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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Magnus Gustav von Essen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnus_Gustav_von_Essen" title="Magnus Gustav von Essen – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Magnus Gustav von Essen" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Nikola%C3%AFevitch_Essen" title="Ivan Nikolaïevitch Essen – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ivan Nikolaïevitch Essen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Nikolaevi%C4%8D_%C4%96ssen" title="Ivan Nikolaevič Ėssen – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ivan Nikolaevič Ėssen" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnuss_Gustavs_fon_Esens" title="Magnuss Gustavs fon Esens – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Magnuss Gustavs fon Esens" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%DA%A4%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86" title="ايڤان اسين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايڤان اسين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Magnus_von_Essen" title="Johann Magnus von Essen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Johann Magnus von Essen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwan_Essen" title="Iwan Essen – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Iwan Essen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Эссен, Иван Николаевич – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эссен, Иван Николаевич" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Nikolajevi%C4%8D_Essen" title="Ivan Nikolajevič Essen – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ivan Nikolajevič Essen" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Essen" title="Ivan Essen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ivan Essen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Nikolayevich_Essen" title="Ivan Nikolayevich Essen – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ivan Nikolayevich Essen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2996594#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Gustav_von_Essen" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Magnus_Gustav_von_Essen" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Magnus Gustav von Essen</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Essen_Ivan_N.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Essen_Ivan_N.jpg/220px-Essen_Ivan_N.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Essen_Ivan_N.jpg/330px-Essen_Ivan_N.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Essen_Ivan_N.jpg/440px-Essen_Ivan_N.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1656" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: 100%">Portrait of Essen by <a href="/wiki/George_Dawe" title="George Dawe">George Dawe</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">30 September [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 19] 1759<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalvi_Manor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalvi Manor (page does not exist)">Pöddes Manor</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalvi_m%C3%B5is" class="extiw" title="et:Kalvi mõis">et</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Kalvi" title="Kalvi">Pöddes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kreis_Wierland" class="mw-redirect" title="Kreis Wierland">Kreis Wierland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Estonia" title="Governorate of Estonia">Governorate of Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a><br />(in present-day Kalvi, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne-Viru_County" title="Lääne-Viru County">Lääne-Viru County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">20 July [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 8] 1813 (aged 53)<br /><a href="/wiki/Baldone" title="Baldone">Baldohn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bauske_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Bauske County">Bauske County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Courland_Governorate" title="Courland Governorate">Courland Governorate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a><br />(in present-day <a href="/wiki/Baldone_Municipality" title="Baldone Municipality">Baldone Municipality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general" title="Lieutenant general">lieutenant general</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Second_Coalition" title="War of the Second Coalition">War of the Second Coalition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alkmaar_(1799)" title="Battle of Alkmaar (1799)">Battle of Alkmaar</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fourth_Coalition" title="War of the Fourth Coalition">War of the Fourth Coalition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Friedland" title="Battle of Friedland">Battle of Friedland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wounded_in_action" title="Wounded in action"><abbr title="Wounded in action">WIA</abbr></a>)</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">Patriotic War of 1812</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Riga_(1812)" title="Siege of Riga (1812)">Siege of Riga</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_St_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St George">Order of St George</a>, <br />4th degree</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Magnus Gustav <a href="/wiki/Essen_family" title="Essen family">von Essen</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Иван Николаевич Эссен</span>; Ivan Nikolaevich Essen; 30 September [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 19] 1759 – 20 July [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 8] 1813) was a <a href="/wiki/Baltic_German" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltic German">Baltic German</a> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general" title="Lieutenant general">lieutenant general</a> and military governor of <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a> at the start of the <a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">Patriotic War of 1812</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnus_Gustav_von_Essen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-1812">Pre-1812</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnus_Gustav_von_Essen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pre-1812"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the <a href="/wiki/Essen_family" title="Essen family">Essen family</a> in <a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Estonia" title="Governorate of Estonia">Estonia</a>, from 1783 to 1785 he fought in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, where he was seriously injured. He fought in the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Swedish_War_(1788%E2%80%931790)" title="Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)">Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)</a> as well as Russia's 1792 and 1794 Polish campaigns. For his service at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maciejowice" title="Battle of Maciejowice">Battle of Maciejowice</a> he was awarded the 4th degree of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St George">Order of St George</a>. </p><p>In 1799 he commanded the first division in the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Russian_invasion_of_Holland" title="Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland">Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland</a> under the command of general <a href="/wiki/Johann_Hermann_von_Fersen" title="Johann Hermann von Fersen">Johann Hermann von Fersen</a>. From 1802 he was the military governor of <a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a>. He then fought in the 1807 war against Napoleon, being seriously wounded at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Friedland" title="Battle of Friedland">Friedland</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1812">1812</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnus_Gustav_von_Essen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1812"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Riga_(1812)" title="Siege of Riga (1812)">Siege of Riga (1812)</a></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Patriotic_War_of_1812" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriotic War of 1812">Patriotic War of 1812</a> he served as Military Governor of Riga in place of <a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Lobanov-Rostovsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimitri Lobanov-Rostovsky">Dimitri Lobanov-Rostovsky</a> and was forced to set fire to Riga's suburbs as soon as the enemy captured their outermost edge. After unsuccessful attempts to stop the Prussians at a distance from the city and unsuccessfully fighting to save <a href="/wiki/Iecava" title="Iecava">Iecava</a>, he ordered the burning of the suburbs but because of a strong wind the fire got out of control and thousands of city residents were left homeless.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Towards autumn the war changed direction. The Prussian corps became overextended, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Macdonald" title="Étienne Macdonald">Macdonald</a> remained inactive, a Russian successes was won by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Wittgenstein" title="Peter Wittgenstein">Peter Wittgenstein</a> at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Polotsk_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Battle of Polotsk (disambiguation)">Polotsk</a>, Napoleon began a general retreat and <a href="/wiki/Fabian_Steinheil" title="Fabian Steinheil">Fabian Steinheil</a> arrived in Riga - all these circumstances brought Essen to the top of the pile, but due to mismanagement the Russians were unable to capitalise on these victories and suffered heavy losses in several battles. In October Essen was replaced in his post by General <a href="/wiki/Philip_Osipovich_Paulucci" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Osipovich Paulucci">Paulucci</a> and filed his resignation. </p><p>Essen then went for a long course of treatment at the <a href="/wiki/Baldone" title="Baldone">Baldone</a> sulphur baths near Riga, where he drowned on 23 August 1813 while swimming. According to one version of events, he committed suicide on the anniversary of the firing of the Riga suburbs.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnus_Gustav_von_Essen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His father was Claus Gustav von Essen, a statesman, and his mother was Magdalena Elisabeth von Stackelberg. Essen married Margaretha von Stackelberg in 1796, they had a daughter, Elisabeth Anna Dorothea, who was married to the Russian general <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Magnus_von_der_Pahlen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Magnus von der Pahlen (page does not exist)">Carl Magnus von der Pahlen</a> (<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Пален, Матвей Иванович">ru</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_fiction">In fiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnus_Gustav_von_Essen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He is portrayed in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Commodore" title="The Commodore">The Commodore</a></i>, novel of the <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Hornblower" title="Horatio Hornblower">Horatio Hornblower</a> series. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnus_Gustav_von_Essen&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> personal names, <i><a href="/wiki/Von" title="Von">von</a></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Preposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Preposition">preposition</a> which approximately means 'of' or 'from' and usually denotes some sort of <a href="/wiki/German_nobility" title="German nobility">nobility</a>. While <i>von</i> (always lower case) is part of the family name or territorial designation, not a first or middle name, if the noble is referred to by their last name, use <i><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Schiller</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Clausewitz" title="Carl von Clausewitz">Clausewitz</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a></i>, not <i>von Schiller</i>, etc.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There is an erroneous myth that the Riga suburb was burned due to a herd of cows. At the core of this myth was a real event - when Major Apushkina saw a dust cloud on the road to <a href="/wiki/Mitava" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitava">Mitava</a> and, thinking it was the French on their way, set fire to the bridge at <a href="/wiki/Dobele" title="Dobele">Dobele</a> (though this story is not relevant to the outskirts of Riga).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVolz" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Volz, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220122002341/https://g-schichten.de/%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0-%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0/">"Тауроген – Победа разума. – G-SCHICHTEN"</a> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://g-schichten.de/%d1%82%d0%b0%d1%83%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b3%d0%b5%d0%bd-%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%b1%d0%b5%d0%b4%d0%b0-%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b7%d1%83%d0%bc%d0%b0/">the original</a> on 2022-01-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD+%E2%80%93+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.+%E2%80%93+G-SCHICHTEN&rft.aulast=Volz&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fg-schichten.de%2F%25d1%2582%25d0%25b0%25d1%2583%25d1%2580%25d0%25be%25d0%25b3%25d0%25b5%25d0%25bd-%25d0%25bf%25d0%25be%25d0%25b1%25d0%25b5%25d0%25b4%25d0%25b0-%25d1%2580%25d0%25b0%25d0%25b7%25d1%2583%25d0%25bc%25d0%25b0%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagnus+Gustav+von+Essen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brdn.ru/person/570.html">"Эссен Иван Николаевич (Магнус Густав) / Персоны / Война 1812 года. Биографический справочник"</a>. <i>www.brdn.ru</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.brdn.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+%28%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%81+%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%29+%2F+%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B+%2F+%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0+1812+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.+%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brdn.ru%2Fperson%2F570.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagnus+Gustav+von+Essen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071216120331/http://www.aval.ru/slovo.nsf/327532c068caece6c3256b3d0044a496/7E78DEB5781DD620C3256E540046C2CF">"Статья - 8"</a>. 2007-12-16. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aval.ru/slovo.nsf/327532c068caece6c3256b3d0044a496/7E78DEB5781DD620C3256E540046C2CF">the original</a> on 16 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8F+-+8&rft.date=2007-12-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aval.ru%2Fslovo.nsf%2F327532c068caece6c3256b3d0044a496%2F7E78DEB5781DD620C3256E540046C2CF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagnus+Gustav+von+Essen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnus_Gustav_von_Essen&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museum.ru/museum/1812/Persons/slovar/sl_ye10.html">Dictionary of Russian generals, members of hostilities against the army of Napoleon Bonaparte in the 1812-1815 war.</a> / / The Russian archive: Sat. — М .: студия «ТРИТЭ» Н.Михалкова, 1996. - M.: Studio «TRITE» N. Mikhalkov, 1996. — Т. VII. - Vol VII. — С. 630-631. - S. 630-631.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/6265153954928405680006">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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