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Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%81%D9%8A" title="تخفي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تخفي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisibilitat" title="Invisibilitat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Invisibilitat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anweledigrwydd" title="Anweledigrwydd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Anweledigrwydd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsichtbarkeit" title="Unsichtbarkeit – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Unsichtbarkeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisibilidad" title="Invisibilidad – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Invisibilidad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikusezintasun" title="Ikusezintasun – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ikusezintasun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C" title="نادیدنی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نادیدنی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisibilit%C3%A9" title="Invisibilité – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Invisibilité" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%88%EA%B0%80%EC%8B%9C" title="불가시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="불가시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="अदृश्य – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अदृश्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93s%C3%BDnileiki" title="Ósýnileiki – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ósýnileiki" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisibilit%C3%A0" title="Invisibilità – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Invisibilità" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99-%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA" title="אי-נראות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אי-נראות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1thatatlans%C3%A1g" title="Láthatatlanság – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Láthatatlanság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onzichtbaarheid" title="Onzichtbaarheid – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Onzichtbaarheid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A6%8B%E3%81%88%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE" title="見えないもの – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="見えないもの" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisibilidade" title="Invisibilidade – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Invisibilidade" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invizibilitate" title="Invizibilitate – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Invizibilitate" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Невидимость – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Невидимость" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A4kym%C3%A4tt%C3%B6myys" title="Näkymättömyys – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Näkymättömyys" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osynlighet" title="Osynlighet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Osynlighet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6r%C3%BCnmezlik" title="Görünmezlik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Görünmezlik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0ng_h%C3%ACnh" title="Tàng hình – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tàng hình" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9A%B1%E5%BD%A2" title="隱形 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="隱形" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9A%B1%E5%BD%A2%E8%83%BD%E5%8A%9B" title="隱形能力 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="隱形能力" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Invisibility" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Invisibility" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invisibility&oldid=1245950218" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invisibility&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Invisibility&id=1245950218&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlQ%C4%B1sald%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FInvisibility"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrKodu&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FInvisibility"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State of a matter that cannot be seen</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Invisible" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Invisible_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Invisible (disambiguation)">Invisible (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Invisibility&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:INVIS_MIRROR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/INVIS_MIRROR.png/220px-INVIS_MIRROR.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/INVIS_MIRROR.png/330px-INVIS_MIRROR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/INVIS_MIRROR.png/440px-INVIS_MIRROR.png 2x" data-file-width="704" data-file-height="617" /></a><figcaption>By using two parabolic cylindric mirrors and one plane mirror, the image of the background is directed around an object, making the object itself invisible - at least from two sides.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Invisibility</b> is the state of an object that cannot be <a href="/wiki/Visual_perception" title="Visual perception">seen</a>. An object in this state is said to be <i>invisible</i> (literally, "not visible"). The phenomenon is studied by <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perceptual_psychology" title="Perceptual psychology">perceptual psychology</a>. </p><p>Since objects can be seen by <a href="/wiki/Light" title="Light">light</a> from a source reflecting off their surfaces and hitting the viewer's <a href="/wiki/Eye" title="Eye">eyes</a>, the most natural form of invisibility (whether real or fictional) is an object that neither reflects nor absorbs light (that is, it allows light to pass through it). This is known as <a href="/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency" title="Transparency and translucency">transparency</a>, and is seen in many naturally occurring materials (although no naturally occurring material is 100% transparent). </p><p>Invisibility perception depends on several optical and visual factors.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, invisibility depends on the eyes of the observer and/or the instruments used. Thus an object can be classified as "invisible" to a person, animal, instrument, etc. In research on sensorial <a href="/wiki/Perception" title="Perception">perception</a> it has been shown that invisibility is perceived in cycles.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Invisibility is often considered to be the supreme form of <a href="/wiki/Camouflage" title="Camouflage">camouflage</a>, as it does not reveal to the viewer any kind of <a href="/wiki/Vital_signs" title="Vital signs">vital signs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visual" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual">visual</a> effects, or any frequencies of the <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum" title="Electromagnetic spectrum">electromagnetic spectrum</a> detectable to the <a href="/wiki/Human_eye" title="Human eye">human eye</a>, instead making use of <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infrared" title="Infrared">infrared</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">ultraviolet</a> wavelengths. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Illusion_optics" title="Illusion optics">illusion optics</a>, invisibility is a special case of illusion effects: the illusion of free space. </p><p>The term is often used in <a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">fantasy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a>, where objects cannot be seen by means of <a href="/wiki/Magic_(paranormal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic (paranormal)">magic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hypothetical_technology" title="Hypothetical technology">hypothetical technology</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Practical_efforts">Practical efforts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invisibility&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Practical efforts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cloak_of_invisibility" title="Cloak of invisibility">Cloak of invisibility</a></div> <p>Technology can be used theoretically or practically to render real-world objects invisible. </p><p>Making use of a real-time image displayed on a wearable display, it is possible to create a see-through effect. This is known as <a href="/wiki/Active_camouflage" title="Active camouflage">active camouflage</a>. Though <a href="/wiki/Stealth_technology" title="Stealth technology">stealth technology</a> is declared to be invisible to <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a>, all officially disclosed applications of the technology can only <i>reduce</i> the size and/or clarity of the signature detected by radar. </p><p>In 2003 the Chilean scientist <a href="/wiki/Gunther_Uhlmann" title="Gunther Uhlmann">Gunther Uhlmann</a> postulates the first mathematical equations to create invisible materials.<sup id="cite_ref-Alonso,_2013_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alonso,_2013-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="Secondary source would be better (March 2020)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 2006, a team effort of researchers from Britain and the US announced the development of a real <a href="/wiki/Cloak_of_invisibility#Cloaks_of_invisibility_in_science" title="Cloak of invisibility">cloak of invisibility</a>, an artificially made <a href="/wiki/Meta_material" class="mw-redirect" title="Meta material">meta material</a> that is invisible to the microwave spectrum, though it is only in its first stages.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Filmmaking" title="Filmmaking">filmmaking</a>, people, objects, or backgrounds can be made to look invisible on camera through a process known as <a href="/wiki/Chroma_key" title="Chroma key">chroma keying</a>. </p><p>Engineers and scientists have performed various kinds of research to investigate the possibility of finding ways to create real optical invisibility (cloaks) for objects. Methods are typically based on implementing the theoretical techniques of <a href="/wiki/Transformation_optics" title="Transformation optics">transformation optics</a>, which have given rise to several <a href="/wiki/Theories_of_cloaking" title="Theories of cloaking">theories of cloaking</a>. </p><p>Currently, a practical cloaking device does not exist.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2006 theoretical work predicts that the imperfections are minor, and <a href="/wiki/Metamaterial" title="Metamaterial">metamaterials</a> may make real-life "cloaking devices" practical.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The technique is predicted to be applied to <a href="/wiki/Radio_frequency" title="Radio frequency">radio waves</a> within five years, and the distortion of visible light is an eventual possibility. The theory that light waves can be acted upon the same way as radio waves is now a popular idea among scientists. The agent can be compared to a stone in a river, around which water passes, but slightly down-stream leaves no trace of the stone. Comparing light waves to the water, and whatever object that is being "cloaked" to the stone, the goal is to have light waves pass around that object, leaving no visible aspects of it, possibly not even a shadow.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is the technique depicted in the 2000 television portrayal of <a href="/wiki/The_Invisible_Man_(2000_TV_series)" title="The Invisible Man (2000 TV series)">The Invisible Man</a>. </p><p>Two teams of scientists worked separately to create two "Invisibility Cloaks" from '<a href="/wiki/Metamaterials" class="mw-redirect" title="Metamaterials">metamaterials</a>' engineered at the <a href="/wiki/Nanoscopic_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanoscopic scale">nanoscale</a> level. They demonstrated for the first time the possibility of cloaking three-dimensional (3-D) objects with artificially engineered materials that redirect radar, light or other waves around an object. While one uses a type of fishnet of metal layers to reverse the direction of light, the other uses tiny silver wires. Xiang Zhang, of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley</a> said: "In the case of invisibility cloaks or shields, the material would need to curve light waves completely around the object like a river flowing around a rock. An observer looking at the cloaked object would then see light from behind it, making it seem to disappear." </p><p><a href="/wiki/UC_Berkeley" class="mw-redirect" title="UC Berkeley">UC Berkeley</a> researcher Jason Valentine's team made a material that affects light near the visible spectrum, in a region used in fibre optics: 'Instead of the fish appearing to be slightly ahead of where it is in the water, it would actually appear to be above the water's surface. For a metamaterial to produce negative refraction, it must have a structural array smaller than the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation being used." Valentine's team created their 'fishnet' material by stacking silver and metal dielectric layers on top of each other and then punching holes through them. The other team used an oxide template and grew silver nanowires inside porous aluminum oxide at tiny distances apart, smaller than the wavelength of visible light. This material refracts visible light. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">Imperial College London</a> research team achieved results with <a href="/wiki/Microwaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Microwaves">microwaves</a>. An invisibility cloak layout of a copper cylinder was produced in May, 2008, by physicist Professor Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Pendry" title="John Pendry">John Pendry</a>. Scientists working with him at <a href="/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University">Duke University</a> in the US put the idea into practice.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pendry, who theorized the invisibility cloak "as a joke" to illustrate the potential of metamaterials, said in an interview in August 2011 that grand, theatrical manifestations of his idea are probably overblown: "I think it’s pretty sure that any cloak that Harry Potter would recognize is not on the table. You could dream up some theory, but the very practicality of making it would be so impossible. But can you hide things from light? Yes. Can you hide things which are a few centimeters across? Yes. Is the cloak really flexible and flappy? No. Will it ever be? No. So you can do quite a lot of things, but there are limitations. There are going to be some disappointed kids around, but there might be a few people in industry who are very grateful for it."<sup id="cite_ref-PendryVideo_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PendryVideo-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Turkey in 2009, Bilkent University Search Center Of Nanotechnology researches explained and published in <i><a href="/wiki/New_Journal_of_Physics" title="New Journal of Physics">New Journal of Physics</a></i> that they achieved to make invisibility real in practice using nanotechnology making an object invisible with no shadows etc. next to perfect transparent scene by producing nanotechnologic material that can also be produced like a suit anyone can wear. </p><p>In 2019, <a href="/wiki/HyperStealth_Biotechnology_Corporation" title="HyperStealth Biotechnology Corporation">Hyperstealth Biotechnology</a> has patented the technology behind a material that bends light to make people and objects near invisible to the naked eye. The material, called Quantum Stealth, is currently still in the prototyping stage, but was developed by the company's CEO Guy Cramer primarily for military purposes, to conceal agents and equipment such as tanks and jets in the field. Unlike traditional camouflage materials, which are limited to specific conditions such as forests or deserts, according to Cramer this "invisibility cloak" works in any environment or season, at any time of day. This is despite its actual application requiring artificial backgrounds made up of horizontal lines.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Psychological">Psychological</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invisibility&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Psychological"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Social_invisibility" title="Social invisibility">Social invisibility</a></div> <p>A person can be described as invisible if others refuse to see them or routinely overlook them. The term was used in this manner in the title of the book <i><a href="/wiki/Invisible_Man" title="Invisible Man">Invisible Man</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Ellison" title="Ralph Ellison">Ralph Ellison</a>, in reference to the protagonist, likely modeled after the author, being overlooked on account of his status as an <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a>. This is supported by the quote taken from the Prologue, "I am invisible, understand, simply because people refuse to see me." (Prologue.1)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fictional_use">Fictional use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invisibility&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Fictional use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Invisibility" title="Special:EditPage/Invisibility">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Invisibility_in_fiction" title="Invisibility in fiction">Invisibility in fiction</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Illustration_to_Richard_Wagner%27s_%22Das_Rheingold%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Illustration_to_Richard_Wagner%27s_%22Das_Rheingold%22.jpg/190px-Illustration_to_Richard_Wagner%27s_%22Das_Rheingold%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Illustration_to_Richard_Wagner%27s_%22Das_Rheingold%22.jpg/285px-Illustration_to_Richard_Wagner%27s_%22Das_Rheingold%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Illustration_to_Richard_Wagner%27s_%22Das_Rheingold%22.jpg/380px-Illustration_to_Richard_Wagner%27s_%22Das_Rheingold%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="969" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alberich" title="Alberich">Alberich</a> puts on the <a href="/wiki/Tarnhelm" title="Tarnhelm">Tarnhelm</a> and vanishes; illustration by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rackham" title="Arthur Rackham">Arthur Rackham</a> to <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Das_Rheingold" title="Das Rheingold">Das Rheingold</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>In fiction, people or objects can be rendered completely invisible by several means: </p> <ul><li>Magical objects such as <a href="/wiki/Finger_ring" class="mw-redirect" title="Finger ring">rings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cloak" title="Cloak">cloaks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amulet" title="Amulet">amulets</a> can be worn to grant the wearer permanent invisibility (or temporary invisibility until the object is taken off).</li> <li>Magical <a href="/wiki/Potion" title="Potion">potions</a> can be consumed to grant temporary or permanent invisibility.</li> <li>Magic spells can be cast on people or objects, usually giving temporary invisibility.</li> <li>Some mythical <a href="/wiki/Legendary_creature" title="Legendary creature">creatures</a> can make themselves invisible at will, such as in some tales in which <a href="/wiki/Leprechaun" title="Leprechaun">leprechauns</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chinese_dragon" title="Chinese dragon">Chinese dragons</a> can shrink so much that humans cannot see them.</li> <li>In science fiction, the idea of a "<a href="/wiki/Cloaking_device" title="Cloaking device">cloaking device</a>".</li></ul> <p>In some works, the power of magic creates an effective means of invisibility by distracting anyone who might notice the character. But since the character is not truly invisible, the effect could be betrayed by mirrors or other reflective surfaces. </p><p>Where <a href="/wiki/Magic_(paranormal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic (paranormal)">magical</a> invisibility is concerned, the issue may arise of whether the <a href="/wiki/Clothing" title="Clothing">clothing</a> worn by and any items carried by the invisible being are also rendered invisible. In general they are also regarded as being invisible, but in some instances clothing remains visible and must be removed for the full invisibility effect. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invisibility&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambiguity" title="Ambiguity">Ambiguity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covert_operation" title="Covert operation">Covert operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_invisibility" title="Social invisibility">Social invisibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visibility" title="Visibility">Visibility</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invisibility&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMorenoJauregui-SánchezAvendaño-Alejo2014" class="citation journal cs1">Moreno, Ivan; 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-08-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=High-Tech+Materials+Could+Render+Objects+Invisible&rft.pages=1120&rft.date=2006-05-26&rft.aulast=Cho&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencemag.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fsummary%2F312%2F5777%2F1120a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvisibility" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080816035413/http://www.themoneytimes.com/articles/20080811/scientists_turn_fiction_into_reality_closer_to_make_objects_invisible-id-1032139.html">"Scientists Turn Fiction Into Reality, Closer to Make Objects "Invisible"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>themoneytimes.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themoneytimes.com/articles/20080811/scientists_turn_fiction_into_reality_closer_to_make_objects_invisible-id-1032139.html">the original</a> on 2008-08-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=themoneytimes.com&rft.atitle=Scientists+Turn+Fiction+Into+Reality%2C+Closer+to+Make+Objects+%22Invisible%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoneytimes.com%2Farticles%2F20080811%2Fscientists_turn_fiction_into_reality_closer_to_make_objects_invisible-id-1032139.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvisibility" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/top-stories/2008/08/11/secrets-of-invisibility-discovered-115875-20692852/">"Secrets of invisibility discovered"</a>. <i>mirror.co.uk</i>. 10 August 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mirror.co.uk&rft.atitle=Secrets+of+invisibility+discovered&rft.date=2008-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mirror.co.uk%2Fnews%2Ftop-stories%2F2008%2F08%2F11%2Fsecrets-of-invisibility-discovered-115875-20692852%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvisibility" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PendryVideo-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PendryVideo_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Pendry2011" class="citation journal cs1">John Pendry (18 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spie.org/x57588.xml">"video: The birth and promise of metamaterials"</a>. <i>SPIE</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1117%2F2.3201110.02">10.1117/2.3201110.02</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SPIE&rft.atitle=video%3A+The+birth+and+promise+of+metamaterials&rft.date=2011-10-18&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1117%2F2.3201110.02&rft.au=John+Pendry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspie.org%2Fx57588.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvisibility" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dezeen.com/2019/11/07/hyperstealth-biotechnology-quantum-stealth-invisibility-cloak/">"Hyperstealth Biotechnology's "invisibility cloak" can conceal people and buildings"</a>. <i>Dezeen</i>. 2019-11-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-11-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dezeen&rft.atitle=Hyperstealth+Biotechnology%27s+%22invisibility+cloak%22+can+conceal+people+and+buildings&rft.date=2019-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dezeen.com%2F2019%2F11%2F07%2Fhyperstealth-biotechnology-quantum-stealth-invisibility-cloak%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvisibility" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllison1947" class="citation book cs1">Ellison, Ralph (1947). <i>Invisible man</i>. New York: Modern Library/Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780679601395" title="Special:BookSources/9780679601395"><bdi>9780679601395</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Invisible+man&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Modern+Library%2FRandom+House&rft.date=1947&rft.isbn=9780679601395&rft.aulast=Ellison&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvisibility" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invisibility&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Invisibility" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Invisibility"><span style="font-style:italic; 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