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.hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese name</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">family name</a> is <i> <a href="/wiki/Guo_(surname)" class="mw-redirect" title="Guo (surname)">Guo (Kuo)</a></i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Guo Huaruo</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="zh">郭化若</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Guo_Huaruo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Guo_Huaruo.jpg/220px-Guo_Huaruo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Guo_Huaruo.jpg/330px-Guo_Huaruo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Guo_Huaruo.jpg/440px-Guo_Huaruo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="683" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Guo in 1955</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Garrison_Command" title="Shanghai Garrison Command">Shanghai Garrison Command</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />August 1949 – August 1955</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Song_Shilun" title="Song Shilun">Song Shilun</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Wang Bicheng</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Political Commissar the Shanghai Garrison Command</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />May 1949 – November 1950</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">New title</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Li Shiying</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Guo Kebin (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">郭可彬</span></span>)</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1904-08-10</span>)</span>10 August 1904<br /><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing China</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">26 November 1995<span style="display:none">(1995-11-26)</span> (aged 91)<br /><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, China</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Military_Academy" title="Republic of China Military Academy">Republic of China Military Academy</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/New_Guangxi_clique" title="New Guangxi clique">New Guangxi clique</a> (1923–1927)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%A5%E8%BE%B2%E7%B4%85%E8%BB%8D%E8%BB%8D%E6%97%97.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%A5%E8%BE%B2%E7%B4%85%E8%BB%8D%E8%BB%8D%E6%97%97.svg/22px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%A5%E8%BE%B2%E7%B4%85%E8%BB%8D%E8%BB%8D%E6%97%97.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%A5%E8%BE%B2%E7%B4%85%E8%BB%8D%E8%BB%8D%E6%97%97.svg/33px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%A5%E8%BE%B2%E7%B4%85%E8%BB%8D%E8%BB%8D%E6%97%97.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%A5%E8%BE%B2%E7%B4%85%E8%BB%8D%E8%BB%8D%E6%97%97.svg/44px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%A5%E8%BE%B2%E7%B4%85%E8%BB%8D%E8%BB%8D%E6%97%97.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="229" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Red_Army" title="Chinese Red Army">Chinese Red Army</a> (1927–1937)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Route_Army" title="Eighth Route Army">Eighth Route Army</a> (1937–1947)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ground_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/21px-Ground_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ground_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Ground_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ground_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/43px-Ground_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Ground_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Ground Force">People's Liberation Army Ground Force</a> (1947–1985)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1923–1985</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PLALtGeneral_r.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/PLALtGeneral_r.png/50px-PLALtGeneral_r.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/PLALtGeneral_r.png/75px-PLALtGeneral_r.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/PLALtGeneral_r.png/100px-PLALtGeneral_r.png 2x" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="99" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general" title="Lieutenant general">Lieutenant general</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Bayi_1st_Class.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Order_of_Bayi_1st_Class.svg/40px-Order_of_Bayi_1st_Class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Order_of_Bayi_1st_Class.svg/60px-Order_of_Bayi_1st_Class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Order_of_Bayi_1st_Class.svg/80px-Order_of_Bayi_1st_Class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="830" data-file-height="279" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/August_1_Medal_(1955)" title="August 1 Medal (1955)">August 1 Medal</a> (1st Class)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Independence_and_Freedom_1st_Class.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Order_of_Independence_and_Freedom_1st_Class.svg/40px-Order_of_Independence_and_Freedom_1st_Class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Order_of_Independence_and_Freedom_1st_Class.svg/60px-Order_of_Independence_and_Freedom_1st_Class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Order_of_Independence_and_Freedom_1st_Class.svg/80px-Order_of_Independence_and_Freedom_1st_Class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="830" data-file-height="279" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Independence_and_Freedom" title="Order of Independence and Freedom">Order of Independence and Freedom</a> (1st Class)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Liberation_1st_Class.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Order_of_Liberation_1st_Class.svg/40px-Order_of_Liberation_1st_Class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Order_of_Liberation_1st_Class.svg/60px-Order_of_Liberation_1st_Class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Order_of_Liberation_1st_Class.svg/80px-Order_of_Liberation_1st_Class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="830" data-file-height="279" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Liberation_(China)" title="Order of Liberation (China)">Order of Liberation</a> (1st Class)</li> <li>Red Star Merit Honor Medal (1st Class)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%83%AD" class="extiw" title="wikt:郭">郭</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96" class="extiw" title="wikt:化">化</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%8B%A5" class="extiw" title="wikt:若">若</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Guō Huàruò</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Kuo Hua-jo</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Birth name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%83%AD" class="extiw" title="wikt:郭">郭</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8F%AF" class="extiw" title="wikt:可">可</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BD%AC" class="extiw" title="wikt:彬">彬</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Guō Kěbīn</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Guo Huaruo</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">郭化若</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Guō Huàruò</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn-wadegile">Kuo Hua-jo</span></i>; 1904−1995) was a Chinese military strategist and <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general" title="Lieutenant general">lieutenant general</a> of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a>. According to Alastair Iain Johnston, Guo was until the mid-1980s "the CCP's most authoritative interpreter and annotator" of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_War" title="The Art of War">The Art of War</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Sun_Tzu" title="Sun Tzu">Sun Tzu</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Katzenstein247_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katzenstein247-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but Guo was "practically unknown in the West".<sup id="cite_ref-SunGriffith56_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SunGriffith56-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Johnson said 'Guo stressed that from a Marxist–Leninist perspective the notion of "not fighting and subduing the enemy"'—the core of the conventional interpretation of Sun Zi—was un-<a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a>, since class enemies could not be credibly defeated without the application of violence.'<sup id="cite_ref-Katzenstein247_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katzenstein247-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around June 4, 1937, Guo was the dean of studies of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingyang_Infantry_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qingyang Infantry School (page does not exist)">Qingyang Infantry School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guo_Huaruo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guo wrote <i>A Preliminary Study of Sun Tzu's Art of War</i> (T: 孫子兵法初步研究, S: 孙子兵法初步研究, P: <i>Sūnzǐ Bīngfǎ Chūbù Yánjiū</i>), which was completed in 1939. It was used as a military textbook in areas controlled by Communists. The book says "The position Kuo has now enjoyed as a leading military theoretician seems to date from that period."<sup id="cite_ref-SunGriffith56_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SunGriffith56-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1971, Guo's latest edition of <i>The Art of War</i> was <i>A Modern Translation with New Chapter Arrangement of Sun Tzu's ʻArt of Warʼ</i> (T: 今譯新編孫子兵法, S: 今译新编孙子兵法, P: <i>Jīnyì Xīn Biān Sūnzǐ Bīngfǎ</i>). In this edition, Guo rearranged the material, used Simplified Chinese, and phrased Sun Tzu's verses in colloquial Chinese.<sup id="cite_ref-SunGriffith56_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SunGriffith56-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_works">List of works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guo_Huaruo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: List of works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>A Preliminary Study of Sun Tzu's Art of War</i> (T: 孫子兵法初步研究, S: 孙子兵法初步研究, P: <i>Sūnzǐ Bīngfǎ Chūbù Yánjiū</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-SunGriffith56_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SunGriffith56-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>A Modern Translation with New Chapter Arrangement of Sun Tzu's ʻArt of Warʼ</i> (T: 今譯新編孫子兵法, S: 今译新编孙子兵法, P: <i>Jīnyì Xīn Biān Sūnzǐ Bīngfǎ</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-SunGriffith56_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SunGriffith56-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Guo Huaruo's Selected Essays on Military Affairs</i> (S: 郭化若军事论文选集, T: 郭化若軍事論文選集 <i>Jūnshì Lùnwén Xuǎnjí</i>). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberation_Army_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberation Army Press (page does not exist)">Liberation Army Press</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>), 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-Katzenstein247_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katzenstein247-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Includes "Sun Zi yi zhu' qian yan," the preface to "Translation and Annotation of Sun Zi," 1983.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guo_Huaruo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Katzenstein247-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Katzenstein247_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Katzenstein247_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Katzenstein247_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Katzenstein (1996), p. 247.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SunGriffith56-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SunGriffith56_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SunGriffith56_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SunGriffith56_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SunGriffith56_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SunGriffith56_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sun_Tzu" title="Sun Tzu">Sun Tzu</a> (trans. Griffith; 1971), p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schram (1997), p. 675.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guo_Huaruo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Johnston, Alastair Iain. "Cultural Realism and Strategy in Maoist China." Located in: Katzenstein, Peter J. (Contributor: Social Science Research Council (U.S.). Committee on International Peace & Security) <i>The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics</i>. <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>, 1996. pp. 216–268. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0231104693" title="Special:BookSources/0231104693">0231104693</a>, 9780231104692.</li> <li>Schram, Stuart R. <i>Mao's Road to Power - Revolutionary Writings, 1912-1949: The Pre-Marxist Period, 1912-1920</i>. <a href="/wiki/M.E._Sharpe" class="mw-redirect" title="M.E. Sharpe">M.E. Sharpe</a>, April 1, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1563244578" title="Special:BookSources/1563244578">1563244578</a>, 9781563244575.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Tzu" title="Sun Tzu">Sun, Tzu</a> (translation and introduction by Samuel B. Griffith, foreword by B.H. Liddell Hart). <i>The Art of War</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, September 15, 1971. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5QKhUYU-rwAC&dq=%22Sun-Tzu+Ping-Fa%22&pg=PA56">56</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0195014766" title="Special:BookSources/0195014766">0195014766</a>, 9780195014761.</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #CF9C65;">Military offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New title</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Political Commissar the Shanghai Garrison Command </b><br />1949–1950 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Li Shiying</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Song_Shilun" title="Song Shilun">Song Shilun</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Garrison_Command" title="Shanghai Garrison Command">Shanghai Garrison Command</a> </b><br />1949–1955 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Wang Bicheng</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bao_Xianzhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bao Xianzhi (page does not exist)">Bao Xianzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bi_Zhanyun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bi Zhanyun (page does not exist)">Bi Zhanyun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cai_Shunli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cai Shunli (page does not exist)">Cai Shunli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Lihuai" title="Cao Lihuai">Cao Lihuai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chang_Qiankun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chang Qiankun (page does not exist)">Chang Qiankun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chen_Kang_(general)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chen Kang (general) (page does not exist)">Chen Kang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chen_Qingxian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chen Qingxian (page does not exist)">Chen Qingxian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chen_Renqi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chen Renqi (page does not exist)">Chen Renqi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chen_Xianrui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chen Xianrui (page does not exist)">Chen Xianrui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Zhengxiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Chen Zhengxiang">Chen Zhengxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheng_Jun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cheng Jun (page does not exist)">Cheng Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheng_Shikai" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheng Shikai">Cheng Shikai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cui_Tianmin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cui Tianmin (page does not exist)">Cui Tianmin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deng_Yifan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deng Yifan (page does not exist)">Deng Yifan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ding_Qiusheng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ding Qiusheng (page does not exist)">Ding Qiusheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogan_Penjor_Rabgye" title="Dogan Penjor Rabgye">Dogan Penjor Rabgye</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Du_Ping_(general)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Du Ping (general) (page does not exist)">Du Ping</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Du_Yide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Du Yide (page does not exist)">Du Yide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dun_Xingyun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dun Xingyun (page does not exist)">Dun Xingyun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fan_Chaoli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fan Chaoli (page does not exist)">Fan Chaoli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fang_Qiang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fang Qiang (page does not exist)">Fang Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fang_Zhengping&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fang Zhengping (page does not exist)">Fang Zhengping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Fu" title="Nelson Fu">Fu Lianzhang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gan_Weihan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gan Weihan (page does not exist)">Gan Weihan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guo Huaruo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guo_Peng_(general)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guo Peng (general) (page does not exist)">Guo Peng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Han_Liancheng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Han Liancheng (page does not exist)">Han Liancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Han_Wei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Han Wei (page does not exist)">Han Wei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Han_Zhengji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Han Zhengji (page does not exist)">Han Zhengji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Cheng" title="He Cheng">He Cheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Dequan" title="He Dequan">He Dequan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hu_Qicai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hu Qicai (page does not exist)">Hu Qicai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huang_Huoxing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huang Huoxing (page does not exist)">Huang Huoxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Xinting" title="Huang Xinting">Huang Xinting</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huang_Zhiyong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huang Zhiyong (page does not exist)">Huang Zhiyong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kang_Zhiqiang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kang Zhiqiang (page does not exist)">Kang Zhiqiang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kong_Congzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kong Congzhou (page does not exist)">Kong Congzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kong_Qingde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kong Qingde (page does not exist)">Kong Qingde</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kong_Shiquan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kong Shiquan (page does not exist)">Kong Shiquan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuang_Fuzhao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuang Fuzhao (page does not exist)">Kuang Fuzhao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuang_Rennong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuang Rennong (page does not exist)">Kuang Rennong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuang_Yumin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuang Yumin (page does not exist)">Kuang Yumin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Yi" class="mw-redirect" title="Lai Yi">Lai Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Chengfang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Chengfang (page does not exist)">Li Chengfang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Shouxuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Shouxuan (page does not exist)">Li Shouxuan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Tianhuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Tianhuan (page does not exist)">Li Tianhuan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Xuesan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Xuesan (page does not exist)">Li Xuesan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Yao_(general)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Yao (general) (page does not exist)">Li Yao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Zuopeng" title="Li Zuopeng">Li Zuopeng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liang_Biye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liang Biye (page does not exist)">Liang Biye</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liang_Congxue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liang Congxue (page does not exist)">Liang Congxue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liang_Xingchu" title="Liang Xingchu">Liang Xingchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liao_Hansheng" title="Liao Hansheng">Liao Hansheng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liao_Rongbiao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liao Rongbiao (page does not exist)">Liao Rongbiao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lin_Weixian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lin Weixian (page does not exist)">Lin Weixian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Changyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Changyi (page does not exist)">Liu Changyi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Daosheng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Daosheng (page does not exist)">Liu Daosheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Fei_(general)" title="Liu Fei (general)">Liu Fei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Haotian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Haotian (page does not exist)">Liu Haotian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Jinxuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Jinxuan (page does not exist)">Liu Jinxuan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Peishan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Peishan (page does not exist)">Liu Peishan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Shaowen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Shaowen (page does not exist)">Liu Shaowen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Xiansheng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Xiansheng (page does not exist)">Liu Xiansheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Xingyuan" title="Liu Xingyuan">Liu Xingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Xiyuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Xiyuan (page does not exist)">Liu Xiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhijian" title="Liu Zhijian">Liu Zhijian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Zhong_(general)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Zhong (general) (page does not exist)">Liu Zhong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Zhuanlian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Zhuanlian (page does not exist)">Liu 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href="/wiki/Tan_Furen" title="Tan Furen">Tan Furen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tan_Guansan" title="Tan Guansan">Tan Guansan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tan_Jian_(general)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tan Jian (general) (page does not exist)">Tan Jian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tan_Jiashu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tan Jiashu (page does not exist)">Tan Jiashu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tan_Xilin" title="Tan Xilin">Tan Xilin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tang_Ping&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tang Ping (page does not exist)">Tang Ping</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tang_Tianji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tang Tianji (page does not exist)">Tang Tianji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tang_Yanjie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tang Yanjie (page does not exist)">Tang Yanjie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tao_Yong" title="Tao Yong">Tao Yong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teng_Haiqing" title="Teng Haiqing">Teng Haiqing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tian_Weiyang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tian Weiyang (page does not exist)">Tian Weiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wan_Yi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wan Yi (page does not exist)">Wan Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Bicheng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wang Bicheng (page does not exist)">Wang Bicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Bingzhang_(general)" title="Wang Bingzhang (general)">Wang Bingzhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Daobang" title="Wang Daobang">Wang Daobang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Enmao" title="Wang Enmao">Wang Enmao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Huiqiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wang Huiqiu (page does not exist)">Wang Huiqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Jinshan_(general)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wang Jinshan (general) (page does not exist)">Wang Jinshan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Shangrong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wang Shangrong (page does not exist)">Wang Shangrong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Zheng_(general)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wang Zheng (general) (page does not exist)">Wang Zheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Zifeng" title="Wang Zifeng">Wang Zifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Zonghuai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wang Zonghuai (page does not exist)">Wang Zonghuai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wei_Jie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wei Jie (page does not exist)">Wei Jie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wen_Niansheng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wen Niansheng (page does not exist)">Wen Niansheng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wen_Yucheng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wen Yucheng (page does not exist)">Wen Yucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Faxian" title="Wu Faxian">Wu Faxian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wu_Fushan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wu Fushan (page does not exist)">Wu Fushan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wu_Kehua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wu Kehua (page does not exist)">Wu Kehua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wu_Ruilin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wu Ruilin (page does not exist)">Wu Ruilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Xian%27en" title="Wu Xian'en">Wu Xian'en</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wu_Xinquan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wu Xinquan (page does not exist)">Wu Xinquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xian_Henghan" title="Xian Henghan">Xian Henghan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiang_Zhonghua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiang Zhonghua (page does not exist)">Xiang Zhonghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao_Wangdong" title="Xiao Wangdong">Xiao Wangdong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao_Xiangrong" title="Xiao Xiangrong">Xiao Xiangrong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiao_Xinhuai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiao Xinhuai (page does not exist)">Xiao Xinhuai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xie_Youfa" title="Xie Youfa">Xie Youfa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xu_Binzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xu Binzhou (page does not exist)">Xu Binzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Liqing" title="Xu Liqing">Xu Liqing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xu_Shenji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xu Shenji (page does not exist)">Xu Shenji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yan_Fusheng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yan Fusheng (page does not exist)">Yan Fusheng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yan_Kuiyao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yan Kuiyao (page does not exist)">Yan Kuiyao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Guofu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yang 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not exist)">Zeng Guohua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeng_Shaoshan" title="Zeng Shaoshan">Zeng Shaoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeng_Siyu" title="Zeng Siyu">Zeng Siyu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeng_Zesheng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeng Zesheng (page does not exist)">Zeng Zesheng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhan_Caifang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhan Caifang (page does not exist)">Zhan Caifang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhang_Caiqian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhang Caiqian (page does not exist)">Zhang Caiqian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhang_Chiming_(general)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhang Chiming (general) (page does not exist)">Zhang Chiming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Dazhi" title="Zhang Dazhi">Zhang Dazhi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhang_Fan_(general)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhang Fan (general) (page does not exist)">Zhang 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