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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High-temperature_mineral_wool" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High-temperature_mineral_wool"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>High-temperature mineral wool</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-High-temperature_mineral_wool-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle High-temperature mineral wool subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-High-temperature_mineral_wool-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Definitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Definitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alkaline_earth_silicate_wool_(AES_wool)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alkaline_earth_silicate_wool_(AES_wool)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Alkaline earth silicate wool (AES wool)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alkaline_earth_silicate_wool_(AES_wool)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alumino_silicate_wool_(ASW)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alumino_silicate_wool_(ASW)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Alumino silicate wool (ASW)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alumino_silicate_wool_(ASW)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polycrystalline_wool_(PCW)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polycrystalline_wool_(PCW)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>Polycrystalline wool (PCW)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polycrystalline_wool_(PCW)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaowool" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaowool"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.4</span> <span>Kaowool</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaowool-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manufacture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manufacture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Manufacture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manufacture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Use</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Use-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Use subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hydroponics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydroponics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Hydroponics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydroponics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High-temperature_mineral_wool_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High-temperature_mineral_wool_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>High-temperature mineral wool</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High-temperature_mineral_wool_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Safety_of_material" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safety_of_material"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Safety of material</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Safety_of_material-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Safety of material subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Safety_of_material-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Crystalline_silica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crystalline_silica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Crystalline silica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crystalline_silica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Substitutes_for_mineral_wool_in_construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Substitutes_for_mineral_wool_in_construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Substitutes for mineral wool in construction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Substitutes_for_mineral_wool_in_construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mineral wool</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81_%D8%B5%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="صوف صخري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صوف صخري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Минерална вата – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Минерална вата" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miner%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_vata" title="Minerální vata – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Minerální vata" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineraluld" title="Mineraluld – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mineraluld" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralwolle" title="Mineralwolle – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mineralwolle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineraalvill" title="Mineraalvill – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mineraalvill" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Πετροβάμβακας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πετροβάμβακας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minerala_lano" title="Minerala lano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Minerala lano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B4%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF" title="پشم سنگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پشم سنگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laine_min%C3%A9rale" title="Laine minérale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Laine minérale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%94%EB%A9%B4" title="암면 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="암면" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Միներալային բամբակ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միներալային բամբակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3" title="खनिज ऊर्ण – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="खनिज ऊर्ण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralna_vuna" title="Mineralna vuna – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mineralna vuna" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockwool" title="Rockwool – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rockwool" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D" title="צמר סלעים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צמר סלעים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%96%D0%B7" title="Минерал мақталы киіз – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Минерал мақталы киіз" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miner%C4%81lvate" title="Minerālvate – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Minerālvate" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazaltgyapot" title="Bazaltgyapot – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bazaltgyapot" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%81_%D1%85%D3%A9%D0%B2%D3%A9%D0%BD" title="Эрдэс хөвөн – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эрдэс хөвөн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minerale_wol" title="Minerale wol – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Minerale wol" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%A6%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="ロックウール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロックウール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralull" title="Mineralull – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mineralull" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralull" title="Mineralull – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mineralull" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/We%C5%82na_mineralna" title="Wełna mineralna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wełna mineralna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vat%C4%83_mineral%C4%83" title="Vată minerală – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vată minerală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Минеральная вата – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Минеральная вата" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_wool" title="Mineral wool – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mineral wool" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miner%C3%A1lna_vlna" title="Minerálna vlna – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Minerálna vlna" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralna_volna" title="Mineralna volna – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mineralna volna" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralna_vuna" title="Mineralna vuna – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mineralna vuna" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineraalivilla" title="Mineraalivilla – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mineraalivilla" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralull" title="Mineralull – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mineralull" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Мінеральна вата – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мінеральна вата" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B4ng_kho%C3%A1ng" title="Bông khoáng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bông khoáng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning mw-revision"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content"><div id="mw-revision-info-current"><b>This is the <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">current revision</a> of this page, as edited by <span id="mw-revision-name"><a href="/wiki/User:FMSky" class="mw-userlink" title="User:FMSky" data-mw-revid="1233029228"><bdi>FMSky</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:FMSky" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:FMSky">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/FMSky" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/FMSky">contribs</a>)</span></span> at <span id="mw-revision-date">22:11, 6 July 2024</span><span id="mw-revision-summary"> <span class="comment">(Reverted 1 edit by <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Tanishkachopra" title="Special:Contributions/Tanishkachopra">Tanishkachopra</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Tanishkachopra" title="User talk:Tanishkachopra">talk</a>) to last revision by 69.126.242.10)</span></span>. The present address (URL) is a <a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">permanent link</a> to this version.</b><span id="revision-info-current-plain" style="display: none;">Revision as of 22:11, 6 July 2024 by <a href="/wiki/User:FMSky" class="mw-userlink" title="User:FMSky" data-mw-revid="1233029228"><bdi>FMSky</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:FMSky" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:FMSky">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/FMSky" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/FMSky">contribs</a>)</span> <span class="comment">(Reverted 1 edit by <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Tanishkachopra" title="Special:Contributions/Tanishkachopra">Tanishkachopra</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Tanishkachopra" title="User talk:Tanishkachopra">talk</a>) to last revision by 69.126.242.10)</span></span></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_wool&diff=prev&oldid=1233029228" title="Mineral wool">diff</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_wool&direction=prev&oldid=1233029228" title="Mineral wool">← Previous revision</a> | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Fiber made from spun molten minerals</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Rockwool" redirects here. 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This article has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Mineral_wool" title="Special:EditPage/Mineral wool">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Mineral_wool" title="Talk:Mineral wool">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Mineral_wool" title="Special:EditPage/Mineral wool">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Mineral+wool%22">"Mineral wool"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Mineral+wool%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Mineral+wool%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Mineral+wool%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Mineral+wool%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Mineral+wool%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rockwool_4lbs_per_ft3_fibrex5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Rockwool_4lbs_per_ft3_fibrex5.jpg/220px-Rockwool_4lbs_per_ft3_fibrex5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Rockwool_4lbs_per_ft3_fibrex5.jpg/330px-Rockwool_4lbs_per_ft3_fibrex5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Rockwool_4lbs_per_ft3_fibrex5.jpg/440px-Rockwool_4lbs_per_ft3_fibrex5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1422" data-file-height="951" /></a><figcaption>Mineral wool close-up</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rochwool_pipe_covering_wh_fire_test.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Rochwool_pipe_covering_wh_fire_test.jpg/170px-Rochwool_pipe_covering_wh_fire_test.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Rochwool_pipe_covering_wh_fire_test.jpg/255px-Rochwool_pipe_covering_wh_fire_test.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Rochwool_pipe_covering_wh_fire_test.jpg/340px-Rochwool_pipe_covering_wh_fire_test.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2363" data-file-height="3547" /></a><figcaption>Mineral wool pipe covering applied to a steel pipe for a <a href="/wiki/Fire_test" title="Fire test">fire test</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Mineral wool</b> is any <a href="/wiki/Fiber" title="Fiber">fibrous</a> material formed by <a href="/wiki/Spinning_(polymers)#Melt_spinning" title="Spinning (polymers)">spinning</a> or <a href="/wiki/Drawing_(manufacturing)#Plastic_drawing" title="Drawing (manufacturing)">drawing</a> molten <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a> or rock materials such as <a href="/wiki/Slag" title="Slag">slag</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ceramic_material" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceramic material">ceramics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Applications of mineral wool include <a href="/wiki/Thermal_insulation" title="Thermal insulation">thermal insulation</a> (as both <a href="/wiki/Building_insulation" title="Building insulation">structural insulation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pipe_insulation" title="Pipe insulation">pipe insulation</a>), <a href="/wiki/Filtration" title="Filtration">filtration</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soundproofing" title="Soundproofing">soundproofing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hydroponics" title="Hydroponics">hydroponic</a> growth medium. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naming">Naming</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_wool&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Naming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mineral wool is also known as <i>mineral cotton</i>, <i>mineral fiber</i>, <i>man-made mineral fiber</i> (MMMF), and <i>man-made vitreous fiber</i> (MMVF). </p><p>Specific mineral wool products are <i>stone wool</i> and <i>slag wool</i>. Europe<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (May 2020)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> also includes <a href="/wiki/Glass_wool" title="Glass wool">glass wool</a> which, together with <a href="/wiki/Ceramic" title="Ceramic">ceramic</a> fiber, are entirely artificial fibers that can be made into different shapes and are spiky to touch. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_wool&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Slag wool was first made in 1840 in <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> by Edward Parry, "but no effort appears to have been made to confine the wool after production; consequently it floated about the works with the slightest breeze, and became so injurious to the men that the process had to be abandoned".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A method of making mineral wool was patented in the United States in 1870 by John Player<sup id="cite_ref-Appleton_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Appleton-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and first produced commercially in 1871 at <a href="/wiki/Georgsmarienh%C3%BCtte" title="Georgsmarienhütte">Georgsmarienhütte</a> in <a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck" title="Osnabrück">Osnabrück</a> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. The process involved blowing a strong stream of air across a falling flow of liquid iron slag which was similar to the natural occurrence of fine strands of volcanic slag from <a href="/wiki/Kilauea" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilauea">Kilauea</a> called <a href="/wiki/Pele%27s_hair" title="Pele's hair">Pele's hair</a> created by strong winds blowing apart the slag during an eruption.<sup id="cite_ref-Appleton_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Appleton-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hallway_insulation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Hallway_insulation.jpg/220px-Hallway_insulation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Hallway_insulation.jpg/330px-Hallway_insulation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Hallway_insulation.jpg/440px-Hallway_insulation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4718" data-file-height="3440" /></a><figcaption>Common insulation applications in an <a href="/wiki/Apartment_building" class="mw-redirect" title="Apartment building">apartment building</a></figcaption></figure> <p>According to a mineral wool manufacturer, the first mineral wool intended for high-temperature applications was invented in the United States in 1942 but was not commercially viable until approximately 1953. More forms of mineral wool became available in the 1970s and 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="High-temperature_mineral_wool">High-temperature mineral wool <span class="anchor" id="HTMW"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_wool&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: High-temperature mineral wool"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Industrial_furnace_equipped_with_HTIW_modules.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Industrial_furnace_equipped_with_HTIW_modules.jpg/220px-Industrial_furnace_equipped_with_HTIW_modules.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Industrial_furnace_equipped_with_HTIW_modules.jpg/330px-Industrial_furnace_equipped_with_HTIW_modules.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Industrial_furnace_equipped_with_HTIW_modules.jpg/440px-Industrial_furnace_equipped_with_HTIW_modules.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Industrial furnace equipped with high-temperature mineral wool modules</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Industrial_furnace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Industrial_furnace.jpg/170px-Industrial_furnace.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Industrial_furnace.jpg/255px-Industrial_furnace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Industrial_furnace.jpg/340px-Industrial_furnace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Industrial furnace in operation, equipped with high-temperature mineral wool</figcaption></figure> <p>High-temperature mineral wool is a type of mineral wool created for use as high-temperature insulation and generally defined as being resistant to temperatures above 1,000 °C. This type of insulation is usually used in industrial furnaces and foundries. Because high-temperature mineral wool is costly to produce and has limited availability, it is almost exclusively used in high-temperature industrial applications and processes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Definitions">Definitions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_wool&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Definitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Classification temperature is the temperature at which a certain amount of linear contraction (usually two to four percent) is not exceeded after a 24-hour heat treatment in an electrically heated <a href="/wiki/Laboratory_oven" title="Laboratory oven">laboratory oven</a> in a neutral atmosphere. Depending on the type of product, the value may not exceed two percent for boards and shaped products and four percent for mats and papers. </p><p>The classification temperature is specified in 50 °C steps starting at 850 °C and up to 1600 °C. The classification temperature does not mean that the product can be used continuously at this temperature. In the field, the continuous application temperature of <a href="/wiki/Amorphous_solid" title="Amorphous solid">amorphous</a> high-temperature mineral wool (<a href="#Alkaline_earth_silicate_wool_(AES_wool)">AES</a> and <a href="#Alumino_silicate_wool_(ASW)">ASW</a>) is typically 100 °C to 150 °C below the classification temperature. Products made of polycrystalline wool can generally be used up to the classification temperature.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Types">Types</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_wool&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are several types of high-temperature mineral wool made from different types of minerals. The mineral chosen results in different material properties and classification temperatures. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Alkaline_earth_silicate_wool_(AES_wool)"><span id="Alkaline_earth_silicate_wool_.28AES_wool.29"></span>Alkaline earth silicate wool (AES wool)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_wool&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Alkaline earth silicate wool (AES wool)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>AES wool consists of amorphous glass fibers that are produced by melting a combination of calcium oxide (CaO−), magnesium oxide (MgO−), and silicon dioxide (SiO<sub>2</sub>). Products made from AES wool are generally used in equipment that continuously operates and in domestic appliances. Some formulations of AES wool are bio-soluble, meaning they dissolve in bodily fluids within a few weeks and are quickly cleared from the lungs.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Alumino_silicate_wool_(ASW)"><span id="Alumino_silicate_wool_.28ASW.29"></span>Alumino silicate wool (ASW)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_wool&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Alumino silicate wool (ASW)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alumino silicate wool, also known as refractory ceramic fiber (RCF), consists of amorphous fibers produced by melting a combination of aluminum oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) and silicon dioxide (SiO<sub>2</sub>), usually in a weight ratio 50:50 (see also VDI 3469 Parts 1 and 5,<sup id="cite_ref-VDI_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VDI-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as TRGS 521). Products made of alumino silicate wool are generally used at application temperatures of greater than 900 °C for equipment that operates intermittently and in critical application conditions (see Technical Rules TRGS 619).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Polycrystalline_wool_(PCW)"><span id="Polycrystalline_wool_.28PCW.29"></span>Polycrystalline wool (PCW)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_wool&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Polycrystalline wool (PCW)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Polycrystalline wool consists of fibers that contain aluminum oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) at greater than 70 percent of the total materials and is produced by <a href="/wiki/Sol%E2%80%93gel_process" title="Sol–gel process">sol–gel method</a> from aqueous spinning solutions. The water-soluble green fibers obtained as a precursor are crystallized by means of heat treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-VDI_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VDI-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Polycrystalline wool is generally used at application temperatures greater than 1300 °C and in critical chemical and physical application conditions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kaowool">Kaowool</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_wool&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Kaowool"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kaowool is a type of high-temperature mineral wool made from the mineral <a href="/wiki/Kaolin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaolin">kaolin</a>. It was one of the first types of high-temperature mineral wool invented and has been used into the 21st century.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can withstand temperatures close to 1,650 °C (3,000 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manufacture">Manufacture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_wool&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Manufacture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stone wool is a furnace product of <a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">molten rock</a> at a temperature of about 1600 °C through which a stream of air or steam is blown. More advanced production techniques are based on spinning molten rock in high-speed spinning heads somewhat like the process used to produce <a href="/wiki/Cotton_candy" title="Cotton candy">cotton candy</a>. The final product is a mass of fine, intertwined fibers with a typical diameter of 2 to 6 <a href="/wiki/Micrometer_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Micrometer (unit)">micrometers</a>. Mineral wool may contain a <a href="/wiki/Binder_(material)" title="Binder (material)">binder</a>, often a <a href="/wiki/Terpolymer" class="mw-redirect" title="Terpolymer">terpolymer</a>, and an <a href="/wiki/Mineral_oil" title="Mineral oil">oil</a> to reduce dusting. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use">Use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_wool&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though the individual fibers <a href="/wiki/Heat_conduction" class="mw-redirect" title="Heat conduction">conduct heat</a> very well, when pressed into rolls and sheets, their ability to partition air makes them excellent insulators and <a href="/wiki/Sound_absorption" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound absorption">sound absorbers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though not immune to the effects of a sufficiently hot fire, the fire resistance of <a href="/wiki/Glass_wool" title="Glass wool">fiberglass</a>, stone wool, and <a href="/wiki/Ceramic" title="Ceramic">ceramic</a> fibers makes them common <a href="/wiki/Building_material" title="Building material">building materials</a> when <a href="/wiki/Passive_fire_protection" title="Passive fire protection">passive fire protection</a> is required, being used as spray <a href="/wiki/Fireproofing" title="Fireproofing">fireproofing</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Wall_stud" title="Wall stud">stud</a> cavities in <a href="/wiki/Drywall" title="Drywall">drywall</a> assemblies and as <a href="/wiki/Packing_(firestopping)" title="Packing (firestopping)">packing</a> materials in <a href="/wiki/Firestop" title="Firestop">firestops</a>. </p><p>Other uses are in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Resin_bonded_panel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Resin bonded panel (page does not exist)">resin bonded panels</a>, as filler in compounds for <a href="/wiki/Gasket" title="Gasket">gaskets</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Brake_pad" title="Brake pad">brake pads</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic">plastics</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Automotive" class="mw-redirect" title="Automotive">automotive</a> industry, as a <a href="/wiki/Filtration" title="Filtration">filtering</a> medium, and as a growth medium in <a href="/wiki/Hydroponics" title="Hydroponics">hydroponics</a>. </p><p>Mineral fibers are produced in the same way, without binder. The fiber as such is used as a raw material for its reinforcing purposes in various applications, such as friction materials, gaskets, plastics, and <a href="/wiki/Coating" title="Coating">coatings</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Heat resistance of mineral wool</b><sup id="cite_ref-competition-commission_org_uk-glass_wool_report_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-competition-commission_org_uk-glass_wool_report-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Material</th> <th>Temperature </th></tr> <tr> <td>Glass wool</td> <td>230–260 °C </td></tr> <tr> <td>Stone wool</td> <td>700–850 °C </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/High-temperature_insulation_wool" class="mw-redirect" title="High-temperature insulation wool">Ceramic fiber wool</a></td> <td>1200 °C </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydroponics">Hydroponics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_wool&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Hydroponics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mineral wool products can be engineered to hold large quantities of water and air that aid root growth and nutrient uptake in <a href="/wiki/Hydroponics" title="Hydroponics">hydroponics</a>; their fibrous nature also provides a good mechanical structure to hold the plant stable. The naturally high <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> of mineral wool makes them initially unsuitable to plant growth and requires "conditioning" to produce a wool with an appropriate, stable pH.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander_1994_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexander_1994-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 16">: 16 </span></sup> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.futuregarden.co.uk/expert-advice/six-top-tip-for-growing-plants-in-rockwool/">Conditioning methods include pre-soaking mineral wool in a nutrient solution adjusted to pH 5.5 until it stops bubbling</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High-temperature_mineral_wool_2">High-temperature mineral wool</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_wool&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: High-temperature mineral wool"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>High-temperature mineral wool is used primarily for insulation and lining of industrial furnaces and foundries to improve efficiency and safety. It is also used to prevent the spread of fire.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The use of high-temperature mineral wool enables a more lightweight construction of <a href="/wiki/Industrial_furnaces" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial furnaces">industrial furnaces</a> and other technical equipment as compared to other methods such as fire bricks, due to its high heat resistance capabilities per weight, but has the disadvantage of being more expensive than other methods. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Safety_of_material">Safety of material</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_wool&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Safety of material"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rockwool_close_up_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Rockwool_close_up_3.jpg/220px-Rockwool_close_up_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Rockwool_close_up_3.jpg/330px-Rockwool_close_up_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Rockwool_close_up_3.jpg/440px-Rockwool_close_up_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Mineral wool under microscope</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/International_Agency_for_Research_on_Cancer" title="International Agency for Research on Cancer">International Agency for Research on Cancer</a> (IARC) reviewed the <a href="/wiki/Carcinogenicity" class="mw-redirect" title="Carcinogenicity">carcinogenicity</a> of man-made mineral fibers in October 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IARC Monograph's working group concluded only the more <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biopersistent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biopersistent (page does not exist)">biopersistent</a> materials remain classified by IARC as "possibly carcinogenic to humans" (<a href="/wiki/List_of_IARC_Group_2B_carcinogens" class="mw-redirect" title="List of IARC Group 2B carcinogens">Group 2B</a>). These include refractory ceramic fibers, which are used industrially as insulation in high-temperature environments such as <a href="/wiki/Blast_furnace" title="Blast furnace">blast furnaces</a>, and certain special-purpose <a href="/wiki/Glass_wool" title="Glass wool">glass wools</a> not used as insulating materials. In contrast, the more commonly used vitreous fiber wools produced since 2000, including insulation glass wool, stone wool, and slag wool, are considered "not classifiable as to carcinogenicity in humans" (<a href="/wiki/List_of_IARC_Group_3_carcinogens" class="mw-redirect" title="List of IARC Group 3 carcinogens">Group 3</a>). </p><p>High bio soluble fibers are produced that do not cause damage to the human cell. These newer materials have been tested for carcinogenicity and most are found to be noncarcinogenic. IARC elected not to make an overall evaluation of the newly developed fibers designed to be less bio persistent such as the alkaline earth silicate or high-alumina, low-silica wools. This decision was made in part because no human data were available, although such fibers that have been tested appear to have low carcinogenic potential in experimental animals, and because the Working Group had difficulty in categorizing these fibers into meaningful groups based on chemical composition.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The European Regulation (CE) n° 1272/2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures updated by the Regulation (CE) n°790/2009 does not classify mineral wool fibers as a dangerous substance if they fulfil criteria defined in its Note Q. </p><p>The European Certification Board for mineral wool products, EUCEB, certify mineral wool products made of fibers fulfilling Note Q ensuring that they have a low bio persistence and so that they are quickly removed from the lung. The certification is based on independent experts' advice and regular control of the chemical composition. </p><p>Due to the mechanical effect of fibers, mineral wool products may cause temporary skin itching. To diminish this and to avoid unnecessary exposure to mineral wool dust, information on good practices is available on the packaging of mineral wool products with pictograms or sentences. Safe Use Instruction Sheets similar to Safety data sheet are also available from each producer. </p><p>People can be exposed to mineral wool fibers in the workplace by breathing them in, skin contact, and eye contact. The <a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration" title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration">Occupational Safety and Health Administration</a> (OSHA) has set the legal limit (<a href="/wiki/Permissible_exposure_limit" title="Permissible exposure limit">permissible exposure limit</a>) for mineral wool fiber exposure in the workplace as 15 mg/m<sup>3</sup> total exposure and 5 mg/m<sup>3</sup> respiratory exposure over an 8-hour workday. The <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</a> (NIOSH) has set a <a href="/wiki/Recommended_exposure_limit" title="Recommended exposure limit">recommended exposure limit</a> (REL) of 5 mg/m<sup>3</sup> total exposure and 3 fibers per cm<sup>3</sup> over an 8-hour workday.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Registration,_Evaluation,_Authorisation_and_Restriction_of_Chemicals" title="Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals">Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals</a> (REACH) is a European Union regulation of 18 December 2006. REACH addresses the production and use of chemical substances, and their potential impacts on both human health and the environment. A Substance Information Exchange Forum (SIEF) has been set up for several types of mineral wool. AES, ASW and PCW have been registered before the first deadline of 1 December 2010 and can, therefore, be used on the European market. </p> <ul><li>ASW/RCF is classified as carcinogen category 1B.</li> <li>AES is exempted from carcinogen classification based on short-term in vitro study result.</li> <li>PCW wools are not classified; self-classification led to the conclusion that PCW are not hazardous.</li></ul> <p>On 13 January 2010, some of the aluminosilicate refractory ceramic fibers and zirconia aluminosilicate refractory ceramic fibers have been included in the candidate list of <a href="/wiki/Substances_of_Very_High_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Substances of Very High Concern">Substances of Very High Concern</a>. In response to concerns raised with the definition and the dossier two additional dossiers were posted on the ECHA website for consultation and resulted in two additional entries on the candidate list. This actual (having four entries for one substance/group of substances) situation is contrary to the REACH procedure intended. Aside from this situation, concerns raised during the two consultation periods remain valid. </p><p>Regardless of the concerns raised, the inclusion of a substance in the candidate list triggers immediately the following legal obligations of manufacturers, importers and suppliers of articles containing that substance in a concentration above 0.1% (w/w): </p> <ul><li>Notification to ECHA -REACH Regulation Art. 7</li> <li>Provision of Safety Data Sheet- REACH Regulation Art. 31.1</li> <li>Duty to communicate safe use information or responding to customer requests -REACH Regulation Art. 33</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crystalline_silica">Crystalline silica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_wool&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Crystalline silica"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amorphous high-temperature mineral wool (AES and ASW) is produced from a molten glass stream which is aerosolized by a jet of high-pressure air or by letting the stream impinge onto spinning wheels. The droplets are drawn into fibers; the mass of both fibers and remaining droplets cool very rapidly so that no crystalline phases may form. </p><p>When amorphous high-temperature mineral wool is installed and used in high-temperature applications such as industrial furnaces, at least one face may be exposed to conditions causing the fibers to partially devitrify. Depending on the chemical composition of the glassy fiber and the time and temperature to which the materials are exposed, different stable crystalline phases may form. </p><p>In after-use high-temperature mineral wool <a href="/wiki/Crystalline_silica" class="mw-redirect" title="Crystalline silica">crystalline silica</a> crystals are embedded in a matrix composed of other crystals and glasses. Experimental results on the biological activity of after-use high-temperature mineral wool have not demonstrated any hazardous activity that could be related to any form of silica they may contain. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Substitutes_for_mineral_wool_in_construction">Substitutes for mineral wool in construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_wool&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Substitutes for mineral wool in construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to the mineral wool non-degradability and potential health risks, substitute materials are being developed: <a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">hemp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flax" title="Flax">flax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">wool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">wood</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cork_(material)" title="Cork (material)">cork</a> insulations are the most prominent. <a href="/wiki/Biodegradability" class="mw-redirect" title="Biodegradability">Biodegradability</a> and health profile are the main advantages of those materials. Their drawbacks when compared to mineral wool are their substantially lower mold resistance, higher <a href="/wiki/Combustibility" class="mw-redirect" title="Combustibility">combustibility</a>, and slightly higher <a href="/wiki/Thermal_conductivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal conductivity">thermal conductivity</a> (hemp insulation: 0.040 Wm<sup>-1</sup>k<sup>-1</sup>, mineral wool insulation: 0.030-0.045 Wm<sup>-1</sup>k<sup>-1</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_wool&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos">Asbestos</a>, a mineral that is naturally fibrous</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basalt_fiber" title="Basalt fiber">Basalt fiber</a>, a mineral fiber having high tensile strength</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_wool" title="Glass wool">Glass wool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pele%27s_hair" title="Pele's hair">Pele's hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_and_Safety_Statements" title="Risk and Safety Statements">Risk and Safety Statements</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_wool&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Man-made mineral fibre (MMMF) is a generic name used to describe an inorganic fibrous material manufactured primarily from glass, rock, minerals, slag and processed inorganic. The MMMF produced are non-crystalline (glassy, vitreous, amorphous)." <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://ec.europa.eu/social/BlobServlet?docId=7722&langId=en">[1]</a> Recommendation from the Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limits for man made-mineral fibres (MMMF) with no indication for carcinogenicity and not specified elsewhere</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spon, Ernest. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015063827573?urlappend=%3Bseq=449"><i>Workshop Receipts</i></a> ... London: E. & F. N. Spon, 18831892. Page 439</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Appleton-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Appleton_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Appleton_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Mineral Wool or Mineral Cotton", <i>Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events of the Year 1891</i>. New Series vol. 16. New York: 1892. 528. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180819150513/http://htiwcoalition.org/producthistory.html">"HISTORY OF HTIW PRODUCTS"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-08-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HISTORY+OF+HTIW+PRODUCTS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.htiwcoalition.org%2Fproducthistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMineral+wool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://insulationet.com/en/materials/high-temperature-wool/">"High temperature insulation wool - Production, Properties, Classification"</a>. <i>insulatioNet.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-06-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=insulatioNet.com&rft.atitle=High+temperature+insulation+wool+-+Production%2C+Properties%2C+Classification&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finsulationet.com%2Fen%2Fmaterials%2Fhigh-temperature-wool%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMineral+wool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://icanz.org.au/health-and-safety/biosolubility-faqs/">"Biosolubility FAQ's"</a>. <i>ICANZ</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ICANZ&rft.atitle=Biosolubility+FAQ%27s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ficanz.org.au%2Fhealth-and-safety%2Fbiosolubility-faqs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMineral+wool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VDI-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VDI_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VDI_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">VDI Guideline: VDI 3469 Part 1 - Overview Part 5 – High-Temperature Insulation Wool</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fabricationspecialties.com/pdf/hightemp.pdf">"Thermal Ceramics"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thermal+Ceramics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fabricationspecialties.com%2Fpdf%2Fhightemp.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMineral+wool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weiner, Ethan. Acoustic Treatment and Design for Recording Studios and Listening Rooms. "Without question, the most effective absorber for midrange and high frequencies is rigid fiberglass."<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ethanwiner.com/acoustics.html#rigid%20fiberglass">http://www.ethanwiner.com/acoustics.html#rigid%20fiberglass</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Houghton, Matt. Sound On Sound. "What is the best density for a good, fairly wide-spectrum absorber? . . .try looking for mineral wool in the region of 45-75kg/m3." <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/oct10/articles/qa-1010-2.htm">http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/oct10/articles/qa-1010-2.htm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-competition-commission_org_uk-glass_wool_report-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-competition-commission_org_uk-glass_wool_report_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/SuperFOIL-SFBA-600mm-Wide-Long/dp/B07NS4MHNT/ref=sr_1_5?keywords=superfoil+insulation&qid=1648067276&sr=8-5">"SuperFOIL Foil Insulation Roll 0.6m x 25m - Energy Saving DIY Bubble Foil Sheet - 3-in-1 Sustainable Thermal Insulation Reflective Radiant Barrier & Vapour Barrier - Multi Purpose for Home & Auto : Amazon.co.uk: DIY & Tools"</a>. <i>Amazon UK</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amazon+UK&rft.atitle=SuperFOIL+Foil+Insulation+Roll+0.6m+x+25m+-+Energy+Saving+DIY+Bubble+Foil+Sheet+-+3-in-1+Sustainable+Thermal+Insulation+Reflective+Radiant+Barrier+%26+Vapour+Barrier+-+Multi+Purpose+for+Home+%26+Auto+%3A+Amazon.co.uk%3A+DIY+%26+Tools&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.co.uk%2FSuperFOIL-SFBA-600mm-Wide-Long%2Fdp%2FB07NS4MHNT%2Fref%3Dsr_1_5%3Fkeywords%3Dsuperfoil%2Binsulation%26qid%3D1648067276%26sr%3D8-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMineral+wool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alexander_1994-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alexander_1994_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTom_AlexanderDon_Parker1994" class="citation book cs1">Tom Alexander; Don Parker (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cHT3bMm3njsC&q=rockwool"><i>The Best of Growing Edge</i></a>. New Moon Publishing, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-944557-01-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-944557-01-3"><bdi>978-0-944557-01-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Best+of+Growing+Edge&rft.pub=New+Moon+Publishing%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-944557-01-3&rft.au=Tom+Alexander&rft.au=Don+Parker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcHT3bMm3njsC%26q%3Drockwool&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMineral+wool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol81/index.php">IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Volume 81 (2002), Man-made Vitreous Fibres</a> (PLEASE NOTE: Some manufacturers of insulation products<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (December 2011)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> have cited this volume while making erroneous claims that "IARC scientists confirm safety of mineral wool insulation". These claims are just false. The findings in this volume are not a determination of non-carcinogenicity or overall safety.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol81/mono81.pdf">IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Volume 81 (2002), Man-made Vitreous Fibres</a>, Overall evaluation, p. 339</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0432.html">"CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards – Mineral wool fiber"</a>. <i>www.cdc.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-11-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cdc.gov&rft.atitle=CDC+%E2%80%93+NIOSH+Pocket+Guide+to+Chemical+Hazards+%E2%80%93+Mineral+wool+fiber&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fniosh%2Fnpg%2Fnpgd0432.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMineral+wool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLekaviciusShipkovsIvanovsRucins2015" class="citation journal cs1">Lekavicius, V.; Shipkovs, P.; Ivanovs, S.; Rucins, A. (2015-02-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Flpts-2015-0004">"Thermo-Insulation Properties Of Hemp-Based Products"</a>. <i>Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences</i>. <b>52</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">38–</span>51. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015LatJP..52a..38L">2015LatJP..52a..38L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Flpts-2015-0004">10.1515/lpts-2015-0004</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0868-8257">0868-8257</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Latvian+Journal+of+Physics+and+Technical+Sciences&rft.atitle=Thermo-Insulation+Properties+Of+Hemp-Based+Products&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E38-%3C%2Fspan%3E51&rft.date=2015-02-01&rft.issn=0868-8257&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Flpts-2015-0004&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015LatJP..52a..38L&rft.aulast=Lekavicius&rft.aufirst=V.&rft.au=Shipkovs%2C+P.&rft.au=Ivanovs%2C+S.&rft.au=Rucins%2C+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1515%252Flpts-2015-0004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMineral+wool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_wool&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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Mineral">Mineral wool</a></b>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection-R/Statcan/44-004-XIB/44-004-XIB-e.html">Statistics Canada documents on shipments of mineral wool in Canada</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726130818/http://www.iom-world.org/pubs/IOM_TM1101.pdf">Review of published data on exposure to mineral wool during installation work</a> by A Jones and A Sanchez Jimenez, <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Occupational_Medicine" title="Institute of Occupational Medicine">Institute of Occupational Medicine</a> Research Report TM/11/01</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iom-world.org/pubs/IOM_TM8718.pdf">Assessment of airborne mineral wool fibres in domestic houses</a> by J Dodgson and others. <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Occupational_Medicine" title="Institute of Occupational Medicine">Institute of Occupational Medicine</a> 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