainder of Russian partition of Poland) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wile%C5%84szczyzna" class="mw-redirect" title="Wileńszczyzna">Wileńszczyzna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grodzie%C5%84szczyzna" class="mw-redirect" title="Grodzieńszczyzna">Grodzieńszczyzna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_Land" title="Lwów Land">Lwów Land</a></li></ul></li> <li>Areas of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia_and_Lodomeria" title="Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria">Galicia and Lodomeria</a> east of river <a href="/wiki/San_(river)" title="San (river)">San</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kresy_Zachodnie" class="mw-redirect" title="Kresy Zachodnie">Kresy Zachodnie</a> ("Western Borderlands") <ul><li>1815-1918 used as synonymous with entire Prussian partition of Poland</li> <li>1918-1945 used in altered meaning <ul><li>regions unsuccessfully claimed from Germany by interwar Poland, in particular <a href="/wiki/Upper_Silesia" title="Upper Silesia">Upper Silesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warmia" title="Warmia">Warmia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masuria" title="Masuria">Masuria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Powi%C5%9Ble_(region)" title="Powiśle (region)">Powiśle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Posen-West_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Posen-West Prussia">Posen-West Prussia</a>, sometimes also <a href="/wiki/Starostwo_of_Draheim" title="Starostwo of Draheim">Starostwo of Draheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lauenburg_and_B%C3%BCtow_Land" title="Lauenburg and Bütow Land">Lauenburg and Bütow Land</a> and easternmost <a href="/wiki/Hither_Pomerania" class="mw-redirect" title="Hither Pomerania">Hither Pomerania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lands_of_Schlawe_and_Stolp" title="Lands of Schlawe and Stolp">Lands of Schlawe and Stolp</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Olza" title="Trans-Olza">Zaolzie</a></li></ul></li> <li>After 1945, the <a href="/wiki/Former_eastern_territories_of_Germany" title="Former eastern territories of Germany">former eastern territories of Germany</a> were called <a href="/wiki/Recovered_Territories" title="Recovered Territories">Recovered Territories</a>, while the term <i>Kresy Zachodnie</i> fell into disuse, though it was sometimes invoked to denote Polish claims to some East German territories such as <a href="/wiki/Western_Pomerania" title="Western Pomerania">Wolgast Pomerania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Lusatia" title="Upper Lusatia">Milsko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mi%C5%9Bnia" class="mw-redirect" title="Miśnia">Miśnia</a> or <a href="/wiki/Lausitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Lausitz">Lausitz</a>, raised typically only until early 1970s as counterclaims to retaliate for West German calls for revision of <a href="/wiki/Oder%E2%80%93Neisse_line" title="Oder–Neisse line">Oder–Neisse line</a>.</li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Demarcation lines</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1918%E2%80%931919)#Between_ceasefire_and_reunification" title="Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)">Greater Poland military demarcation line</a> (1919-1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Olza#Decision_time_(1918–1920)" title="Trans-Olza">Cieszyn Silesia demarcation line</a> (1918-1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_War#Demarcation_lines" title="Polish–Lithuanian War">Polish–Lithuanian demarcation line</a> (1919-1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curzon_Line" title="Curzon Line">Curzon Line</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Uprisings#Aftermath" title="Silesian Uprisings">Upper Silesia demarcation line</a> (1921-1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_War#Aftermath" title="Polish–Lithuanian War">Polish–Lithuanian demarcation line</a> (1923-1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oder%E2%80%93Neisse_line" title="Oder–Neisse line">Oder–Neisse line</a> (1945–1951)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Adjacent countries</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Germany" title="Territorial evolution of Germany">Territorial evolution of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_changes_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Territorial changes of the Baltic states">Territorial changes of the Baltic states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Russia" title="Territorial evolution of Russia">Territorial evolution of Russia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Territorial_evolution_of_Poland" title="Template:Territorial evolution of Poland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Territorial_evolution_of_Poland" title="Template talk:Territorial evolution of Poland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Territorial_evolution_of_Poland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Territorial evolution of Poland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the Potsdam Agreement (Berlin Conference) the Allies (UK, USSR, US) agreed on the following matters:<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Establishment of a <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Foreign_Ministers" title="Council of Foreign Ministers">Council of Foreign Ministers</a>, also including France and China; tasked the preparation of a peace settlement for Germany, to be accepted by the Government of Germany once a government adequate for the purpose had been established. <dl><dd>See the London Conference of Foreign Ministers and the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Conference_(1945)" title="Moscow Conference (1945)">Moscow Conference</a> which took place later in 1945.</dd></dl></li> <li>The principles to govern the treatment of Germany in the initial control period. <dl><dd>See <a href="/wiki/European_Advisory_Commission" title="European Advisory Commission">European Advisory Commission</a> and <a href="/wiki/Allied_Control_Council" title="Allied Control Council">Allied Control Council</a></dd></dl> <ul><li>A. Political principles.</li></ul> <dl><dd>Post-war Germany to be divided into four Occupation Zones under the control of Britain, the Soviet Union, the United States and France; with the Commanders-in-chief of each country's forces exercising sovereign authority over matters within their own zones, while exercising authority jointly through the Allied Control Council for 'Germany as a whole'.</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Democratization" title="Democratization">Democratization</a>. Treatment of Germany as a single unit. Disarmament and <a href="/wiki/Demilitarization" class="mw-redirect" title="Demilitarization">Demilitarization</a>. Elimination of all <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazi</a> influence.</dd></dl> <ul><li>B. Economic principles.</li></ul> <dl><dd>Reduction or destruction of all civilian heavy industry with war potential, such as shipbuilding, machine production and chemical factories. Restructuring of German economy towards agriculture and light industry.</dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_reparations_for_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="German reparations for World War II">Reparations from Germany</a>. <dl><dd>This section covered reparation claims of the USSR from the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet occupation zone">Soviet occupation zone</a> in Germany. The section also agreed that 10% of the industrial capacity of the western zones unnecessary for the German peace economy should be transferred to the Soviet Union within two years. The Soviet Union withdrew its previous objections to French membership of the Allied Reparations Commission, which had been established in Moscow following the Yalta conference.</dd></dl></li> <li>Disposal of the <a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">German Navy</a> and merchant marine. <dl><dd>All but thirty submarines to be sunk and the rest of the German Navy was to be divided equally between the three powers.</dd> <dd>The German merchant marine was to be divided equally between the three powers, and they would distribute some of those ships to the other Allies. But until the end of the war with the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> all the ships would remain under the authority of the Combined Shipping Adjustment Board and the United Maritime Authority.</dd></dl></li> <li>City of <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg">Königsberg</a> and the adjacent area (then <a href="/wiki/East_Prussia" title="East Prussia">East Prussia</a>, now <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad Oblast</a>). <dl><dd>The United States and Britain declared that they would support the transfer of Königsberg and the adjacent area to the Soviet Union at the peace conference.</dd></dl></li> <li>War criminals <dl><dd>This was a short paragraph and covered the creation of the <a href="/wiki/London_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="London Charter">London Charter</a> and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuremberg Trials">Nuremberg Trials</a>:</dd> <dd><blockquote><p>The Three Governments have taken note of the discussions which have been proceeding in recent weeks in London between British, United States, Soviet and French representatives with a view to reaching agreement on the methods of trial of those major war criminals whose crimes under the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Declaration" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow Declaration">Moscow Declaration</a> of October 1943 have no particular geographical localization. The Three Governments reaffirm their intention to bring these criminals to swift and sure justice. They hope that the negotiations in London will result in speedy agreement being reached for this purpose, and they regard it as a matter of great importance that the trial of these major criminals should begin at the earliest possible date. The first list of defendants will be published before 1st September.</p></blockquote></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Austria" title="Allied-occupied Austria">Austria</a>: <dl><dd>The government of Austria was to be decided after British and American forces entered <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, and that Austria should not pay any reparations.</dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of Poland">Poland</a> <dl><dd>There should be a <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_National_Unity" title="Provisional Government of National Unity">Provisional Government of National Unity</a> recognised by all three powers, and that those Poles who were serving in British Army formations should be free to return to Poland. The provisional western border should be the <a href="/wiki/Oder%E2%80%93Neisse_line" title="Oder–Neisse line">Oder–Neisse line</a>, with territories to the east of this excluded from the Soviet Occupation zone and placed under Polish and Soviet civil administration. Poland would receive former German territories in the north and west, but the final delimitation of the western frontier of Poland should await the peace settlement; which eventually took place as the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Final_Settlement_With_Respect_to_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty on the Final Settlement With Respect to Germany">Treaty on the Final Settlement With Respect to Germany</a> in 1990.</dd></dl></li> <li>Conclusion on peace treaties and admission to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> organization. <dl><dd>See <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Conference_of_Foreign_Ministers" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow Conference of Foreign Ministers">Moscow Conference of Foreign Ministers</a> which took place later in 1945.</dd> <dd>It was noted that <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a> had fought on the side of the Allies and was making good progress towards establishment of a democratic government and institutions and that after the peace treaty the three Allies would support an application from a democratic Italian government for membership of the United Nations. Further</dd> <dd><blockquote><p>[t]he three Governments have also charged the Council of Foreign Ministers with the task of preparing peace treaties for <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)">Hungary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a>. The conclusion of Peace Treaties with recognized democratic governments in these States will also enable the three Governments to support applications from them for membership of the United Nations. The three Governments agree to examine each separately in the near future in the light of the conditions then prevailing, the establishment of diplomatic relations with Finland, Romania, Bulgaria, and Hungary to the extent possible prior to the conclusion of peace treaties with those countries.</p></blockquote></dd> <dd>The details were discussed later that year at the Moscow Conference of Foreign Ministers and the treaties were signed in 1947 at the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference_(1947)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Peace Conference (1947)">Paris Peace Conference</a></dd> <dd>By that time the governments of Romania, Bulgaria, and Hungary were Communist.</dd></dl></li> <li>Territorial Trusteeship <dl><dd>Italian former colonies would be decided in connection with the preparation of a peace treaty for Italy. Like most of the other former European Axis powers the Italian peace treaty was signed at the 1947 Paris Peace Conference.</dd></dl></li> <li>Revised <a href="/wiki/Allied_Control_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Allied Control Commission">Allied Control Commission</a> procedure in Romania, Bulgaria, and Hungary <dl><dd>Now that hostilities in Europe were at an end the Western Allies should have a greater input into the Control Commissions of Central and Eastern Europe, the Annex to this agreement included detailed changes to the workings of the <a href="/wiki/Allied_Commission#Hungary" title="Allied Commission">Hungarian Control Commission</a>.</dd></dl></li> <li>Orderly transfer of German Populations <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944%E2%80%9350)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–50)">Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–50)</a></div></dd> <dd><blockquote><p>The Three Governments, having considered the question in all its aspects, recognize that the transfer to Germany of German populations, or elements thereof, remaining in Poland, <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> and Hungary, will have to be undertaken. They agree that any transfers that take place should be effected in an orderly and humane manner.</p></blockquote></dd> <dd>"German populations, or elements thereof, remaining in Poland" refers to Germans living within the 1937 boundaries of Poland up to the <a href="/wiki/Curzon_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Curzon line">Curzon line</a> going East. In theory, that German ethnic population could have been expelled to the Polish temporarily administered territories of <a href="/wiki/Silesia_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Silesia Province">Silesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Farther_Pomerania" title="Farther Pomerania">Farther Pomerania</a>, East Prussia and eastern <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Brandenburg" title="Province of Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a>.</dd> <dd>Because the <a href="/wiki/Allied_Occupation_Zones_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Allied Occupation Zones in Germany">Allied Occupation Zones in Germany</a> were under great strain, the Czechoslovak government, the Polish provisional government and the control council in Hungary were asked to submit an estimate of the time and rate at which further transfers could be carried out having regard to the present situation in Germany and suspend further expulsions until these estimates were integrated into plans for an equitable distribution of these "removed" Germans among the several zones of occupation.</dd></dl></li> <li>Oil equipment in Romania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> <dl><dd>Allied troops were to withdraw immediately from <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a> and that further stages of the withdrawal of troops from Iran should be considered at the meeting of the Council of Foreign Ministers to be held in London in September 1945.</dd></dl></li> <li>The international zone of <a href="/wiki/Tangier" title="Tangier">Tangier</a>. <dl><dd>The city of Tangier and the area around it should remain international and discussed further.</dd></dl></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> straits <dl><dd>The <a href="/wiki/Montreux_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreux Convention">Montreux Convention</a> should be revised and that this should be discussed with the Turkish government.</dd></dl></li> <li>International inland waterways</li> <li>European inland transport conference</li> <li>Directives to the military commanders on allied control council for Germany</li> <li>Use of Allied property for satellite reparations or war trophies <dl><dd>These were detailed in Annex II</dd></dl></li> <li>Military Talks</li></ol> <ul><li>Annex I</li> <li>Annex II</li></ul> <p>Moreover, towards concluding the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific Theatre of War</a>, the Potsdam Conference issued the <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Declaration" title="Potsdam Declaration">Potsdam Declaration</a>, the Proclamation Defining Terms for Japanese Surrender (26 July 1945) wherein the Western Allies (UK, US, USSR) and the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_government#Post-World_War_II" title="Nationalist government">Nationalist China</a> of General <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> asked Japan to surrender or be destroyed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam_Agreement&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Four_Ds" title="Four Ds">Four Ds</a></div> <p>Already during the Potsdam Conference, on 30 July 1945, the <a href="/wiki/Allied_Control_Council" title="Allied Control Council">Allied Control Council</a> was constituted in Berlin to execute the Allied resolutions (the "Four Ds"):<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denazification" title="Denazification">Denazification</a> of the German society to eradicate <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazi</a> influence</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demilitarization" class="mw-redirect" title="Demilitarization">Demilitarization</a> of the former <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> forces and the German <a href="/wiki/Arms_industry" title="Arms industry">arms industry</a>; however, the circumstances of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> soon led to Germany's <i><a href="/wiki/Wiederbewaffnung" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiederbewaffnung">Wiederbewaffnung</a></i> including the re-establishment of both the <a href="/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr">Bundeswehr</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Army" title="National People's Army">National People's Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratization" title="Democratization">Democratization</a>, including the formation of <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">political parties</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">trade unions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of speech</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">press</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a> resulting in <a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_Germany" title="Federalism in Germany">German federalism</a>, along with disassemblement as part of the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_plans_for_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial plans for Germany">industrial plans for Germany</a>. Dismantling was stopped in <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> in 1951 according to the <a href="/wiki/Truman_Doctrine" title="Truman Doctrine">Truman Doctrine</a>, whereafter <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> had to cope with the impact alone.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Territorial_changes">Territorial changes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam_Agreement&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Territorial changes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The northern half of the German province of <a href="/wiki/East_Prussia" title="East Prussia">East Prussia</a>, occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> during its <a href="/wiki/East_Prussian_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="East Prussian Offensive">East Prussian Offensive</a> followed by its <a href="/wiki/Evacuation_of_East_Prussia" title="Evacuation of East Prussia">evacuation</a> in winter 1945, had already been incorporated into Soviet territory as the <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad Oblast</a>. The Western Allies promised to support the annexation of the territory north of the <a href="/wiki/Braniewo" title="Braniewo">Braunsberg</a>–<a href="/wiki/Go%C5%82dap" title="Gołdap">Goldap</a> line when a Final German Peace Treaty was held. </p><p>The Allies had acknowledged the legitimacy of the Polish <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_National_Unity" title="Provisional Government of National Unity">Provisional Government of National Unity</a>, which was about to form a Soviet <a href="/wiki/Satellite_state" title="Satellite state">satellite state</a>. Urged by Stalin, the UK and the US gave in to put the German territories east of the <a href="/wiki/Oder%E2%80%93Neisse_line" title="Oder–Neisse line">Oder–Neisse line</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic</a> coast west of <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awinouj%C5%9Bcie" title="Świnoujście">Świnoujście</a> up to the <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovak</a> border "under Polish administration"; allegedly confusing the <a href="/wiki/Lusatian_Neisse" title="Lusatian Neisse">Lusatian Neisse</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Nysa_K%C5%82odzka" class="mw-redirect" title="Nysa Kłodzka">Glatzer Neisse</a> rivers. The proposal of an Oder-<a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3br" title="Bóbr">Bober</a>-<a href="/wiki/Kwisa" title="Kwisa">Queis</a> line was rejected by the Soviet delegation. The cession included the former <a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Danzig" title="Free City of Danzig">Free City of Danzig</a> and the seaport of <a href="/wiki/Szczecin" title="Szczecin">Stettin</a> on the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Oder" title="Oder">Oder</a> River (<a href="/wiki/Szczecin_Lagoon" title="Szczecin Lagoon">Szczecin Lagoon</a>), vital for the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Silesian_Industrial_Region" title="Upper Silesian Industrial Region">Upper Silesian Industrial Region</a>. </p><p>Post-war, 'Germany as a whole' would consist solely of aggregate territories of the respective zones of occupation. As all former German territories east of the Oder-Neisse line were excluded from the Soviet Occupation Zone, they were consequently excluded from 'Germany as a whole'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expulsions">Expulsions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam_Agreement&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Expulsions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar nomobile plainlist" style="width:20em; background:#fff; border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vertreibung.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Expulsion of Sudeten Germans following the end of World War II"><img alt="Expulsion of Sudeten Germans following the end of World War II" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Vertreibung.jpg/200px-Vertreibung.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Vertreibung.jpg/300px-Vertreibung.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Vertreibung.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="285" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/1944%E2%80%9350_flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans" class="mw-redirect" title="1944–50 flight and expulsion of Germans">Flight and expulsion of Germans during<br />and after <span class="nowrap">World War II</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> (<a href="/wiki/Demographic_estimates_of_the_flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans" title="Demographic estimates of the flight and expulsion of Germans">demographic estimates</a>)</td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff;border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> Background</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1944%E2%80%9350_flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans" class="mw-redirect" title="1944–50 flight and expulsion of Germans">1944–50 flight and expulsion of Germans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Soviet_population_transfers" title="German–Soviet population transfers">German–Soviet population transfers</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Potsdam Agreement</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff;border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> Wartime flight and evacuation</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_evacuation_from_Central_and_Eastern_Europe" title="German evacuation from Central and Eastern Europe">German evacuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuation_of_East_Prussia" title="Evacuation of East Prussia">East Prussia</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff;border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> Post-war flight and expulsion</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Germans_from_Czechoslovakia" title="Expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_from_Poland_during_and_after_World_War_II" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland during and after World War II">Poland <span style="font-size:85%;">(incl. former German territories)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Black_Tulip" title="Operation Black Tulip">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_Germans_from_Romania_after_World_War_II" title="Deportation of Germans from Romania after World War II">Romania</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff;border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> Later emigration</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_Schleswig-Holstein_after_the_Second_World_War" title="Refugees in Schleswig-Holstein after the Second World War">Refugees in Schleswig-Holstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_Poland_to_Germany_after_World_War_II" title="Emigration from Poland to Germany after World War II">Emigration from Poland</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff;border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> Other themes</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_children" title="Wolf children">Wolf children</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding:0.2em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Expulsion_of_Germans" title="Template:Expulsion of Germans"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Expulsion_of_Germans" title="Template talk:Expulsion of Germans"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Expulsion_of_Germans" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Expulsion of Germans"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944%E2%80%9350)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–50)">Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–50)</a></div> <p>In the course of the proceedings, and after the German state <a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_occupied_Poland_during_World_War_II" title="War crimes in occupied Poland during World War II">killed</a> around 5-6 million Polish citizens during the war, <a href="/wiki/Polish_communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish communism">Polish communists</a> had begun to suppress the German population west of the Bóbr river to underline their demand for a border on the Lusatian Neisse. The Allied resolution on the "orderly transfer" of German population became the legitimation of the expulsion of Germans from the nebulous parts of <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a>, if they had not already fled from the advancing Red Army. </p><p>The expulsion of ethnic Germans by the Poles concerned, in addition to Germans within areas behind the 1937 Polish border in the West (such as in most of the old Prussian province of West Prussia), the territories placed "under Polish administration" pending a Final German Peace Treaty, i.e. southern East Prussia (<a href="/wiki/Masuria" title="Masuria">Masuria</a>), <a href="/wiki/Farther_Pomerania" title="Farther Pomerania">Farther Pomerania</a>, the <a href="/wiki/New_March" class="mw-redirect" title="New March">New March</a> region of the former <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Brandenburg" title="Province of Brandenburg">Province of Brandenburg</a>, the districts of the <i>Grenzmark</i> <a href="/wiki/Posen-West_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Posen-West Prussia">Posen-West Prussia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Silesia" title="Lower Silesia">Lower Silesia</a> and those parts of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Silesia" title="Upper Silesia">Upper Silesia</a> that had remained with Germany after the 1921 <a href="/wiki/Upper_Silesia_plebiscite" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Silesia plebiscite">Upper Silesia plebiscite</a>. It further affected the German minority living within the territory of the former <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Second Polish Republic</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland" title="Greater Poland">Greater Poland</a>, eastern Upper Silesia, <a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82mno_Land" title="Chełmno Land">Chełmno Land</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Corridor" title="Polish Corridor">Polish Corridor</a> with Danzig. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Germans_in_Czechoslovakia_(1918%E2%80%931938)" title="Germans in Czechoslovakia (1918–1938)">Germans in Czechoslovakia</a> (34% of the population of the territory of what is now the Czech Republic), known as <a href="/wiki/Sudeten_Germans" title="Sudeten Germans">Sudeten Germans</a> but also <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Germans" title="Carpathian Germans">Carpathian Germans</a>, were expelled from the <i><a href="/wiki/Sudetenland" title="Sudetenland">Sudetenland</a></i> region where they formed a majority, from linguistic enclaves in central <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia">Moravia</a>, as well as from the city of <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>. </p><p>Though the Potsdam Agreement referred only to Poland, Czechoslovakia and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)">Hungary</a>, expulsions also occurred in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_Saxons" title="Transylvanian Saxons">Transylvanian Saxons</a> were <a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_Germans_from_Romania_after_World_War_II" title="Deportation of Germans from Romania after World War II">deported</a> and their property seized, and in <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>. In the Soviet territories, Germans were expelled from northern East Prussia (<a href="/wiki/Oblast_Kaliningrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Oblast Kaliningrad">Oblast Kaliningrad</a>) but also from the adjacent Lithuanian <a href="/wiki/Klaipeda_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Klaipeda Region">Klaipeda Region</a> and other lands settled by <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Germans" title="Baltic Germans">Baltic Germans</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam_Agreement&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_changes_of_Poland_after_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial changes of Poland after World War II">Territorial changes of Poland after World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Germany_(1945%E2%80%9390)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Germany (1945–90)">History of Germany (1945–90)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oder-Neisse_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Oder-Neisse Line">Oder-Neisse Line</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam_Agreement&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ziemke_1990_114-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ziemke_1990_114_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZiemke1990" class="citation book cs1">Ziemke, Earl Frederick (1990). <i>The US Army and the Occupation of Germany 1944–1946</i>. Center of Military History, United States Army. p. 345.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+US+Army+and+the+Occupation+of+Germany+1944%E2%80%931946&rft.pages=345&rft.pub=Center+of+Military+History%2C+United+States+Army&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Ziemke&rft.aufirst=Earl+Frederick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotsdam+Agreement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Speaking Frankly</i> by James F. Byrnes, New York & London, 1947, p.79-81. Byrnes, a Judge and former State Governor, served as a close adviser to President Truman and became US Secretary of State in July 1945. In that capacity, Byrnes attended the Potsdam Conference and the Paris Conference.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Meeting at Potsdam</i> by Charles L. Mee, New York, 1975.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schnieder, Professor Theodor, <i>et al</i>, <i>The Expulsion of the German Population from the Territories East of the Oder-Neisse-Line</i>, FDR Ministry for Expellees, Refugees and War Victims, <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a>, West Germany, 1954.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Krokow, Count Christian von, <i>Hour of the Women</i>, Germany 1988, USA 1991, London 1992, ISBN 0-571-14320-2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Orderly and Humane</i> by Professor R. J. Douglas, Yale University Press, 2012, ISBN 9-780300-198201</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>A Terrible Revenge</i> by Professor Alfred Maurice de Zayas, Palgrave-Macmillan, New York, 1993/4, reprint 2006, ISBN 978-1-4039-7308-5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Weeds Like Us</i> by Gunter Nitsch, Author House, Bloomington, IN., USA, ISBN 978-3-4389-3312-2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Byrnes, 1947, p.81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSenate_Committee_on_Foreign_Relations1950" class="citation book cs1">Senate Committee on Foreign Relations (1950). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nato.int/ebookshop/video/declassified/doc_files/Potsdam%20Agreement.pdf"><i>A Decade of American Foreign Policy: Basic Documents, 1941–49</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190607003820/https://www.nato.int/ebookshop/video/declassified/doc_files/Potsdam%20Agreement.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2019-06-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Decade+of+American+Foreign+Policy%3A+Basic+Documents%2C+1941%E2%80%9349&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1950&rft.au=Senate+Committee+on+Foreign+Relations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nato.int%2Febookshop%2Fvideo%2Fdeclassified%2Fdoc_files%2FPotsdam%2520Agreement.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotsdam+Agreement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Department_of_State1949" class="citation web cs1">United States Department of State (24 May 1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1949v03/d461">"Foreign Relations of the United States, 1949, Council of Foreign Ministers; Germany and Austria, Volume III Document 461"</a>. Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190903150130/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1949v03/d461">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Foreign+Relations+of+the+United+States%2C+1949%2C+Council+of+Foreign+Ministers%3B+Germany+and+Austria%2C+Volume+III+Document+461&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Historian%2C+Bureau+of+Public+Affairs&rft.date=1949-05-24&rft.au=United+States+Department+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fhistoricaldocuments%2Ffrus1949v03%2Fd461&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotsdam+Agreement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190606093137/http://www.alliiertenmuseum.de/en/topics/denazification.html">"Denazification"</a>. <i>Alliierten Museum</i>. Federal Government Commissioner for Culture and the Media. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alliiertenmuseum.de/en/topics/denazification.html">the original</a> on 6 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alliierten+Museum&rft.atitle=Denazification&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alliiertenmuseum.de%2Fen%2Ftopics%2Fdenazification.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotsdam+Agreement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam_Agreement&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071101094055/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,934360,00.html">Cornerstone of Steel</a> Monday, January 21, 1946</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110203133353/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,804160,00.html">The Road Back</a> Time Magazine, Monday, September 8, 1947</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1945Berlinv02/d1383">Protocol of the Proceedings of the Berlin Conference</a> Official US text of the Potsdam protocols; annotated with editing variants and variant readings from the official Soviet and British texts.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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Truman"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Harry_S._Truman" title="Template talk:Harry S. Truman"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Harry_S._Truman" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Harry S. Truman"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Harry_S._Truman" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">33rd</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1945–1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">34th</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (1945)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Missouri" title="List of United States senators from Missouri">U.S. Senator from Missouri</a> (1935–1945)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="Presidency of Harry S. Truman">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Harry_S._Truman_presidency" title="Timeline of the Harry S. Truman presidency">Timeline</a></li> <li>Inaugurations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="First inauguration of Harry S. Truman">first</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="Second inauguration of Harry S. Truman">second</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="Attempted assassination of Harry S. Truman">Assassination attempt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1952_Puerto_Rican_constitutional_referendum" title="1952 Puerto Rican constitutional referendum">1952 Puerto Rican constitutional referendum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1946_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1946 State of the Union Address">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1947 State of the Union Address">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1948 State of the Union Address">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1949 State of the Union Address">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1950 State of the Union Address">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1951 State of the Union Address">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1952 State of the Union Address">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_1953_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="January 1953 State of the Union Address">1953</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Harry_S._Truman" title="List of federal judges appointed by Harry S. Truman">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Harry S. Truman Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Minton_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Sherman Minton Supreme Court nomination">Sherman Minton Supreme Court nomination</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman#Administration_and_cabinet" title="Harry S. Truman">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Balcony" title="Truman Balcony">Truman Balcony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buck_passing#"The_buck_stops_here"" title="Buck passing">"The buck stops here"</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Harry_S._Truman/Executive_orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Harry S. Truman/Executive orders">Executive Orders</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Harry_S._Truman/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Harry S. Truman/Presidential Proclamations">Presidential Proclamations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidential transition of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Eisenhower transition</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Harry_S._Truman_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Harry S. Truman administration">Foreign policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Doctrine" title="Truman Doctrine">Truman Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Conference" title="Potsdam Conference">Potsdam Conference</a> <ul><li>1945; <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Agreement on Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Declaration" title="Potsdam Declaration">Declaration to Japan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Brides_Act" title="War Brides Act">War Brides Act</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_Fianc%C3%A9es_and_Fianc%C3%A9s_Act" title="Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act">Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luce%E2%80%93Celler_Act" title="Luce–Celler Act">Luce–Celler Act</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_9835" title="Executive Order 9835">Executive Order 9835</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Agreement_on_Tariffs_and_Trade" title="General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade">General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Commission" title="Hoover Commission">Hoover Commission</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Act_of_1947" title="National Security Act of 1947">National Security Act of 1947</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">U.S. Department of Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff">Joint Chiefs of Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council" title="United States National Security Council">National Security Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Resources_Board" title="National Security Resources Board">National Security Resources Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a>/<a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Department of the Air Force">Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Displaced_Persons_Act" title="Displaced Persons Act">Displaced Persons Act</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_West_Agreement" title="Key West Agreement">Key West Agreement</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Space_Force_Station" title="Cape Canaveral Space Force Station">Joint Long Range Proving Grounds</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty" title="North Atlantic Treaty">North Atlantic Treaty</a> <ul><li>1949; <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Admirals" title="Revolt of the Admirals">Revolt of the Admirals</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> <ul><li>1950–1953; <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_82" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 82">U.N. Security Council Resolutions 82,</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_83" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 83">83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Production_Act_of_1950" title="Defense Production Act of 1950">Defense Production Act of 1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief_of_Douglas_MacArthur" title="Relief of Douglas MacArthur">Relief of Douglas MacArthur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Defense_Mobilization" title="Office of Defense Mobilization">Office of Defense Mobilization</a> <ul><li>1950; <a href="/wiki/President%27s_Science_Advisory_Committee" title="President's Science Advisory Committee">Science Advisory Committee</a>, 1951</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_of_1952" title="Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952">Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a> (1952)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fair_Deal" title="Fair Deal">Fair Deal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Freedom_(1945)" title="Medal of Freedom (1945)">Medal of Freedom</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_Act_of_1945" title="Revenue Act of 1945">Revenue Act of 1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Mental_Health_Act" title="National Mental Health Act">National Mental Health Act</a> <ul><li>1946; <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Mental_Health" title="National Institute of Mental Health">National Institute of Mental Health</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_Act_of_1946" title="Atomic Energy Act of 1946">Atomic Energy Act of 1946</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">U.S. Atomic Energy Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_Act_of_1946" title="Employment Act of 1946">Employment Act of 1946</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Economic_Advisers" title="Council of Economic Advisers">Council of Economic Advisers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_Control_Act" title="Flood Control Act">Flood Control Acts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flood_Control_Act_of_1946" title="Flood Control Act of 1946">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_Control_Act_of_1948" title="Flood Control Act of 1948">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_Control_Act_of_1950" title="Flood Control Act of 1950">1950</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulbright_Program" title="Fulbright Program">Fulbright Program</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill%E2%80%93Burton_Act" title="Hill–Burton Act">Hill–Burton Act</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Reorganization_Act_of_1946" title="Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946">Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Regulation_of_Lobbying_Act_of_1946" title="Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act of 1946">Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act of 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Tort_Claims_Act" title="Federal Tort Claims Act">Federal Tort Claims Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service" title="Congressional Research Service">Legislative Reference Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_School_Lunch_Act" title="National School Lunch Act">National School Lunch Act</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Committee_on_Civil_Rights" title="President's Committee on Civil Rights">President's Committee on Civil Rights</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Insecticide,_Fungicide,_and_Rodenticide_Act" title="Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act">Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_and_Home_Finance_Agency" title="Housing and Home Finance Agency">Housing and Home Finance Agency</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Succession_Act" title="Presidential Succession Act">Presidential Succession Act of 1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taft%E2%80%93Hartley_Act" title="Taft–Hartley Act">Taft–Hartley Act</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Act_of_1948" title="Agricultural Act of 1948">Agricultural Act of 1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_9981" title="Executive Order 9981">Executive Order 9981</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_Act_of_1948" title="Revenue Act of 1948">Revenue Act of 1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Act_of_1949" title="Agricultural Act of 1949">Agricultural Act of 1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_Act_of_1949" title="Housing Act of 1949">Housing Act of 1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingell%E2%80%93Johnson_Act" title="Dingell–Johnson Act">Dingell–Johnson Act</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_Act_of_1950" title="Revenue Act of 1950">Revenue Act of 1950</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Excess_profits_tax" title="Excess profits tax">Excess profits tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unrelated_Business_Income_Tax" title="Unrelated Business Income Tax">Unrelated Business Income Tax</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_Act_of_1951" title="Revenue Act of 1951">Revenue Act of 1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal-Aid_Highway_Act_of_1952" title="Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1952">Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_steel_strike" title="1952 steel strike">1952 steel strike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman#Early_life_and_career" title="Harry S. Truman">Early life and career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum">Presidential Library, Museum, and gravesite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S_Truman_Office_and_Courtroom" title="Harry S Truman Office and Courtroom">Missouri Office and Courtroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Committee" title="Truman Committee">Truman Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="1944 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">1944 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Homes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S_Truman_Birthplace_State_Historic_Site" title="Harry S Truman Birthplace State Historic Site">Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman_Farm_Home" title="Harry S. Truman Farm Home">Harry S. Truman Farm Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman_National_Historic_Site" title="Harry S. Truman National Historic Site">Harry S. Truman home and National Historic Site</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman_Historic_District" title="Harry S. Truman Historic District">Historic District</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blair_House" title="Blair House">Blair House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman_Little_White_House" title="Harry S. Truman Little White House">Truman Little White House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="Electoral history of Harry S. Truman">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1934_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1934 United States Senate election in Missouri">United States Senate election in Missouri, 1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1940 United States Senate election in Missouri">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1944 Democratic National Convention">Democratic National Convention 1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1948 Democratic National Convention">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election" title="1944 United States presidential election">1944 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman_1948_presidential_campaign" title="Harry S. Truman 1948 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Dewey_Defeats_Truman" title="Dewey Defeats Truman">Dewey Defeats Truman</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%27m_Just_Wild_About_Harry" title="I'm Just Wild About Harry">campaign song</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="Bibliography of Harry S. Truman">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Day" title="Truman Day">Truman Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S_Truman_Building" title="Harry S Truman Building">Harry S Truman Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Reservoir" title="Truman Reservoir">Truman Dam and Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman_Scholarship" title="Harry S. Truman Scholarship">Harry S. Truman Scholarship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Sports_Complex" title="Truman Sports Complex">Truman Sports Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#Harry_S._Truman" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. Postage stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="Statue of Harry S. Truman">Statue of Harry S. Truman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public image</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Give_%27em_Hell,_Harry!" title="Give 'em Hell, Harry!">Give 'em Hell, Harry!</a></i> (1975 play and film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harry_Truman_(song)" title="Harry Truman (song)">Harry Truman</a></i> (1975 song by <a href="/wiki/Chicago_(band)" title="Chicago (band)">Chicago</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Collision_Course:_Truman_vs._MacArthur" title="Collision Course: Truman vs. MacArthur">Collision Course: Truman vs. MacArthur</a></i> (1976 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Backstairs_at_the_White_House" title="Backstairs at the White House">Backstairs at the White House</a></i> (1979 miniseries)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Truman_(1995_film)" title="Truman (1995 film)">Truman</a></i> (1995 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Truman_(1997_film)" title="Truman (1997 film)">Truman</a></i> (1997 documentary film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_First_Lady_(American_TV_series)" title="The First Lady (American TV series)">The First Lady</a></i> (2022 TV series)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oppenheimer_(film)" title="Oppenheimer (film)">Oppenheimer</a></i> (2023 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bess_Truman" title="Bess Truman">Bess Wallace Truman</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Truman" title="Margaret Truman">Margaret Truman</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Ellen_Young_Truman" class="mw-redirect" title="Martha Ellen Young Truman">Martha Ellen Young Truman</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifton_Truman_Daniel" title="Clifton Truman Daniel">Clifton Truman Daniel</a> (grandson)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">← Franklin D. Roosevelt</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">← Henry A. Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Alben W. Barkley →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Harry_S._Truman" title="Category:Harry S. 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