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<span>Classification</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Classification-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Classification subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Northern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Northern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coastal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coastal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Coastal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coastal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Group of Lowland East Cushitic languages of East Africa</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Somali_language" title="Somali language">Somali language</a> or <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Somalia" title="Languages of Somalia">Languages of Somalia</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:22em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #faecc8;">Somali</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Geographic<br />distribution</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data">27 million (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-Somali_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Somali-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Linguistic classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afro-Asiatic</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Cushitic_languages" title="Cushitic languages">Cushitic</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Lowland_East_Cushitic_languages" title="Lowland East Cushitic languages">Lowland East</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Macro-Somali_languages" title="Macro-Somali languages">Macro-Somali</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><b>Somali</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Proto-language</th><td class="infobox-data">Proto-Somali</td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subdivisions</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Somali" title="Ashraf Somali">Ashraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benadiri_Somali" title="Benadiri Somali">Benadiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maay_Maay" title="Maay Maay">Maay Maay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Somali" title="Northern Somali">Northern Somali</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #faecc8;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>None</i><br /><samp><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/east2653">east2653</a></samp>  <span class="nowrap">(East Omo–Tana (partial match))</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Somali languages</b> form a group that are part of the <a href="/wiki/Afro-Asiatic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Asiatic languages">Afro-Asiatic</a> language family. They are spoken as a mother tongue by <a href="/wiki/Somali_people" title="Somali people">ethnic Somalis</a> in <a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn of Africa</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Somali_diaspora" title="Somali diaspora">Somali diaspora</a>. Even with linguistic differences, Somalis collectively view themselves as speaking dialects of a common language.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some neighboring populations and individuals have also adopted the languages. Somali is for instance used as a second language by speakers of <a href="/wiki/Girirra_language" title="Girirra language">Girirra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somali_languages&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Somali variations form a group of <a href="/wiki/East_Cushitic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="East Cushitic languages">East Cushitic languages</a> that are part of the <a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic language</a> family. Their closest relatives are the <a href="/wiki/Aweer_language" title="Aweer language">Aweer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Garre_language" title="Garre language">Garre</a> languages, followed by <a href="/wiki/Rendille_language" title="Rendille language">Rendille</a>; this group is sometimes known as <a href="/wiki/Macro-Somali_languages" title="Macro-Somali languages">Sam</a> or Eastern Omo-Tana. Together with <a href="/wiki/Bayso_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayso language">Bayso</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Arboroid_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Arboroid languages">Arboroid languages</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Daasanach_language" title="Daasanach language">Daasanach</a>, these are known as the <a href="/wiki/Omo-Tana_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Omo-Tana languages">Omo-Tana languages</a>. A term "Somaloid" is ambiguous and has been used for either all of Omo-Tana, for the Sam group, or for a group comprising Sam and Baiso. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><b>Afroasiatic</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semitic_languages" title="Semitic languages">Semitic languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian language">Ancient Egyptian</a>, etc.</li> <li><b>Cushitic</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beja_language" title="Beja language">Beja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agaw_languages" title="Agaw languages">Agaw languages</a>, etc.</li> <li><b>East Cushitic</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Highland_East_Cushitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Highland East Cushitic">Highland East Cushitic</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lowland_East_Cushitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowland East Cushitic">Lowland East Cushitic</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oromo_language" title="Oromo language">Oromo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afar_language" title="Afar language">Afar</a>, etc.</li> <li><b>Omo-Tana languages</b> <ul><li>Arboroid languages</li> <li>Bayso</li> <li><b>Sam</b> / East Omo-Tana <ul><li>Rendille</li> <li><b>East Sam</b> <ul><li>Aweer–Garre</li> <li><i><b>Somali languages</b></i></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somali_languages&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Distribution-of-Somali-dialectals.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Distribution-of-Somali-dialectals.png/220px-Distribution-of-Somali-dialectals.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Distribution-of-Somali-dialectals.png/330px-Distribution-of-Somali-dialectals.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Distribution-of-Somali-dialectals.png/440px-Distribution-of-Somali-dialectals.png 2x" data-file-width="3591" data-file-height="4067" /></a><figcaption>Distribution of Somali dialectal groups in the Horn of Africa</figcaption></figure> <p>Somali linguistic varieties are broadly divided into three main groups: <a href="/wiki/Northern_Somali" title="Northern Somali">Northern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benadiri_Somali" title="Benadiri Somali">Benadir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maay_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Maay language">Maay</a>. Northern Somali forms the basis for Standard Somali.<sup id="cite_ref-Dalby_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalby-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most extensive publication on the subject is Marcello Lamberti's 'Die Somali-Dialekte'.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both Lamberti (1986) and Blench (2006) separate Central and Benadir into two distinct groups, Digil and Maay and Benadir and Ashraaf, respectively:<sup id="cite_ref-Shsb_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shsb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jjwns_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jjwns-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li>Somali <ul><li>Northern</li> <li>Benadir</li> <li>Ashraaf</li> <li>Maay</li> <li>Digil</li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Northern">Northern</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somali_languages&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Northern"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northern_Somali_Dialects.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Northern_Somali_Dialects.png/220px-Northern_Somali_Dialects.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Northern_Somali_Dialects.png/330px-Northern_Somali_Dialects.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Northern_Somali_Dialects.png/440px-Northern_Somali_Dialects.png 2x" data-file-width="2059" data-file-height="2169" /></a><figcaption>Northern Somali (Nsom) dialect subgroups</figcaption></figure> <p>Northern Somali is spoken by more than 70% of the entire Somali population.<sup id="cite_ref-Lamberti_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lamberti-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its primary speech area stretches from Djibouti, Somaliland and to parts of the eastern and southwestern sections of Somalia.<sup id="cite_ref-Mwv_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mwv-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This widespread modern distribution is a result of a long series of southward population movements over the past ten centuries from the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Aden" title="Gulf of Aden">Gulf of Aden</a> littoral.<sup id="cite_ref-Andrzlewis_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Andrzlewis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Northern Somali is subdivided into three dialects: Northern Somali proper (spoken in the northwest), the Darod group (spoken in the northeast and along the eastern Ethiopia frontier), and the Lower Juba group (spoken by northern Somali settlers in the southern riverine areas).<sup id="cite_ref-Lamberti_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lamberti-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Northern Somali has frequently been used by famous Somali poets as well as the political elite, and thus has the most prestige out of the Somali dialects.<sup id="cite_ref-s5_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s5-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to being wide spread, it forms the basis for Standard Somali.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the classical Somali poetry is recited and composed in the Northern Somali dialect.<sup id="cite_ref-Lamberti_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lamberti-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lamberti divides Northern Somali into three subgroups:<sup id="cite_ref-Jjwns_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jjwns-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Northern Somali proper</i>: spoken in the countries of <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Awdal" title="Awdal">Awdal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maroodi_Jeex" title="Maroodi Jeex">Maroodi Jeex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sahil,_Somaliland" title="Sahil, Somaliland">Saaxil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Togdheer" title="Togdheer">Togdheer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanaag" title="Sanaag">Sanaag</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sool,_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sool, Somalia">Sool</a>). The dialects belonging to this group are the <a href="/wiki/Issa_(clan)" title="Issa (clan)">Issa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gadabuursi" title="Gadabuursi">Gadabuursi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isaaq" title="Isaaq">Isaaq</a> and the northern Darod (<a href="/wiki/Warsangeli" class="mw-redirect" title="Warsangeli">Warsangeli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dulbahante" class="mw-redirect" title="Dulbahante">Dulbahante</a>). The greatest number of speakers overall.</li> <li><i>Darod group</i>: spoken in the regions of <a href="/wiki/Bari,_Somalia" title="Bari, Somalia">Bari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nugal,_Somalia" title="Nugal, Somalia">Nugal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mudug" title="Mudug">Mudug</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Somali_Region" title="Somali Region">Somali Region</a> of Ethiopia and along the Ethiopian border in the regions of <a href="/wiki/Galguduud" title="Galguduud">Galguduud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bakool" title="Bakool">Bakool</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gedo" title="Gedo">Gedo</a>. The dialects of this group are the North-Eastern dialects (<a href="/wiki/Majeerteen" title="Majeerteen">Majeerteen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marehan" title="Marehan">Marehan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leelkase" title="Leelkase">Leelkase</a>, <a href="/wiki/Awrtable" title="Awrtable">Awrtable</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ogaden_(clan)" title="Ogaden (clan)">Ogaden</a>).</li> <li><i>Lower Juba group</i>: spoken by the part of the Northern Somali population which have immigrated into the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Juba" title="Lower Juba">Lower Juba</a> region in the last 100/150 years. As this territory was a Benaadir-speaking area before the arrival of the immigrants from the north, the Nsom of Lower Jubba presents many peculiarities typical for the Benaadir dialects and could be considered a Benaadirised Nsom.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coastal">Coastal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somali_languages&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Coastal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Coastal Somali (also grouped as <a href="/wiki/Benadiri_Somali" title="Benadiri Somali">Benadir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ashraf_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashraf dialect">Ashraf</a>) is spoken on the <a href="/wiki/Benadir" class="mw-redirect" title="Benadir">Benadir</a> coast from <a href="/wiki/Hobyo" title="Hobyo">Hobyo</a> to south of <a href="/wiki/Merca" title="Merca">Merca</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Mogadishu" title="Mogadishu">Mogadishu</a> and in the hinterland.<sup id="cite_ref-Shsb_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shsb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li>Coastal:<sup id="cite_ref-Jjwns_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jjwns-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Benadiri <ul><li>Northern</li> <li>Southern</li></ul></li> <li>Ashraaf <ul><li>Shingani</li> <li>Lower Shabbelle</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central">Central</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somali_languages&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Central"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Central Somali (also grouped as Digil and <a href="/wiki/Maay_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Maay language">Maay</a>) is spoken in the inter-riverine regions of Somalia by the <a href="/wiki/Digil" class="mw-redirect" title="Digil">Digil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mirifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirifle">Mirifle</a> clans, collectively known as the <a href="/wiki/Rahanweyn" title="Rahanweyn">Rahanweyn</a> Somalis.<sup id="cite_ref-Shsb_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shsb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are most often described as dialects<sup id="cite_ref-Shsb_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shsb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whilst others regard them as being divergent from Somali as <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> is to <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the Central variations, <a href="/wiki/Jiiddu_language" title="Jiiddu language">Jiiddu</a> is the most incomprehensible to Benadir and Northern speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-Shsb_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shsb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li>Central:<sup id="cite_ref-Jjwns_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jjwns-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Digil <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tunni_language" title="Tunni language">Tunni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garre_language" title="Garre language">Garre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabarre_language" title="Dabarre language">Dabarre</a></li></ul></li> <li>Maay <ul><li>Northern</li> <li>Bur Hakaba</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <p>There are other languages that are spoken in Somalia which are not necessarily Afsoomali. They may be a mixture of the Somali languages and other indigenous languages. Such a language is Maay which is principally spoken by the Digil and Mirifle (<a href="/wiki/Rahanweyn" title="Rahanweyn">Rahanweyn</a> or Sab) clans in the southern regions of Somalia.<sup id="cite_ref-Dalby2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalby2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its speech area extends from the southwestern border with Ethiopia to a region close to the coastal strip between Mogadishu and <a href="/wiki/Kismayo" title="Kismayo">Kismayo</a>, including the city of <a href="/wiki/Baidoa" title="Baidoa">Baidoa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-s4_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maay is not mutually comprehensible with Northern Somali, and it differs in sentence structure and phonology.<sup id="cite_ref-Ethnymm_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethnymm-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also not generally used in education or media. However, Maay speakers often use Standard Somali as a lingua franca,<sup id="cite_ref-s4_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is learned via mass communications, internal migration and urbanization.<sup id="cite_ref-Ethnymm_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethnymm-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Maay is not closely related with the Somali language in sentence structure and phonology. Its <a href="/wiki/Jiiddu_language" title="Jiiddu language">Jiddu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dabarre_language" title="Dabarre language">Dabarre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garre_language" title="Garre language">Garre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tunni_language" title="Tunni language">Tunni</a> varieties are also spoken by smaller Rahanweyn communities. Collectively, these languages present similarities with Oromo that are not found in mainstream Somali. Chief among these is the lack of pharyngeal sounds in the Rahanweyn/Digil and Mirifle languages, features which by contrast typify Somali but are not Somali. Although in the past frequently classified as dialects of Somali, more recent research by the linguist <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Diriye_Abdullahi" title="Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi">Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi</a> has shown that these varieties, including Maay, constitute separate Cushitic languages.<sup id="cite_ref-Diriye_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diriye-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The degree of divergence is comparable to that between Spanish and Portuguese.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the Digil varieties, Jiddu is the most incomprehensible to Benadir and Northern speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-Shsb_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shsb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite these linguistic differences, Somali speakers collectively view themselves as speaking a common language.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somali_languages&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition, Kirk (1905) reports <i>Yibir</i> and <i>Midgan</i>, spoken by the <a href="/wiki/Yibir" title="Yibir">Yibir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madhiban" title="Madhiban">Madhiban</a>, respectively. Blench (2006) says, "These lects, spoken respectively by magicians and hunters among the Somali are said to differ substantially in lexicon from standard Somali. Whether this differentiation is in the nature of a code or these represent distinct languages remains unknown." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_groupings">Other groupings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somali_languages&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other groupings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The classification found in Ehret & Ali (1984) differs sharply from others. Ehret & Ali classify these varieties into three main groups in a more genealogically focused approach:<sup id="cite_ref-Tosco94_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tosco94-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li>Soomaali <ul><li>Bayso-Jiddu <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baiso_language" title="Baiso language">Bayso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiiddu_language" title="Jiiddu language">Jiddu</a></li></ul></li> <li>Soomaali II <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rendille_language" title="Rendille language">Rendille</a></li> <li>Soomaali III <ul><li>Garre-Aweer <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garre_language" title="Garre language">Garre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aweer_language" title="Aweer language">Aweer</a></li></ul></li> <li>Juba <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tunni_language" title="Tunni language">Tunni</a></li> <li>Bardheere (= <a href="/wiki/Dabarre_language" title="Dabarre language">Dabarre</a>?)</li></ul></li> <li>Soomaali IV <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maay_Maay" title="Maay Maay">Maay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benadiri_Somali" title="Benadiri Somali">Banaadir</a>-<a href="/wiki/Northern_Somali" title="Northern Somali">Northern</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Somali" title="Ashraf Somali">Ashraf Somali</a>)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jiiddu_language" title="Jiiddu language">Jiiddu</a> in this model is relocated as not even a Somali <i>sensu lato</i> variety in origin, but instead as a sibling of <a href="/wiki/Bayso_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayso language">Bayso</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tosco94_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tosco94-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, Garre shows quite close affinity to <a href="/wiki/Aweer_language" title="Aweer language">Aweer</a>, a language spoken by the <a href="/wiki/Aweer_people" title="Aweer people">Aweer people</a>, who are distinct in culture and appearance.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evidence suggests that the Aweer/Boni are remnants of the early hunter-gatherer inhabitants of Eastern Africa. According to linguistic, anthropological and other data, these groups later came under the influence and adopted the Afro-Asiatic languages of the <a href="/wiki/Lowland_East_Cushitic_languages" title="Lowland East Cushitic languages">Eastern</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Cushitic_languages" title="South Cushitic languages">Southern Cushitic</a> peoples who moved into the area.<sup id="cite_ref-Aminmoll_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aminmoll-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reconstruction">Reconstruction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somali_languages&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Reconstruction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Proto-Somali has been reconstructed by Biber (1982).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somali_languages&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Somali-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Somali_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/subgroup/2702/">"Somali languages"</a>. Ethnologue<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Somali+languages&rft.pub=Ethnologue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fsubgroup%2F2702%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASomali+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c81yAAAAMAAJ"><i>Somali nationalism: international politics and the drive for unity in the Horn of Africa</i></a>. Department of Linguistics and the African Studies Center, University of California, Los Anglos. 1963. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674818255" title="Special:BookSources/9780674818255"><bdi>9780674818255</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Somali+nationalism%3A+international+politics+and+the+drive+for+unity+in+the+Horn+of+Africa&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Department+of+Linguistics+and+the+African+Studies+Center%2C+University+of+California%2C+Los+Anglos&rft.date=1963&rft.isbn=9780674818255&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc81yAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASomali+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/25/language/som">Somali</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (25th ed., 2022) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dalby-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dalby_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalby1998" class="citation book cs1">Dalby, Andrew (1998). <i>Dictionary of languages: the definitive reference to more than 400 languages</i>. Columbia University Press. p. 571.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+languages%3A+the+definitive+reference+to+more+than+400+languages&rft.pages=571&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Dalby&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASomali+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.landinfo.no/asset/1800/1/1800_1.pdf"><i>Somalia: Language situation and dialects</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Landinfo. 2011. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Somalia%3A+Language+situation+and+dialects&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Landinfo&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.landinfo.no%2Fasset%2F1800%2F1%2F1800_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASomali+languages" class="Z3988"></span>, Quote: "Lamberti surveyed Somali dialects during a field study in Somalia in 1981. He completed his studies in Mogadishu, Bardheere and Luuq in the Gedo region; Saakow, Jilib and Bu'aale in Middle Juba; Merka and Qoryoley in Lower Shebelle; Qansax Dheere, Baidoa, Dinsor, Yaaq Baraaway and Bur Hakaba in the Bay Region; Jamaame and Kismayo in Lower Juba, as well as Adalar in Middle Shebelle (1986a, p. 15). Martin Orwin stresses that no systematic field studies of the Somali dialects have been carried out since the 1980's."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shsb-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shsb_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shsb_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shsb_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shsb_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shsb_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shsb_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.landinfo.no/asset/1800/1/1800_1.pdf">"Report Somalia: Language situation and dialects"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Country of Origin Information Centre (Landinfo). 2011. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+Somalia%3A+Language+situation+and+dialects&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Country+of+Origin+Information+Centre+%28Landinfo%29&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.landinfo.no%2Fasset%2F1800%2F1%2F1800_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASomali+languages" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: The named reference "Shsb" was defined multiple times with different content (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_duplicate_key" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references duplicate key">help page</a>).</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jjwns-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jjwns_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jjwns_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jjwns_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jjwns_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlench2006" class="citation web cs1">Blench, Roger (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/General/AALIST.pdf">"The Afro-Asiatic Languages: Classification and Reference List"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Afro-Asiatic+Languages%3A+Classification+and+Reference+List&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Blench&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frogerblench.info%2FLanguage%2FAfroasiatic%2FGeneral%2FAALIST.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASomali+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lamberti-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lamberti_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lamberti_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lamberti_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamberti1986" class="citation book cs1">Lamberti, Marcello (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dspace-roma3.caspur.it/bitstream/2307/3034/1/Map%20of%20the%20Somali%20Dialects%20in%20the%20Somali%20Democratic%20Republic.pdf"><i>Map of Somali dialects in the Somali Democratic Republic</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. H. Buske. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783871186905" title="Special:BookSources/9783871186905"><bdi>9783871186905</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Map+of+Somali+dialects+in+the+Somali+Democratic+Republic&rft.pub=H.+Buske&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=9783871186905&rft.aulast=Lamberti&rft.aufirst=Marcello&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdspace-roma3.caspur.it%2Fbitstream%2F2307%2F3034%2F1%2FMap%2520of%2520the%2520Somali%2520Dialects%2520in%2520the%2520Somali%2520Democratic%2520Republic.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASomali+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mwv-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mwv_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JQlJAQAAIAAJ"><i>Mundus, Volumes 23-24</i></a>. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft. 1987. p. 205.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mundus%2C+Volumes+23-24&rft.pages=205&rft.pub=Wissenschaftliche+Verlagsgesellschaft&rft.date=1987&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJQlJAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASomali+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Andrzlewis-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Andrzlewis_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrzejewskiLewis1964" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/B._W._Andrzejewski" title="B. W. Andrzejewski">Andrzejewski, B.</a>; Lewis, I. (1964). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/somalipoetryintr0000andr"><i>Somali poetry: an introduction</i></a></span>. Clarendon Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/somalipoetryintr0000andr/page/6">6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Somali+poetry%3A+an+introduction&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Andrzejewski&rft.aufirst=B.&rft.au=Lewis%2C+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsomalipoetryintr0000andr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASomali+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-s5-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-s5_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaeed1999" class="citation book cs1">Saeed, John (1999). <i>Somali</i>. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55619-224-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-55619-224-X"><bdi>1-55619-224-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Somali&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=John+Benjamins&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-55619-224-X&rft.aulast=Saeed&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASomali+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmmon2006" class="citation book cs1">Ammon, Ulrich (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C"><i>Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society, Part 3</i></a>. Walter de Gruyter. p. 194. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110184181" title="Special:BookSources/9783110184181"><bdi>9783110184181</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sociolinguistics%3A+An+International+Handbook+of+the+Science+of+Language+and+Society%2C+Part+3&rft.pages=194&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9783110184181&rft.aulast=Ammon&rft.aufirst=Ulrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLMZm0w0k1c4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASomali+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis1998" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, I. M. (1 January 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P5AZyEhMtbkC"><i>Saints and Somalis: Popular Islam in a Clan-based Society</i></a>. The Red Sea Press. p. 74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781569021033" title="Special:BookSources/9781569021033"><bdi>9781569021033</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saints+and+Somalis%3A+Popular+Islam+in+a+Clan-based+Society&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=The+Red+Sea+Press&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.isbn=9781569021033&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=I.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP5AZyEhMtbkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASomali+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dalby2-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dalby2_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: The named reference <code>Dalby2</code> was invoked but never defined (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text">help page</a>).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-s4-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-s4_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-s4_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: The named reference <code>s4</code> was invoked but never defined (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text">help page</a>).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ethnymm-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ethnymm_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ethnymm_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/language/ymm">"Maay - A language of Somalia"</a>. Ethnologue<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maay+-+A+language+of+Somalia&rft.pub=Ethnologue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fymm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASomali+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Diriye-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Diriye_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbdullahi2001">Abdullahi (2001</a>:9)<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvcoltxt error: no target: CITEREFAbdullahi2001 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis1998" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, I. M. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P5AZyEhMtbkC"><i>Saints and Somalis: Popular Islam in a Clan-based Society</i></a>. The Red Sea Press. p. 74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781569021033" title="Special:BookSources/9781569021033"><bdi>9781569021033</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saints+and+Somalis%3A+Popular+Islam+in+a+Clan-based+Society&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=The+Red+Sea+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9781569021033&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=I.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP5AZyEhMtbkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASomali+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c81yAAAAMAAJ"><i>Somali nationalism: international politics and the drive for unity in the Horn of Africa</i></a>. Department of Linguistics and the African Studies Center, University of California, Los Anglos. 1963. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674818255" title="Special:BookSources/9780674818255"><bdi>9780674818255</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Somali+nationalism%3A+international+politics+and+the+drive+for+unity+in+the+Horn+of+Africa&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Department+of+Linguistics+and+the+African+Studies+Center%2C+University+of+California%2C+Los+Anglos&rft.date=1963&rft.isbn=9780674818255&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc81yAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASomali+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tosco94-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tosco94_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tosco94_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTosco1994" class="citation journal cs1">Tosco, Mauro (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/4248545">"The Historical Reconstruction of a Southern Somali Dialect: Proto-Karre-Boni"</a>. <i>Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika</i>. <b>15</b>: 153–209.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sprache+und+Geschichte+in+Afrika&rft.atitle=The+Historical+Reconstruction+of+a+Southern+Somali+Dialect%3A+Proto-Karre-Boni&rft.volume=15&rft.pages=153-209&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Tosco&rft.aufirst=Mauro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F4248545&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASomali+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/25/language/bob">Aweer</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (25th ed., 2022) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/25/language/gex">Garre</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (25th ed., 2022) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aminmoll-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Aminmoll_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohamed_Amin1983" class="citation book cs1">Mohamed Amin, Peter Moll (1983). <i>Portraits of Africa</i>. Harvill Press. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0002726394" title="Special:BookSources/0002726394"><bdi>0002726394</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Portraits+of+Africa&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Harvill+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0002726394&rft.aulast=Mohamed+Amin&rft.aufirst=Peter+Moll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASomali+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Douglas Biber. 1982. <i>The phonological system of proto-Somali</i>. Los Angeles: University of Southern California.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Agaw_languages" title="Agaw languages">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awngi_language" title="Awngi language">Awngi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kayla_dialect" title="Kayla dialect">Kayla</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qimant_language" title="Qimant language">Qimant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qwara_dialect" title="Qwara dialect">Qwara</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bilen_language" title="Bilen language">Bilen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xamtanga_language" title="Xamtanga language">Xamtanga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Highland_East_Cushitic_languages" title="Highland East Cushitic languages">Highland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burji_language" title="Burji language">Burji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sidamoid</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hadiyyaic–Kambaataic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hadiyyaic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hadiyya_language" title="Hadiyya language">Hadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libido_language" title="Libido language">Libido</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kambaataic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaba-K%CA%BCabeena_language" title="Alaba-Kʼabeena language">Alaba-Kʼabeena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambaata_language" title="Kambaata language">Kambaata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gedeo–Sidama</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gedeo_language" title="Gedeo language">Gedeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidama_language" title="Sidama language">Sidama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lowland_East_Cushitic_languages" title="Lowland East Cushitic languages">Lowland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Omo%E2%80%93Tana_languages" title="Omo–Tana languages">Omo–Tana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Omo%E2%80%93Tana_languages" title="Western Omo–Tana languages">Arboroid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbore_language" title="Arbore language">Arbore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daasanach_language" title="Daasanach language">Daasanach</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_Molo_language" title="El Molo language">El Molo</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Macro-Somali_languages" title="Macro-Somali languages">Somaloid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baiso_language" title="Baiso language">Baiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girirra_language" title="Girirra language">Girirra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rendille%E2%80%93Boni_languages" title="Rendille–Boni languages">Rendille–Boni</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aweer_language" title="Aweer language">Aweer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rendille_language" title="Rendille language">Rendille</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Somali languages</a>/<a href="/wiki/Somali_language" title="Somali language">language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Digil</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dabarre_language" title="Dabarre language">Dabarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garre_language" title="Garre language">Garre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunni_language" title="Tunni language">Tunni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Somali" title="Ashraf Somali">Ashraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benadiri_Somali" title="Benadiri Somali">Benadiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhiban#Af-Caloowe" title="Madhiban">Caloowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harla_people#Language" title="Harla people">Harlaad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiiddu_language" title="Jiiddu language">Jiiddu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maay_Maay" title="Maay Maay">Maay Maay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Somali" title="Northern Somali">Waqooyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibir#Language" title="Yibir">Yibir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oromoid_languages" title="Oromoid languages">Oromoid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oromo_language" title="Oromo language">Oromo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=West%E2%80%93Central_Oromo_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West–Central Oromo language (page does not exist)">West–Central Oromo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central–East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Oromo_language" title="Southern Oromo language">Borana–Arsi–Guji Oromo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orma_language" title="Orma language">Orma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Oromo_language" title="Eastern Oromo language">Eastern Oromo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waata_language" title="Waata language">Waata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Konsoid</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konso_language" title="Konso language">Konso</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bussa–Dirasha</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bussa_language" title="Bussa language">Bussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirasha_language" title="Dirasha language">Dirasha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dullay_languages" title="Dullay languages">Dullay</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ale_language" title="Ale language">Ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobase_language" title="Dobase language">Dobase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsamai_language" title="Tsamai language">Tsamai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saho%E2%80%93Afar_languages" title="Saho–Afar languages">Saho–Afar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afar_language" title="Afar language">Afar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saho_language" title="Saho language">Saho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boon_language" title="Boon language">Boon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahalo_language" title="Dahalo language">Dahalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaaku_language" title="Yaaku language">Yaaku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medjay#Language" title="Medjay">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blemmyes#Language" title="Blemmyes">Blemmyan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beja_language" title="Beja language">Beja</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Cushitic_languages" title="South Cushitic languages">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Taita_Cushitic_languages" title="Taita Cushitic languages">Taita Cushitic</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rift</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>East</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Asa_language" title="Asa language">Asa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kw%CA%BCadza_language" title="Kwʼadza language">Kwʼadza</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burunge_language" title="Burunge language">Burunge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alagwa_language" title="Alagwa language">Alagwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Iraqwoid</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gorowa_language" title="Gorowa language">Gorowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqw_language" title="Iraqw language">Iraqw</a></li></ul> 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