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Disponibil în 70 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">70 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolga-Bulgarye" title="Wolga-Bulgarye – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wolga-Bulgarye" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7" title="بلغار الفولغا – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بلغار الفولغا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria_del_Volga" title="Bulgaria del Volga – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bulgaria del Volga" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0dil_Bulqar_xanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="İdil Bulqar xanlığı – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İdil Bulqar xanlığı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ایدیل بولقارلاری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایدیل بولقارلاری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B9%D1%8B_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Волга буйы Болғары – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Волга буйы Болғары" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Волжская Булгарыя – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Волжская Булгарыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Волжка България – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Волжка България" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="ভলগা বুলগেরিয়া – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভলগা বুলগেরিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulg%C3%A0ria_del_Volga" title="Bulgària del Volga – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bulgària del Volga" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Ийдалан Булгари – cecenă" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ийдалан Булгари" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="cecenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edil_boyu_bul%C4%9Far_devleti" title="Edil boyu bulğar devleti – turcă crimeeană" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Edil boyu bulğar devleti" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="turcă crimeeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vol%C5%BEsk%C3%A9_Bulharsko" title="Volžské Bulharsko – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Volžské Bulharsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%C4%83%D0%BB%C3%A7%D0%B8_%D0%9F%C4%83%D0%BBx%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Атăлçи Пăлxар – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Атăлçи Пăлxар" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgabulgarske_rige" title="Volgabulgarske rige – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Volgabulgarske rige" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolgabulgaren" title="Wolgabulgaren – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wolgabulgaren" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%92%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B3%CE%B1" title="Βουλγαρία του Βόλγα – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βουλγαρία του Βόλγα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volga_Bulgaria" title="Volga Bulgaria – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Volga Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgia_Bulgario" title="Volgia Bulgario – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Volgia Bulgario" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria_del_Volga" title="Bulgaria del Volga – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bulgaria del Volga" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volga-Bulgaaria" title="Volga-Bulgaaria – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Volga-Bulgaaria" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgako_Bulgaria" title="Volgako Bulgaria – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Volgako Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%A7" title="بلغارستان ولگا – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بلغارستان ولگا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgan_Bulgaria" title="Volgan Bulgaria – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Volgan Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khanat_bulgare_de_la_Volga" title="Khanat bulgare de la Volga – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Khanat bulgare de la Volga" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%94" title="בולגריה של הוולגה – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בולגריה של הוולגה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Povol%C5%A1ka_Bugarska" title="Povolška Bugarska – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Povolška Bugarska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgai_Bolg%C3%A1rorsz%C3%A1g" title="Volgai Bolgárország – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Volgai Bolgárország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%A3%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Վոլգյան Բուլղարիա – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վոլգյան Բուլղարիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria_Volga" title="Bulgaria Volga – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bulgaria Volga" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volga-Bolgaria" title="Volga-Bolgaria – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Volga-Bolgaria" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria_del_Volga" title="Bulgaria del Volga – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bulgaria del Volga" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A9%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="ヴォルガ・ブルガール – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴォルガ・ブルガール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%95%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%92%E1%83%90-%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90)" title="ბულგარეთი (ვოლგა-კამა) – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბულგარეთი (ვოლგა-კამა)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BB_%D0%91%D2%B1%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Еділ Бұлғариясы – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Еділ Бұлғариясы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%BC%EA%B0%80%EA%B0%95_%EB%B6%88%EA%B0%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="볼가강 불가리아 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="볼가강 불가리아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria_Rhaensis" title="Bulgaria Rhaensis – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Bulgaria Rhaensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balgaria_de_Volga" title="Balgaria de Volga – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Balgaria de Volga" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavolgio_Bulgarija" title="Pavolgio Bulgarija – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pavolgio Bulgarija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgas_Bulg%C4%81rija" title="Volgas Bulgārija – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Volgas Bulgārija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Юлысо Булгарий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Юлысо Булгарий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Волшка Бугарија – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Волшка Бугарија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria_Volga" title="Bulgaria Volga – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bulgaria Volga" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolga-Bulgarije" title="Wolga-Bulgarije – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wolga-Bulgarije" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volga-Bulgaria" title="Volga-Bulgaria – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Volga-Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khanat_bulgar_de_V%C3%B2lga" title="Khanat bulgar de Vòlga – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Khanat bulgar de Vòlga" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਵੋਲਗਾ ਬਲਗਾਰੀਆ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵੋਲਗਾ ਬਲਗਾਰੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C5%82garia_Wo%C5%82%C5%BCa%C5%84sko-Kamska" title="Bułgaria Wołżańsko-Kamska – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bułgaria Wołżańsko-Kamska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="وولگا بلغاریہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="وولگا بلغاریہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulg%C3%A1ria_do_Volga" title="Bulgária do Volga – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bulgária do Volga" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Волжская Булгария – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Волжская Булгария" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D2%95%D1%8B_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D2%95%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8D" title="Волгатааҕы Булҕар сирэ – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Волгатааҕы Булҕар сирэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volga_Bulgarie" title="Volga Bulgarie – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Volga Bulgarie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Povol%C5%A1ka_Bugarska" title="Povolška Bugarska – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Povolška Bugarska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulharsk%C3%A1_vol%C5%BEsko-kamsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a" title="Bulharská volžsko-kamská ríša – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bulharská volžsko-kamská ríša" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vol%C5%A1ka_Bolgarija" title="Volška Bolgarija – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Volška Bolgarija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Поволшка Бугарска – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Поволшка Бугарска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgabulgariska_riket" title="Volgabulgariska riket – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Volgabulgariska riket" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="வோல்கா பல்கேரியா – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வோல்கா பல்கேரியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0dil_Bulgar_Devleti" title="İdil Bulgar Devleti – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İdil Bulgar Devleti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B5_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Идел буе Болгары – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Идел буе Болгары" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Идил Булгар эли – tuvană" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Идил Булгар эли" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Волзька Болгарія – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Волзька Болгарія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="وولگا بلغاریہ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وولگا بلغاریہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volga-Kama_Bulg%CA%BBoriyasi" title="Volga-Kama Bulgʻoriyasi – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Volga-Kama Bulgʻoriyasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volga_Bulgaria" title="Volga Bulgaria – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Volga Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E5%B0%94%E5%8A%A0%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="伏尔加保加利亚 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伏尔加保加利亚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%95%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%92%E1%83%90-%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90)" title="ბულგარეთი (ვოლგა-კამა) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბულგარეთი (ვოლგა-კამა)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E5%B0%94%E5%8A%A0%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="伏尔加保加利亚 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伏尔加保加利亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E7%88%BE%E5%8A%A0%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="伏爾加保加利亞 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="伏爾加保加利亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q185488#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile 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</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16501920">.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0px 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b22222;background:#fee}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#310402!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #070101!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #261500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #544004!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #1e0a28!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#310402!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #070101!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #261500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #544004!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #1e0a28!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}</style><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox ambox-content ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width: 52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/50px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/75px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/100px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="mbox-text-span"><b>Acest articol sau această secțiune are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citarea_surselor" title="Wikipedia:Citarea surselor">bibliografia</a> incompletă sau inexistentă.</b><br /> Puteți contribui prin adăugarea de referințe în vederea <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verificabilitate" title="Wikipedia:Verificabilitate">susținerii bibliografice</a> a afirmațiilor pe care le conține.<span class="hide-when-compact"> </span><span class="hide-when-compact"> </span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infocaseta"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet blank" style="background-color:#F9F9F9;color:#000000;">Bulgaria de pe Volga</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><table width="100%" style="text-align:center;margin:0 auto;background:transparent"><tbody><tr><td width="50px" style="vertical-align:middle;line-height:105%;font-size:30%;border:0"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:115%; border:0">secolul al VII-lea d.Hr. – <time datetime="1340"><a href="/wiki/1340" title="1340">1340</a></time></td><td width="50px" style="vertical-align:middle;line-height:105%;font-size:30%;border:0;text-align:left"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hoarda_de_Aur" title="Hoarda de Aur"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Flag_of_Golden_Horde-2-.gif/30px-Flag_of_Golden_Horde-2-.gif" decoding="async" width="30" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Flag_of_Golden_Horde-2-.gif/45px-Flag_of_Golden_Horde-2-.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Flag_of_Golden_Horde-2-.gif/60px-Flag_of_Golden_Horde-2-.gif 2x" data-file-width="302" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Hoarda_de_Aur" title="Hoarda de Aur"><span style="font-size:300%">→</span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:VolgaBulgaria1200.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Localizare"><img alt="Localizare" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/VolgaBulgaria1200.png/300px-VolgaBulgaria1200.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/VolgaBulgaria1200.png/450px-VolgaBulgaria1200.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/VolgaBulgaria1200.png/600px-VolgaBulgaria1200.png 2x" data-file-width="1264" data-file-height="788" /></a><figcaption>Localizare</figcaption></figure><div style="padding-top:0.5em;line-height:1.25em;font-size:90%;">Localizare</div></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_a_fostelor_capitale_na%C8%9Bionale" title="Listă a fostelor capitale naționale">Capitală</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Bolghar" title="Bolghar">Bolghar</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bil%C3%A4r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bilär — pagină inexistentă">Bilär</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Religie_de_stat" title="Religie de stat">Religie</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">Islam</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F9F9F9;color:#000000;">Guvernare</th></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Form%C4%83_de_guvernare" class="mw-redirect" title="Formă de guvernare">Formă de guvernare</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Monarhie" title="Monarhie">Monarhie</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Conducător</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"> </td></tr><tr><th style=";font-weight: normal;"> - secolul al VII-lea</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotrag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kotrag — pagină inexistentă">Kotrag</a> (primul)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F9F9F9;color:#000000;">Istorie</th></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Epoca_istoric%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Epoca istorică">Epoca istorică</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">Evul Mediu</td></tr><tr><th style=";font-weight: normal;">Fondare</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">secolul al VII-lea d.Hr.</td></tr><tr><th style=";font-weight: normal;">Adoptarea <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamului</a> ca religie oficială</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/922" title="922">922 d.Hr.</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";font-weight: normal;">Invaziile Mongole</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/1340" title="1340">1340</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F9F9F9;color:#000000;">Economie</th></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Moned%C4%83" title="Monedă">Monedă</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191830" class="extiw" title="d:Q191830"><span lang="ku">Dînar</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="ku">Dînar</span> (currency of various countries)|]]</span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2361916" class="extiw" title="d:Q2361916"><span lang="en">som</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">som</span> (unit of currency used in Turkic-speaking countries in Central Asia)|]]</span></td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px ##F9F9F9 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185488" class="extiw" title="d:Q185488">date</a> / <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria_de_pe_Volga&action=edit&section=0">text</a></span> <span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_Fost%C4%83_%C8%9Bar%C4%83" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16573438">.mw-parser-output .infocaseta{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <table class="infobox" cellspacing="5" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; width:18em;; padding: 0px;"> <tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; padding:0.25em 0; background:#ccf; font-size:135%;"><a href="/wiki/Istoria_Bulgariei" title="Istoria Bulgariei">Istoria Bulgariei</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; padding:0.5em 0;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stema Bulgariei"><img alt="Stema Bulgariei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg/113px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="679" /></a></span><br /><small>Acest articol este parte a unei <a href="/wiki/Categorie:Bulgaria" title="Categorie:Bulgaria"><b>serii</b></a></small><hr /> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:0.5em 0 0.1em 0; font-size:120%; line-height:1.0em; style="><a href="/wiki/Preistoria_%C3%AEn_Bulgaria" title="Preistoria în Bulgaria">Preistoria pe teritoriul Bulgariei</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epoca_pietrei_%C3%AEn_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epoca pietrei în Bulgaria — pagină inexistentă">Epoca pietrei</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epoca_bronzului_%C3%AEn_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epoca bronzului în Bulgaria — pagină inexistentă">Epoca bronzului</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epoca_fierului_%C3%AEn_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epoca fierului în Bulgaria — pagină inexistentă">Epoca fierului</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:0.5em 0 0.1em 0; font-size:120%; line-height:1.0em; style="><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tribul_Moesian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tribul Moesian — pagină inexistentă">Tribul Moesian </a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Moesii" class="mw-redirect" title="Moesii">Cultura și civilizația moesiană</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moesia_(provincie_roman%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moesia (provincie romană) — pagină inexistentă">Moesia romană</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:0.5em 0 0.1em 0; font-size:120%; line-height:1.0em; style="><a href="/wiki/Vechii_bulgari" class="mw-redirect" title="Vechii bulgari">Vechii bulgari</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bulgaria de pe Volga</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%C8%9Aaratul_Bulgar" title="Țaratul Bulgar">Țaratul Bulgar</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Istoria_Bulgariei" title="Istoria Bulgariei"> Slavizarea bulgarilor</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:0.5em 0 0.1em 0; font-size:120%; line-height:1.0em; style="><a href="/wiki/%C8%9Aaratul_Vlaho-Bulgar" title="Țaratul Vlaho-Bulgar">Bulgaria Medievală</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%C8%9Aaratul_Vlaho-Bulgar" title="Țaratul Vlaho-Bulgar">Țaratul Vlaho-Bulgar</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_Otoman%C4%83" title="Bulgaria Otomană">Bulgaria Otomană</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:0.5em 0 0.1em 0; font-size:120%; line-height:1.0em; style="><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria Modernă</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Rede%C8%99teptarea_na%C8%9Bional%C4%83_a_bulgarilor" title="Redeșteptarea națională a bulgarilor">Redeșteptarea națională</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Principatul_Bulgariei" title="Principatul Bulgariei">Principatul Bulgariei</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Rumelia_Oriental%C4%83" title="Rumelia Orientală">Rumelia Orientală</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Regatul_Bulgariei" title="Regatul Bulgariei">Regatul Bulgariei</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Republica_Popular%C4%83_Bulgaria" title="Republica Populară Bulgaria">Republica Populară Bulgaria</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Republica Bulgară</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; text-align:right;"><hr /><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portal:Bulgaria — pagină inexistentă">Portal Bulgaria</a></b><br />  <span class="noprint plainlinks" style="white-space: nowrap; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; ;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Istoria_Bulgariei" title="Format:Istoria Bulgariei"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Istoria_Bulgariei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Istoria Bulgariei — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Istoria_Bulgariei&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";">m</span></a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Bulgaria de pe Volga</b> sau <b>Volga-Kama Bolghar</b>, este un stat care a existat între secolele <a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_VII-lea" title="Secolul al VII-lea">al VII-lea</a> și <a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_XIII-lea" title="Secolul al XIII-lea">al XIII-lea</a> în zona confluenței râurilor <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a> și <a href="/wiki/Kama" class="mw-redirect" title="Kama">Kama</a> din ceea ce este azi <a href="/wiki/Federa%C8%9Bia_Rus%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Federația Rusă">Federația Rusă</a>. Republicile federale rusești <a href="/wiki/Tatarstan" title="Tatarstan">Tatarstan</a> și <a href="/wiki/Ciuva%C8%99ia" title="Ciuvașia">Ciuvașia</a> sunt considerate ca fiind urmașele din punct de etnic și teritorial ale <b>Bulgariei de pe Volga</b>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Originile">Originile</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria_de_pe_Volga&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Originile" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria_de_pe_Volga&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Originile"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Există puține informații despre Bulgaria de pe Volga din surse contemporane. Cum nu s-a păstrat niciun document autentic al bulgarilor din acea perioadă, cea mai mare parte a informațiilor provin din surse <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">arabe</a>. <a href="/wiki/Persan" class="mw-redirect" title="Persan">persane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian">indiene</a> sau <a href="/wiki/Rus" class="mw-disambig" title="Rus">rusești</a>. S-au obținut anumite informații și în urma săpăturilor <a href="/wiki/Arheologie" title="Arheologie">arheologice</a>. </p><p>Se crede că, la început, teritoriile Bulgariei de pe Volga au fost ocupate de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Popoare_fino-ugrice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Popoare fino-ugrice — pagină inexistentă">popoarele fino-ugrice</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vechii_bulgari" class="mw-redirect" title="Vechii bulgari">Vechii bulgari</a> au migrat în zonă cam pe la anul <a href="/wiki/665" title="665">665</a>, fiind conduși de hanul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotrag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kotrag — pagină inexistentă">Kotrag</a>, fiul lui <a href="/wiki/Kubrat" title="Kubrat">Kubrat</a>. Anumite triburi bulgărești au continuat înaintarea către vest și, după multe aventuri, s-au stabilit în zona cursului inferior al fluviului <a href="/wiki/Dun%C4%83rea" title="Dunărea">Dunărea</a>, în zona <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgariei de azi</a>, unde s-au amestecat și au fost asimilați de triburile de <a href="/wiki/Slav" class="mw-redirect" title="Slav">slavi</a> care erau deja pe acele pământuri. Aici au adoptat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbile_slavice_sudice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limbile slavice sudice — pagină inexistentă">limba slavă</a> și credința <a href="/wiki/Cre%C8%99tinism_ortodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Creștinism ortodox">creștin ortodoxă</a>. </p><p>Cei mai mulți istorici sunt de acord că bulgarii de pe Volga au fost supușii Imperiului <a href="/wiki/Hazaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazaria">Khazar</a>. Pe la sfârșitul secolului al IX-lea, a avut loc un proces de unificare, fondându-se capitala ținutului la <a href="/wiki/Bolghar" title="Bolghar">Bolğar</a>, la 160 km sud de orașul <a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a>. Cei mai mulți oameni de știința consideră că statul bulgar nu a fost capabil să iasă din sfera de dominație a hazarilor până când statul acestora din urmă nu a fost distrus în <a href="/wiki/965" title="965">965</a> de <a href="/wiki/Sviatoslav_I_al_Kievului" class="mw-redirect" title="Sviatoslav I al Kievului">Sviatoslav</a>, principele <a href="/wiki/Rusia_Kievean%C4%83" title="Rusia Kieveană">Rusiei Kievene</a>. </p><p>Pentru a unifica triburile războinice bulgărești și pentru a câștiga un aliat puternic în lupta cu <a href="/wiki/Hazar" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazar">hazarii</a>, hanul Almas Khan i-a scris o scrisoare <a href="/wiki/Calif" class="mw-redirect" title="Calif">califului</a> <a href="/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad">Bagdadului</a>, în care-i cerea ajutorul pentru trimiterea unor învățați care să cunoască și să predea <a href="/wiki/Coran" title="Coran">Coranul</a>, dar și sprijin pentru construirea de <a href="/wiki/Moschee" title="Moschee">moschei</a>. Pe 11 mai <a href="/wiki/922" title="922">922</a>, hanul l-a întâmpinat pe misionarul <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Fadlan" title="Ahmad ibn Fadlan">Ahmad ibn Fadlan</a> și, patru zile mai târziu, adunarea triburilor a proclamat <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islamul</a> ca religie a statului. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perioada_de_înflorire"><span id="Perioada_de_.C3.AEnflorire"></span>Perioada de înflorire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria_de_pe_Volga&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Perioada de înflorire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria_de_pe_Volga&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Perioada de înflorire"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox" cellspacing="5" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; width:18em;; padding: 0px;"> <tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; padding:0.25em 0; background:#ccf; font-size:135%;"><a href="/wiki/Istoria_Rusiei" title="Istoria Rusiei">Istoria Rusiei</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; padding:0.5em 0;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stema Rusiei"><img alt="Stema Rusiei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg/75px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg/113px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="437" data-file-height="517" /></a></span><br /><small>Acest articol este parte a unei <a href="/wiki/Categorie:Rusia" title="Categorie:Rusia"><b>serii</b></a></small><hr /> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Slavii_estici_timpurii" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavii estici timpurii">Slavii estici timpurii</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Rusia_Kievean%C4%83" title="Rusia Kieveană">Rusia Kieveană</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bulgaria de pe Volga</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hazar" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazar">Hazarii</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cnezatul_Vladimir-Suzdal" title="Cnezatul Vladimir-Suzdal">Cnezatul Vladimir-Suzdal</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Republica_Novgorodului" title="Republica Novgorodului">Republica Novgorodului</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Invazia_mongol%C4%83_%C3%AEn_Rusia_Kievean%C4%83" title="Invazia mongolă în Rusia Kieveană">Invazia mongolă</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hoarda_de_Aur" title="Hoarda de Aur">Hoarda de Aur</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanatul_Kazanului" title="Hanatul Kazanului">Hanatul Kazanului</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanatul_Astrahanului" title="Hanatul Astrahanului">Hanatul Astrahanului</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanatul_Siberiei" title="Hanatul Siberiei">Hanatul Siberiei</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanatul_Crimeii" title="Hanatul Crimeii">Hanatul Crimeii</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cnezatul_Moscovei" title="Cnezatul Moscovei">Cnezatul Moscovei</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%C8%9Aaratul_Rusiei" title="Țaratul Rusiei">Țaratul Rusiei</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Imperiul_Rus" title="Imperiul Rus">Imperiul Rus</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Istoria_Rusiei,_1682-1796" title="Istoria Rusiei, 1682-1796"> 1682-1796</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Istoria_Rusiei,_1796-1855" title="Istoria Rusiei, 1796-1855"> 1796-1855</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Istoria_Rusiei,_1855-1892" title="Istoria Rusiei, 1855-1892"> 1855-1892</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Istoria_Rusiei,_1892-1917" title="Istoria Rusiei, 1892-1917"> 1892-1917</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Revolu%C8%9Bia_rus%C4%83_din_1905" title="Revoluția rusă din 1905">Revoluția din 1905</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Revolu%C8%9Bia_Rus%C4%83_din_1917" title="Revoluția Rusă din 1917"> Revoluția din 1917</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Republica_Rus%C4%83" title="Republica Rusă">Republica Rusă</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_Civil_Rus" title="Războiul Civil Rus">Războiul civil</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Istoria_Uniunii_Sovietice" title="Istoria Uniunii Sovietice">Uniunea Sovietică</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Istoria_Uniunii_Sovietice_(1927-1953)" title="Istoria Uniunii Sovietice (1927-1953)">1927-1953</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Istoria_Uniunii_Sovietice_(1953-1985)" title="Istoria Uniunii Sovietice (1953-1985)">1953-1985</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Istoria_Uniunii_Sovietice_(1985-1991)" title="Istoria Uniunii Sovietice (1985-1991)">1985-1991</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Istoria_Rusiei_postsovietice" title="Istoria Rusiei postsovietice">Federația Rusă</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; text-align:right;"><hr /><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Rusia" title="Portal:Rusia">Portal Rusia</a></b><br />  <span class="noprint plainlinks" style="white-space: nowrap; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; ;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Istoria_Rusiei" title="Format:Istoria Rusiei"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Istoria_Rusiei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Istoria Rusiei — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Istoria_Rusiei&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";">m</span></a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="infobox" cellspacing="5" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; width:18em;; padding: 0px;"> <tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; padding:0.25em 0; background:#ccf; font-size:135%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istoria_Tatarstanului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istoria Tatarstanului — pagină inexistentă">Istoria Tatarstanului</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; padding:0.5em 0;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Coat_of_arms_of_Tatarstan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stema Tatarstanului"><img alt="Stema Tatarstanului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_arms_of_Tatarstan.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tatarstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_arms_of_Tatarstan.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tatarstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_arms_of_Tatarstan.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tatarstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2126" data-file-height="2126" /></a></span><br /><small>Acest articol este parte a unei <a href="/wiki/Categorie:Tatarstan" title="Categorie:Tatarstan"><b>serii</b></a></small><hr /> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_Mare" title="Bulgaria Mare">Bulgaria Mare</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hazari" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazari">Hazarii</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bulgaria de pe Volga</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kipciaki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kipciaki — pagină inexistentă">Kipciakii</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invazia_mongol%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invazia mongolă — pagină inexistentă">Invazia mongolă</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hoarda_de_Aur" title="Hoarda de Aur">Hoarda de Aur</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanatul_Kazanului" title="Hanatul Kazanului">Hanatul Kazanului</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Principatul_Moscovei" class="mw-redirect" title="Principatul Moscovei">Principatul Moscovei</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gubernia_Kazan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gubernia Kazan — pagină inexistentă">Gubernia Kazan</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Statul_Idel-Ural" title="Statul Idel-Ural">Statul Idel-Ural</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=RSSA_Tatar%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RSSA Tatară — pagină inexistentă">RSSA Tatară</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1em;; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Republica_Tatarstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Republica Tatarstan">Republica Tatarstan</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; text-align:right;"><hr /><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Tatarstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portal:Tatarstan — pagină inexistentă">Portal Tatarstan</a></b><br />  <span class="noprint plainlinks" style="white-space: nowrap; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; ;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Istoria_Tatarstanului" title="Format:Istoria Tatarstanului"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Istoria_Tatarstanului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Istoria Tatarstanului — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Istoria_Tatarstanului&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";">m</span></a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Cea mai mare parte a populației regiunii era de <a href="/wiki/Popor_turcic" title="Popor turcic">origine turcică</a> (conform însemnărilor lui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Rusta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Rusta — pagină inexistentă">ibn Rusta</a>). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciuva%C8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciuvaș — pagină inexistentă">Ciuvașii</a> și <a href="/wiki/T%C4%83tar" class="mw-redirect" title="Tătar">tătarii</a> din zilele noastre sunt urmașii <a href="/wiki/Bulgar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgar">bulgarilor</a> de pe <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a>, deși se pare că studiile <a href="/wiki/Lingvistic%C4%83" title="Lingvistică">lingvistice</a> demonstrează că <a href="/wiki/Ciuva%C8%99i" title="Ciuvași">ciuvașii</a> reprezintă un etnos turcic mai timpuriu, care ar putea fi înrudiți cu <a href="/wiki/Huni" title="Huni">hunii</a>. </p><p>Șeful bulgarilor de pe Volga era <i>iltäbär</i>-ul (iteber) (numit uneori și <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elteber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elteber — pagină inexistentă">elteber</a></i>). După trecerea la <a href="/wiki/Islamizare" title="Islamizare">islam</a>, titlul conducătorului bulgarilor a fost cel de <i><a href="/wiki/%C8%98eic" title="Șeic">șeic</a></i>. Conducătorii despre care există dovezi scrise sunt: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alm%C4%B1%C8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almıș — pagină inexistentă">Almıș</a> (Almîș), Mikail bine Cäğfär (Mikaul ibn Djafar), Mö'mim bine Äxmäd (Mumin ibn Ahmad), Mö'min bine âl-Xäsän (Mumin ibn al-Hasan) și Talib bine Äxmäd (Talib ibn Ahmad).</i> </p><p>Având controlul asupra cursului mijlociu al fluviului <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a>, statul bulgar avea controlul și asupra celei mai mari părți a comerțului între Europa și Asia de dinaintea <a href="/wiki/Cruciad%C4%83" title="Cruciadă">cruciadelor</a> (care au deschis și alte rute comerciale). Capitala Bulgar era un oraș înfloritor, rivalizând ca întindere și bogăție cu cele mai importante orașe ale lumii islamice. Partenerii comerciali ai bulgarilor erau <a href="/wiki/Viking" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking">vikingii</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regiunea_autonom%C4%83_Hant%C3%AE-Mansiisk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regiunea autonomă Hantî-Mansiisk — pagină inexistentă">hantîi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nene%C8%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neneț — pagină inexistentă">neneții</a> și locuitorii din <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bjarmland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bjarmland — pagină inexistentă">Bjarmland</a> în nord, negustorii din <a href="/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad">Bagdad</a> și <a href="/wiki/Constantinopole" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantinopole">Constantinopole</a> în sud, din <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> în răsărit, până la orașele din vestul Europei. Alte orașe protobulgare au fost <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%BCl%C3%A4r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bülär — pagină inexistentă">Bülär</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suar — pagină inexistentă">Suar</a> (Suwar), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qa%C8%99an&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qașan — pagină inexistentă">Qașan</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%BCk%C3%A4taw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cükätaw — pagină inexistentă">Cükätaw</a> (Juktin). Orașele din zilele noastre <a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a> și <a href="/wiki/Ielabuga" title="Ielabuga">Ielabuga</a> au fost la origine fortărețe ale bulgarilor. </p><p>Unele dintre orașele protobulgare nu au fost încă decoperite, dar sunt menționate în cronicile rusești. Acestea sunt: Așli, Tuxçin (Tuhcin), İbrahim și Taw İle. Unele dintre ele au fost distruse de invazia mongolilor și nu au fost refăcute dupa aceasta. </p><p>Cnezatele rusești din vest erau singurele amenințări însemnate din punct de vedere militar. În <a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_XI-lea" title="Secolul al XI-lea">secolul al XI-lea</a>, Bulgaria a fost devastată de mai multe atacuri rusești. La sfârșitul <a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_XII-lea" title="Secolul al XII-lea">secolului al XII-lea</a> și începutul <a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_XIII-lea" title="Secolul al XIII-lea">celui de-al XIII-lea</a>. Cnezii <a href="/wiki/Vladimir" title="Vladimir">Vladimirului</a>, (în special <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrei_cel_Pios&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrei cel Pios — pagină inexistentă">Andrei cel Pios</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vsevolod_al_III-lea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vsevolod al III-lea — pagină inexistentă">Vsevolod al III-lea</a>), nerăbdători să-și extindă granițele către est, au atacat și prădat în mod constant orașele bulgărești. Ca urmare a presiunilor crescânde ale rușilor, bulgarii au fost obligați să-și mute capitala la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bil%C3%A4r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bilär — pagină inexistentă">Bilär</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Declinul">Declinul</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria_de_pe_Volga&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Declinul" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria_de_pe_Volga&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Declinul"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invazia_mongol%C4%83_%C3%AEn_Bulgaria_de_pe_Volga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invazia mongolă în Bulgaria de pe Volga — pagină inexistentă">Invazia mongolă în Bulgaria de pe Volga</a>.</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16505893">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}</style> <p>În septembrie <a href="/wiki/1223" title="1223">1223</a>, lângă <a href="/wiki/Samara" class="mw-disambig" title="Samara">Samara</a>, avangarda armatelor lui <a href="/wiki/Ginghis_Han" title="Ginghis Han">Ginghis Han</a>, de sub comanda lui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uran — pagină inexistentă">Uran</a>, fiul lui <a href="/wiki/Subutai" class="mw-redirect" title="Subutai">Subutai Bagatur</a>, a intrat în Bulgaria de pe Volga, dar a fost înfrântă de hanul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabdula_Chelbir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabdula Chelbir — pagină inexistentă">Gabdula Chelbir</a>. În <a href="/wiki/1236" title="1236">1236</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongol" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol">mongolii</a> au reluat atacul, dar au avut nevoie de cinci ani să ocupe toată țara, care în acele timpuri era în război civil. De atunci, Bulgaria a devenit parte statului cunoscut mai târziu cu numele de <a href="/wiki/Hoarda_de_Aur" title="Hoarda de Aur">Hoarda de Aur</a>. Bulgaria a fost divizată în mai multe hanate, fiecare dintre ele vasale ale Hoardei de Aur, bucurându-se de o autonomie limitată. Până în prima jumătatea secolului al XV-lea, <a href="/wiki/Hanatul_Kazanului" title="Hanatul Kazanului">Hanatul Kazanului</a> a devenit cel mai important dintre acești vasali ai mongolilor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria_de_pe_Volga&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria_de_pe_Volga&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protobulgari" title="Protobulgari">Protobulgari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanatul_Kazanului" title="Hanatul Kazanului">Hanatul Kazanului</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazaria">Hazaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciuva%C8%99ia" title="Ciuvașia">Ciuvașia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atil" title="Atil">Atil</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Adus de la <a dir="ltr" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria_de_pe_Volga&oldid=14849328">https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria_de_pe_Volga&oldid=14849328</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categorii" title="Special:Categorii">Categorii</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Foste_state_din_Europa" title="Categorie:Foste state din Europa">Foste state din Europa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Desfiin%C8%9B%C4%83ri_%C3%AEn_1340" title="Categorie:Desființări în 1340">Desființări în 1340</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Bulgaria_de_pe_Volga" title="Categorie:Bulgaria de pe Volga">Bulgaria de pe Volga</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:State_medievale" title="Categorie:State medievale">State medievale</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorii ascunse: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_cu_suport_bibliografic_necorespunz%C4%83tor" title="Categorie:Articole cu suport bibliografic necorespunzător">Articole cu suport bibliografic necorespunzător</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_cu_leg%C4%83turi_c%C4%83tre_elemente_f%C4%83r%C4%83_etichet%C4%83_%C3%AEn_limba_rom%C3%A2n%C4%83" title="Categorie:Articole cu legături către elemente fără etichetă în limba română">Articole cu legături către elemente fără etichetă în limba română</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ultima editare a paginii a fost efectuată la 22 martie 2022, ora 02:52.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Acest text este disponibil sub licența <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro">Creative Commons cu atribuire și distribuire în condiții identice</a>; pot exista și clauze suplimentare. 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