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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Repatriation_of_humans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Voluntary_vs._forced_return" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voluntary_vs._forced_return"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Voluntary vs. forced return</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voluntary_vs._forced_return-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Repatriation_vs._return" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Repatriation_vs._return"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Repatriation vs. return</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Repatriation_vs._return-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medical_repatriation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical_repatriation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Medical repatriation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medical_repatriation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Repatriation_of_foreign_nationals_abroad_during_wars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Repatriation_of_foreign_nationals_abroad_during_wars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Repatriation of foreign nationals abroad during wars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Repatriation_of_foreign_nationals_abroad_during_wars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Post–World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post–World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>Post–World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post–World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Repatriation_of_mortal_remains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Repatriation_of_mortal_remains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Repatriation of mortal remains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Repatriation_of_mortal_remains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Battlefield_casualties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battlefield_casualties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>Battlefield casualties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battlefield_casualties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Repatriation_laws" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Repatriation_laws"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Repatriation laws</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Repatriation_laws-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Psychological_aspects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Psychological_aspects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Psychological aspects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Psychological_aspects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Repatriation_of_non-human_entities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Repatriation_of_non-human_entities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Repatriation of non-human entities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Repatriation_of_non-human_entities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Repatriation of non-human entities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Repatriation_of_non-human_entities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Human_remains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_remains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Human remains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_remains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_artifacts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_artifacts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Cultural artifacts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_artifacts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_repatriation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_repatriation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Economic repatriation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_repatriation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Repatriation_of_currency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Repatriation_of_currency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Repatriation of currency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Repatriation_of_currency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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class="mw-page-title-main">Repatriation</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repatriasiya" title="Repatriasiya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Repatriasiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repatriaci%C3%B3" title="Repatriació – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Repatriació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repatriace" title="Repatriace – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Repatriace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repatrieerimine" title="Repatrieerimine – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Repatrieerimine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repatriaci%C3%B3n" title="Repatriación – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Repatriación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repatrujigo" title="Repatrujigo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Repatrujigo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%B9%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3" title="مهاجرت معکوس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مهاجرت معکوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B1%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Հայրենադարձություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հայրենադարձություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Povratnik" title="Povratnik – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Povratnik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repatriasi" title="Repatriasi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Repatriasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="რეპატრიაცია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რეპატრიაცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Репатриация – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Репатриация" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Репатриация – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Репатриация" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repatri%C4%81cija" title="Repatriācija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Repatriācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repatriacija" title="Repatriacija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Repatriacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repatri%C3%ABring" title="Repatriëring – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Repatriëring" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repatriering" title="Repatriering – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Repatriering" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repatriacja" title="Repatriacja – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Repatriacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repatria%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Repatriação – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Repatriação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Репатриация – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Репатриация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dib_u_Celin" title="Dib u Celin – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dib u Celin" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Репатријација – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Репатријација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repatrijacija" title="Repatrijacija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Repatrijacija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repatriering" title="Repatriering – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Repatriering" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Репатріація – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Репатріація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%A3%E8%BF%94" title="遣返 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="遣返" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Return of a thing or person to their country</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Repatriation_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Repatriation (disambiguation)">Repatriation (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="border-spacing:0.2em 0;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Immigration" title="Category:Immigration">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:200%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Immigration" title="Immigration">Immigration</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.4em 0 0.4em;background:transparent;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Airport_Immigration.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Immigration"><img alt="Immigration" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Airport_Immigration.svg/90px-Airport_Immigration.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Airport_Immigration.svg/135px-Airport_Immigration.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Airport_Immigration.svg/180px-Airport_Immigration.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="404" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> General</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_by_country" title="Immigration by country">Immigration by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigration policy">Immigration policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration" title="Illegal immigration">Illegal immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_migration" title="Internal migration">Internal migration</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> History and law</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Border_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Border security">Border security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship" title="Citizenship">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Repatriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation" title="Deportation">Deportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_law" title="Immigration law">Immigration law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Externalization_(migration)" title="Externalization (migration)">Externalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indefinite_leave_to_remain" title="Indefinite leave to remain">Indefinite leave to remain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_diplomacy" title="Migration diplomacy">Migration diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-refoulement" title="Non-refoulement">Non-refoulement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_asylum" title="Right of asylum">Right of asylum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">Refugee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_visa" title="Travel visa">Visa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_return" title="Voluntary return">Voluntary return</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Social processes</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_integration" title="Social integration">Social integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation#Immigrant_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">Immigrant assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acculturation" title="Acculturation">Acculturation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Acculturation_Gap" class="mw-redirect" title="Acculturation Gap">Acculturation Gap</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution" title="Persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Political theories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civic_nationalism" title="Civic nationalism">Civic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_nationalism" title="Religious nationalism">Religious nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replacement_migration" title="Replacement migration">Replacement migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_cohesion" class="mw-redirect" title="Social cohesion">Social cohesion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativism_(politics)" title="Nativism (politics)">Nativism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plurinationalism" title="Plurinationalism">Plurinationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocentricism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnocentricism">Ethnocentricism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot_voting" title="Foot voting">Foot voting</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Opposition and reform</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_multiculturalism" title="Criticism of multiculturalism">Criticism of multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_reform" title="Immigration reform">Immigration reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">Opposition to immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide conspiracy theory</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Causes </th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_migrant" title="Economic migrant">Economic migrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War#Effects" title="War">War</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Immigration" title="Template:Immigration"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Immigration" title="Template talk:Immigration"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HAITIAN_MIGRANT_REPATRIATION_DVIDS1070740.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/HAITIAN_MIGRANT_REPATRIATION_DVIDS1070740.jpg/250px-HAITIAN_MIGRANT_REPATRIATION_DVIDS1070740.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/HAITIAN_MIGRANT_REPATRIATION_DVIDS1070740.jpg/375px-HAITIAN_MIGRANT_REPATRIATION_DVIDS1070740.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/HAITIAN_MIGRANT_REPATRIATION_DVIDS1070740.jpg/500px-HAITIAN_MIGRANT_REPATRIATION_DVIDS1070740.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1575" /></a><figcaption>Haitian migrants are escorted off the Coast Guard Cutter <i>Tampa'</i>s fantail to an awaiting Haitian Coast Guard vessel during repatriation.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Repatriation_of_USS_Pueblo_Crew.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Repatriation_of_USS_Pueblo_Crew.jpg/250px-Repatriation_of_USS_Pueblo_Crew.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Repatriation_of_USS_Pueblo_Crew.jpg/375px-Repatriation_of_USS_Pueblo_Crew.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Repatriation_of_USS_Pueblo_Crew.jpg/500px-Repatriation_of_USS_Pueblo_Crew.jpg 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="496" /></a><figcaption>The crew of <a href="/wiki/USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2)" title="USS Pueblo (AGER-2)">USS <i>Pueblo</i></a> as it arrives at the U.N. Advance Camp, <a href="/wiki/Korean_Demilitarized_Zone" title="Korean Demilitarized Zone">Korean Demilitarized Zone</a>, on 23 December 1968, following their release by the North Korean government</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Repatriation</b> is the return of a thing or person to its or their country of origin, respectively. The term may refer to non-human entities, such as converting a foreign currency into the currency of one's own country, as well as the return of <a href="/wiki/Military_personnel" title="Military personnel">military personnel</a> to their place of origin following a <a href="/wiki/War" title="War">war</a>. It also applies to diplomatic envoys, international officials as well as <a href="/wiki/Expatriates" class="mw-redirect" title="Expatriates">expatriates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_migration" title="Human migration">migrants</a> in time of international crisis. For <a href="/wiki/Refugees" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees">refugees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asylum_seekers" class="mw-redirect" title="Asylum seekers">asylum seekers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration" title="Illegal immigration">illegal migrants</a>, repatriation can mean either <a href="/wiki/Voluntary_return" title="Voluntary return">voluntary return</a> or <a href="/wiki/Deportation" title="Deportation">deportation</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Repatriation_of_humans">Repatriation of humans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repatriation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Repatriation of humans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voluntary_vs._forced_return">Voluntary vs. forced return</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repatriation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Voluntary vs. forced return"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_return" title="Voluntary return">Voluntary return</a> is the return of eligible persons, such as refugees, to their <a href="/wiki/Country_of_origin" title="Country of origin">country of origin</a> or citizenship based on freely expressed willingness to such return. Voluntary return, unlike expulsion and deportation, which are actions of sovereign states, is defined as a personal right under specific conditions described in various international instruments, such as the <a href="/wiki/OAU_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="OAU Convention">OAU Convention</a>, along with customary international law. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_11th_century_stone_lintels_from_Thailand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Two_11th_century_stone_lintels_from_Thailand.jpg/250px-Two_11th_century_stone_lintels_from_Thailand.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Two_11th_century_stone_lintels_from_Thailand.jpg/375px-Two_11th_century_stone_lintels_from_Thailand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Two_11th_century_stone_lintels_from_Thailand.jpg/500px-Two_11th_century_stone_lintels_from_Thailand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6715" data-file-height="4477" /></a><figcaption>The U.S. government returns two 11th century stone lintels to Thailand, marking the end of a four-year effort on behalf of the Thailand to bring these items home.</figcaption></figure> <p>Examples of contemporary repatriation include Germany repatriating around 320,000 Bosnian refugees starting 1997, German readmission agreements with Romania and Bulgaria in 1993, expulsion of 21,000 Albanians in 1996 from Italy, expulsion of 51,000 from Netherlands in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-Zetter_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zetter-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sweden and Italy applied in some cases detention prior to expulsion, which was described as <a href="/wiki/Deterrence_theory" title="Deterrence theory">deterrence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Zetter_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zetter-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Certain countries offer financial support to refugees and immigrants to facilitate the process of starting a new life in their country of origin. Examples of 21st-century voluntary return include the Danish government, which in 2009 began offering £12,000 each to immigrants to return,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Switzerland offering approximately 6,500 Francs, targeted for business startups upon returning home,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, Germany allocated €150 million over three years for migrants willing to return,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Swedish government began offering £3,500 each.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 544 Nigerians returned home from Switzerland in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This financial support may also be considered as residency buyouts. </p><p>Two countries may have a re-admission agreement, which establishes procedures, on a reciprocal basis, for one state to return irregular non-nationals to their country of origin or a country through which they have transited.<sup id="cite_ref-Perruchoud_2011_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perruchoud_2011-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigrant" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal immigrant">Illegal immigrants</a> are frequently repatriated as a matter of government policy. Repatriation measures of <a href="/wiki/Voluntary_return" title="Voluntary return">voluntary return</a>, with financial assistance, as well as measures of <a href="/wiki/Deportation" title="Deportation">deportation</a> are used in many countries. </p><p>As repatriation can be voluntary or forced, the term is also used as a euphemism for deportation. Involuntary or forced repatriation is the return of refugees, prisoners of war, or civil detainees to their country of origin under circumstances that leave no other viable alternatives. According to <a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a> refugees under political persecution should be given <a href="/wiki/Political_asylum" class="mw-redirect" title="Political asylum">political asylum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Perruchoud_2011_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perruchoud_2011-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The forced return of people to any country where "life or freedom would be threatened" due to "race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion" is against <a href="/wiki/Protocol_Relating_to_the_Status_of_Refugees" title="Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees">Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees</a> according to <a href="/wiki/Non-refoulement" title="Non-refoulement">non-refoulement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-convention_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-convention-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Repatriation_vs._return">Repatriation vs. return</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repatriation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Repatriation vs. return"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While repatriation necessarily brings an individual to his or her territory of origin or citizenship, a return potentially includes bringing the person back to the point of departure. This could be to a third country, including a country of transit, which is a country the person has traveled through to get to the country of destination. A return could also be within the territorial boundaries of a country, as in the case of returning <a href="/wiki/Internally_displaced_persons" class="mw-redirect" title="Internally displaced persons">internally displaced persons</a> and demobilized combatants. The distinction between repatriation and return, voluntary or involuntary, is not always clear.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medical_repatriation">Medical repatriation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repatriation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Medical repatriation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Repatriation is linked with health care due to the costs and resources associated with providing medical treatment to travelers and immigrants pursuing citizenship. For example, if a foreign national is in the United States with a visa and becomes ill, the insurance that the visa holder has in his or her native country may not apply in the United States, especially if it is a country with <a href="/wiki/Universal_health_care" title="Universal health care">universal health care</a> coverage. This scenario forces hospitals to choose one of three options: </p> <ul><li>Limit their services to emergency care only (as per the <a href="/wiki/Emergency_Medical_Treatment_and_Active_Labor_Act" title="Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act">Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act</a>)</li> <li>Offer charity care free of charge or at a reduced rate</li> <li>Repatriate the patient back to his or her native country where he or she will be covered according to that country's policy<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Determining which option is the most ethical is often very challenging for hospital administrators. </p><p>In some cases, a traveler's personal insurance company may repatriate the patient back to their home country for medical treatment due to the cost of medical expenses in the current country. The method of repatriation could be via regular flight, by ground, or by air ambulance which ever is deemed necessary subjected to the medical condition of patient and cost in mind. Medical repatriation is different from the act of <a href="/wiki/Medical_evacuation" title="Medical evacuation">medical evacuation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Repatriation_of_foreign_nationals_abroad_during_wars">Repatriation of foreign nationals abroad during wars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repatriation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Repatriation of foreign nationals abroad during wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Countries have repatriated their nationals who are abroad during the outbreak of a war. For example when World War II begun in 1939, the United States launched a repatriation effort to repatriate Americans who were either living or visiting Europe with 75,000 Americans being repatriated by early November 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>, the United States repatriated its civilians from Korea sending them to Japan with a total of 1,655 people being repatriated.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Post–World_War_II"><span id="Post.E2.80.93World_War_II"></span>Post–World War II</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repatriation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Post–World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 20th century, following all European wars, several repatriation commissions were created to supervise the return of war refugees, <a href="/wiki/Displaced_person" class="mw-redirect" title="Displaced person">displaced persons</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Prisoners of war">prisoners of war</a> to their country of origin. Repatriation <a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">hospitals</a> were established in some countries to care for the ongoing medical and health requirements of returned military personnel. In the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, the refugees seen as traitors for surrendering were often killed or sent to <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberian</a> concentration camps.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Issues surrounding repatriation have been some of the most heatedly debated political topics of the 20th and 21st centuries. Many <a href="/wiki/Operation_Keelhaul" title="Operation Keelhaul">forced back to the Soviet Union by Allied forces</a> in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> still hold this forced migration against the <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">United States of America</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. </p><p>The term <i>repatriation</i> was often used by Communist governments to describe the large-scale state-sponsored <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">ethnic cleansing</a> actions and <a href="/wiki/Population_transfer" title="Population transfer">expulsion</a> of national groups. <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poles</a> born in territories that were annexed by the Soviet Union, although deported to the State of Poland, were settled in the annexed former <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> territories (referred to in Polish as the <a href="/wiki/Regained_Territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Regained Territories">Regained Territories</a>). In the process they were told that they had returned to their Motherland. </p><p>After the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Curtain" title="Iron Curtain">Iron Curtain</a> and end of <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_War" title="Bosnian War">Bosnian War</a> increased repatriation, <a href="/wiki/Deportation" title="Deportation">deportation</a> and readmission agreements were observed in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-Zetter_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zetter-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Repatriation_of_mortal_remains">Repatriation of mortal remains</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repatriation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Repatriation of mortal remains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Repatriation_and_reburial_of_human_remains" title="Repatriation and reburial of human remains">Repatriation and reburial of human remains</a></div> <p>In modern society where everything has become interconnected, it is not uncommon for diasporas to be found living abroad. When someone passes away overseas, a next of kin usually has to physically fly over to verify the body before the body gets repatriated back home by a funeral home.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Battlefield_casualties">Battlefield casualties</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repatriation&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Battlefield casualties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> marked the first time that the United States or any nation began returning the bodies of battlefield casualties as soon as possible.<sup id="cite_ref-Sledge_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sledge-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During <a href="/wiki/Operation_Glory" title="Operation Glory">Operation Glory</a>, which followed the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Armistice_Agreement" title="Korean Armistice Agreement">Korean Armistice Agreement</a>, thousands of remains were exchanged by both sides.<sup id="cite_ref-Sledge_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sledge-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The practice of immediately recovering casualties continued for United States during the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War_casualties" title="Vietnam War casualties">Vietnam War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sledge_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sledge-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Repatriation_laws">Repatriation laws</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repatriation&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Repatriation laws"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Right_of_Return" class="mw-redirect" title="Right of Return">Right of Return</a></div> <p>Repatriation laws give non-citizen foreigners who are part of the titular <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_majority" title="Ethnic majority">majority group</a> the opportunity to immigrate and receive <a href="/wiki/Citizenship" title="Citizenship">citizenship</a>. Repatriation of their titular diaspora is practiced by most <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">ethnic nation</a> states. Repatriation laws have been created in many countries to enable <a href="/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora">diasporas</a> to immigrate ("return") to their "kin-state". This is sometimes known as the exercise of the <a href="/wiki/Right_of_return" title="Right of return">right of return</a>. Repatriation laws give members of the diaspora the right to immigrate to their kin-state and they serve to maintain close ties between the state and its diaspora and gives preferential treatment to diaspora immigrants. </p><p>Most countries in central and eastern Europe as well as <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> have longstanding repatriation legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> also have repatriation laws for their diaspora populations. The number of countries with repatriation laws has mushroomed since the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">end of Soviet communism</a> and most independent nations that were <a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_states" title="Post-Soviet states">once part of the communist domain</a> in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> have since legislated repatriation laws. Many other countries such as <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> have (or have had) generous immigration policies with regard to the nation's <a href="/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora">diaspora</a> without having formally enacted repatriation laws. Such states can be described as practicing <i>common law repatriation</i>. </p><p>In comparison, one of the central tenets of the <a href="/wiki/Rastafari_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Rastafari movement">Rastafari movement</a> is the desirability of the repatriation of <a href="/wiki/Black_people" title="Black people">black people</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> and elsewhere back to <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>. While <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> specifically has land available in <a href="/wiki/Shashamane" title="Shashamane">Shashamane</a> to encourage this project, black people who are citizens of countries outside Africa do not have the <a href="/wiki/Right_of_return" title="Right of return">right of return</a> to Africa, although as individuals they are free to try to <a href="/wiki/Emigration" title="Emigration">emigrate</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Psychological_aspects">Psychological aspects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repatriation&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Psychological aspects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Repatriation is often the "forgotten" phase of the <a href="/wiki/Expatriation" class="mw-redirect" title="Expatriation">expatriation</a> cycle; the emphasis for support is mostly on the actual period abroad.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> However, many repatriates report experiencing difficulties on return: one is no longer special, practical problems arise, new knowledge gained is no longer useful, etc. These difficulties are highly influenced by a number of factors including <a href="/wiki/Personal_development" title="Personal development">self-management</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">spouse's</a> adjustment, time spent abroad and skill utilisation. What is crucial is that every individual perceives these factors in a different way. Reintegration is a process of re-inclusion or re-incorporation of a person into a group or a process, and may contribute to overcoming repatriation.<sup id="cite_ref-Perruchoud_2011_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perruchoud_2011-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Direct managers and <a href="/wiki/Human_resources" title="Human resources">HR</a> staff often notice the difficulties a repatriate experiences, but they are not always able to act on it. Budget shortcomings and time constraints are frequently cited as reasons why it fails to be an agenda priority. Solutions for repatriation difficulties do not have to be expensive and can lead to great benefits for the company.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Basic support can consist, for example, of good communication in advance, during and after the international assignment, or a mentor program to assist the repatriate. The expatriate and his/her family should feel understood by his or her company. Support can increase job satisfaction, thereby protecting the investment made by the company.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Repatriation_of_non-human_entities">Repatriation of non-human entities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repatriation&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Repatriation of non-human entities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_remains">Human remains</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repatriation&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Human remains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Repatriation_and_reburial_of_human_remains" title="Repatriation and reburial of human remains">Return of human remains</a> to their nation of origin. In the United States, Native Americans' human remains are uncovered and removed from their burial sites in the construction/land development process or as part of archaeological excavations.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Native_American_Graves_Protection_and_Repatriation_Act" title="Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act">Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act</a> (NAGPRA) of 1990 established the process whereby federally recognized Indian tribes and Native Hawaiian organizations can request that federal agencies and institutions receiving federal funds return culturally affiliated human remains. The NAGPRA also sets forth provisions that allow for the disposition of Native American human remains found on federal lands to the affiliated Indian tribe or Native Hawaiian organization. NAGPRA does not apply to the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>, which is covered under the repatriation provisions of the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian_Act" title="National Museum of the American Indian Act">National Museum of the American Indian Act</a> (NMAI Act) of 1989. In previous eras, it was common for <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> <a href="/wiki/Colony" title="Colony">colonial</a> authorities to collect heads and other body parts of indigenous peoples such as <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australians</a> and <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a> for display in British museums. The repatriation of these body parts is currently ongoing. For an example of a successful body part repatriation, see <a href="/wiki/Yagan" title="Yagan">Yagan</a>. Another example can be seen through the dedicated work of the Karanga Aotearoa Repatriation Programme, established in partnership between Māori and the New Zealand government in 2003. This programme is administered by the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (Te Papa), and since 2003 has repatriated over 350 Māori and Moriori ancestral remains to Aotearoa New Zealand. Article 12 of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Declaration_on_the_Rights_of_Indigenous_Peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples">United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples</a> affirms that indigenous peoples have the right to repatriate their human remains. The declaration was passed in September 2007 with the support of 143 countries. The four opposing countries—Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States—subsequently endorsed the declaration. </p><p>This also applies to the return of mummified human remains. An example of this kind of repatriation would be the <a href="/wiki/Coffin_of_Nedjemankh" title="Coffin of Nedjemankh">Coffin of Nedjemankh</a> being returned to Egypt after its illegal purchase by the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_artifacts">Cultural artifacts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repatriation&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Cultural artifacts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Repatriation_(cultural_property)" title="Repatriation (cultural property)">Repatriation (cultural property)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wampum_belt,_Iroquois_and_Algonkian,_commemorating_peace_treaty_in_17th_century_-_Native_American_collection_-_Peabody_Museum,_Harvard_University_-_DSC05807.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Wampum_belt%2C_Iroquois_and_Algonkian%2C_commemorating_peace_treaty_in_17th_century_-_Native_American_collection_-_Peabody_Museum%2C_Harvard_University_-_DSC05807.jpg/220px-Wampum_belt%2C_Iroquois_and_Algonkian%2C_commemorating_peace_treaty_in_17th_century_-_Native_American_collection_-_Peabody_Museum%2C_Harvard_University_-_DSC05807.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Wampum_belt%2C_Iroquois_and_Algonkian%2C_commemorating_peace_treaty_in_17th_century_-_Native_American_collection_-_Peabody_Museum%2C_Harvard_University_-_DSC05807.jpg/330px-Wampum_belt%2C_Iroquois_and_Algonkian%2C_commemorating_peace_treaty_in_17th_century_-_Native_American_collection_-_Peabody_Museum%2C_Harvard_University_-_DSC05807.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Wampum_belt%2C_Iroquois_and_Algonkian%2C_commemorating_peace_treaty_in_17th_century_-_Native_American_collection_-_Peabody_Museum%2C_Harvard_University_-_DSC05807.jpg/440px-Wampum_belt%2C_Iroquois_and_Algonkian%2C_commemorating_peace_treaty_in_17th_century_-_Native_American_collection_-_Peabody_Museum%2C_Harvard_University_-_DSC05807.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3506" /></a><figcaption>Iroquois Wampum belt that belonged to Algonquin Mohawk Chief, currently housed within the Hall of the North American Indian exhibit at the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard University.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Cultural or <a href="/wiki/Art_repatriation" class="mw-redirect" title="Art repatriation">art repatriation</a> is the return of cultural objects or works of art to their country of origin (usually referring to ancient art), or (for looted material) its former owners (or their heirs). Repatriation of cultural artifacts also includes items that fall under the purview of NAGPRA and the NMAI Act such as Native American sacred items, <a href="/wiki/Grave_goods" title="Grave goods">funerary objects</a>, and items of cultural patrimony.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Iroquois <a href="/wiki/Wampum" title="Wampum">Wampum</a> belts are an example of objects of cultural patrimony subject to repatriation under NAGPRA.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "Utimut Process" of returning cultural objects from Denmark to Greenland between 1982 and 2001, was an early example of repatriation.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A5%C3%A5stede" class="extiw" title="no:Bååstede">no:Bååstede</a></i> project saw the transfer of over 1600 cultural objects from museums in Oslo to institutions under <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sámi people">Sámi</a> management between 2012 and 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_repatriation">Economic repatriation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repatriation&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Economic repatriation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Economic repatriation refers to the process of a company getting its <a href="/wiki/Profit_(economics)" title="Profit (economics)">profits</a> back into their own country. There are four main methods of repatriation: <a href="/wiki/Dividend" title="Dividend">Dividends</a> and Profits, <a href="/wiki/Royalties" class="mw-redirect" title="Royalties">Royalties</a>, <a href="/wiki/Management_fee" title="Management fee">Management Service Fees</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercompany_loan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intercompany loan (page does not exist)">Intercompany Loans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Repatriation_of_currency">Repatriation of currency</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repatriation&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Repatriation of currency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Repatriation of currency is when foreign currency is converted back to the currency of the home country. An example would be an American converting British pounds back to U.S. dollars. Repatriation also refers to the payment of a dividend by a foreign corporation to a U.S. corporation. This happens often where the foreign corporation is considered a "<a href="/wiki/Controlled_foreign_corporation" title="Controlled foreign corporation">controlled foreign corporation</a>" (CFC), which means that more than 50% of the foreign corporation is owned by U.S. shareholders. Generally, foreign direct investment in CFC's are not taxed until a dividend is paid to the controlling U.S. parent company, and is thus repatriated. The foreign direct investment income of the CFC is taxed only by the country where it is incorporated until repatriation. At that time, income is subject to the (typically higher) U.S. tax rate minus the Foreign Tax Credits. (FN: See IRC 951–965) There are currently hundreds of billions of dollars of Foreign direct investment in CFC's because of the disincentive to repatriate those earnings. (See Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Economic Accounts, Integrated Macroeconomic Accounts for the United States, available at the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Economic_Analysis" title="Bureau of Economic Analysis">Bureau of Economic Analysis</a>.)<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repatriation&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffer_Theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffer Theory">Buffer Theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_American_Repatriation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambodian American Repatriation">Cambodian American Repatriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation" title="Deportation">Deportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_the_Repatriation_of_Minors" title="European Convention on the Repatriation of Minors">European Convention on the Repatriation of Minors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_repatriation" title="Extraordinary repatriation">Extraordinary repatriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_migration" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced migration">Forced migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jus_sanguinis" title="Jus sanguinis">Jus sanguinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Graves_Protection_and_Repatriation_Act" title="Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act">Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act</a> (NAGPRA) of 1990</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_transfer" title="Population transfer">Population transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Repatriation" title="Mexican Repatriation">Mexican Repatriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repatriation_in_Canada" title="Repatriation in Canada">Repatriation in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repatriation_of_Poles_(1955%E2%80%9359)" class="mw-redirect" title="Repatriation of Poles (1955–59)">Repatriation of Poles (1955–59)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repatriation_of_Poles_(1944%E2%80%931946)" class="mw-redirect" title="Repatriation of Poles (1944–1946)">Repatriation of Poles (1944–1946)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repatriation_of_indentured_Indians_from_Fiji" title="Repatriation of indentured Indians from Fiji">Repatriation of indentured Indians from Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_extradition_of_Baltic_soldiers" title="Swedish extradition of Baltic soldiers">Swedish extradition of Baltic soldiers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repatriation&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Zetter-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zetter_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zetter_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zetter_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.temaasyl.se/Documents/Artiklar/hors259.pdf">Zetter, Roger, et al. "An assessment of the impact of asylum policies in Europe, 1990-2000." Home Office Online Report 17.03 (2003).</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/denmark/6533845/Denmark-offers-immigrants-12000-to-return-home.html">"Denmark offers immigrants £12,000 to return home"</a>, The Telegraph. November 10, 2009. Retrieved 9 feb 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nigeriaworld.com/feature/publication/ubochi/112809.html">"Switzerland and Nigerians Abroad"</a>, Temple Chima Ubochi. <i>Nigeria World</i>. November 28, 2009. Retrieved 9 feb 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/nov/15/ireland-pay-immigrants-go-home">"Irish government to pay immigrants to go home"</a>, Henry McDonald. <i>The Guardian</i>. November 14, 2009. Retrieved 9 feb 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.eu/article/germany-to-pay-for-migrants-to-go-home-gerd-muller/">"Germany to pay for migrants to go home"</a>, Cynthia Kroet. Politico EU. December 9, 2016. Retrieved 9 feb 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.onenewsnow.com/culture/2016/08/29/thousands-of-migrants-paid-by-swedish-govt-to-leave">"Thousands of migrants paid by Swedish gov't to leave"</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, Michael F. Haverluck. One News Now. August 29, 2016. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UNHCR&rft.atitle=Convention+and+Protocol+Relating+to+the+Status+of+Refugees&rft.au=United+Nations+High+Commissioner+for+Refugees&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Fprotection%2Fbasic%2F3b66c2aa10%2Fconvention-protocol-relating-status-refugees.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepatriation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrachet2016" class="citation journal cs1">Brachet, Julien (2016). "Policing the Desert: The IOM in Libya Beyond War and Peace". <i>Antipode</i>. <b>48</b> (2): 272–292. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Antip..48..272B">2016Antip..48..272B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fanti.12176">10.1111/anti.12176</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antipode&rft.atitle=Policing+the+Desert%3A+The+IOM+in+Libya+Beyond+War+and+Peace&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=272-292&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fanti.12176&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016Antip..48..272B&rft.aulast=Brachet&rft.aufirst=Julien&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepatriation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWackToby_Schonfeld2012" class="citation journal cs1">Wack, Kevin J.; Toby Schonfeld (2012). "Patient Autonomy and the Unfortunate Choice between Repatriation and Suboptimal Treatment". <i>American Journal of Bioethics</i>. <b>12</b> (9): 6–7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15265161.2012.692444">10.1080/15265161.2012.692444</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22881843">22881843</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24932647">24932647</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Bioethics&rft.atitle=Patient+Autonomy+and+the+Unfortunate+Choice+between+Repatriation+and+Suboptimal+Treatment&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=6-7&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A24932647%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22881843&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F15265161.2012.692444&rft.aulast=Wack&rft.aufirst=Kevin+J.&rft.au=Toby+Schonfeld&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepatriation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilk2021" class="citation journal cs1">Wilk, Gavin (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9jk269dd#main">"Hasty Departures: The Evacuation of American Citizens from Europe at the Outbreak of World War II"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Transnational_American_Studies" title="Journal of Transnational American Studies">Journal of Transnational American Studies</a></i>. <b>12</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5070%2FT812139136">10.5070/T812139136</a></span> – via eScholarship.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Transnational+American+Studies&rft.atitle=Hasty+Departures%3A+The+Evacuation+of+American+Citizens+from+Europe+at+the+Outbreak+of+World+War+II&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5070%2FT812139136&rft.aulast=Wilk&rft.aufirst=Gavin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fescholarship.org%2Fuc%2Fitem%2F9jk269dd%23main&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepatriation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaulman2001" class="citation journal cs1">Haulman, Daniel L. (Summer 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26274211">"Salvation from the Sky: Airlift in the Korean War, 1950"</a>. <i>Air Power History</i>. <b>48</b> (2): 16–25. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26274211">26274211</a> – via JSTOR. <q>The demand for airlift erupted on the first day of the invasion. John J. Muccio, U.S. Ambassador to South Korea, requested a sea and air evacuation of American civilians from Korea. Most of the evac-uees were in the Seoul area, and had to leave through the port of Inchon or nearby Kimpo and Suwon airfields. The Far East Air Forces (FEAF) and its 374th Troop Carrier Group mustered 7 four- engine C–54s, and 14 two-engine C–47s and C–46s at Itazuke and Ashiya Air Bases in Japan for the airlift. Between June 27 and 29, the Air Force evacuated about 850 civilians from Korea to Japan. Fifth Air Force F–80 jets and F–82 Twin Mustang fighters covered the evacuation and shot down seven enemy aircraft. At the same time 905 evacuees departed by sea.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Air+Power+History&rft.atitle=Salvation+from+the+Sky%3A+Airlift+in+the+Korean+War%2C+1950&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=16-25&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26274211%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Haulman&rft.aufirst=Daniel+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26274211&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepatriation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFields" class="citation web cs1">Fields, Paul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://magazines.russ.ru/zvezda/2005/6/po8.html">"Ostarbeiters"</a>. <i>Coffee Lounge</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 11,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Coffee+Lounge&rft.atitle=Ostarbeiters&rft.aulast=Fields&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmagazines.russ.ru%2Fzvezda%2F2005%2F6%2Fpo8.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepatriation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.singaporefuneralservices.sg/repatriation-services/">"Singapore Repatriation Services"</a>. <i>Harmony Funeral Care</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Harmony+Funeral+Care&rft.atitle=Singapore+Repatriation+Services&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.singaporefuneralservices.sg%2Frepatriation-services%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepatriation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sledge-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sledge_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sledge_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sledge_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSledge2005" class="citation book cs1">Sledge, Michael (2005-04-26) [First published 2005]. <i>Soldier Dead: How We Recover, Identify, Bury, and Honor Our Military Fallen</i>. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 78–80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231509374" title="Special:BookSources/9780231509374"><bdi>9780231509374</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/60527603">60527603</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soldier+Dead%3A+How+We+Recover%2C+Identify%2C+Bury%2C+and+Honor+Our+Military+Fallen&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=78-80&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2005-04-26&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F60527603&rft.isbn=9780231509374&rft.aulast=Sledge&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepatriation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Not all remains from the Korean War were returned to the home countries. Some 2,300 casualties are buried at the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Memorial_Cemetery" title="United Nations Memorial Cemetery">United Nations Memorial Cemetery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Busan,_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Busan, South Korea">Busan, South Korea</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYakobsonRubinstein" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Yakobson" title="Alexander Yakobson">Yakobson, Alexander</a>; <a href="/wiki/Amnon_Rubinstein" title="Amnon Rubinstein">Rubinstein, Amnon</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101126182841/http://www.ajc.org/atf/cf/%7B42D75369-D582-4380-8395-D25925B85EAF%7D/YakobsonRubinstein2005.pdf">"Democratic Norms, Diasporas, and Israel's Law of Return"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>ajc.org</i>. 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"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Red-Man's Burden": The Politics of Inclusion in Museum Settings". <i>American Indian Quarterly</i>. 28(3&4) (3): 743–763. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Faiq.2004.0105">10.1353/aiq.2004.0105</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153889808">153889808</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Indian+Quarterly&rft.atitle=%22Red-Man%27s+Burden%22%3A+The+Politics+of+Inclusion+in+Museum+Settings&rft.volume=28%283%264%29&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=743-763&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Faiq.2004.0105&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153889808%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Mithlo&rft.aufirst=Nancy+Marie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepatriation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collections.peabody.harvard.edu/objects/details/4759">"Wampum belt"</a>. <i>collections.peabody.harvard.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=americanindian.si.edu&rft.atitle=Repatriation+%7C+National+Museum+of+the+American+Indian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famericanindian.si.edu%2Fexplore%2Frepatriation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepatriation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/archeology/tools/laws/nagpra.htm">"NPS Archeology Program: The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA)"</a>. <i>www.nps.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Methods+of+Repatriation&rft.pub=Radius%3A+Global+Growth+Experts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fieglobal.vistra.com%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fresources%2Fradius-resource-methods-cash-repatriation.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepatriation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160603181254/http://www.bea.gov/national/nipaweb/ni_FedBeaSna/TableView.asp?SelectedTable=1&FirstYear=1999&LastYear=2006&Freq=Year">"U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of Economic Analysis"</a>. <i>bea.gov</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bea.gov/national/nipaweb/ni_FedBeaSna/TableView.asp?SelectedTable=1&FirstYear=1999&LastYear=2006&Freq=Year">the original</a> on 2016-06-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-03-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bea.gov&rft.atitle=U.S.+Department+of+Commerce.+Bureau+of+Economic+Analysis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bea.gov%2Fnational%2Fnipaweb%2Fni_FedBeaSna%2FTableView.asp%3FSelectedTable%3D1%26FirstYear%3D1999%26LastYear%3D2006%26Freq%3DYear&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepatriation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repatriation&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Return_migration#Further_reading" title="Return migration">Return migration § Further reading</a></div> <ul><li>Bell-Fialkoff, Andrew. <i>Ethnic Cleansing</i> (1996).</li> <li>Bessel, Richard et al. (ed.) <i>Removing Peoples: Forced removal in the modern world</i> (Oxford UP, 2009).</li> <li>Carmichael, Cathie. <i>Ethnic Cleansing in the Balkans: Nationalism and the Destruction of Tradition</i> (2002).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Boyd_Caroli" title="Betty Boyd Caroli">Caroli, Betty Boyd</a>. <i>Italian Repatriation from the United States, 1900-1914</i> (Center for Migration Studies, 1973) 110 pp.</li> <li>Cinel, Dino. <i>The National Integration of Italian Return Migration, 1870-1929</i> (Cambridge UP, 1991).</li> <li>Clark, Bruce. <i>Twice a Stranger: How mass expulsion forged modern Greece and Turkey</i> (2007).</li> <li>Crisp, Jeff, and Katy Long. "Safe and voluntary refugee repatriation: from principle to practice." <i>Journal on Migration and Human Security</i> 4.3 (2016): 141-147. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/233150241600400305">online</a></li> <li>Gilkey, George R. "The United States and Italy: migration and repatriation." <i>Journal of Developing Areas</i> 2.1 (1967): 23-36. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4189436">online</a></li> <li>Grams, Grant W. <i>Coming Home to the Third Reich: Return Migration of German Nationals from the United States and Canada, 1933-1941</i> (McFarland, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QJdDEAAAQBAJ&dq=return&pg=PP1">online</a></li> <li>Grams, Grant W. "Deportation from Saskatchewan during the Great Depression, the case of H.P. Janzen", in John D. Thiesen (ed.), <i>Mennonite Life</i>, 2010.</li> <li>Grams, Grant W. "The Deportation of German Nationals from Canada, 1919 to 1939." <i>Journal of International Migration and Integration/Revue de l'integration et de la migration internationale</i> 11 (2010): 219-237. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12134-010-0131-y">online</a></li> <li>Long, Katy. <i>The point of no return: Refugees, rights, and repatriation</i> (Oxford UP, 2013) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/download/75377832/36341.pdf">online</a>.</li> <li>Sundhaussen, Holm. "Forced Ethnic Migration" <i>EGO: European History Online</i> 3 Dec. 2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ieg-ego.eu/en/threads/europe-on-the-road/forced-ethnic-migration">online</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repatriation&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/repatriation" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:repatriation">repatriation</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/pqmyk">The Mexican-American repatriation of the early 30s</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/5117366.stm">"Greece gets rare Roman coin back"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 26 June 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Greece+gets+rare+Roman+coin+back&rft.date=2006-06-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F5117366.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepatriation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/history/nagpra/">National NAGPRA Home</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tepapa.govt.nz/AboutUs/Repatriation/pages/overview.aspx">Karanga Aotearoa Repatriation Programme - Repatriation of Māori and Moriori ancestral remains</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331684#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331684#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4177807-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85112903">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119721769">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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href="http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages\R\E\Repatriation">Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Repatriation&oldid=1258564265">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Repatriation&oldid=1258564265</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Repatriation" title="Category:Repatriation">Repatriation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aftermath_of_war" title="Category:Aftermath of war">Aftermath of war</a></li><li><a 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