CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title>The Political Graveyard: Iowa: U.S. Senators</title> <meta name="description" content="A database of political history and cemeteries, with brief biographical entries for 320,919 U.S. political figures, living and dead, from the 1700s to the present."> <meta name="keywords" content="political biography history genealogy cemeteries politics candidates congress senators legislators governors politicians biographies ancestors mayors birthplace geography elections"> <meta name="author" content="Lawrence Kestenbaum"> <script type="text/javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-7383562-1']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'https://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); </script> </head> <body bgcolor="#FFFFDD" text="#000000" link="#cc0000" alink="#ff0000" vlink="#760000"> <style type="text/css"> p {font-family:georgia,garamond,serif} td {font-family:georgia,garamond,serif} A:link {text-decoration: none} A:visited {text-decoration: none} A:active {text-decoration: none} A:hover {text-decoration: underline} </style> <p align=center style="font-size:28pt; font-family:garamond,serif"> <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">PoliticalGraveyard.com</span><br> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/index.html" border=0> <img src="https://politicalgraveyard.com/images/tpgmain6.gif" width=450 height=216 border=0 alt="The Political Graveyard: A Database of American History"></a><br> Iowa: U.S. Senators</p> <table width=100%> <td align="center" valign="center"> <script type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> </td></table> <table width=100%><tr><td valign="top"> <hr> <p> <b>U.S. Senators from Iowa, 1848-2019</b> <i>(May be incomplete!)</i><br> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/dodge.html#657.22.93">Augustus C. Dodge</a> 1848-55 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/jones4.html#848.73.10">George W. Jones</a> 1848-59 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/harlan.html#662.81.42">James Harlan</a> 1855-57 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/harlan.html#662.81.42">James Harlan</a> 1857-65 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/grimes.html#059.66.53">James W. Grimes</a> 1859-69 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/kirksey-kittleman.html#036.12.90">Samuel J. Kirkwood</a> 1866-67 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/harlan.html#662.81.42">James Harlan</a> 1867-73 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/howell.html#234.18.90">James B. Howell</a> 1870-71 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/wright4.html#609.33.08">George G. Wright</a> 1871-77 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/allison.html#172.12.15">William B. Allison</a> 1873-1908 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/kirksey-kittleman.html#036.12.90">Samuel J. Kirkwood</a> 1877-81 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/mcdaniels-mcdill.html#082.39.81">James W. McDill</a> 1881-83 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/wilson5.html#303.49.21">James F. Wilson</a> 1883-95 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/gayle-geerlings.html#776.05.51">John H. Gear</a> 1895-1900 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/doi-donahower.html#317.62.65">Jonathan P. Dolliver</a> 1900-10 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/cummins-cunneen.html#289.94.67">Albert B. Cummins</a> 1908-26 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/young6.html#781.90.33">Lafayette Young</a> 1910-11 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/kenton-kerns.html#071.86.33">William S. Kenyon</a> 1911-22 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/raub-rawson.html#215.70.07">Charles A. Rawson</a> 1922 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bronstein-brookover.html#138.95.29">Smith W. Brookhart</a> 1922-26 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/steck-steel.html#744.88.27">Daniel F. Steck</a> 1926-31 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/stewart2.html#644.90.48">David W. Stewart</a> 1926-27 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bronstein-brookover.html#138.95.29">Smith W. Brookhart</a> 1927-33 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/dickinson.html#712.18.12">L. J. Dickinson</a> 1931-37 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/murphy7.html#756.35.72">Louis Murphy</a> 1933-36 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/gillet-gillhaus.html#998.61.47">Guy M. Gillette</a> 1936-45 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/herring-heslop.html#870.72.67">Clyde L. Herring</a> 1937-43 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/wilson4.html#890.19.45">George A. Wilson</a> 1943-49 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/heyburn-hickerson.html#295.55.42">Bourke B. Hickenlooper</a> 1945-69 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/gillet-gillhaus.html#998.61.47">Guy M. Gillette</a> 1949-55 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/martin8.html#744.38.78">Thomas E. Martin</a> 1955-61 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/miller5.html#325.21.75">Jack Miller</a> 1961-73 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hughes.html#416.28.98">Harold E. Hughes</a> 1969-75 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/clark7.html#589.35.55">Dick Clark</a> 1973-79 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/culver.html#908.10.43">John C. Culver</a> 1975-81 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/jennison-jewell.html#953.02.27">Roger Jepsen</a> 1979-85 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/grant-graver.html#722.63.24">Charles E. Grassley</a> 1981- <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/harkavey-harl.html#301.44.41">Tom Harkin</a> 1985- <p> <b>Events and Candidates</b> <i>(may be incomplete!)</i><br> <li> 1848: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/wallace.html#950.22.32">William Henson Wallace</a>, defeated. <li> 1855 Feb 22: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/dodge.html#657.22.93">Augustus C. Dodge</a>, resigned. <li> 1900 Jul 14: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/gayle-geerlings.html#776.05.51">John H. Gear</a>, died in office. <li> 1908 Aug 4: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/allison.html#172.12.15">William B. Allison</a>, died in office. <li> 1910 Oct 15: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/doi-donahower.html#317.62.65">Jonathan P. Dolliver</a>, died in office. <li> 1914 Nov 3: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/cummins-cunneen.html#289.94.67">Albert B. Cummins</a> (Rep), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/connolly.html#108.29.28">Maurice Connolly</a> (Dem), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/sproat-staebler.html#665.84.10">Otis L. Spurgeon</a> (Ind), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/schenk-schissler.html#336.34.59">Casper Schenk</a> (Progressive), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/mccorquodale-mccuiston.html#725.92.68">I. S. McCullis</a> (Socialist), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/christenson-christianson.html#770.18.54">Madison L. Christian</a> (Prohibition), defeated. <li> 1918 Nov 5: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/kenton-kerns.html#071.86.33">William S. Kenyon</a> (Rep), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/keyes.html#122.55.09">Charles R. Keyes</a> (Dem), defeated. <li> 1920 Nov 2: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/cummins-cunneen.html#289.94.67">Albert B. Cummins</a> (Rep), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/porter2.html#256.82.96">Claude R. Porter</a> (Dem), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/cowart-cowpland.html#827.08.15">H. W. Cowles</a> (Farmer-Labor), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/dowd-dowlin.html#447.64.25">Arthur S. Dowler</a> (Socialist Labor), defeated. <li> 1922: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/sweet.html#963.38.43">Burton E. Sweet</a> (Rep), defeated in primary. <li> 1922 Nov 7: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bronstein-brookover.html#138.95.29">Smith W. Brookhart</a> (Rep), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/herring-heslop.html#870.72.67">Clyde L. Herring</a> (Dem), defeated. <li> 1924: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/sweet.html#963.38.43">Burton E. Sweet</a> (Rep), defeated in primary. <li> 1924 Nov 4: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bronstein-brookover.html#138.95.29">Smith W. Brookhart</a> (Rep), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/steck-steel.html#744.88.27">Daniel F. Steck</a> (Dem), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/brentano-brewington.html#026.69.41">Luther A. Brewer</a> (Independent Republican), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/eichelroth-elcan.html#096.26.51">L. E. Eickelberg</a>, defeated. <li> 1926 Jul 30: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/cummins-cunneen.html#289.94.67">Albert B. Cummins</a>, died in office. <li> 1926 Nov 2: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/stewart2.html#644.90.48">David W. Stewart</a> (Rep), elected unopposed. <li> 1926 Nov 2: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bronstein-brookover.html#138.95.29">Smith W. Brookhart</a> (Rep), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/porter2.html#256.82.96">Claude R. Porter</a> (Dem), defeated. <li> 1930: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hamlet-hammitt.html#145.22.02">John Hammill</a> (Rep), defeated in primary. <li> 1930 Nov 4: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/dickinson.html#712.18.12">L. J. Dickinson</a> (Rep), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/steck-steel.html#744.88.27">Daniel F. Steck</a> (Dem), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/wells.html#871.79.44">Arthur A. Wells</a>, defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/eichelroth-elcan.html#096.26.51">L. E. Eickelberg</a>, defeated. <li> 1936 Jul 16: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/murphy7.html#756.35.72">Louis Murphy</a>, died in office. <li> 1936 Nov 3: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/herring-heslop.html#870.72.67">Clyde L. Herring</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/dickinson.html#712.18.12">L. J. Dickinson</a> (Rep), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/burditt-burges.html#136.91.49">George F. Buresh</a> (Farmer-Labor), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hammond.html#746.50.29">John B. Hammond</a> (Prohibition), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/conrad.html#445.02.61">Lactitia M. Conrad</a> (Socialist), defeated. <li> 1936 Nov 3: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/gillet-gillhaus.html#998.61.47">Guy M. Gillette</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hains-haldor.html#103.53.65">Berry F. Halden</a> (Rep), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/quackenbush-quigg.html#397.05.51">Ernest R. Quick</a> (Farmer-Labor), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/johnson8.html#729.11.27">Tom Johnson</a> (Socialist), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/coad-coatsworth.html#874.00.44">Alexis U. Coates</a> (Prohibition), defeated. <li> 1938: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/thurmond-thwing.html#667.13.57">Lloyd Thurston</a>, defeated for nomination. <li> 1938 Nov 8: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/gillet-gillhaus.html#998.61.47">Guy M. Gillette</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/dickinson.html#712.18.12">L. J. Dickinson</a> (Rep), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/burditt-burges.html#136.91.49">George F. Buresh</a> (Farmer-Labor), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/handerson-hanlan.html#234.50.89">Raymond E. Hanke</a> (Progressive), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/battles-baxmeyer.html#206.91.06">G. W. Bauseman</a> (Prohibition), defeated. <li> 1942: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/seeligson-selby.html#422.55.86">Ernest J. Seemann</a> (Dem), defeated in primary. <li> 1942: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/doi-donahower.html#931.93.81">James I. Dolliver</a> (Rep), defeated in primary. <li> 1942 Nov 3: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/wilson4.html#890.19.45">George A. Wilson</a> (Rep), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/herring-heslop.html#870.72.67">Clyde L. Herring</a> (Dem), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hensel-heraz.html#988.64.97">M. M. Heptonstall</a> (Prohibition), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/seeligson-selby.html#422.55.86">Ernest J. Seemann</a> (Progressive New Dealer), defeated. <li> 1944 Jun 6: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/seeligson-selby.html#422.55.86">Ernest J. Seemann</a> (Dem), defeated in primary. <li> 1944 Nov 7: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/heyburn-hickerson.html#295.55.42">Bourke B. Hickenlooper</a> (Rep), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/gillet-gillhaus.html#998.61.47">Guy M. Gillette</a> (Dem), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/boude-bowe.html#323.29.24">W. S. Bowden</a> (Prohibition), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/draves-drexler.html#168.45.73">C. W. Drescher</a> (Socialist), defeated. <li> 1948 Nov 2: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/gillet-gillhaus.html#998.61.47">Guy M. Gillette</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/wilson4.html#890.19.45">George A. Wilson</a> (Rep), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/pinkerton-pittoni.html#654.71.21">Seymour Pitcher</a> (Progressive), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/kellian-kellum.html#844.24.19">Z. Everett Kellum</a> (Prohibition), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/boarman-bodziak.html#156.23.82">Hugo Bockewitz</a> (Socialist), defeated. <li> 1950: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/wattson-weatherwax.html#762.15.49">Otha D. Wearin</a> (Dem), defeated in primary. <li> 1950 Nov 7: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/seeligson-selby.html#422.55.86">Ernest J. Seemann</a> (States Rights Democratic), defeated. <li> 1954 Nov 2: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/seeligson-selby.html#422.55.86">Ernest J. Seemann</a> (Republicsons), defeated. <li> 1956 Nov 6: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/heyburn-hickerson.html#295.55.42">Bourke B. Hickenlooper</a> (Rep), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/evans7.html#489.01.28">R. M. Evans</a> (Dem), defeated. <li> 1962 Nov 6: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/heyburn-hickerson.html#295.55.42">Bourke B. Hickenlooper</a> (Rep), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/smith3.html#988.53.76">E. B. Smith</a> (Dem), defeated. <li> 1966 Nov 8: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/miller5.html#325.21.75">Jack Miller</a> (Rep), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/smith3.html#988.53.76">E. B. Smith</a> (Dem), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/dilas-dills.html#710.22.80">Robert D. Dilley</a> (American Constitution), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/dawyn-day.html#188.90.79">Charles H. Day</a> (Peace Independent), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hoopes-hopkin.html#933.13.23">Herbert F. Hoover</a> (Iowa), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hickson-higginbottom.html#238.19.26">Verne M. Higens</a> (Prohibition), defeated. <li> 1968: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/brockson-bronrott.html#098.91.28">James E. Bromwell</a> (Rep), defeated in primary. <li> 1968 Nov 5: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hughes.html#416.28.98">Harold E. Hughes</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/stanley.html#943.18.47">David M. Stanley</a> (Rep), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hickson-higginbottom.html#238.19.26">Verne M. Higens</a> (Prohibition), defeated. <li> 1972 Nov 7: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/clark7.html#589.35.55">Dick Clark</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/miller5.html#325.21.75">Jack Miller</a> (Rep), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/robison-rockne.html#509.26.74">William A. Rocap, Jr.</a> (American), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/benton.html#390.23.91">Fred Richard Benton</a>, defeated. <li> 1974 Nov 5: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/culver.html#908.10.43">John C. Culver</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/stanley.html#943.18.47">David M. Stanley</a> (Rep), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/owenby-ozzard.html#616.43.13">Lorin E. Oxley</a> (American), defeated. <li> 1978 Nov 7: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/jennison-jewell.html#953.02.27">Roger Jepsen</a> (Rep), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/clark7.html#589.35.55">Dick Clark</a> (Dem), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/baker4.html#168.90.45">Gerald L. Baker</a> (Ind), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/olson.html#054.62.56">Ben L. Olson</a> (Libertarian), defeated. <li> 1980 Nov 4: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/grant-graver.html#722.63.24">Charles E. Grassley</a> (Rep), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/culver.html#908.10.43">John C. Culver</a> (Dem), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/dey-dichman.html#811.89.17">Gary DeYoung</a> (Ind), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hendrickson-henriquez.html#007.23.92">Robert V. Hengerer</a> (Libertarian), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/henderson.html#201.75.30">John I. Henderson</a> (Ind), defeated. <li> 1984 Nov 6: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/harkavey-harl.html#301.44.41">Tom Harkin</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/jennison-jewell.html#953.02.27">Roger Jepsen</a> (Rep), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/dey-dichman.html#811.89.17">Gary DeYoung</a> (Ind), defeated. <li> 1986 Nov 4: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/grant-graver.html#722.63.24">Charles E. Grassley</a> (Rep), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/roebling-rogaski.html#635.35.06">John P. Roehrick</a> (Dem), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/masters.html#331.11.78">John Masters</a> (Ind), defeated. <li> 1990 Nov 6: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/harkavey-harl.html#301.44.41">Tom Harkin</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/tatem-tayloe.html#413.17.03">Thomas J. Tauke</a> (Rep), defeated. <li> 1992 Nov 3: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/grant-graver.html#722.63.24">Charles E. Grassley</a> (Rep), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/lloyd-lockard.html#730.67.28">Jean Lloyd-Jones</a> (Dem), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/zimmerman.html#204.78.27">Stuart Zimmerman</a> (Natural Law), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/atkinson.html#542.65.79">Sue Atkinson</a>, defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/boothby-borunda.html#329.12.82">Mel Boring</a>, defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/frederick-freels.html#516.19.19">Rosanne Freeburg</a>, defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/olmstead-olshaw.html#420.29.30">Carl E. Olsen</a> (Grass Roots), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hughes.html#142.31.87">Richard O'Dell Hughes</a>, defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/pugsley-puntley.html#651.16.31">Cleve A. Pulley</a> (Socialist Workers), defeated. <li> 1996 Nov 5: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/harkavey-harl.html#301.44.41">Tom Harkin</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/liggett-linblad.html#786.01.05">Jim Lightfoot</a> (Rep), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/atkinson.html#542.65.79">Sue Atkinson</a>, defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/grant-graver.html#131.58.99">Fred Gratzon</a> (Natural Law), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/suarez-sullinger.html#125.53.94">Joe Sulentic</a>, defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/pelfrey-pendery.html#197.04.18">Shirley E. Pena</a> (Socialist Workers), defeated. <li> 1998 Jun 2: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/osburn-ostrowski.html#888.56.93">David Osterberg</a> (Dem), nominated unopposed. <li> 1998 Jun 2: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/grant-graver.html#722.63.24">Charles E. Grassley</a> (Rep), nominated unopposed. <li> 1998 Nov 3: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/grant-graver.html#722.63.24">Charles E. Grassley</a> (Rep), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/osburn-ostrowski.html#888.56.93">David Osterberg</a> (Dem), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/mara-margolis.html#953.50.26">Susan Marcus</a> (Natural Law), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/trippe-trumbo.html#108.30.32">Margaret Trowe</a> (Socialist Workers), defeated. <li> 2002 Nov 5: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/harkavey-harl.html#301.44.41">Tom Harkin</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/gambrell-garcelon.html#484.08.15">Greg Ganske</a> (Rep), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/harte-hartling.html#455.00.27">Timothy A. Harthan</a> (Green), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/moore7.html#454.01.36">Richard J. Moore</a> (Libertarian), defeated. <li> 2004 Nov 2: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/grant-graver.html#722.63.24">Charles E. Grassley</a> (Rep), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/small.html#727.46.99">Arthur A. Small</a> (Dem), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/wellstone-wenstrom.html#931.29.46">Christy Ann Welty</a> (Libertarian), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/norrish-northway.html#141.63.61">Daryl A. Northrop</a> (Green), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/frothingham-frusher.html#093.35.72">Edwin B. Fruit</a> (Socialist Workers), defeated. </td> <td width=180 align="center" valign="center"> <script type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> </td></tr></table> <table width=100%> <td align="center" valign="center"> <script type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> </td></table> <table width=100%> <tr><td align="center"><span style="font-size:20pt;"> <span style="font-family:garamond,serif"> <i>"Enjoy the hospitable entertainment of a political graveyard."</i></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:8pt;">Henry L. Clinton, Apollo Hall, New York City, February 3, 1872</span></td> <td><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/"> <img src="https://politicalgraveyard.com/images/tpgsub.gif" width=450 height=71 align="right" border=0 alt="The Political Graveyard"></a></td></tr></table> <br clear="all"> <table width=100% cellpadding=2> <tr><td colspan=3><span style="font-size:10pt;"> <b><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/index.html">The Political Graveyard</a></b> is a web site about U.S. political history and cemeteries. Founded in 1996, it is the Internet's most comprehensive free source for American political biography, listing 320,919 politicians, living and dead.</span></td></tr> <tr><td colspan=3><span style="font-size:8pt;"> </span></td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><span style="font-size:8pt;"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> The coverage of this site includes (1) the President, Vice President, members of Congress, elected state and territorial officeholders in all fifty states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories; and the chief elected official, typically the mayor, of qualifying municipalities; (2) candidates at election, including primaries, for any of the above; (3) all federal judges and all state appellate judges; (4) certain federal officials, including the federal cabinet, diplomatic chiefs of mission, consuls, U.S. district attorneys, collectors of customs and internal revenue, members of major federal commissions; and political appointee (pre-1969) postmasters of qualifying communities; (5) state and national political party officials, including delegates, alternate delegates, and other participants in national party nominating conventions; (6) Americans who served as "honorary" consuls for other nations before 1950. Note: municipalities or communities "qualify", for Political Graveyard purposes, if they have at least half a million person-years of history, inclusive of predecessor, successor, and merged entities.</span></td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><span style="font-size:8pt;"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> The listings are <b>incomplete</b>; development of the database is a continually ongoing project.</span></td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><span style="font-size:8pt;"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> Information on this page — and on all other pages of this site — is believed to be accurate, but is <b>not</b> guaranteed. Users are advised to check with other sources before relying on any information here.</span></td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><span style="font-size:8pt;"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> The official URL for this page is: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/IA/ofc/ussen.html">https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/IA/ofc/ussen.html</a>.</span></td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><span style="font-size:8pt;"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> Links to this or any other Political Graveyard page are welcome, but specific page addresses may sometimes change as the site develops.</span></td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><span style="font-size:8pt;"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> If you are searching for a specific named individual, try the <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/alpha/index.html">alphabetical index of politicians</a>.</span></td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan=3 align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10pt;"> <b>Copyright notices:</b> (1) Facts are not subject to copyright; see <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/copyright/cases/499_US_340.htm">Feist v. Rural Telephone</a>. (2) Politician portraits displayed on this site are 70-pixel-wide monochrome thumbnail images, which I believe to constitute <b>fair use</b> under applicable copyright law. Where possible, each image is linked to its online source. However, requests from owners of copyrighted images to delete them from this site are honored. (3) Original material, programming, selection and arrangement are © 1996-2023 Lawrence Kestenbaum. (4) This work is also licensed for free non-commercial re-use, with attribution, under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/">Creative Commons License</a>.</span></td></tr> <tr><td colspan=3 align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10pt;"> <b>Site information:</b> The Political Graveyard is created and maintained by <b>Lawrence Kestenbaum</b>, who is solely responsible for its structure and content. — The mailing address is <b>The Political Graveyard, P.O. Box 2563, Ann Arbor MI 48106.</b> — This site is hosted by <b><a href="https://www.hdl.com">HDL</a></b>. — The Political Graveyard opened on <b>July 1, 1996</b>; the last full revision was done on <b>March 8, 2023</b>. </span></td></tr> </table> <hr> <table align="center" cellpadding=5><tr> <td align="center" valign="center"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" border="0" src="https://creativecommons.org/images/public/somerights.gif" width=88 height=31></a></td> <td align="center" valign="center"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/politicalgraveyard" target="_TOP" title="The Political Graveyard"><img src="https://badge.facebook.com/badge/40475596932.4982.1015512377.png" width="120" height="84" style="border: 0px;" /></a></td> <td align="center" valign="center"><a href="https://www.twitter.com/polgraveyard"> <img src="https://twitter-badges.s3.amazonaws.com/follow_us-a.png" border=0 alt="Follow polgraveyard on Twitter"/></a></td> <td align="center" valign="center"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=thepoliticalg-20&path=subst/home/home.html"> <img src="https://politicalgraveyard.com/images/a150X70b.gif" border=0 alt="[Amazon.com]" align="center"></a></td> </tr></table> </body> </html>