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class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 June </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 July </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 August </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9 September </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.10 October </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.11 November </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.12 December </div> </a> <ul id="toc-December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births_and_deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births_and_deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Births and deaths </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Births_and_deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nobel_Prizes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nobel_Prizes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Nobel Prizes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nobel_Prizes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 See also </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle See also subsection </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Overviews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overviews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Overviews </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overviews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specific_events_and_situations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specific_events_and_situations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Specific events and situations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specific_events_and_situations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">2019</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 204 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-204" aria-hidden="true" > 204 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="2019 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="2019 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="2019 сон – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="2019 сон" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B1%DB%B9_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۲۰۱۹ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۲۰۱۹ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF" title="২০১৯ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="২০১৯" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_n%C3%AE" title="2019 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="2019 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="2019 йыл – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="2019 йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A1%E0%BC%A9%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="༢༠༡༩ལོ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="༢༠༡༩ལོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019." title="2019. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="2019." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="2019 он – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="2019 он" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A1%E0%BC%A9" title="༢༠༡༩ – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="༢༠༡༩" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target">ཇོང་ཁ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="2019 ие – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="2019 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B1%DB%B9" title="۲۰۱۹ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۲۰۱۹" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_%D1%88%D1%83" title="2019 шу – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="2019 шу" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E5%B9%B4" title="2019年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="2019年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019-ngi%C3%A8n" title="2019-ngièn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="2019-ngièn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%EB%85%84" title="2019년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="2019년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF" title="२०१९ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="२०१९" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019." title="2019. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="2019." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Hulontalo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="2019-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="2019-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B3%A8%E0%B3%A6%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AF" title="೨೦೧೯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೨೦೧೯" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="2019 джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="2019 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="2019 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="2019 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="2019-ӧд во – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="2019-ӧд во" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%84.%E0%BA%AA._2019" title="ຄ.ສ. 2019 – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຄ.ສ. 2019" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019._gads" title="2019. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="2019. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_m." title="2019 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="2019 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF" title="२०१९ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="२०१९" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF" title="इ.स. २०१९ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. २०१९" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B1%DB%B9" title="۲۰۱۹ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۲۰۱۹" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_ni%C3%A8ng" title="2019 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="2019 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="2019 он – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="2019 он" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%82%E1%81%80%E1%81%81%E1%81%89" title="၂၀၁၉ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၂၀၁၉" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF" title="सन् २०१९ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सन् २०१९" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E5%B9%B4" title="2019年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="2019年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_%D1%88%D0%BE" title="2019 шо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="2019 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF" title="२०१९ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="२०१९" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="2019 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="2019 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="2019 сыл – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="2019 сыл" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%92%E1%B1%90%E1%B1%91%E1%B1%99" title="᱒᱐᱑᱙ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="᱒᱐᱑᱙" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%D8%B9" title="2019ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="2019ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A2%D9%A0%D9%A1%D9%A9" title="٢٠١٩ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="٢٠١٩" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019." title="2019. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="2019." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="2019 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="2019 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2562" title="พ.ศ. 2562 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2562" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_2019" title="Соли 2019 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 2019" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="2019 чыл – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="2019 чыл" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тыва дыл</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_%D0%B0%D1%80" title="2019 ар – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="2019 ар" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%D8%A1" title="2019ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="2019ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_-_%D9%8A%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="2019 - يىلى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="2019 - يىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_nienz" title="2019 nienz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="2019 nienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%87%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E5%B9%B4" title="二〇一九年 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="二〇一九年" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E5%B9%B4" title="2019年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="2019年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E5%B9%B4" title="2019年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="2019年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019" title="2019 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="2019" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/2019_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="2019 (disambiguation)">2019 (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1255975824">.mw-parser-output .events-by-month{margin:0.5em 0;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;background-color:var(--background-color-base,white);font-size:88%;text-align:center;color:var(--color-emphasized,#101418)}</style><div class="events-by-month" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="2019-label"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2019</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events/January_2019" title="Portal:Current events/January 2019">January</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events/February_2019" title="Portal:Current events/February 2019">February</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events/March_2019" title="Portal:Current events/March 2019">March</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events/April_2019" title="Portal:Current events/April 2019">April</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events/May_2019" title="Portal:Current events/May 2019">May</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events/June_2019" title="Portal:Current events/June 2019">June</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events/July_2019" title="Portal:Current events/July 2019">July</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events/August_2019" title="Portal:Current events/August 2019">August</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events/September_2019" title="Portal:Current events/September 2019">September</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events/October_2019" title="Portal:Current events/October 2019">October</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events/November_2019" title="Portal:Current events/November 2019">November</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events/December_2019" title="Portal:Current events/December 2019">December</a></dd></dl> </div></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2019_collage_v1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/2019_collage_v1.png/300px-2019_collage_v1.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/2019_collage_v1.png/450px-2019_collage_v1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/2019_collage_v1.png/600px-2019_collage_v1.png 2x" data-file-width="930" data-file-height="840" /></a><figcaption>Clockwise from top-left: <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">Hong Kong protests</a> turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> votes to adopt articles of <a href="/wiki/First_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="First impeachment of Donald Trump">impeachment against Donald Trump</a> due to the <a href="/wiki/Trump-Ukraine_scandal" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump-Ukraine scandal">Trump-Ukraine scandal</a> and other controversies; <a href="/wiki/Cas9" title="Cas9">CRISPR gene</a> editing first used to experimentally treat a patient with a genetic disorder; a <a href="/wiki/2019_fire_at_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 fire at Notre-Dame de Paris">fire destroys</a> the spire and roof of <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Notre-Dame de Paris">Notre-Dame de Paris</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_presidential_crisis" title="Venezuelan presidential crisis">Venezuelan presidential crisis</a> divided the nation and the world in support for <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a> or <a href="/wiki/Juan_Guaid%C3%B3" title="Juan Guaidó">Juan Guaidó</a>; protesters in <a href="/wiki/Tahrir_Square,_Baghdad" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahrir Square, Baghdad">Tahrir Square, Baghdad</a> during the <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932021_Iraqi_protests" title="2019–2021 Iraqi protests">Iraqi protests</a>, caused by strong <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_nationalism" title="Iraqi nationalism">Iraqi nationalism</a>; <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932022_Chilean_protests" title="2019–2022 Chilean protests">Chileans protest</a> after the increase in the rates of the public transport system of <a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Event_Horizon_Telescope" title="Event Horizon Telescope">Event Horizon Telescope</a> captures the first image of a <a href="/wiki/Black_hole" title="Black hole">black hole</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <table class="infobox" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Millennium</a>: </th> <td><a href="/wiki/3rd_millennium" title="3rd millennium">3rd millennium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Centuries</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_century" title="21st century">21st century</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/22nd_century" class="mw-redirect" title="22nd century">22nd century</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990s" title="1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000s" title="2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010s" title="2010s">2010s</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s" title="2020s">2020s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2030s" title="2030s">2030s</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 2016">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_2017" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 2017">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_2018" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 2018">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 2019">2019</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_2020" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 2020">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_2021" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 2021">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_2022" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 2022">2022</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output 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title="Template talk:Year nav"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Year_nav" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Year nav"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%">2019 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>2019 MMXIX</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2772</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1468 ԹՎ ՌՆԿԸ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6769</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_calendar" title="Baháʼí calendar">Baháʼí calendar</a></td><td>175–176</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1940–1941</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>1425–1426</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2969</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">British Regnal year</a></td><td>67 <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Eliz. 2</a> – 68 <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Eliz. 2</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2563</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>1381</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7527–7528</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">戊戌</a>年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Dog_(zodiac)" title="Dog (zodiac)">Dog</a>) 4716 or 4509     — to — 己亥年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Pig_(zodiac)" title="Pig (zodiac)">Pig</a>) 4717 or 4510</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1735–1736</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>3185</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>2011–2012</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5779–5780</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></td><td>2075–2076</td></tr><tr><td> - <a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></td><td>1940–1941</td></tr><tr><td> - <a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></td><td>5119–5120</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>12019</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>1019–1020</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>1397–1398</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>1440–1441</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Heisei" class="mw-redirect" title="Heisei">Heisei</a> 31 / <a href="/wiki/Reiwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Reiwa">Reiwa</a> 1 (令和元年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1952–1953</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Juche_calendar" title="Juche calendar">Juche calendar</a></td><td>108</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>Gregorian minus 13 days</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>4352</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">ROC</a> 108 民國108年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>551</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2562</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阳土狗年 (male Earth-<a href="/wiki/Dog_(zodiac)" title="Dog (zodiac)">Dog</a>) 2145 or 1764 or 992     — to — 阴土猪年 (female Earth-<a href="/wiki/Pig_(zodiac)" title="Pig (zodiac)">Pig</a>) 2146 or 1765 or 993</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Unix_time" title="Unix time">Unix time</a></td><td>1546300800 – 1577836799</td></tr></tbody></table> 2019 (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MMXIX</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Tuesday" title="Common year starting on Tuesday">common year starting on Tuesday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a>, the 2019th year of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> (CE) and <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a> (AD) designations, the 19th year of the <a href="/wiki/3rd_millennium" title="3rd millennium">3rd millennium</a> and the <a href="/wiki/21st_century" title="21st century">21st century</a>, and the 10th and last year of the <a href="/wiki/2010s" title="2010s">2010s</a> decade. <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> This was the year in which the first known human case of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> was documented, preceding <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">the pandemic</a> which was declared by the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> the following year.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">2019 by topic</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #8B8000;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/2019_in_art" title="2019 in art">Arts</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:1;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_animation" title="2019 in animation">Animation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_anime" title="2019 in anime">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_architecture" title="2019 in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_comics" title="2019 in comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_film" title="2019 in film">Film</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_horror_films_of_2019" title="List of horror films of 2019">Horror</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_literature" title="2019 in literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_poetry" title="2019 in poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_radio" title="2019 in radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_science_fiction" title="2019 in science fiction">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_television" title="2019 in television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_video_games" title="2019 in video games">Video games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_esports" title="2019 in esports">esports</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #8B8000;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/2019_in_music" title="2019 in music">Music</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:1;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_2019_albums" title="List of 2019 albums">Albums</a></li> <li>By genre <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_classical_music" title="2019 in classical music">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_country_music" title="2019 in country music">Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_hip_hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 in hip hop music">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_jazz" title="2019 in jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Latin_music" title="2019 in Latin music">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_heavy_metal_music" title="2019 in heavy metal music">Metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_rock_music" title="2019 in rock music">Rock</a></li></ul></li> <li>By place <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_African_music" title="2019 in African music">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Asian_music" title="2019 in Asian music">Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Chinese_music" title="2019 in Chinese music">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Japanese_music" title="2019 in Japanese music">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_South_Korean_music" title="2019 in South Korean music">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Philippine_music" title="2019 in Philippine music">Philippines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_Australian_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in Australian music (page does not exist)">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_Brazilian_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in Brazilian music (page does not exist)">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Canadian_music" title="2019 in Canadian music">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_European_music" title="2019 in European music">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Irish_music" title="2019 in Irish music">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Scandinavian_music" title="2019 in Scandinavian music">Scandinavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Norwegian_music" title="2019 in Norwegian music">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Swedish_music" title="2019 in Swedish music">Sweden</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_British_music" title="2019 in British music">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_American_music" title="2019 in American music">United States</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #8B8000;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/2019_in_politics" title="2019 in politics">Politics and government</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:1;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_national_electoral_calendar" title="2019 national electoral calendar">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 2019">International leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_organized_crime&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in organized crime (page does not exist)">Organized crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_religion" title="2019 in religion">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_21st-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 21st-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states in 2019">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_21st_century" title="List of state leaders in the 21st century">Sovereign state leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_21st_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 21st century">Territorial governors</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #8B8000;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/2019_in_science" title="2019 in science">Science and technology</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:1;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_archaeology" title="2019 in archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_biotechnology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in biotechnology (page does not exist)">Biotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_computing" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 in computing">Computing</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_artificial_intelligence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in artificial intelligence (page does not exist)">AI</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_paleontology" title="2019 in paleontology">Palaeontology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_quantum_computing_and_communication&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in quantum computing and communication (page does not exist)">Quantum computing and communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_senescence_research" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 in senescence research">Senescence research</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2010s_in_sustainable_energy_research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2010s in sustainable energy research (page does not exist)">Sustainable energy research</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #8B8000;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/2019_in_the_environment" title="2019 in the environment">Environment</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:1;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_birding_and_ornithology" title="2019 in birding and ornithology">Birding and ornithology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_climate_change" title="2019 in climate change">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_of_2019#Timeline" title="Weather of 2019">Weather</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tornadoes_of_2019" title="Tornadoes of 2019">Tornadoes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropical_cyclones_of_2019&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tropical cyclones of 2019 (page does not exist)">Tropical cyclones</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #8B8000;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Transportation</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:1;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_aviation" title="2019 in aviation">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_rail_transport" title="2019 in rail transport">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_spaceflight" title="2019 in spaceflight">Spaceflight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_transportation_technology#2010s" title="Timeline of transportation technology">Transportation technology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #8B8000;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/2019_in_sports" title="2019 in sports">Sports</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:1;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_American_football" title="2019 in American football">American football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_association_football" title="2019 in association football">Association football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_the_sport_of_athletics" title="2019 in the sport of athletics">Athletics (sport)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_badminton" title="2019 in badminton">Badminton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_baseball" title="2019 in baseball">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_basketball" title="2019 in basketball">Basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_chess" title="2019 in chess">Chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_combat_sports" title="2019 in combat sports">Combat sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_cricket_in_2019" title="International cricket in 2019">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_cycling" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 in cycling">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_golf" title="2019 in golf">Golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_ice_hockey" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 in ice hockey">Ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_professional_wrestling" title="2019 in professional wrestling">Pro wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_rugby_union" title="2019 in rugby union">Rugby union</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_swimming&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in swimming (page does not exist)">Swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_tennis" title="2019 in tennis">Tennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_volleyball" title="2019 in volleyball">Volleyball</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #8B8000;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">By sovereign state</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:1;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Afghanistan" title="2019 in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Albania" title="2019 in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Algeria" title="2019 in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Andorra" title="2019 in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Angola" title="2019 in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Antarctica" title="2019 in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="2019 in Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Argentina" title="2019 in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Armenia" title="2019 in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Australia" title="2019 in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Austria" title="2019 in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Azerbaijan" title="2019 in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_the_Bahamas" title="2019 in the Bahamas">The Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Bahrain" title="2019 in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Bangladesh" title="2019 in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Barbados" title="2019 in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Belarus" title="2019 in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Belgium" title="2019 in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Belize" title="2019 in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Benin" title="2019 in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Bhutan" title="2019 in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Bolivia" title="2019 in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="2019 in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Botswana" title="2019 in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Brazil" title="2019 in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Brunei" title="2019 in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Bulgaria" title="2019 in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Burkina_Faso" title="2019 in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Burundi" title="2019 in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Cambodia" title="2019 in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Cameroon" title="2019 in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Canada" title="2019 in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Cape_Verde" title="2019 in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="2019 in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Chad" title="2019 in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Chile" title="2019 in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_China" title="2019 in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Colombia" title="2019 in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Costa_Rica" title="2019 in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_the_Comoros" title="2019 in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="2019 in the Republic of the Congo">Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="2019 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">D.R. Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Croatia" title="2019 in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Cuba" title="2019 in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Cyprus" title="2019 in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="2019 in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Denmark" title="2019 in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_Djibouti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in Djibouti (page does not exist)">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_Dominica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in Dominica (page does not exist)">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="2019 in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Ecuador" title="2019 in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Egypt" title="2019 in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_El_Salvador" title="2019 in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Eritrea" title="2019 in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Estonia" title="2019 in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Ethiopia" title="2019 in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in Eswatini (page does not exist)">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_Equatorial_Guinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in Equatorial Guinea (page does not exist)">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Fiji" title="2019 in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Finland" title="2019 in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_France" title="2019 in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Gabon" title="2019 in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_the_Gambia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in the Gambia (page does not exist)">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Germany" title="2019 in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Ghana" title="2019 in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Greece" title="2019 in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_Grenada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in Grenada (page does not exist)">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Guatemala" title="2019 in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Guinea" title="2019 in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in Guinea-Bissau (page does not exist)">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Guyana" title="2019 in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Haiti" title="2019 in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Honduras" title="2019 in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Hong_Kong" title="2019 in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Hungary" title="2019 in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Iceland" title="2019 in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_India" title="2019 in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Indonesia" title="2019 in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Iran" title="2019 in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Iraq" title="2019 in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Ireland" title="2019 in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Israel" title="2019 in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Italy" title="2019 in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Ivory_Coast" title="2019 in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Jamaica" title="2019 in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Japan" title="2019 in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Jordan" title="2019 in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Kazakhstan" title="2019 in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Kenya" title="2019 in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in Kiribati (page does not exist)">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Kosovo" title="2019 in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Kuwait" title="2019 in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="2019 in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Laos" title="2019 in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Latvia" title="2019 in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Lebanon" title="2019 in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_Lesotho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in Lesotho (page does not exist)">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Liberia" title="2019 in Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in Liechtenstein (page does not exist)"> Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Libya" title="2019 in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Lithuania" title="2019 in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Luxembourg" title="2019 in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Macau" title="2019 in Macau">Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Madagascar" title="2019 in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_the_Marshall_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in the Marshall Islands (page does not exist)">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_Malawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in Malawi (page does not exist)">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Malaysia" title="2019 in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_the_Maldives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in the Maldives (page does not exist)">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Mali" title="2019 in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Malta" title="2019 in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Mauritania" title="2019 in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_Mauritius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in Mauritius (page does not exist)">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Mexico" title="2019 in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in the Federated States of Micronesia (page does not exist)">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Moldova" title="2019 in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Monaco" title="2019 in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Mongolia" title="2019 in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Montenegro" title="2019 in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Morocco" title="2019 in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Mozambique" title="2019 in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Myanmar" title="2019 in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Nauru" title="2019 in Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Namibia" title="2019 in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Nepal" title="2019 in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_the_Netherlands" title="2019 in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_New_Zealand" title="2019 in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Nicaragua" title="2019 in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_Niger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in Niger (page does not exist)">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Nigeria" title="2019 in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_North_Korea" title="2019 in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_North_Macedonia" title="2019 in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Norway" title="2019 in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Oman" title="2019 in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Pakistan" title="2019 in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Palau" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 in Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="2019 in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Panama" title="2019 in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="2019 in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Paraguay" title="2019 in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Peru" title="2019 in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_the_Philippines" title="2019 in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Poland" title="2019 in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Portugal" title="2019 in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Qatar" title="2019 in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Romania" title="2019 in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Russia" title="2019 in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Rwanda" title="2019 in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in Saint Kitts and Nevis (page does not exist)">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_Saint_Lucia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in Saint Lucia (page does not exist)">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (page does not exist)">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 in Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in São Tomé and Príncipe (page does not exist)">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="2019 in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Senegal" title="2019 in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Serbia" title="2019 in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_Seychelles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in Seychelles (page does not exist)">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_Sierra_Leone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in Sierra Leone (page does not exist)">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Singapore" title="2019 in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Slovakia" title="2019 in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Slovenia" title="2019 in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Somalia" title="2019 in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Somaliland" title="2019 in Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_South_Africa" title="2019 in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_the_Solomon_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in the Solomon Islands (page does not exist)">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_South_Korea" title="2019 in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_South_Sudan" title="2019 in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Spain" title="2019 in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Sri_Lanka" title="2019 in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Sudan" title="2019 in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Suriname" title="2019 in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Sweden" title="2019 in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Switzerland" title="2019 in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Syria" title="2019 in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Taiwan" title="2019 in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Tajikistan" title="2019 in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Tanzania" title="2019 in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Thailand" title="2019 in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_Timor-Leste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in Timor-Leste (page does not exist)">Timor-Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Togo" title="2019 in Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Tonga" title="2019 in Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="2019 in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Tunisia" title="2019 in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Turkey" title="2019 in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Turkmenistan" title="2019 in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Tuvalu" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Uganda" title="2019 in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Ukraine" title="2019 in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="2019 in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2019 in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_the_United_States" title="2019 in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Uruguay" title="2019 in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Uzbekistan" title="2019 in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Vanuatu" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Vatican_City" title="2019 in Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Venezuela" title="2019 in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Vietnam" title="2019 in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Yemen" title="2019 in Yemen">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Zambia" title="2019 in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Zimbabwe" title="2019 in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>By international organization</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_the_European_Union" title="2019 in the European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_the_United_Nations" title="2019 in the United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #8B8000;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Categories</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:1;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2019_births" title="Category:2019 births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:2019_deaths" title="Category:2019 deaths">Deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:2019_establishments" title="Category:2019 establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:2019_disestablishments" title="Category:2019 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:2019_works" title="Category:2019 works">Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:2019_introductions" title="Category:2019 introductions">Introductions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_public_domain" title="2019 in public domain">Works entering the public domain</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C21_year_in_topic" title="Template:C21 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C21_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C21 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C21_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C21 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Up to that point, 2019 had been described as the "best year in human history" by some newspapers and media outlets in the United States, including <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> and <a href="/wiki/WNYC" title="WNYC">WNYC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1119456059">.mw-parser-output .tocnumber{display:none}.mw-parser-output #toc ul,.mw-parser-output .toc ul{line-height:1.5em;list-style:none;margin:.3em 0 0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist #toc ul ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist .toc ul ul{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1097603156">.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-align-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-align-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-align-center{clear:none}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-align-center .toc{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-clear-right{clear:right}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-clear-left{clear:left}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-clear-both{clear:both}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-clear-none{clear:none}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist horizontal-toc"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January">January</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a> makes a close approach to the <a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt object</a> (KBO) <a href="/wiki/486958_Arrokoth" title="486958 Arrokoth">486958 Arrokoth</a> at 05:33 <a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Jair Bolsonaro</a> begins his four-year term as <a href="/wiki/President_of_Brazil" title="President of Brazil">President of Brazil</a>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> withdraws from <a href="/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC">OPEC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></li> <li>Works published by authors who died in <a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a> enter the public domain in <a href="/wiki/International_copyright_treaties" title="International copyright treaties">many countries</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Copyright_law_of_the_United_States" title="Copyright law of the United States">U.S.</a>, all works published in <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a> enter the public domain, the first entry of published works into the public domain since <a href="/wiki/Copyright_Term_Extension_Act" title="Copyright Term Extension Act">1998</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2" title="January 2">January 2</a> – Adventist Health Systems and its <a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">subsidiaries</a> rebranded to <a href="/wiki/AdventHealth#History" title="AdventHealth">AdventHealth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_3" title="January 3">January 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chinese_space_program" title="Chinese space program">Chinese probe</a> <a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" title="Chang'e 4">Chang'e 4</a> becomes the first artificial object to land on the <a href="/wiki/Far_side_of_the_Moon" title="Far side of the Moon">far side of the Moon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_5" title="January 5">January 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_I_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartholomew I of Constantinople">Bartholomew I of Constantinople</a> issues a <a href="/wiki/Tomos_(Eastern_Orthodox_Church)" title="Tomos (Eastern Orthodox Church)">formal decree</a> granting <a href="/wiki/Autocephaly_of_the_Orthodox_Church_of_Ukraine" title="Autocephaly of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine">independence</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_Ukraine" title="Orthodox Church of Ukraine">Orthodox Church of Ukraine</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_V_of_Kelantan" title="Muhammad V of Kelantan">Muhammad V of Kelantan</a> abdicates the federal throne as the 15th <a href="/wiki/King_of_Malaysia" title="King of Malaysia">monarch of Malaysia</a>, the first Malaysian monarch to do so.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_7" title="January 7">January 7</a> – A faction of the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Gabon" title="Armed Forces of Gabon">Armed Forces of Gabon</a> attempts a <a href="/wiki/2019_Gabonese_coup_attempt" title="2019 Gabonese coup attempt">coup d'état</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">January 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> enters a <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_presidential_crisis" title="Venezuelan presidential crisis">presidential crisis</a> as <a href="/wiki/Juan_Guaid%C3%B3" title="Juan Guaidó">Juan Guaidó</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Venezuela)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly (Venezuela)">National Assembly</a> declare incumbent <a href="/wiki/President_of_Venezuela" title="President of Venezuela">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a> "illegitimate".<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_14" title="January 14">January 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pawe%C5%82_Adamowicz" title="Paweł Adamowicz">Paweł Adamowicz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Gda%C5%84sk" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Gdańsk">mayor of Gdańsk</a>, died after <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Pawe%C5%82_Adamowicz" title="Assassination of Paweł Adamowicz">his was stabbed</a> shortly after his speech on 27. finale of <a href="/wiki/Great_Orchestra_of_Christmas_Charity" title="Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity">WOŚP</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_presidential_crisis" title="Venezuelan presidential crisis">Venezuelan presidential crisis</a>: Thousands of people protest in favor of disputed interim President <a href="/wiki/Juan_Guaid%C3%B3" title="Juan Guaidó">Juan Guaidó</a>. Several people are killed, and <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">President Maduro</a> severs <a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations#2019_Venezuelan_presidential_crisis_and_rapprochement" title="United States–Venezuela relations">U.S. diplomatic ties</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_25" title="January 25">January 25</a> – A mine tailings dam <a href="/wiki/Brumadinho_dam_disaster" title="Brumadinho dam disaster">breaks</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brumadinho" title="Brumadinho">Brumadinho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minas_Gerais" title="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>. At least 248 people are killed, with 22 missing.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_28" title="January 28">January 28</a> – The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">U.S. Justice Department</a> charges <a href="/wiki/Chinese_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese technology">Chinese tech firm</a> <a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a> with multiple counts of fraud, raising <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="China–United States relations">U.S.–China tensions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="February">February</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: February">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_1" title="February 1">February 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/U.S._President" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. President">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> confirms that the U.S. will leave the <a href="/wiki/Intermediate-Range_Nuclear_Forces_Treaty" title="Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty">Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty</a> of 1987, citing Russian non-compliance.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> The next day, Russia follows suit with suspension of its obligations to the treaty.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">February 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> arrives in <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>, becoming the first <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a> to visit the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Salvadoran_presidential_election" title="2019 Salvadoran presidential election">2019 Salvadoran presidential election</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nayib_Bukele" title="Nayib Bukele">Nayib Bukele</a> is elected <a href="/wiki/President_of_El_Salvador" title="President of El Salvador">president</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">February 6</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a> declares that <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> is no longer a free country, making it the <a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">first country in the EU</a> to be labelled "partly free".<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> It also states that <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> is no longer free as well.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">February 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/2019_Haitian_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Haitian protests">2019 Haitian protests</a>: Anti-government protests demanding the resignation of <a href="/wiki/President_of_Haiti" title="President of Haiti">Haitian President</a> <a href="/wiki/Jovenel_Mo%C3%AFse" title="Jovenel Moïse">Jovenel Moïse</a> begin in several cities across the country.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – The <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">Republic of Macedonia</a> <a href="/wiki/Prespa_Agreement" title="Prespa Agreement">renames</a> itself the Republic of North Macedonia, officially ending a decades-old <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_naming_dispute" title="Macedonia naming dispute">dispute</a> with <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> and paving the way for the former's integration into <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> and the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_21" title="February 21">February 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/SpaceIL" title="SpaceIL">SpaceIL</a> launches the <a href="/wiki/Beresheet" title="Beresheet">Beresheet</a> probe, the world's first privately financed mission to the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">February 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_presidential_crisis" title="Venezuelan presidential crisis">Venezuelan presidential crisis</a>: <a href="/wiki/President_of_Venezuela" title="President of Venezuela">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Maduro</a> severs diplomatic ties with <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> amid attempts to send humanitarian aid to the country across <a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93Venezuela_border" title="Colombia–Venezuela border">the border</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Nigerian_general_election" title="2019 Nigerian general election">2019 Nigerian general election</a>: <a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Nigeria" title="President of Nigeria">president</a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammadu_Buhari" title="Muhammadu Buhari">Muhammadu Buhari</a> is reelected and the <a href="/wiki/All_Progressives_Congress" title="All Progressives Congress">All Progressives Congress</a> party wins 63 out of 109 seats in the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Nigeria" title="Senate of Nigeria">Senate of Nigeria</a> and 202 out of 360 seats in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Nigeria)" title="House of Representatives (Nigeria)">House of Representatives</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_24" title="February 24">February 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Cuban_constitutional_referendum" title="2019 Cuban constitutional referendum">2019 Cuban constitutional referendum</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Cuba#2019_Constitution" title="Constitution of Cuba">new constitution</a> was approved by 90.61% of valid votes.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/2019_Moldovan_parliamentary_election" title="2019 Moldovan parliamentary election">2019 Moldovan parliamentary election</a> is held to elect all 101 members of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Moldova" title="Parliament of Moldova">Parliament of Moldova</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Senegalese_presidential_election" title="2019 Senegalese presidential election">2019 Senegalese presidential election</a>: <a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Senegal" title="President of Senegal">president</a> <a href="/wiki/Macky_Sall" title="Macky Sall">Macky Sall</a> is reelected.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26" title="February 26">February 26</a>–<a href="/wiki/February_27" title="February 27">27</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a> launches <a href="/wiki/2019_Balakot_airstrike" title="2019 Balakot airstrike">airstrikes</a> on purported <a href="/wiki/Terrorist_training_camp" title="Terrorist training camp">militant camps</a> in <a href="/wiki/Balakot" title="Balakot">Balakot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>. It precedes a series of events that lead to the <a href="/wiki/2019_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2019 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2019 India–Pakistan standoff</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_27" title="February 27">February 27</a>–<a href="/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">28</a> – The <a href="/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Hanoi_Summit" title="2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit">2019 North Korea–United States summit</a> is held in <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>. It is the second summit between <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> and <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Leader_(North_Korean_title)" title="Supreme Leader (North Korean title)">North Korean leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un" title="Kim Jong Un">Kim Jong Un</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March">March</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: March">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a> <ul><li>An uncrewed demonstration flight of the new crew capable version of the <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Dragon" title="SpaceX Dragon">SpaceX Dragon</a> spacecraft, intended to carry American astronauts into space, achieves successful autonomous docking with the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/2019_Estonian_parliamentary_election" title="2019 Estonian parliamentary election">2019 Estonian parliamentary election</a> is held to elect all 101 members of the <a href="/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu">Riigikogu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_5" title="March 5">March 5</a> – A second case of sustained <a href="/wiki/Remission_(medicine)" title="Remission (medicine)">remission</a> from <a href="/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a> is reported, ten years after the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Patient" title="Berlin Patient">Berlin Patient</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">March 6</a> – Venezuelan presidential crisis: Venezuela <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Venezuela" title="Foreign relations of Venezuela">expels German ambassador</a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Germany" title="Foreign relations of Germany">Daniel Kriener</a> for his alleged meddling in internal affairs.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_302" title="Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302">Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737_MAX#737_MAX_8" title="Boeing 737 MAX">Boeing 737 MAX 8</a> bound for <a href="/wiki/Jomo_Kenyatta_International_Airport" title="Jomo Kenyatta International Airport">Nairobi</a>, crashes shortly after takeoff from <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa_Bole_International_Airport" title="Addis Ababa Bole International Airport">Addis Ababa</a>, killing all 157 people on board.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> All Boeing 737 MAX aircraft are <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737_MAX_groundings" title="Boeing 737 MAX groundings">subsequently grounded</a> worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_15" title="March 15">March 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Idai" title="Cyclone Idai">Cyclone Idai</a> makes landfall on <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a>, causing at least 1,073 fatalities, as well as mass flooding and power outages in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">southern Africa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></li> <li>51 people are killed and 50 others injured in <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shootings" title="Christchurch mosque shootings">terrorist attacks</a> on two mosques in <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>. It is the deadliest mass shooting and terrorist attack in <a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Zealand" title="History of New Zealand">New Zealand's history</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">March 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nursultan_Nazarbayev" title="Nursultan Nazarbayev">Nursultan Nazarbayev</a> resigns as <a href="/wiki/President_of_Kazakhstan" title="President of Kazakhstan">President of Kazakhstan</a> after 29 years in office and appoints <a href="/wiki/Kassym-Jomart_Tokayev" title="Kassym-Jomart Tokayev">Kassym-Jomart Tokayev</a> as <a href="/wiki/Acting_president" title="Acting president">acting president</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Astana is renamed <a href="/wiki/Nur-Sultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur-Sultan">Nur-Sultan</a> the following day in his honor.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/European_Union_competition_law" title="European Union competition law">Europe's antitrust regulators</a> fine <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> €1.49 billion (US$1.7 billion) for freezing out rivals in the <a href="/wiki/Online_advertising" title="Online advertising">online advertising</a> business, bringing the total cost of EU fines against Google at nearly €8.76 billion.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> – The final territory of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/Al-Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Al-Baghuz Fawqani">Al-Baghuz Fawqani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, is <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Battle of Baghuz Fawqani">liberated</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_24" title="March 24">March 24</a> – The first phase of <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Jakarta_MRT" title="Jakarta MRT">MRT</a> system opened with its first line.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_26" title="March 26">March 26</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> votes by 348 to 278 in favour of the <a href="/wiki/Directive_on_Copyright_in_the_Digital_Single_Market" title="Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market">EU Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market</a>, which expands legal liability for websites and includes the controversial Article 13.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></li> <li>Maldives President <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Mohamed_Solih" title="Ibrahim Mohamed Solih">Ibrahim Mohamed Solih</a> appoints <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Hameed_CP" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohamed Hameed CP">Mohamed Hameed CP</a> as police service commissioner.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_31" title="March 31">March 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> <a href="/wiki/Scrambling_(military)" title="Scrambling (military)">scrambles</a> its fighter aircraft after two <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> jets crossed the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Strait" title="Taiwan Strait">maritime border</a> between <a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-Strait relations">the two nations</a>. Just the day before, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> had similarly scrambled its jets after Chinese jets flew between <a href="/wiki/Miyako-jima" class="mw-redirect" title="Miyako-jima">Miyako</a> and <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Island" title="Okinawa Island">Okinawa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April">April</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: April">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_2" title="April 2">April 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abdelaziz_Bouteflika" title="Abdelaziz Bouteflika">Abdelaziz Bouteflika</a> resigns as <a href="/wiki/President_of_Algeria" title="President of Algeria">President of Algeria</a> amid <a href="/wiki/Hirak_(Algeria)" title="Hirak (Algeria)">widespread protests</a>, after nearly two decades in office.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_4" title="April 4">April 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)" title="Libyan civil war (2014–2020)">Second Libyan Civil War</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Libyan_National_Army" title="Libyan National Army">Libyan National Army</a> (LNA) launches a <a href="/wiki/Western_Libya_campaign" title="Western Libya campaign">surprise offensive</a> in western <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, moving units towards the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Accord" title="Government of National Accord">Government of National Accord</a>-held capital <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a> and capturing <a href="/wiki/Gharyan" title="Gharyan">Gharyan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">April 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/2019_Maldivian_parliamentary_election" title="2019 Maldivian parliamentary election">2019 Maldivian parliamentary election</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Maldivian_Democratic_Party" title="Maldivian Democratic Party">Maldivian Democratic Party</a> wins 65 out of the 85 seats in the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Majlis" title="People's Majlis">People's Majlis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> <ul><li>Scientists from the <a href="/wiki/Event_Horizon_Telescope" title="Event Horizon Telescope">Event Horizon Telescope</a> project announce the first ever image of a <a href="/wiki/Black_hole" title="Black hole">black hole</a>, located in the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Messier_87" title="Messier 87">M87 galaxy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></li> <li>Fossil fragments found in the <a href="/wiki/Callao_Cave" title="Callao Cave">Callao Cave</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> reveal the existence of a new species of human, the <a href="/wiki/Homo_luzonensis" title="Homo luzonensis">Homo luzonensis</a>. The species is named after <a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a>, where the fossils were discovered.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">April 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a> co-founder <a href="/wiki/Julian_Assange" title="Julian Assange">Julian Assange</a> is <a href="/wiki/Indictment_and_arrest_of_Julian_Assange" title="Indictment and arrest of Julian Assange">arrested</a> after seven years in <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Ecuador,_London" title="Embassy of Ecuador, London">Ecuador's embassy</a> in London.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></li> <li>Amid <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_revolution" title="Sudanese revolution">mass protests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir" title="Omar al-Bashir">Omar al-Bashir</a> is deposed as <a href="/wiki/President_of_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Sudan">President of Sudan</a> in <a href="/wiki/2019_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2019 Sudanese coup d'état">a coup d'état</a>, after nearly 30 years in office.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">April 15</a> – During <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a>, a major <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_fire" title="Notre-Dame fire">fire</a> engulfs <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Notre-Dame de Paris">Notre-Dame Cathedral</a> in Paris, resulting in the roof and main spire collapsing.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_16" title="April 16">April 16</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Howse_Peak" title="Howse Peak">Howse Peak</a> avalanche kills three noted mountaineers: Austrians <a href="/wiki/Hansj%C3%B6rg_Auer" title="Hansjörg Auer">Hansjörg Auer</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Lama" title="David Lama">David Lama</a>, and Canadian <a href="/wiki/Jess_Roskelley" title="Jess Roskelley">Jess Roskelley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto-66">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">April 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/NepaliSat-1" title="NepaliSat-1">NepaliSat-1</a> is launched. It is <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>'s first ever research satellite to be sent into space.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Sri_Lanka_Easter_bombings" title="2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings">A series of Islamist bomb attacks</a> occur at eight locations in <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, including three churches, four hotels and one housing complex in <a href="/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo">Colombo</a>, on <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter Sunday</a>, leaving 259 people dead and over 500 injured. It is the deadliest terrorist attack in the country since the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Sri Lankan civil war">Sri Lankan Civil War</a> ended in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Ukrainian_presidential_election" title="2019 Ukrainian presidential election">2019 Ukrainian presidential election</a>: <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a> is elected the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ukraine" title="President of Ukraine">President of Ukraine</a> in a landslide victory in the second round of voting.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> He took office on May 20, 2019.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Leader_(North_Korean_title)" title="Supreme Leader (North Korean title)">North Korean leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un" title="Kim Jong Un">Kim Jong Un</a> visits Russia to hold a <a href="/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93Russia_summit" title="2019 North Korea–Russia summit">series of summits</a> with Russian leaders, including President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_28" title="April 28">April 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Victor_Vescovo" title="Victor Vescovo">Victor Vescovo</a> achieves the deepest dive of any human in history, as he reaches <a href="/wiki/Challenger_Deep" title="Challenger Deep">Challenger Deep</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Trench" title="Mariana Trench">Mariana Trench</a>, at a depth of 10,928 m (35,853 ft).<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_29" title="April 29">April 29</a> – Elusive <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a> appears in undated footage released by the group, his first appearance on video since 2014.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_30" title="April 30">April 30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Akihito" title="Akihito">Akihito</a> of Japan <a href="/wiki/2019_Japanese_imperial_transition" title="2019 Japanese imperial transition">abdicates</a> from his <a href="/wiki/Chrysanthemum_Throne" title="Chrysanthemum Throne">throne</a>, the first abdication by a <a href="/wiki/Japanese_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese monarchy">Japanese monarch</a> in almost two centuries. The abdication ends the <a href="/wiki/Heisei_era" title="Heisei era">Heisei era</a> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_era_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese era names">of Japan</a> and ushers in the <a href="/wiki/Reiwa_era" title="Reiwa era">Reiwa era</a> with new emperor <a href="/wiki/Naruhito" title="Naruhito">Naruhito</a> ascending the throne on May 1.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_presidential_crisis" title="Venezuelan presidential crisis">Venezuelan presidential crisis</a>: Venezuelan opposition leader and disputed interim President <a href="/wiki/Juan_Guaid%C3%B3" title="Juan Guaidó">Juan Guaidó</a> leads <a href="/wiki/2019_Venezuelan_uprising_attempt" title="2019 Venezuelan uprising attempt">an attempted uprising</a> against President <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May">May</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: May">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/Vajiralongkorn" title="Vajiralongkorn">Vajiralongkorn</a> of Thailand marries his personal bodyguard <a href="/wiki/Suthida" title="Suthida">Suthida Tidjai</a> – a <a href="/wiki/Commoner" title="Commoner">commoner</a> – in a surprise ceremony, making her <a href="/wiki/List_of_Thai_royal_consorts" title="List of Thai royal consorts">queen consort</a> of Thailand.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">Russian President</a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> signs into law a controversial "<a href="/wiki/Network_sovereignty" title="Network sovereignty">sovereign internet</a>" bill that allows <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Russia" title="Government of Russia">Russian authorities</a> to better monitor internet routing and to steer <a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Russia" title="Internet in Russia">Russian internet traffic</a> away from foreign servers.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_3" title="May 3">May 3</a> – The number of deaths from the <a href="/wiki/Kivu_Ebola_epidemic" title="Kivu Ebola epidemic">Kivu Ebola epidemic</a> exceeds 1,000. It is the second deadliest <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ebola_outbreaks" title="List of Ebola outbreaks">Ebola outbreak</a> in history, only surpassed by the <a href="/wiki/Western_African_Ebola_virus_epidemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Western African Ebola virus epidemic">Western African Ebola virus epidemic</a> of 2013–2016.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_3" title="May 3">May 3</a>–<a href="/wiki/May_6" title="May 6">6</a> – <a href="/wiki/May_2019_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="May 2019 Gaza–Israel clashes">May 2019 Gaza–Israel clashes</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel conflict</a> escalates after the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israeli military</a> launches airstrikes into <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza</a> killing more than 20 Palestinians including a pregnant woman and a toddler following the injury of two soldiers from Gazan sniper fire.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aeroflot_Flight_1492" title="Aeroflot Flight 1492">Aeroflot Flight 1492</a> crash-lands and bursts into flames at <a href="/wiki/Sheremetyevo_International_Airport" title="Sheremetyevo International Airport">Sheremetyevo International Airport</a>, Moscow, killing 41 of the 78 people on board.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_6" title="May 6">May 6</a> <ul><li>In its first report since 2005, the <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Science-Policy_Platform_on_Biodiversity_and_Ecosystem_Services" title="Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services">Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services</a> (IPBES) warns that <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_loss" title="Biodiversity loss">biodiversity loss</a> is "accelerating", with over a million species now threatened with extinction; the decline of the natural living world is "unprecedented" and largely a result of human actions, according to the report.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Army" title="Syrian Army">Syrian Army</a> launches a <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(April%E2%80%93August_2019)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (April–August 2019)">major ground offensive</a> against one of the last <a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition_to_Bashar_al-Assad" title="Syrian opposition to Bashar al-Assad">rebel</a> strongholds in the country.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_8" title="May 8">May 8</a> – A British teenager, Isabelle Holdaway, 17, is reported to be the first patient ever to receive a genetically modified <a href="/wiki/Phage_therapy" title="Phage therapy">phage therapy</a> to treat a <a href="/wiki/Antimicrobial_resistance" title="Antimicrobial resistance">drug-resistant infection</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_10" title="May 10">May 10</a> – Amid ongoing negotiations, the U.S.'s 25% tariff hike on US$200 billion worth of <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_trading_partners_of_the_United_States" title="List of the largest trading partners of the United States">Chinese imports</a> takes effect, escalating tensions between the two nations in the ongoing <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">China–United States trade war</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_12" title="May 12">May 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/May_2019_Gulf_of_Oman_incident" title="May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident">May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident</a>: Four commercial ships, including two <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Aramco" title="Saudi Aramco">Saudi Aramco</a> oil tankers, are damaged near <a href="/wiki/Fujairah" title="Fujairah">Fujairah</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Oman" title="Gulf of Oman">Gulf of Oman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">UAE</a> claims it as a "sabotage attack", while an early U.S. assessment blames <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. The incident occurs after increased U.S.-Iran tensions provoked by the deployment of U.S. military to the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> in response to an <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Iran–United States relations">alleged plot by Iran</a> to attack <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">U.S. forces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">May 13</a> – Prosecutors in <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> reopen the <a href="/wiki/Assange_v_Swedish_Prosecution_Authority" title="Assange v Swedish Prosecution Authority">rape allegation investigation</a> against <a href="/wiki/Julian_Assange" title="Julian Assange">Julian Assange</a>. Swedish prosecutors mention their intent to seek extradition of Assange from the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">U.K.</a> after he has served his 50-week prison sentence for skipping bail.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">May 14</a>–<a href="/wiki/May_18" title="May 18">18</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2019" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2019">Eurovision Song Contest 2019</a> takes place in <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, and is won by <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest">Dutch</a> entrant <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Laurence" title="Duncan Laurence">Duncan Laurence</a> with the song "<a href="/wiki/Arcade_(song)" title="Arcade (song)">Arcade</a>".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_17" title="May 17">May 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Yuan" title="Legislative Yuan">Taiwan's parliament</a> becomes the first in <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> to legalise <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Taiwan" title="Same-sex marriage in Taiwan">same-sex marriage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_18" title="May 18">May 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/2019_Australian_federal_election" title="2019 Australian federal election">2019 Australian federal election</a>: <a href="/wiki/Scott_Morrison" title="Scott Morrison">Scott Morrison</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australia" title="Liberal Party of Australia">Liberal</a>/<a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Australia" title="National Party of Australia">National</a> <a href="/wiki/Coalition_(Australia)" title="Coalition (Australia)">Coalition</a> <a href="/wiki/Morrison_government" title="Morrison government">government</a> is narrowly re-elected,<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> defeating the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labor Party</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Shorten" title="Bill Shorten">Bill Shorten</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_19" title="May 19">May 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">China–United States trade war</a>: <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> pulls <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> update support for <a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a> phones, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Google_Play" title="Google Play">Google Play Store</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gmail" title="Gmail">Gmail</a> apps, after the company's blacklisting by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">U.S. government</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> – The <a href="/wiki/2019_revision_of_the_SI" title="2019 revision of the SI">revision</a> of the <a href="/wiki/International_System_of_Units" title="International System of Units">SI system</a> of measurement adopted by the majority of countries in the world takes effect.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_23" title="May 23">May 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election" title="2019 Indian general election">2019 Indian general election</a>: <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> secures a landslide victory, with his party <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a> alone gaining 303 of the 543 seats in <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">parliament</a>, and his political alliance winning 353 seats of the 543.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_24" title="May 24">May 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">British Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a> announces her resignation as <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> leader, effective June 7, 2019.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acarigua_prison_riot" title="Acarigua prison riot">A prison riot</a> in <a href="/wiki/Acarigua" title="Acarigua">Acarigua</a>, Venezuela, leaves 29 prisoners dead and 19 guards injured.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a>–<a href="/wiki/May_27" title="May 27">27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Amazonas_prison_massacres" title="Amazonas prison massacres">Amazonas prison massacres</a>: More than 50 prisoners are killed in a series of riots at four different prisons in <a href="/wiki/Amazonas_(Brazilian_state)" title="Amazonas (Brazilian state)">Amazonas</a>, Brazil.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_27" title="May 27">May 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/U.S._President" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. President">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, during an official <a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of international presidential trips made by Donald Trump">state visit to Japan</a>, becomes the first foreign leader to meet with <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Japanese emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Naruhito" title="Naruhito">Naruhito</a>.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_30" title="May 30">May 30</a>–<a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a> – The <a href="/wiki/2019_Cricket_World_Cup" title="2019 Cricket World Cup">2019 Cricket World Cup</a> is held in England (one match in Wales) with England defeating New Zealand in the final.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June">June</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: June">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">June 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_F.C." title="Liverpool F.C.">Liverpool F.C</a> win their 6th <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League" title="UEFA Champions League">UEFA Champions League</a> title against fellow English club <a href="/wiki/Tottenham_Hotspur_F.C." title="Tottenham Hotspur F.C.">Tottenham Hotspur F.C.</a> 2–0 at the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitano_Stadium" title="Metropolitano Stadium">Metropolitano Stadium</a>, with goals from <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Salah" title="Mohamed Salah">Mohamed Salah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Divock_Origi" title="Divock Origi">Divock Origi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2" title="June 2">June 2</a> <ul><li>Nearly five years after <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I#Abdication" title="Juan Carlos I">abdication</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_monarchs" title="List of Spanish monarchs">King</a> <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I" title="Juan Carlos I">Juan Carlos I</a> retires from public life.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_San_Marino_referendum" title="2019 San Marino referendum">2019 San Marino referendum</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sammarinese" title="Sammarinese">Sammarinese</a> voters vote to end discrimination based on sexual orientation and initiate a popular legislative initiative for the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_San_Marino" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of San Marino">reform of the electoral system</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Khartoum_massacre" title="Khartoum massacre">Khartoum massacre</a>: More than 100 people are killed when <a href="/wiki/Rapid_Support_Forces" title="Rapid Support Forces">Sudanese troops</a> and <a href="/wiki/Janjaweed" title="Janjaweed">Janjaweed</a> militiamen storm and open fire on a <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_revolution" title="Sudanese revolution">protest camp</a> outside of a military headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a>, Sudan.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a>–<a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">5</a> – <a href="/wiki/U.S._President" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. President">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> makes a <a href="/wiki/State_visit" title="State visit">state visit</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">U.K.</a>, meeting with <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a> and outgoing <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a>. It is the first official state visit to the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="United Kingdom–United States relations">U.K. by a sitting U.S. president</a> since 2011. Trump also attends <a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">D-Day</a> commemorative ceremonies.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">June 5</a>–<a href="/wiki/June_8" title="June 8">8</a> – <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the People's Republic of China">Chinese President</a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> makes a <a href="/wiki/State_visit" title="State visit">state visit</a> to Russia, where he also attends the <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg_International_Economic_Forum" title="St. Petersburg International Economic Forum">St. Petersburg International Economic Forum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_6" title="June 6">June 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_revolution" title="Sudanese revolution">Sudanese revolution</a>: The <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a> suspends Sudan's membership "with immediate effect" after the <a href="/wiki/Khartoum_massacre" title="Khartoum massacre">Khartoum massacre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_7" title="June 7">June 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">British Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a> resigns as leader of the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_7" title="June 7">June 7</a>–<a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">July 7</a> – The <a href="/wiki/2019_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup" title="2019 FIFA Women's World Cup">2019 FIFA Women's World Cup</a> is held in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and is won by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_women%27s_national_soccer_team" title="United States women's national soccer team">United States</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_9" title="June 9">June 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">2019–2020 Hong Kong protests</a>: Over 1 million people in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> protest against <a href="/wiki/2019_Hong_Kong_extradition_bill" title="2019 Hong Kong extradition bill">proposed legislation</a> regarding <a href="/wiki/Extradition" title="Extradition">extradition</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a>. It is the largest protest in Hong Kong since the <a href="/wiki/Handover_of_Hong_Kong" title="Handover of Hong Kong">1997 handover</a>.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a></li> <li>A large <a href="/wiki/Explosive_eruption" title="Explosive eruption">explosive eruption</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinabung" title="Mount Sinabung">Mount Sinabung</a> in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> sends a 7,000-meter <a href="/wiki/Eruption_column" title="Eruption column">ash column</a> into the air, generating a <a href="/wiki/Pyroclastic_flow" title="Pyroclastic flow">pyroclastic flow</a> 3–3.5 kilometers long towards the south and southeast of the mountain.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_11" title="June 11">June 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Botswana" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Botswana">decriminalizes homosexuality</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_12" title="June 12">June 12</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Ecuador" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Court of Ecuador">Supreme Court of Ecuador</a> rules in favor of <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Ecuador" title="Same-sex marriage in Ecuador">same-sex marriage</a>, making it legal throughout the country.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_June_2019_Hong_Kong_protest" title="12 June 2019 Hong Kong protest">12 June 2019 Hong Kong protest</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Hong_Kong" title="Government of Hong Kong">Hong Kong government</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Police_Force" title="Hong Kong Police Force">police</a> controversially declare that the protest has "turned into a <a href="/wiki/Riot" title="Riot">riot</a>".<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/June_2019_Gulf_of_Oman_incident" title="June 2019 Gulf of Oman incident">June 2019 Gulf of Oman incident</a>: Two oil tankers are attacked near the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Hormuz" title="Strait of Hormuz">Strait of Hormuz</a> while transiting the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Oman" title="Gulf of Oman">Gulf of Oman</a> amid heightened tension between <a href="/wiki/Iran-U.S._relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Iran-U.S. relations">Iran and the U.S.</a>, with the latter blaming the former for the incident.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">June 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">2019–2020 Hong Kong protests</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> announces it will indefinitely suspend the controversial <a href="/wiki/2019_Hong_Kong_extradition_bill" title="2019 Hong Kong extradition bill">extradition bill</a>, but protests continue, this time calling for the total withdrawal of the bill and the resignation of <a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_of_Hong_Kong" title="Chief Executive of Hong Kong">Chief Executive</a> <a href="/wiki/Carrie_Lam" title="Carrie Lam">Carrie Lam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_16" title="June 16">June 16</a> – A large-scale <a href="/wiki/2019_Argentina,_Paraguay_and_Uruguay_blackout" title="2019 Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay blackout">power outage</a> hits <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Uruguay" title="Energy in Uruguay">Uruguay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Paraguay" title="Energy in Paraguay">parts of Paraguay</a>, affecting nearly 50 million people.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/2019_Konduga_bombings" title="2019 Konduga bombings">A triple suicide blast</a> kills 30 and injures over 40 in <a href="/wiki/Borno_State" title="Borno State">Borno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, at a hall where people were watching a football match.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> – The <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S.</a> sends an additional 1,000 troops to the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> as tensions build with <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_19" title="June 19">June 19</a> – Four men are charged with murdering the 298 passengers and crew of <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 17">Malaysia Airlines Flight 17</a>, an airliner shot down while flying over <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ukraine" title="Eastern Ukraine">Eastern Ukraine</a> in July 2014.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_20" title="June 20">June 20</a>–<a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">21</a> – <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the People's Republic of China">Chinese President</a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> makes a <a href="/wiki/Kim%E2%80%93Xi_meetings#Fifth_meeting" title="Kim–Xi meetings">state visit</a> to <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>. It is his first visit to the country as president and the <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93North_Korea_relations" title="China–North Korea relations">first visit to North Korea by a Chinese leader</a> since <a href="/wiki/Hu_Jintao" title="Hu Jintao">Hu Jintao</a>'s visit 14 years prior.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_20" title="June 20">June 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/2019_Iranian_shoot-down_of_American_drone" title="2019 Iranian shoot-down of American drone">2019 Iranian shoot-down of American drone</a>: <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> shoots down a U.S. <a href="/wiki/RQ-4_Global_Hawk" class="mw-redirect" title="RQ-4 Global Hawk">RQ-4 Global Hawk</a> surveillance drone over the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Hormuz" title="Strait of Hormuz">Strait of Hormuz</a> after claiming it violated their airspace. The U.S. claims it has been shot down in international airspace in an "unprovoked attack".<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">June 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Amhara_Region_coup_attempt" title="Amhara Region coup attempt">Amhara Region coup attempt</a>: In the <a href="/wiki/Amhara_Region" title="Amhara Region">Amhara Region</a> of Ethiopia, regional president <a href="/wiki/Ambachew_Mekonnen" title="Ambachew Mekonnen">Ambachew Mekonnen</a> and national-military chief of staff <a href="/wiki/Se%27are_Mekonnen" title="Se'are Mekonnen">Se'are Mekonnen</a> are assassinated.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">June 30</a> – During a <a href="/wiki/2019_Koreas%E2%80%93United_States_DMZ_Summit" title="2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit">trilateral gathering</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Security_Area" title="Joint Security Area">Panmunjom Truce Village</a> between <a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Korea" title="President of South Korea">South Korean President</a> <a href="/wiki/Moon_Jae-in" title="Moon Jae-in">Moon Jae-in</a>, <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Leader_(North_Korean_title)" title="Supreme Leader (North Korean title)">North Korean Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un" title="Kim Jong Un">Kim Jong Un</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._President" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. President">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, Trump becomes the first sitting U.S. president to cross the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Demilitarized_Zone" title="Korean Demilitarized Zone">Korean Demilitarized Zone</a> and enter North Korea. Trump and Kim also agree to restart stalled <a href="/wiki/North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="North Korea and weapons of mass destruction">denuclearization</a> negotiations.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July">July</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: July">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>July – The <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> (NOAA) reports, on August 15, that July 2019 has been the hottest month on record globally, at 0.95 °C (1.71 °F) above the <a href="/wiki/List_of_periods_and_events_in_climate_history" title="List of periods and events in climate history">20th-century average</a>.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> <ul><li>Japan resumes <a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_Japan" title="Whaling in Japan">commercial whaling</a> after a 30-year moratorium, following its withdrawal from the <a href="/wiki/International_Whaling_Commission" title="International Whaling Commission">International Whaling Commission</a>.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a></li> <li>Japan announces tightening high-tech exports to South Korea, thus begin the <a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93South_Korea_trade_dispute" title="Japan–South Korea trade dispute">trade dispute between the two countries</a>.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">International Atomic Energy Agency</a> confirms that <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> has breached the limit on its stockpile of <a href="/wiki/Enriched_uranium" title="Enriched uranium">enriched uranium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">2019–2020 Hong Kong protests</a>: During the annual July 1 protests that mark the anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Handover_of_Hong_Kong" title="Handover of Hong Kong">British handover of the city to China</a>, a group of a few hundred protesters stormed the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Legislative Council of Hong Kong">Legislative Council of Hong Kong</a>, defacing various portraits and destroying furniture before being dispersed by police using <a href="/wiki/Tear_gas" title="Tear gas">tear gas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a></li> <li>A fire on the Russian deep-diving submarine <a href="/wiki/Russian_submarine_Losharik" title="Russian submarine Losharik">Losharik</a> kills 14 crew members. Submarine commander Denis Dolonsky is among those killed.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a> – A total <a href="/wiki/Solar_eclipse_of_July_2,_2019" title="Solar eclipse of July 2, 2019">solar eclipse</a> occurs over <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>. It is the 58th solar eclipse from <a href="/wiki/Solar_Saros_127" title="Solar Saros 127">Saros cycle 127</a>.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_3" title="July 3">July 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/2019_Tajoura_migrant_center_airstrike" title="2019 Tajoura migrant center airstrike">2019 Tajoura migrant center airstrike</a>: An airstrike by Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/Khalifa_Haftar" title="Khalifa Haftar">Khalifa Haftar</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Libyan_National_Army" title="Libyan National Army">Libyan National Army</a> hits the Tajoura Detention Center outside <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, while hundreds of people are inside the facility, killing at least 53 of them and injures 130 others.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">July 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/2019_Greek_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Greek legislative election">2019 Greek legislative election</a>: The <a href="/wiki/New_Democracy_(Greece)" title="New Democracy (Greece)">New Democracy</a> party wins 158 of 300 seats in the <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Parliament" title="Hellenic Parliament">Hellenic Parliament</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> – The last <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Beetle" title="Volkswagen Beetle">Volkswagen Beetle</a> rolls off the line in <a href="/wiki/Puebla_(city)" title="Puebla (city)">Puebla</a>, Mexico. The last of 5,961 "Special Edition" cars will be exhibited in a museum.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_12" title="July 12">July 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Asasey_Hotel_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Asasey Hotel attack">Asasey Hotel attack</a>: A car bomb and a gun attack kill at least 26 people, including two prominent journalists and nine foreigners, in <a href="/wiki/Kismayo" title="Kismayo">Kismayo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>. Islamist group <a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">al-Shabaab</a> claims responsibility.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Barry_(2019)" title="Hurricane Barry (2019)">Hurricane Barry</a> strikes the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="Gulf Coast of the United States">Gulf Coast</a>, killing one and causing over $500 million (2019 USD) in damages.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – The <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> elects <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a> as the new <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">President of the European Commission</a>. Succeeding <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Juncker" title="Jean-Claude Juncker">Jean-Claude Juncker</a>, she will be sworn in on December 1, 2019. She is the first female to be elected to this office in EU history.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_17" title="July 17">July 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Guzm%C3%A1n" title="United States v. Guzmán">United States v. Guzmán</a>: <a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_%22El_Chapo%22_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán">Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán</a>, former head of the <a href="/wiki/Sinaloa_Cartel" title="Sinaloa Cartel">Sinaloa Cartel</a>, which became the biggest supplier of drugs to the U.S., is sentenced to life in prison plus 30 years.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) declares the <a href="/wiki/Kivu_Ebola_epidemic" title="Kivu Ebola epidemic">Kivu Ebola epidemic</a> to be a <a href="/wiki/Public_health_emergency_of_international_concern" title="Public health emergency of international concern">public health emergency of international concern</a>.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> – 36 people are killed and more than 30 others injured after an <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Animation_arson_attack" title="Kyoto Animation arson attack">arson attack</a> at an animation company in <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>, Japan.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> It is one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_in_Japan" title="List of massacres in Japan">deadliest massacres</a> in the country's history since the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and the deadliest building fire in the country in 18 years, since the <a href="/wiki/Myojo_56_building_fire" title="Myojo 56 building fire">Myojo 56 building fire</a> in 2001.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_19" title="July 19">July 19</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a> <a href="/wiki/Navy_of_the_Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps">Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps</a> captures <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> tanker Stena Impero and temporarily seizes British-operated and <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberian</a>-flagged tanker Mesdar in the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>. The British <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Secretary_(United_Kingdom)" title="Foreign Secretary (United Kingdom)">Foreign Secretary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hunt" title="Jeremy Hunt">Jeremy Hunt</a>, warns there will be "serious consequences" if Iran does not release the tanker.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_21" title="July 21">July 21</a> – A mob of over 100 suspected <a href="/wiki/Triad_(organized_crime)" title="Triad (organized crime)">triad</a> members dressed in white and armed with batons <a href="/wiki/2019_Yuen_Long_attack" title="2019 Yuen Long attack">attack commuters indiscriminately</a> at MTR <a href="/wiki/Yuen_Long_station" title="Yuen Long station">Yuen Long station</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, injuring 45, including a pro-democracy legislator and a pregnant woman. <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Police_Force" title="Hong Kong Police Force">Hong Kong police</a> have been accused of allowing the violence to happen due to their delayed response and decision to limit emergency services in the area. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jul/22/where-were-the-police-hong-kong-outcry-after-masked-thugs-launch-attack">(The Guardian)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-and-crime/article/3019524/least-10-injured-baton-wielding-mob-suspected-triad">(SCMP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_24" title="July 24">July 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a> becomes <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a> after defeating <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hunt" title="Jeremy Hunt">Jeremy Hunt</a> in a <a href="/wiki/2019_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="2019 Conservative Party leadership election">leadership contest</a>, succeeding <a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a>.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_26" title="July 26">July 26</a>–<a href="/wiki/August_11" title="August 11">August 11</a> – The <a href="/wiki/2019_Pan_American_Games" title="2019 Pan American Games">2019 Pan American Games</a> are held in <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_30" title="July 30">July 30</a> – India bans <a href="/wiki/Triple_talaq_in_India" title="Triple talaq in India">triple talaq</a>.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August">August</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: August">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">August 1</a> – Danish polar research institution Polar Portal reports a large spike in <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> ice loss, with 11 billion tons melted in one day and 197 gigatonnes during the month of July.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">August 2</a> <ul><li>The United States officially withdraws from the <a href="/wiki/Intermediate-Range_Nuclear_Forces_Treaty" title="Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty">Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty</a> established with Russia in 1987.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Japan%E2%80%93South_Korea_trade_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–2020 Japan–South Korea trade dispute">2019–2020 Japan–South Korea trade dispute</a>: Japan announces the removal of South Korea from its list of most trusted trading partners, effective on August 28.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_5" title="August 5">August 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revocation_of_the_special_status_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir">Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir</a>: India revokes the <a href="/wiki/Article_370_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Article 370 of the Constitution of India">part of its constitution</a> that gives <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Indian-administered Kashmir</a> special status in an unprecedented move.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Hong_Kong_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 Hong Kong protests">2019–20 Hong Kong protests</a>: Amid ongoing protests, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> is hit by the first <a href="/wiki/General_strike" title="General strike">general strikes</a> of their kind since 1967.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">August 7</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Mediation_Convention" title="Singapore Mediation Convention">Singapore Mediation Convention</a>, also known as the UN Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation, comes into effect. States that have ratified the treaty must enforce international commercial agreements in their courts.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_8" title="August 8">August 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nyonoksa_radiation_accident" title="Nyonoksa radiation accident">Nyonoksa radiation accident</a>: Reports indicate that there may have been a nuclear explosion at the <a href="/wiki/Nyonoksa" title="Nyonoksa">Nyonoksa</a> weapons-testing site in <a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk_Oblast" title="Arkhangelsk Oblast">Arkhangelsk Oblast</a>, Russia. At least five people were killed and three others injured in the blast, with radiation levels in <a href="/wiki/Severodvinsk" title="Severodvinsk">Severodvinsk</a>, 47 km (29 mi) from the site, being 20 times above normal levels temporarily.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morogoro_tanker_explosion" class="mw-redirect" title="Morogoro tanker explosion">Morogoro tanker explosion</a>: A fuel tanker truck explodes in <a href="/wiki/Morogoro" title="Morogoro">Morogoro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, killing at least 89 people and injuring dozens more.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a></li> <li>32 are killed and 1,000,000 evacuated as <a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Lekima_(2019)" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhoon Lekima (2019)">Typhoon Lekima</a> makes landfall in <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a>, China. Earlier it had caused flooding in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a>–<a href="/wiki/August_25" title="August 25">25</a> – <a href="/wiki/2019_Canary_Islands_wildfires" title="2019 Canary Islands wildfires">2019 Canary Islands wildfires</a>: A number of <a href="/wiki/Wildfire" title="Wildfire">forest fires</a> break out in the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gran_Canaria" title="Gran Canaria">Gran Canaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenerife" title="Tenerife">Tenerife</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lanzarote" title="Lanzarote">Lanzarote</a>. The fires on the island of Gran Canaria were the most severe, resulting in the loss of large areas of the island's forests and leading to the evacuation of thousands of residents from a number of towns and villages.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_11" title="August 11">August 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_floods" title="2019 Indian floods">2019 Indian floods</a>: At least 114 people, including 57 in <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, 30 in <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> and 27 in <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>, are reported to have died in monsoon-related floods in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. At least 227 died across India, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_12" title="August 12">August 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Hong_Kong_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 Hong Kong protests">2019–20 Hong Kong protests</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_International_Airport" title="Hong Kong International Airport">Hong Kong International Airport</a> is closed due to protests.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Japan%E2%80%93South_Korea_trade_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–2020 Japan–South Korea trade dispute">2019–2020 Japan–South Korea trade dispute</a>: South Korea announces the removal of Japan from its list of most trusted trading partners, effective on September 18.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a></li> <li>The Trump administration announces it will delay its proposal for 10 percent tariffs slated to take effect from September 1 on certain consumer goods from China while exempting other products — less than two weeks after Trump announced the new proposed tariffs.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_13" title="August 13">August 13</a> – The main yield curve for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Treasury_security" title="United States Treasury security">U.S. Treasury bonds</a> inverts, as the yield rate for 2-year bonds rises higher than the yield rate for 10-year bonds.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_14" title="August 14">August 14</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average" title="Dow Jones Industrial Average">Dow Jones</a> plunges more than 500 points, due to concerns over the <a href="/wiki/Yield_curve_inversion" class="mw-redirect" title="Yield curve inversion">yield curve inversion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a> – The <a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a> shuts down <a href="/wiki/PNB_Banka" title="PNB Banka">PNB Banka</a> after ruling it had become insolvent; this bank, previously called Norvik Banka, has been Latvia's sixth-largest lender, and a critic of the Baltic country's financial authorities.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> – Russian airstrike kills <a href="/wiki/Hass_refugee_camp_bombing" title="Hass refugee camp bombing">20 civilians in the Hass refugee camp</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> – 100 activists, officials, and other concerned citizens in <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> hold a funeral for <a href="/wiki/Okj%C3%B6kull" title="Okjökull">Okjökull glacier</a>, which has completely melted after once covering 15.5 km2 (6 sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/2019_Papua_protests" title="2019 Papua protests">2019 Papua protests</a> erupt, mainly across <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Papua" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian Papua">Indonesian Papua</a>, in response to an incident in <a href="/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a> where a group of Papuan students were arrested for alleged disrespect of the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian flag">Indonesian flag</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Jayapura" title="Jayapura">Jayapura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sorong" title="Sorong">Sorong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fakfak" title="Fakfak">Fakfak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timika" title="Timika">Timika</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manokwari" title="Manokwari">Manokwari</a>, protests turned violent, with various private buildings and public facilities being damaged or burned. The protests and unrest were described by <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> as "the most serious civil unrest in years over perceived racial and ethnic discrimination."<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_21" title="August 21">August 21</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Amazon_rainforest_wildfires" title="2019 Amazon rainforest wildfires">2019 Amazon rainforest wildfires</a>: Brazil's <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Space_Research" title="National Institute for Space Research">National Institute for Space Research (INPE)</a> reports fires burning in the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_rainforest" title="Amazon rainforest">Amazon rainforest</a> at a record rate, with more than 36,000 in the year to date, while smoke reaches <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a> more than 2,700 kilometres (1,700 mi) away.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Conte" title="Giuseppe Conte">Giuseppe Conte</a> offers his resignation as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister of Italy</a> in order to avoid a no-confidence motion.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> – German Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> and French President <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> describe the widespread <a href="/wiki/2019_Brazil_wildfires" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Brazil wildfires">Amazon fires</a> as an international emergency, urging the matter to be discussed at the weekend's <a href="/wiki/45th_G7_summit" title="45th G7 summit">G7 summit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_25" title="August 25">August 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/2019_Beirut_drone_crash" title="2019 Beirut drone crash">2019 Beirut drone crash</a>: According to Lebanese officials, two Israeli drones attack <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>, Lebanon. One crashed into the roof of the Hezbollah Media Center, about 45 minutes before the second exploded in the air and damaged the building.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> It is the first such incident between Israel and Lebanon since the <a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">2006 Lebanon War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_31" title="August 31">August 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/2019_Alta_helicopter_crash" title="2019 Alta helicopter crash">2019 Alta helicopter crash</a>: A sightseeing helicopter crashes in the mountains of <a href="/wiki/Skoddevarre" title="Skoddevarre">Skoddevarre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alta_Municipality" title="Alta Municipality">Alta Municipality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, killing all 6 occupants.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September">September</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: September">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Dorian" title="Hurricane Dorian">Hurricane Dorian</a> makes landfall on <a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">The Bahamas</a> as the strongest hurricane ever recorded in the Atlantic basin outside the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, with sustained wind speeds of 185 mph.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> 43 deaths are reported.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2" title="September 2">September 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_MV_Conception" title="Sinking of MV Conception">Sinking of MV Conception</a>: 34 people are killed following a fire and subsequent sinking of a dive boat near <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Island" title="Santa Cruz Island">Santa Cruz Island</a>, California, United States.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> It is the worst maritime disaster in California in more than 150 years.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a></li> <li>Iranian woman <a href="/wiki/Sahar_Khodayari" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahar Khodayari">Sahar Khodayari</a> sets herself on fire after being arrested for attending a soccer game in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. She dies a week later.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_4" title="September 4">September 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Hong_Kong_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 Hong Kong protests">2019–20 Hong Kong protests</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> <a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_of_Hong_Kong" title="Chief Executive of Hong Kong">Chief Executive</a> <a href="/wiki/Carrie_Lam" title="Carrie Lam">Carrie Lam</a> announces the official withdrawal of the controversial <a href="/wiki/2019_Hong_Kong_extradition_bill" title="2019 Hong Kong extradition bill">Fugitive Offenders and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Legislation (Amendment) Bill 2019</a>, and setting up of an independent study to probe social and economic inequality within the territory.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a></li> <li>In the United States, the <a href="/wiki/FTC_regulation_of_behavioral_advertising" title="FTC regulation of behavioral advertising">Federal Trade Commission</a> threatens to fine <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> and <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> up to $170 million for violation of collecting personal information from children under 13. Google tracked children's YouTube history to regulate <a href="/wiki/Targeted_advertising" title="Targeted advertising">targeted advertising</a> and the FTC took notice and took action.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">September 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2" title="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-2</a>, India's second lunar probe, is successfully placed in <a href="/wiki/Lunar_orbit" title="Lunar orbit">lunar orbit</a>, but the lander Vikram crashes into the surface of the Moon.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_peace_process" title="Afghan peace process">Afghan peace process</a>: U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> announces he "called off" planned peace talks with the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> at <a href="/wiki/Camp_David" title="Camp David">Camp David</a> after they claimed responsibility for <a href="/wiki/2_and_5_September_2019_Kabul_bombings" title="2 and 5 September 2019 Kabul bombings">the September 2 and 5 bombings in Kabul</a> which killed a U.S. soldier, among others.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a></li> <li>Ukrainian filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Oleg_Sentsov" class="mw-redirect" title="Oleg Sentsov">Oleg Sentsov</a> and 66 others are released in a prisoner exchange between <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">September 10</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a> is <a href="/wiki/2019_British_prorogation_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 British prorogation controversy">prorogued</a> amid unprecedented protests from opposition MPs, who hold up signs in the House of Commons and refuse to back the shutdown.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11" title="September 11">September 11</a> – Astronomers announce the detection of water in the atmosphere of <a href="/wiki/Exoplanet" title="Exoplanet">exoplanet</a> <a href="/wiki/K2-18b" title="K2-18b">K2-18b</a>, the first such discovery for an exoplanet in the <a href="/wiki/Circumstellar_habitable_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Circumstellar habitable zone">habitable zone</a> around a star.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_14" title="September 14">September 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/2019_Abqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Abqaiq–Khurais attack">2019 Abqaiq–Khurais attack</a>: Two <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Aramco" title="Saudi Aramco">Saudi Aramco</a> oil refineries in <a href="/wiki/Abqaiq" title="Abqaiq">Abqaiq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khurais_oil_field" title="Khurais oil field">Khurais</a>, Saudi Arabia, are attacked by drones, resulting in fires. <a href="/wiki/Houthi_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthi movement">Houthi militants</a> claim responsibility, saying that they used ten drones for the attack. Aramco's oil exports and production are disrupted by five million barrels a day, close to half of the entire Saudi Arabian oil exports.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_16" title="September 16">September 16</a> – A gas explosion in <a href="/wiki/Koltsovo,_Novosibirsk_Oblast" title="Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Oblast">Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Oblast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> sets off a fire in a bioweapons plant that houses viruses including <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebola virus disease">ebola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anthrax" title="Anthrax">anthrax</a>.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – Interest rates on <a href="/wiki/Repurchase_agreement" title="Repurchase agreement">repurchase agreements</a> (or "repos") in the United States experience a <a href="/wiki/September_2019_events_in_the_U.S._repo_market" title="September 2019 events in the U.S. repo market">sudden and unexpected spike</a>.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_19" title="September 19">September 19</a> – 30 <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghan</a> nut farmers are killed and 40 injured in a U.S. drone attack in <a href="/wiki/Nangarhar_Province" title="Nangarhar Province">Nangarhar Province</a>.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">September 20</a> – An international <a href="/wiki/September_2019_climate_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="September 2019 climate strike">strike and protest</a> led by young people and adults is held three days before the latest <a href="/wiki/2019_UN_Climate_Action_Summit" title="2019 UN Climate Action Summit">UN Climate Summit</a>, to demand action be taken to address the <a href="/wiki/Climate_crisis" title="Climate crisis">climate crisis</a>. Gathering 6 million people in 4,500 locations across 150 countries, the event is one of the largest climate mobilizations in history.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">September 20</a>–<a href="/wiki/November_2" title="November 2">November 2</a> – The <a href="/wiki/2019_Rugby_World_Cup" title="2019 Rugby World Cup">2019 Rugby Union World Cup</a> is held in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>; the <a href="/wiki/South_Africa_national_rugby_union_team" title="South Africa national rugby union team">South Africa Springboks</a> defeat <a href="/wiki/England_national_rugby_union_team" title="England national rugby union team">England</a> 32–12 in the final.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_21" title="September 21">September 21</a> – U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> approves deployment of several hundred troops and military equipment to Saudi Arabia and <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> following the <a href="/wiki/2019_Abqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Abqaiq–Khurais attack">September 14 attack</a> on Saudi oil refineries.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> Both Saudi Arabia and <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> vow to defend themselves.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_22" title="September 22">September 22</a> – Nearly three weeks after <a href="/wiki/Effects_of_Hurricane_Dorian_in_The_Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Effects of Hurricane Dorian in The Bahamas">Hurricane Dorian</a> makes landfall on <a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">The Bahamas</a>, the official death toll stands at 52 and 1,300 are reported missing. Rescuers report the widespread stench of rotting bodies in the rubble.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_23" title="September 23">September 23</a> <ul><li>One of the largest and oldest travel firms, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cook_Group" title="Thomas Cook Group">Thomas Cook</a>, goes bankrupt as last-minute rescue negotiations fail, stranding 600,000 tourists worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a></li> <li>Russia formally adopts the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris climate agreement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24" title="September 24">September 24</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Supreme Court of the United Kingdom">Supreme Court of the United Kingdom</a> unanimously rules in <a href="/wiki/R_(Miller)_v_The_Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="R (Miller) v The Prime Minister">R (Miller) v The Prime Minister</a> that the <a href="/wiki/2019_British_prorogation_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 British prorogation controversy">September 2019 prorogation of Parliament</a> is unlawful and void.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Spain" title="Supreme Court of Spain">Supreme Court of Spain</a> unanimously rules in favour of the exhumation of the remains of Spanish dictator <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Valle_de_los_Ca%C3%ADdos" class="mw-redirect" title="Valle de los Caídos">Valle de los Caídos</a>.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> He is finally exhumed on October 24, being re-inhumed in a private crypt with his wife.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a></li> <li>U.S. Speaker of the House <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a> announces the start of a formal <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_against_Donald_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump">impeachment inquiry</a> against President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_27" title="September 27">September 27</a> <ul><li>500,000 people march in a <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> protest led by activist <a href="/wiki/Greta_Thunberg" title="Greta Thunberg">Greta Thunberg</a> and Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, Canada.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> 4,000,000 go on strike around the world.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_University" title="United Nations University">United Nations University</a> Centre for Policy Research's Financial Sector Commission on Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking releases its final report, Unlocking Potential: A Blueprint for Mobilizing Finance Against Slavery and Trafficking, during the United Nations General Assembly in New York.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_30" title="September 30">September 30</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a> promises to plant 440 million trees in twenty years to <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" title="Climate change mitigation">combat climate change</a>.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October">October</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: October">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Hong_Kong_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 Hong Kong protests">2019–20 Hong Kong protests</a>: A protester is shot in the chest with a live round of ammunition and critically injured.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Nanfang%27ao_Bridge" title="Nanfang'ao Bridge">Nanfang'ao Bridge</a>, the only steel single-arch bridge in <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, collapses, killing six people and injuring more than twenty others.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2" title="October 2">October 2</a> – 25 soldiers are killed and 60 missing following attacks on two army camps in Boulkessi and <a href="/wiki/Mondoro" title="Mondoro">Mondoro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_3" title="October 3">October 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> spokesperson Daniel Rosario threatens retaliatory measures if the <a href="/wiki/Tariff_in_United_States_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Tariff in United States history">United States imposes</a> a US$7.5-billion (approximately €6.8-billion) tariff on products such as olives, whiskey, wine, cheese, yogurt, and airplanes. The tariffs are scheduled to take place on <a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a>.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Hong_Kong_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 Hong Kong protests">2019–20 Hong Kong protests</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> <a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_of_Hong_Kong" title="Chief Executive of Hong Kong">Chief Executive</a> <a href="/wiki/Carrie_Lam" title="Carrie Lam">Carrie Lam</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Order_in_Council" title="Order in Council">Chief Executive in Council</a> invokes the <a href="/wiki/Emergency_Regulations_Ordinance" title="Emergency Regulations Ordinance">Emergency Regulations Ordinance</a> and banning the <a href="/wiki/Surgical_mask" title="Surgical mask">face mask</a> in public gatherings with immediate effect.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_5" title="October 5">October 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_Iraqi_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2018–19 Iraqi protests">2019 Iraqi protests</a>: 91 people are killed by police during a week of demonstrations in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Encyclopedic_content" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">importance?</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_8" title="October 8">October 8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Ecuadorian_protests" title="2019 Ecuadorian protests">2019 Ecuadorian protests</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ecuador" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Ecuador">Government of Ecuador</a>, headed by President <a href="/wiki/Len%C3%ADn_Moreno" title="Lenín Moreno">Lenín Moreno</a>, moves to <a href="/wiki/Guayaquil" title="Guayaquil">Guayaquil</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Carondelet_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Carondelet Palace">Carondelet Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Quito" title="Quito">Quito</a> is overtaken by protesters and chaos persists in the capital.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a></li> <li>About 200 <a href="/wiki/Extinction_Rebellion" title="Extinction Rebellion">Extinction Rebellion</a> activists block the gates of <a href="/wiki/Leinster_House" title="Leinster House">Leinster House</a> (parliament) in the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria</a>: President <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> announces a military invasion of north-eastern Syria, targeting the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">SDF</a> and other Kurdish militias.<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Assistance_Mission_in_Afghanistan" title="United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan">United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">U.N. Human Rights Office</a> issue a report that says that U.S. bombings in <a href="/wiki/Nimroz" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimroz">Nimroz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Farah_Province" title="Farah Province">Farah Province</a>, Afghanistan, that killed 39 civilians are unlawful. The U.S. said the attacks were against drug labs that fund the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a>.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_12" title="October 12">October 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Hagibis_(2019)" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhoon Hagibis (2019)">Typhoon Hagibis</a> makes landfall in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, the biggest storm to hit the region in decades, with over seven million people urged to evacuate.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_14" title="October 14">October 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Catalonia_independence_leaders" title="Trial of Catalonia independence leaders">Trial of Catalonia independence leaders</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Spain" title="Supreme Court of Spain">Supreme Court of Spain</a> sentences nine <a href="/wiki/Catalan_independence_movement" title="Catalan independence movement">Catalan independence movement</a> leaders to 9 to 13 years of prison for sedition and misuse of public funds. Three others are disqualified for 1 year and 8 months for disobedience. Violent <a href="/wiki/2019_Catalan_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Catalan protests">protests</a> erupt across Catalonia.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">New York Times</a> investigation reveals that <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> planes had bombed at least 50 hospitals and clinics in opposition-held <a href="/wiki/Idlib" title="Idlib">Idlib</a>, Syria.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source?</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a> – Venezuelan councilman and opposition politician <a href="/wiki/Edmundo_Rada" title="Edmundo Rada">Edmundo Rada</a> is reported missing. He is found dead the following day on the side of the road out of <a href="/wiki/Petare" title="Petare">Petare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:1-234">[234]</a> burned and with two <a href="/wiki/Coup_de_gr%C3%A2ce" title="Coup de grâce">coup de grâce</a> shots in the back of his neck.<a href="#cite_note-:02-235">[235]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_17" title="October 17">October 17</a> – Shootouts erupt in <a href="/wiki/Culiac%C3%A1n" title="Culiacán">Culiacán</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, after the arrest of <a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_%22El_Chapo%22_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán">El Chapo</a>'s son, <a href="/wiki/Ovidio_Guzm%C3%A1n_L%C3%B3pez" title="Ovidio Guzmán López">Ovidio Guzmán López</a>, on an arrest warrant for drug dealing in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> Eight people are killed and 56 convicts escape from prison; 7 are recaptured by October 18. Guzmán López is released in an effort to restore peace and to prevent more bloodshed.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> astronauts <a href="/wiki/Jessica_Meir" title="Jessica Meir">Jessica Meir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christina_Koch" title="Christina Koch">Christina Koch</a> conduct the first all-female spacewalk outside of the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Chilean_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Chilean protests">Riots in Chilean capital city Santiago</a> erupt as civil unrest escalated as a reaction to a series of economic measures and Government's declarations labeled as abuse by protesters<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – An estimated one million people march through <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> in a protest organised by <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Vote" title="People's Vote">People's Vote</a>, to demand a second referendum on <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_23" title="October 23">October 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Essex_lorry_deaths" title="Essex lorry deaths">The bodies of 39 people are found in a truck container</a> in <a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. A 25-year-old man from Northern Ireland is arrested on suspicion of murder.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> announces that its 53-<a href="/wiki/Qubit" title="Qubit">qubit</a> <a href="/wiki/Sycamore_processor" title="Sycamore processor">"Sycamore" processor</a> has achieved <a href="/wiki/Quantum_supremacy" title="Quantum supremacy">quantum supremacy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> disputes the claim.<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_25" title="October 25">October 25</a> – Tourists visit the summit of <a href="/wiki/Uluru" title="Uluru">Uluru</a> (also known as Ayers Rock) for the last time, as a ban on climbing the famous rock in Australia's <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a> comes into effect.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Bishops_for_the_Pan-Amazon_region" title="Synod of Bishops for the Pan-Amazon region">Amazon Catholic bishops synod</a> proposes that married men be ordained as priests, which would reverse the Church's centuries-old discipline of celibacy.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_27" title="October 27">October 27</a> – U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> announces that the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a>, has been killed in a U.S. special forces <a href="/wiki/Barisha_raid" class="mw-redirect" title="Barisha raid">operation</a>. It is reported that al-Baghdadi detonated a suicide vest after being chased into a tunnel.<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-250">[250]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_30" title="October 30">October 30</a> <ul><li>Social media website <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> bans all political advertising worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Cotabato_earthquakes" title="2019 Cotabato earthquakes">An earthquake of 6.5. Mw</a> rocks the Philippine island of <a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a> two days after an earthquake killed at least five and left around 12,000 people homeless.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_31" title="October 31">October 31</a> <ul><li>A fire destroys much of the 500-year-old Japanese <a href="/wiki/Shurijo" class="mw-redirect" title="Shurijo">Shuri Castle</a>, a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Educational,_Scientific_and_Cultural_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>.<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Pakistan_train_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Pakistan train fire">A train catches fire</a> near <a href="/wiki/Rahim_Yar_Khan" title="Rahim Yar Khan">Rahim Yar Khan</a> in Pakistan. The blaze, sparked by gas used by passengers cooking on board, kills at least 74 people.<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a></li> <li>Heavy rain and flooding leave 3 dead and 200,000 people are homeless in <a href="/wiki/Beledweyne" title="Beledweyne">Beledweyne</a>, Somalia. Meanwhile, 29 are dead and 29,000 homeless due to flooding in nearby <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="November">November</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: November">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LeBar%C3%B3n_and_Langford_families_massacre" title="LeBarón and Langford families massacre">LeBarón and Langford families massacre</a>: Nine Americans are killed when Mexican gang members open fire on their vehicles while driving to a wedding about 110 kilometres (70 mi) south of the <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Mexico–United States border">Mexico–United States border</a>.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> alleges that <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> killed 466 people in 2018 under the guise of an anti-drugs campaign in what appears to be a wave of <a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_killing" title="Extrajudicial killing">extrajudicial executions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a></li> <li>The United States formally begins process to pull out of the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a> on climate change.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_5" title="November 5">November 5</a> – 11,000 scientists from around the world publish a study in the journal BioScience, warning "clearly and unequivocally that planet Earth is facing a climate emergency".<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/2019_Fada_N%27Gourma_attack" title="2019 Fada N'Gourma attack">2019 Fada N'Gourma attack</a>: At least 37 people are killed and 60 others injured when gunmen attack <a href="/wiki/Semafo" title="Semafo">a Canadian gold mining company</a> convoy on a road in <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a>.<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> – Former <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congolese</a> rebel leader <a href="/wiki/Bosco_Ntaganda" title="Bosco Ntaganda">Bosco Ntaganda</a> is sentenced to 30 years in prison for <a href="/wiki/War_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes">war crimes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">crimes against humanity</a>, the longest sentence ever handed down by the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">International Criminal Court</a>.<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">November 9</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a> awards a holy site in <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya_dispute" title="Ayodhya dispute">Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh</a> to Hindus, rejecting a Muslim claim. The move is likely to spur sectarian disputes.<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Encyclopedic_content" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">importance?</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Bulbul" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclone Bulbul">Cyclone Bulbul</a> kills seven in <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>, India and seven in <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>. 2,000,000 people are evacuated.<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">November 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/2019_Bolivian_protests" title="2019 Bolivian protests">2019 Bolivian protests</a>: <a href="/wiki/Evo_Morales" title="Evo Morales">Evo Morales</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Garc%C3%ADa_Linera" title="Álvaro García Linera">Álvaro García Linera</a> resigns in response to fierce three-week long protests. Within hours, <a href="/wiki/Adriana_Salvatierra" title="Adriana Salvatierra">Adriana Salvatierra</a> and <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_Borda" title="Víctor Borda">Víctor Borda</a> also tender their resignations, leading to a <a href="/wiki/2019_Bolivian_political_crisis" title="2019 Bolivian political crisis">political crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/Transit_of_Mercury" title="Transit of Mercury">transit of Mercury</a> occurs.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Hong_Kong_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 Hong Kong protests">2019–20 Hong Kong protests</a>: A traffic officer shoots a youth in Sai Wan Ho during a city-wide strike.<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> A man is also set on fire by protesters on the same day.<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_12" title="November 12">November 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/2019_Bolivian_protests" title="2019 Bolivian protests">2019 Bolivian protests</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jeanine_%C3%81%C3%B1ez" title="Jeanine Áñez">Jeanine Áñez</a> took power as interim <a href="/wiki/President_of_Bolivia" title="President of Bolivia">President of Bolivia</a> amidst political crisis.<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_13" title="November 13">November 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_against_Donald_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump">Public impeachment hearings</a> against U.S. President Donald Trump begin in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>.<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Hong_Kong_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 Hong Kong protests">2019–20 Hong Kong protests</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Chinese_University_of_Hong_Kong" title="Chinese University of Hong Kong">Chinese University of Hong Kong</a> officially announces a premature end to the semester as a result of large-scale protests and civil unrest. Besides CUHK, several Hong Kong universities switch to online learning and suspend on-campus class. The <a href="/wiki/Education_Bureau" title="Education Bureau">Education Bureau</a> in Hong Kong officially announces to close all schools in Hong Kong due to the ongoing protests.<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_14" title="November 14">November 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Saugus_High_School_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Saugus High School shooting">A mass shooting</a> occurs at <a href="/wiki/Saugus_High_School_(California)" title="Saugus High School (California)">Saugus High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clarita,_California" title="Santa Clarita, California">Santa Clarita, California</a>, United States, resulting in 3 deaths (including the perpetrator) and 3 injuries.<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a></li> <li>Italy declares a state of emergency in <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a> following record flooding.<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_17" title="November 17">November 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Hong_Kong_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 Hong Kong protests">2019–20 Hong Kong protests</a>: Police use tear gas and water cannons against protesters who try to break through cordons and reach <a href="/wiki/The_Hong_Kong_Polytechnic_University" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hong Kong Polytechnic University">The Hong Kong Polytechnic University</a>, which is at the center of a week-long standoff between demonstrators and law enforcement. Protesters fight back with <a href="/wiki/Molotov_cocktail" title="Molotov cocktail">Molotov cocktails</a>, arrows, and bricks.<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_19" title="November 19">November 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> enters the video game market with the launch of <a href="/wiki/Google_Stadia" title="Google Stadia">Stadia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> – Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> is indicted on charges of bribery, fraud and breach of trust.<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">November 23</a> – The last known <a href="/wiki/Sumatran_rhinoceros" title="Sumatran rhinoceros">Sumatran rhinoceros</a> in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> dies.<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">November 23</a>–<a href="/wiki/December_7" title="December 7">December 7</a> – A non-binding <a href="/wiki/2019_Bougainvillean_independence_referendum" title="2019 Bougainvillean independence referendum">independence referendum</a> was held in <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Region_of_Bougainville" title="Autonomous Region of Bougainville">Bougainville</a>, an autonomous <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Provinces of Papua New Guinea">region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>. Voters overwhelmingly voted for independence.<a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_24" title="November 24">November 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/2019_Busy_Bee_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Busy Bee crash">2019 Busy Bee crash</a>: A plane crashes shortly after takeoff in a densely populated area of <a href="/wiki/Goma" title="Goma">Goma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>, killing all 19 people on board and at least 10 more on the ground.<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_25" title="November 25">November 25</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a> reports that levels of heat-trapping <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gases" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenhouse gases">greenhouse gases</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Earth" title="Atmosphere of Earth">atmosphere</a> have reached another new record high of 407.8 parts per million, with "no sign of a slowdown, let alone a decline."<a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a><a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPv4_address_exhaustion" title="IPv4 address exhaustion">IPv4 address exhaustion</a>: The <a href="/wiki/RIPE_NCC" title="RIPE NCC">RIPE NCC</a>, which is the official regional Internet registry (RIR) for Europe, officially announces that it has run out of <a href="/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4">IPv4</a> addresses.<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_26" title="November 26">November 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Albania_earthquake" title="2019 Albania earthquake">2019 Albania earthquake</a>: 51 people are killed and around 2,000 others injured in a 6.4-magnitude earthquake in northwestern Albania.<a href="#cite_note-AP1-287">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a> The earthquake is the strongest to hit Albania in more than 40 years, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_2019#By_death_toll" title="List of earthquakes in 2019">the world's deadliest earthquake in 2019</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Chilean_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Chilean protests">2019 Chilean protests</a>: <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> issue reports on Chile's situation denouncing grave human rights violations, including excessive violence use and detention abuses by police forces.<a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a> Among police brutality acts there are records of police agents firing non-lethal ammunition to protesters' faces against provider's regulations, resulting in more than 200 people with severe eye trauma and more than 50 requiring prosthetic eyes.<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_27" title="November 27">November 27</a> – The U.S. Government passes the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Human_Rights_and_Democracy_Act" title="Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act">Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Nov27NYT-292">[292]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="December">December</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: December">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_1" title="December 1">December 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>: First known human case of <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">Coronavirus disease 2019</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Novel_Coronavirus—China-293">[293]</a><a href="#cite_note-5days-294">[294]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2">December 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Kammuri_(2019)" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhoon Kammuri (2019)">Typhoon Kammuri</a> hits the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, causing the evacuation of 200,000 people, but without reports of injuries or serious damage.<a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2">December 2</a>–<a href="/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">13</a> – The <a href="/wiki/2019_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2019 United Nations Climate Change Conference">2019 United Nations Climate Change Conference</a> takes place in <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Spain, after Chilean President <a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Pi%C3%B1era" title="Sebastián Piñera">Sebastián Piñera</a> announced in October that his country could not host the conference due to <a href="/wiki/2019_Chilean_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Chilean protests">political unrest</a> in the country.<a href="#cite_note-common-296">[296]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_5" title="December 5">December 5</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/2019_Burundi_landslide" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Burundi landslide">2019 Burundi landslide</a> is reported to have caused at least 26 deaths.<a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives</a> <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a> asks the <a href="/wiki/House_Judiciary_committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Judiciary committee">House Judiciary Committee</a> to begin drafting the articles of <a href="/wiki/Impeachment" title="Impeachment">impeachment</a> against <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>.<a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Delhi_factory_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Delhi factory fire">A fire</a> at a factory in <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, India, kills 43 people and injures at least 50 others.<a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9">December 9</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/World_Anti-Doping_Agency" title="World Anti-Doping Agency">World Anti-Doping Agency</a> votes unanimously to ban <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> from international sport for four years for doping offences, meaning it will be excluded from the <a href="/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics" title="2020 Summer Olympics">2020 Summer Olympics</a> in Tokyo, the <a href="/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics" title="2022 Winter Olympics">2022 Winter Olympics</a> in Beijing and the <a href="/wiki/2022_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2022 FIFA World Cup">2022 World Cup</a> in Qatar.<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a></li> <li>A volcano <a href="/wiki/2019_Whakaari/White_Island_eruption" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Whakaari/White Island eruption">erupts</a> on <a href="/wiki/Whakaari/White_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Whakaari/White Island">White Island</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, killing 22 people and injuring 25 others.<a href="#cite_note-20thDeath-301">[301]</a><a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Chilean_Air_Force_C-130_crash" title="2019 Chilean Air Force C-130 crash">2019 Chilean Air Force C-130 crash</a>: A Chilean military transport aircraft crashes while en route to <a href="/wiki/Base_Presidente_Eduardo_Frei_Montalva" title="Base Presidente Eduardo Frei Montalva">Base Presidente Eduardo Frei Montalva</a> in <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>, killing all 38 people on board.<a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a> The crash site is located on December 12.<a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">December 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanna_Marin" title="Sanna Marin">Sanna Marin</a>, at the age of 34, becomes the world's youngest serving prime minister after being selected to lead <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Finland" title="Social Democratic Party of Finland">Social Democratic Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> announce formal charges against <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, accusing him of abusing power and "obstructing Congress"; he becomes the third U.S. president in history to face impeachment.<a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_11" title="December 11">December 11</a> – The <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a> is left unable to intervene in trade disputes after the U.S. blocks the appointment of new panel members.<a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a><a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_12" title="December 12">December 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> win a <a href="/wiki/Landslide_victory" title="Landslide victory">landslide victory</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">2019 United Kingdom general election</a> achieving a majority in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons" title="House of Commons">House of Commons</a> of 80 seats.<a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> abolishes <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_secret" title="Pontifical secret">pontifical secrecy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_sexual_abuse_cases" title="Catholic Church sexual abuse cases">sex abuse cases</a>; the move follows the Vatican's <a href="/wiki/Meeting_on_the_Protection_of_Minors_in_the_Church" title="Meeting on the Protection of Minors in the Church">Meeting on the Protection of Minors in the Church</a> months prior.<a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a> The Pope also raises the definition of "<a href="/wiki/Legality_of_child_pornography" title="Legality of child pornography">child pornography</a>" from 14 to 18 years old.<a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">December 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chinese_aircraft_carrier_Shandong" title="Chinese aircraft carrier Shandong">Shandong</a>, China's first fully domestically built <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carrier</a>, enters naval service.<a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a><a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_18" title="December 18">December 18</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/CHEOPS" title="CHEOPS">CHEOPS</a> space telescope, whose mission is to study the formation of <a href="/wiki/Extrasolar_planets" class="mw-redirect" title="Extrasolar planets">extrasolar planets</a> and determine their precise radius, likely density and internal structure, is launched.<a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> approves two <a href="/wiki/First_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="First impeachment of Donald Trump">articles of impeachment against President Trump</a>, making him the third <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president</a> to be impeached in the nation's history.<a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_19" title="December 19">December 19</a> <ul><li>Libya's <a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Accord" title="Government of National Accord">Government of National Accord</a> activates a cooperation accord with <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, allowing for a potential Turkish military intervention in the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Civil_War_(2014%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Civil War (2014–present)">Second Libyan Civil War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Locust" title="Locust">locust</a> plague devastates 173,000 acres (70,000 hectares) of crop and grazing land in <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a></li> <li>A court in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> convicts <a href="/wiki/Andal_Ampatuan_Jr." title="Andal Ampatuan Jr.">Andal Ampatuan Jr.</a>, his brother <a href="/wiki/Zaldy_Ampatuan" title="Zaldy Ampatuan">Zaldy Ampatuan</a> and 31 others including three members of the Ampatuan clan, of 57 counts of <a href="/wiki/Murder" title="Murder">murder</a> and sentences them to <a href="/wiki/Reclusion_perpetua" class="mw-redirect" title="Reclusion perpetua">life imprisonment</a> without <a href="/wiki/Parole" title="Parole">parole</a> for their role in the <a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_massacre" title="Maguindanao massacre">Maguindanao massacre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a><a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> <ul><li>The United States founds the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">United States Space Force</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Military_branch" title="Military branch">branch</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States Armed Forces</a> dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Space_warfare" title="Space warfare">space warfare</a>.<a href="#cite_note-321">[321]</a></li> <li>The Dutch Supreme Court affirms that the Dutch government is responsible for management of carbon dioxide emissions for the country and is bound to protect human rights.<a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a> The ruling reiterated from the Court of Appeals is that "every country is responsible for its share" of emissions.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> <ul><li>Five men are sentenced to death and another three face 24 years in prison for their roles in the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Jamal_Khashoggi" title="Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi">murder</a> of dissident journalist and Washington Post columnist <a href="/wiki/Jamal_Khashoggi" title="Jamal Khashoggi">Jamal Khashoggi</a> at the Saudi consulate in Istanbul.<a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a></li> <li>28 people are killed and 13 others injured after a bus plunges into a ravine on a winding road in South <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-324">[324]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Encyclopedic_content" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">importance?</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> – Thousands of Muslims protest the December 20 burning of four <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosques</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Amhara_Region" title="Amhara Region">Amhara Region</a> of Ethiopia.<a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_26" title="December 26">December 26</a> – An annular <a href="/wiki/Solar_eclipse_of_December_26,_2019" title="Solar eclipse of December 26, 2019">solar eclipse</a> is visible from South Asia. This is a part of <a href="/wiki/Solar_Saros_132" title="Solar Saros 132">Saros 132</a>.<a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a> – Corporate defaults on corporate bonds in China reach a new record.<a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a><a href="#cite_note-j939-328">[328]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Encyclopedic_content" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">importance?</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_28" title="December 28">December 28</a> – A <a href="/wiki/December_2019_Mogadishu_bombing" title="December 2019 Mogadishu bombing">truck bomb</a> attributed to <a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">al-Shabaab</a> kills at least 78 and wounds 125 in <a href="/wiki/Mogadishu" title="Mogadishu">Mogadishu, Somalia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_29" title="December 29">December 29</a> <ul><li>A report by the Multi-Sector Epidemic Response Committee (CMRE) indicates that 2,231 people have died so far in the <a href="/wiki/Kivu_Ebola_epidemic" title="Kivu Ebola epidemic">2018–20 Kivu Ebola epidemic</a> in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.<a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a>'s ruling council agrees to a temporary cease-fire in Afghanistan, opening a door to a peace agreement with the United States.<a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_30" title="December 30">December 30</a> – Chinese authorities announce that <a href="/wiki/He_Jiankui" title="He Jiankui">He Jiankui</a>, who claimed to have created the world's <a href="/wiki/He_Jiankui_affair" title="He Jiankui affair">first genetically edited human babies</a>, has been sentenced to three years in prison and fined 3 million yuan (US$430,000) for his genetic research efforts.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-20191230-332">[332]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNN-20191230-333">[333]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_31" title="December 31">December 31</a> <ul><li>Iraqi militiamen and protesters <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_attack_on_the_United_States_embassy_in_Baghdad" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 attack on the United States embassy in Baghdad">breach</a> the front gate checkpoint of the <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_Baghdad" title="Embassy of the United States, Baghdad">United States embassy in Baghdad</a> following a U.S. <a href="/wiki/2019_United_States_bombing_of_Kata%27ib_Hizbollah" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 United States bombing of Kata'ib Hizbollah">military operation</a> that targeted an Iraqi militia on December 29.<a href="#cite_note-334">[334]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>: First official reports of "viral pneumonia" from the <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a> Municipal Health Commission.<a href="#cite_note-335">[335]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births_and_deaths">Births and deaths</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Births and deaths">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main pages: <a href="/wiki/Category:2019_births" title="Category:2019 births">Category:2019 births</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deaths_in_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Deaths in 2019">Deaths in 2019</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nobel_Prizes">Nobel Prizes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Nobel Prizes">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_medal.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobel medal"><img alt="Nobel medal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Nobel_medal.png/120px-Nobel_medal.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Nobel_medal.png/180px-Nobel_medal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Nobel_medal.png/240px-Nobel_medal.png 2x" data-file-width="1013" data-file-height="1013" /></a><figcaption>Nobel medal</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">John B. Goodenough</a>, <a href="/wiki/M._Stanley_Whittingham" title="M. Stanley Whittingham">M. Stanley Whittingham</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Akira Yoshino</a><a href="#cite_note-Nobel-336">[336]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economics</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit Banerjee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo">Esther Duflo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kremer" title="Michael Kremer">Michael Kremer</a><a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Handke" title="Peter Handke">Peter Handke</a><a href="#cite_note-338">[338]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Abiy Ahmed</a><a href="#cite_note-339">[339]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jim_Peebles" title="Jim Peebles">James Peebles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Michel Mayor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Didier_Queloz" title="Didier Queloz">Didier Queloz</a><a href="#cite_note-340">[340]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Kaelin_Jr." title="William Kaelin Jr.">William Kaelin Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Ratcliffe" title="Peter J. Ratcliffe">Peter J. Ratcliffe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gregg_L._Semenza" title="Gregg L. Semenza">Gregg L. Semenza</a><a href="#cite_note-341">[341]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:IPhone_5.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/IPhone_5.svg/13px-IPhone_5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/IPhone_5.svg/20px-IPhone_5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/IPhone_5.svg/26px-IPhone_5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2182" data-file-height="4578" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:2010s" title="Portal:2010s">2010s portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_International_observances#Years" class="mw-redirect" title="List of International observances">List of international years</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overviews">Overviews</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Overviews">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_national_electoral_calendar" title="2019 national electoral calendar">2019 national electoral calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_United_States_elections" title="2019 United States elections">2019 United States elections</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Specific_events_and_situations">Specific events and situations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Specific events and situations">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Venezuelan_presidential_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis">2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_against_Donald_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump">Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_British_prorogation_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 British prorogation controversy">2019 British prorogation controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Italian_government_crisis" title="2019 Italian government crisis">2019 Italian government crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conte_II_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Conte II Cabinet">Conte II Cabinet</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output 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January 7, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230529034233/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-46779854">Archived</a> from the original on May 29, 2023. Retrieved July 3, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Gabon+coup+attempt%3A+Government+says+situation+under+control&rft.date=2019-01-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-46779854&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.semana.com/mundo/articulo/juan-guaido-esta-dispuesto-a-asumir-como-presidente-interino-en-venezuela/597392">"¿Venezuela tiene un presidente interino?"</a>. Semana. January 11, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190113034622/https://www.semana.com/mundo/articulo/juan-guaido-esta-dispuesto-a-asumir-como-presidente-interino-en-venezuela/597392">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2019. Retrieved January 13, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Semana&rft.atitle=%C2%BFVenezuela+tiene+un+presidente+interino%3F&rft.date=2019-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.semana.com%2Fmundo%2Farticulo%2Fjuan-guaido-esta-dispuesto-a-asumir-como-presidente-interino-en-venezuela%2F597392&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/world/2019/1/23/18194881/venezuela-maduro-diplomats-trump-guaido">"Venezuelan President Maduro is severing diplomatic ties with the US"</a>. January 23, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190124015330/https://www.vox.com/world/2019/1/23/18194881/venezuela-maduro-diplomats-trump-guaido">Archived</a> from the original on January 24, 2019. Retrieved January 23, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Venezuelan+President+Maduro+is+severing+diplomatic+ties+with+the+US&rft.date=2019-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2F1%2F23%2F18194881%2Fvenezuela-maduro-diplomats-trump-guaido&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-48935651">"Brazil's Vale ordered to pay compensation for dam disaster"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. July 10, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190823142336/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-48935651">Archived</a> from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved August 9, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Brazil%27s+Vale+ordered+to+pay+compensation+for+dam+disaster&rft.date=2019-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-latin-america-48935651&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-47036515">"US files charges against China's Huawei and CFO Meng Wanzhou"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. January 28, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190128215821/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-47036515">Archived</a> from the original on January 28, 2019. Retrieved January 28, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=US+files+charges+against+China%27s+Huawei+and+CFO+Meng+Wanzhou&rft.date=2019-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-47036515&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/01/inf-donald-trump-confirms-us-withdrawal-nuclear-treaty">"Donald Trump confirms US withdrawal from INF nuclear treaty"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. February 1, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190201184127/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/01/inf-donald-trump-confirms-us-withdrawal-nuclear-treaty">Archived</a> from the original on February 1, 2019. Retrieved February 1, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+confirms+US+withdrawal+from+INF+nuclear+treaty&rft.date=2019-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Ffeb%2F01%2Finf-donald-trump-confirms-us-withdrawal-nuclear-treaty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-47101429">"INF nuclear treaty: Russia follows US in suspending pact"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. February 2, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190202100827/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-47101429">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2019. Retrieved February 2, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=INF+nuclear+treaty%3A+Russia+follows+US+in+suspending+pact&rft.date=2019-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-47101429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/03/world/middleeast/pope-francis-uae-mideast-muslims.html">"Pope Francis Makes 'Historic' Gulf Tour Amid Yemen Crisis and Christian Repression"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. February 3, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190204175443/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/03/world/middleeast/pope-francis-uae-mideast-muslims.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 4, 2019. Retrieved February 5, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Pope+Francis+Makes+%27Historic%27+Gulf+Tour+Amid+Yemen+Crisis+and+Christian+Repression&rft.date=2019-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F02%2F03%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fpope-francis-uae-mideast-muslims.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-47113249">"El Salvador election: Nayib Bukele claims presidency"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. February 4, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309112718/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-47113249">Archived</a> from the original on March 9, 2022. Retrieved March 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=El+Salvador+election%3A+Nayib+Bukele+claims+presidency&rft.date=2019-02-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-latin-america-47113249&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190207173727/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2019/02/07/hungarys-democracy-just-got-a-failing-grade/">"Hungary is now only a 'partly free' country"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. February 7, 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2019/02/07/hungarys-democracy-just-got-a-failing-grade/">the original</a> on February 7, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Hungary+is+now+only+a+%27partly+free%27+country&rft.date=2019-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fmonkey-cage%2Fwp%2F2019%2F02%2F07%2Fhungarys-democracy-just-got-a-failing-grade%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20191122073156/https://www.serbianmonitor.com/en/freedom-house-serbia-lost-free-state-status/">"Freedom House: Serbia lost its free state status"</a>. February 6, 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.serbianmonitor.com/en/freedom-house-serbia-lost-free-state-status/">the original</a> on November 22, 2019. Retrieved December 10, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Freedom+House%3A+Serbia+lost+its+free+state+status&rft.date=2019-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.serbianmonitor.com%2Fen%2Ffreedom-house-serbia-lost-free-state-status%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-47193837">"Deadly protests hit Haiti capital"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. February 11, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190926235139/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-47193837">Archived</a> from the original on September 26, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Deadly+protests+hit+Haiti+capital&rft.date=2019-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-latin-america-47193837&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2019/02/13/europe/north-macedonia-name-change-intl/index.html">"Macedonia officially changes name to North Macedonia, drawing line under bitter dispute"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. February 13, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200501154616/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/02/13/europe/north-macedonia-name-change-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2020. Retrieved February 13, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Macedonia+officially+changes+name+to+North+Macedonia%2C+drawing+line+under+bitter+dispute&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2019-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2019%2F02%2F13%2Feurope%2Fnorth-macedonia-name-change-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/22/israel-first-lunar-lander-blasts-into-space-florida-spacex-beresheet">"Israeli company sends world's first privately funded mission to moon"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. February 22, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190222063447/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/22/israel-first-lunar-lander-blasts-into-space-florida-spacex-beresheet">Archived</a> from the original on February 22, 2019. Retrieved February 22, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Israeli+company+sends+world%27s+first+privately+funded+mission+to+moon&rft.date=2019-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Ffeb%2F22%2Fisrael-first-lunar-lander-blasts-into-space-florida-spacex-beresheet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/venezuela-s-maduro-cuts-ties-colombia-amid-border-conflict-n974991">"Venezuela's Maduro cuts ties with Colombia amid border conflict"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. 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Retrieved February 23, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Venezuela%27s+Maduro+cuts+ties+with+Colombia+amid+border+conflict&rft.date=2019-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fvenezuela-s-maduro-cuts-ties-colombia-amid-border-conflict-n974991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-f0b25208-4a1d-4068-a204-940cbe88d1d3">"Nigeria Presidential Elections Results 2019 - BBC News"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201104082004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-f0b25208-4a1d-4068-a204-940cbe88d1d3">Archived</a> from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved March 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Nigeria+Presidential+Elections+Results+2019+-+BBC+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fresources%2Fidt-f0b25208-4a1d-4068-a204-940cbe88d1d3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cuba-constitution-referendum-idUSKCN1QE22Y">"Cubans overwhelmingly ratify new socialist constitution"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. February 25, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200621001022/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cuba-constitution-referendum-idUSKCN1QE22Y">Archived</a> from the original on June 21, 2020. Retrieved March 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Cubans+overwhelmingly+ratify+new+socialist+constitution&rft.date=2019-02-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-cuba-constitution-referendum-idUSKCN1QE22Y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://a.cec.md/ro/cu-privire-la-totalizarea-rezultatelor-alegerilor-parlamentului-republicii-moldo-2751_92705.html">"cu privire la totalizarea rezultatelor alegerilor Parlamentului Republicii Moldova în circumscripția națională și circumscripțiile uninominale din 24 februarie 2019"</a>. a.cec.md (in Romanian). March 3, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190713152309/https://a.cec.md/ro/cu-privire-la-totalizarea-rezultatelor-alegerilor-parlamentului-republicii-moldo-2751_92705.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 13, 2019. 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Retrieved April 15, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Notre+Dame+fire%3A+major+incident+at+historic+Paris+landmark&rft.date=2019-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Fapr%2F15%2Fnotre-dame-fire-paris-france-cathedral&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-47941794">"Notre-Dame cathedral: Firefighters tackle blaze in Paris"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. April 15, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200221164814/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-47941794">Archived</a> from the original on February 21, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Notre-Dame+cathedral%3A+Firefighters+tackle+blaze+in+Paris&rft.date=2019-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-47941794&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-66"><a href="#cite_ref-auto_66-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/apr/22/canada-avalanche-bodies-of-three-renowned-mountaineers-found">"Canada avalanche: bodies of three renowned mountaineers found"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Agence France-Presse. April 22, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190605163859/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/apr/22/canada-avalanche-bodies-of-three-renowned-mountaineers-found">Archived</a> from the original on June 5, 2019. Retrieved May 10, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Canada+avalanche%3A+bodies+of+three+renowned+mountaineers+found&rft.date=2019-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Fapr%2F22%2Fcanada-avalanche-bodies-of-three-renowned-mountaineers-found&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehimalayantimes.com/kathmandu/nepalisat-1-to-be-launched-tomorrow/">"NepaliSat-1 to be launched tomorrow"</a>. The Himalayan Times. April 17, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190418084916/https://thehimalayantimes.com/kathmandu/nepalisat-1-to-be-launched-tomorrow/">Archived</a> from the original on April 18, 2019. 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Retrieved April 18, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kathmandupost.ekantipur.com&rft.atitle=Nepal%27s+first+ever+satellite+launched+into+space&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkathmandupost.ekantipur.com%2Fnews%2F2019-04-18%2Fnepals-first-ever-satellite-launched-into-space.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/world/asia/scores-hurt-in-sri-lanka-easter-church-bombings-20190421-p51fyn.html">"Hundreds killed, 450 injured as explosions rock Catholic churches during Easter mass"</a>. The Sydney Morning Herald. 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Retrieved April 22, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Hundreds+killed%2C+450+injured+as+explosions+rock+Catholic+churches+during+Easter+mass&rft.date=2019-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fscores-hurt-in-sri-lanka-easter-church-bombings-20190421-p51fyn.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-48007487">"Ukraine election: Comedian Zelensky wins presidency by landslide"</a>. BBC News. April 21, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190421173305/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-48007487">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2019. Retrieved October 14, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ukraine+election%3A+Comedian+Zelensky+wins+presidency+by+landslide&rft.date=2019-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-48007487&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/29951792.html">"Ukraine's New President Vows To Dissolve Parliament As PM, Other Key Officials Resign"</a>. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 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April 24, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230408105123/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-48047279">Archived</a> from the original on April 8, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Vladimir+Putin+and+Kim+Jong-un+hold+Vladivostok+summit&rft.date=2019-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-48047279&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fivedeeps.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/FDE-Challenger-Release-FINAL-5132019.pdf">"Deepest Submarine Dive in History, Five Deeps Expedition Conquers Challenger Deep"</a> (PDF). Five Deeps. 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Retrieved May 13, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Deepest+Submarine+Dive+in+History%2C+Five+Deeps+Expedition+Conquers+Challenger+Deep&rft.pub=Five+Deeps&rft.date=2019-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffivedeeps.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F05%2FFDE-Challenger-Release-FINAL-5132019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2019/04/isil-chief-abu-bakr-al-baghdadi-appears-propaganda-video-190429163448332.html">"ISIL chief Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi appears in propaganda video"</a>. 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Retrieved May 27, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Peri%C3%B3dico&rft.atitle=Al+menos+29+presos+muertos+en+un+mot%C3%ADn+en+una+c%C3%A1rcel+en+Venezuela&rft.date=2019-05-24&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=Abel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elperiodico.com%2Fes%2Finternacional%2F20190524%2Fpresos-muertos-motin-carcel-venezolana-7472492&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-violence-prisons-idUSKCN1SX1WM">"At least 40 inmates strangled to death in Amazon prison gang clashes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. May 28, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190629003436/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-violence-prisons-idUSKCN1SX1WM">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2019. Retrieved May 28, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=At+least+40+inmates+strangled+to+death+in+Amazon+prison+gang+clashes&rft.date=2019-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-brazil-violence-prisons-idUSKCN1SX1WM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apnews.com/aca0f0570d7346c18092b1ee42a62c74">"The Latest: Trump to meet Japan's emperor, talk with Abe"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. May 26, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190527232927/https://apnews.com/aca0f0570d7346c18092b1ee42a62c74">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2019. Retrieved May 27, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=The+Latest%3A+Trump+to+meet+Japan%27s+emperor%2C+talk+with+Abe&rft.date=2019-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnews.com%2Faca0f0570d7346c18092b1ee42a62c74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48368443">"Liverpool beat Spurs to win Champions League"</a>. BBC Sport. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190905112812/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48368443">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2019. Retrieved April 9, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Sport&rft.atitle=Liverpool+beat+Spurs+to+win+Champions+League&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport%2Ffootball%2F48368443&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://people.com/royals/spain-king-juan-carlos-retires-5-years-after-abdication">"Spain's Former King to Retire After Abdicating So Son Wouldn't 'Wither Waiting' Like Prince Charles"</a>. <a href="/wiki/People_(magazine)" title="People (magazine)">People</a>. May 28, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190602122721/https://people.com/royals/spain-king-juan-carlos-retires-5-years-after-abdication/">Archived</a> from the original on June 2, 2019. 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June 2, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190607083641/https://www.euronews.com/2019/06/04/san-marino-bans-discrimination-based-on-sexual-orientation">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2019. Retrieved December 7, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Euronews&rft.atitle=San+Marino+bans+discrimination+based+on+sexual+orientation&rft.date=2019-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2019%2F06%2F04%2Fsan-marino-bans-discrimination-based-on-sexual-orientation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apnews.com/0ac7ade78e1345489864d4aaa6701f3f">"35 dead as Sudan troops move against democracy protesters"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. June 3, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221219161644/https://apnews.com/0ac7ade78e1345489864d4aaa6701f3f">Archived</a> from the original on December 19, 2022. Retrieved December 7, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=35+dead+as+Sudan+troops+move+against+democracy+protesters&rft.date=2019-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnews.com%2F0ac7ade78e1345489864d4aaa6701f3f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/trump-uk-visit-2019-gbr-intl/index.html">"President Trump's UK state visit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. June 3, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129175154/https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/trump-uk-visit-2019-gbr-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 29, 2023. Retrieved December 7, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=President+Trump%27s+UK+state+visit&rft.date=2019-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2Fpolitics%2Flive-news%2Ftrump-uk-visit-2019-gbr-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2019/06/05/730057519/chinese-president-xi-jinping-arrives-in-russia-greeted-by-putin">"Chinese President Xi Jinping Arrives In Russia, Greeted By Putin"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. 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June 6, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230907114028/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-48545543">Archived</a> from the original on September 7, 2023. Retrieved December 7, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Sudan+crisis%3A+African+Union+membership+suspended&rft.date=2019-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-48545543&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hongkongfp.com/2019/06/09/just-no-china-extradition-tens-thousands-hong-kong-protest-controversial-new-law/">"Over a million attend Hong Kong demo against controversial extradition law, organisers say"</a>. Hong Kong Free Press. 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June 10, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190611130630/https://thewest.com.au/news/asia/indonesias-mt-sinabung-spews-ash-smoke-ng-b881226572z">Archived</a> from the original on June 11, 2019. Retrieved June 12, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+West+Australian&rft.atitle=Indonesia%27s+Mt+Sinabung+spews+ash%2C+smoke&rft.date=2019-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthewest.com.au%2Fnews%2Fasia%2Findonesias-mt-sinabung-spews-ash-smoke-ng-b881226572z&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/sinabung/news/81313/Sinabung-Volcano-Volcanic-Ash-Advisory-ONGOING-HIGH-LEVEL-ERUPTION.html">"Sinabung Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: ONGOING HIGH LEVEL ERUPTION"</a>. www.volcanodiscovery.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190609135755/https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/sinabung/news/81313/Sinabung-Volcano-Volcanic-Ash-Advisory-ONGOING-HIGH-LEVEL-ERUPTION.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 9, 2019. Retrieved June 12, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.volcanodiscovery.com&rft.atitle=Sinabung+Volcano+Volcanic+Ash+Advisory%3A+ONGOING+HIGH+LEVEL+ERUPTION.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.volcanodiscovery.com%2Fsinabung%2Fnews%2F81313%2FSinabung-Volcano-Volcanic-Ash-Advisory-ONGOING-HIGH-LEVEL-ERUPTION.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-48594162">"Botswana decriminalises homosexuality"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. June 11, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190613074322/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-48594162">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2019. Retrieved December 7, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Botswana+decriminalises+homosexuality&rft.date=2019-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-48594162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://metro.co.uk/2019/06/13/ecuador-legalises-sex-marriage-9933174/">"Ecuador legalises same-sex marriage"</a>. Metro. 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June 12, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190612055957/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/06/12/asia/hk-protests-extradition-intl-hnk/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2019. Retrieved June 12, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hong+Kong+police+declare+China+extradition+protest+%27a+riot%27+as+rubber+bullets+and+tear+gas+fired+at+crowd&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2019-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2019%2F06%2F12%2Fasia%2Fhk-protests-extradition-intl-hnk%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJim2019" class="citation news cs1">Jim, James Pomfret (June 12, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hongkong-extradition/hong-kong-police-fire-rubber-bullets-as-protests-turn-to-violent-chaos-idUSKCN1TC1WR">"Hong Kong police fire rubber bullets as extradition bill protests turn to chaos"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190612083615/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hongkong-extradition/hong-kong-police-fire-rubber-bullets-as-protests-turn-to-violent-chaos-idUSKCN1TC1WR">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2019. Retrieved June 12, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong+police+fire+rubber+bullets+as+extradition+bill+protests+turn+to+chaos&rft.date=2019-06-12&rft.aulast=Jim&rft.aufirst=James+Pomfret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-hongkong-extradition%2Fhong-kong-police-fire-rubber-bullets-as-protests-turn-to-violent-chaos-idUSKCN1TC1WR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPérez-PeñaReedKirkpatrick2019" class="citation news cs1">Pérez-Peña, Richard; Reed, Stanley; Kirkpatrick, David D. 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Retrieved June 17, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong+extradition+bill%3A+Hundreds+of+thousands+join+third+huge+protest+in+a+week&rft.date=2019-06-16&rft.au=James+Griffiths%2C+Helen+Regan+and+Eric+Cheung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2019%2F06%2F16%2Fasia%2Fhong-kong-protest-carrie-lam-china-extradition-intl-hnk%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-48652686">"Electrical failure cuts power to all of Argentina and Uruguay, supplier says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. June 16, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190616112305/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-48652686">Archived</a> from the original on June 16, 2019. Retrieved June 16, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Electrical+failure+cuts+power+to+all+of+Argentina+and+Uruguay%2C+supplier+says&rft.date=2019-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-latin-america-48652686&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-48671319">"US boosts Middle East troops amid Iran tensions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. June 18, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619180343/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-48671319">Archived</a> from the original on June 19, 2019. Retrieved June 18, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=US+boosts+Middle+East+troops+amid+Iran+tensions&rft.date=2019-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-48671319&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-48691488">"MH17: Four charged with shooting down plane over Ukraine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. June 19, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619113058/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-48691488">Archived</a> from the original on June 19, 2019. 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June 21, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200724161351/https://www.cnn.com/2019/06/20/asia/xi-kim-north-korea-china-intl-hnk/index.html?no-st=1561594115">Archived</a> from the original on July 24, 2020. 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Retrieved December 7, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=reuters.com&rft.atitle=Trump+sets+foot+in+north+korea%3B+Kim+visits+Freedom+House&rft.date=2019-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-northkorea-usa%2Ftrump-sets-foot-in-north-korea-agrees-with-kim-to-resume-talks-idUSKCN1TV00R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/08/190815130854.htm">"July 2019 was hottest month on record for the planet"</a>. Science Daily. 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July 1, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190701041833/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-48821797">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2019. 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Buenos Aires. November 10, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211207230651/https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2019/11/10/bolivia-adriana-salvatierra-la-jefa-del-senado-tambien-renuncio-y-sigue-la-incertidumbre-sobre-quien-asumira-la-presidencia/">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2021. 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La Paz. November 12, 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2019/11/12/con-evo-en-mexico-en-ausencia-del-mas-jeanine-anez-asume-la-presidencia-237216.html">the original</a> on December 8, 2021. Retrieved February 4, 2022. <q>... según el documento leído por Áñez, 'constituye un abandono material de sus funciones ...'. En ausencia de ambos exmandatarios, el caso 'obliga a activar la sucesión presidencial ...'. 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November 24, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191128015520/http://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/congo-23-morts-dans-le-crash-au-decollage-d-un-avion-sur-un-quartier-de-goma-24-11-2019-8200515.php">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2019. Retrieved November 25, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=RDC+%3A+un+avion+s%27%C3%A9crase+au+d%C3%A9collage+sur+un+quartier+de+Goma%2C+29+morts&rft.date=2019-11-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leparisien.fr%2Ffaits-divers%2Fcongo-23-morts-dans-le-crash-au-decollage-d-un-avion-sur-un-quartier-de-goma-24-11-2019-8200515.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/nov/25/climate-heating-greenhouse-gases-hit-new-high-un-reports">"Climate-heating greenhouse gases hit new high, UN reports"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 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Retrieved December 5, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=Chile%3A+Police+Reforms+Needed+in+the+Wake+of+Protests&rft.date=2019-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2019%2F11%2F26%2Fchile-police-reforms-needed-wake-protests&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191205195457/https://www.sun-sentinel.com/sns-bc-lt--chile-protests-20191121-story.html">"Amnesty reports violations by Chile's security forces"</a>. sun-sentinel.com. 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Retrieved December 5, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Speaker+Pelosi+asks+House+to+draft+articles+of+impeachment+against+President+Trump&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FPolitics%2Fpelosi-make-formal-statement-impeachment-inquiry%2Fstory%3Fid%3D67514548&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWamsley2019" class="citation news cs1">Wamsley, Laurel (December 8, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2019/12/08/786066785/43-dead-in-extremely-horrific-fire-at-new-delhi-factory">"43 Dead In 'Extremely Horrific' Fire At New Delhi Factory"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191208190327/https://www.npr.org/2019/12/08/786066785/43-dead-in-extremely-horrific-fire-at-new-delhi-factory">Archived</a> from the original on December 8, 2019. Retrieved December 8, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=43+Dead+In+%27Extremely+Horrific%27+Fire+At+New+Delhi+Factory&rft.date=2019-12-08&rft.aulast=Wamsley&rft.aufirst=Laurel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2019%2F12%2F08%2F786066785%2F43-dead-in-extremely-horrific-fire-at-new-delhi-factory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2019/dec/09/russia-banned-from-tokyo-olympics-and-football-world-cup">"Russia banned from Tokyo Olympics and football World Cup"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. December 9, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191209155622/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2019/dec/09/russia-banned-from-tokyo-olympics-and-football-world-cup">Archived</a> from the original on December 9, 2019. Retrieved December 9, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Russia+banned+from+Tokyo+Olympics+and+football+World+Cup&rft.date=2019-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsport%2F2019%2Fdec%2F09%2Frussia-banned-from-tokyo-olympics-and-football-world-cup&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20thDeath-301"><a href="#cite_ref-20thDeath_301-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/another-person-dies-injuries-whakaari-white-island-eruption-bringing-death-toll-20">"Another person dies of injuries from Whakaari /White Island eruption, bringing death toll to 20"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TVNZ" title="TVNZ">TVNZ</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200112230730/https://www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/another-person-dies-injuries-whakaari-white-island-eruption-bringing-death-toll-20">Archived</a> from the original on January 12, 2020. Retrieved January 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Another+person+dies+of+injuries+from+Whakaari+%2FWhite+Island+eruption%2C+bringing+death+toll+to+20&rft.pub=TVNZ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvnz.co.nz%2Fone-news%2Fnew-zealand%2Fanother-person-dies-injuries-whakaari-white-island-eruption-bringing-death-toll-20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/dec/22/new-zealand-volcano-death-toll-rises-to-19">"New Zealand volcano eruption: death toll rises to 19"</a>. 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Retrieved December 23, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+Zealand+volcano+eruption%3A+death+toll+rises+to+19&rft.date=2019-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Fdec%2F22%2Fnew-zealand-volcano-death-toll-rises-to-19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-50723907">"Antarctica-bound plane missing with 38 on board"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. December 10, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200820141304/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-50723907">Archived</a> from the original on August 20, 2020. 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2019</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="January 2019">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="February 2019">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="March 2019">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="April 2019">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2019">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="June 2019">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="July 2019">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="August 2019">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="September 2019">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="October 2019">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="November 2019">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="December 2019">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2018" class="mw-redirect" title="January 2018">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2018" class="mw-redirect" title="February 2018">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2018" class="mw-redirect" title="March 2018">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2018" class="mw-redirect" title="April 2018">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2018" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2018">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2018" class="mw-redirect" title="June 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