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class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Edukira joan</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu nagusia" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu nagusia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu nagusia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nabigazioa </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Azala" title="Azala bisitatu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Azala</span></a></li><li id="n-Txikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Txikipedia:Azala"><span>Txikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Ikusgela" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela"><span>Ikusgela</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Txokoa" title="Proiektuaren inguruan, zer egin dezakezu, non aurkitu nahi duzuna"><span>Txokoa</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:AzkenAldaketak" title="Wikiko azken aldaketen zerrenda. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Aldaketa berriak</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Ausazkoa" title="Ausazko orrialde bat kargatu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ausazko orria</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" title="Aurkitzeko lekua."><span>Laguntza</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Azala" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Entziklopedia askea" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eu.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:Bilatu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Bilatu</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" aria-label="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Berezi:Bilatu"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Bilatu</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itxura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itxura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu" class=""><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Presa" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Presa" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Presa" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Presa" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Atalak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atalak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Atalak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Atalak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Atalak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Atalak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Energia_sorkuntzarako_instalazioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energia_sorkuntzarako_instalazioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Energia sorkuntzarako instalazioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energia_sorkuntzarako_instalazioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sailkapena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sailkapena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sailkapena</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sailkapena-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Sailkapena azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sailkapena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Erabilitako_materiala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erabilitako_materiala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Erabilitako materiala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erabilitako_materiala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ur-bulkadari_aurre_egiteko_modua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ur-bulkadari_aurre_egiteko_modua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Ur-bulkadari aurre egiteko modua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ur-bulkadari_aurre_egiteko_modua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Grabitate-presak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grabitate-presak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Grabitate-presak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grabitate-presak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hormabulardun_presak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hormabulardun_presak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Hormabulardun presak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hormabulardun_presak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Material_askeko_presak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Material_askeko_presak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Material askeko presak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Material_askeko_presak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arku-presak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arku-presak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>Arku-presak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arku-presak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beste_batzuk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beste_batzuk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Beste batzuk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beste_batzuk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gizarte_eragina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gizarte_eragina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Gizarte eragina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gizarte_eragina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presak_uraldiei_aurre_egiteko" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presak_uraldiei_aurre_egiteko"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Presak uraldiei aurre egiteko</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presak_uraldiei_aurre_egiteko-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emari_ekologikoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emari_ekologikoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Emari ekologikoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emari_ekologikoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arriskuak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arriskuak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Arriskuak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arriskuak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Arriskuak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Arriskuak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Orovilleko_presa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orovilleko_presa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Orovilleko presa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orovilleko_presa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adibideak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adibideak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Adibideak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Adibideak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Adibideak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Adibideak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Munduan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Munduan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Munduan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Munduan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Euskal_Herrian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Euskal_Herrian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Euskal Herrian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Euskal_Herrian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Presa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 134 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-134" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">134 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam" title="Dam – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Dam" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talsperre" title="Talsperre – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Talsperre" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%8D%E1%8B%B5%E1%89%A5" title="ግድብ – amharera" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ግድብ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entibadera" title="Entibadera – aragoiera" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Entibadera" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AF" title="سد – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AF" title="سد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presa_d%27agua" title="Presa d'agua – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Presa d'agua" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su_b%C9%99ndl%C9%99ri" title="Su bəndləri – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Su bəndləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="سو سدی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سو سدی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Плотина – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Плотина" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tvonka" title="Tvonka – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Tvonka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5)" title="Плаціна (збудаванне) – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Плаціна (збудаванне)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Плаціна – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Плаціна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam" title="Dam – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Dam" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Язовирна стена – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Язовирна стена" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabat" title="Tabat – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Tabat" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%A7" title="বাঁধ – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাঁধ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="ཆུ་རགས། – tibetera" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཆུ་རགས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stankell" title="Stankell – bretoiera" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Stankell" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brana" title="Brana – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Brana" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Уһанай хаалта – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Уһанай хаалта" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presa_d%27aigua" title="Presa d'aigua – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Presa d'aigua" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BC" title="Дэм – txetxenera" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Дэм" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88" title="بەنداو – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بەنداو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bent" title="Bent – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Bent" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99ehrada" title="Přehrada – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Přehrada" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D3%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Пӳлев – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пӳлев" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argae" title="Argae – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Argae" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A6mning" title="Dæmning – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dæmning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talsperre" title="Talsperre – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Talsperre" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendawe" title="Bendawe – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Bendawe" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Φράγμα – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φράγμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam" title="Dam – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Dam" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akvobara%C4%B5o" title="Akvobaraĵo – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Akvobaraĵo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Represa" title="Represa – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Represa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pais" title="Pais – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pais" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presa_idr%C3%A1ulica" title="Presa idráulica – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Presa idráulica" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AF" title="سد – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pato" title="Pato – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pato" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byrgingar" title="Byrgingar – faroera" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Byrgingar" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faroera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrage" title="Barrage – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Barrage" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daam_(wetterkearing)" title="Daam (wetterkearing) – mendebaldeko frisiera" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Daam (wetterkearing)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="mendebaldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damba" title="Damba – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Damba" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A3%A9" title="壩 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="壩" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baraj" title="Baraj – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Baraj" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encoro" title="Encoro – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Encoro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yjoko" title="Yjoko – guaraniera" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Yjoko" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%B3%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A7" title="જળબંધ – gujaratera" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જળબંધ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujaratera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madatsar_ruwa" title="Madatsar ruwa – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Madatsar ruwa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%9B%D7%A8" title="סכר – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סכר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A7" title="बाँध – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बाँध" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam" title="Dam – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Dam" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brana" title="Brana – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Brana" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1t_(v%C3%ADz%C3%A9p%C3%ADt%C3%A9s)" title="Gát (vízépítés) – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gát (vízépítés)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Ամբարտակ – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ամբարտակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendungan" title="Bendungan – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bendungan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Сунт – ingushera" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Сунт" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingushera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquobarilo" title="Aquobarilo – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Aquobarilo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%ADfla" title="Stífla – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stífla" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diga" title="Diga – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Diga" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%83%A0" title="ダム – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ダム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam" title="Dam – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Dam" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendungan" title="Bendungan – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bendungan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="კაშხალი – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კაშხალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C9%A9%C5%8Bgam%CA%8A%CA%8A_(Barrage)" title="Lɩŋgamʊʊ (Barrage) – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Lɩŋgamʊʊ (Barrage)" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Бөгет – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бөгет" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%86" title="ಕಟ್ಟೆ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಟ್ಟೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%90" title="댐 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="댐" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendav" title="Bendav – kurduera" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bendav" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arge" title="Arge – kornubiera" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Arge" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornubiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Плотина – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Плотина" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moles_(agger)" title="Moles (agger) – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Moles (agger)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam_(waterkiering)" title="Dam (waterkiering) – limburgera" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Dam (waterkiering)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diga" title="Diga – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Diga" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diga" title="Diga – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Diga" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nd%C3%BAka" title="Ndúka – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Ndúka" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C5%BEtvanka" title="Užtvanka – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Užtvanka" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aizsprosts" title="Aizsprosts – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Aizsprosts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tohodrano" title="Tohodrano – malgaxea" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tohodrano" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B0)" title="Брана (градба) – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Брана (градба)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="അണക്കെട്ട് – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അണക്കെട്ട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%82_(%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Боомт (далан) – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Боомт (далан)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="धरण – marathera" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="धरण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empangan" title="Empangan – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Empangan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC" title="ရေကာတာ – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရေကာတာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damm" title="Damm – behe-alemana" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Damm" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="behe-alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A7" title="बाँध – nepalera" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बाँध" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%83" title="बपः – newarera" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="बपः" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam_(waterkering)" title="Dam (waterkering) – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dam (waterkering)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demning" title="Demning – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Demning" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demning" title="Demning – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Demning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paissi%C3%A8ra" title="Paissièra – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Paissièra" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%C3%A6%D0%BD" title="Донмарæн – osetiera" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Донмарæн" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B9" title="ਬੰਨ੍ਹ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੰਨ੍ਹ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam" title="Dam – papiamentoa" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Dam" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamentoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapora_wodna" title="Zapora wodna – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zapora wodna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%85" title="ڈیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ڈیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%89%DB%90%D9%85" title="ډېم – paxtunera" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ډېم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxtunera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barragem" title="Barragem – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Barragem" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayu_hark%27a" title="Mayu hark'a – kitxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Mayu hark'a" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kitxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baraj" title="Baraj – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Baraj" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Плотина – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Плотина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A2" title="ᱰᱮᱢ – santalera" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱰᱮᱢ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam" title="Dam – eskoziera" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Dam" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="eskoziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF" title="بند – sindhia" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بند" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brana" title="Brana – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Brana" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam" title="Dam – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dam" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priehrada_(hr%C3%A1dza)" title="Priehrada (hrádza) – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Priehrada (hrádza)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jez" title="Jez – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jez" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhamu" title="Dhamu – shonera" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Dhamu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyoxidheen" title="Biyoxidheen – somaliera" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Biyoxidheen" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diga" title="Diga – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Diga" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Брана – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Брана" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waduk" title="Waduk – sundanera" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Waduk" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dammbyggnad" title="Dammbyggnad – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dammbyggnad" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambo" title="Lambo – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lambo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88" title="அணை – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அணை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F" title="ఆనకట్ట – telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆనకట్ట" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="เขื่อน – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เขื่อน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam" title="Dam – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Dam" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baraj" title="Baraj – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Baraj" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Буа (корылма) – tatarera" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Буа (корылма)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Гребля – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гребля" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF" title="بند – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بند" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%CA%BBg%CA%BBon" title="Toʻgʻon – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Toʻgʻon" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%ADp" title="Đập – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đập" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam" title="Dam – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dam" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%9D%9D" title="水坝 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="水坝" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idami" title="Idami – xhosera" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Idami" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="კაშხალი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კაშხალი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%90%D7%9D" title="דאם – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דאם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%9D%9D" title="水坝 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="水坝" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BAi-p%C3%A0" title="Chúi-pà – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chúi-pà" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A3%A9" title="壩 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="壩" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12323#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Presa" title="Eduki orrialdea ikusi [c]" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Arriarango_urtegiaren_uhatea.jpg/320px-Arriarango_urtegiaren_uhatea.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Arriarango_urtegiaren_uhatea.jpg/480px-Arriarango_urtegiaren_uhatea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Arriarango_urtegiaren_uhatea.jpg/640px-Arriarango_urtegiaren_uhatea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arriarango_urtegia" title="Arriarango urtegia">Arriarango urtegiko</a> presa (<a href="/wiki/Gipuzkoa" title="Gipuzkoa">Gipuzkoa</a>), <a href="/wiki/Nestor_Basterretxea" title="Nestor Basterretxea">Nestor Basterretxearen</a> eskultura duena <a href="/wiki/Isurbide" class="mw-redirect" title="Isurbide">isurbidean</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Gordon_Dam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Gordon_Dam.jpg/320px-Gordon_Dam.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="487" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Gordon_Dam.jpg/480px-Gordon_Dam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Gordon_Dam.jpg/640px-Gordon_Dam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2552" data-file-height="3882" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmaniako</a> Gordon presa.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Presa</b> <a href="/wiki/Horma" title="Horma">horma</a> sendoa da, <a href="/wiki/Ibai" title="Ibai">ibaietan</a> <a href="/wiki/Ur" title="Ur">ura</a> biltzeko edo desbideratzeko egiten dena<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Urtegi" title="Urtegi">Urtegia</a> sortzen du lurrak ureztatzeko, biztanleriaren hornidurarako edo <a href="/wiki/Energia_elektriko" title="Energia elektriko">energia elektrikoa</a> sortzeko. </p><p>Ingeniaritzan harrizko, hormigoizko edo beste material aske batzuez eginiko eustorma bat da, gehienetan ibai edo erreka baten gaineko haitzartean eraikia. Ur-maila igotzen da, horrela ura ureztatze-<a href="/wiki/Ubidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubidea">kanalizazioetara</a> bideratzeko, presapeko guneetan <a href="/wiki/Uholde" title="Uholde">uholdeak</a> eragozteko edo <a href="/wiki/Energia_potentzial" title="Energia potentzial">energia potentziala</a> <a href="/wiki/Energia_zinetiko" title="Energia zinetiko">energia zinetiko</a> bilakatu eta gero horren bitartez energia mekanikoa elementu mugikor bat uraren indarrarekin eragitean. <a href="/wiki/Energia_mekaniko" title="Energia mekaniko">Energia mekanikoa</a> <a href="/wiki/Errota" title="Errota">erroten</a> modura erabil daiteke, edota, <a href="/wiki/Zentral_hidroelektriko" class="mw-redirect" title="Zentral hidroelektriko">zentral hidroelektrikoak</a> egiten duten modura zeharkako modu batean <a href="/wiki/Energia_elektriko" title="Energia elektriko">energia elektrikoa</a> sor daiteke. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Atalak">Atalak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Atalak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Atalak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Presa batek ondorengo atalak izan ahal ditzake: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urtegi" title="Urtegi">Urtegia</a>: presak atxikitzen duen ur-bolumena da.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dike" title="Dike">Dikea</a>: urezko gorputz bat geldiarazten duen horma artifizial edo natural bat da.</li> <li>Presa bera edo eustorma: berez, oinarrizko funtzioak hauek ditu: batetik, eraikuntza osoaren egonkortasuna bermatzea, uraren bultzada hidrostatikoa jasanda, eta, bestetik, ura iragazten ez uztea. Era berean, presan honako hauek bereizten dira: <ul><li>Paramentuak edo ezpondak: urarekin kontaktuan dagoen presaren gorputza mugatzen duten bi gainazal bertikal (edo inklinatu) nagusiak dira, barnealdea edo ibaian gorakoa, eta kanpoaldea edo ibaian beherakoa.</li> <li>Goialdea edo gailurra: presa gainetik mugatzen duen azalera da.</li> <li>Presa-bularrak: eustormaren alboak dira, eta bere kontra jarrita dagoen lurrarekin kontaktuan daude.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimendu" title="Zimendu">Zimenduak</a>: presaren egituraren zatia da, eta horren bidez lurrari kargak transmititzen zaizkio, bai presio hidrostatikoak eragindakoak, bai egituraren berezko pisuarenak.</li></ul></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Llyn_Brianne_spillway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Llyn_Brianne_spillway.jpg/220px-Llyn_Brianne_spillway.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Llyn_Brianne_spillway.jpg/330px-Llyn_Brianne_spillway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Llyn_Brianne_spillway.jpg/440px-Llyn_Brianne_spillway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1404" /></a><figcaption>Llyn Brianne presaren (Gales) gainezkabidea</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gainezkabide" title="Gainezkabide">Gainezkabidea</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> edo <a href="/wiki/Isurbide" class="mw-redirect" title="Isurbide">isurbidea</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: ur soberakinak gainezka egiten duen egitura hidraulikoa da, presa beteta dagoenean.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uhate" title="Uhate">Uhateak</a>: presaren bidez ur-emaria erregulatzeko gailu mekanikoak dira.</li> <li>Hondoko hustubidea: <a href="/wiki/Emari_ekologiko" title="Emari ekologiko">emari ekologikoa</a> presatik behera mantentzeko eta, behar izanez gero, presa husteko aukera ematen du (adibidez, presak huts egin dezakeelako arriskua badago).</li> <li>Hartuneak: presatik ura ateratzeko erabiltzen dira, <a href="/wiki/Zentral_hidroelektriko" class="mw-redirect" title="Zentral hidroelektriko">zentral hidroelektriko</a> bat edo hiri bat hornitzeko, adibidez.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esklusa" title="Esklusa">Esklusak</a>: presan barrena nabigatzea ahalbidetzen dute.</li> <li>Arrainen eskailera<sup class="Template-Fact" title="erreferentzia behar da pasarte honetan" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Erreferentziak" title="Laguntza:Erreferentziak">[erreferentzia behar]</a></sup>: arrainen migrazioa ahalbidetzen du, korrontearen goranzko noranzkoan.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energia_sorkuntzarako_instalazioa">Energia sorkuntzarako instalazioa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Energia sorkuntzarako instalazioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Energia sorkuntzarako instalazioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Hydroelectric_dam.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Hydroelectric_dam.svg/220px-Hydroelectric_dam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Hydroelectric_dam.svg/330px-Hydroelectric_dam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Hydroelectric_dam.svg/440px-Hydroelectric_dam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="390" /></a><figcaption>Zentral hidroelektriko baten zeharkako sekzioa</figcaption></figure> <p>2005. urterako, <a href="/wiki/Energia_hidrauliko" title="Energia hidrauliko">energia hidroelektrikoa</a>, nagusiki presetatik datorren energia, munduko energia elektrikoaren sorkuntzaren % 19 da, eta <a href="/wiki/Energia_berriztagarri" title="Energia berriztagarri">energia berriztagarriaren</a> % 63 baino gehiago. Neurri handi batean energia hidroelektrikoa presa handietan ekoizten da. Hala ere, Txinak, nahiz eta eskala txikian sortu, munduko energia hidroelektrikoaren % 50 sortzen du. </p><p>Energia hidroelektriko gehiena pilatutako uraren <a href="/wiki/Energia_potentzial" title="Energia potentzial">energia potentzialetik</a> dator. Pilatutako ura <a href="/wiki/Turbina" title="Turbina">turbina</a> batera eramaten da, eta turbina horrek <a href="/wiki/Energia_mekaniko" title="Energia mekaniko">energia mekanikoa</a> energia-sorgailu bati igortzen dio. <a href="/wiki/Jariakin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jariakin">Fluidoa</a> bultzatzeko eta sorrera-gaitasuna hobetzeko asmoz, ura karga-hodi baten bitartez igarotzen da, eta honela, bere diseinuari esker, sor litezkeen energia-galerak gutxitzen dira. Eskari elektriko gutxiko uneetan, badira ponpen bitartez edo bertako turbina erabiliz, presara ura itzultzeko gai diren zentralak, eskari handiko uneetan, itzulitako ura berrerabiltzeko. Zentral hauei zentral hidroelektriko itzulgarri edota ponpaketa-zentral deritze. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sailkapena">Sailkapena</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Sailkapena»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Sailkapena"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Presak sailkatzeko irizpide anitz erabil daitezke; hala nola: erabilitako <a href="/wiki/Eraikuntza_ekai" title="Eraikuntza ekai">materiala</a>, uraren <a href="/wiki/Bulkada" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Bulkada">bulkadari</a> aurre egiteko modua, eta abar. Hauek dira horietako batzuk: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Erabilitako_materiala">Erabilitako materiala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erabilitako materiala»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Erabilitako materiala"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Presak eraikitzeko erabiltzen diren materialik ohikoenak naturalak dira: harria, lurra, <a href="/wiki/Harea" title="Harea">harea</a> eta abar. Edonola ere badira material artifizialekin egindakoak ere. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hormigoi" title="Hormigoi">Hormigoizkoak</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlan" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Harlan">Harlanezkoak</a> (<a href="/wiki/Harlandu" title="Harlandu">harlanduak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Harlangaitz" title="Harlangaitz">harlangaitzak</a>).</li> <li>Material askekoak (harri-lubeta, buztin nukleoduna, pantaila asfaltikoduna, homogeneoa).</li> <li>Presa puzgarriak, kulunkariak (baskulagarriak) eta biragarriak (pibotagarriak); hauek tamaina txikiagoa dute.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ur-bulkadari_aurre_egiteko_modua">Ur-bulkadari aurre egiteko modua</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ur-bulkadari aurre egiteko modua»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Ur-bulkadari aurre egiteko modua"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sailkapen hau egiteko kontuan hartzen da urtegian dagoen uraren <a href="/wiki/Bulkada" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Bulkada">bulkadari</a> nola egiten dio aurre presaren gorputzak. Lau mota nagusi bereizi ohi dira: grabitatezkoak, material askekoak, <a href="/wiki/Hormabular" title="Hormabular">hormabulardunak</a> eta arkuzkoak. Baina kontuan hartu behar da hau ez dela sailkapen itxia eta mota hauen arteko nahasketak egon daitezke, adibidez arku-grabitatezko presak. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Presa_de_gravetat.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Presa_de_gravetat.svg/166px-Presa_de_gravetat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="166" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Presa_de_gravetat.svg/249px-Presa_de_gravetat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Presa_de_gravetat.svg/332px-Presa_de_gravetat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="357" /></a><figcaption>Grabitatezko presaren sekzioa</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Grabitate-presak">Grabitate-presak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Grabitate-presak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Grabitate-presak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grabitate-presak<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-#1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gehienbat <a href="/wiki/Hormigoi" title="Hormigoi">hormigoi</a>z (baina batzuetan ere <a href="/wiki/Harri" title="Harri">harri</a> <a href="/wiki/Adreilu" title="Adreilu">adreiluz</a>) egindako presak dira. Gehienetan masiboak izaten dira, ur bolumen handiak eusten dituztelarik. Presa mota hauek ardatz longitudinalean zuzenak dira eta presaren sekzio bakoitza orekan dago, hau da, beste sekzioekiko independentea da. </p><p>Presaren aurkako uraren bultzada horizontala jasateko, grabitatezko presek beraien pisu altua baliatzen dute. <a href="/wiki/Marruskadura-indar" title="Marruskadura-indar">Marruskadura indar</a>ra pisuarekiko zuzenki proportzionala da, beraz, presa zenbat eta pisutsuagoa izan orduan eta uraren bultzada horizontal handiagoa jasateko gai izango da. Hau dela eta presa hauek grabitatezkoak direla esaten da. Izan ere grabitateak eragiten duen beheranzko indarrak presa lurzoruarekin eusten du. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Shasta_dam_under_construction_new_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Shasta_dam_under_construction_new_edit.jpg/220px-Shasta_dam_under_construction_new_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Shasta_dam_under_construction_new_edit.jpg/330px-Shasta_dam_under_construction_new_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Shasta_dam_under_construction_new_edit.jpg/440px-Shasta_dam_under_construction_new_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6022" data-file-height="4498" /></a><figcaption>Grabitatezko presa eraikuntza fasean</figcaption></figure> <p>Presa bat egokia izateko orekan egotea ezinbestekoa da. Horretarako, indar horizontalen batura eta indar bertikalen batura 0 izan behar du. Gainera iraulketa saihesteko, indar momentuen batura edozein punturekiko 0 izan behar du. Azken ezaugarri hau bete dadin, grabitatezko presen sekzioak <a href="/wiki/Hiruki" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiruki">triangelu</a> itxura dauka, non malda handieneko aldea urarekin kontaktuan dagoena den eta malda txikiagoko aldea berriz ur beherakoa izanik. </p><p>Grabitatezko presak oso erabiliak dira zabalak zein estuak diren haranetatik doan <a href="/wiki/Ibai" title="Ibai">ibaia</a> blokeatzeko. Azkenik, presa mota hau gogorra den arroka amaren gain eraikitzea oso garrantzitsua da, presaren zimenduek <a href="/wiki/Presio" title="Presio">presio</a> nahiko handia transmititzen diotelako zoruari. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hormabulardun_presak">Hormabulardun presak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Hormabulardun presak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Hormabulardun presak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hormabular" title="Hormabular">Hormabulardun</a> presak<sup id="cite_ref-#1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-#2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> grabitatezko presen diseinu efizienteagoa dira, izan ere material gutxiago behar da hauek eraikitzeko. Grabitatezkoak bezalaxe, hormigoi zein harrizko adreiluzkoak izan daitezke, <a href="/wiki/Haran" class="mw-redirect" title="Haran">haran</a> zabal zein estuetarako baliagarriak dira eta ezinbestekoa da arroka ama solidoaren gain eraikitzea. </p><p>Uraren bultzadak presa iraultzen saiatzen da, eta hori ekiditeko ur beherako aldean <a href="/wiki/Arku_(arkitektura)" title="Arku (arkitektura)">arku</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Zutabe" title="Zutabe">zutabe</a> inklinatuak daude. Zutabe hauek urak eragiten dituen esfortzuen zati handi bat kanalizatu eta zoruari transmititzen diote. Zutabe inklinatuak distantzia batera daude bata bestetik, eta horrela grabitatezkoekin alderatuta materiala aurreztea lortzen da. Baina egitura konplexuagoa denez, eraikuntza zailagoa eta garestiagoa da, beraz, kasu batzuetan materialaren aldetik aurrezten denak ez du eraikuntzan gastatu behar den diru gehigarria konpentsatzen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Material_askeko_presak">Material askeko presak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Material askeko presak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Material askeko presak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Material askeko presak<sup id="cite_ref-#1_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-#2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> grabitatezko presen antzera lan egiten duten presak dira. Lurrez, arrokaz edota hondakin industrialez eginda egoten dira. Materialak naturalak direnean gehienetan inguruko tokietatik ekartzen dira (garraio kostuak zenbat eta txikiagoak izatea lortzeko). Gainera, ahal izanez gero, egokiena hondeaketa <a href="/wiki/Urtegi" title="Urtegi">urtegiak</a> beteko duen arroan egitea da, horrela urtegiak gorde ahalko duen ur bolumena handiagoa izango da. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:EB1911_Water_Supply,_Earth_Embankment,_Low.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/EB1911_Water_Supply%2C_Earth_Embankment%2C_Low.jpg/534px-EB1911_Water_Supply%2C_Earth_Embankment%2C_Low.jpg" decoding="async" width="534" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/EB1911_Water_Supply%2C_Earth_Embankment%2C_Low.jpg/801px-EB1911_Water_Supply%2C_Earth_Embankment%2C_Low.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/EB1911_Water_Supply%2C_Earth_Embankment%2C_Low.jpg 2x" data-file-width="870" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Material askedun presaren sekzioa. Paddle wall izena daukana nukleo iragazgaitza da.</figcaption></figure> <p>Presa mota hauek muino edo banku itxuran eraikitzen dira, eta hori ondoko irudiko sekzioan ondo ikus daiteke. Presa gehienek beraien erdian nukleo izeneko zonaldea daukate, material iragazgaitzez egindakoa. Nukleo honen funtzioa ura presaren alde batetik bestera igarotzea ekiditea da. Horretarako material <a href="/wiki/Buztin" title="Buztin">buztintsua</a> edo hormigoia erabili daiteke. Presaren ezponden maldak, ezponda naturalen maldaren antzekoak izaten dira. </p><p>Ondoren, nukleoaren bi aldeetan material askeak jartzen dira. Material askea arrokak direnean, hauek oso iragazkorrak direnez, urarekin kontaktuan egongo den azalera, askotan, material iragazgaitzarekin estaltzen da. Funtzio honetarako material erabilienak hormigoia eta hormigoi asfaltikoa dira. </p><p>Mota honetako presak normalean lurzoru bigunak dituzten haran zabaletarako aukeratzen dira. Presaren basea oso zabala denez, esfortzuak zabalera handian zehar banatzen dira eta zoruari eragiten dion presioa txikia da. Esan beharra dago, arroka gogorreko lurzoruetan ere mota honelako presak eraiki daitezkeela. Bestalde, oinaren dimentsio handiek egitura osoaren estabilitate arazorik ez egotea eragiten dute. </p><p>Material askeko presetan urak inondik inora ezin dezake presaren gainetik ihes egin. Hau gertatzekotan urak presa osatzen duten material solteak <a href="/wiki/Higadura" title="Higadura">higatuko</a> lituzke, estabilitatea arrisku oso handian jarriz. Hau ekiditeko hormigoizko <a href="/wiki/Gainezkabide" title="Gainezkabide">gainezkabideak</a> eraikitzen dira, ahal izanez gero, lurzoru naturalaren gainetik, ura material askeetatik zenbat eta urrunago igaro dadin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Arku-presak">Arku-presak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Arku-presak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Arku-presak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Arch_dam_Oymapinar_(Manavgat_River,_Turkey).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Arch_dam_Oymapinar_%28Manavgat_River%2C_Turkey%29.JPG/223px-Arch_dam_Oymapinar_%28Manavgat_River%2C_Turkey%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="223" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Arch_dam_Oymapinar_%28Manavgat_River%2C_Turkey%29.JPG/335px-Arch_dam_Oymapinar_%28Manavgat_River%2C_Turkey%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Arch_dam_Oymapinar_%28Manavgat_River%2C_Turkey%29.JPG/446px-Arch_dam_Oymapinar_%28Manavgat_River%2C_Turkey%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Turkian kokatutako arku presa</figcaption></figure> <p>Arku-presak<sup id="cite_ref-#1_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ura dagoen alderantz kurbatutako egiturak dira. Presa mota hauek V itxurako haran estuetan eraikitzen dira, non zoruan zein alboetako paretetan arroka ama gogorra dagoen, hauek izango baitira presak igorritako esfortzuak jasan beharko dituzten elementuak. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Presa_de_El_Atazar_-_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Presa_de_El_Atazar_-_01.jpg/255px-Presa_de_El_Atazar_-_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="255" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Presa_de_El_Atazar_-_01.jpg/383px-Presa_de_El_Atazar_-_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Presa_de_El_Atazar_-_01.jpg/510px-Presa_de_El_Atazar_-_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>El Atazar-ko arkuzko presa</figcaption></figure> <p>Uraren bultzada horizontala jasateko arku forma oso forma egoki eta efiziente da, alde batetik, bultzada honek arkua konprimatzen duelako egitura sendotuz, esfortzuak zimenduetara eta batez ere alboko paretetara transmititzen dituen bitartean. Bestetik, forma hau efizienteena da, izan ere altuera handiko presak egiteko material gutxiena eskatzen duen presa mota da. Grabitatezko edo material askeko presetan ez bezala (material kantitate oso handiak erabiltzean oinarrituta daudenak), arkuzko presek esfortzuen transmisioaren <a href="/wiki/Ikerkuntza" title="Ikerkuntza">ikerketetan</a> oinarrituta daude nahitaezkoa dena baino material gehiagorik ez erabiltzearren. </p><p>Grabitatezko presekin alderatuta (non lehen azaldu dugun bezala, presaren sekzio bakoitza orekan dagoen eta beste sekzioekiko independentea den), arkuko presetan oreka lortzen da egitura osoa kontuan hartuta. Honek esan nahi du presaren sekzio bakoitzak beste sekzioekiko oso dependentzia handia daukala, eta sekzio batean haustura egotekotan presa osoa puskatuko litzaketela. </p><p>Arkuzko presentzat bi oinarrizko diseinu daude: <a href="/wiki/Kurbadura" title="Kurbadura">kurbadura</a> <a href="/wiki/Erradio_(geometria)" title="Erradio (geometria)">erradio</a> konstantekoak eta erradio aldakorrekoak. Gainera, kurbadura bikoitza daukaten presak ere badaude, plano bertikalarekiko zein horizontalarekiko kurbatuta egonik. Azkenik, normalena arku bakar handi bat soilik izatea bada ere, hainbat arku txikiagoz eratutako presak ere existitzen direla esan beharra dago. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beste_batzuk">Beste batzuk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Beste batzuk»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Beste batzuk"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hainbat sailkapen mota daude: </p> <ul><li>Finkoak edo mugikorrak (puzgarriak , adibidez).</li></ul> <p>Formaren arabera honako hauek izan daitezke: </p> <ul><li>Grabitatezkoak.</li> <li>Kontrahormaduna (horma-bular, ostiko eta kontrahorma ere deitua).</li> <li>Mistoak; tipologia desberdinez osoturiko atalak ditu.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gizarte_eragina">Gizarte eragina</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Gizarte eragina»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Gizarte eragina"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gizartean, presen eragina esanguratsua da. Adibidez, Txinako <a href="/wiki/Ibai_Urdina" title="Ibai Urdina">Ibai Urdineko</a> <a href="/wiki/Hiru_Arroiletako_presa" title="Hiru Arroiletako presa">Hiru Arroiletako presan</a>, 600 kilometroko luzera izango duen <a href="/wiki/Urtegi" title="Urtegi">urtegi</a> bat egin dute. Hura eraikitzeko, milioi bat pertsonatik gora lekualdatu behar izan dira, eta gune arkeologiko eta kultur gune garrantzitsu asko galdu dira. Kalte ekologiko nabarmenak ere eragin ditu. </p><p>Gaur egun arte, uste da mundu osoan 40 - 80 milioi pertsona inguru aterarazi dituztela beren etxeetatik, presen eraikuntzaren ondorioz. Askotan, biztanleriari ez zaio behar adina informazio ematen. 2010eko abuztuan, herri indigenen eskubideak defendatzen dituen <a href="/wiki/Survival_International" title="Survival International">Survival International</a> erakundeak txosten bat argitaratu zuen, non proiektu garrantzitsuen handitze edo eraikuntza-faseak gogor kritikatzen zituen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presak_uraldiei_aurre_egiteko">Presak uraldiei aurre egiteko</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Presak uraldiei aurre egiteko»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Presak uraldiei aurre egiteko"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Presak, ura gordetzeko egiturak diren heinean, uraldiei aurre egiteko tresnak ere badira. Hala, presatik ur-gora euri asko egin eta ibaiak ohikoa baina ur gehiago ekarriko balu, presara iristean urtegiak ura jaso eta gorde egingo luke denbora batean, presatik ur-beherako isurketa murriztuz. Fenomeno horri <a href="/wiki/Laminazio_(hidrologia)" title="Laminazio (hidrologia)">laminazioa</a> deritzo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Emari_ekologikoa">Emari ekologikoa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Emari ekologikoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Emari ekologikoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Emari_ekologiko" title="Emari ekologiko">Emari ekologiko</a>»</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Presa_de_El_Atazar_-_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Presa_de_El_Atazar_-_01.jpg/309px-Presa_de_El_Atazar_-_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="309" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Presa_de_El_Atazar_-_01.jpg/464px-Presa_de_El_Atazar_-_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Presa_de_El_Atazar_-_01.jpg/618px-Presa_de_El_Atazar_-_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>El Altazar izeneko presa, Madrilen.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Arturo_Elosegi_Berria2019-02-02.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Arturo_Elosegi_Berria2019-02-02.png/300px-Arturo_Elosegi_Berria2019-02-02.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Arturo_Elosegi_Berria2019-02-02.png/450px-Arturo_Elosegi_Berria2019-02-02.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Arturo_Elosegi_Berria2019-02-02.png/600px-Arturo_Elosegi_Berria2019-02-02.png 2x" data-file-width="921" data-file-height="558" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Elosegi" title="Arturo Elosegi">Arturo Elosegi</a> ekologoa Enobieta errekaren birsortzea aztertzen, <a href="/wiki/Artikutza" title="Artikutza">Artikutzan</a> (arg: <a href="/wiki/Berria" title="Berria">Berria</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Ibilgu naturaletik dabilen <a href="/wiki/Ur" title="Ur">ura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ekosistema" title="Ekosistema">ekosistemen</a> garapen biologikoarentzat oso garrantzitsua da, ezinbesteko elementua delako. Bertatik, gizakion beharrak ere asetzeko kontsumitzen da, eta kasu askotan, <a href="/wiki/Ibilgu" title="Ibilgu">ibilgu</a> naturaletan aldaketak egiten dira. Aldaketa horiek, normalean, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">presen</a> eraikuntzak dira, eta ekintza horiek induzitutako efektu negatiboak sortzen dituzte. Hala nola, emari naturala aldatzeagatik, ekosistemaren gaitza. Bertako <a href="/wiki/Landaredi" title="Landaredi">landaredia</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna">fauna</a> ingurugiro eta kondizio zehatzak dituzte ibaiaren ibilgutik igarotzen den emariaren menpe, orduan kurtso naturalean aplikatutako aldaketa kaltegarria da horri aurre egiteko prest ez daudelako. </p><p>Hori dela eta, emarien balio minimoak ezartzearen beharra dago, eta horrekin batera, ingurumen-eskakizunaren<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kontzeptua agertzen da. <a href="/wiki/Emari_ekologiko" title="Emari ekologiko">Emari ekologikoa</a> <a href="/wiki/Ibilgu" title="Ibilgu">ibilguan</a> balio ekologikoak babesteko behar den ur <a href="/wiki/Emari" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Emari">emaria</a> da, horrela: </p> <ul><li>flora- eta fauna-aberastasuna duten <a href="/wiki/Habitat_natural" class="mw-redirect" title="Habitat natural">habitat naturalak</a> babesteko,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zerbitzu_ekosistemiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Zerbitzu ekosistemiko">zerbitzu ekosistemikoak</a> mantentzeko, hala nola <a href="/wiki/Uraren_kutsadura" title="Uraren kutsadura">kutsatzaileak</a> disolbatzeko,</li> <li>mutur klimatologikoak eta hidrologikoak moteltzeko,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paisaia" title="Paisaia">paisaia</a> zaintzeko.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arriskuak">Arriskuak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Arriskuak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Arriskuak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Egiturazko lan guztietan gertatzen den bezala, presak huts egiteko edota ibaian behera dauden herriak urpetzeko arriskua dago. <a href="/wiki/Herri-lan_ingeniaritza" class="mw-redirect" title="Herri-lan ingeniaritza">Ingeniaritza zibilak</a> dikearen haustura aukera gutxienekora murrizteko ardura du, muturreko egoeratan duen portaeraren azterketa sakonen bidez edota presaren egonkortasuna kalkulatuz, <a href="/wiki/Lurrikara" title="Lurrikara">lurrikarak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uholde" title="Uholde">uholdeak</a> eta bestelako hondamendiak kontuan hartuta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Orovilleko_presa">Orovilleko presa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Orovilleko presa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Orovilleko presa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Oroville_dam_aerial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Oroville_dam_aerial.jpg/244px-Oroville_dam_aerial.jpg" decoding="async" width="244" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Oroville_dam_aerial.jpg/366px-Oroville_dam_aerial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Oroville_dam_aerial.jpg/488px-Oroville_dam_aerial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="329" /></a><figcaption>Oroville presa</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Oroville_dam_spillway_2017-02-11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Oroville_dam_spillway_2017-02-11.jpg/240px-Oroville_dam_spillway_2017-02-11.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Oroville_dam_spillway_2017-02-11.jpg/360px-Oroville_dam_spillway_2017-02-11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Oroville_dam_spillway_2017-02-11.jpg/480px-Oroville_dam_spillway_2017-02-11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2924" data-file-height="2193" /></a><figcaption>Presako isurbidea 2017-02-11</figcaption></figure> <p>Honen harira <a href="/wiki/Kalifornia" title="Kalifornia">Kaliforniako</a> <a href="/wiki/Oroville_(Kalifornia)" title="Oroville (Kalifornia)">Oroville</a> presan<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gertatutakoa daukagu. Presa hau material askeko presa da eta bi gainezkabide dauzka, horietako bat emergentziazkoa bada ere. Gainezkabide nagusia hormigoiz estalita dagoen bitartean, emergentziazkotik isurtzen den urak lurzoru naturaletik igarotzen da. </p><p>2005 urtean hainbat adituk emergentziazko gainezkabidea hormigoiztatzearen beharra plazaratu zuten, gainezkabide horrek erosioarekiko daukan arriskua azalduz. Baina hori egiteko inbertitu beharreko dirua oso handia zenez, tokiko administraritzak eskaerari uko egin zion. </p><p>2017ko otsailean gainezkabide nagusian <a href="/wiki/Arraildura" title="Arraildura">arrakalak</a> agertu ziren. Arrakala horiek handitzea ekiditeko isurtzen zen ur bolumena txikitzea erabaki zen, urtegiko maila igoaraziz. Baina urtegira sartzen zen ur bolumena oso handia zenez mailak asko egin zuen gora eta otsailaren 11n presaren 48 urteetan lehen aldiz emergentziazko gainezkabidea funtzionamenduan hasi zen. Gainezkabide honek arazo bat dauka: horma ez oso altu bat dela eta bere gainetik alde egiten duen ura ez da leku kanalizatu batetik erortzen, baizik eta menditik, hau da, lurzoru naturaletik. Ordu batzuk geroago, hormaren beheko ezponda higatzen eta erortzen hasi zen, arrakala eta zulo handiak sortuz. Honen arazoa erosioak jarraituz gero hormaren <a href="/wiki/Zimendu" title="Zimendu">zimenduak</a> apurtzeko arriskuan zeudela zen. Otsailaren 13an presaren ur beherako 188.000 pertsona ebakuatu ziren, emergentziazko gainezkabidearen hormaren apurketak urpetuko lukeen eremuan bizi zen biztanleria hain zuzen ere. Azkenean, kamioiak eta helikopteroak baliatuta emergentziazko gainezkabidearen hormaren azpian arroka handiak kokatu ziren, erosioa kontrolatzea lortuz eta hondamendia saihestuz. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adibideak">Adibideak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Adibideak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Adibideak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Munduan">Munduan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Munduan»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Munduan"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">AEB</a> : <a href="/wiki/Hoover_presa" title="Hoover presa">Hoover presa</a> (1931-1935) ;</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/22px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/33px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/44px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Egipto" title="Egipto">Egipto</a> : <a href="/wiki/Aswango_presa" title="Aswango presa">Aswango presa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nilo" title="Nilo">Nilo</a> ibaian ;</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kongoko_Errepublika_Demokratikoa" title="Kongoko Errepublika Demokratikoa">Kongoko Errepublika Demokratikoa</a> : <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingako_presa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ingako presa (sortu gabe)">Ingako presa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kongo_ibai" class="mw-redirect" title="Kongo ibai">Kongo ibaian</a> ;</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/44px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/22px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/33px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/44px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Paraguai" title="Paraguai">Paraguai</a> : <a href="/wiki/Itaipuko_presa" title="Itaipuko presa">Itaipuko presa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1" title="Paraná">Paraná</a> ibaian, mugan ;</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Txinako_Herri_Errepublika" title="Txinako Herri Errepublika">Txina</a> : <a href="/wiki/Hiru_Arroiletako_urtegia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiru Arroiletako urtegia">Hiru Arroiletako urtegia</a> ;</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia">Turkia</a> : <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atat%C3%BCrk_urtegia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atatürk urtegia (sortu gabe)">Atatürk urtegia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eufrates" title="Eufrates">Eufrates</a> ibaian</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Txinako_Herri_Errepublika" title="Txinako Herri Errepublika">Txina</a> : <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinping_I_presa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jinping I presa (sortu gabe)">Jinping I presa</a>, munduko garaiena (305m garai).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Euskal_Herrian">Euskal Herrian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Euskal Herrian»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Euskal Herrian"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euskaltzaindia.eus/index.php?sarrera=presa&option=com_hiztegianbilatu&view=frontpage&Itemid=410&lang=eu&bila=bai">Presa</a> sarrera Euskaltzaindiaren hiztegian (kontsulta: 2020-10-31)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFHarluxet_Hiztegi_Entziklopedikoa">Harluxet Hiztegi Entziklopedikoa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.euskadi.net/harluxet/hiztegia1.asp?sarrera=presa2"><i>Presa2. </i></a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hiztegiak.elhuyar.eus/es_eu/aliviadero">Elhuyar</a> hiztegia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ehu.eus/ehg/cgi/zehazki/bila?m=has&z=aliviadero">Zehazki</a> hiztegia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eadic.com/presas-de-gravedad-tipologias-clasicas-y-esquema-resistente/">«Presas de gravedad. Tipologías clásicas y esquema resistente»</a> <i>EADIC - Cursos y Master para Ingenieros y Arquitectos</i> 2017-07-24 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-10-06)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-#1-6">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-#1_6-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#1_6-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#1_6-2"><sup><b>c</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#1_6-3"><sup><b>d</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ussdams.org/dam-levee-education/overview/types-of-dams/">«Types of Dams | USSD | United States Society on Dams»</a> <i>www.ussdams.org</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-10-06)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-#2-7">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-#2_7-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#2_7-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://britishdams.org/about-dams/dam-information/types-of-dam/">«Types of Dam»</a> <i>britishdams.org</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-10-06)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arch_dam&oldid=981365057"><i>Arch dam. </i></a> 2020-10-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-10-06)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-9"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFBalairón_Pérez2000">Balairón Pérez, Luis.  (2000). <i>Gestión de recursos hídricos. </i> EDICIONS UPC, 249 or. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9788483016268" title="Berezi:BookSources/9788483016268">9788483016268</a>.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eadic.com/explicaciones-sobre-el-suceso-de-la-presa-de-oroville/">«Explicaciones sobre el suceso de la presa de Oroville»</a> <i>EADIC - Cursos y Master para Ingenieros y Arquitectos</i> 2017-06-19 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-10-06)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presa&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urtegi" title="Urtegi">Urtegi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energia_hidrauliko" title="Energia hidrauliko">Energia hidrauliko</a></li></ul> <table style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 4px 0 4px 1em; width: 233px; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.25em; border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wiktionary-logo-eu.png/37px-Wiktionary-logo-eu.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wiktionary-logo-eu.png/55px-Wiktionary-logo-eu.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wiktionary-logo-eu.png/73px-Wiktionary-logo-eu.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1089" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""><b><a class="external text" href="https://eu.wiktionary.org/wiki/Azala?uselang=eu">Wikiztegian</a></b> orri bat dago honi buruz: <i><b><a href="https://eu.wiktionary.org/wiki/presa" class="extiw" title="wikt:presa">presa</a></b></i> .</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7786466">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritate_kontrola" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritate_kontrola" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Autoritate_kontrola" title="Laguntza:Autoritate kontrola">Autoritate kontrola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wikimedia proiektuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12323" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q12323">Q12323</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dams">Dams</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q12323%22">Q12323</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX526478">XX526478</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119470351">119470351</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119470351">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4058956-0">4058956-0</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85035582">sh85035582</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00561245">00561245</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph115986">ph115986</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10638327">10638327</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Architecture_Thesaurus" title="Art & Architecture Thesaurus">AAT</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=&logic=AND&note=&subjectid=300006084">300006084</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/dam-engineering">url</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12323" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q12323">Q12323</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" 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