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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chief_Minister_of_Gujarat_(2001–2014)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Chief Minister of Gujarat (2001–2014) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Chief_Minister_of_Gujarat_(2001–2014)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Chief Minister of Gujarat (2001–2014) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Chief_Minister_of_Gujarat_(2001–2014)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Taking_office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taking_office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Taking office </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taking_office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2002_Gujarat_riots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2002_Gujarat_riots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 2002 Gujarat riots </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2002_Gujarat_riots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_terms_as_Chief_Minister" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_terms_as_Chief_Minister"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Later terms as Chief Minister </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_terms_as_Chief_Minister-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Development projects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development_debate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_debate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Development debate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_debate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allegations_of_bribery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allegations_of_bribery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Allegations of bribery </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allegations_of_bribery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Premiership_campaigns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Premiership_campaigns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Premiership campaigns </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Premiership_campaigns-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Premiership campaigns subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Premiership_campaigns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2014_Indian_general_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014_Indian_general_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 2014 Indian general election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014_Indian_general_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2019_Indian_general_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019_Indian_general_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 2019 Indian general election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019_Indian_general_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2024_Indian_general_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2024_Indian_general_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 2024 Indian general election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2024_Indian_general_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prime_Minister_of_India_(2014–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prime_Minister_of_India_(2014–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Prime Minister of India (2014–present) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prime_Minister_of_India_(2014–present)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Prime Minister of India (2014–present) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Prime_Minister_of_India_(2014–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Governance_and_other_initiatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance_and_other_initiatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Governance and other initiatives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governance_and_other_initiatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hindutva" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hindutva"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Hindutva </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hindutva-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_and_sanitation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_and_sanitation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Health and sanitation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_and_sanitation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Foreign policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-G20_Presidency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#G20_Presidency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5.1 G20 Presidency </div> </a> <ul id="toc-G20_Presidency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Defence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7 Environment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Democratic_backsliding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Democratic_backsliding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.8 Democratic backsliding </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Democratic_backsliding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_perception_and_image" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_perception_and_image"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Public perception and image </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Public_perception_and_image-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Public perception and image subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Public_perception_and_image-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Image" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Image"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Image </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Image-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Approval_ratings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Approval_ratings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Approval ratings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Approval_ratings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 In popular culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Awards and recognition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Electoral history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writing_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Writing career </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writing_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.3 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Narendra Modi</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 143 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-143" aria-hidden="true" > 143 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="नरेंद्र मोदी – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="नरेंद्र मोदी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="ناريندرا مودي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ناريندرا مودي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1_%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%AB" title="Նարենտրա Մոտի – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Նարենտրա Մոտի" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80" title="নৰেন্দ্ৰ মোদী – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="নৰেন্দ্ৰ মোদী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="नरेन्द्र मोदी – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="नरेन्द्र मोदी" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nar%C3%A9ndra_Modi" title="Naréndra Modi – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Naréndra Modi" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80" title="নরেন্দ্র মোদী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নরেন্দ্র মোদী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Нарендра Моди – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Нарендра Моди" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96" title="Нарэндра Модзі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нарэндра Модзі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96" title="Нарэндра Модзі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нарэндра Модзі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="नरेंद्र मोदी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="नरेंद्र मोदी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Нарендра Моди – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нарендра Моди" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nar%C3%A9ndra_M%C3%B3d%C3%AD" title="Naréndra Módí – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Naréndra Módí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%82%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%AC%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%8B%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%A6_%DE%89%DE%AF%DE%8B%DE%A9" title="ނަރެންދުރަ މޯދީ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ނަރެންދުރަ މޯދީ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="नरेन्द्र मोदी – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="नरेन्द्र मोदी" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1_%CE%9C%CF%8C%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9" title="Ναρέντρα Μόντι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ναρέντρα Μόντι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="نارندرا مودی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نارندرا مودی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0_%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%80" title="નરેન્દ્ર મોદી – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="નરેન્દ્ર મોદી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%EB%A0%8C%EB%93%9C%EB%9D%BC_%EB%AA%A8%EB%94%94" title="나렌드라 모디 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="나렌드라 모디" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%A1_%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%A4%D5%AB" title="Նարենդրա Մոդի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նարենդրա Մոդի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="नरेन्द्र मोदी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नरेन्द्र मोदी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8,_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%C3%A6" title="Моди, Нарендрæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Моди, Нарендрæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99" title="נרנדרה מודי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נרנדרה מודי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BF" title="ನರೇಂದ್ರ ಮೋದಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನರೇಂದ್ರ ಮೋದಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ნარენდრა მოდი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნარენდრა მოდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8E%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%9B%D8%AF%D9%8E%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="نَرینٛدَر مودی – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="نَرینٛدَر مودی" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nar%C4%93ndra_Modi" title="Narēndra Modi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Narēndra Modi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/narendra._mod" title="narendra. mod – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="narendra. mod" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_D%C3%A1modard%C3%A1sz_Modi" title="Narendra Dámodardász Modi – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Narendra Dámodardász Modi" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="नरेन्द्र मोदी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="नरेन्द्र मोदी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Нарендра Моди – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нарендра Моди" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF" title="നരേന്ദ്ര മോദി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നരേന്ദ്ര മോദി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="नरेंद्र मोदी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नरेंद्र मोदी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ნარენდრა მოდი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნარენდრა მოდი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%89" title="ناريندرا مودى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ناريندرا مودى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="نارندرا مودی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="نارندرا مودی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%94_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯅꯔꯦꯟꯗ꯭ꯔ ꯃꯣꯗꯤ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯅꯔꯦꯟꯗ꯭ꯔ ꯃꯣꯗꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Нарендра Моди – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нарендра Моди" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE" title="နာရန်ဒရာ မိုဒီ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နာရန်ဒရာ မိုဒီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="नरेन्द्र मोदी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नरेन्द्र मोदी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="नरेंद्र मोदी – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="नरेंद्र मोदी" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A2%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3" title="ナレンドラ・モディ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナレンドラ・モディ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0_%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%80" title="ନରେନ୍ଦ୍ର ମୋଦୀ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ନରେନ୍ଦ୍ର ମୋଦୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80" title="ਨਰਿੰਦਰ ਮੋਦੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਰਿੰਦਰ ਮੋਦੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="नरेंद्र मोदी – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="नरेंद्र मोदी" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="نریندر مودی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نریندر مودی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="نريندرا مودي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نريندرا مودي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B8" title="ណារ៉េនដ្រា ម៉ូឌី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ណារ៉េនដ្រា ម៉ូឌី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8,_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Моди, Нарендра – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Моди, Нарендра" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="नरेन्द्र मोदी – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="नरेन्द्र मोदी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%BD%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A_%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱢᱳᱫᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱢᱳᱫᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92" title="නරේන්ද්‍ර මෝදි – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නරේන්ද්‍ර මෝදි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="نريندر مودي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نريندر مودي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nar%C3%A9ndra_M%C3%B3d%C3%AD" title="Naréndra Módí – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Naréndra Módí" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%85%DB%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="نارێندرا مۆدی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نارێندرا مۆدی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Нарендра Моди – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нарендра Моди" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="நரேந்திர மோதி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நரேந்திர மோதி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%80" title="నరేంద్ర మోదీ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నరేంద్ర మోదీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5" title="นเรนทระ โมที – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นเรนทระ โมที" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D3%A3" title="Нарендра Модӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Нарендра Модӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BF" title="ನರೇಂದ್ರ ಮೋದಿ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ನರೇಂದ್ರ ಮೋದಿ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ತುಳು</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96" title="Нарендра Моді – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нарендра Моді" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="نریندر مودی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نریندر مودی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%90%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%89_(%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86)" title="نارېندى مودى (سىياسئون) – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="نارېندى مودى (سىياسئون)" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modi_Narendra" title="Modi Narendra – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Modi Narendra" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E4%BC%A6%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E8%BF%AA" title="纳伦德拉·莫迪 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="纳伦德拉·莫迪" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%90_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%93%D7%99" title="נארענדרא מאדי – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="נארענדרא מאדי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E8%BF%AA" title="莫迪 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="莫迪" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Narendra Modi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Modi_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Modi (disambiguation)">Modi (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Narendra Modi</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Shri_Narendra_Modi,_Prime_Minister_of_India_(3x4_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Shri_Narendra_Modi%2C_Prime_Minister_of_India_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/220px-Shri_Narendra_Modi%2C_Prime_Minister_of_India_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Shri_Narendra_Modi%2C_Prime_Minister_of_India_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/330px-Shri_Narendra_Modi%2C_Prime_Minister_of_India_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Shri_Narendra_Modi%2C_Prime_Minister_of_India_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/440px-Shri_Narendra_Modi%2C_Prime_Minister_of_India_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="898" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, 2023</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office 26 May 2014</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a> <a href="/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind">Ram Nath Kovind</a> <a href="/wiki/Droupadi_Murmu" title="Droupadi Murmu">Droupadi Murmu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Vice President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hamid_Ansari" title="Mohammad Hamid Ansari">Mohammad Hamid Ansari</a> <a href="/wiki/Venkaiah_Naidu" title="Venkaiah Naidu">Venkaiah Naidu</a> <a href="/wiki/Jagdeep_Dhankhar" title="Jagdeep Dhankhar">Jagdeep Dhankhar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Additional ministries</div></th> </tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office 26 May 2014</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Ministry and Departments</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Personnel,_Public_Grievances_and_Pensions" title="Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions">Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Space" title="Department of Space">Department of Space</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Atomic_Energy" title="Department of Atomic Energy">Department of Atomic Energy</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Manmohan Singh </td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_in_Lok_Sabha" title="Leader of the House in Lok Sabha">Leader of the House, Lok Sabha</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office 26 May 2014</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gopinath_Munde" title="Gopinath Munde">Gopinath Munde</a> <a href="/wiki/Sushma_Swaraj" title="Sushma Swaraj">Sushma Swaraj</a> <a href="/wiki/Rajnath_Singh" title="Rajnath Singh">Rajnath Singh</a> <a href="/wiki/Nitin_Gadkari" title="Nitin Gadkari">Nitin Gadkari</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Speaker of the Lok Sabha">Speaker</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sumitra_Mahajan" title="Sumitra Mahajan">Sumitra Mahajan</a> <a href="/wiki/Om_Birla" title="Om Birla">Om Birla</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sushilkumar_Shinde" title="Sushilkumar Shinde">Sushilkumar Shinde</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Lok_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha">Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office 5 June 2014</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Murli_Manohar_Joshi" title="Murli Manohar Joshi">Murli Manohar Joshi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Varanasi_Lok_Sabha_constituency" title="Varanasi Lok Sabha constituency">Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Gujarat" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister of Gujarat">Chief Minister of Gujarat</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 7 October 2001 – 22 May 2014</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Governor</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunder_Singh_Bhandari" title="Sunder Singh Bhandari">Sunder Singh Bhandari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kailashpati_Mishra" title="Kailashpati Mishra">Kailashpati Mishra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Balram_Jakhar" title="Balram Jakhar">Balram Jakhar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nawal_Kishore_Sharma" title="Nawal Kishore Sharma">Nawal Kishore Sharma</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/S._C._Jamir" title="S. C. Jamir">S. C. Jamir</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kamla_Beniwal" title="Kamla Beniwal">Kamla Beniwal</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Keshubhai_Patel" title="Keshubhai Patel">Keshubhai Patel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anandiben_Patel" title="Anandiben Patel">Anandiben Patel</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_(India)" title="Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)">Member</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly" title="Gujarat Legislative Assembly">Gujarat Legislative Assembly</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 15 December 2002 – 16 May 2014</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kamlesh_Patel_(politician)" title="Kamlesh Patel (politician)">Kamlesh Patel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Suresh_Patel" title="Suresh Patel">Suresh Patel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maninagar_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maninagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Maninagar</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 24 February 2002 – 19 July 2002</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vajubhai_Vala" title="Vajubhai Vala">Vajubhai Vala</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Vajubhai Vala</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rajkot_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajkot West">Rajkot II</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Organisation of the Bharatiya Janata Party">General Secretary (Organisation)</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 5 January 1998<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> – 7 October 2001</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kushabhau_Thakre" title="Kushabhau Thakre">Kushabhau Thakre</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Joshi" title="Sanjay Joshi">Sanjay Joshi</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Narendra Damodardas Modi</div> (1950-09-17) 17 September 1950 (age 74) <a href="/wiki/Vadnagar" title="Vadnagar">Vadnagar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombay_State" title="Bombay State">Bombay State</a>, India (present-day <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jashodaben_Modi" title="Jashodaben Modi">Jashodaben Modi</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1968; <abbr title="separated">sep.</abbr> 1971)</div><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/7,_Lok_Kalyan_Marg" title="7, Lok Kalyan Marg">7, Lok Kalyan Marg, New Delhi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_University" title="Delhi University">Delhi University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_University" title="Gujarat University">Gujarat University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honours_received_by_Narendra_Modi" title="List of awards and honours received by Narendra Modi">List of awards and honours</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Narendra_Modi_(Hindi).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Narendra Modi's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Signature_of_Narendra_Modi_%28Hindi%29.svg/128px-Signature_of_Narendra_Modi_%28Hindi%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Signature_of_Narendra_Modi_%28Hindi%29.svg/192px-Signature_of_Narendra_Modi_%28Hindi%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Signature_of_Narendra_Modi_%28Hindi%29.svg/256px-Signature_of_Narendra_Modi_%28Hindi%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="202" data-file-height="80" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><div><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://narendramodi.in">Personal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pmindia.gov.in">PM India official</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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.mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Narendra_Modi_voice.ogg" title="File:Narendra Modi voice.ogg">Narendra Modi's voice</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="1739" data-mwtitle="Narendra_Modi_voice.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Narendra_Modi_voice.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/Narendra_Modi_voice.ogg/Narendra_Modi_voice.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANarendra_Modi_voice.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANarendra_Modi_voice.ogg&lang=hi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="hi" label="हिन्दी ‪(hi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div> <div class="description">Narendra Modi on the COVID-19 pandemic Recorded 19 March 2020</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks sidebar-person vcard hlist" style="border-color: #FF9933"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image" style="background-color:#FF9933;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Official_Photograph_of_the_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi,_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/The_Official_Photograph_of_the_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi%2C_2014.jpg/75px-The_Official_Photograph_of_the_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi%2C_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/The_Official_Photograph_of_the_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi%2C_2014.jpg/113px-The_Official_Photograph_of_the_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi%2C_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/The_Official_Photograph_of_the_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi%2C_2014.jpg/150px-The_Official_Photograph_of_the_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi%2C_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1047" data-file-height="1309" /></a></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title" style="background-color:#FF9933;color: #FFF;"><div>This article is part of a series about</div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Narendra Modi</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a></div><div style="color:#71531C;" class="skin-invert"><div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Incumbent</div></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Narendra_Modi" title="Electoral history of Narendra Modi">Electoral history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Narendra_Modi" title="Public image of Narendra Modi">Public image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honours_received_by_Narendra_Modi" title="List of awards and honours received by Narendra Modi">Awards and honours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Narendra_Modi" title="Bibliography of Narendra Modi">Bibliography</a></li></ul> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Chief_ministership_of_Narendra_Modi" title="Chief ministership of Narendra Modi">Chief Ministership</a> <hr /> <ul><li><div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Gujarat" title="List of chief ministers of Gujarat">Chief Minister of Gujarat</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2002_Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2002 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2007 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election">2012</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Council_of_Ministers" title="Gujarat Council of Ministers">Gujarat Council of Ministers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Modi_ministry_(Gujarat)" title="First Modi ministry (Gujarat)">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Modi_ministry_(Gujarat)" title="Second Modi ministry (Gujarat)">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Modi_ministry_(Gujarat)" title="Third Modi ministry (Gujarat)">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Modi_ministry_(Gujarat)" title="Fourth Modi ministry (Gujarat)">Fourth</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Narendra_Modi" title="Premiership of Narendra Modi">Premiership</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_premiership_of_Narendra_Modi" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the premiership of Narendra Modi">Timeline</a>) <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election" title="2014 Indian general election">2014</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_ministerial_candidacy_of_Narendra_Modi" title="Prime ministerial candidacy of Narendra Modi">Prime ministerial candidacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Patna_bombings" title="2013 Patna bombings">Assassination attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party_campaign_for_the_2014_Indian_general_election" title="Bharatiya Janata Party campaign for the 2014 Indian general election">Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achhe_Din_Aane_Waale_Hain" title="Achhe Din Aane Waale Hain">Achhe Din Aane Waale Hain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election" title="2019 Indian general election">2019</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party_campaign_for_the_2019_Indian_general_election" title="Bharatiya Janata Party campaign for the 2019 Indian general election">Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Bhi_Chowkidar" title="Main Bhi Chowkidar">Main Bhi Chowkidar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Indian_general_election" title="2024 Indian general election">2024</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party_campaign_for_the_2024_Indian_general_election" title="Bharatiya Janata Party campaign for the 2024 Indian general election">Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abki_Baar_400_Paar" class="mw-redirect" title="Abki Baar 400 Paar">Abki Baar 400 Paar</a></li></ul></li> <li>Oath of office <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_oath_of_office_ceremony_of_Narendra_Modi" title="First oath of office ceremony of Narendra Modi">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_oath_of_office_ceremony_of_Narendra_Modi" title="Second oath of office ceremony of Narendra Modi">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_oath_of_office_ceremony_of_Narendra_Modi" title="Third oath of office ceremony of Narendra Modi">2024</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">Union Council of Ministers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Modi_ministry" title="First Modi ministry">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Modi_ministry" title="Second Modi ministry">Second</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Indian_cabinet_reshuffle" title="2021 Indian cabinet reshuffle">Reshuffle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Modi_ministry" title="Third Modi ministry">Third</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/16th_Lok_Sabha" title="16th Lok Sabha">Sixteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Lok_Sabha" title="17th Lok Sabha">Seventeenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_Lok_Sabha" title="18th Lok Sabha">Eighteenth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mann_Ki_Baat" title="Mann Ki Baat">Mann Ki Baat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Narendra_Modi" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Narendra Modi">International trips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_Narendra_Modi_premiership" title="Opinion polling on the Narendra Modi premiership">Approval ratings</a></li></ul> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Narendra_Modi_government" title="Economic policy of the Narendra Modi government">Budgets</a> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_budget_of_India" title="Union budget of India">Union budgets</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Union_budget_of_India" title="2014 Union budget of India">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Union_budget_of_India" title="2015 Union budget of India">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Union_budget_of_India" title="2016 Union budget of India">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Union_budget_of_India" title="2017 Union budget of India">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Union_budget_of_India" title="2018 Union budget of India">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Interim-Union_budget_of_India" title="2019 Interim-Union budget of India">2019 (Interim)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Union_budget_of_India" title="2019 Union budget of India">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Union_budget_of_India" title="2020 Union budget of India">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Union_budget_of_India" title="2021 Union budget of India">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Union_budget_of_India" title="2022 Union budget of India">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Union_budget_of_India" title="2023 Union budget of India">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Interim-Union_budget_of_India" title="2024 Interim-Union budget of India">2024 (Interim)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Union_budget_of_India" title="2024 Union budget of India">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Union_budget_of_India" title="2025 Union budget of India">2025</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_budget_of_India" title="Railway budget of India">Railway budgets</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Railway_budget_of_India" title="2014 Railway budget of India">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Railway_budget_of_India" title="2015 Railway budget of India">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Railway_budget_of_India" title="2016 Railway budget of India">2016</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">National policy</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <hr /> <ul><li>Agriculture: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Indian_agriculture_acts" title="2020 Indian agriculture acts">Agriculture acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bhujal_Yojana" title="Atal Bhujal Yojana">Atal Bhujal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-NAM" title="E-NAM">E-NAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Fasal_Bima_Yojana" title="Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana">Fasal Bima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gramin_Bhandaran_Yojana" title="Gramin Bhandaran Yojana">Gramin Bhandaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Kisan_Samman_Nidhi" title="Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi">Kisan Samman Nidhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Krishi_Sinchai_Yojana" title="Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana">Krishi Sinchai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mega_Food_Parks" title="Mega Food Parks">Mega Food Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmer_Income_Protection_Scheme_(PM_AASHA)" title="Farmer Income Protection Scheme (PM AASHA)">PM-AASHA</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Digital: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aarogya_Setu" title="Aarogya Setu">Aarogya Setu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BharatNet" class="mw-redirect" title="BharatNet">BharatNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DigiLocker" title="DigiLocker">DigiLocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESign_(India)" title="ESign (India)">ESign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UMANG" title="UMANG">UMANG</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Narendra_Modi_government" title="Economic policy of the Narendra Modi government">Economy</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Indian_banknote_demonetisation" title="2016 Indian banknote demonetisation">Banknote demonetisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Jan_Dhan_Yojana" title="Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana">Jan Dhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro_Units_Development_and_Refinance_Agency_Bank" title="Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency Bank">MUDRA Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-Modal_Logistics_Parks_in_India" title="Multi-Modal Logistics Parks in India">Multi-Modal Logistics Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Pension_Scheme" title="Unified Pension Scheme">Unified Pension Scheme</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Energy: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saubhagya_scheme" title="Saubhagya scheme">Saubhagya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Ujjwala_Yojana" title="Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana">Ujjwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_Mega_Solar_Power_Projects" title="Ultra Mega Solar Power Projects">Ultra Mega Solar Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urja_Ganga_Gas_Pipeline_Project" title="Urja Ganga Gas Pipeline Project">Urja Ganga Gas Pipeline</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Infrastructure: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Mandapam" title="Bharat Mandapam">Bharat Mandapam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Awas_Yojana" title="Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana">Awas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Vista_Redevelopment_Project" title="Central Vista Redevelopment Project">Central Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_War_Memorial_(India)" title="National War Memorial (India)">National War Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_House,_New_Delhi" title="Parliament House, New Delhi">New Parliament House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradhanmantri_Sangrahalaya" title="Pradhanmantri Sangrahalaya">Pradhanmantri Sangrahalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Statue of Subhas Chandra Bose">Statue of Subhas Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Unity" title="Statue of Unity">Statue of Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashobhoomi" title="Yashobhoomi">Yashobhoomi</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Policy: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Education_Policy_2020" title="National Education Policy 2020">National Education Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Citizens" title="National Register of Citizens">National Register of Citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Nation,_One_Election" title="One Nation, One Election">One Nation, One Election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revocation_of_the_special_status_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir">Repeal of Article 370</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Civil_Code" title="Uniform Civil Code">Uniform Civil Code</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Other public services: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Garib_Kalyan_Yojana" title="Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana">Garib Kalyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Har_ghar_jal" class="mw-redirect" title="Har ghar jal">Har Ghar Jal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_Office_Passport_Seva_Kendra" title="Post Office Passport Seva Kendra">Post Office Passport Seva Kendra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stranded_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Stranded in India">Stranded in India</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Transport - Aviation: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UDAN" title="UDAN">UDAN</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Transport - Rail: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhanupli%E2%80%93Leh_line" title="Bhanupli–Leh line">Bhanupli–Leh Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Char_Dham_Railway" title="Char Dham Railway">Char Dham Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_India" title="High-speed rail in India">High-speed rails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setu_Bharatam" title="Setu Bharatam">Setu Bharatam</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Transport - Road: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_East-West_Corridor" class="mw-redirect" title="Arunachal East-West Corridor">Arunachal East-West Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Frontier_Highway" title="Arunachal Frontier Highway">Arunachal Frontier Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatmala" title="Bharatmala">Bharatmala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Char_Dham_Highway" title="Char Dham Highway">Char Dham Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi%E2%80%93Amritsar%E2%80%93Katra_Expressway" title="Delhi–Amritsar–Katra Expressway">Delhi–Amritsar–Katra Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi%E2%80%93Mumbai_Expressway" title="Delhi–Mumbai Expressway">Delhi–Mumbai Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FASTag" title="FASTag">FASTag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India-China_Border_Roads" class="mw-redirect" title="India-China Border Roads">India-China Border Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Arunachal_Highway" title="Trans-Arunachal Highway">Trans-Arunachal Highway</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Transport - Water: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RORO_ferries_in_India" title="RORO ferries in India">RORO ferries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagar_Mala_project" title="Sagar Mala project">Sagarmala</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> Campaigns <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Narendra_Modi_government" title="Economic policy of the Narendra Modi government">Economy</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atmanirbhar_Bharat" title="Atmanirbhar Bharat">Atmanirbhar Bharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_India" title="Digital India">Digital India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Give_up_LPG_subsidy" title="Give up LPG subsidy">Give up LPG subsidy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Know_India_Programme" title="Know India Programme">Know India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make_in_India" title="Make in India">Make in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skill_India" title="Skill India">Skill India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standup_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Standup India">Standup India</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Startup_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Startup India (page does not exist)">Startup India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swachh_Bharat_Abhiyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Swachh Bharat Abhiyan">Swachh Bharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swachh_Dhan_Abhiyan" title="Swachh Dhan Abhiyan">Swachh Dhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unnat_Bharat_Abhiyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Unnat Bharat Abhiyan">Unnat Bharat</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Health: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayushman_Bharat_Yojana" title="Ayushman Bharat Yojana">Ayushman Bharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fit_India_Movement" title="Fit India Movement">Fit India</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Public service: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accessible_India_Campaign" title="Accessible India Campaign">Accessible India</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> Missions <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Mission_for_Rejuvenation_and_Urban_Transformation" title="Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation">Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Indradhanush" title="Mission Indradhanush">Mission Indradhanush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Solar_Mission" title="National Solar Mission">National Solar Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Cities_Mission" title="Smart Cities Mission">Smart Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Village_India" title="Smart Village India">Smart Villages</a></li></ul> <hr /> Establishments and foundations <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Creators_Award" title="National Creators Award">National Creators Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MyGov.in" title="MyGov.in">MyGov.in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NITI_Aayog" title="NITI Aayog">NITI Aayog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PM_CARES_Fund" title="PM CARES Fund">PM CARES Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansad_TV" title="Sansad TV">Sansad TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Patel_National_Unity_Award" title="Sardar Patel National Unity Award">Sardar Patel National Unity Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Ram_Janmabhoomi_Teerth_Kshetra" class="mw-redirect" title="Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra">Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DRDO_Young_Scientist_Laboratories" title="DRDO Young Scientist Laboratories">Young Scientist Labs</a></li></ul> <hr /> Events and observances <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/75th_Anniversary_of_Indian_Independence" title="75th Anniversary of Indian Independence">75th Anniversary of Indian Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amritpex_2023" title="Amritpex 2023">Amritpex 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Parv" title="Bharat Parv">Bharat Parv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consecration_of_the_Ram_Mandir" title="Consecration of the Ram Mandir">Consecration of the Ram Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Governance_Day" title="Good Governance Day">Good Governance Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishi_Unnati_Mela" title="Krishi Unnati Mela">Krishi Unnati Mela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_Day_(India)" title="National Unity Day (India)">National Unity Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pariksha_Pe_Charcha" title="Pariksha Pe Charcha">Pariksha Pe Charcha</a></li></ul> <hr /> Military and rescue operations <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%932015_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2014–15 Indo-Pakistan border skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%932018_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2016–2018 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2016–18 Indo-Pakistan border skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2019 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2019 Indo-Pakistan border skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_operations_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Indian Army operations in Jammu and Kashmir">Army operations in Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_China%E2%80%93India_border_standoff" title="2017 China–India border standoff">Doklam standoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_China%E2%80%93India_skirmishes" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 China–India skirmishes">Galwan Valley standoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces_and_the_2014_Jammu_and_Kashmir_floods" title="Indian Armed Forces and the 2014 Jammu and Kashmir floods">Jammu and Kashmir floods rescue operations</a></li></ul> <hr /> Treaties and accords <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Front_of_Boroland#Disbanding" title="National Democratic Front of Boroland">Bodo Peace Accord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaland_Peace_Accord" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagaland Peace Accord">Nagaland Peace Accord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripura_Peace_Accord" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripura Peace Accord">Tripura Peace Accord</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Narendra_Modi_government" title="Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government">Foreign policy</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_foreign_policy_of_the_Narendra_Modi_government" title="Asian foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Look_East_policy_(India)#Act_East_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Look East policy (India)">Act East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connect_Central_Asia#2014–present" title="Connect Central Asia">Central Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_foreign_policy_of_the_Narendra_Modi_government" title="Middle Eastern foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_foreign_policy_of_the_Narendra_Modi_government" class="mw-redirect" title="South Asian foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government">South Asian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_and_Growth_for_All_in_the_Region" title="Security and Growth for All in the Region">Security and Growth for All in the Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_Maitri" title="Vaccine Maitri">Vaccine Maitri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93India_diplomatic_row" title="Canada–India diplomatic row">Canada–India diplomatic row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_India%E2%80%93Maldives_diplomatic_row" title="2024 India–Maldives diplomatic row">India–Maldives diplomatic row</a></li></ul> <hr /> Establishments and foundations <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Disaster_Resilient_Infrastructure" title="Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure">Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi%E2%80%93Kathmandu_Bus" title="Delhi–Kathmandu Bus">Delhi–Kathmandu Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_for_India%E2%80%93Pacific_Islands_Cooperation" title="Forum for India–Pacific Islands Cooperation">India–Pacific Islands Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Biofuel_Alliance" title="Global Biofuel Alliance">Global Biofuel Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Middle_East%E2%80%93Europe_Economic_Corridor" title="India–Middle East–Europe Economic Corridor">India–Middle East–Europe Economic Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Solar_Alliance" title="International Solar Alliance">International Solar Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartarpur_Corridor" title="Kartarpur Corridor">Kartarpur Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Development_Bank" title="New Development Bank">New Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAARC_COVID-19_Emergency_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund">SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asia_Satellite" title="South Asia Satellite">South Asia Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Hindi_Secretariat" title="World Hindi Secretariat">World Hindi Secretariat</a></li></ul> <hr /> Events and observances <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Howdy_Modi" title="Howdy Modi">Howdy Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Yoga_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="International Yoga Day">International Yoga Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Year_of_Millets" title="International Year of Millets">International Year of Millets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namaste_Trump" title="Namaste Trump">Namaste Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/75_Years_of_Friendship_through_Cricket_Event" title="75 Years of Friendship through Cricket Event">75 Years of Friendship through Cricket Event</a></li></ul> <hr /> Military and rescue operations <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Balakot_airstrike" title="2019 Balakot airstrike">Balakot airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Indian_counter-insurgency_operation_in_Myanmar" title="2015 Indian counter-insurgency operation in Myanmar">Indo-Myanmar border strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Indian_Line_of_Control_strike" title="2016 Indian Line of Control strike">Line of Control strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Maitri" title="Operation Maitri">Operation Maitri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Namaste" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Namaste">Operation Namaste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Neer" title="Operation Neer">Operation Neer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Raahat" title="Operation Raahat">Operation Raahat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sankat_Mochan_(India)" title="Operation Sankat Mochan (India)">Operation Sankat Mochan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ganga" title="Operation Ganga">Operation Ganga</a></li></ul> <hr /> Treaties and accords <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Bangladesh_enclaves" title="India–Bangladesh enclaves">India–Bangladesh Boundary Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundational_agreement" title="Foundational agreement">India-US Exchange Cooperation Agreement</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> Controversies <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2002_Gujarat_riots" title="2002 Gujarat riots">2002 Gujarat riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Indian_banknote_demonetisation" title="2016 Indian banknote demonetisation">2016 banknote demonetisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GoBackModi" title="GoBackModi">GoBackModi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafale_deal_controversy" title="Rafale deal controversy">Rafale deal controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegasus_Project_revelations_in_India" title="Pegasus Project revelations in India">Pegasus Project revelations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revocation_of_the_special_status_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir">Repeal of Article 370</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_Amendment_Act_protests" title="Citizenship Amendment Act protests">Citizenship Amendment Act protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdown_in_India" title="COVID-19 lockdown in India">COVID-19 lockdown in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_China%E2%80%93India_skirmishes" title="2020–2021 China–India skirmishes">2020–2021 China–India skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Indian_farmers%27_protest" title="2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest">2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Delhi_riots" title="2020 Delhi riots">2020 Delhi riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Bangladesh_anti-Modi_protests" title="2021 Bangladesh anti-Modi protests">2021 Bangladesh anti-Modi protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Indian_farmers%27_protest" title="2024 Indian farmers' protest">2024 Indian farmers' protest</a></li></ul> <hr /> <a 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/></a> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" class="extiw" title="commons:Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> at Wikimedia Commons</td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Narendra_Modi_series" title="Template:Narendra Modi series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Narendra_Modi_series" title="Template talk:Narendra Modi series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Narendra_Modi_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Narendra Modi series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Narendra Damodardas Modi<a href="#cite_note-3">[a]</a> (born 17 September 1950)<a href="#cite_note-foo-5">[b]</a> is an Indian politician who has served as the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">prime minister of India</a> since 2014. Modi was the <a href="/wiki/Chief_minister_of_Gujarat" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief minister of Gujarat">chief minister of Gujarat</a> from 2001 to 2014 and is the <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Lok_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha">member of parliament</a> (MP) for <a href="/wiki/Varanasi_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)">Varanasi</a>. He is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> (BJP) and of the <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a> (RSS), a <a href="/wiki/Right-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing">right-wing</a> <a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindu nationalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Paramilitary" title="Paramilitary">paramilitary</a> volunteer organisation. He is the longest-serving prime minister outside the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[4]</a> Modi was born and raised in <a href="/wiki/Vadnagar" title="Vadnagar">Vadnagar</a> in northeastern <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, where he completed his secondary education. He was introduced to the RSS at the age of eight. At the age of 18, he was married to <a href="/wiki/Jashodaben_Modi" title="Jashodaben Modi">Jashodaben Modi</a>, whom he abandoned soon after, only publicly acknowledging her four decades later when legally required to do so. Modi became a full-time worker for the RSS in Gujarat in 1971. The RSS assigned him to the BJP in 1985 and he rose through the party hierarchy, becoming general secretary in 1998.<a href="#cite_note-10">[c]</a> In 2001, Modi was appointed chief minister of Gujarat and elected to the legislative assembly soon after. His administration is considered complicit in the <a href="/wiki/2002_Gujarat_riots" title="2002 Gujarat riots">2002 Gujarat riots</a>,<a href="#cite_note-16">[d]</a> and has been criticised for its management of the crisis. According to official records, a little over 1,000 people were killed, three-quarters of whom were Muslim; independent sources estimated 2,000 deaths, mostly Muslim.<a href="#cite_note-17">[13]</a> A Special Investigation Team appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a> in 2012 found no evidence to initiate prosecution proceedings against him.<a href="#cite_note-20">[e]</a> While his policies as chief minister were credited for encouraging economic growth, his administration was criticised for failing to significantly improve health, poverty and education indices in the state.<a href="#cite_note-21">[f]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election" title="2014 Indian general election">2014 Indian general election</a>, Modi led the BJP to a <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">parliamentary</a> majority, the first for a party since <a href="/wiki/1984_Indian_general_election" title="1984 Indian general election">1984</a>. His administration increased <a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment" title="Foreign direct investment">direct foreign investment</a>, and reduced spending on healthcare, education, and social-welfare programmes. Modi began a <a href="/wiki/Swachh_Bharat_Mission" title="Swachh Bharat Mission">high-profile sanitation campaign</a>, and weakened or abolished environmental and labour laws. His <a href="/wiki/2016_Indian_banknote_demonetisation" title="2016 Indian banknote demonetisation">demonetisation of banknotes in 2016</a> and introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Goods_and_Services_Tax_(India)" title="Goods and Services Tax (India)">Goods and Services Tax</a> in 2017 sparked controversy. Modi's administration launched the <a href="/wiki/2019_Balakot_airstrike" title="2019 Balakot airstrike">2019 Balakot airstrike</a> against an alleged terrorist training camp in Pakistan. The airstrike failed,<a href="#cite_note-22">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[17]</a> but the action had nationalist appeal.<a href="#cite_note-24">[18]</a> Modi's party won the <a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election" title="2019 Indian general election">2019 general election</a> which followed.<a href="#cite_note-BS_2019-11-30-25">[19]</a> In its second term, his administration <a href="/wiki/Revocation_of_the_special_status_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir">revoked the special status of Jammu and Kashmir</a>,<a href="#cite_note-26">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[21]</a> and introduced the <a href="/wiki/Citizenship_(Amendment)_Act,_2019" title="Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019">Citizenship Amendment Act</a>, prompting <a href="/wiki/Citizenship_Amendment_Act_protests" title="Citizenship Amendment Act protests">widespread protests</a>, and spurring the <a href="/wiki/2020_Delhi_riots" title="2020 Delhi riots">2020 Delhi riots</a> in which Muslims were brutalised and killed by Hindu mobs.<a href="#cite_note-28">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[24]</a> Three controversial <a href="/wiki/2020_Indian_agriculture_acts" title="2020 Indian agriculture acts">farm laws</a> led to <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Indian_farmers%27_protest" title="2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest">sit-ins</a> by farmers across the country, eventually causing their formal repeal. Modi oversaw India's response to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="COVID-19 pandemic in India">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, during which, according to the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>'s estimates, 4.7 million Indians died.<a href="#cite_note-Grimley-31">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-Biswas-32">[26]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2024_Indian_general_election" title="2024 Indian general election">2024 general election</a>, Modi's party lost its majority in the lower house of Parliament and formed a government leading the <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">National Democratic Alliance</a> coalition.<a href="#cite_note-33">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[28]</a> Under Modi's tenure, India has experienced <a href="/wiki/Democratic_backsliding" title="Democratic backsliding">democratic backsliding</a>, or the weakening of democratic institutions, <a href="/wiki/Individual_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Individual rights">individual rights</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_expression" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of expression">freedom of expression</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-lo9-42">[g]</a> As prime minister, he has received <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_Narendra_Modi_premiership" title="Opinion polling on the Narendra Modi premiership">consistently high approval ratings</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kaul-43">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[38]</a> Modi has been described as engineering a political realignment towards <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">right-wing politics</a>. He remains a controversial figure domestically and internationally, over his Hindu nationalist beliefs and handling of the <a href="/wiki/2002_Gujarat_riots" title="2002 Gujarat riots">Gujarat riots</a>, which have been cited as evidence of a majoritarian and exclusionary social agenda.<a href="#cite_note-52">[h]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2></div> Narendra Damodardas Modi was born on 17 September 1950 to a <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_people" title="Gujarati people">Gujarati</a> <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> family of <a href="/wiki/Other_Backward_Class" title="Other Backward Class">Other Backward Class</a> (OBC) background<a href="#cite_note-53">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[46]</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vadnagar" title="Vadnagar">Vadnagar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mehsana_district" title="Mehsana district">Mehsana district</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombay_State" title="Bombay State">Bombay State</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>). He was the third of six children born to Damodardas Mulchand Modi (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1915–1989) and Hiraben Modi (1923–2022).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarino201413,_15,_29–30,_74-55">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-foo-5">[b]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[48]</a> Modi had infrequently worked as a child in his father's tea business on the <a href="/wiki/Vadnagar_railway_station" title="Vadnagar railway station">Vadnagar railway station</a> platform, according to Modi and his neighbours.<a href="#cite_note-57">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[51]</a> Modi completed his <a href="/wiki/Higher_Secondary_Examination" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher Secondary Examination">higher secondary education</a> in Vadnagar in 1967; his teachers described him as an average student and a keen, gifted debater with an interest in theatre.<a href="#cite_note-Jose-60">[52]</a> He preferred playing larger-than-life characters in theatrical productions, which has influenced his political image.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMukhopadhyay201382-61">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[54]</a> When Modi was eight years old, he was introduced to the <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a> (RSS) and began attending its local shakhas (training sessions). There, he met <a href="/wiki/Lakshmanrao_Inamdar" title="Lakshmanrao Inamdar">Lakshmanrao Inamdar</a>, who inducted Modi as a <a href="/wiki/Swayamsevak_(RSS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swayamsevak (RSS)">balswayamsevak</a> (junior cadet) in the RSS and became his political mentor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarino201424-63">[55]</a> While Modi was training with the RSS, he also met Vasant Gajendragadkar and Nathalal Jaghda, <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh">Bharatiya Jana Sangh</a> leaders who in 1980 helped found the BJP's Gujarat unit.<a href="#cite_note-64">[56]</a> As a teenager, he was enrolled in the <a href="/wiki/National_Cadet_Corps_(India)" title="National Cadet Corps (India)">National Cadet Corps</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[57]</a> In a custom traditional to Narendra Modi's caste, his family arranged a betrothal to <a href="/wiki/Jashodaben_Chimanlal_Modi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jashodaben Chimanlal Modi">Jashodaben Chimanlal Modi</a>, leading to their marriage when she was 17 and he was 18.<a href="#cite_note-66">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schultz-67">[59]</a> Soon afterwards, he abandoned his wife,<a href="#cite_note-68">[60]</a> and left home. The couple never divorced but the marriage was not in his public pronouncements for many decades.<a href="#cite_note-Schultz-67">[59]</a> In April 2014, shortly before the national election in which he gained power, Modi publicly affirmed he was married and that his spouse was Jashodaben.<a href="#cite_note-69">[61]</a> A Modi biographer wrote that Modi kept the marriage a secret because he would not have been able to become a pracharak in the RSS, for which celibacy had once been a requirement.<a href="#cite_note-India_Today_2013-09-13-70">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMukhopadhyay2013A_time_of_difference-71">[63]</a> Modi spent the following two years travelling across northern and north-eastern India.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarino201425-72">[64]</a> In interviews, he has described visiting Hindu ashrams founded by <a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Swami Vivekananda</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Belur_Math" title="Belur Math">Belur Math</a> near <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Ashrama" title="Advaita Ashrama">Advaita Ashrama</a> in <a href="/wiki/Almora" title="Almora">Almora</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Mission" title="Ramakrishna Mission">Ramakrishna Mission</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rajkot" title="Rajkot">Rajkot</a>. His stays at each ashram were brief because he lacked the required college education.<a href="#cite_note-73">[65]</a> Vivekananda has had a large influence in Modi's life.<a href="#cite_note-74">[66]</a> In mid 1968, Modi reached <a href="/wiki/Belur_Math" title="Belur Math">Belur Math</a> but was turned away, after which he visited <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>, stopping in <a href="/wiki/Siliguri" title="Siliguri">Siliguri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guwahati" title="Guwahati">Guwahati</a>. He then went to the <a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Ashram_Marg_metro_station" title="Ramakrishna Ashram Marg metro station">Ramakrishna Ashram</a> in <a href="/wiki/Almora" title="Almora">Almora</a>, where he was again rejected, before returning to <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a> via <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a> in 1968 to 1969. In either late 1969 or early 1970, he returned to <a href="/wiki/Vadnagar" title="Vadnagar">Vadnagar</a> for a brief visit before leaving again for <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad">Ahmedabad</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarino201426–29-75">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007491–492Panda201696Mahurkar20177–9-76">[68]</a> where he lived with his uncle and worked in his uncle's <a href="/wiki/Cafeteria" title="Cafeteria">canteen</a> at <a href="/wiki/Gujarat_State_Road_Transport_Corporation" title="Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation">Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMukhopadhyay2013131,_138-77">[69]</a> In Ahmedabad, Modi renewed his acquaintance with Inamdar, who was based at the Hedgewar Bhavan (RSS headquarters) in the city.<a href="#cite_note-78">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarino201435-80">[72]</a> Modi's first-known political activity as an adult was in 1971 when he joined a <a href="/wiki/Jana_Sangh" class="mw-redirect" title="Jana Sangh">Jana Sangh</a> Satyagraha in Delhi led by <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> to enlist to fight in the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-81">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[74]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a>-led central government prohibited open support for the <a href="/wiki/Mukti_Bahini" title="Mukti Bahini">Mukti Bahini</a>; according to Modi, he was briefly held in <a href="/wiki/Tihar_Jail" class="mw-redirect" title="Tihar Jail">Tihar Jail</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Tribune-84">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[77]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">Indo-Pakistani War of 1971</a>, Modi left his uncle's employment and became a full-time <a href="/wiki/Pracharak" class="mw-redirect" title="Pracharak">pracharak</a> (campaigner) for the RSS,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMukhopadhyay2013138-86">[78]</a> working under Inamdar.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarino201435–40-87">[79]</a> Shortly before the war, Modi took part in a non-violent protest in New Delhi against the Indian government, for which he was arrested; because of this arrest, Inamdar decided to mentor Modi.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarino201435–40-87">[79]</a> According to Modi, he was part of a Satyagraha that led to a political war.<a href="#cite_note-The_Tribune-84">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[i]</a> In 1978, Modi received a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> (BA) degree in political science from the <a href="/wiki/School_of_Open_Learning" title="School of Open Learning">School of Open Learning</a><a href="#cite_note-India_Today_2017-03-14-91">[82]</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_University" title="Delhi University">Delhi University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-India_Today_2013-09-13-70">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[83]</a> In 1983, he received a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">Master of Arts</a> (MA) degree in political science from <a href="/wiki/Gujarat_University" title="Gujarat University">Gujarat University</a>, graduating with a <a href="/wiki/Academic_grading_in_India" title="Academic grading in India">first class</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[85]</a> as an external <a href="/wiki/Distance_education" title="Distance education">distance learning</a> student.<a href="#cite_note-95">[86]</a> There is a controversy surrounding the authenticity of his BA and MA degrees.<a href="#cite_note-96">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[j]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_political_career">Early political career</h2></div> In June 1975, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a> declared a <a href="/wiki/The_Emergency_(India)" title="The Emergency (India)">state of emergency</a> in India that lasted until 1977. During this period, known as "the Emergency", many of her political opponents were jailed and opposition groups were banned.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007493–494-102">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKochanekHardgrave2007205-103">[93]</a> Modi was appointed general secretary of the "Gujarat Lok Sangharsh Samiti", an RSS committee coordinating opposition to the Emergency in Gujarat. Shortly afterwards, the RSS was banned.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarino201436–40-104">[94]</a> Modi was forced to go underground in Gujarat and frequently travelled in disguise to avoid arrest, once dressing as a monk and once as a <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarino201471–74Natarajan_and_Pooja201998–101-105">[95]</a> He became involved in the printing of pamphlets opposing the government, sending them to Delhi and organising demonstrations.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarino201443-106">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMukhopadhyay2013150-107">[97]</a> He was also involved with creating a network of safe houses for individuals who were wanted by the government, and in raising funds for political refugees and activists.<a href="#cite_note-108">[98]</a> During this period, Modi wrote a <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati-language</a> book titled Sangharsh Ma Gujarat (In the Struggles of Gujarat), which describes events during the Emergency.<a href="#cite_note-109">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[100]</a> While in this role, Modi met trade unionist and socialist activist <a href="/wiki/George_Fernandes" title="George Fernandes">George Fernandes</a> and several other national political figures.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarino201438–43,_46–50-111">[101]</a> Modi became an RSS sambhag pracharak (regional organiser) in 1978, overseeing activities in <a href="/wiki/Surat" title="Surat">Surat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vadodara" title="Vadodara">Vadodara</a>, and in 1979, he went to work for the RSS in Delhi, where he researched and wrote the RSS's history of the Emergency. Shortly after, he returned to Gujarat and in 1985, the RSS assigned him to the BJP. In 1987, Modi helped organise the BJP's campaign in the Ahmedabad municipal election, which the party won comfortably; according to biographers, Modi's planning was responsible for the win.<a href="#cite_note-112">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarino201445–48,_54–59-113">[103]</a> After <a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">L. K. Advani</a> became president of the BJP in 1986, the RSS decided to place its members in important positions within the party; Modi's work during the Ahmedabad election led to his selection for this role. Modi was elected organising secretary of the BJP's Gujarat unit later in 1987.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007Marino201456Panda2016fontcoverRao2020228-114">[104]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Narendra_Modi_and_Prime_Minister_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_in_New_Delhi_in_October_12,_2001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Narendra_Modi_and_Prime_Minister_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_in_New_Delhi_in_October_12%2C_2001.jpg/240px-Narendra_Modi_and_Prime_Minister_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_in_New_Delhi_in_October_12%2C_2001.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Narendra_Modi_and_Prime_Minister_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_in_New_Delhi_in_October_12%2C_2001.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="269" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>Modi with <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> in <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 2001</figcaption></figure> Modi rose within the party and was named a member of its National Election Committee in 1990, helping organise Advani's <a href="/wiki/Ram_Rath_Yatra" title="Ram Rath Yatra">Ram Rath Yatra</a> in 1990 and <a href="/wiki/Murli_Manohar_Joshi" title="Murli Manohar Joshi">Murli Manohar Joshi</a>'s 1991–1992 <a href="/wiki/Ekta_Yatra" title="Ekta Yatra">Ekta Yatra</a> (Journey for Unity).<a href="#cite_note-Jose-60">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMukhopadhyay201368–69-115">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarino201460–63-116">[106]</a> Modi took a brief break from politics in 1992 to establish a school in Ahmedabad, and due to friction with <a href="/wiki/Shankersinh_Vaghela" title="Shankersinh Vaghela">Shankersinh Vaghela</a>, a BJP MP from Gujarat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarino201460–63-116">[106]</a> Modi returned to electoral politics in 1994, partly at the insistence of Advani; as party secretary, Modi's electoral strategy was considered central to the BJP victory in the <a href="/wiki/1995_Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1995 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election">1995 state assembly election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-117">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[108]</a> In November of that year, Modi was appointed BJP national secretary and transferred to New Delhi, where he assumed responsibility for party activities in <a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[109]</a> The following year, Shankersinh Vaghela, a prominent BJP leader from Gujarat, defected to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> after losing his parliamentary seat in the Lok Sabha election.<a href="#cite_note-Jose-60">[52]</a> Modi, who was on the selection committee for the <a href="/wiki/1998_Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1998 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election">1998 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election</a>, favoured supporters of BJP leader <a href="/wiki/Keshubhai_Patel" title="Keshubhai Patel">Keshubhai Patel</a> over those supporting Vaghela to end factional division in the party. His strategy was credited as central to the BJP winning an overall majority in the 1998 election,<a href="#cite_note-Venkatesan-120">[110]</a> and Modi was promoted to BJP general secretary (organisation) in May of that year.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarino201478–79Mukhopadhyay201378–95-121">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chief_Minister_of_Gujarat_(2001–2014)">Chief Minister of Gujarat (2001–2014)</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chief_ministership_of_Narendra_Modi" title="Chief ministership of Narendra Modi">Chief ministership of Narendra Modi</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taking_office">Taking office</h3></div> In 2001, <a href="/wiki/Keshubhai_Patel" title="Keshubhai Patel">Keshubhai Patel</a>'s health was failing, and the BJP lost a few state assembly seats in <a href="/wiki/By-election" title="By-election">by-elections</a>. Allegations of abuse of power, corruption and poor administration were made, and Patel's standing had been damaged by his administration's handling of the <a href="/wiki/2001_Gujarat_earthquake" title="2001 Gujarat earthquake">earthquake in Bhuj in 2001</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Venkatesan-120">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-Phadnis-122">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[113]</a> The BJP national leadership sought a new candidate for the chief ministership, and Modi, who had expressed misgivings about Patel's administration, was chosen as a replacement.<a href="#cite_note-Jose-60">[52]</a> Advani did not want to ostracise Patel and was concerned about Modi's lack of experience in government. Modi declined an offer to become Patel's <a href="/wiki/List_of_deputy_chief_ministers_of_Gujarat" title="List of deputy chief ministers of Gujarat">deputy chief minister</a>, telling Advani and <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> he was "going to be fully responsible for Gujarat or not at all". On 3 October 2001, Modi replaced Patel as Chief Minister of Gujarat with the responsibility of preparing the BJP for the upcoming December 2002 election.<a href="#cite_note-124">[114]</a> On 7 October, Modi was sworn in<a href="#cite_note-125">[115]</a> and he entered the Gujarat state legislature on 24 February 2002 after winning a by-election in <a href="/wiki/Rajkot_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajkot West">Rajkot II</a> constituency, defeating Ashwin Mehta of the INC.<a href="#cite_note-126">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2002_Gujarat_riots">2002 Gujarat riots</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2002_Gujarat_riots" title="2002 Gujarat riots">2002 Gujarat riots</a></div> On 27 February 2002, a train with several hundred passengers <a href="/wiki/Godhra_train_burning" title="Godhra train burning">burned near Godhra</a>, killing approximately 60 people.<a href="#cite_note-129">[k]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ghosh-130">[119]</a> The train carried a large number of Hindu pilgrims who were returning from <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya" title="Ayodhya">Ayodhya</a> after a religious ceremony at the site of the demolished <a href="/wiki/Babri_Masjid" title="Babri Masjid">Babri Masjid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2003-07-131">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC_2005-05-11-132">[121]</a> In a public statement, Modi said local Muslims were responsible for the incident.<a href="#cite_note-Shani-13">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2003-07-131">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-Murphy-133">[122]</a> The next day, the <a href="/wiki/Vishwa_Hindu_Parishad" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishwa Hindu Parishad">Vishwa Hindu Parishad</a> called for a <a href="/wiki/Bandh" title="Bandh">bandh</a> (general strike) across the state.<a href="#cite_note-Desai-134">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dasgupta-135">[124]</a> Riots began during the bandh and <a href="/wiki/Anti-Muslim_violence_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Muslim violence in India">anti-Muslim violence</a> spread through Gujarat.<a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2003-07-131">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-Desai-134">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dasgupta-135">[124]</a> The government's decision to move the bodies of the train victims from Godhra to Ahmedabad further inflamed the violence.<a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2003-07-131">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[125]</a> The state government later stated 790 Muslims and 254 Hindus were killed during the riots;<a href="#cite_note-BBC_2005-05-11-132">[121]</a> independent sources put the death toll at over 2,000,<a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2003-07-131">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ghosh-130">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[126]</a> the vast majority of them Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-Ghosh-130">[119]</a> Approximately 150,000 people were driven to refugee camps.<a href="#cite_note-138">[127]</a> Numerous women and children were among the victims; the violence included mass rapes and mutilation of women.<a href="#cite_note-Nussbaum-12">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[128]</a> Scholars consider the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Gujarat" title="Government of Gujarat">Government of Gujarat</a> to have been complicit in the riots,<a href="#cite_note-Shani-13">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[129]</a> and it has received much criticism for its handling of the situation;<a href="#cite_note-Sengupta-141">[130]</a> some scholars explicitly blame Modi.<a href="#cite_note-Nussbaum-12">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[132]</a> The Modi government imposed a curfew in 26 major cities, issued shoot-at-sight orders and called for the army to patrol the streets; these measures failed to prevent the violence from escalating.<a href="#cite_note-Desai-134">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dasgupta-135">[124]</a> The president of the state unit of the BJP expressed support for the bandh despite such actions being illegal at the time.<a href="#cite_note-Shani-13">[10]</a> State officials later prevented riot victims from leaving the refugee camps, which were often unable to meet the needs of those living there.<a href="#cite_note-144">[133]</a> Muslim victims of the riots were subjected to further discrimination when the state government announced their compensation would be half that offered to Hindu victims; this decision was later reversed after the issue was taken to court.<a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2016-01-16-145">[134]</a> During the riots, police officers often did not intervene in situations where they were able.<a href="#cite_note-Nussbaum-12">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Murphy-133">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[135]</a> Several scholars have described the violence as a <a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">pogrom</a> and others have called it an example of <a href="/wiki/State_terrorism" title="State terrorism">state terrorism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[138]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Martha_Nussbaum" title="Martha Nussbaum">Martha Nussbaum</a>, "There is by now a broad consensus that the Gujarat violence was a form of ethnic cleansing, that in many ways it was premeditated, and that it was carried out with the complicity of the state government and officers of the law".<a href="#cite_note-Nussbaum-12">[9]</a> Modi's personal involvement in the 2002 events has continued to be debated. During the riots, he said, "What is happening is a chain of action and reaction".<a href="#cite_note-Nussbaum-12">[9]</a> Later in 2002, Modi said the way in which he had handled the media was his only regret regarding the episode.<a href="#cite_note-150">[139]</a> In March 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a> reopened several cases related to the riots, including that of the <a href="/wiki/Gulbarg_Society_massacre" title="Gulbarg Society massacre">Gulbarg Society massacre</a>, and established a <a href="/wiki/Special_Investigation_Team_(India)" title="Special Investigation Team (India)">Special Investigation Team</a> (SIT) to look into the issue.<a href="#cite_note-Sengupta-141">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hindustan_Times_2013-12-26-151">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[141]</a> In response to a petition from <a href="/wiki/Zakia_Jafri" title="Zakia Jafri">Zakia Jafri</a>, the widow of <a href="/wiki/Ehsan_Jafri" title="Ehsan Jafri">Ehsan Jafri</a>, who was killed in the Gulbarg Society massacre, in April 2009, the court also asked the SIT to investigate Modi's complicity in the killings.<a href="#cite_note-Hindustan_Times_2013-12-26-151">[140]</a> The SIT questioned Modi in March 2010; in May, it presented to the court a report finding no evidence against him.<a href="#cite_note-Hindustan_Times_2013-12-26-151">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[142]</a> In July 2011, the court-appointed <a href="/wiki/Amicus_curiae" title="Amicus curiae">amicus curiae</a> <a href="/wiki/Raju_Ramachandran" title="Raju Ramachandran">Raju Ramachandran</a> submitted his final report to the court. Contrary to the SIT's position, Ramachandran said Modi could be prosecuted based on the available evidence.<a href="#cite_note-154">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[144]</a> The Supreme Court sent the matter to the magistrate's court. The SIT examined Ramachandran's report, and in March 2012 submitted its final report, asking for the case to be closed. Zakia Jafri filed a protest petition in response. In December 2013, the magistrate's court rejected the protest petition, accepting the SIT's finding there was no evidence against Modi.<a href="#cite_note-156">[145]</a> In 2022, the Supreme Court dismissed a petition by Zakia Jafri in which she challenged the clean chit given to Modi in the riots by the SIT, and upheld previous rulings that no evidence against him was found.<a href="#cite_note-157">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_terms_as_Chief_Minister">Later terms as Chief Minister</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2002_Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2002 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election">2002 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election</a></div> Following the violence, calls for Modi to resign as chief minister were made from politicians within and outside the state, including leaders of <a href="/wiki/Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Telugu_Desam_Party" title="Telugu Desam Party">Telugu Desam Party</a>—partners in the BJP-led <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">National Democratic Alliance</a> coalition—and opposition parties stalled Parliament over the issue.<a href="#cite_note-160">[149]</a> Modi submitted his resignation at the April 2002 BJP national executive meeting in Goa but it was not accepted.<a href="#cite_note-161">[150]</a> Despite opposition from the election commissioner, who said a number of voters were still displaced, Modi succeeded in advancing the election to December 2002.<a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2015-04-06-162">[151]</a> In the election, the BJP won 127 seats in the 182-member assembly.<a href="#cite_note-ECI_2002-163">[152]</a> Modi made significant use of <a href="/wiki/Anti-Muslim_rhetoric" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Muslim rhetoric">anti-Muslim rhetoric</a> during his campaign,<a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2016-05-09-164">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[156]</a> and the BJP profited from religious polarisation among voters.<a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2015-04-06-162">[151]</a> Modi framed the criticism of his government for human rights violations as an attack upon Gujarati pride,<a href="#cite_note-Bobbio-11">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2016-05-09-164">[153]</a> a strategy that led to the BJP winning 127 of the 182<a href="#cite_note-ECI_2002-163">[152]</a> seats—a two-thirds majority—in the state assembly.<a href="#cite_note-Bobbio-11">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2016-05-09-164">[153]</a> He won <a href="/wiki/Maninagar_Assembly_constituency" title="Maninagar Assembly constituency">Maninagar constituency</a>, defeating Congress candidate Yatin Oza.<a href="#cite_note-168">[157]</a> On 22 December 2002, Modi was sworn in for a second term.<a href="#cite_note-169">[158]</a> During Modi's second term, the government's rhetoric shifted from <a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a> to Gujarat's economic development.<a href="#cite_note-Phadnis-122">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bobbio-11">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2016-05-09-164">[153]</a> He curtailed the influence of <a href="/wiki/Sangh_Parivar" title="Sangh Parivar">Sangh Parivar</a> organisations such as <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Kisan_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Kisan Sangh">Bharatiya Kisan Sangh</a> (BKS) and <a href="/wiki/Vishva_Hindu_Parishad" title="Vishva Hindu Parishad">Vishva Hindu Parishad</a> (VHP).<a href="#cite_note-Umat-170">[159]</a> When the BKS staged a farmers' demonstration, Modi ordered the BKS's eviction from state-provided houses, and his decision to demolish 200 illegal temples in <a href="/wiki/Gandhinagar" title="Gandhinagar">Gandhinagar</a> deepened the rift with the VHP.<a href="#cite_note-Umat-170">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[160]</a> Modi retained connections with some Hindu nationalists. He wrote a foreword to a 2014 textbook by <a href="/wiki/Dinanath_Batra" title="Dinanath Batra">Dinanath Batra</a>, which made the unscientific claim that ancient India possessed technologies including <a href="/wiki/Test-tube_babies" class="mw-redirect" title="Test-tube babies">test-tube babies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-172">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-Manor-173">[162]</a> Modi's relationship with Muslims continued to attract criticism. Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> distanced himself, reaching out to North Indian Muslims before the <a href="/wiki/2004_Indian_general_election" title="2004 Indian general election">2004 Indian general election</a>, following which, Vajpayee called the violence in Gujarat a reason for the BJP's electoral defeat and said it had been a mistake to leave Modi in office after the riots.<a href="#cite_note-174">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[164]</a> Western nations also raised questions about Modi's relationship with Muslims: the US <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">State Department</a> barred him from entering the United States in accordance with the recommendations of that country's <a href="/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_International_Religious_Freedom" title="United States Commission on International Religious Freedom">Commission on International Religious Freedom</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Mann-176">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-Times_of_India_2005-03-18-177">[166]</a> the only person to be <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_banned_from_entering_the_United_States" title="List of people banned from entering the United States">denied a US visa</a> under this law.<a href="#cite_note-Mann-176">[165]</a> The UK and the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (EU) refused to admit Modi because of what they saw as his role in the riots. As Modi rose to prominence in India, the UK<a href="#cite_note-178">[167]</a> and the EU<a href="#cite_note-179">[168]</a> lifted their bans in October 2012 and March 2013, respectively, and after his election as prime minister in 2014, the US lifted its ban and invited him to <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[170]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Chief_Minister_of_Gujarat_Shri_Narendra_Modi_calls_on_the_Prime_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_in_New_Delhi_on_June_30,_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/The_Chief_Minister_of_Gujarat_Shri_Narendra_Modi_calls_on_the_Prime_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_in_New_Delhi_on_June_30%2C_2004.jpg/220px-The_Chief_Minister_of_Gujarat_Shri_Narendra_Modi_calls_on_the_Prime_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_in_New_Delhi_on_June_30%2C_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/The_Chief_Minister_of_Gujarat_Shri_Narendra_Modi_calls_on_the_Prime_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_in_New_Delhi_on_June_30%2C_2004.jpg/330px-The_Chief_Minister_of_Gujarat_Shri_Narendra_Modi_calls_on_the_Prime_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_in_New_Delhi_on_June_30%2C_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/The_Chief_Minister_of_Gujarat_Shri_Narendra_Modi_calls_on_the_Prime_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_in_New_Delhi_on_June_30%2C_2004.jpg/440px-The_Chief_Minister_of_Gujarat_Shri_Narendra_Modi_calls_on_the_Prime_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_in_New_Delhi_on_June_30%2C_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="717" /></a><figcaption>Modi meeting with then-<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a> <a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a> in 2004</figcaption></figure> During the run-up to the <a href="/wiki/2007_Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2007 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election">2007 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2009_Indian_general_election" title="2009 Indian general election">2009 Indian general election</a>, the BJP intensified its rhetoric on terrorism.<a href="#cite_note-182">[171]</a> Modi criticised Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a> "for his reluctance to revive anti-terror legislation" such as the 2002 <a href="/wiki/Prevention_of_Terrorism_Act,_2002" title="Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002">Prevention of Terrorism Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-183">[172]</a> In 2007, Modi wrote Karmayog, a 101-page booklet discussing manual scavenging. In it, he said scavenging is a "spiritual experience" for <a href="/wiki/Valmiki_caste" title="Valmiki caste">Valmiks</a>, a sub-caste of <a href="/wiki/Dalit" title="Dalit">Dalits</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[174]</a> The book was not circulated at that time because of the <a href="/wiki/Model_Code_of_Conduct" title="Model Code of Conduct">election code of conduct</a>.<a href="#cite_note-186">[175]</a> After the November <a href="/wiki/2008_Mumbai_attacks" title="2008 Mumbai attacks">2008 Mumbai attacks</a>, the Gujarat government authorised the deployment of 30 high-speed boats for coastal surveillance.<a href="#cite_note-187">[176]</a> In July 2007, Modi completed 2,063 consecutive days as chief minister of Gujarat, making him the longest-serving holder of that post.<a href="#cite_note-188">[177]</a> The BJP won 122 of 182 state-assembly seats in that year's election.<a href="#cite_note-189">[178]</a> Despite the BJP's shift away from explicit Hindutva, Modi's campaigns in <a href="/wiki/2007_Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2007 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election">2007</a> and <a href="/wiki/2012_Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election">2012</a> Gujarat Legislative Assembly elections contained elements of Hindu nationalism. He attended only Hindu religious ceremonies and had prominent associations with Hindu religious leaders. During his 2012 campaign, Modi twice refused to wear <a href="/wiki/Taqiyah_(cap)" title="Taqiyah (cap)">skullcap</a> gifted by Muslim leaders.<a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2016-05-09-164">[153]</a> He did, however, maintain relations with <a href="/wiki/Dawoodi_Bohra" title="Dawoodi Bohra">Dawoodi Bohra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2016-05-09-164">[153]</a> Modi's 2012 campaign included references to issues known to cause religious polarisation, including <a href="/wiki/Afzal_Guru" title="Afzal Guru">Afzal Guru</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Sohrabuddin_Sheikh" title="Death of Sohrabuddin Sheikh">death of Sohrabuddin Sheikh</a>. The BJP did not nominate any Muslim candidates for the 2012 assembly election.<a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2016-05-09-164">[153]</a> During the 2012 campaign, Modi attempted to identify himself with the state of Gujarat, a strategy similar to that used by Indira Gandhi during the Emergency, and projected himself as protecting Gujarat against persecution by the rest of India.<a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2016-05-09-164">[153]</a> While campaigning for the 2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election, Modi made extensive use of holograms and other technologies, allowing him to reach a large number of people,<a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2015-04-06-162">[151]</a> something he repeated in the 2014 general election. Modi won the constituency of Maninagar, defeating Shweta Bhatt of the INC.<a href="#cite_note-NDTV_2012-12-20-190">[179]</a> The BJP won 115 of the 182 seats, continuing its majority during his tenure.<a href="#cite_note-191">[180]</a> After <a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election" title="2014 Indian general election">his election as Prime Minister of India</a>, Modi resigned as the Gujarat chief minister and as MLA for Maninagar. <a href="/wiki/Anandiben_Patel" title="Anandiben Patel">Anandiben Patel</a> succeeded Modi as chief minister.<a href="#cite_note-192">[181]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development_projects">Development projects</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sardar_Sarovar_Dam_2006,_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Sardar_Sarovar_Dam_2006%2C_India.jpg/220px-Sardar_Sarovar_Dam_2006%2C_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Sardar_Sarovar_Dam_2006%2C_India.jpg/330px-Sardar_Sarovar_Dam_2006%2C_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Sardar_Sarovar_Dam_2006%2C_India.jpg/440px-Sardar_Sarovar_Dam_2006%2C_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Sardar_Sarovar_Dam" title="Sardar Sarovar Dam">Sardar Sarovar Dam</a> during a 2006 height increase</figcaption></figure> As chief minister, Modi favoured privatisation and <a href="/wiki/Small_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Small government">small government</a>, which was at odds with the philosophy of the RSS, which is usually described as anti-privatisation and anti-globalisation. Modi's policies during his second term have been credited with reducing corruption in Gujarat. He established financial and technology parks in the state and during the 2007 <a href="/wiki/Vibrant_Gujarat" title="Vibrant Gujarat">Vibrant Gujarat</a> summit, real-estate investment deals worth ₹6.6 trillion (equivalent to ₹20 trillion or US$230 billion in 2023) were signed.<a href="#cite_note-Phadnis-122">[112]</a> The governments led by Patel and Modi supported NGOs and communities in the creation of groundwater-conservation projects. By December 2008, 500,000 structures had been built, of which 113,738 were <a href="/wiki/Check_dam" title="Check dam">check dams</a>, which helped recharge the aquifers beneath them.<a href="#cite_note-Shah_2011-193">[182]</a> Sixty of the 112 <a href="/wiki/Tehsil" title="Tehsil">tehsils</a> which had depleted the <a href="/wiki/Water_table" title="Water table">water table</a> in 2004 had regained their normal groundwater levels by 2010.<a href="#cite_note-194">[183]</a> As a result, the state's production of <a href="/wiki/Bt_cotton" title="Bt cotton">genetically modified cotton</a> increased to become the largest in India.<a href="#cite_note-Shah_2011-193">[182]</a> The boom in cotton production and its semi-arid land use<a href="#cite_note-195">[184]</a> led to Gujarat's agricultural sector growing at an average rate of 9.6 per cent from 2001 to 2007.<a href="#cite_note-196">[185]</a> Public irrigation measures in central and southern Gujarat, such as the <a href="/wiki/Sardar_Sarovar_Dam" title="Sardar Sarovar Dam">Sardar Sarovar Dam</a>, were less successful. The Sardar Sarovar project irrigated only 4–6% of the area intended.<a href="#cite_note-Shah_2011-193">[182]</a> In 2008, Modi offered land in Gujarat to <a href="/wiki/Tata_Motors" title="Tata Motors">Tata Motors</a> to set up a plant manufacturing the <a href="/wiki/Nano_(car)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nano (car)">Nano</a> car after popular agitation had forced the <a href="/wiki/Tata_Nano_Singur_controversy" title="Tata Nano Singur controversy">company to move out of West Bengal</a>. Following Tata, several other companies relocated to Gujarat.<a href="#cite_note-Schöttli-197">[186]</a> The Modi government finished the process of taking electricity to every village in Gujarat its predecessor had almost completed.<a href="#cite_note-198">[187]</a> Modi significantly changed the state's system of power distribution, greatly impacting farmers. Gujarat expanded the <a href="/wiki/Jyotigram_Yojana" title="Jyotigram Yojana">Jyotigram Yojana</a> scheme, in which agricultural electricity was separated from other rural electricity; the agricultural electricity was rationed to fit scheduled irrigation demands, reducing its cost. Early protests by farmers ended when those who benefitted found their electricity supply had stabilised<a href="#cite_note-Shah_2011-193">[182]</a> but, according to an assessment study, corporations and large farmers benefited from the policy at the expense of small farmers and labourers.<a href="#cite_note-199">[188]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development_debate">Development debate</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Modi_at_GNLU.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Modi speaking at flower-decked podium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Modi_at_GNLU.jpg/180px-Modi_at_GNLU.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Modi_at_GNLU.jpg/270px-Modi_at_GNLU.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Modi_at_GNLU.jpg/360px-Modi_at_GNLU.jpg 2x" data-file-width="636" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Modi addressing graduates of the <a href="/wiki/Gujarat_National_Law_University" title="Gujarat National Law University">Gujarat National Law University</a> in 2012 </figcaption></figure> A contentious debate surrounds the assessment of Gujarat's economic development during Modi's tenure as chief minister.<a href="#cite_note-Basu-200">[189]</a> The state's <a href="/wiki/Gross_Domestic_Product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross Domestic Product">Gross Domestic Product</a> (GDP) growth rate averaged 10% during his tenure, a rate similar to those of other highly industrialised states, and above that of India as a whole.<a href="#cite_note-Schöttli-197">[186]</a> Gujarat also had a high rate of economic growth in the 1990s, before Modi took office; some scholars have stated growth did not much accelerate during his tenure.<a href="#cite_note-201">[190]</a> Under Modi, Gujarat topped the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>'s "ease of doing business" rankings among Indian states for two consecutive years.<a href="#cite_note-202">[191]</a> In 2013, a report measuring governance, growth, citizens' rights, and labour and business regulation among the country's 20 largest states, ranked Gujarat first among Indian states for "economic freedom".<a href="#cite_note-Schöttli-197">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[192]</a> In the later years of Modi's government, Gujarat's economic growth was frequently used as an argument to counter allegations of communalism.<a href="#cite_note-Bobbio-11">[8]</a> Tax breaks and land for businesses were easier to obtain in Gujarat than in other states. Modi's policies of making Gujarat attractive for investment included the creation of <a href="/wiki/Special_Economic_Zones" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Economic Zones">Special Economic Zones</a> in which labour laws were greatly weakened.<a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2016-05-09-164">[153]</a> Despite its growth rate, Gujarat had a relatively poor record on human development, poverty relief, nutrition and education during Modi's tenure. In 2013, Gujarat ranked 13th in India with respect to rates of poverty, and 21st in education. Nearly 45 per cent of children under five were underweight and 23 per cent were undernourished, putting the state in the "alarming" category on the <a href="/wiki/India_State_Hunger_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="India State Hunger Index">India State Hunger Index</a>.<a href="#cite_note-204">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-Harriss-205">[194]</a> A study by <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a> and the Indian government found Gujarat under Modi had a poor record in <a href="/wiki/Immunisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Immunisation">immunisation</a> of children.<a href="#cite_note-Economist_2015-06-27-206">[195]</a> From 2001 to 2011, Gujarat did not change its position relative to the rest of the country with respect to poverty and female literacy, remaining near the median of the 29 Indian states.<a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2016-01-16-145">[134]</a> It showed a marginal improvement in rates of infant mortality and its position with respect to individual consumption declined.<a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2016-01-16-145">[134]</a> The quality of education in government schools in Gujarat ranked below that of many Indian states.<a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2016-01-16-145">[134]</a> The state government's social policies generally did not benefit Muslims, <a href="/wiki/Dalit" title="Dalit">Dalits</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adivasi" title="Adivasi">Adivasis</a>, and generally increased social inequalities.<a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2016-01-16-145">[134]</a> Development in Gujarat was generally limited to the urban middle class, and citizens in rural areas and those from lower castes were increasingly marginalised. In 2013, the state ranked 10th of 21 Indian states in the <a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">Human Development Index</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2013-06-15">[12]</a> Under Modi, the state government spent less than the national average on education and healthcare.<a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2016-01-16-145">[134]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allegations_of_bribery">Allegations of bribery</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sahara-Birla_Papers" title="Sahara-Birla Papers">Sahara-Birla Papers</a></div> During its raids in 2013 and 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Central Bureau of Investigation">CBI</a> seized some diaries from two big Indian companies, <a href="/wiki/Sahara_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahara Group">Sahara Group</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aditya_Birla_Group" title="Aditya Birla Group">Aditya Birla Group</a>. These diaries contained references of alleged payments made to leaders belonging to as many as 18 political parties including BJP, Congress, JDU, BJD etc.<a href="#cite_note-207">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-Newslaundry-208">[197]</a> Among these were some entries mentioning "Gujarat CM" and "Ahmadabad Modiji".<a href="#cite_note-209">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-Newslaundry-208">[197]</a> Citing these entries, on 21 December 2016, the opposition leader <a href="/wiki/Rahul_Gandhi" title="Rahul Gandhi">Rahul Gandhi</a> alleged that Modi received cash bribes worth ₹65 crore (US$7.5 million) from Sahara Group and Aditya Birla Group when he was the Chief Minister of Gujarat.<a href="#cite_note-211">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[201]</a> In November 2016, advocate <a href="/wiki/Prashant_Bhushan" title="Prashant Bhushan">Prashant Bhushan</a> had filed a plea in the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a> asking for investigation of the alleged bribe payments made to some senior public servants including Modi.<a href="#cite_note-213">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[203]</a> A Supreme Court bench headed by Justice <a href="/wiki/Arun_Kumar_Mishra" title="Arun Kumar Mishra">Arun Kumar Mishra</a> dismissed the plea in January 2017 stating that the evidence provided was insufficient.<a href="#cite_note-215">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[205]</a> Later on, Justice Mishra was criticised by a section of advocates and activists for siding with the Modi government in multiple judgements during his tenure at the Supreme Court.<a href="#cite_note-217">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[207]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Wire_(India)" title="The Wire (India)">The Wire</a> questioned the manner in which the Supreme Court buried the Sahara-Birla diaries' investigation.<a href="#cite_note-219">[208]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Premiership_campaigns">Premiership campaigns</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2014_Indian_general_election">2014 Indian general election</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party_campaign_for_the_2014_Indian_general_election" title="Bharatiya Janata Party campaign for the 2014 Indian general election">Bharatiya Janata Party campaign for the 2014 Indian general election</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Narendra_Modi_hands_over_his_resignation_as_Maninagar_MLA_to_the_Speaker_of_the_Gujarat_Vidhan_Sabha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Narendra_Modi_hands_over_his_resignation_as_Maninagar_MLA_to_the_Speaker_of_the_Gujarat_Vidhan_Sabha.jpg/220px-Narendra_Modi_hands_over_his_resignation_as_Maninagar_MLA_to_the_Speaker_of_the_Gujarat_Vidhan_Sabha.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Narendra_Modi_hands_over_his_resignation_as_Maninagar_MLA_to_the_Speaker_of_the_Gujarat_Vidhan_Sabha.jpg/330px-Narendra_Modi_hands_over_his_resignation_as_Maninagar_MLA_to_the_Speaker_of_the_Gujarat_Vidhan_Sabha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Narendra_Modi_hands_over_his_resignation_as_Maninagar_MLA_to_the_Speaker_of_the_Gujarat_Vidhan_Sabha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="267" /></a><figcaption>Narendra Modi hands over his resignation as <a href="/wiki/Maninagar_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maninagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Maninagar</a> MLA to the Speaker of the <a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Vidhan_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gujarat Vidhan Sabha">Gujarat Vidhan Sabha</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wgeKLJuJMp8">BJP announces Shri Narendra Modi as its Prime Ministerial candidate for Loksabha Elections.</a> Bharatiya Janata Party on <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>, 13 September 2013</td></tr></tbody></table> In September 2013, Modi was <a href="/wiki/Prime_ministerial_candidacy_of_Narendra_Modi" title="Prime ministerial candidacy of Narendra Modi">named the BJP's candidate for prime minister</a> ahead of the <a href="/wiki/2014_Lok_Sabha_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Lok Sabha election">2014 Lok Sabha election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Chhibber-220">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[210]</a> Several BJP leaders,<a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2015-06-222">[211]</a> including BJP founding member L. K. Advani who cited concern with leaders who were "concerned with their personal agendas", expressed opposition to Modi's candidature.<a href="#cite_note-223">[212]</a> Modi played a dominant role in the BJP's 2009 general election campaign.<a href="#cite_note-224">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chakravartty-225">[214]</a> Several people who voted for the BJP stated they would have voted for another party if Modi had not been the prime-ministerial candidate.<a href="#cite_note-Chhibber-220">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chacko-226">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-Srivastava-227">[216]</a> The focus on Modi as an individual was unusual for a BJP election campaign.<a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2015-06-222">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[217]</a> The election was described as a referendum on Narendra Modi.<a href="#cite_note-Basu-200">[189]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Narendra_Modi_meets_his_mother_after_winning_the_2014_elections.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Narendra_Modi_meets_his_mother_after_winning_the_2014_elections.jpg/220px-Narendra_Modi_meets_his_mother_after_winning_the_2014_elections.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Narendra_Modi_meets_his_mother_after_winning_the_2014_elections.jpg/330px-Narendra_Modi_meets_his_mother_after_winning_the_2014_elections.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Narendra_Modi_meets_his_mother_after_winning_the_2014_elections.jpg/440px-Narendra_Modi_meets_his_mother_after_winning_the_2014_elections.jpg 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="458" /></a><figcaption>Modi meets his mother after winning the <a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election" title="2014 Indian general election">2014 Indian general election</a></figcaption></figure> During the campaign, Modi focused on corruption scandals under the previous Congress government, and played on his image as a politician who had created a high rate of GDP growth in Gujarat.<a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2015-06-222">[211]</a> He projected himself as a person who could bring about "development" without focusing on specific policies.<a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2015-06-222">[211]</a> His message found support among young and middle-class people. The BJP under Modi was able to downplay concerns about the protection of religious minorities and Modi's commitment to secularism, areas in which he had previously received criticism.<a href="#cite_note-Chakravartty-225">[214]</a> Prior to the election, Modi's media image had centred around his role in the 2002 Gujarat riots but during the campaign, the BJP focused on Modi's <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberal</a> ideology and the Gujarat model of development.<a href="#cite_note-Chakravartty-225">[214]</a> The BJP sought to identify itself with political leaders who publicly opposed <a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a>, including <a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Subhas Chandra Bose">Subhas Chandra Bose</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ram_Manohar_Lohia" title="Ram Manohar Lohia">Ram Manohar Lohia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Manor-173">[162]</a> Hindutva remained a part of the campaign; BJP leaders used Hindutva-based rhetoric in several states.<a href="#cite_note-Palshikar-229">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2015-06-222">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chacko-226">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ganguly_2014-10-48">[41]</a> Communal tensions were played upon, especially in Uttar Pradesh and <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Palshikar-229">[218]</a> A proposal for the controversial <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Civil_Code" title="Uniform Civil Code">Uniform Civil Code</a> was a part of the BJP's election manifesto.<a href="#cite_note-Ganguly_2014-10-48">[41]</a> The BJP's campaign was assisted by its wide influence in the media.<a href="#cite_note-Harriss-205">[194]</a> Modi's campaign blitz cost around ₹50 billion (US$580 million)<a href="#cite_note-Basu-200">[189]</a> and the BJP received extensive financial support from corporate donors.<a href="#cite_note-230">[219]</a> In addition to more-conventional campaign methods, Modi made extensive use of social media<a href="#cite_note-Basu-200">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2015-06-222">[211]</a> and addressed more than 1,000 rallies via hologram appearances.<a href="#cite_note-Ganguly_2014-10-48">[41]</a> The BJP won 31 per cent of the vote,<a href="#cite_note-Stepan-47">[40]</a> and more-than-doubled its number of seats in the Lok Sabha to 282, becoming the first party to win a majority of seats on its own since <a href="/wiki/1984_Indian_general_election" title="1984 Indian general election">1984</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Chakravartty-225">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chacko-226">[215]</a> Voter dissatisfaction with the Congress and with regional parties in North India, and support from the RSS were reasons for the BJP's success.<a href="#cite_note-Chacko-226">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2015-06-222">[211]</a> In states such as Uttar Pradesh, where the BJP performed well, it drew exceptionally high support from upper-caste Hindus, and its Muslim vote increased to 10 per cent. The BJP performed particularly well in parts of the country that had recently experienced violence between Hindus and Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-Chacko-226">[215]</a> The magnitude of the BJP's victory led many commentators to say the election constituted a political realignment away from <a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">progressive parties</a> towards the right-wing.<a href="#cite_note-Ganguly_2014-10-48">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-Basu-200">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chacko-226">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-232">[221]</a> Modi's tweet announcing his victory was described as being emblematic of the political realignment away from a secular, socialist state towards capitalism and Hindu cultural nationalism.<a href="#cite_note-233">[222]</a> Modi was a candidate for the Lok Sabha constituencies <a href="/wiki/Varanasi_Lok_Sabha_constituency" title="Varanasi Lok Sabha constituency">Varanasi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vadodara_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vadodara (Lok Sabha constituency)">Vadodara</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NDTV_2014-04-09-234">[223]</a> He won in both constituencies, defeating <a href="/wiki/Aam_Aadmi_Party" title="Aam Aadmi Party">Aam Aadmi Party</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Arvind_Kejriwal" title="Arvind Kejriwal">Arvind Kejriwal</a> in Varanasi by 371,784 votes and <a href="/wiki/Madhusudan_Mistry" title="Madhusudan Mistry">Madhusudan Mistry</a> of the Congress in Vadodara by 570,128 votes.<a href="#cite_note-235">[224]</a> India's president appointed Modi, who was unanimously elected leader of the BJP, Prime Minister of India.<a href="#cite_note-236">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[226]</a> To comply with the law prohibiting MPs from representing more than one constituency, he vacated the Vadodara seat.<a href="#cite_note-238">[227]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2019_Indian_general_election">2019 Indian general election</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party_campaign_for_the_2019_Indian_general_election" title="Bharatiya Janata Party campaign for the 2019 Indian general election">Bharatiya Janata Party campaign for the 2019 Indian general election</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QoORekBf6pE">BJP announced manifesto and Shri Narendra Modi as prime minister candidate.</a> Bharatiya Janata Party on <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>, 8 April 2019.</td></tr></tbody></table> On 13 October 2018, Modi was named the BJP candidate for prime minister in the <a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election" title="2019 Indian general election">2019 general election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-239">[228]</a> The BJP's chief campaigner was its president <a href="/wiki/Amit_Shah" title="Amit Shah">Amit Shah</a>. Modi launched the party's <a href="/wiki/Main_Bhi_Chowkidar" title="Main Bhi Chowkidar">Main Bhi Chowkidar</a> ("I too am a watchman") campaign ahead of the general election, against the INC's campaign slogan <a href="/wiki/Chowkidar_Chor_Hai" title="Chowkidar Chor Hai">Chowkidar Chor Hai</a> ("The watchman is a thief").<a href="#cite_note-240">[229]</a> In 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Telugu_Desam_Party" title="Telugu Desam Party">Telugu Desam Party</a> split from the NDA over the campaign for special status for <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-241">[230]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amit_Shah" title="Amit Shah">Amit Shah</a> launched the BJP's election campaign on 8 April 2019. In the campaign, the opposition targeted Modi on allegations of corruption over the <a href="/wiki/Rafale_deal" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafale deal">Rafale deal</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_France" title="Government of France">Government of France</a>, highlighting the <a href="/wiki/Rafale_deal_controversy" title="Rafale deal controversy">controversy surrounding the deal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-242">[231]</a> Modi's campaign focused on defence and national security, especially after the <a href="/wiki/2019_Pulwama_attack" title="2019 Pulwama attack">Pulwama attack</a> and the retaliatory <a href="/wiki/2019_Balakot_airstrike" title="2019 Balakot airstrike">Balakot airstrike</a>, which was counted as an achievement of his administration.<a href="#cite_note-BS_2019-11-30-25">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[232]</a> Other topics in the campaign were development and <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Narendra_Modi_government" title="Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government">good foreign relations</a> in the first premiership.<a href="#cite_note-244">[233]</a> Modi contested the Lok Sabha election as a candidate for <a href="/wiki/Varanasi_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)">Varanasi</a>; he won the seat by a margin of 479,505 votes, defeating Shalini Yadav of the <a href="/wiki/Samajwadi_Party" title="Samajwadi Party">Samajwadi Party</a> (SP), who stood as a candidate for the SP-<a href="/wiki/Bahujan_Samaj_Party" title="Bahujan Samaj Party">BSP</a> alliance.<a href="#cite_note-245">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[235]</a> Modi was unanimously appointed prime minister for a second time by the <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">National Democratic Alliance</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[236]</a> after the alliance won the election for the second time with 353 seats in the Lok Sabha; the BJP alone won 303 seats.<a href="#cite_note-248">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[238]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2024_Indian_general_election">2024 Indian general election</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party_campaign_for_the_2024_Indian_general_election" title="Bharatiya Janata Party campaign for the 2024 Indian general election">Bharatiya Janata Party campaign for the 2024 Indian general election</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shri_Baboolal_Mewra_with_PM_Narendra_Modi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Shri_Baboolal_Mewra_with_PM_Narendra_Modi.jpg/220px-Shri_Baboolal_Mewra_with_PM_Narendra_Modi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Shri_Baboolal_Mewra_with_PM_Narendra_Modi.jpg/330px-Shri_Baboolal_Mewra_with_PM_Narendra_Modi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Shri_Baboolal_Mewra_with_PM_Narendra_Modi.jpg/440px-Shri_Baboolal_Mewra_with_PM_Narendra_Modi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="737" /></a><figcaption>Modi in an election campaign rally in <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a> for the <a href="/wiki/2024_Indian_general_election" title="2024 Indian general election">2024 general election</a></figcaption></figure> In November 2023, Modi was named the BJP candidate for prime minister in the <a href="/wiki/2024_Indian_general_election" title="2024 Indian general election">2024 general election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-250">[239]</a> The BJP's chief campaigner was its home minister <a href="/wiki/Amit_Shah" title="Amit Shah">Amit Shah</a> and President <a href="/wiki/J._P._Nadda" title="J. P. Nadda">J. P. Nadda</a>.<a href="#cite_note-251">[240]</a> Modi launched the party's "Modi Ki Guarantee" ("Modi's assurance")<a href="#cite_note-252">[241]</a> campaign ahead of the general election, against the INC's guarantees campaigns, that led to the party's enormous victories in the assembly elections of <a href="/wiki/2023_Karnataka_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election">Karnataka</a> and <a href="/wiki/2023_Telangana_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election">Telangana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-253">[242]</a> Modi contested the Lok Sabha election as a candidate for <a href="/wiki/Varanasi_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)">Varanasi</a> for the third consecutive time; he won the seat by a margin of 152,513 votes, defeating <a href="/wiki/Ajay_Rai" title="Ajay Rai">Ajay Rai</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> (INC), who contested as a candidate for the SP-INC alliance. His victory margin was the second lowest ever (in percentage points) for a sitting Prime Minister in India.<a href="#cite_note-254">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[244]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">National Democratic Alliance</a> secured a total of 292 seats, 20 seats ahead of simple majority, and the BJP solely winning 240 seats.<a href="#cite_note-256">[245]</a> Modi thanked the voters for reposing faith in his government for the 3rd consecutive time.<a href="#cite_note-257">[246]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prime_Minister_of_India_(2014–present)">Prime Minister of India (2014–present)</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Narendra_Modi" title="Premiership of Narendra Modi">Premiership of Narendra Modi</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_premiership_of_Narendra_Modi" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the premiership of Narendra Modi">Timeline of the premiership of Narendra Modi</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shri_Narendra_Modi_sworn_in_as_Prime_Minister.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Shri_Narendra_Modi_sworn_in_as_Prime_Minister.jpg/220px-Shri_Narendra_Modi_sworn_in_as_Prime_Minister.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Shri_Narendra_Modi_sworn_in_as_Prime_Minister.jpg/330px-Shri_Narendra_Modi_sworn_in_as_Prime_Minister.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Shri_Narendra_Modi_sworn_in_as_Prime_Minister.jpg/440px-Shri_Narendra_Modi_sworn_in_as_Prime_Minister.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1352" /></a><figcaption>Modi taking the oath of office as the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a>, with <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a> administering the oath</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_President,_Shri_Ram_Nath_Kovind_administering_the_oath_of_office_of_the_Prime_Minister_to_Shri_Narendra_Modi,_at_a_Swearing-in_Ceremony,_at_Rashtrapati_Bhavan,_in_New_Delhi_on_May_30,_2019_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/The_President%2C_Shri_Ram_Nath_Kovind_administering_the_oath_of_office_of_the_Prime_Minister_to_Shri_Narendra_Modi%2C_at_a_Swearing-in_Ceremony%2C_at_Rashtrapati_Bhavan%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_May_30%2C_2019_%283%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/The_President%2C_Shri_Ram_Nath_Kovind_administering_the_oath_of_office_of_the_Prime_Minister_to_Shri_Narendra_Modi%2C_at_a_Swearing-in_Ceremony%2C_at_Rashtrapati_Bhavan%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_May_30%2C_2019_%283%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/The_President%2C_Shri_Ram_Nath_Kovind_administering_the_oath_of_office_of_the_Prime_Minister_to_Shri_Narendra_Modi%2C_at_a_Swearing-in_Ceremony%2C_at_Rashtrapati_Bhavan%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_May_30%2C_2019_%283%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1251" /></a><figcaption>Modi taking the oath of office as the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Second_oath_of_office_ceremony_of_Narendra_Modi" title="Second oath of office ceremony of Narendra Modi">second time</a>, with President <a href="/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind">Ram Nath Kovind</a> administering the oath</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_President,_Smt._Droupadi_Murmu_administers_the_Oath_of_Office_and_Secrecy_to_the_Prime_Minister_of_India,_Shri_Narendra_Modi_during_the_swearing-in_ceremony,_at_Rashtrapati_Bhavan,_in_New_Delhi_on_June_09,_2024_(5).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/The_President%2C_Smt._Droupadi_Murmu_administers_the_Oath_of_Office_and_Secrecy_to_the_Prime_Minister_of_India%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_during_the_swearing-in_ceremony%2C_at_Rashtrapati_Bhavan%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_June_09%2C_2024_%285%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/The_President%2C_Smt._Droupadi_Murmu_administers_the_Oath_of_Office_and_Secrecy_to_the_Prime_Minister_of_India%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_during_the_swearing-in_ceremony%2C_at_Rashtrapati_Bhavan%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_June_09%2C_2024_%285%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/The_President%2C_Smt._Droupadi_Murmu_administers_the_Oath_of_Office_and_Secrecy_to_the_Prime_Minister_of_India%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_during_the_swearing-in_ceremony%2C_at_Rashtrapati_Bhavan%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_June_09%2C_2024_%285%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1594" /></a><figcaption>Modi taking the oath of office as the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Third_oath_of_office_ceremony_of_Narendra_Modi" title="Third oath of office ceremony of Narendra Modi">third time</a>, with President <a href="/wiki/Droupadi_Murmu" title="Droupadi Murmu">Droupadi Murmu</a> administering the oath</figcaption></figure> After the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a>-led <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">National Democratic Alliance</a> (NDA) won a landslide in the <a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election" title="2014 Indian general election">2014 Lok Sabha election</a>, Modi was <a href="/wiki/First_oath_of_office_ceremony_of_Narendra_Modi" title="First oath of office ceremony of Narendra Modi">sworn in as Prime Minister of India</a> on 26 May 2014, becoming the first Indian PM to be born after <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(India)" title="Independence Day (India)">the country's independence</a> from the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> in 1947.<a href="#cite_note-258">[247]</a> Modi's second term as PM began in 2019 following the NDA's <a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election" title="2019 Indian general election">2019 Lok Sabha election win</a>. On 6 December 2020, he became the fourth-longest-serving Prime Minister of India and the longest-serving non-<a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Congress</a> prime minister.<a href="#cite_note-259">[248]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governance_and_other_initiatives">Governance and other initiatives</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi_addressing_the_Nation_on_the_occasion_of_74th_Independence_Day_from_the_ramparts_of_Red_Fort,_in_Delhi_on_August_15,_2020_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_addressing_the_Nation_on_the_occasion_of_74th_Independence_Day_from_the_ramparts_of_Red_Fort%2C_in_Delhi_on_August_15%2C_2020_%282%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_addressing_the_Nation_on_the_occasion_of_74th_Independence_Day_from_the_ramparts_of_Red_Fort%2C_in_Delhi_on_August_15%2C_2020_%282%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_addressing_the_Nation_on_the_occasion_of_74th_Independence_Day_from_the_ramparts_of_Red_Fort%2C_in_Delhi_on_August_15%2C_2020_%282%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1803" /></a><figcaption>Modi addressing the Nation on the occasion of 74th Independence Day from the ramparts of <a href="/wiki/Red_Fort" title="Red Fort">Red Fort</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> on 15 August 2020.</figcaption></figure> Modi's first year as PM saw significant centralisation of power.<a href="#cite_note-Manor-173">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[249]</a> Modi, who initially lacked a majority in the <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a>, the upper house of Indian Parliament, passed a number of ordinances to enact his policies, leading to further centralisation of power.<a href="#cite_note-Sen-261">[250]</a> His administration enacted a bill to increase its control over the appointment of judges and reducing that of the <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_India" title="Judiciary of India">judiciary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Stepan-47">[40]</a> In December 2014, he abolished the <a href="/wiki/Planning_Commission_(India)" title="Planning Commission (India)">Planning Commission</a>, replacing it with the <a href="/wiki/NITI_Aayog" title="NITI Aayog">National Institution for Transforming India</a> (NITI Aayog),<a href="#cite_note-262">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sengupta_2016-01-12-263">[252]</a> concentrating the power previously with the planning commission in the person of the PM.<a href="#cite_note-Sen-261">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ruparelia-264">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-265">[254]</a> The Planning Commission had in previous years been criticised for creating inefficiency in the government and of not fulfilling its role of improving social welfare but since the <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalisation_in_India" title="Economic liberalisation in India">economic liberalisation of the 1990s</a>, it had been the major government body responsible for measures related to social justice.<a href="#cite_note-Sengupta_2016-01-12-263">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[255]</a> In its first year of administration, the Modi government launched investigations through the <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_(India)" title="Intelligence Bureau (India)">Intelligence Bureau</a> into numerous civil society organisations and foreign non-governmental organisations (NGOs) on the grounds these organisations were slowing economic growth. The investigations were criticised as a <a href="/wiki/Witch_hunt" title="Witch hunt">witch hunt</a>. International humanitarian aid organisation <a href="/wiki/Medecins_Sans_Frontieres" class="mw-redirect" title="Medecins Sans Frontieres">Medecins Sans Frontieres</a>, and environmental nonprofit organisation <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Club" title="Sierra Club">Sierra Club</a> and <a href="/wiki/Avaaz" title="Avaaz">Avaaz</a> were among the groups that were investigated.<a href="#cite_note-Manor-173">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ruparelia-264">[253]</a> Cases of sedition and terrorism laws were filed against individuals who criticised the government.<a href="#cite_note-Manor-173">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-267">[256]</a> This led to discontent within the BJP about his style of functioning and drew comparisons to the governing style of Indira Gandhi.<a href="#cite_note-Manor-173">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sen-261">[250]</a> Modi repealed 1,200 obsolete laws in first three years as prime minister; 1,301 such laws had been repealed by previous governments in the previous 64 years.<a href="#cite_note-268">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-269">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-270">[259]</a> Modi launched the <a href="/wiki/Digital_India" title="Digital India">Digital India</a> programme with the goal of ensuring government services are available electronically, build infrastructure to provide high-speed Internet access to rural areas, boost manufacturing of electronic goods in the country, and promote <a href="/wiki/Digital_literacy" title="Digital literacy">digital literacy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-271">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[261]</a> In 2019, a law to reserve 10 per cent of educational admission and government jobs for economically disadvantaged individuals was passed.<a href="#cite_note-273">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-274">[263]</a> In 2016, Modi's administration launched the <a href="/wiki/Ujjwala_scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="Ujjwala scheme">Ujjwala scheme</a> to provide free <a href="/wiki/Liquefied_petroleum_gas" title="Liquefied petroleum gas">liquefied petroleum gas</a> (LPG) connections to rural households. The scheme led to an additional 24% of Indian households having access to LPG in 2019 as compared to 2014.<a href="#cite_note-275">[264]</a> In 2022, the government eliminated LPG subsidies for all citizens except those covered by the Ujjwala program.<a href="#cite_note-276">[265]</a> In 2023, the Modi administration issued a notification constituting a high-level committee on <a href="/wiki/One_Nation,_One_Election" title="One Nation, One Election">One Nation, One Election</a>, a proposal aimed to synchronise all elections in the country either on a single day or within a specific time frame.<a href="#cite_note-277">[266]</a> In September 2024, the bill for One Nation, One Election was approved by the Modi Cabinet.<a href="#cite_note-278">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-279">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-280">[269]</a> Since May 2023, ethnic tensions between some groups have resulted in <a href="/wiki/2023_Manipur_violence" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Manipur violence">violent clashes</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a>. After 1 month of the violence, nearly 100 were killed and more than 36,000 people were displaced.<a href="#cite_note-281">[270]</a> Modi has been criticised for his lack of reaction towards the violence.<a href="#cite_note-282">[271]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hindutva">Hindutva</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prime_Minister_Modi_at_Tirupati_Balaji_Temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Prime_Minister_Modi_at_Tirupati_Balaji_Temple.jpg/220px-Prime_Minister_Modi_at_Tirupati_Balaji_Temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="394" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Prime_Minister_Modi_at_Tirupati_Balaji_Temple.jpg/330px-Prime_Minister_Modi_at_Tirupati_Balaji_Temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Prime_Minister_Modi_at_Tirupati_Balaji_Temple.jpg/440px-Prime_Minister_Modi_at_Tirupati_Balaji_Temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="3938" /></a><figcaption>Modi at <a href="/wiki/Venkateswara_Temple,_Tirumala" title="Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala">Sri Venkateswara Swamy Temple</a>, Tirumala</figcaption></figure> The activities of a number of Hindu nationalist organisations increased in scope after Modi's appointment as prime minister, sometimes with the government's support.<a href="#cite_note-283">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-284">[273]</a> These activities included a <a href="/wiki/Ghar_Wapsi" title="Ghar Wapsi">Hindu religious conversion programme</a>, a campaign against the supposed Islamic practice of "<a href="/wiki/Love_Jihad" class="mw-redirect" title="Love Jihad">Love Jihad</a>" (an <a href="/wiki/Islamophobic" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamophobic">Islamophobic</a><a href="#cite_note-Islamophobia-290">[279]</a> <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">conspiracy theory</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Farokhi-285">[274]</a>: <span title="Page / location: 226–227
Quotation: "This chapter examines the conspiracy theory of "Love Jihad" across traditional and social media discourse in India as a way to show how affective strategies promoting Islamophobia are employed through logics of "digital governmentality" (Badouard et al., 2016). "Love Jihad" is a campaign started by right-wing Hindu nationalists in 2009 (Gökarıksel et al., 2019) alleging that Muslim men feign love to lure non-Muslim women to marry them in order to convert them to Islam (Rao, 2011)."" class="tooltip tooltip-dashed" style="border-bottom: 1px dashed;">226–227 <a href="#cite_note-291">[280]</a>: <span title="Page / location: 1–2
Quotation: "Since at least 2009, a host of activists have used grassroots campaigns and mass-media to spread rumours throughout India of a vast conspiracy by the Muslim community to train young men to seduce, marry, and convert Hindu women. Some politicians and activists draw on these conspiracy theories to drum up support from Hindus in electoral campaigns and to fuel moralising crusades throughout the country aimed at saving women from these imagined threats."" class="tooltip tooltip-dashed" style="border-bottom: 1px dashed;">1–2 <a href="#cite_note-292">[281]</a> and attempts to celebrate <a href="/wiki/Nathuram_Godse" title="Nathuram Godse">Nathuram Godse</a>, the assassin of <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a>, by members of the right-wing organisation <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Mahasabha" title="Hindu Mahasabha">Hindu Mahasabha</a>.<a href="#cite_note-293">[282]</a><a href="#cite_note-294">[283]</a> Government officials, including the Home Minister, defended the conversion programmes.<a href="#cite_note-Palshikar-229">[218]</a> Links between the BJP and the <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a> (RSS) grew stronger under Modi. The RSS provided organisational support to the BJP's electoral campaigns while the Modi administration appointed RSS-affiliated individuals to prominent government positions.<a href="#cite_note-295">[284]</a> In 2014, <a href="/wiki/Yellapragada_Sudershan_Rao" title="Yellapragada Sudershan Rao">Yellapragada Sudershan Rao</a>, who had previously been associated with the RSS, became the chairperson of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Council_of_Historical_Research" title="Indian Council of Historical Research">Indian Council of Historical Research</a> (ICHR).<a href="#cite_note-Ganguly_2014-10-48">[41]</a> Historians and former members of the ICHR, including those sympathetic to the BJP, questioned Rao's credentials as a historian and stated the appointment was part of an agenda of cultural nationalism.<a href="#cite_note-Ganguly_2014-10-48">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-296">[285]</a><a href="#cite_note-297">[286]</a> During its first term, the Modi administration appointed other RSS members to lead universities and research institutions, and recruitment of faculty members favouring the RSS increased. According to scholars <a href="/wiki/Nandini_Sundar" title="Nandini Sundar">Nandini Sundar</a> and Kiran Bhatty, many of these appointees did not possess the qualifications for their positions.<a href="#cite_note-Bhatty-298">[287]</a> The Modi administration also made numerous changes in government-approved history textbooks that de-emphasised the role of <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a> and glorified that of Modi while also portraying Indian society as harmonious, and without conflict and inequity.<a href="#cite_note-Bhatty-298">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-299">[288]</a> In 2019, the Modi administration passed a <a href="/wiki/Citizenship_(Amendment)_Act,_2019" title="Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019">citizenship law</a> that provides a route to Indian citizenship for persecuted religious minorities from Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan who are Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis or Christians,<a href="#cite_note-300">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-301">[290]</a> but does not grant eligibility to Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-302">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-303">[292]</a><a href="#cite_note-Slater-304">[293]</a> This was first time religion had been overtly used as a criterion for citizenship under Indian law; it attracted global criticism and prompted widespread <a href="/wiki/Citizenship_Amendment_Act_protests" title="Citizenship Amendment Act protests">protests</a> that were halted by the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="COVID-19 pandemic in India">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bhatty-298">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-Slater-304">[293]</a><a href="#cite_note-305">[294]</a> Counter-demonstrations against the protests developed into the <a href="/wiki/2020_Delhi_riots" title="2020 Delhi riots">2020 Delhi riots</a>, caused chiefly by Hindu mobs attacking Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-306">[295]</a><a href="#cite_note-307">[296]</a> Fifty-three people were killed in the protests, two-thirds of whom were Muslim.<a href="#cite_note-308">[297]</a><a href="#cite_note-309">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-310">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-311">[300]</a><a href="#cite_note-312">[301]</a> On 5 August 2020, Modi visited <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya" title="Ayodhya">Ayodhya</a> after the <a href="/wiki/2019_Supreme_Court_verdict_on_Ayodhya_dispute" title="2019 Supreme Court verdict on Ayodhya dispute">Supreme Court in 2019</a> ordered <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya_dispute" title="Ayodhya dispute">contested land in Ayodhya</a> to be handed to a trust to build a Hindu temple and ordered the government to give alternative 5 acres (2.0 ha) of land to the <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Waqf_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni Waqf Board">Sunni Waqf Board</a> for the purpose of building a mosque.<a href="#cite_note-313">[302]</a> Modi became the first PM to visit temples at <a href="/wiki/Ram_Janmabhoomi" title="Ram Janmabhoomi">Ram Janmabhoomi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hanuman_Garhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanuman Garhi">Hanuman Garhi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-314">[303]</a> Soon after Modi returned to power in 2019, he took three actions the RSS had long called for.<a href="#cite_note-Bhatty-298">[287]</a> The practice of <a href="/wiki/Triple_talaq_in_India" title="Triple talaq in India">Triple Talaq</a> was made illegal and became a punishable act from 1 August 2019.<a href="#cite_note-315">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-316">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-317">[306]</a> The administration repealed <a href="/wiki/Article_370" class="mw-redirect" title="Article 370">Article 370</a> of the Indian constitution that granted autonomy to <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>, and also <a href="/wiki/The_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Reorganisation_Act,_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019">abrogated its statehood</a>, reorganising it into the <a href="/wiki/Union_territory" title="Union territory">union territories</a> <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bhatty-298">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-318">[307]</a> The region was placed under <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932021_Jammu_and_Kashmir_lockdown" title="2019–2021 Jammu and Kashmir lockdown">a lockdown</a> and internet services were suspended and were not completely restored until February 2021.<a href="#cite_note-319">[308]</a> Thousands of people, including hundreds of political leaders, were detained.<a href="#cite_note-320">[309]</a><a href="#cite_note-321">[310]</a><a href="#cite_note-322">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-323">[312]</a> The Supreme Court of India did not hear constitutional challenges to the reorganisation or the Citizenship Amendment Act. According to Bhatty and Sundar, this is an example of the subversion of the Supreme Court and other major institutions, which were filled with appointees favouring the BJP.<a href="#cite_note-Bhatty-298">[287]</a> During his campaign for <a href="/wiki/2024_Indian_general_election" title="2024 Indian general election">2024 Indian general election</a>, Modi referred to <a href="/wiki/Indian_Muslims" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Muslims">Muslims</a> as infiltrators with many children who would take India's wealth, if his political opponents gained power.<a href="#cite_note-324">[313]</a><a href="#cite_note-325">[314]</a> In a later interview, Modi said that regardless of the social class, there are more children in neighbourhoods plagued by poverty. He said he made no mention of Muslim or Hindu in his campaign speech.<a href="#cite_note-326">[315]</a><a href="#cite_note-327">[316]</a> However, factcheckers have refuted this claim of Modi and found numerous instances across his election campaign where he communally targeted the Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-328">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-329">[318]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economy">Economy</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Informal_meeting_of_the_BRICS_during_the_2019_G20_Osaka_summit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Informal_meeting_of_the_BRICS_during_the_2019_G20_Osaka_summit.jpg/220px-Informal_meeting_of_the_BRICS_during_the_2019_G20_Osaka_summit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Informal_meeting_of_the_BRICS_during_the_2019_G20_Osaka_summit.jpg/330px-Informal_meeting_of_the_BRICS_during_the_2019_G20_Osaka_summit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Informal_meeting_of_the_BRICS_during_the_2019_G20_Osaka_summit.jpg/440px-Informal_meeting_of_the_BRICS_during_the_2019_G20_Osaka_summit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3506" data-file-height="2337" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a> leaders in 2019. Left to right: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi</a> (China), <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Putin</a> (Russia), <a href="/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Bolsonaro</a> (Brazil), Modi and <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Ramaphosa</a> (South Africa) </figcaption></figure> The Modi government's economic policies focused on privatisation and liberalisation of the economy, and were based on a <a href="/wiki/Neoliberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoliberal">neoliberal</a> framework.<a href="#cite_note-Ruparelia-264">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shah_2015-10-10-330">[319]</a> Modi liberalised India's <a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment" title="Foreign direct investment">foreign direct investment</a> policies, allowing more foreign investment in several industries, including defence and railways.<a href="#cite_note-Ruparelia-264">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-331">[320]</a><a href="#cite_note-332">[321]</a> Other proposed reforms included making the forming of unions more difficult for workers, and making recruitment and dismissal easier for employers;<a href="#cite_note-Shah_2015-10-10-330">[319]</a> some of these proposals were abandoned after protests.<a href="#cite_note-333">[322]</a> The reforms drew strong opposition from unions: on 2 September 2015, eleven of the country's largest unions—including one affiliated with the BJP—struck.<a href="#cite_note-Shah_2015-10-10-330">[319]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Mazdoor_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh">Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh</a> (Indian Workers Union), a constituent of the <a href="/wiki/Sangh_Parivar" title="Sangh Parivar">Sangh Parivar</a> (Family of the RSS), stated the underlying motivation of labour reforms favoured corporations over labourers.<a href="#cite_note-Ruparelia-264">[253]</a> The funds dedicated to poverty-reduction programmes and social welfare measures were greatly reduced by Modi's administration.<a href="#cite_note-Manor-173">[162]</a> The money spent on social programmes declined from 14.6 per cent of GDP during the previous Congress government to 12.6 per cent during Modi's first year in office, and spending on health and family welfare declined by 15 per cent.<a href="#cite_note-Ruparelia-264">[253]</a> The government lowered corporate taxes, abolished the <a href="/wiki/Wealth_Tax_Act,_1957" title="Wealth Tax Act, 1957">wealth tax</a>, increased sales taxes, and reduced customs duties on gold and jewellery.<a href="#cite_note-Ruparelia-264">[253]</a> In October 2014, the Modi government deregulated diesel prices.<a href="#cite_note-334">[323]</a> During Modi's first term, his government reduced spending on education as share of the budget: over five years, education spending dropped from 0.7 per cent of GDP to 0.5 per cent.<a href="#cite_note-335">[324]</a><a href="#cite_note-336">[325]</a><a href="#cite_note-337">[326]</a> The percentage of the budget spent on children's nutrition, education, health, and associated programmes was almost halved between 2014 and 2022.<a href="#cite_note-338">[327]</a> Capital expenditure on transport infrastructure significantly rose, increasing from less than 0.4 per cent of GDP in 2014 to 1.7 per cent in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-339">[328]</a> In September 2014, Modi introduced the <a href="/wiki/Make_in_India" title="Make in India">Make in India</a> initiative to encourage foreign companies to manufacture products in India with the goal of turning the country into a global manufacturing hub.<a href="#cite_note-Ruparelia-264">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-340">[329]</a> Supporters of economic liberalisation supported the initiative but critics said it would allow foreign corporations to capture a greater share of the Indian market.<a href="#cite_note-Ruparelia-264">[253]</a> Modi's administration passed a land-reform bill that allowed it to acquire private agricultural land without conducting a social impact assessment, and without the consent of the farmers who owned it.<a href="#cite_note-341">[330]</a> The bill was passed via an executive order after it faced opposition in Parliament but was eventually allowed to lapse.<a href="#cite_note-Sen-261">[250]</a> Modi's government passed the <a href="/wiki/Goods_and_Services_Tax_(India)" title="Goods and Services Tax (India)">Goods and Services Tax</a>, the biggest tax reform in the country since independence, subsuming around 17 taxes and became effective on 1 July 2017.<a href="#cite_note-342">[331]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Narendra_Modi_launches_Make_in_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Narendra_Modi_launches_Make_in_India.jpg/220px-Narendra_Modi_launches_Make_in_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Narendra_Modi_launches_Make_in_India.jpg/330px-Narendra_Modi_launches_Make_in_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Narendra_Modi_launches_Make_in_India.jpg/440px-Narendra_Modi_launches_Make_in_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="984" /></a><figcaption>Modi at the launch of the <a href="/wiki/Make_in_India" title="Make in India">Make in India</a> program</figcaption></figure> In his first cabinet decision, Modi set up a team to investigate <a href="/wiki/Black_money" class="mw-redirect" title="Black money">black money</a>.<a href="#cite_note-343">[332]</a> On 9 November 2016, the government <a href="/wiki/2016_Indian_banknote_demonetisation" title="2016 Indian banknote demonetisation">demonetised ₹500 and ₹1000 banknotes</a> with the intention of curbing corruption, black money, terrorism and the use of counterfeit currency.<a href="#cite_note-344">[333]</a> The move led to severe cash shortages,<a href="#cite_note-345">[334]</a><a href="#cite_note-346">[335]</a><a href="#cite_note-347">[336]</a> and a steep decline in the Indian stock indices <a href="/wiki/BSE_SENSEX" title="BSE SENSEX">BSE SENSEX</a> and <a href="/wiki/NIFTY_50" title="NIFTY 50">NIFTY 50</a>,<a href="#cite_note-348">[337]</a> and sparked widespread protests throughout the country.<a href="#cite_note-349">[338]</a> It is estimated 1.5 million jobs were lost and that one per cent of the country's GDP was wiped out.<a href="#cite_note-350">[339]</a> Several deaths were linked to the rush to exchange cash.<a href="#cite_note-351">[340]</a><a href="#cite_note-352">[341]</a> In the subsequent year, the number of income tax returns filed for individuals rose by 25 per cent and the number of digital transactions steeply increased.<a href="#cite_note-353">[342]</a><a href="#cite_note-354">[343]</a> Modi's administration has observed a decline in GDP growth and increasing joblessness compared to the previous administration under <a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-355">[344]</a> During the first eight years of Modi's premiership, India's GDP grew at an average rate of 5.5% per cent compared to the rate of 7.03 per cent under the previous government.<a href="#cite_note-356">[345]</a> Income inequality increased.<a href="#cite_note-357">[346]</a> An internal government report said in 2017, unemployment increased to its highest level in 45 years. The loss of jobs was attributed to the 2016 banknote demonetisation, and the effects of the <a href="/wiki/Goods_and_Services_Tax_(India)" title="Goods and Services Tax (India)">Goods and Services Tax</a>.<a href="#cite_note-358">[347]</a><a href="#cite_note-359">[348]</a> GDP growth was 6.12 per cent in the 2018–19 <a href="/wiki/Financial_year" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial year">financial year</a>, with an inflation rate of 3.4 per cent.<a href="#cite_note-360">[349]</a> In the year 2019–20, the <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a> growth rate slowed to 4.18 per cent, while inflation increased to 4.7 per cent.<a href="#cite_note-361">[350]</a> The Indian economy shrunk by 6.6 per cent during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020–21, and was estimated to grow at 8.2 per cent the following financial year.<a href="#cite_note-362">[351]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_and_sanitation">Health and sanitation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Swachh_Bharat_Mission" title="Swachh Bharat Mission">Swachh Bharat Mission</a></div> In his first year as prime minister, Modi reduced the central government's healthcare spending.<a href="#cite_note-Economist_2015-06-27-206">[195]</a> In January 2015, the Modi government launched its New Health Policy (NHP), which did not increase the government's spending on healthcare but emphasised the role of private healthcare organisations. This represented a shift away from the policy of the previous Congress government, which had supported programmes to assist public health goals, including a reduction in child and maternal mortality rates.<a href="#cite_note-Sharma-363">[352]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Mission" title="National Health Mission">National Health Mission</a>, which included public health programmes targeted at these indices, received nearly 20 per cent less funding<a href="#cite_note-364">[353]</a><a href="#cite_note-365">[354]</a> in 2015 than in the previous year. The Modi administration reduced the healthcare budget by a further 15% in its second year.<a href="#cite_note-366">[355]</a> The healthcare budget for the following year rose by 19%; private insurance providers positively viewed the budget but public health experts criticised its emphasis on the role of private healthcare providers and said it represented a shift away from public health facilities.<a href="#cite_note-367">[356]</a> The healthcare budget rose by 11.5% in 2018; the change included an allocation of ₹20 billion (US$230 million) for a <a href="/wiki/Ayushman_Bharat_Yojana" title="Ayushman Bharat Yojana">government-funded health insurance program</a> and a decrease in the budget of the <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Mission" title="National Health Mission">National Health Mission</a>.<a href="#cite_note-368">[357]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi_interacting_with_the_Chief_Ministers_via_video_conferencing_to_discuss_the_situation_emerging_post_Unlock_1.0_and_plan_ahead_for_tackling_the_COVID-19_pandemic,_in_New_Delhi_on_June_16,_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_interacting_with_the_Chief_Ministers_via_video_conferencing_to_discuss_the_situation_emerging_post_Unlock_1.0_and_plan_ahead_for_tackling_the_COVID-19_pandemic%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_June_16%2C_2020.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_interacting_with_the_Chief_Ministers_via_video_conferencing_to_discuss_the_situation_emerging_post_Unlock_1.0_and_plan_ahead_for_tackling_the_COVID-19_pandemic%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_June_16%2C_2020.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_interacting_with_the_Chief_Ministers_via_video_conferencing_to_discuss_the_situation_emerging_post_Unlock_1.0_and_plan_ahead_for_tackling_the_COVID-19_pandemic%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_June_16%2C_2020.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1443" /></a><figcaption>Modi discussing the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="COVID-19 pandemic in India">COVID-19 pandemic</a> with Chief Ministers via videoconferencing in June 2020</figcaption></figure> Modi emphasised his government's efforts at sanitation as a means of ensuring good health.<a href="#cite_note-Sharma-363">[352]</a> On 2 October 2014, Modi launched the <a href="/wiki/Swachh_Bharat_Mission" title="Swachh Bharat Mission">Swachh Bharat Mission</a> ("Clean India") campaign. The campaign's stated goals included the elimination of <a href="/wiki/Open_defecation" title="Open defecation">open defecation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manual_scavenging" title="Manual scavenging">manual scavenging</a> within five years.<a href="#cite_note-369">[358]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jeffrey-370">[359]</a> As part of the programme, the Indian government began constructing millions of toilets in rural areas and encouraging people to use them.<a href="#cite_note-Lakshmi-371">[360]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gahlot-372">[361]</a><a href="#cite_note-373">[362]</a> The government also announced plans to build new sewage treatment plants,<a href="#cite_note-374">[363]</a> and planned to construct 60 million toilets by 2019. The construction projects faced allegations of corruption and severe difficulty in getting people to use the newly constructed toilets.<a href="#cite_note-Jeffrey-370">[359]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lakshmi-371">[360]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gahlot-372">[361]</a> Sanitation cover in India increased from 38.7% in October 2014 to 84.1% in May 2018 but use of the new sanitary facilities was lower than the government's targets.<a href="#cite_note-375">[364]</a> In 2018, the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) stated at least 180,000 diarrhoeal deaths in rural India were averted after the launch of the sanitation effort.<a href="#cite_note-376">[365]</a> In March 2020, in response to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="COVID-19 pandemic in India">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, the Modi administration invoked the <a href="/wiki/Epidemic_Diseases_Act,_1897" title="Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897">Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897</a> and <a href="/wiki/Disaster_Management_Act,_2005" title="Disaster Management Act, 2005">Disaster Management Act, 2005</a>.<a href="#cite_note-377">[366]</a><a href="#cite_note-378">[367]</a> The same month, all commercial domestic and international flights were suspended.<a href="#cite_note-Sanyal-379">[368]</a> Modi announced a 14-hour curfew on 22 March,<a href="#cite_note-380">[369]</a> and followed with a three-week "total lockdown" two days later.<a href="#cite_note-381">[370]</a><a href="#cite_note-382">[371]</a> Restrictions were gradually lifted beginning in April, and were completely revoked in November 2020.<a href="#cite_note-Sanyal-379">[368]</a><a href="#cite_note-383">[372]</a><a href="#cite_note-384">[373]</a> A second wave of the pandemic that began in March 2021 was significantly more devastating than the first; some parts of India experienced shortages of vaccines, hospital beds, <a href="/wiki/Gas_cylinder" title="Gas cylinder">oxygen cylinders</a> and other medical supplies.<a href="#cite_note-385">[374]</a> In late April India reported over 400,000 cases in a 24-hour period, the first country to do so.<a href="#cite_note-386">[375]</a> India began its <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_India" title="COVID-19 vaccination in India">vaccination programme</a> in January 2021;<a href="#cite_note-387">[376]</a><a href="#cite_note-388">[377]</a> in January 2022, India announced it had administered about 1.7 billion doses of vaccines and that more than 720 million people were fully vaccinated.<a href="#cite_note-389">[378]</a> In May 2022, the WHO estimated 4.7 million people had died of COVID-19 in India, mostly during the second wave in mid 2021—almost 10 times the Indian government's estimate. The Modi administration rejected the WHO's estimate.<a href="#cite_note-Grimley-31">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-Biswas-32">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Narendra_Modi_government" title="Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government">Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Narendra_Modi" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Narendra Modi">Modi's international trips as prime minister</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TrumpModi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/TrumpModi.jpg/220px-TrumpModi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/TrumpModi.jpg/330px-TrumpModi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/TrumpModi.jpg/440px-TrumpModi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="654" /></a><figcaption>Modi with U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> at <a href="/wiki/Namaste_Trump" title="Namaste Trump">Namaste Trump</a> rally in <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad">Ahmedabad</a>, India</figcaption></figure> Foreign policy played a small role in Modi's election campaign and did not feature prominently in the BJP's election manifesto.<a href="#cite_note-Hall-390">[379]</a> Modi's foreign policy, similarly to that of the preceding Congress government, focused on improving economic ties, security and regional relations.<a href="#cite_note-Hall-390">[379]</a> Modi continued Manmohan Singh's policy of "multi-alignment".<a href="#cite_note-Hall-390">[379]</a> The Modi administration tried to attract foreign investment in the Indian economy from several sources, especially East Asia, with the use of slogans such as "<a href="/wiki/Make_in_India" title="Make in India">Make in India</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Digital_India" title="Digital India">Digital India</a>". The government also tried to improve relations with <a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_foreign_policy_of_the_Narendra_Modi_government" title="Middle Eastern foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government">Islamic nations in the Middle East</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Bahrain–India relations">Bahrain</a>, <a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Iran_relations" title="India–Iran relations">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="India–Saudi Arabia relations">Saudi Arabia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_India_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="United Arab Emirates India relations">United Arab Emirates</a>, as well as with <a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="India–Israel relations">Israel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-392">[l]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Vice_President,_Shri_M._Venkaiah_Naidu_and_the_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_the_State_Counsellor_of_Myanmar,_Aung_San_Suu_Kyi,_at_the_Ceremonial_Reception,_at_Rashtrapati_Bhavan,_in_New_Delhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/The_Vice_President%2C_Shri_M._Venkaiah_Naidu_and_the_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_the_State_Counsellor_of_Myanmar%2C_Aung_San_Suu_Kyi%2C_at_the_Ceremonial_Reception%2C_at_Rashtrapati_Bhavan%2C_in_New_Delhi.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/The_Vice_President%2C_Shri_M._Venkaiah_Naidu_and_the_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_the_State_Counsellor_of_Myanmar%2C_Aung_San_Suu_Kyi%2C_at_the_Ceremonial_Reception%2C_at_Rashtrapati_Bhavan%2C_in_New_Delhi.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/The_Vice_President%2C_Shri_M._Venkaiah_Naidu_and_the_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_the_State_Counsellor_of_Myanmar%2C_Aung_San_Suu_Kyi%2C_at_the_Ceremonial_Reception%2C_at_Rashtrapati_Bhavan%2C_in_New_Delhi.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1580" data-file-height="998" /></a><figcaption>Modi meeting <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>'s leader <a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a> in New Delhi in January 2018 </figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/India-USA_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="India-USA relations">India's relationship with the United States</a> improved after Narendra Modi became PM.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall2020283–285Gupta20193–9Madan202065-393">[381]</a> During the run-up to the general election, there was wide-ranging scepticism about future of the strategic bilateral relationship under Modi's premiership; in 2005, while <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Gujarat" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister of Gujarat">Chief Minister of Gujarat</a>, Modi was denied a US visa during the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">presidency of George W. Bush</a> for his poor human-rights record.<a href="#cite_note-Mann-176">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-Times_of_India_2005-03-18-177">[166]</a> Sensing Modi's victory well before the election, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_India" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to India">US Ambassador</a> to India <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Powell" class="mw-redirect" title="Nancy Powell">Nancy Powell</a> contacted Modi as part of greater <a href="/wiki/Rapprochement" title="Rapprochement">rapprochement</a> from the West. Following Modi's 2014 appointment as India's PM, <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">President Obama</a> congratulated him over the telephone and invited Modi to visit the US.<a href="#cite_note-394">[382]</a> The Modi government enjoyed a positive relationship with the US during the presidencies of Barack Obama and his successor <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>.<a href="#cite_note-395">[383]</a><a href="#cite_note-396">[384]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Of_The_Russian_Federation_Mr._Vladimir_Putin_%26_Prime_Minister_Of_Bharat_Shri_Narendra_Damodardas_Modi_At_The_Grand_Kremlin_Palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/President_Of_The_Russian_Federation_Mr._Vladimir_Putin_%26_Prime_Minister_Of_Bharat_Shri_Narendra_Damodardas_Modi_At_The_Grand_Kremlin_Palace.jpg/220px-President_Of_The_Russian_Federation_Mr._Vladimir_Putin_%26_Prime_Minister_Of_Bharat_Shri_Narendra_Damodardas_Modi_At_The_Grand_Kremlin_Palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/President_Of_The_Russian_Federation_Mr._Vladimir_Putin_%26_Prime_Minister_Of_Bharat_Shri_Narendra_Damodardas_Modi_At_The_Grand_Kremlin_Palace.jpg/330px-President_Of_The_Russian_Federation_Mr._Vladimir_Putin_%26_Prime_Minister_Of_Bharat_Shri_Narendra_Damodardas_Modi_At_The_Grand_Kremlin_Palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/President_Of_The_Russian_Federation_Mr._Vladimir_Putin_%26_Prime_Minister_Of_Bharat_Shri_Narendra_Damodardas_Modi_At_The_Grand_Kremlin_Palace.jpg/440px-President_Of_The_Russian_Federation_Mr._Vladimir_Putin_%26_Prime_Minister_Of_Bharat_Shri_Narendra_Damodardas_Modi_At_The_Grand_Kremlin_Palace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1804" /></a><figcaption>Modi and Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> in Moscow, Russia, 9 July 2024</figcaption></figure> During the first few months after his appointment as PM, Modi visited a number of countries in support of his policy, and attended the <a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a>, <a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a> and <a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a> summits.<a href="#cite_note-Hall-390">[379]</a> One of Modi's first visits as PM was to Nepal, during which he promised one billion US dollars in aid.<a href="#cite_note-397">[385]</a> Modi also made several visits to the US;<a href="#cite_note-Pant-398">[386]</a> this was described as an unexpected development because of the US's earlier denial of a US travel visa to Modi over his role in the 2002 Gujarat riots. The visits were expected to strengthen diplomatic and trade relations between the two countries.<a href="#cite_note-Pant-398">[386]</a> In 2015, the Indian parliament ratified a land-exchange deal with Bangladesh in the <a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Bangladesh_enclaves" title="India–Bangladesh enclaves">India–Bangladesh enclaves</a>, which the government of Manmohan Singh had initiated.<a href="#cite_note-Sen-261">[250]</a> Modi's administration brought renewed attention to India's "Look East Policy", which was instituted in 1991. The policy, which was renamed the "Act East Policy", involved directing Indian foreign policy towards East Asia and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Downie-399">[387]</a> The government signed agreements to improve land connectivity with <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> through the Indian state of <a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a>; this represented a break with India's historic engagement with Myanmar, which prioritised border security over trade.<a href="#cite_note-Downie-399">[387]</a> <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93India_relations" title="China–India relations">China–India relations</a> rapidly deteriorated following the <a href="/wiki/2020_China%E2%80%93India_skirmishes" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 China–India skirmishes">2020 China–India skirmishes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-400">[388]</a> Modi pledged aid of $900 million to Afghanistan, which he visited twice and was honoured with Afghanistan's highest civilian honour in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-401">[389]</a><a href="#cite_note-402">[390]</a> In September 2022, Modi appeared to have developed a strong personal relationship with Russia's President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-403">[391]</a><a href="#cite_note-404">[392]</a><a href="#cite_note-405">[393]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="G20_Presidency">G20 Presidency</h4></div> India hosted the <a href="/wiki/2023_G20_New_Delhi_summit" title="2023 G20 New Delhi summit">2023 G20 New Delhi summit</a>, during which the <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a> joined the G20 as a permanent member.<a href="#cite_note-406">[394]</a> In an interview on 26 August 2023, Prime Minister Modi expressed optimism about the G20 countries' evolving agenda under India's presidency, shifting toward a human-centric development approach that aligns with the concerns of the <a href="/wiki/Global_South" class="mw-redirect" title="Global South">Global South</a>, including addressing <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="/wiki/Debt_restructuring" title="Debt restructuring">debt restructuring</a> through the G20's Common Framework for Debt, and a strategy for regulation of global <a href="/wiki/Cryptocurrencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptocurrencies">cryptocurrencies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-407">[395]</a><a href="#cite_note-408">[396]</a><a href="#cite_note-409">[397]</a> Modi's government faced scrutiny in the lead-up to the G20 meeting as multiple news sources reported that Indian authorities demolished <a href="/wiki/Slum" title="Slum">slum</a> neighbourhoods in <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, displacing marginalised residents.<a href="#cite_note-410">[398]</a><a href="#cite_note-411">[399]</a><a href="#cite_note-412">[400]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defence">Defence</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi_and_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel,_Mr._Benjamin_Netanyahu_visiting_the_Technology_Exhibition,_at_Tel_Aviv,_Israel_on_July_06,_2017_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_and_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel%2C_Mr._Benjamin_Netanyahu_visiting_the_Technology_Exhibition%2C_at_Tel_Aviv%2C_Israel_on_July_06%2C_2017_%282%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_and_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel%2C_Mr._Benjamin_Netanyahu_visiting_the_Technology_Exhibition%2C_at_Tel_Aviv%2C_Israel_on_July_06%2C_2017_%282%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_and_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel%2C_Mr._Benjamin_Netanyahu_visiting_the_Technology_Exhibition%2C_at_Tel_Aviv%2C_Israel_on_July_06%2C_2017_%282%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1560" data-file-height="1044" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Prime Minister of Israel</a>, and Modi visiting the Technology Exhibition, at <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>, Israel in 2017</figcaption></figure> India's nominal military spending steadily increased under Modi.<a href="#cite_note-413">[401]</a> During Modi's tenure, the military budget declined, both as a fraction of GDP and when adjusted for inflation.<a href="#cite_note-Rajagopalan-414">[402]</a><a href="#cite_note-Economist_2018-03-28-415">[403]</a> A substantial portion of the military budget was devoted to personnel costs commentators wrote the budget was constraining Indian military modernisation.<a href="#cite_note-Rajagopalan-414">[402]</a><a href="#cite_note-416">[404]</a><a href="#cite_note-Economist_2018-03-28-415">[403]</a> Under Modi, India launched military modernisation initiative aimed at strengthening defence preparedness and streamlining defence acquisition.<a href="#cite_note-417">[405]</a> Modi launched new policies under the "<a href="/wiki/Atmanirbhar_Bharat" title="Atmanirbhar Bharat">Aatmanirbhar Bharat</a>" campaign, promoting indigenous defence manufacturing with policies to procure key weapon systems domestically. The government has implemented several of the recommendations from the Shekatkar Committee to streamline defence procurement and rationalise spending. Efforts have been made to establish Integrated Theatre Commands (ITCs) to enhance jointness among the services, although challenges persist in their full operationalisation.<a href="#cite_note-orf2023-418">[406]</a> Modi promised to be "tough on Pakistan" during his election campaign and repeatedly called Pakistan an <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism">exporter of terrorism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-419">[407]</a><a href="#cite_note-420">[408]</a><a href="#cite_note-421">[409]</a> On 29 September 2016, the Modi administration said Indian Army had conducted a <a href="/wiki/2016_Indian_Line_of_Control_strike" title="2016 Indian Line of Control strike">surgical strike</a> on terror <a href="/wiki/Launch_pad" title="Launch pad">launch pads</a> in <a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir">Azad Kashmir</a>; the Indian media said up to 50 terrorists and Pakistani soldiers had been killed in the strike.<a href="#cite_note-422">[410]</a><a href="#cite_note-423">[411]</a><a href="#cite_note-424">[412]</a> Independent analysts said India's statement about the scope of the strike and the number of casualties had been exaggerated.<a href="#cite_note-425">[413]</a><a href="#cite_note-426">[414]</a><a href="#cite_note-427">[415]</a><a href="#cite_note-428">[416]</a> Pakistan denied any surgical strikes to have taken place.<a href="#cite_note-429">[417]</a> In February 2019, India carried out <a href="/wiki/2019_Balakot_airstrike" title="2019 Balakot airstrike">airstrikes</a> against a supposed terrorist camp in Pakistan; open source satellite imagery suggested no targets of significance were hit.<a href="#cite_note-430">[418]</a><a href="#cite_note-431">[419]</a> <a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes_(2019)" class="mw-redirect" title="India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2019)">Further military skirmishes</a>, including cross-border shelling and the loss of an Indian aircraft, occurred.<a href="#cite_note-432">[420]</a><a href="#cite_note-433">[421]</a><a href="#cite_note-434">[422]</a> Eight months after the incident, the Modi administration admitted that six Indian military personnel had been killed by <a href="/wiki/Friendly_fire" title="Friendly fire">friendly fire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-435">[423]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P20210924AS-1147-2_(51707173079).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/P20210924AS-1147-2_%2851707173079%29.jpg/220px-P20210924AS-1147-2_%2851707173079%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/P20210924AS-1147-2_%2851707173079%29.jpg/330px-P20210924AS-1147-2_%2851707173079%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/P20210924AS-1147-2_%2851707173079%29.jpg/440px-P20210924AS-1147-2_%2851707173079%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1843" /></a><figcaption>PM Modi along with <a href="/wiki/Quadrilateral_Security_Dialogue" title="Quadrilateral Security Dialogue">Quad</a> leaders in Washington</figcaption></figure> In May 2020, Chinese and Indian troops engaged in aggressive skirmishes along the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-Indian border">Sino-Indian border</a>, including near the disputed <a href="/wiki/Pangong_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Pangong Lake">Pangong Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet Autonomous Region</a> and near the border between <a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet Autonomous Region</a>. Additional clashes took place in eastern Ladakh along the <a href="/wiki/Line_of_Actual_Control" title="Line of Actual Control">Line of Actual Control</a> (LAC).<a href="#cite_note-436">[424]</a> In 2020, <a href="/wiki/2020_India-China_skirmishes" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 India-China skirmishes">skirmishes</a> between the nations led to many border clashes, responses and reactions from both sides.<a href="#cite_note-437">[425]</a> A series of talks between India and China were held, using military and diplomatic means for peace.<a href="#cite_note-438">[426]</a> The first border clash reported in 2021 was on 20 January; this was referred to as a minor border clash in Sikkim.<a href="#cite_note-439">[427]</a> Modi has been criticised for maintaining silence over <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_China%E2%80%93India_skirmishes#India's_territorial_loss" title="2020–2021 China–India skirmishes">ceding</a> about 2,000 sq km land to China since June 2020.<a href="#cite_note-440">[428]</a><a href="#cite_note-441">[429]</a><a href="#cite_note-442">[430]</a> In December 2021, Modi signed an agreement with Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> to extend military technical cooperation.<a href="#cite_note-Siddiqui-443">[431]</a> The Modi government bought the <a href="/wiki/S-400_missile_system" title="S-400 missile system">S-400 missile system</a>, an anti-missile striking system, strengthening the relationship between the two nations.<a href="#cite_note-444">[432]</a> India refused to condemn the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> and stayed neutral.<a href="#cite_note-Siddiqui-443">[431]</a><a href="#cite_note-445">[433]</a> The Indian government's <a href="/wiki/Operation_Ganga" title="Operation Ganga">Operation Ganga</a> initiative sought to return Indians stranded in Ukraine during the war. More than 19,000 Indian nationals were evacuated,<a href="#cite_note-446">[434]</a><a href="#cite_note-447">[435]</a> including some from neighbouring countries.<a href="#cite_note-448">[436]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environment">Environment</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_at_India_Pavilion_in_Paris_during_COP21_(23193999974).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_at_India_Pavilion_in_Paris_during_COP21_%2823193999974%29.jpg/244px-Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_at_India_Pavilion_in_Paris_during_COP21_%2823193999974%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="244" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_at_India_Pavilion_in_Paris_during_COP21_%2823193999974%29.jpg/366px-Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_at_India_Pavilion_in_Paris_during_COP21_%2823193999974%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_at_India_Pavilion_in_Paris_during_COP21_%2823193999974%29.jpg/488px-Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_at_India_Pavilion_in_Paris_during_COP21_%2823193999974%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1412" /></a><figcaption>Modi (right) at <a href="/wiki/CoP21_Climate_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="CoP21 Climate Conference">CoP21 Climate Conference</a>, in Paris, announcing the founding of an International <a href="/wiki/Solar_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar Alliance">Solar Alliance</a> (ISA). November 2015.</figcaption></figure> While naming his cabinet, Modi renamed the Ministry of Environment and Forests the "<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment,_Forest_and_Climate_Change" title="Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change">Ministry of Environment, Forests, and Climate Change</a>", and reduced its budget allocation by more than half in his administration's first budget.<a href="#cite_note-449">[437]</a> The new ministry removed or diluted a number of laws related to environmental protection, and others related to industrial activity.<a href="#cite_note-Ruparelia-264">[253]</a> The government also tried to reconstitute the <a href="/wiki/National_Board_for_Wildlife" class="mw-redirect" title="National Board for Wildlife">National Board for Wildlife</a> so it would no longer have representatives from NGOs but the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a> blocked this move.<a href="#cite_note-Kothari-450">[438]</a> Other changes included a reduction of ministry oversight on small mining projects and ending the requirement for approval from tribal councils for projects inside forested areas. Modi also lifted a moratorium on new industrial activity in India's most-polluted areas.<a href="#cite_note-Kothari-450">[438]</a> The changes were welcomed by businesspeople but criticised by environmentalists.<a href="#cite_note-451">[439]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PM_visit_Bandipur_and_Mudumalai_Tiger_Reserves,_in_Karnataka_on_April_9,_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/PM_visit_Bandipur_and_Mudumalai_Tiger_Reserves%2C_in_Karnataka_on_April_9%2C_2023.jpg/220px-PM_visit_Bandipur_and_Mudumalai_Tiger_Reserves%2C_in_Karnataka_on_April_9%2C_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/PM_visit_Bandipur_and_Mudumalai_Tiger_Reserves%2C_in_Karnataka_on_April_9%2C_2023.jpg/330px-PM_visit_Bandipur_and_Mudumalai_Tiger_Reserves%2C_in_Karnataka_on_April_9%2C_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/PM_visit_Bandipur_and_Mudumalai_Tiger_Reserves%2C_in_Karnataka_on_April_9%2C_2023.jpg/440px-PM_visit_Bandipur_and_Mudumalai_Tiger_Reserves%2C_in_Karnataka_on_April_9%2C_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="2404" /></a><figcaption>Modi visiting the <a href="/wiki/Bandipur_Tiger_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandipur Tiger Reserve">Bandipur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mudumalai_Tiger_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Mudumalai Tiger Reserve">Mudumalai Tiger Reserve</a>, in Karnataka in 2023</figcaption></figure> Speaking with <a href="/wiki/Assamese_people" title="Assamese people">Assamese</a> students in 2014, Modi downplayed <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>, saying, "Climate has not changed. We have changed. Our habits have changed. Our habits have got spoiled. Due to that, we have destroyed our entire environment."<a href="#cite_note-452">[440]</a> Later in his administration, however, he has called for <a href="/wiki/Climate_action" title="Climate action">climate action</a>,<a href="#cite_note-453">[441]</a><a href="#cite_note-454">[442]</a> especially with the proliferation of <a href="/wiki/Clean_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Clean energy">clean energy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-455">[443]</a><a href="#cite_note-456">[444]</a> In 2015, Modi proposed the <a href="/wiki/International_Solar_Alliance" title="International Solar Alliance">International Solar Alliance</a> initiative to encourage investment in solar energy.<a href="#cite_note-457">[445]</a> Holding developed countries responsible,<a href="#cite_note-458">[446]</a> Modi and his government have said India has had a negligible historical role in climate change. At the <a href="/wiki/COP26" class="mw-redirect" title="COP26">COP26</a> conference, Modi announced India would target <a href="/wiki/Carbon_neutrality" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon neutrality">carbon neutrality</a> by 2070 and expand its renewable energy capacity.<a href="#cite_note-459">[447]</a> Indian environmentalists and economists applauded the decision, describing it as bold climate action.<a href="#cite_note-460">[448]</a> India has become the only major economy to be on track to meet its <a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a> goals.<a href="#cite_note-461">[449]</a> It has achieved 10 per cent of ethanol blending five months ahead of schedule.<a href="#cite_note-462">[450]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Democratic_backsliding">Democratic backsliding</h3></div> Under Modi's tenure, India has experienced <a href="/wiki/Democratic_backsliding" title="Democratic backsliding">democratic backsliding</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lo9-42">[g]</a> According to one study, "The BJP government incrementally but systemically attacked nearly all existing mechanisms that are in place to hold the political executive to account, either by ensuring that these mechanisms became subservient to the political executive or were captured by party loyalists".<a href="#cite_note-Khaitan-38">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-463">[451]</a> The Modi government has used state power to intimidate and stifle critics in the media and academia, undermining freedom of expression and alternative sources of information.<a href="#cite_note-464">[452]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ganguly_2020-09-39">[33]</a> His administration has been criticised for using a democratic mandate to undermine democratic processes, including focusing on Hindu-nationalist priorities rather than economic development. Modi's second term as PM, in particular, saw the erosion of civil rights and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press_in_India" title="Freedom of the press in India">press freedom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-465">[453]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_perception_and_image">Public perception and image</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Narendra_Modi" title="Public image of Narendra Modi">Public image of Narendra Modi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi_participates_in_the_mass_yoga_demonstration_at_Rajpath_on_the_occasion_of_International_Yoga_Day,_in_New_Delhi_on_June_21,_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_participates_in_the_mass_yoga_demonstration_at_Rajpath_on_the_occasion_of_International_Yoga_Day%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_June_21%2C_2015.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_participates_in_the_mass_yoga_demonstration_at_Rajpath_on_the_occasion_of_International_Yoga_Day%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_June_21%2C_2015.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_participates_in_the_mass_yoga_demonstration_at_Rajpath_on_the_occasion_of_International_Yoga_Day%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_June_21%2C_2015.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2150" data-file-height="1163" /></a><figcaption>Modi at <a href="/wiki/International_Yoga_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="International Yoga Day">Yoga Day</a> celebrations in New Delhi, 21 June 2015</figcaption></figure> Narendra Modi has received <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_Narendra_Modi_premiership" title="Opinion polling on the Narendra Modi premiership">consistently high approval ratings</a> during his premiership.<a href="#cite_note-Kaul-43">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Image">Image</h3></div> Modi is a <a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">vegetarian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Teetotaller" class="mw-redirect" title="Teetotaller">teetotaller</a>,<a href="#cite_note-466">[454]</a><a href="#cite_note-467">[455]</a> who has a frugal lifestyle[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>], and is a <a href="/wiki/Workaholic" title="Workaholic">workaholic</a> and has been described as an <a href="/wiki/Introversion" class="mw-redirect" title="Introversion">introvert</a>.<a href="#cite_note-468">[456]</a> On 31 August 2012, he posted on <a href="/wiki/Google_Hangouts" title="Google Hangouts">Google Hangouts</a>, becoming the first Indian politician to interact with citizens on a live chat.<a href="#cite_note-469">[457]</a><a href="#cite_note-470">[458]</a> Modi has been called a fashion icon for his signature crisply ironed, half-sleeved <a href="/wiki/Kurta" title="Kurta">kurta</a>, and for a suit with his name repeatedly embroidered in the pinstripes, which he wore during a state visit by US President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>, which drew public and media attention, and criticism.<a href="#cite_note-471">[459]</a><a href="#cite_note-472">[460]</a><a href="#cite_note-473">[461]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] Scholars and biographers have described Modi's personality as energetic, eccentric, arrogant and charismatic.<a href="#cite_note-Stepan-47">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarino201460–70-474">[462]</a> The nomination of Modi for the prime-ministership drew attention to his reputation as "one of contemporary India's most controversial and divisive politicians".<a href="#cite_note-Basu-200">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-475">[463]</a><a href="#cite_note-476">[464]</a> During the 2014 election campaign, the BJP projected an image of Modi as a strong, masculine leader who would be able to take difficult decisions.<a href="#cite_note-Basu-200">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chhibber-220">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2015-06-222">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chacko-226">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-Srivastava-227">[216]</a> Campaigns in which he has participated have focused on Modi as an individual, an unusual tactic for the BJP and RSS.<a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2015-06-222">[211]</a> Modi has relied upon his reputation as a politician able to bring about economic growth and development.<a href="#cite_note-477">[465]</a> Modi's role in the 2002 Gujarat riots continues to attract criticism and controversy.<a href="#cite_note-Buncombe-14">[11]</a> Modi's hardline Hindutva philosophy and the policies adopted by his government also continue to draw criticism, and have been seen as evidence of a majoritarian and exclusionary social agenda.<a href="#cite_note-Buncombe-14">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stepan-47">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-Manor-173">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2015-06-222">[211]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Approval_ratings">Approval ratings</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_Narendra_Modi_premiership" title="Opinion polling on the Narendra Modi premiership">Opinion polling on the Narendra Modi premiership</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi_interacting_with_the_school_children_after_addressing_the_Nation,_on_the_occasion_of_71st_Independence_Day_from_the_ramparts_of_Red_Fort,_in_Delhi_on_August_15,_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_interacting_with_the_school_children_after_addressing_the_Nation%2C_on_the_occasion_of_71st_Independence_Day_from_the_ramparts_of_Red_Fort%2C_in_Delhi_on_August_15%2C_2017.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_interacting_with_the_school_children_after_addressing_the_Nation%2C_on_the_occasion_of_71st_Independence_Day_from_the_ramparts_of_Red_Fort%2C_in_Delhi_on_August_15%2C_2017.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_interacting_with_the_school_children_after_addressing_the_Nation%2C_on_the_occasion_of_71st_Independence_Day_from_the_ramparts_of_Red_Fort%2C_in_Delhi_on_August_15%2C_2017.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1472" /></a><figcaption>Modi interacting with the school children after delivering his address on <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(India)" title="Independence Day (India)">Independence Day</a> in New Delhi, 15 August 2017</figcaption></figure> During his premiership, Modi has received consistently high approval ratings; at the end of his first year in office, he received an overall approval rating of 87% in a <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Pew Research">Pew Research</a> poll, with 68% of respondents rating him "very favourably" and 93% approving of his government.<a href="#cite_note-478">[466]</a> Modi's approval rating remained largely consistent at around 74% during his second year in office, according to a nationwide poll conducted by instaVaani.<a href="#cite_note-479">[467]</a> At the end of his second year in office, an updated Pew Research poll showed Modi continued to receive high overall approval ratings of 81%, with 57% of those polled rating him "very favourably".<a href="#cite_note-480">[468]</a><a href="#cite_note-481">[469]</a> At the end of his third year in office, a further Pew Research poll showed Modi with an overall approval rating of 88%, his highest yet, with 69% of people polled rating him "very favourably".<a href="#cite_note-482">[470]</a> A poll conducted by <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a> in May 2017 showed 77% of respondents rated Modi as "very good" and "good".<a href="#cite_note-483">[471]</a> In early 2017, a survey by Pew Research Center showed Modi to be the most popular figure in Indian politics.<a href="#cite_note-484">[472]</a> In a weekly analysis by <a href="/wiki/Morning_Consult" title="Morning Consult">Morning Consult</a> called the Global Leader Approval Rating Tracker, Modi had the highest net approval rating as of 22 December 2020 of all government leaders in the 13 countries being tracked.<a href="#cite_note-485">[473]</a><a href="#cite_note-486">[474]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Cultural_depictions_of_Narendra_Modi" title="Category:Cultural depictions of Narendra Modi">Category:Cultural depictions of Narendra Modi</a></div> Modi Kaka Ka Gaon (Modi uncle's town), a 2017 Indian <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>-language drama film by Tushar Amrish Goel, is the first <a href="/wiki/Biopic" class="mw-redirect" title="Biopic">biopic</a> about Modi. It stars Vikas Mahante in the titular role.<a href="#cite_note-487">[475]</a> <a href="/wiki/PM_Narendra_Modi" title="PM Narendra Modi">PM Narendra Modi</a>, a 2019 Hindi-language biographical drama film by <a href="/wiki/Omung_Kumar" title="Omung Kumar">Omung Kumar</a>, stars <a href="/wiki/Vivek_Oberoi" title="Vivek Oberoi">Vivek Oberoi</a> in the titular role and covers Modi's rise to the premiership.<a href="#cite_note-488">[476]</a> An Indian web series called <a href="/wiki/Modi:_Journey_of_a_Common_Man" title="Modi: Journey of a Common Man">Modi: Journey of a Common Man</a>, which is based on the same premise, was released in May 2019 on the <a href="/wiki/Video_streaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Video streaming">video streaming</a> platform <a href="/wiki/Eros_Now" title="Eros Now">Eros Now</a> with <a href="/wiki/Ashish_Sharma" title="Ashish Sharma">Ashish Sharma</a> portraying Modi.<a href="#cite_note-489">[477]</a> <a href="/wiki/7_RCR_(TV_series)" title="7 RCR (TV series)">7 RCR</a> (<a href="/wiki/7,_Race_Course_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="7, Race Course Road">7, Race Course Road</a>), a 2014 Indian <a href="/wiki/Docudrama" title="Docudrama">docudrama</a> political television series which charts the political careers of prominent Indian politicians, covered Modi's rise to the PM's office in the episodes "Story of Narendra Modi from 1950 to 2001", "Story of Narendra Modi in Controversial Years from 2001 to 2013", "Truth Behind Brand Modi", "Election Journey of Narendra Modi to 7 RCR", and "Masterplan of Narendra Modi's NDA Govt", with Sangam Rai in the role of Modi.<a href="#cite_note-490">[478]</a> <a href="/wiki/India:_The_Modi_Question" title="India: The Modi Question">India: The Modi Question</a>, a 2023 <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> documentary, examines Modi's role in the 2002 Gujarat riots and his record as Prime Minister of India. The Indian government banned the documentary, drawing widespread criticism.<a href="#cite_note-491">[479]</a><a href="#cite_note-492">[480]</a><a href="#cite_note-493">[481]</a><a href="#cite_note-494">[482]</a> Other portrayals of Modi include those by <a href="/wiki/Rajit_Kapur" title="Rajit Kapur">Rajit Kapur</a> in the film <a href="/wiki/Uri:_The_Surgical_Strike" title="Uri: The Surgical Strike">Uri: The Surgical Strike</a> (2019) and <a href="/wiki/Vikram_Gokhale" title="Vikram Gokhale">Vikram Gokhale</a> in the web-television series <a href="/wiki/Avrodh:_The_Siege_Within" title="Avrodh: The Siege Within">Avrodh: The Siege Within</a> (2020), both of which are based on the <a href="/wiki/2016_Uri_attack" title="2016 Uri attack">2016 Uri attack</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2016_Indian_Line_of_Control_strike" title="2016 Indian Line of Control strike">subsequent Indian surgical strikes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-495">[483]</a><a href="#cite_note-496">[484]</a> Gokhale reprised the role in the sequel <a href="/wiki/Avrodh:_The_Siege_Within_2" title="Avrodh: The Siege Within 2">Avrodh: The Siege Within 2</a> (2022), which is based on the <a href="/wiki/2016_Indian_banknote_demonetisation" title="2016 Indian banknote demonetisation">2016 Indian banknote demonetisation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-497">[485]</a> Pratap Singh played a character based on Modi in <a href="/wiki/Chand_Bujh_Gaya" title="Chand Bujh Gaya">Chand Bujh Gaya</a> (2005) which is set against the backdrop of the Gujarat riots.<a href="#cite_note-498">[486]</a> Modi appeared in <a href="/wiki/Man_vs._Wild#Special_India_episodes" title="Man vs. Wild">an episode</a> of <a href="/wiki/Discovery_Channel_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Discovery Channel India">Discovery Channel</a>'s show <a href="/wiki/Man_vs._Wild" title="Man vs. Wild">Man vs. Wild</a> with the host <a href="/wiki/Bear_Grylls" title="Bear Grylls">Bear Grylls</a> in July 2019,<a href="#cite_note-499">[487]</a><a href="#cite_note-500">[488]</a> becoming the second world leader after Barack Obama to appear in the reality show.<a href="#cite_note-501">[489]</a> In the show, Modi treks through jungles, and talks about nature and wildlife conservation with Grylls.<a href="#cite_note-502">[490]</a> The episode was recorded in <a href="/wiki/Jim_Corbett_National_Park" title="Jim Corbett National Park">Jim Corbett National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a>, and was broadcast in India and 180 other countries.<a href="#cite_note-503">[491]</a> Modi hosts <a href="/wiki/Mann_Ki_Baat" title="Mann Ki Baat">Mann Ki Baat</a>, a monthly radio programme on <a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio" title="All India Radio">All India Radio</a>, and has conducted the competition <a href="/wiki/Pariksha_Pe_Charcha" title="Pariksha Pe Charcha">Pariksha Pe Charcha</a>, and discussions for students and the issues they face in examinations.<a href="#cite_note-504">[492]</a><a href="#cite_note-505">[493]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_recognition">Awards and recognition</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honours_received_by_Narendra_Modi" title="List of awards and honours received by Narendra Modi">List of awards and honours received by Narendra Modi</a></div> In March 2012 and June 2014, Narendra Modi appeared on the cover of the Asian edition of <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time Magazine</a>, becoming one of the few Indian politicians to have done so.<a href="#cite_note-506">[494]</a><a href="#cite_note-507">[495]</a> In 2014, <a href="/wiki/CNN-News18" title="CNN-News18">CNN-News18</a> (formally CNN-IBN) news network awarded Modi <a href="/wiki/CNN%E2%80%93News18_Indian_of_the_Year" class="mw-redirect" title="CNN–News18 Indian of the Year">Indian of the Year</a>.<a href="#cite_note-508">[496]</a> In June 2015, Modi was featured on the <a href="/wiki/List_of_covers_of_Time_magazine_(2010s)" title="List of covers of Time magazine (2010s)">cover of Time Magazine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-509">[497]</a> In 2014, 2015, 2017, 2020 and 2021, he was named one of Time magazine's <a href="/wiki/Time_100" title="Time 100">100 Most Influential People in the World</a>.<a href="#cite_note-510">[498]</a> <a href="/wiki/Forbes_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Forbes Magazine">Forbes Magazine</a> ranked him the 15th Most Powerful Person in the World in 2014 and the <a href="/wiki/Forbes_list_of_the_World%27s_Most_Powerful_People" title="Forbes list of the World's Most Powerful People">9th Most Powerful Person in the World</a> in 2015, 2016 and 2018.<a href="#cite_note-511">[499]</a> In 2015, Modi was ranked the <a href="/wiki/50_Most_Influential_(Bloomberg_Markets_ranking)" class="mw-redirect" title="50 Most Influential (Bloomberg Markets ranking)">13th Most Influential Person in the World</a> by <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Markets" title="Bloomberg Markets">Bloomberg Markets</a> Magazine.<a href="#cite_note-512">[500]</a> In 2021, Time called Modi the third "pivotal leader" of independent India after <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a>, who "dominated the country's politics like no one since them".<a href="#cite_note-513">[501]</a><a href="#cite_note-514">[502]</a> Modi was ranked fifth on <a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune Magazine</a>'s first annual list of the "World's Greatest Leaders" in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-515">[503]</a><a href="#cite_note-516">[504]</a> In 2017, <a href="/wiki/Gallup_International_Association" title="Gallup International Association">Gallup International Association</a> (GIA) conducted a poll and ranked Modi third-top leader of the world.<a href="#cite_note-517">[505]</a><a href="#cite_note-518">[506]</a> In 2016, a wax statue of Modi was unveiled at <a href="/wiki/Madame_Tussauds" title="Madame Tussauds">Madame Tussauds</a> <a href="/wiki/Wax_museum" title="Wax museum">wax museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>.<a href="#cite_note-519">[507]</a><a href="#cite_note-520">[508]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Narendra_Modi_figure_at_Madame_Tussauds_London_(33783646132).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Narendra_Modi_figure_at_Madame_Tussauds_London_%2833783646132%29.jpg/170px-Narendra_Modi_figure_at_Madame_Tussauds_London_%2833783646132%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Narendra_Modi_figure_at_Madame_Tussauds_London_%2833783646132%29.jpg/255px-Narendra_Modi_figure_at_Madame_Tussauds_London_%2833783646132%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Narendra_Modi_figure_at_Madame_Tussauds_London_%2833783646132%29.jpg/340px-Narendra_Modi_figure_at_Madame_Tussauds_London_%2833783646132%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Narendra Modi's wax statue at <a href="/wiki/Madame_Tussauds" title="Madame Tussauds">Madame Tussauds</a>, London</figcaption></figure> In 2015, Modi was named one of Time's "30 Most Influential People on the Internet" because he was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_most-followed_Twitter_accounts" title="List of most-followed Twitter accounts">second-most-followed politician</a> on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>.<a href="#cite_note-521">[509]</a> In 2018, he was the third-most-followed world leader on Twitter and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_most-followed_Instagram_accounts" title="List of most-followed Instagram accounts">most-followed world leader</a> on <a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a> and Facebook.<a href="#cite_note-522">[510]</a><a href="#cite_note-523">[511]</a><a href="#cite_note-524">[512]</a> In October 2018, Modi received United Nations' highest environmental award, the <a href="/wiki/Champions_of_the_Earth" title="Champions of the Earth">Champions of the Earth</a>, for policy leadership by "pioneering work in championing" the <a href="/wiki/International_Solar_Alliance" title="International Solar Alliance">International Solar Alliance</a> and "new areas of levels of cooperation on environmental action".<a href="#cite_note-525">[513]</a><a href="#cite_note-526">[514]</a> Modi was conferred the 2018 <a href="/wiki/Seoul_Peace_Prize" title="Seoul Peace Prize">Seoul Peace Prize</a>.<a href="#cite_note-527">[515]</a><a href="#cite_note-528">[516]</a> Following his <a href="/wiki/Second_oath_of_office_ceremony_of_Narendra_Modi" title="Second oath of office ceremony of Narendra Modi">second oath of office ceremony</a> as Prime Minister of India, a picture of Modi was displayed on the facade of the <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi_National_Oil_Company" title="Abu Dhabi National Oil Company">Abu Dhabi National Oil Company</a> (ADNOC) building in <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi,_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates">Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-529">[517]</a> The Texas India Forum hosted a community event, <a href="/wiki/Howdy_Modi" title="Howdy Modi">Howdy Modi</a>, in honour of Modi on 22 September 2019 at <a href="/wiki/NRG_Stadium" title="NRG Stadium">NRG Stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Houston,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston, Texas">Houston, Texas</a>. The event was attended by over 50,000 people and several American politicians, including President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, making it the largest gathering for an invited <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_visits_to_the_United_States" title="List of diplomatic visits to the United States">foreign leader visiting the United States</a> other than the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a>.<a href="#cite_note-530">[518]</a><a href="#cite_note-531">[519]</a> At the event, Modi was presented with the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Keys_to_the_City_in_the_United_States#Texas" title="List of Keys to the City in the United States">Key to the City</a> of Houston by Mayor <a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Turner" title="Sylvester Turner">Sylvester Turner</a>.<a href="#cite_note-532">[520]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a> awarded Modi the <a href="/wiki/Goalkeepers_(Gates_Foundation)" title="Goalkeepers (Gates Foundation)">Global Goalkeeper Award</a> on 24 September 2019 in New York City, in recognition of the <a href="/wiki/Swachh_Bharat_Mission" title="Swachh Bharat Mission">Swachh Bharat Mission</a> and "the progress India has made in providing safe sanitation under his leadership".<a href="#cite_note-533">[521]</a><a href="#cite_note-534">[522]</a><a href="#cite_note-535">[523]</a> In 2020, Modi was among eight world leaders who were awarded the parody <a href="/wiki/Ig_Nobel_Prize" title="Ig Nobel Prize">Ig Nobel Prize</a> in Medical Education "for using the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="COVID-19 pandemic in India">COVID-19 viral pandemic</a> to teach the world that politicians can have a more immediate effect on life and death than scientists and doctors can".<a href="#cite_note-536">[524]</a> On 21 December 2020, US President Donald Trump awarded Modi the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Merit" title="Legion of Merit">Legion of Merit</a> for improving <a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="India–United States relations">India–United States relations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-537">[525]</a><a href="#cite_note-538">[526]</a><a href="#cite_note-539">[527]</a><a href="#cite_note-540">[528]</a> On 24 February 2021, <a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Cricket_Association" title="Gujarat Cricket Association">Gujarat Cricket Association</a> controversially renamed Motera Stadium in <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad">Ahmedabad</a>—<a href="/wiki/List_of_cricket_grounds_by_capacity" title="List of cricket grounds by capacity">the largest cricket stadium in the world</a>—<a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi_Stadium" title="Narendra Modi Stadium">Narendra Modi Stadium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-541">[529]</a> In July 2024, during a visit to Russia, Modi was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Andrew" title="Order of St. Andrew">Order of St. Andrew</a>, Russia's highest civilian award, for his effort in the development of the bilateral ties between India and Russia.<a href="#cite_note-542">[530]</a> Later in November 2024, during a diplomatic visit to Nigeria, Modi was conferred the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_Niger" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Commander of the Order of the Niger">Grand Commander of the Order of the Niger</a> (GCON) by the Nigerian President. This is one of the country's highest honours, making him the second foreign dignitary to receive the award, after <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a> in 1969.<a href="#cite_note-543">[531]</a><a href="#cite_note-544">[532]</a> President <a href="/wiki/Bola_Tinubu" title="Bola Tinubu">Bola Tinubu</a> stated that the award was presented in recognition of Nigeria's appreciation for the growing partnership between the two countries.<a href="#cite_note-545">[533]</a> Upon his arrival, Modi was presented with the symbolic "Key to the City" of <a href="/wiki/Abuja" title="Abuja">Abuja</a> by Minister <a href="/wiki/Nyesom_Wike" title="Nyesom Wike">Nyesom Wike</a>, a gesture symbolising trust and honour from the people of Nigeria.<a href="#cite_note-546">[534]</a><a href="#cite_note-547">[535]</a> In December 2024, Modi was conferred the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Mubarak_the_Great" title="Order of Mubarak the Great">Order of Mubarak the Great</a>, the highest national honor of <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>.<a href="#cite_note-548">[536]</a><a href="#cite_note-549">[537]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_history">Electoral history</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Narendra_Modi" title="Electoral history of Narendra Modi">Electoral history of Narendra Modi</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="width:70%; text-align: center;"> <caption>Election results </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Office </th> <th>Constituency </th> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Votes for Modi </th> <th>% </th> <th>Opponent </th> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Margin </th> <th>Result </th> <th>Ref </th></tr> <tr> <td>2002^ </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_(India)" title="Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)">Member of the Legislative Assembly</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rajkot_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajkot II">Rajkot II</a> </td> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> </td> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/File:Bharatiya_Janata_Party_(icon).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bharatiya_Janata_Party_%28icon%29.svg/21px-Bharatiya_Janata_Party_%28icon%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bharatiya_Janata_Party_%28icon%29.svg/32px-Bharatiya_Janata_Party_%28icon%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bharatiya_Janata_Party_%28icon%29.svg/42px-Bharatiya_Janata_Party_%28icon%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="530" /></a> </td> <td>45,298 </td> <td>57.32 </td> <td>Ashwinbhai Narbheshankar Mehta </td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> </td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/File:Hand_INC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Hand_INC.svg/20px-Hand_INC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Hand_INC.svg/30px-Hand_INC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Hand_INC.svg/40px-Hand_INC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="538" data-file-height="478" /></a> </td> <td>30,570 </td> <td>38.68 </td> <td>14,728 </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:#000;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-550">[538]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2002_Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2002 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election">2002</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Maninagar_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maninagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Maninagar</a> </td> <td>113,589 </td> <td>73.29 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yatinbhai_Oza" title="Yatinbhai Oza">Yatinbhai Oza</a> </td> <td>38,256 </td> <td>24.68 </td> <td>75,333 </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:#000;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarino201498Bal_Narendra201467–69-551">[539]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2007_Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2007 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election">2007</a> </td> <td>139,568 </td> <td>69.53 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dinsha_Patel" title="Dinsha Patel">Dinsha Patel</a> </td> <td>52,407 </td> <td>26.11 </td> <td>87,161 </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:#000;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-552">[540]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2012_Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election">2012</a> </td> <td>120,470 </td> <td>75.38 </td> <td>Shweta Sanjiv Bhat </td> <td>34,097 </td> <td>21.34 </td> <td>86,373 </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:#000;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-NDTV_2012-12-20-190">[179]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election" title="2014 Indian general election">2014</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Lok_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha">Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vadodara_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vadodara (Lok Sabha constituency)">Vadodara</a> </td> <td>845,464 </td> <td>72.75 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Madhusudan_Mistry" title="Madhusudan Mistry">Madhusudan Mistry</a> </td> <td>275,336 </td> <td>23.69 </td> <td>570,128 </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:#000;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-553">[541]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election" title="2014 Indian general election">2014</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Varanasi_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)">Varanasi</a> </td> <td>581,022 </td> <td>56.37 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arvind_Kejriwal" title="Arvind Kejriwal">Arvind Kejriwal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aam_Aadmi_Party" title="Aam Aadmi Party">Aam Aadmi Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:AAP_Symbol.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/AAP_Symbol.png/20px-AAP_Symbol.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/AAP_Symbol.png/30px-AAP_Symbol.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/AAP_Symbol.png/40px-AAP_Symbol.png 2x" data-file-width="665" data-file-height="210" /></a> </td> <td>209,238 </td> <td>20.30 </td> <td>371,784 </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:#000;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-NDTV_2014-04-09-234">[223]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election" title="2019 Indian general election">2019</a> </td> <td>674,664 </td> <td>63.62 </td> <td>Shalini Yadav </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samajwadi_Party" title="Samajwadi Party">Samajwadi Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Cycle.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Indian_Election_Symbol_Cycle.png/20px-Indian_Election_Symbol_Cycle.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Indian_Election_Symbol_Cycle.png/30px-Indian_Election_Symbol_Cycle.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Indian_Election_Symbol_Cycle.png/40px-Indian_Election_Symbol_Cycle.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a> </td> <td>195,159 </td> <td>18.40 </td> <td>479,505 </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:#000;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-554">[542]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2024_Indian_general_election" title="2024 Indian general election">2024</a> </td> <td>612,970 </td> <td>54.24 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ajay_Rai" title="Ajay Rai">Ajay Rai</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Hand_INC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Hand_INC.svg/20px-Hand_INC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Hand_INC.svg/30px-Hand_INC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Hand_INC.svg/40px-Hand_INC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="538" data-file-height="478" /></a> </td> <td>460,457 </td> <td>40.74 </td> <td>152,513 </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:#000;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-555">[543]</a><a href="#cite_note-556">[544]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> ^ = February 2002 by-poll <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writing_career">Writing career</h2></div> In 2008, Modi published a Gujarati book titled Jyotipunj, which contains profiles of RSS leaders. The longest was of <a href="/wiki/M._S._Golwalkar" title="M. S. Golwalkar">M. S. Golwalkar</a>, under whose leadership the RSS expanded and whom Modi refers to as Pujniya Shri Guruji ("Guru worthy of worship").<a href="#cite_note-557">[545]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/The_Economic_Times" title="The Economic Times">The Economic Times</a>, Modi's intention was to explain the workings of the RSS to his readers, and to reassure RSS members he remained ideologically aligned with them. After becoming the Prime Minister he also authored a book called <a href="/wiki/Exam_Warriors" title="Exam Warriors">Exam Warriors</a>, a guide for children to commendably face exams. Modi has written eight other books, mostly containing short stories for children.<a href="#cite_note-558">[546]</a> Modi has penned the lyrics of two Gujarati <a href="/wiki/Garba_(dance)" title="Garba (dance)">garba</a> songs; Garbo, sung by <a href="/wiki/Dhvani_Bhanushali" title="Dhvani Bhanushali">Dhvani Bhanushali</a> and composed by <a href="/wiki/Tanishk_Bagchi" title="Tanishk Bagchi">Tanishk Bagchi</a>, and Maadi, sung by <a href="/wiki/Divya_Kumar_(singer)" title="Divya Kumar (singer)">Divya Kumar</a> and composed by <a href="/wiki/Meet_Bros" title="Meet Bros">Meet Bros</a>. The songs were released on the occasion of autumn <a href="/wiki/Navratri" class="mw-redirect" title="Navratri">Navratri</a> in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-559">[547]</a> <a href="#cite_note-560">[548]</a> <a href="/wiki/Abundance_in_Millets" title="Abundance in Millets">Abundance in Millets</a>, a song by <a href="/wiki/Falu" title="Falu">Falu</a> and Gaurav Shah that featured a speech given by Modi for the promotion of <a href="/wiki/Millet" title="Millet">millet</a>, received a nomination in the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Global_Music_Performance" title="Grammy Award for Best Global Music Performance">Best Global Music Performance</a> category for the <a href="/wiki/66th_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="66th Annual Grammy Awards">2024 Grammy Awards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-561">[549]</a><a href="#cite_note-562">[550]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Narendra_Modi" title="Bibliography of Narendra Modi">Bibliography of Narendra Modi</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Modi, Narendra (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/56367646">Aapatkal Me Gujarat</a> (in Hindi) (Samskarana 1 ed.). New Delhi: <a href="/wiki/Prabhat_Prakashan" title="Prabhat Prakashan">Prabhat Prakashan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7315-466-X" title="Special:BookSources/81-7315-466-X"><bdi>81-7315-466-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/56367646">56367646</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aapatkal+Me+Gujarat&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.edition=Samskarana+1&rft.pub=Prabhat+Prakashan&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F56367646&rft.isbn=81-7315-466-X&rft.aulast=Modi&rft.aufirst=Narendra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F56367646&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">——————— (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/696558495">Convenient Action: Gujarat's Response to Challenges of Climate Change</a>. New Delhi: <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan Publishers</a> India. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-33192-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-33192-1"><bdi>978-0-230-33192-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/696558495">696558495</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Convenient+Action%3A+Gujarat%27s+Response+to+Challenges+of+Climate+Change&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Macmillan+Publishers+India&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F696558495&rft.isbn=978-0-230-33192-1&rft.aulast=Modi&rft.aufirst=Narendra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F696558495&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">——————— (22 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WsGeAwAAQBAJ">A Journey: Poems by Narendra Modi</a> [Bhaav Yatra]. Translated by Mantha, Ravi. <a href="/wiki/Rupa_Publications" title="Rupa Publications">Rupa Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-291-3386-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-291-3386-1"><bdi>978-81-291-3386-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Journey%3A+Poems+by+Narendra+Modi&rft.pub=Rupa+Publications&rft.date=2014-04-22&rft.isbn=978-81-291-3386-1&rft.aulast=Modi&rft.aufirst=Narendra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWsGeAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">——————— (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_2dtCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA19">Jyotipunj</a> (in Hindi). <a href="/wiki/Prabhat_Prakashan" title="Prabhat Prakashan">Prabhat Prakashan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-5186-231-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-5186-231-4"><bdi>978-93-5186-231-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jyotipunj&rft.pub=Prabhat+Prakashan&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-93-5186-231-4&rft.aulast=Modi&rft.aufirst=Narendra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_2dtCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">——————— (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hGNtCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA12">Social Harmony</a> [Samajik Samarasta]. <a href="/wiki/Prabhat_Prakashan" title="Prabhat Prakashan">Prabhat Prakashan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-5048-980-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-5048-980-2"><bdi>978-93-5048-980-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+Harmony&rft.pub=Prabhat+Prakashan&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-93-5048-980-2&rft.aulast=Modi&rft.aufirst=Narendra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhGNtCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">——————— (21 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WDt1CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA19">India's Singapore Story</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISEAS%E2%80%93Yusof_Ishak_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute">ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-4695-73-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-4695-73-2"><bdi>978-981-4695-73-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%27s+Singapore+Story&rft.pub=ISEAS%E2%80%93Yusof+Ishak+Institute&rft.date=2015-12-21&rft.isbn=978-981-4695-73-2&rft.aulast=Modi&rft.aufirst=Narendra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWDt1CwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">——————— (2017). Mann Ki Baat: A Social Revolution on Radio. BlueKraft Digital Foundation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9350359907" title="Special:BookSources/978-9350359907"><bdi>978-9350359907</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mann+Ki+Baat%3A+A+Social+Revolution+on+Radio&rft.pub=BlueKraft+Digital+Foundation&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-9350359907&rft.aulast=Modi&rft.aufirst=Narendra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">——————— (3 February 2018). <a href="/wiki/Exam_Warriors" title="Exam Warriors">Exam Warriors</a>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin India</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-344150-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-344150-2"><bdi>978-0-14-344150-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exam+Warriors&rft.pub=Penguin+India&rft.date=2018-02-03&rft.isbn=978-0-14-344150-2&rft.aulast=Modi&rft.aufirst=Narendra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">——————— (2018) [2017]. President Pranab Mukherjee: A Statesman. Translated by Joshi, Varun. The Statesman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8192925554" title="Special:BookSources/978-8192925554"><bdi>978-8192925554</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=President+Pranab+Mukherjee%3A+A+Statesman&rft.pub=The+Statesman&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-8192925554&rft.aulast=Modi&rft.aufirst=Narendra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">——————— (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u1_RoAEACAAJ">Abode of Love</a> [Premtirth]. Rajpal Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9350642382" title="Special:BookSources/978-9350642382"><bdi>978-9350642382</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Abode+of+Love&rft.pub=Rajpal+Publishers&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-9350642382&rft.aulast=Modi&rft.aufirst=Narendra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du1_RoAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">——————— (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rbXlDwAAQBAJ">Letters to Mother</a> [Sakshi Bhaav]. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9353576325" title="Special:BookSources/978-9353576325"><bdi>978-9353576325</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Letters+to+Mother&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-9353576325&rft.aulast=Modi&rft.aufirst=Narendra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrbXlDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of prime ministers of India">List of prime ministers of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_Narendra_Modi_premiership" title="Opinion polling on the Narendra Modi premiership">Opinion polling on the Narendra Modi premiership</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Gujarati" title="Help:IPA/Gujarati">[ˈnəɾendɾə dɑmodəɾˈdɑs ˈmodiː]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/3b\/Narendra_Modi_pronouncing_his_name_at_swearing_in_2014.ogg\/Narendra_Modi_pronouncing_his_name_at_swearing_in_2014.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"listen"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Narendra Modi pronouncing his name at swearing in 2014.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/Narendra_Modi_pronouncing_his_name_at_swearing_in_2014.ogg/Narendra_Modi_pronouncing_his_name_at_swearing_in_2014.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">listen</a><a href="/wiki/File:Narendra_Modi_pronouncing_his_name_at_swearing_in_2014.ogg" title="File:Narendra Modi pronouncing his name at swearing in 2014.ogg">ⓘ</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-foo-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-foo_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-foo_5-1">b</a> Narendra Modi was born Narendrabhai Damodardas Modi on 17 September 1950. He uses Damodardas as his middle name—<a href="/wiki/Gujarati_people" title="Gujarati people">Gujaratis</a> have a tradition of <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">using the names of their fathers</a> as their middle names—but he is widely known as Narendra Modi.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarino20144–5-4">[3]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> Sources stating that <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">RSS</a> had a deep impact on the political hierarchy of the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>, specially in the case of Narendra Modi.<a href="#cite_note-7">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[7]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> Sources describing Modi's administration as complicit in the 2002 violence.<a href="#cite_note-Bobbio-11">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nussbaum-12">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shani-13">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Buncombe-14">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2013-06-15">[12]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> In 2012, a court stated that investigations had found no evidence against Modi.<a href="#cite_note-18">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[15]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Sources stating that Modi has failed to improve human development indices in Gujarat:<a href="#cite_note-Buncombe-14">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jaffrelot_2013-06-15">[12]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-lo9-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lo9_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lo9_42-1">b</a> Sources describing that India has experienced a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_backsliding" title="Democratic backsliding">backslide in democracy</a>:<a href="#cite_note-37">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Khaitan-38">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ganguly_2020-09-39">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[35]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> Sources discussing the controversy surrounding Modi:<a href="#cite_note-Buncombe-14">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stepan-47">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ganguly_2014-10-48">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[44]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> Applications were filed with the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Office_(India)" title="Prime Minister's Office (India)">Prime Minister's Office</a> (PMO) under the <a href="/wiki/Right_to_Information_Act,_2005" title="Right to Information Act, 2005">RTI Act</a> seeking details of his arrest. In reply, the PMO said it maintains official records on Modi only since he became the prime minister in 2014. Despite this claim, the official website of the PMO contains information about Modi from the 1950s.<a href="#cite_note-88">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[81]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> Replying to an RTI query, the School of Open Learning said it did not have any data of students who received a BA degree in 1978.<a href="#cite_note-India_Today_2017-03-14-91">[82]</a> Jayantibhai Patel, a former political science professor of Gujarat University, said the subjects listed in Modi's MA degree were not offered by the university when Modi was studying there.<a href="#cite_note-98">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[90]</a> In 2016, <a href="/wiki/Delhi_University" title="Delhi University">Delhi University</a> deemed the BA degree to be authentic.<a href="#cite_note-100">[91]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> The exact number of people killed in the train burning is variously reported. For example, the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> says it was 59,<a href="#cite_note-127">[117]</a> while <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> put the figure at 60.<a href="#cite_note-128">[118]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-392"><a href="#cite_ref-392">^</a> "The Narendra Modi led government completed two years in power in May 2016 and the prime minister has made his mark on both the domestic and foreign policy fronts. It is important to assess how successful his initiatives have been in the arena of foreign affairs in comparison to his predecessors. In this regard, this paper identifies and examines the key trends and issues in foreign policy under the Modi led administration and the measures needed to translate speeches and policies into action. Modi government has also taken a serious node of relations with middle-east nations, as well as Iran and Israel."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall2016278–281-391">[380]</a> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2015/01/19/world/narendra-modi-fast-facts/index.html">"Narendra Modi Fast Facts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. 6 September 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Narendra+Modi+Fast+Facts&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2023-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2015%2F01%2F19%2Fworld%2Fnarendra-modi-fast-facts%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200717104500/https://www.ndtv.com/elections-news/jashodaben-named-by-narendra-modi-as-his-wife-prays-for-him-to-become-pm-557031">"Jashodaben, named by Narendra Modi as his wife, prays for him to become PM"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NDTV" title="NDTV">NDTV</a>. <a href="/wiki/Press_Trust_of_India" title="Press Trust of India">Press Trust of India</a>. 11 April 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ndtv.com/elections-news/jashodaben-named-by-narendra-modi-as-his-wife-prays-for-him-to-become-pm-557031?&tb_cb=1">the original</a> on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jashodaben%2C+named+by+Narendra+Modi+as+his+wife%2C+prays+for+him+to+become+PM&rft.pub=NDTV&rft.date=2014-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Felections-news%2Fjashodaben-named-by-narendra-modi-as-his-wife-prays-for-him-to-become-pm-557031%3F%26tb_cb%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarino20144–5-4"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarino20144–5_4-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarino2014">Marino 2014</a>, pp. 4–5. sfn error: no target: CITEREFMarino2014 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/the-rise-and-journey-of-narendra-modi-timeline/article68245652.ece">"The rise and journey of Narendra Modi as the leader reshaping India: timeline"</a>. The Hindu. 6 June 2024. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X">0971-751X</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240628060552/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/the-rise-and-journey-of-narendra-modi-timeline/article68245652.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2024. Retrieved 25 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=The+rise+and+journey+of+Narendra+Modi+as+the+leader+reshaping+India%3A+timeline&rft.date=2024-06-06&rft.issn=0971-751X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Felections%2Flok-sabha%2Fthe-rise-and-journey-of-narendra-modi-timeline%2Farticle68245652.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsrar2014" class="citation web cs1">Asrar, Nadim (26 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200808041721/https://www.ndtv.com/elections-news/narendra-modis-political-journey-from-rss-worker-to-bjps-pm-candidate-534530">"Narendra Modi's political journey from RSS worker to BJP's PM candidate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NDTV" title="NDTV">NDTV</a>. 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Democratization. 26 (3): 422–443. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13510347.2018.1542430">10.1080/13510347.2018.1542430</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1351-0347">1351-0347</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:148625260">148625260</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211010183922/http://fox.leuphana.de/portal/de/publications/a-tale-of-culturebound-regime-evolution-the-centennial-democratic-trend-and-its-recent-reversal(2b6baaf4-3942-4491-92ca-55782d455a62).html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2021. 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The Hindu. 10 May 2016. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X">0971-751X</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230529064422/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/Narendra-Modi%E2%80%99s-degree-%E2%80%98authentic%E2%80%99-Delhi-University-Registrar-Tarun-Das/article60504479.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Narendra+Modi%27s+degree+%27authentic%27%3A+Delhi+University+Registrar+Tarun+Das&rft.date=2016-05-10&rft.issn=0971-751X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fcities%2FDelhi%2FNarendra-Modi%25E2%2580%2599s-degree-%25E2%2580%2598authentic%25E2%2580%2599-Delhi-University-Registrar-Tarun-Das%2Farticle60504479.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007493–494-102"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuha2007493–494_102-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGuha2007">Guha 2007</a>, p. 493–494. sfn error: no target: CITEREFGuha2007 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKochanekHardgrave2007205-103"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKochanekHardgrave2007205_103-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKochanekHardgrave2007">Kochanek & Hardgrave 2007</a>, p. 205. sfn error: no target: CITEREFKochanekHardgrave2007 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarino201436–40-104"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarino201436–40_104-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarino2014">Marino 2014</a>, pp. 36–40. sfn error: no target: CITEREFMarino2014 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarino201471–74Natarajan_and_Pooja201998–101-105"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarino201471–74Natarajan_and_Pooja201998–101_105-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarino2014">Marino 2014</a>, pp. 71–74 sfnm error: no target: CITEREFMarino2014 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>); <a href="#CITEREFNatarajan_and_Pooja2019">Natarajan and Pooja 2019</a>, pp. 98–101 sfnm error: no target: CITEREFNatarajan_and_Pooja2019 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarino201443-106"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarino201443_106-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarino2014">Marino 2014</a>, p. 43. sfn error: no target: CITEREFMarino2014 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMukhopadhyay2013150-107"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMukhopadhyay2013150_107-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMukhopadhyay2013">Mukhopadhyay 2013</a>, p. 150. sfn error: no target: CITEREFMukhopadhyay2013 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarino2014">Marino 2014</a>, p. 65 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMarino2014 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>); <a href="#CITEREFNatarajan_and_Pooja2019">Natarajan and Pooja 2019</a>, pp. 98–99 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFNatarajan_and_Pooja2019 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>); <a href="#CITEREFSen2016">Sen 2016</a>, pp. 145–151 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSen2016 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>); <a href="#CITEREFHall2016">Hall 2016</a>, p. 90 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHall2016 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>); <a href="#CITEREFMukhopadhyay2013">Mukhopadhyay 2013</a>, pp. 56–57 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMukhopadhyay2013 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatel2013" class="citation web cs1">Patel, Aakar (22 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140524050207/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131222/commentary-columnists/commentary/poetic-side-narendra-modi">"The poetic side of Narendra Modi"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Chronicle" title="Deccan Chronicle">Deccan Chronicle</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131222/commentary-columnists/commentary/poetic-side-narendra-modi">the original</a> on 24 May 2014. Retrieved 25 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deccan+Chronicle&rft.atitle=The+poetic+side+of+Narendra+Modi&rft.date=2013-12-22&rft.aulast=Patel&rft.aufirst=Aakar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanchronicle.com%2F131222%2Fcommentary-columnists%2Fcommentary%2Fpoetic-side-narendra-modi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMehta2004" class="citation news cs1">Mehta, Harit (28 June 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Gujarat-not-enamoured-by-poet-Narendra-Modi/articleshow/757261.cms">"Gujarat not enamoured by poet Narendra Modi"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151023124625/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Gujarat-not-enamoured-by-poet-Narendra-Modi/articleshow/757261.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Gujarat+not+enamoured+by+poet+Narendra+Modi&rft.date=2004-06-28&rft.aulast=Mehta&rft.aufirst=Harit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fahmedabad%2FGujarat-not-enamoured-by-poet-Narendra-Modi%2Farticleshow%2F757261.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarino201438–43,_46–50-111"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarino201438–43,_46–50_111-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarino2014">Marino 2014</a>, pp. 38–43, 46–50. sfn error: no target: CITEREFMarino2014 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShekhar2015" class="citation book cs1">Shekhar, Himanshu (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qOJfCgAAQBAJ">Management Guru Narendra Modi</a>. Diamond Pocket Books Pvt Ltd. p. 64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-288-2803-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-288-2803-4"><bdi>978-81-288-2803-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Management+Guru+Narendra+Modi&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=Diamond+Pocket+Books+Pvt+Ltd&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-81-288-2803-4&rft.aulast=Shekhar&rft.aufirst=Himanshu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqOJfCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarino201445–48,_54–59-113"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarino201445–48,_54–59_113-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarino2014">Marino 2014</a>, pp. 45–48, 54–59. sfn error: no target: CITEREFMarino2014 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007Marino201456Panda2016fontcoverRao2020228-114"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuha2007Marino201456Panda2016fontcoverRao2020228_114-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGuha2007">Guha 2007</a> sfnm error: no target: CITEREFGuha2007 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>); <a href="#CITEREFMarino2014">Marino 2014</a>, pp. 56 sfnm error: no target: CITEREFMarino2014 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>); <a href="#CITEREFPanda2016">Panda 2016</a>, pp. fontcover sfnm error: no target: CITEREFPanda2016 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>); <a href="#CITEREFRao2020">Rao 2020</a>, pp. 228 sfnm error: no target: CITEREFRao2020 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMukhopadhyay201368–69-115"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMukhopadhyay201368–69_115-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMukhopadhyay2013">Mukhopadhyay 2013</a>, pp. 68–69. sfn error: no target: CITEREFMukhopadhyay2013 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarino201460–63-116">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarino201460–63_116-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarino201460–63_116-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarino2014">Marino 2014</a>, pp. 60–63. sfn error: no target: CITEREFMarino2014 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zeenews.india.com/slideshow/gujarat-cm-candidates_69.html">"Gujarat-CM candidates: Gujarat Assembly Elections 2012: Narendra Modi profile"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Zee_News" title="Zee News">Zee News</a>. Gujarat. 11 December 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130420090836/http://zeenews.india.com/slideshow/gujarat-cm-candidates_69.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2013. Retrieved 21 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zee+News&rft.atitle=Gujarat-CM+candidates%3A+Gujarat+Assembly+Elections+2012%3A+Narendra+Modi+profile&rft.date=2012-12-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzeenews.india.com%2Fslideshow%2Fgujarat-cm-candidates_69.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJainE2018">Jain & E 2018</a>, pp. 17–21 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFJainE2018 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>); <a href="#CITEREFKomireddi2019">Komireddi 2019</a>, pp. 67–69 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKomireddi2019 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>); <a href="#CITEREFKochanekHardgrave2007">Kochanek & Hardgrave 2007</a>, pp. 44–49 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKochanekHardgrave2007 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>); <a href="#CITEREFMarino2014">Marino 2014</a>, p. 49 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMarino2014 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>); <a href="#CITEREFPanda2016">Panda 2016</a>, p. 95 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPanda2016 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>); <a href="#CITEREFKanrad2018">Kanrad 2018</a>, pp. 87–91 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKanrad2018 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMehta2014" class="citation news cs1">Mehta, Harit (1 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Six-year-banishment-led-to-Narendra-Modis-metamorphosis/articleshow/33040649.cms">"Six-year banishment led to Narendra Modi's metamorphosis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140401022501/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Six-year-banishment-led-to-Narendra-Modis-metamorphosis/articleshow/33040649.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Six-year+banishment+led+to+Narendra+Modi%27s+metamorphosis&rft.date=2014-04-01&rft.aulast=Mehta&rft.aufirst=Harit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fhome%2Flok-sabha-elections-2014%2Fnews%2FSix-year-banishment-led-to-Narendra-Modis-metamorphosis%2Farticleshow%2F33040649.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Venkatesan-120">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Venkatesan_120-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Venkatesan_120-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVenkatesan2001" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/V._Venkatram" title="V. Venkatram">Venkatesan, V.</a> (26 October 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130405081524/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1821/18210310.htm">"A pracharak as Chief Minister"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Frontline_(magazine)" title="Frontline (magazine)">Frontline</a>. Vol. 18, no. 21. New Delhi. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1821/18210310.htm">the original</a> on 5 April 2013. Retrieved 11 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontline&rft.atitle=A+pracharak+as+Chief+Minister&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=21&rft.date=2001-10-26&rft.aulast=Venkatesan&rft.aufirst=V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontlineonnet.com%2Ffl1821%2F18210310.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarino201478–79Mukhopadhyay201378–95-121"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarino201478–79Mukhopadhyay201378–95_121-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarino2014">Marino 2014</a>, pp. 78–79 sfnm error: no target: CITEREFMarino2014 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>); <a href="#CITEREFMukhopadhyay2013">Mukhopadhyay 2013</a>, pp. 78–95 sfnm error: no target: CITEREFMukhopadhyay2013 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-Phadnis-122">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Phadnis_122-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Phadnis_122-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Phadnis_122-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhadnis2009" class="citation book cs1">Phadnis, Aditi (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qT7QvviGoJsC&pg=PA116">Business Standard Political Profiles of Cabals and Kings</a>. Business Standard Books. pp. 116–21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-905735-4-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-905735-4-2"><bdi>978-81-905735-4-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140103043003/http://books.google.com/books?id=qT7QvviGoJsC&pg=PA116">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Business+Standard+Political+Profiles+of+Cabals+and+Kings&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E116-%3C%2Fspan%3E21&rft.pub=Business+Standard+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-81-905735-4-2&rft.aulast=Phadnis&rft.aufirst=Aditi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqT7QvviGoJsC%26pg%3DPA116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunsha2001" class="citation news cs1">Bunsha, Dionne (26 October 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061021155658/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1821/18210300.htm">"A new oarsman"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Frontline_(magazine)" title="Frontline (magazine)">Frontline</a>. 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Retrieved 20 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=India+Review&rft.atitle=Narendra+Modi+Between+Hindutva+and+Subnationalism%3A+The+Gujarati+Asmita+of+a+Hindu+Hriday+Samrat&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E196-%3C%2Fspan%3E217&rft.date=2016-05-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14736489.2016.1165557&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A156137272%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Jaffrelot&rft.aufirst=Christophe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarnegieendowment.org%2F2016%2F05%2F09%2Fnarendra-modi-between-hindutva-and-subnationalism-gujarati-asmita-of-hindu-hriday-samrat-pub-66446&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrasted2005" class="citation book cs1">Brasted, Howard V. 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Retrieved 16 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Modi+wins+Maninagar+seat+by+75%2C333+votes&rft.date=2002-12-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fahmedabad%2FModi-wins-Maninagar-seat-by-75333-votes%2Farticleshow%2F31344603.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rediff.com/election/2002/dec/22guj.htm">"Narendra Modi sworn in as Gujarat CM"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rediff" class="mw-redirect" title="Rediff">Rediff</a>. 22 December 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924123214/http://www.rediff.com/election/2002/dec/22guj.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015. 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Retrieved 12 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=DNA+India&rft.atitle=Religious+leaders+demand+rebuilding+of+temples&rft.date=2008-11-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnaindia.com%2Findia%2Freport-religious-leaders-demand-rebuilding-of-temples-1209291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaman2014" class="citation news cs1">Raman, Anuradha (11 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.outlookindia.com/article/TestTubes-In-Hastinapur/291554">"Test-Tubes in Hastinapur"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Outlook_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Outlook India">Outlook India</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141003180314/http://www.outlookindia.com/article/TestTubes-In-Hastinapur/291554">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2014. 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Hindustan Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230630040247/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ethnic-violence-in-manipur-leaves-98-dead-and-310-injured-144-guns-recovered-as-curfew-lifted-in-some-districts-101685731158828.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 30 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=98+killed+in+Manipur+clashes%2C+36k+moved+to+relief+camps%2C+says+govt&rft.date=2023-06-03&rft.aulast=Parashar&rft.aufirst=Utpal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia-news%2Fethnic-violence-in-manipur-leaves-98-dead-and-310-injured-144-guns-recovered-as-curfew-lifted-in-some-districts-101685731158828.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thefederal.com/states/north-east/manipur-pms-silence-adds-to-anger-frustration-amid-violence-flare-up/">"Manipur: PM's silence adds to anger, frustration amid violence, flare-up"</a>. The Federal. 17 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230630040248/https://thefederal.com/states/north-east/manipur-pms-silence-adds-to-anger-frustration-amid-violence-flare-up/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 30 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Federal&rft.atitle=Manipur%3A+PM%27s+silence+adds+to+anger%2C+frustration+amid+violence%2C+flare-up&rft.date=2023-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthefederal.com%2Fstates%2Fnorth-east%2Fmanipur-pms-silence-adds-to-anger-frustration-amid-violence-flare-up%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGettlemanSchultzRajKumar2019" class="citation web cs1">Gettleman, Jeffrey; Schultz, Kai; Raj, Suhasini; Kumar, Hari (11 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/11/world/asia/modi-india-elections.html">"Under Modi, a Hindu Nationalist Surge Has Further Divided India"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220829174347/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/11/world/asia/modi-india-elections.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Under+Modi%2C+a+Hindu+Nationalist+Surge+Has+Further+Divided+India&rft.date=2019-04-11&rft.aulast=Gettleman&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.au=Schultz%2C+Kai&rft.au=Raj%2C+Suhasini&rft.au=Kumar%2C+Hari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F04%2F11%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fmodi-india-elections.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSerhan2022" class="citation web cs1">Serhan, Yasmeen (27 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2022/05/narendra-modi-india-religion-hindu-nationalism/630169/">"The Hinduization of India Is Nearly Complete"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220829174443/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2022/05/narendra-modi-india-religion-hindu-nationalism/630169/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=The+Hinduization+of+India+Is+Nearly+Complete&rft.date=2022-05-27&rft.aulast=Serhan&rft.aufirst=Yasmeen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Finternational%2Farchive%2F2022%2F05%2Fnarendra-modi-india-religion-hindu-nationalism%2F630169%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Farokhi-285">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Farokhi_285-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Farokhi_285-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarokhi2020" class="citation book cs1">Farokhi, Zeinab (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_8T2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT171">"Hindu Nationalism, News Channels, and "Post-Truth" Twitter: A Case Study of "Love Jihad""</a>. In Boler, Megan; Davis, Elizabeth (eds.). Affective Politics of Digital Media: Propaganda by Other Means. Routledge. pp. 226–239. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-00-016917-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-00-016917-1"><bdi>978-1-00-016917-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230506153834/https://books.google.com/books?id=_8T2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT171">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hindu+Nationalism%2C+News+Channels%2C+and+%22Post-Truth%22+Twitter%3A+A+Case+Study+of+%22Love+Jihad%22&rft.btitle=Affective+Politics+of+Digital+Media%3A+Propaganda+by+Other+Means&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E226-%3C%2Fspan%3E239&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-00-016917-1&rft.aulast=Farokhi&rft.aufirst=Zeinab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_8T2DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins2019" class="citation book cs1">Jenkins, Laura Dudley (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J22RDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA180">"Persecution: The Love Jihad Rumor"</a>. Religious Freedom and Mass Conversion in India. University of Pennsylvania Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.9783%2F9780812296006-007">10.9783/9780812296006-007</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-9600-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-9600-6"><bdi>978-0-8122-9600-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:242173559">242173559</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230513114814/https://books.google.com/books?id=J22RDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA180">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023. <q>The masterplot of love jihad is not just literary imaginings but also a potent brew of Islamophobia and patriarchy that harms Muslims and women. Akin to some of the post-9/11 rhetoric in the United States, contemporary Hindu nationalists propagate "a mythical history of medieval Muslim tyranny and present-day existential threat, demanding mobilization and revenge."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Persecution%3A+The+Love+Jihad+Rumor&rft.btitle=Religious+Freedom+and+Mass+Conversion+in+India&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A242173559%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.9783%2F9780812296006-007&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-9600-6&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Laura+Dudley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ22RDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharma2020" class="citation journal cs1">Sharma, Ajita (1 April 2020). "Afrazul's murder: Law and love jihad". Jindal Global Law Review. 11 (1). Springer: 77–95. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs41020-020-00114-5">10.1007/s41020-020-00114-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:220512241">220512241</a>. <q>The fake claim by the Hindu right-wing that love jihad forces Hindu women to love and marry a Muslim man and convert to Islam is perpetuating an already existing anti-Muslim narrative in the country. The love jihad phenomenon has thus become a tool of hate and anger towards Muslims. Afrazul's killing by Raigher is an extreme demonstration of this form of hate and anger towards Muslims.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jindal+Global+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Afrazul%27s+murder%3A+Law+and+love+jihad&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E77-%3C%2Fspan%3E95&rft.date=2020-04-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs41020-020-00114-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A220512241%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Ajita&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUpadhyay2020" class="citation journal cs1">Upadhyay, Nishant (18 May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/43040799">"Hindu Nation and its Queers: Caste, Islamophobia, and De/coloniality in India"</a>. Interventions. 22 (4). Routledge: 464–480. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F1369801X.2020.1749709">10.1080/1369801X.2020.1749709</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:218822737">218822737</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220328033737/https://www.academia.edu/43040799">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2021 – via Academia.edu. <q>Heterosexual couples who defy caste and religious structures often face violence, some of which results in death through honor killings and lynching targeting specifically Muslim and Dalit men. For instance, the Hindutva campaign against what it calls the "love jihad" is an attempt to protect Hindu women from Muslim men, as the latter are imagined/blamed to convert Hindu women to Islam through trickery and marriage (Gupta 2018b, 85). Needless to say, these claims are unfounded and Islamophobic imaginations of the Hindu Right.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Interventions&rft.atitle=Hindu+Nation+and+its+Queers%3A+Caste%2C+Islamophobia%2C+and+De%2Fcoloniality+in+India&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E464-%3C%2Fspan%3E480&rft.date=2020-05-18&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F1369801X.2020.1749709&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A218822737%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Upadhyay&rft.aufirst=Nishant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F43040799&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrydenlund2018" class="citation book cs1">Frydenlund, Iselin (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/37554959">"Buddhist Islamophobia: Actors, Tropes, Contexts"</a>. In Dyrendal, Asbjørn; Robertson, David G.; Asprem, Egil (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yoN1DwAAQBAJ">Handbook of Conspiracy Theory and Contemporary Religion</a>. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 17. Brill. pp. 279–302. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004382022_014">10.1163/9789004382022_014</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004382022" title="Special:BookSources/9789004382022"><bdi>9789004382022</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:201409140">201409140</a> – via Academia.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Buddhist+Islamophobia%3A+Actors%2C+Tropes%2C+Contexts&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Conspiracy+Theory+and+Contemporary+Religion&rft.series=Brill+Handbooks+on+Contemporary+Religion&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E279-%3C%2Fspan%3E302&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A201409140%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004382022_014&rft.isbn=9789004382022&rft.aulast=Frydenlund&rft.aufirst=Iselin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F37554959&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Islamophobia-290"><a href="#cite_ref-Islamophobia_290-0">^</a> <a href="#cite_note-Farokhi-285">[274]</a>: <span title="Page / location: 226–227
Quotation: "The exponents of this conspiracy assert that innocent Hindu women are converted to Islam in order to increase the Muslim population, thereby waging jihad or holy war against Hindus (Gupta, 2009). By evoking demographic fears and anxiety, this campaign demonises Muslims and works to advance the patriarchal idea of saving Hindu girls from an imagined Muslim menace (Das, 2010)."" class="tooltip tooltip-dashed" style="border-bottom: 1px dashed;">226–227 <a href="#cite_note-286">[275]</a><a href="#cite_note-287">[276]</a><a href="#cite_note-288">[277]</a><a href="#cite_note-289">[278]</a>: <span title="Page / location: 289
Quotation: "The third trope concerns capitalism and market competition, while the latter three consider another aspect of global Islamophobic discourses, namely that there is a plot to spread Islam around the world through population growth, or so-called Demographic Jihad. This in turn can be divided into three subfields according to the means by which Muslims are claimed to use in their Demographic Jihad to eradicate Buddhism: 'Birth Jihad', 'Rape Jihad', and 'Love Jihad'."" class="tooltip tooltip-dashed" style="border-bottom: 1px dashed;">289  </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrohl2018" class="citation journal cs1">Strohl, David James (11 October 2018). "Love jihad in India's moral imaginaries: religion, kinship, and citizenship in late liberalism". Contemporary South Asia. 27 (1). Routledge: 27–39. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09584935.2018.1528209">10.1080/09584935.2018.1528209</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0958-4935">0958-4935</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149838857">149838857</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contemporary+South+Asia&rft.atitle=Love+jihad+in+India%27s+moral+imaginaries%3A+religion%2C+kinship%2C+and+citizenship+in+late+liberalism&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E27-%3C%2Fspan%3E39&rft.date=2018-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A149838857%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0958-4935&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09584935.2018.1528209&rft.aulast=Strohl&rft.aufirst=David+James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNairVollhardt2019" class="citation journal cs1">Nair, Rashmi; Vollhardt, Johanna Ray (6 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332904170">"Intersectional Consciousness in Collective Victim Beliefs: Perceived Intragroup Differences Among Disadvantaged Groups"</a>. Political Psychology. 40 (5). Wiley: 2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fpops.12593">10.1111/pops.12593</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:164693982">164693982</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240419133532/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332904170_Intersectional_Consciousness_in_Collective_Victim_Beliefs_Perceived_Intragroup_Differences_Among_Disadvantaged_Groups">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2024. Retrieved 19 September 2020 – via ResearchGate. <q>Muslims form about 15% of India's population and have suffered severe marginalization in education and employment, since the partition of Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Pakistan in 1947 (Alam, 2010). They have since faced recurrent riots (Varshney, 2003). 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Retrieved 5 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Kashmir+city+on+lockdown+after+calls+for+protest+march&rft.date=2019-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Faug%2F23%2Fkashmir-city-srinagar-india-lockdown-calls-protest-march&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-322"><a href="#cite_ref-322">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-49294301">"Inside Kashmir's lockdown: 'Even I will pick up a gun'"</a>. BBC. 10 August 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025205015/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-49294301">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Inside+Kashmir%27s+lockdown%3A+%27Even+I+will+pick+up+a+gun%27&rft.date=2019-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-india-49294301&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-323"><a href="#cite_ref-323">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-kashmir-detentions/thousands-detained-in-indian-kashmir-crackdown-official-data-reveals-idUSKCN1VX142">"Thousands detained in Indian Kashmir crackdown, official data reveals"</a>. 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Retrieved 5 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Thousands+detained+in+Indian+Kashmir+crackdown%2C+official+data+reveals&rft.date=2019-09-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-india-kashmir-detentions%2Fthousands-detained-in-indian-kashmir-crackdown-official-data-reveals-idUSKCN1VX142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHannah_Ellis-Petersen2024" class="citation news cs1">Hannah Ellis-Petersen (22 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/22/narendra-modi-accused-of-stirring-tensions-as-voting-in-india-continues">"Narendra Modi accused of stirring tensions as voting in India continues"</a>. The Guardian. 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Retrieved 24 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Modi+Calls+Muslims+%27Infiltrators%27+Who+Would+Take+India%27s+Wealth&rft.date=2024-04-22&rft.au=Alex+Travelli&rft.au=Suhasini+Raj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F04%2F22%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fmodi-speech-muslims.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-326"><a href="#cite_ref-326">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/never-said-hindu-or-muslim-pm-narendra-modi-on-those-who-have-more-children-remark-5666246">""I Never Said Hindu Or Muslim, I Talked About...": PM Modi"</a>. 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Retrieved 15 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NDTV.com&rft.atitle=%22I+Never+Said+Hindu+Or+Muslim%2C+I+Talked+About...%22%3A+PM+Modi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Findia-news%2Fnever-said-hindu-or-muslim-pm-narendra-modi-on-those-who-have-more-children-remark-5666246&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-327"><a href="#cite_ref-327">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/i-will-not-do-hindu-muslim-pm-narendra-modi-amid-infiltrators-row-congress-manifesto-lok-sabha-elections-2024-101715743369272.html">"'I will not do Hindu-Muslim': PM Narendra Modi amid 'infiltrators' row"</a>. 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Retrieved 15 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=%27I+will+not+do+Hindu-Muslim%27%3A+PM+Narendra+Modi+amid+%27infiltrators%27+row&rft.date=2024-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia-news%2Fi-will-not-do-hindu-muslim-pm-narendra-modi-amid-infiltrators-row-congress-manifesto-lok-sabha-elections-2024-101715743369272.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-328"><a href="#cite_ref-328">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nenow.in/lok-sabha-election-2024/pm-modi-denies-hindu-muslim-reference-in-election-campaign-speeches-fact-check-reveals-otherwise.html">"PM Modi denies Hindu-Muslim reference in election campaign speeches: Fact-check reveals otherwise"</a>. 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Here's what he said"</a>. India Today. 26 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230828062356/https://www.indiatoday.in/business/story/exclusive-pm-modi-global-framework-cryptocurrency-here-what-he-said-2426908-2023-08-26">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2023. 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Retrieved 15 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=Rajkot+II+by-elections%3A+Narendra+Modi+pushes+his+own+image+as+a+rising+star+of+BJP&rft.date=2002-02-25&rft.aulast=Mahurkar&rft.aufirst=Uday&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Fmagazine%2Fnation%2Fstory%2F20020225-narendra-modi-pushes-his-own-image-as-a-rising-star-of-bjp-795944-2002-02-25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarino201498Bal_Narendra201467–69-551"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarino201498Bal_Narendra201467–69_551-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarino2014">Marino 2014</a>, pp. 98 sfnm error: no target: CITEREFMarino2014 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>); <a href="#CITEREFBal_Narendra2014">Bal Narendra 2014</a>, pp. 67–69 sfnm error: no target: CITEREFBal_Narendra2014 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-552"><a href="#cite_ref-552">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhatt2007" class="citation web cs1">Bhatt, Sheela (27 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rediff.com/news/2007/nov/27gujpoll1.htm">"Union minister Dinsha Patel to take on Modi in Maninagar"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rediff" class="mw-redirect" title="Rediff">Rediff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035902/https://www.rediff.com/news/2007/nov/27gujpoll1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016. 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Retrieved 15 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Varanasi+Election+Result+2019%3A+PM+Modi%27+Varanasi+is+the+star+constituency&rft.date=2019-05-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Fconstituency-watch%2Fmay-10-lok-sabha-2019-constituency-pm-modi-is-the-sitting-mp-from-ups-varanasi%2Fstory-AOwwWeUUmyrgpI90ChDYQP.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-555"><a href="#cite_ref-555">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240727153249/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/bullish-wins-bearish-losses-here-are-the-key-contests-of-2024-lok-sabha-results/articleshow/110713130.cms">"Bullish Wins & Bearish Losses: Here are the key contests and results of 2024 Lok Sabha polls"</a>. Economic Times. 6 June 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/bullish-wins-bearish-losses-here-are-the-key-contests-of-2024-lok-sabha-results/articleshow/110713130.cms">the original</a> on 27 July 2024. Retrieved 27 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Bullish+Wins+%26+Bearish+Losses%3A+Here+are+the+key+contests+and+results+of+2024+Lok+Sabha+polls&rft.date=2024-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Felections%2Flok-sabha%2Findia%2Fbullish-wins-bearish-losses-here-are-the-key-contests-of-2024-lok-sabha-results%2Farticleshow%2F110713130.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-556"><a href="#cite_ref-556">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha/story/varanasi-lok-sabha-election-results-2024-live-updates-pm-narendra-modi-ajai-rai-bjp-nda-congress-india-bloc-2548670-2024-06-04">"Varanasi Lok Sabha Election Results 2024: PM Modi wins Varanasi seat for 3rd consecutive time, defeats Congress's Ajay Rai"</a>. 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Retrieved 20 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Caravan&rft.atitle=Narendra+Modi+on+MS+Golwalkar%2C+translated+by+Aakar+Patel+%E2%80%93+Part+1&rft.date=2014-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caravanmagazine.in%2Fvantage%2Fmodi-golwalkar-part-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-558"><a href="#cite_ref-558">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/jyotipunj-narendra-modi-writes-on-my-organisation-my-leaders/articleshow/2936428.cms">"Jyotipunj: Narendra Modi writes on 'my organisation, my leaders'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economic_Times" title="The Economic Times">The Economic Times</a>. 9 April 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150621040809/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-04-09/news/27702974_1_rss-workers-pracharak-rss-leaders">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Jyotipunj%3A+Narendra+Modi+writes+on+%27my+organisation%2C+my+leaders%27&rft.date=2008-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics-and-nation%2Fjyotipunj-narendra-modi-writes-on-my-organisation-my-leaders%2Farticleshow%2F2936428.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-559"><a href="#cite_ref-559">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/navratri-2023-garbo-song-trends-lyrics-by-prime-minister-narendra-modi/article67419990.ece">"PM Narendra Modi unveils new Garba song penned by him, Maadi"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. 14 October 2023. 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Retrieved 1 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Grammy.com&rft.atitle=2024+Grammys%3A+See+The+Full+Winners+%26+Nominees+List&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grammy.com%2Fnews%2F2024-grammys-nominations-full-winners-nominees-list&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-562"><a href="#cite_ref-562">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/song-featuring-pm-narendra-modi-nominated-for-grammy-awards-4565922">"Song Featuring PM Modi Nominated For Grammy Awards"</a>. NDTV.com. 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Rannade Prakashan. 2014. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-83923-78-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-83923-78-6"><bdi>978-93-83923-78-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bal+Narendra%3A+Childhood+Stories+of+Narendra+Modi&rft.pub=Rannade+Prakashan&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-93-83923-78-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DotDdrQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNatarajan_and_Pooja2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Natarajan_Chandrasekaran" title="Natarajan Chandrasekaran">Chandrasekaran, Natarajan</a>; Purushottam, Roopa (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J3axDwAAQBAJ">Bridgital Nation (Solving Technology's People Problem)</a>. Mumbai, India: Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789353056360" title="Special:BookSources/9789353056360"><bdi>9789353056360</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1124852952">1124852952</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bridgital+Nation+%28Solving+Technology%27s+People+Problem%29&rft.place=Mumbai%2C+India&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1124852952&rft.isbn=9789353056360&rft.aulast=Chandrasekaran&rft.aufirst=Natarajan&rft.au=Purushottam%2C+Roopa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ3axDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuha2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ramachandra_Guha" title="Ramachandra Guha">Guha, Ramachandra</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fB49up3Z0TkC&q=India+After+Gandhi:+The+History+of+the+World%27s+Largest+Democracy">India After Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy</a>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">Harper Perennial</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-095858-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-095858-9"><bdi>978-0-06-095858-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+After+Gandhi%3A+The+History+of+the+World%27s+Largest+Democracy&rft.pub=Harper+Perennial&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-06-095858-9&rft.aulast=Guha&rft.aufirst=Ramachandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfB49up3Z0TkC%26q%3DIndia%2BAfter%2BGandhi%3A%2BThe%2BHistory%2Bof%2Bthe%2BWorld%2527s%2BLargest%2BDemocracy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGupta2019" class="citation journal cs1">Gupta, Surupa; Mullen, Rani D; Basrur, Rajesh; Hall, Ian; Blarel, Nicolas; Pardesi, Manjeet S; Ganguly, Sumit (1 February 2019). "Indian Foreign Policy under Modi: A New Brand or Just Repackaging?". International Studies Perspectives. 20 (1): 1–45. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fisp%2Feky008">10.1093/isp/eky008</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10072%2F386057">10072/386057</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Studies+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Indian+Foreign+Policy+under+Modi%3A+A+New+Brand+or+Just+Repackaging%3F&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E45&rft.date=2019-02-01&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10072%2F386057&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fisp%2Feky008&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.aufirst=Surupa&rft.au=Mullen%2C+Rani+D&rft.au=Basrur%2C+Rajesh&rft.au=Hall%2C+Ian&rft.au=Blarel%2C+Nicolas&rft.au=Pardesi%2C+Manjeet+S&rft.au=Ganguly%2C+Sumit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall2016" class="citation journal cs1">Hall, Ian (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00358533.2016.1180760?journalCode=ctrt20">"Multialignment and Indian Foreign Policy under Narendra Modi"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Round_Table_(journal)" title="The Round Table (journal)">The Round Table</a>. 105 (3): 271–286. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00358533.2016.1180760">10.1080/00358533.2016.1180760</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:156737878">156737878</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Round+Table&rft.atitle=Multialignment+and+Indian+Foreign+Policy+under+Narendra+Modi&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E271-%3C%2Fspan%3E286&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00358533.2016.1180760&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A156737878%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F00358533.2016.1180760%3FjournalCode%3Dctrt20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall2020" class="citation journal cs1">Hall, Ian (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09700161.2020.1784679?journalCode=rsan20">"Modi and the Reinvention of Indian Foreign Policy"</a>. Strategic Analysis. 44 (3): 282–284. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09700161.2020.1784679">10.1080/09700161.2020.1784679</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:222003451">222003451</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Strategic+Analysis&rft.atitle=Modi+and+the+Reinvention+of+Indian+Foreign+Policy&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E282-%3C%2Fspan%3E284&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09700161.2020.1784679&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A222003451%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F09700161.2020.1784679%3FjournalCode%3Drsan20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJainE2018" class="citation journal cs1">Jain, Varsha; E, Ganesh B (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/15377857.2019.1652222">"Understanding the Magic of Credibility for Political Leaders: A Case of India and Narendra Modi"</a>. Journal of Political Marketing. 19 (1–2): 15–33. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15377857.2019.1652222">10.1080/15377857.2019.1652222</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1537-7857">1537-7857</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:202247610">202247610</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Political+Marketing&rft.atitle=Understanding+the+Magic+of+Credibility+for+Political+Leaders%3A+A+Case+of+India+and+Narendra+Modi&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E15-%3C%2Fspan%3E33&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A202247610%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1537-7857&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F15377857.2019.1652222&rft.aulast=Jain&rft.aufirst=Varsha&rft.au=E%2C+Ganesh+B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F15377857.2019.1652222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKochanekHardgrave2007" class="citation book cs1">Kochanek, Stanley A.; Hardgrave, Robert L. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pSyRgcSQhuIC">India: Government and Politics in a Developing Nation</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cengage_Learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Cengage Learning">Cengage Learning</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-495-00749-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-495-00749-4"><bdi>978-0-495-00749-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%3A+Government+and+Politics+in+a+Developing+Nation&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-495-00749-4&rft.aulast=Kochanek&rft.aufirst=Stanley+A.&rft.au=Hardgrave%2C+Robert+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpSyRgcSQhuIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadan2020" class="citation book cs1">Madan, Tanvi (29 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PmrLDwAAQBAJ&q=Books+on+premiership+of+Narendra+Modi">Fateful Triangle: How China Shaped US-India Relations During the Cold War</a>. Penguin Random House India Private Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-5305-756-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-5305-756-5"><bdi>978-93-5305-756-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fateful+Triangle%3A+How+China+Shaped+US-India+Relations+During+the+Cold+War&rft.pub=Penguin+Random+House+India+Private+Limited&rft.date=2020-01-29&rft.isbn=978-93-5305-756-5&rft.aulast=Madan&rft.aufirst=Tanvi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPmrLDwAAQBAJ%26q%3DBooks%2Bon%2Bpremiership%2Bof%2BNarendra%2BModi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarino2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andy_Marino_(British_writer)" title="Andy Marino (British writer)">Marino, Andy</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3ylIAwAAQBAJ">Narendra Modi: A Political Biography</a>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins_Publishers_India" class="mw-redirect" title="HarperCollins Publishers India">HarperCollins Publishers India</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-5136-218-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-5136-218-0"><bdi>978-93-5136-218-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Narendra+Modi%3A+A+Political+Biography&rft.pub=HarperCollins+Publishers+India&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-93-5136-218-0&rft.aulast=Marino&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3ylIAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMukhopadhyay2013" class="citation book cs1">Mukhopadhyay, Nilanjan (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q2_3rQEACAAJ&q=Narendra+Modi:+The+Man,+The+Times">Narendra Modi: The Man, The Times</a>. <a href="/wiki/Amazon_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon India">Westland</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9-789-383-26048-5" title="Special:BookSources/9-789-383-26048-5"><bdi>9-789-383-26048-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/837527591">837527591</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Narendra+Modi%3A+The+Man%2C+The+Times&rft.pub=Westland&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F837527591&rft.isbn=9-789-383-26048-5&rft.aulast=Mukhopadhyay&rft.aufirst=Nilanjan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq2_3rQEACAAJ%26q%3DNarendra%2BModi%3A%2BThe%2BMan%2C%2BThe%2BTimes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahurkar2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Uday_Mahurkar" title="Uday Mahurkar">Mahurkar, Uday</a> (26 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BJ4kDwAAQBAJ&q=doi+on+premiership+of+Narendra+Modi">Marching with a Billion: Analysing Narendra Modi's Government at Midterm</a>. Random House Publishers India Pvt. Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-86495-84-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-86495-84-6"><bdi>978-93-86495-84-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marching+with+a+Billion%3A+Analysing+Narendra+Modi%27s+Government+at+Midterm&rft.pub=Random+House+Publishers+India+Pvt.+Limited&rft.date=2017-05-26&rft.isbn=978-93-86495-84-6&rft.aulast=Mahurkar&rft.aufirst=Uday&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBJ4kDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Ddoi%2Bon%2Bpremiership%2Bof%2BNarendra%2BModi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanda2016" class="citation journal cs1">Panda, Jaganath P. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F17516234.2016.1165444">"Narendra Modi and his mode of governance"</a>. Journal of Asian Public Policy. 9 (2): 95–97. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F17516234.2016.1165444">10.1080/17516234.2016.1165444</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1751-6234">1751-6234</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:155201252">155201252</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Asian+Public+Policy&rft.atitle=Narendra+Modi+and+his+mode+of+governance&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E95-%3C%2Fspan%3E97&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A155201252%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1751-6234&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F17516234.2016.1165444&rft.aulast=Panda&rft.aufirst=Jaganath+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F17516234.2016.1165444&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRao2020" class="citation journal cs1">Rao, Shakuntala (2 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10714421.2020.1829306">"Narendra Modi's social media election campaign and India's delegative democracy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Communication_Review" title="The Communication Review">The Communication Review</a>. 23 (3): 223–241. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10714421.2020.1829306">10.1080/10714421.2020.1829306</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1071-4421">1071-4421</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:224981212">224981212</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Communication+Review&rft.atitle=Narendra+Modi%27s+social+media+election+campaign+and+India%27s+delegative+democracy&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E223-%3C%2Fspan%3E241&rft.date=2020-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A224981212%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1071-4421&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10714421.2020.1829306&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=Shakuntala&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F10714421.2020.1829306&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChatterjee2020" class="citation journal cs1">Chatterjee, Ankita (1 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14746689.2020.1815450">"Humour in Narendra Modi memes on new media"</a>. South Asian Popular Culture. 18 (3): 227–245. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14746689.2020.1815450">10.1080/14746689.2020.1815450</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1474-6689">1474-6689</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:222214793">222214793</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+Asian+Popular+Culture&rft.atitle=Humour+in+Narendra+Modi+memes+on+new+media&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E227-%3C%2Fspan%3E245&rft.date=2020-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A222214793%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1474-6689&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14746689.2020.1815450&rft.aulast=Chatterjee&rft.aufirst=Ankita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F14746689.2020.1815450&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGokhale2017" class="citation book cs1">Gokhale, Nitin A. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3pZADwAAQBAJ&q=narendra+modi">Securing India The Modi Way: Pathankot, Surgical Strikes and More</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-86643-88-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-86643-88-9"><bdi>978-93-86643-88-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Securing+India+The+Modi+Way%3A+Pathankot%2C+Surgical+Strikes+and+More&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-93-86643-88-9&rft.aulast=Gokhale&rft.aufirst=Nitin+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3pZADwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dnarendra%2Bmodi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Hall, Ian. Modi and the reinvention of Indian foreign policy (Bristol University Press, 2019) 221pp.</li> <li>Jaffrelot, Christophe. "Narendra Modi between Hindutva and subnationalism: the Gujarati asmita of a Hindu Hriday Samrat." India Review 15.2 (2016): 196–217.</li> <li>Jaffrelot, Christophe. Modi's India: Hindu nationalism and the rise of ethnic democracy (Princeton University Press, 2019)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJainB._E.2018" class="citation journal cs1">Jain, Varsha; B. E., Ganesh (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/15377857.2019.1652222">"Understanding the Magic of Credibility for Political Leaders: A Case of India and Narendra Modi"</a>. Journal of Political Marketing. 19 (1–2): 15–33. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15377857.2019.1652222">10.1080/15377857.2019.1652222</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1537-7857">1537-7857</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:202247610">202247610</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Political+Marketing&rft.atitle=Understanding+the+Magic+of+Credibility+for+Political+Leaders%3A+A+Case+of+India+and+Narendra+Modi&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E15-%3C%2Fspan%3E33&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A202247610%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1537-7857&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F15377857.2019.1652222&rft.aulast=Jain&rft.aufirst=Varsha&rft.au=B.+E.%2C+Ganesh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F15377857.2019.1652222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamathRanderi2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/M._V._Kamath" title="M. V. Kamath">Kamath, M. V.</a>; Randeri, Kalindi (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fkHjngEACAAJ">The Man of the Moment: Narendra Modi</a>. Wide Canvas. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-259-6838-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-259-6838-7"><bdi>978-93-259-6838-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1000812046">1000812046</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Man+of+the+Moment%3A+Narendra+Modi&rft.pub=Wide+Canvas&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1000812046&rft.isbn=978-93-259-6838-7&rft.aulast=Kamath&rft.aufirst=M.+V.&rft.au=Randeri%2C+Kalindi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfkHjngEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKanrad2018" class="citation book cs1">Kanrad, Bharat (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QoxmDwAAQBAJ">Staggering Forward: Narendra Modi and India's Global Ambition</a>. <a href="/wiki/Viking_(publisher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking (publisher)">Viking Publishers</a>. pp. 2–541. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789353051952" title="Special:BookSources/9789353051952"><bdi>9789353051952</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Staggering+Forward%3A+Narendra+Modi+and+India%27s+Global+Ambition&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2-%3C%2Fspan%3E541&rft.pub=Viking+Publishers&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9789353051952&rft.aulast=Kanrad&rft.aufirst=Bharat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQoxmDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Kaul, Nitasha. "Rise of the political right in India: Hindutva-development mix, Modi myth, and dualities." Journal of Labor and Society 20.4 (2017): 523-548. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/download/74aa973779543b6c3eaa7fa9c2efe2110048da63058d4e66fd4efd992b603d0c/176191/NK%20JLS%20Final.pdf">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKomireddi2019" class="citation book cs1">Komireddi, K. S. (31 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pAulDwAAQBAJ&q=Books+on+premiership+of+Narendra+Modi">Malevolent Republic: A Short History of the New India</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78738-294-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78738-294-7"><bdi>978-1-78738-294-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Malevolent+Republic%3A+A+Short+History+of+the+New+India&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2019-07-31&rft.isbn=978-1-78738-294-7&rft.aulast=Komireddi&rft.aufirst=K.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpAulDwAAQBAJ%26q%3DBooks%2Bon%2Bpremiership%2Bof%2BNarendra%2BModi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Mahurkar, Uday. Centrestage: inside the Narendra Modi model of governance (Random House India, 2014).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaiorano2015" class="citation journal cs1">Maiorano, Diego (3 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/03932729.2015.1024511">"Early Trends and Prospects for Modi's Prime Ministership"</a>. The International Spectator. 50 (2): 75–92. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03932729.2015.1024511">10.1080/03932729.2015.1024511</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0393-2729">0393-2729</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:155228179">155228179</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+Spectator&rft.atitle=Early+Trends+and+Prospects+for+Modi%27s+Prime+Ministership&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E75-%3C%2Fspan%3E92&rft.date=2015-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A155228179%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0393-2729&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03932729.2015.1024511&rft.aulast=Maiorano&rft.aufirst=Diego&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F03932729.2015.1024511&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohan2015" class="citation book cs1">Mohan, C. Raja (1 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oRXmCQAAQBAJ">Modi's World: Expanding India's Sphere of Influence</a>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins_Publishers_India" class="mw-redirect" title="HarperCollins Publishers India">HarperCollins Publishers India</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-5177-206-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-5177-206-4"><bdi>978-93-5177-206-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modi%27s+World%3A+Expanding+India%27s+Sphere+of+Influence&rft.pub=HarperCollins+Publishers+India&rft.date=2015-06-01&rft.isbn=978-93-5177-206-4&rft.aulast=Mohan&rft.aufirst=C.+Raja&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoRXmCQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Price, Lance. The Modi Effect – Inside Narendra Modi's Campaign To Transform India (2015)</li> <li>Sardesai, Rajdeep, et al. 2019: How Modi Won India (2019)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchakelSharmaSwenden2019" class="citation journal cs1">Schakel, Arjan H.; Sharma, Chanchal Kumar; Swenden, Wilfried (27 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13597566.2019.1614921">"India after the 2014 general elections: BJP dominance and the crisis of the third party system"</a>. Regional & Federal Studies. 29 (3): 329–354. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13597566.2019.1614921">10.1080/13597566.2019.1614921</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11820%2F9018a8ee-2771-4e06-9b96-f0461c410e2f">20.500.11820/9018a8ee-2771-4e06-9b96-f0461c410e2f</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1359-7566">1359-7566</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:182486831">182486831</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regional+%26+Federal+Studies&rft.atitle=India+after+the+2014+general+elections%3A+BJP+dominance+and+the+crisis+of+the+third+party+system&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E329-%3C%2Fspan%3E354&rft.date=2019-05-27&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F20.500.11820%2F9018a8ee-2771-4e06-9b96-f0461c410e2f&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A182486831%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1359-7566&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13597566.2019.1614921&rft.aulast=Schakel&rft.aufirst=Arjan+H.&rft.au=Sharma%2C+Chanchal+Kumar&rft.au=Swenden%2C+Wilfried&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F13597566.2019.1614921&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSen2016" class="citation journal cs1">Sen, Ronojoy (3 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17516234.2016.1165248">"Narendra Modi's makeover and the politics of symbolism"</a>. Journal of Asian Public Policy. 9 (2): 98–111. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F17516234.2016.1165248">10.1080/17516234.2016.1165248</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1751-6234">1751-6234</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:155130008">155130008</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Asian+Public+Policy&rft.atitle=Narendra+Modi%27s+makeover+and+the+politics+of+symbolism&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E98-%3C%2Fspan%3E111&rft.date=2016-05-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A155130008%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1751-6234&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F17516234.2016.1165248&rft.aulast=Sen&rft.aufirst=Ronojoy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F17516234.2016.1165248&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarendra+Modi" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Waikar, Prashant. "Reading Islamophobia in Hindutva: an analysis of Narendra Modi's political discourse." Islamophobia Studies Journal (2018).</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/40px-Scholia_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/60px-Scholia_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/80px-Scholia_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="107" data-file-height="104" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Scholia" class="extiw" title="d:Wikidata:Scholia">Scholia</a> has a profile for <a href="https://iw.toolforge.org/scholia/Q1058" class="extiw" title="toolforge:scholia/Q1058">Narendra Modi (Q1058)</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about Narendra Modi <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=viaf&su=95532763">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=viaf&su=95532763&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.narendramodi.in">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=4589">Profile on Lok Sabha website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no2002016337/">Narendra Modi</a> in libraries (<a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a> catalog)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dnaindia.com/topic/prime-minister-narendra-modi">Narendra Modi</a> at <a href="/wiki/DNA_India" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA India">DNA India</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/narendra-modi">Narendra Modi</a> collected news and commentary at <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/person/narendra-modi/index.html">Narendra Modi</a> collected news and commentary at <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm5177533/">Narendra Modi</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?99032">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Keshubhai_Patel" title="Keshubhai Patel">Keshubhai Patel</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chief_Ministers_of_Gujarat" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chief Ministers of Gujarat">Chief Minister of Gujarat</a> 2001–2014 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Anandiben_Patel" title="Anandiben Patel">Anandiben Patel</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a> 2014–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Incumbent </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly" title="Gujarat Legislative Assembly">Gujarat Legislative Assembly</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Vajubhai_Vala" title="Vajubhai Vala">Vajubhai Vala</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_(India)" title="Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)">Member of the Legislative Assembly</a> for <a href="/wiki/Rajkot_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajkot West">Rajkot II</a> 2002–2002 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Vajubhai_Vala" title="Vajubhai Vala">Vajubhai Vala</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Kamlesh_Patel_(politician)" title="Kamlesh Patel (politician)">Kamlesh Patel</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_(India)" title="Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)">Member of the Legislative Assembly</a> for <a href="/wiki/Maninagar_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maninagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Maninagar</a> 2002–2014 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Suresh_Patel" title="Suresh Patel">Suresh Patel</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Murli_Manohar_Joshi" title="Murli Manohar Joshi">Murli Manohar Joshi</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Lok_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Varanasi_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)">Varanasi</a> 2014–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Incumbent </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sushilkumar_Shinde" title="Sushilkumar Shinde">Sushilkumar Shinde</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_in_Lok_Sabha" title="Leader of the House in Lok Sabha">Leader of the House</a> 2014–present </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FACEFF;">Diplomatic posts </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/BRICS#Summits" title="BRICS">Leader of BRICS Summit</a> 2016 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan"><img alt="Uzbekistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Shavkat_Mirziyoyev" title="Shavkat Mirziyoyev">Shavkat Mirziyoyev</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Head of <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">SCO Summit</a> 30 November 2020 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan"><img alt="Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kassym-Jomart_Tokayev" title="Kassym-Jomart Tokayev">Kassym-Jomart Tokayev</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/BRICS#Summits" title="BRICS">Leader of BRICS Summit</a> 2021 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Joko_Widodo" title="Joko Widodo">Joko Widodo</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Chairperson of the <a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">Group of 20</a> 2023 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Premiership_of_Narendra_Modi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Premiership of Narendra Modi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=India&#124;alt=India_Premiership_of_Narendra_Modi920" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Narendra_Modi" title="Premiership of Narendra Modi">Premiership</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Narendra Modi</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Narendra_Modi" title="Premiership of Narendra Modi">Premiership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Narendra_Modi_premiership" title="Timeline of the Narendra Modi premiership">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Modi_ministry" title="First Modi ministry">First ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Modi_ministry" title="Second Modi ministry">Second ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Modi_ministry" title="Third Modi ministry">Third ministry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Campaigns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campaigning_in_the_2014_Indian_general_election" title="Campaigning in the 2014 Indian general election">2014 elections primaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party_campaign_for_the_2014_Indian_general_election" title="Bharatiya Janata Party campaign for the 2014 Indian general election">2014 campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achhe_Din_Aane_Waale_Hain" title="Achhe Din Aane Waale Hain">Achhe Din Aane Waale Hain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election#Campaigning" title="2019 Indian general election">2019 elections primaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party_campaign_for_the_2019_Indian_general_election" title="Bharatiya Janata Party campaign for the 2019 Indian general election">2019 campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Bhi_Chowkidar" title="Main Bhi Chowkidar">Main Bhi Chowkidar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Indian_general_election#Campaigning" title="2024 Indian general election">2024 elections primaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party_campaign_for_the_2024_Indian_general_election" title="Bharatiya Janata Party campaign for the 2024 Indian general election">2024 campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abki_Baar_400_Paar" class="mw-redirect" title="Abki Baar 400 Paar">Abki Baar 400 Paar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi,_in_New_Delhi_on_August_08,_2019_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_August_08%2C_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_August_08%2C_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_August_08%2C_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_August_08%2C_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_August_08%2C_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_August_08%2C_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1018" data-file-height="1307" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/100px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/150px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/200px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_schemes_of_the_government_of_India" title="List of schemes of the government of India">National policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Social welfare policy and rural schemes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Adarsh_Gram_Yojana" title="Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana">Adarsh Gram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deen_Dayal_Upadhyaya_Antyodaya_Yojana" title="Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Antyodaya Yojana">Antyodaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Awas_Yojana" title="Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana">Awas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beti_Bachao_Beti_Padhao" title="Beti Bachao Beti Padhao">Beti Bachao Beti Padhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bhujal_Yojana" title="Atal Bhujal Yojana">Bhujal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Common_Mobility_Card" title="National Common Mobility Card">Common Mobility Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DD_Kisan" title="DD Kisan">DD Kisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_Efficient_Lighting_Programme" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic Efficient Lighting Programme">DELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Indian_agriculture_acts" title="2020 Indian agriculture acts">Farm reforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Fasal_Bima_Yojana" title="Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana">Fasal Bima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Garib_Kalyan_Anna_Yojana" title="Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana">Garib Kalyan Anna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garib_Kalyan_Rojgar_Abhiyaan" title="Garib Kalyan Rojgar Abhiyaan">Garib Kalyan Rojgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deen_Dayal_Upadhyaya_Gram_Jyoti_Yojana" title="Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana">Gram Jyoti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Gram_Sadak_Yojana" title="Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana">Gram Sadak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Gramin_Awas_Yojana" title="Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awas Yojana">Gramin Awas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jal_Jeevan_Mission" title="Jal Jeevan Mission">Har Ghar Jal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_City_Development_and_Augmentation_Yojana" title="Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana">HRIDAY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Awas_Yojana" title="Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana">Housing for All</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeevan_Pramaan" title="Jeevan Pramaan">Jeevan Pramaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmer_Income_Protection_Scheme_(PM_AASHA)" title="Farmer Income Protection Scheme (PM AASHA)">Farmer Income Protection Scheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Kaushal_Vikas_Yojana" title="Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana">Kaushal Vikas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Kisan_Samman_Nidhi" title="Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi">Kisan Samman Nidhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Krishi_Sinchai_Yojana" title="Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana">Krishi Sinchai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Matsya_Sampada_Yojana" title="Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana">Matsya Sampada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Infrastructure_Pipeline" title="National Infrastructure Pipeline">National Infrastructure Pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netcare_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Netcare System">Netcare System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Mitra_scheme" title="Police Mitra scheme">Police Mitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Pravasi_Suraksha_Yojana" title="Mahatma Gandhi Pravasi Suraksha Yojana">Pravasi Suraksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansad_Adarsh_Gram_Yojana" title="Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana">Sansad Adarsh Gram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saubhagya_scheme" title="Saubhagya scheme">Saubhagya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_Narmada_Avtaran_Irrigation" title="Saurashtra Narmada Avtaran Irrigation">Saurashtra Narmada Avtaran Irrigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Shram_Yogi_Mandhan" title="Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Mandhan">Shram Yogi Mandhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soil_Health_Card_Scheme" title="Soil Health Card Scheme">Soil Health Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukanya_Samriddhi_Account" title="Sukanya Samriddhi Account">Sukanya Samriddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UDAN" title="UDAN">UDAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujwal_DISCOM_Assurance_Yojana" title="Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana">UDAY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udyog_Aadhaar" title="Udyog Aadhaar">Udyog Aadhaar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unnat_Jyoti_by_Affordable_LEDs_for_All" title="Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All">UJALA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Ujjwala_Yojana" title="Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana">Ujjwala</a></li></ul></li> <li>Economic policy and financial reforms <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BHIM" title="BHIM">BHIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Indian_banknote_demonetisation" title="2016 Indian banknote demonetisation">Banknote demonetisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banks_Board_Bureau" title="Banks Board Bureau">Banks Board Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Company_Law_Appellate_Tribunal" title="National Company Law Appellate Tribunal">Company Law Appellate Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Company_Law_Tribunal" title="National Company Law Tribunal">Company Law Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expenditure_Management_Commission" title="Expenditure Management Commission">Expenditure Management Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goods_and_Services_Tax_(India)" title="Goods and Services Tax (India)">GST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Garib_Kalyan_Yojana" title="Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana">Garib Kalyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_declaration_scheme,_2016" title="Income declaration scheme, 2016">Income declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JAM_Yojana" title="JAM Yojana">JAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Jan_Dhan_Yojana" title="Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana">Jan Dhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Jeevan_Jyoti_Bima_Yojana" title="Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana">Jeevan Jyoti Bima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro_Units_Development_and_Refinance_Agency_Bank" title="Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency Bank">MUDRA Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Mudra_Yojana" class="mw-redirect" title="Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana">Mudra loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_New_Series" title="Mahatma Gandhi New Series">New banknotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Pension_Yojana" title="Atal Pension Yojana">Pension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Suraksha_Bima_Yojana" title="Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana">Suraksha Bima</a></li></ul></li> <li>Domestic policy and administration <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revocation_of_the_special_status_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir">Abrogation of Article 370 and 35A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932021_Jammu_and_Kashmir_lockdown" title="2019–2021 Jammu and Kashmir lockdown">lockdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Indian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuations_by_India_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Evacuations by India related to the COVID-19 pandemic">evacuations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdown_in_India" title="COVID-19 lockdown in India">lockdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_India" title="COVID-19 vaccination in India">vaccination</a></li></ul></li> <li>Defence policy and national security <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Defence_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of Defence Staff (India)">Chief of Defence Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_War_Memorial_(India)" title="National War Memorial (India)">National War Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Rank,_One_Pension" title="One Rank, One Pension">One Rank, One Pension</a></li></ul></li> <li>Health policy and medical schemes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aarogya_Setu" title="Aarogya Setu">Aarogya Setu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Institute_of_Ayurveda,_Delhi" title="All India Institute of Ayurveda, Delhi">All India Institute of Ayurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayushman_Bharat_Yojana" title="Ayushman Bharat Yojana">Ayushman Bharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Bharatiya_Janaushadhi_Pariyojana" title="Pradhan Mantri Bharatiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana">Bharatiya Janaushadhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Matri_Vandana_Yojana" title="Pradhan Mantri Matri Vandana Yojana">Matri Vandana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Endeavor_for_Health_and_Telemedicine" title="Social Endeavor for Health and Telemedicine">SEHAT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Education_Policy_2020" title="National Education Policy 2020">Education policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EPathshala" title="EPathshala">ePathshala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institutional_Ranking_Framework" title="National Institutional Ranking Framework">National Institutional Ranking Framework</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saransh" title="Saransh">Saransh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidyanjali" title="Vidyanjali">Vidyanjali</a></li></ul></li> <li>National Biopharma Mission</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Laws <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Repealing_and_Amending_Act,_2015" title="Repealing and Amending Act, 2015">2015 Repealing and Amending Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repealing_and_Amending_(Second)_Act,_2015" title="Repealing and Amending (Second) Act, 2015">2015 Second Repealing and Amending Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repealing_and_Amending_Act,_2016" title="Repealing and Amending Act, 2016">2016 Repealing and Amending Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repealing_and_Amending_Act,_2017" title="Repealing and Amending Act, 2017">2017 Repealing and Amending Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repealing_and_Amending_(Second)_Act,_2017" title="Repealing and Amending (Second) Act, 2017">2017 Second Repealing and Amending Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repealing_and_Amending_Act,_2019" title="Repealing and Amending Act, 2019">2019 Repealing and Amending Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Hundred_and_Fourth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="One Hundred and Fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India">AI Reservation Abolition constitutional amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aadhaar_Act,_2016" title="Aadhaar Act, 2016">Aadhaar Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hijacking_Act,_2016" title="Anti-Hijacking Act, 2016">Anti-Hijacking Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appropriation_Acts_(Repeal)_Act,_2016" title="Appropriation Acts (Repeal) Act, 2016">Appropriations Repeal Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benami_Transactions_(Prohibition)_Act,_1988#Amendments" title="Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988">Benami Transactions Amendment Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Money_(Undisclosed_Foreign_Income_and_Assets)_and_Imposition_of_Tax_Act,_2015" title="Black Money (Undisclosed Foreign Income and Assets) and Imposition of Tax Act, 2015">Black Money Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_(Amendment)_Act,_2019" title="Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019">Citizenship Amendment Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_Amendment_Act_protests" title="Citizenship Amendment Act protests">protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compensatory_Afforestation_Fund_Act,_2016" title="Compensatory Afforestation Fund Act, 2016">Compensatory Afforestation Fund Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_Protection_Act,_2019" title="Consumer Protection Act, 2019">Consumer Protection Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu">DNH-DD Merger of Union Territories Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Hundred_and_Third_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="One Hundred and Third Amendment of the Constitution of India">EWS Reservation Constitutional amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enemy_Property_Act,_1968#Amendments:_Enemy_Property_(Amendment_and_Validation)_Act,_2017" title="Enemy Property Act, 1968">Enemy Property Amendment Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmers_(Empowerment_and_Protection)_Agreement_on_Price_Assurance_and_Farm_Services_Act,_2020" title="Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Act, 2020">Farmers' Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmers%27_Produce_Trade_and_Commerce_(Promotion_and_Facilitation)_Act,_2020" title="Farmers' Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Act, 2020">Farmers' Produce Trade and Commerce Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Contribution_(Regulation)_Act,_2010#Amendments" title="Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act, 2010">Foreign Contribution Regulation Amendment Act, 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugitive_Economic_Offenders_Act,_2018" title="Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018">Fugitive Economic Offenders Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Hundred_and_First_Amendment_to_the_Constitution_of_India" title="One Hundred and First Amendment to the Constitution of India">GST Constitutional amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Immunodeficiency_Virus_and_Acquired_Immune_Deficiency_Syndrome_(Prevention_and_Control)_Act,_2017" title="Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (Prevention and Control) Act, 2017">HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institutes_of_Management_Act,_2017" title="Indian Institutes of Management Act, 2017">Indian Institutes of Management Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insolvency_and_Bankruptcy_Code,_2016" title="Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016">Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Reorganisation_Act,_2019" title="Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019">Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juvenile_Justice_(Care_and_Protection_of_Children)_Act,_2015" title="Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015">Juvenile Justice Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maternity_Benefit_(Amendment)_Act,_2017" title="Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act, 2017">Maternity Benefit Amendment Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_Healthcare_Act,_2017" title="Mental Healthcare Act, 2017">Mental Healthcare Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_Tenancy_Act,_2019" title="Model Tenancy Act, 2019">Model Tenancy Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_Vehicles_Act#Motor_Vehicles_(Amendment)_Act,_2019" title="Motor Vehicles Act">Motor Vehicles Amendment Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Hundred_and_Second_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="One Hundred and Second Amendment of the Constitution of India">NCBC Constitutional amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Waterways_Act,_2016" title="National Waterways Act, 2016">National Waterways Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Estate_(Regulation_and_Development)_Act,_2016" title="Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016">Real Estate Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rights_of_Persons_with_Disabilities_Act,_2016" title="Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016">Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_Persons_(Protection_of_Rights)_Act,_2019" title="Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019">Rights of Transgender Persons Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Securities_Laws_(Amendment)_Act,_2014" title="Securities Laws (Amendment) Act, 2014">Securities Laws Amendment Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_Vendors_Act,_2014" title="Street Vendors Act, 2014">Street Vendors Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Women_(Protection_of_Rights_on_Marriage)_Act,_2019" title="Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act, 2019">Triple Talaq Abolition Act</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Bills <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geospatial_Information_Regulation_Bill" title="Geospatial Information Regulation Bill">Geospatial Information Regulation Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_Technology_Rules,_2021" title="Information Technology Rules, 2021">Information Technology Intermediary Guidelines Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_Data_Protection_Bill,_2019" title="Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019">Personal Data Protection Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_Control_Bill,_2019" title="Population Control Bill, 2019">Population Control Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Activities_Bill" title="Space Activities Bill">Space Activities Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrogacy_in_India#Surrogacy_(Regulation)_Bill,_2016_and_2019" title="Surrogacy in India">Surrogacy Regulation Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Civil_Code" title="Uniform Civil Code">Uniform Civil Code Bill</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Narendra_Modi_government" title="Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government">Foreign policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_foreign_policy_of_the_Narendra_Modi_government" title="Asian foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Look_East_policy_(India)#Act_East_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Look East policy (India)">Act East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_foreign_policy_of_the_Narendra_Modi_government" title="Middle Eastern foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_foreign_policy_of_the_Narendra_Modi_government" class="mw-redirect" title="South Asian foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government">South Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_and_Growth_for_All_in_the_Region" title="Security and Growth for All in the Region">SAGAR</a></li></ul></li> <li>Establishments and foundations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Disaster_Resilient_Infrastructure" title="Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure">Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi%E2%80%93Kathmandu_Bus" title="Delhi–Kathmandu Bus">Delhi–Kathmandu Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_for_India%E2%80%93Pacific_Islands_Cooperation" title="Forum for India–Pacific Islands Cooperation">India–Pacific Islands Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Solar_Alliance" title="International Solar Alliance">International Solar Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartarpur_Corridor" title="Kartarpur Corridor">Kartarpur Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Development_Bank" title="New Development Bank">New Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAARC_COVID-19_Emergency_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund">SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asia_Satellite" title="South Asia Satellite">South Asia Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Hindi_Secretariat" title="World Hindi Secretariat">World Hindi Secretariat</a></li></ul></li> <li>Events and observances <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Yoga" title="International Day of Yoga">International Day of Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namaste_Trump" title="Namaste Trump">Namaste Trump</a></li></ul></li> <li>Support <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_Maitri" title="Vaccine Maitri">Vaccine Maitri</a></li></ul></li> <li>Military and rescue operations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Balakot_airstrike" title="2019 Balakot airstrike">Balakot airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Indian_counter-insurgency_operation_in_Myanmar" title="2015 Indian counter-insurgency operation in Myanmar">Indo-Myanmar border strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Indian_Line_of_Control_strike" title="2016 Indian Line of Control strike">LOC surgical strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ganga" title="Operation Ganga">Operation Ganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Maitri" title="Operation Maitri">Operation Maitri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Namaste" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Namaste">Operation Namaste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Neer" title="Operation Neer">Operation Neer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Raahat" title="Operation Raahat">Operation Raahat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sankat_Mochan_(India)" title="Operation Sankat Mochan (India)">Operation Sankat Mochan</a></li></ul></li> <li>Treaties and accords <ul><li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Bangladesh_enclaves" title="India–Bangladesh enclaves">India–Bangladesh Boundary Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundational_agreement" title="Foundational agreement">India–United States Basic Exchange Cooperation Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Narendra_Modi" title="Category:Narendra Modi">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Narendra_Modi" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Narendra Modi">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prime_Minister_of_India1245" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prime_ministers_of_India" title="Template:Prime ministers of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prime_ministers_of_India" title="Template talk:Prime ministers of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prime_ministers_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prime ministers of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prime_Minister_of_India1245" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of prime ministers of India">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_India_by_previous_experience" title="List of prime ministers of India by previous experience">By previous experience</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prime ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Premiership of Lal Bahadur Shastri">Premiership</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai">Morarji Desai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Morarji_Desai" title="Premiership of Morarji Desai">Premiership</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charan_Singh" title="Charan Singh">Charan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._P._Singh" title="V. P. Singh">V. P. Singh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_V._P._Singh" title="Premiership of V. P. Singh">Premiership</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar" title="Chandra Shekhar">Chandra Shekhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Premiership of Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Premiership</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._D._Deve_Gowda" title="H. D. Deve Gowda">H. D. Deve Gowda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inder_Kumar_Gujral" title="Inder Kumar Gujral">Inder Kumar Gujral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Narendra Modi</a> (Incumbent) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Narendra_Modi" title="Premiership of Narendra Modi">Premiership</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of India"><img alt="Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/31px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/47px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/63px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Acting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulzarilal_Nanda" title="Gulzarilal Nanda">Gulzarilal Nanda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of things named after prime ministers of India">Things named after prime ministers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="List of things named after Jawaharlal Nehru">Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Indira_Gandhi" title="List of things named after Indira Gandhi">Indira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Rajiv_Gandhi" title="List of things named after Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Office_(India)" title="Prime Minister's Office (India)">Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7,_Lok_Kalyan_Marg" title="7, Lok Kalyan Marg">Residence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of international trips made by prime ministers of India">International trips</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Jawaharlal Nehru">Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Indira_Gandhi" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Indira Gandhi">Indira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Vajpayee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Narendra_Modi" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Narendra Modi">Modi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spouse_of_the_prime_minister_of_India" title="Spouse of the prime minister of India">Spouses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_children_of_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of children of prime ministers of India">Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nicknames_of_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of nicknames of prime ministers of India">Nicknames</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Prime_ministers_of_India" title="Category:Prime ministers of India">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_House_in_Lok_Sabha74" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Leaders_of_the_House_in_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Template:Leaders of the House in the Lok Sabha"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Leaders_of_the_House_in_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Template talk:Leaders of the House in the Lok Sabha"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Leaders_of_the_House_in_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Leaders of the House in the Lok Sabha"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_House_in_Lok_Sabha74" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_in_Lok_Sabha" title="Leader of the House in Lok Sabha">Leaders of the House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulzarilal_Nanda" title="Gulzarilal Nanda">Gulzarilal Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Narayan_Sinha" title="Satya Narayan Sinha">Satya Narayan Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai">Morarji Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charan_Singh" title="Charan Singh">Charan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishwanath_Pratap_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishwanath Pratap Singh">Vishwanath Pratap Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar" title="Chandra Shekhar">Chandra Shekhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Singh_(former_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arjun Singh (former politician)">Arjun Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Vilas_Paswan" title="Ram Vilas Paswan">Ram Vilas Paswan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushilkumar_Shinde" title="Sushilkumar Shinde">Sushilkumar Shinde</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Narendra Modi</a> (incumbent)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chief_ministers_of_Gujarat65" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chief_ministers_of_Gujarat" title="Template:Chief ministers of Gujarat"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chief_ministers_of_Gujarat" title="Template talk:Chief ministers of Gujarat"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chief_ministers_of_Gujarat" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chief ministers of Gujarat"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chief_ministers_of_Gujarat65" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Gujarat" title="List of chief ministers of Gujarat">Chief ministers of Gujarat</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jivraj_Narayan_Mehta" title="Jivraj Narayan Mehta">Jivraj Narayan Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balwantrai_Mehta" title="Balwantrai Mehta">Balwantrai Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitendra_Kanaiyalal_Desai" title="Hitendra Kanaiyalal Desai">Hitendra Kanaiyalal Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanshyam_Oza" title="Ghanshyam Oza">Ghanshyam Oza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimanbhai_Patel" title="Chimanbhai Patel">Chimanbhai Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babubhai_J._Patel" title="Babubhai J. Patel">Babubhai J. Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhav_Singh_Solanki" title="Madhav Singh Solanki">Madhav Singh Solanki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amarsinh_Chaudhary" title="Amarsinh Chaudhary">Amarsinh Chaudhary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhabildas_Mehta" title="Chhabildas Mehta">Chhabildas Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshubhai_Patel" title="Keshubhai Patel">Keshubhai Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suresh_Mehta" title="Suresh Mehta">Suresh Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankersinh_Vaghela" title="Shankersinh Vaghela">Shankersinh Vaghela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilip_Parikh" title="Dilip Parikh">Dilip Parikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshubhai_Patel" title="Keshubhai Patel">Keshubhai Patel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Narendra Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandiben_Patel" title="Anandiben Patel">Anandiben Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijay_Rupani" title="Vijay Rupani">Vijay Rupani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhupendrabhai_Patel" title="Bhupendrabhai Patel">Bhupendra Patel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="15px_First_Modi_ministry118" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FF9933; 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Sadananda Gowda</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Steel_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Steel (India)">Steel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Birender_Singh_(politician,_born_1946)" title="Birender Singh (politician, born 1946)">Chaudhary Birender Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Shipping_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Shipping (India)">Shipping</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Road_Transport_and_Highways" title="Ministry of Road Transport and Highways">Road Transport and Highways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nitin_Gadkari" title="Nitin Gadkari">Nitin Gadkari</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Textiles_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Textiles (India)">Textiles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Smriti_Irani" title="Smriti Irani">Smriti Irani</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Tribal_Affairs_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Tribal Affairs (India)">Tribal Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jual_Oram" title="Jual Oram">Jual Oram</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Water_Resources,_River_Development_%26_Ganga_Rejuvenation" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation">Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nitin_Gadkari" title="Nitin Gadkari">Nitin Gadkari</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Women_and_Child_Development" title="Ministry of Women and Child Development">Women and Child Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Maneka_Gandhi" title="Maneka Gandhi">Maneka Gandhi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Minority_Affairs" title="Ministry of Minority Affairs">Minority Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mukhtar_Abbas_Naqvi" title="Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi">Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Mines_(India)" title="Ministry of Mines (India)">Mines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Singh_Tomar" title="Narendra Singh Tomar">Narendra Singh Tomar</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_with_columns" title="Template:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_with_columns" title="Template talk:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_with_columns" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_State_(Independent_Charge)39" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ministers of State (Independent Charge)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_AYUSH" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of AYUSH">AYUSH</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Shripad_Yasso_Naik" class="mw-redirect" title="Shripad Yasso Naik">Shripad Yasso Naik</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Communications_and_Information_Technology_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India)">Communications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Manoj_Sinha" title="Manoj Sinha">Manoj Sinha</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(India)" title="Ministry of Culture (India)">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mahesh_Sharma" title="Mahesh Sharma">Mahesh Sharma</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Development_of_North_Eastern_Region" title="Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region">Development of North Eastern Region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jitendra_Singh_(politician,_born_1956)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jitendra Singh (politician, born 1956)">Jitendra Singh</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Labour_and_Employment_(India)" title="Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)">Labour and Employment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Santosh_Kumar_Gangwar" class="mw-redirect" title="Santosh Kumar Gangwar">Santosh Kumar Gangwar</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Micro,_Small_and_Medium_Enterprises" title="Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises">Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Giriraj_Singh" title="Giriraj Singh">Giriraj Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_New_and_Renewable_Energy_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (India)">New and Renewable Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Raj_Kumar_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Raj Kumar Singh">Raj Kumar Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Planning_Commission_(India)" title="Planning Commission (India)">Planning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Rao_Inderjit_Singh" title="Rao Inderjit Singh">Rao Inderjit Singh</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Power_(India)" title="Ministry of Power (India)">Power</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Raj_Kumar_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Raj Kumar Singh">Raj Kumar Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Tourism_(India)" title="Ministry of Tourism (India)">Tourism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Alphons_Kannanthanam" title="Alphons Kannanthanam">Alphons Kannanthanam</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing_and_Urban_Poverty_Alleviation_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (India)">Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hardeep_Singh_Puri" title="Hardeep Singh Puri">Hardeep Singh Puri</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Youth_Affairs_and_Sports_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (India)">Youth Affairs and Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Rajyavardhan_Singh_Rathore" title="Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore">Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_with_columns" title="Template:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_with_columns" title="Template talk:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_with_columns" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_State18" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ministers of State</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_%26_Farmers_Welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare">Agriculture and Farmers Welfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Parsottambhai_Rupala" class="mw-redirect" title="Parsottambhai Rupala">Parsottambhai Rupala</a> <a href="/wiki/S._S._Ahluwalia" title="S. S. Ahluwalia">S. S. Ahluwalia</a> <a href="/wiki/Sudarshan_Bhagat" title="Sudarshan Bhagat">Sudarshan Bhagat</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Atomic_Energy" title="Department of Atomic Energy">Atomic Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jitendra_Singh_(BJP_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jitendra Singh (BJP politician)">Jitendra Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Chemicals_and_Fertilizers_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers (India)">Chemicals and Fertilizers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mansukh_L._Mandaviya" class="mw-redirect" title="Mansukh L. Mandaviya">Mansukh L. Mandaviya</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Civil_Aviation_(India)" title="Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)">Civil Aviation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jayant_Sinha" title="Jayant Sinha">Jayant Sinha</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Consumer_Affairs,_Food_and_Public_Distribution_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution (India)">Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Disturbution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Chhotu_Ram_Chaudhary" class="mw-redirect" title="Chhotu Ram Chaudhary">Chhotu Ram Chaudhary</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Corporate_Affairs" title="Ministry of Corporate Affairs">Corporate Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Ram_Meghwal" title="Arjun Ram Meghwal">Arjun Ram Meghwal</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Defence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Subhash_Ramrao_Bhamre" class="mw-redirect" title="Subhash Ramrao Bhamre">Subhash Ramrao Bhamre</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Drinking_Water_and_Sanitation_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (India)">Drinking Water and Sanitation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ramesh_Jigajinagi" title="Ramesh Jigajinagi">Ramesh Jigajinagi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Earth_Sciences" title="Ministry of Earth Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Y._S._Chowdary" class="mw-redirect" title="Y. S. Chowdary">Y. S. Chowdary</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Electronics_and_Information_Technology" title="Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology">Electronics and IT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/P._P._Chaudhary" title="P. P. Chaudhary">P. P. Chaudhary</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of External Affairs (India)">External Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/V._K._Singh" title="V. K. Singh">V. K. Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Finance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Ram_Meghwal" title="Arjun Ram Meghwal">Arjun Ram Meghwal</a> <a href="/wiki/Santosh_Gangwar" title="Santosh Gangwar">Santosh Gangwar</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Food_Processing_Industries" title="Ministry of Food Processing Industries">Food Processing Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Niranjan_Jyoti" title="Niranjan Jyoti">Niranjan Jyoti</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_and_Family_Welfare_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (India)">Health and Family Welfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anupriya_Patel" title="Anupriya Patel">Anupriya Patel</a> <a href="/wiki/Faggan_Singh_Kulaste" title="Faggan Singh Kulaste">Faggan Singh Kulaste</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Heavy_Industries_and_Public_Enterprises_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises (India)">Heavy Industry and Public Enterprises</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/G._M._Siddeshwara" title="G. M. Siddeshwara">G. M. Siddeshwara</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Home Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hansraj_Gangaram_Ahir" title="Hansraj Gangaram Ahir">Hansraj Ahir</a> <a href="/wiki/Kiren_Rijiju" title="Kiren Rijiju">Kiren Rijiju</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing_and_Urban_Poverty_Alleviation_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (India)">Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Babul_Supriyo" title="Babul Supriyo">Babul Supriyo</a> <a href="/wiki/Rao_Inderjit_Singh" title="Rao Inderjit Singh">Rao Inderjit Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Human_Resource_Development_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)">Human Resource Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Satya_Pal_Singh_(Uttar_Pradesh_politician)" title="Satya Pal Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)">Satya Pal Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_and_Broadcasting_(India)" title="Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)">Information and Broadcasting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Rajyavardhan_Singh_Rathore" title="Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore">Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Law_and_Justice_(India)" title="Ministry of Law and Justice (India)">Law and Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/P._P._Chaudhary" title="P. P. Chaudhary">P. P. Chaudhary</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Micro,_Small_and_Medium_Enterprises" title="Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises">Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Haribhai_Parthibhai_Chaudhary" title="Haribhai Parthibhai Chaudhary">Haribhai Parthibhai Chaudhary</a> <a href="/wiki/Giriraj_Singh" title="Giriraj Singh">Giriraj Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Minority_Affairs" title="Ministry of Minority Affairs">Minority Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mukhtar_Abbas_Naqvi" title="Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi">Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Overseas_Indian_Affairs" title="Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs">Overseas Indian Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/V._K._Singh" title="V. K. Singh">V. K. 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Mandaviya">Mansukh L. Mandaviya</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Heavy_Industries" title="Ministry of Heavy Industries">Heavy Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mahendra_Nath_Pandey" title="Mahendra Nath Pandey">Mahendra Nath Pandey</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Home Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Amit_Shah" title="Amit Shah">Amit Shah</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_and_Broadcasting_(India)" title="Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)">Information and Broadcasting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anurag_Thakur" title="Anurag Thakur">Anurag Thakur</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Law_and_Justice_(India)" title="Ministry of Law and Justice (India)">Law and Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Ram_Meghwal" title="Arjun Ram Meghwal">Arjun Ram Meghwal</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Water_Resources,_River_Development_and_Ganga_Rejuvenation" title="Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation">Jal Shakti</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Gajendra_Singh_Shekhawat" title="Gajendra Singh Shekhawat">Gajendra Singh Shekhawat</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Micro,_Small_and_Medium_Enterprises" title="Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises">Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Narayan_Rane" title="Narayan Rane">Narayan Rane</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Panchayati_Raj" title="Ministry of Panchayati Raj">Panchayati Raj</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Giriraj_Singh" title="Giriraj Singh">Giriraj Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Parliamentary_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)">Parliamentary Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Pralhad_Joshi" title="Pralhad Joshi">Pralhad Joshi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Personnel,_Public_Grievances_and_Pensions" title="Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions">Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Narendra Modi</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Petroleum_and_Natural_Gas" title="Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas">Petroleum and Natural Gas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hardeep_Singh_Puri" title="Hardeep Singh Puri">Hardeep Singh Puri</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Railways_(India)" title="Ministry of Railways (India)">Railways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ashwini_Vaishnaw" title="Ashwini Vaishnaw">Ashwini Vaishnaw</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Rural_Development_(India)" title="Ministry of Rural Development (India)">Rural Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Giriraj_Singh" title="Giriraj Singh">Giriraj Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Skill_Development_and_Entrepreneurship" title="Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship">Skill Development and Entrepreneurship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mahendra_Nath_Pandey" title="Mahendra Nath Pandey">Mahendra Nath Pandey</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Justice_and_Empowerment" title="Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment">Social Justice and Empowerment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Virendra_Kumar_Khatik" title="Virendra Kumar Khatik">Virendra Kumar Khatik</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Space" title="Department of Space">Space</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Narendra Modi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Steel" title="Ministry of Steel">Ministry of Steel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jyotiraditya_Scindia" title="Jyotiraditya Scindia">Jyotiraditya Scindia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Ports,_Shipping_and_Waterways" title="Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways">Shipping</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Road_Transport_and_Highways" title="Ministry of Road Transport and Highways">Road Transport and Highways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nitin_Gadkari" title="Nitin Gadkari">Nitin Gadkari</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Textiles" title="Ministry of Textiles">Textiles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Smriti_Irani" title="Smriti Irani">Smriti Irani</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Tribal_Affairs" title="Ministry of Tribal Affairs">Tribal Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Munda" title="Arjun Munda">Arjun Munda</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Women_and_Child_Development" title="Ministry of Women and Child Development">Women and Child Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Smriti_Irani" title="Smriti Irani">Smriti Irani</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Minority_Affairs" title="Ministry of Minority Affairs">Minority Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Smriti_Irani" title="Smriti Irani">Smriti Irani</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Mines_(India)" title="Ministry of Mines (India)">Mines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Pralhad_Joshi" title="Pralhad Joshi">Pralhad Joshi</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_with_columns" title="Template:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_with_columns" title="Template talk:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_with_columns" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_State_(Independent_Charge)39" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ministers of State (Independent Charge)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Development_of_North_Eastern_Region" title="Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region">Development of North Eastern Region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jitendra_Singh_(politician,_born_1956)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jitendra Singh (politician, born 1956)">Jitendra Singh</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing_and_Urban_Poverty_Alleviation_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (India)">Housing and Urban Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hardeep_Singh_Puri" title="Hardeep Singh Puri">Hardeep Singh Puri</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Labour_and_Employment_(India)" title="Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)">Labour and Employment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhupendar_Yadav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhupendar Yadav (page does not exist)">Bhupendar Yadav</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_New_and_Renewable_Energy_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (India)">New and Renewable Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Raj_Kumar_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Raj Kumar Singh">Raj Kumar Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Planning_Commission_(India)" title="Planning Commission (India)">Planning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Rao_Inderjit_Singh" title="Rao Inderjit Singh">Rao Inderjit Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Power_(India)" title="Ministry of Power (India)">Power</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Raj_Kumar_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Raj Kumar Singh">Raj Kumar Singh</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(India)" title="Ministry of Science and Technology (India)">Science and Technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jitendra_Singh_(BJP_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jitendra Singh (BJP politician)">Jitendra Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Ports,_Shipping_and_Waterways" title="Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways">Ports, Shipping and Waterways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sarbananda_Sonowal" title="Sarbananda Sonowal">Sarbananda Sonowal</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Statistics_and_Programme_Implementation" title="Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation">Statistics and Programme Implementation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Rao_Inderjit_Singh" title="Rao Inderjit Singh">Rao Inderjit Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Tourism_(India)" title="Ministry of Tourism (India)">Tourism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Prahlad_Singh_Patel" title="Prahlad Singh Patel">Prahlad Singh Patel</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Youth_Affairs_and_Sports_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (India)">Youth Affairs and Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anurag_Thakur" title="Anurag Thakur">Anurag Thakur</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_with_columns" title="Template:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_with_columns" title="Template talk:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="Discuss this 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Welfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Shobha_Karandlaje" title="Shobha Karandlaje">Shobha Karandlaje</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Animal_Husbandry,_Dairying_and_Fisheries" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries">Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/L._Murugan" title="L. Murugan">L. Murugan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Atomic_Energy" title="Department of Atomic Energy">Atomic Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jitendra_Singh_(BJP_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jitendra Singh (BJP politician)">Jitendra Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Chemicals_and_Fertilizers_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers (India)">Chemicals and Fertilizers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bhagwanth_Khuba" title="Bhagwanth Khuba">Bhagwanth Khuba</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(India)" title="Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)">Commerce and Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anupriya_Patel" title="Anupriya Patel">Anupriya Patel</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Communications_(India)" title="Ministry of Communications (India)">Communications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Devusinh_Jesingbhai_Chauhan" title="Devusinh Jesingbhai Chauhan">Devusinh Jesingbhai Chauhan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Consumer_Affairs,_Food_and_Public_Distribution_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution (India)">Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Disturbution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Raosaheb_Danve" title="Raosaheb Danve">Raosaheb Danve</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Corporate_Affairs" title="Ministry of Corporate Affairs">Corporate Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Rao_Inderjit_Singh" title="Rao Inderjit Singh">Rao Inderjit Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Defence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ajay_Bhatt" title="Ajay Bhatt">Ajay Bhatt</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Electronics_and_Information_Technology" title="Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology">Electronics and IT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Rajeev_Chandrasekhar" title="Rajeev Chandrasekhar">Rajeev Chandrasekhar</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment_and_Forests_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Environment and Forests (India)">Environment, Forest and Climate Change</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ashwini_Kumar_Choubey" title="Ashwini Kumar Choubey">Ashwini Kumar Choubey</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of External Affairs (India)">External Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/V._Muraleedharan" class="mw-redirect" title="V. 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style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Consumer_Affairs,_Food_and_Public_Distribution" title="Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution">Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Pralhad_Joshi" title="Pralhad Joshi">Pralhad Joshi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Corporate_Affairs" title="Ministry of Corporate Affairs">Corporate Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_Sitharaman" title="Nirmala Sitharaman">Nirmala Sitharaman</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Co-operation" title="Ministry of Co-operation">Co-operation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Amit_Shah" title="Amit Shah">Amit Shah</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(India)" title="Ministry of Culture (India)">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Gajendra_Singh_Shekhawat" title="Gajendra Singh Shekhawat">Gajendra Singh Shekhawat</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Defence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Rajnath_Singh" title="Rajnath Singh">Rajnath Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Development_of_North_Eastern_Region" title="Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region">Development of North Eastern Region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jyotiraditya_Scindia" title="Jyotiraditya Scindia">Jyotiraditya Scindia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(India)" title="Ministry of Education (India)">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Dharmendra_Pradhan" title="Dharmendra Pradhan">Dharmendra Pradhan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Electronics_and_Information_Technology" title="Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology">Electronics and Information Technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ashwini_Vaishnaw" title="Ashwini Vaishnaw">Ashwini Vaishnaw</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment,_Forest_and_Climate_Change" title="Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change">Environment, Forest and Climate Change</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bhupender_Yadav" title="Bhupender Yadav">Bhupender Yadav</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of External Affairs (India)">External Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/S._Jaishankar" title="S. Jaishankar">S. Jaishankar</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Finance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_Sitharaman" title="Nirmala Sitharaman">Nirmala Sitharaman</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Fisheries,_Animal_Husbandry_and_Dairying" title="Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying">Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Lalan_Singh" title="Lalan Singh">Lalan Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Food_Processing_Industries" title="Ministry of Food Processing Industries">Food Processing Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Chirag_Paswan" title="Chirag Paswan">Chirag Paswan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_and_Family_Welfare" title="Ministry of Health and Family Welfare">Health and Family Welfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/J._P._Nadda" title="J. P. Nadda">J. P. Nadda</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Heavy_Industries" title="Ministry of Heavy Industries">Heavy Industries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/H._D._Kumaraswamy" title="H. D. Kumaraswamy">H. D. Kumaraswamy</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Home Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Amit_Shah" title="Amit Shah">Amit Shah</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Housing_and_Urban_Affairs" title="Minister of Housing and Urban Affairs">Housing and Urban Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Manohar_Lal_Khattar" title="Manohar Lal Khattar">Manohar Lal Khattar</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_and_Broadcasting_(India)" title="Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)">Information and Broadcasting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ashwini_Vaishnaw" title="Ashwini Vaishnaw">Ashwini Vaishnaw</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Labour_and_Employment_(India)" title="Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)">Labour and Employment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mansukh_Mandaviya" title="Mansukh Mandaviya">Mansukh Mandaviya</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Micro,_Small_and_Medium_Enterprises" title="Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises">Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jitan_Ram_Manjhi" title="Jitan Ram Manjhi">Jitan Ram Manjhi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Mines_(India)" title="Ministry of Mines (India)">Mines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/G._Kishan_Reddy" title="G. Kishan Reddy">G. Kishan Reddy</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Minority_Affairs" title="Ministry of Minority Affairs">Minority Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kiren_Rijiju" title="Kiren Rijiju">Kiren Rijiju</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_New_and_Renewable_Energy" title="Ministry of New and Renewable Energy">New and Renewable Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Pralhad_Joshi" title="Pralhad Joshi">Pralhad Joshi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Panchayati_Raj" title="Ministry of Panchayati Raj">Panchayati Raj</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Lalan_Singh" title="Lalan Singh">Lalan Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Parliamentary_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)">Parliamentary Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kiren_Rijiju" title="Kiren Rijiju">Kiren Rijiju</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Personnel,_Public_Grievances_and_Pensions" title="Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions">Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Narendra Modi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Petroleum_and_Natural_Gas" title="Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas">Petroleum and Natural Gas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hardeep_Singh_Puri" title="Hardeep Singh Puri">Hardeep Singh Puri</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Ports,_Shipping_and_Waterways" title="Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways">Ports, Shipping and Waterways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sarbananda_Sonowal" title="Sarbananda Sonowal">Sarbananda Sonowal</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Power_(India)" title="Ministry of Power (India)">Power</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Manohar_Lal_Khattar" title="Manohar Lal Khattar">Manohar Lal Khattar</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Railways_(India)" title="Ministry of Railways (India)">Railways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ashwini_Vaishnaw" title="Ashwini Vaishnaw">Ashwini Vaishnaw</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Road_Transport_and_Highways" title="Ministry of Road Transport and Highways">Road Transport and Highways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nitin_Gadkari" title="Nitin Gadkari">Nitin Gadkari</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Rural_Development_(India)" title="Ministry of Rural Development (India)">Rural Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Shivraj_Singh_Chouhan" title="Shivraj Singh Chouhan">Shivraj Singh Chouhan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Justice_and_Empowerment" title="Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment">Social Justice and Empowerment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Virendra_Kumar_Khatik" title="Virendra Kumar Khatik">Virendra Kumar Khatik</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Space" title="Department of Space">Space</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Narendra Modi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Steel" title="Ministry of Steel">Steel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/H._D._Kumaraswamy" title="H. D. Kumaraswamy">H. D. Kumaraswamy</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Textiles" title="Ministry of Textiles">Textiles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Giriraj_Singh" title="Giriraj Singh">Giriraj Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Tribal_Affairs" title="Ministry of Tribal Affairs">Tribal Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jual_Oram" title="Jual Oram">Jual Oram</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Tourism_(India)" title="Ministry of Tourism (India)">Tourism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Gajendra_Singh_Shekhawat" title="Gajendra Singh Shekhawat">Gajendra Singh Shekhawat</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jal_Shakti" title="Ministry of Jal Shakti">Jal Shakti</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/C._R._Patil" title="C. R. Patil">C. R. Patil</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Women_and_Child_Development" title="Ministry of Women and Child Development">Women and Child Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Annpurna_Devi" title="Annpurna Devi">Annpurna Devi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Youth_Affairs_and_Sports" title="Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports">Youth Affairs and Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mansukh_Mandaviya" title="Mansukh Mandaviya">Mansukh Mandaviya</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_with_columns" title="Template:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_with_columns" title="Template talk:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_with_columns" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_State_(Independent_Charge)39" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ministers of State (Independent Charge)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Ayush" title="Ministry of Ayush">AYUSH</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Prataprao_Jadhav" title="Prataprao Jadhav">Prataprao Jadhav</a></div></td></tr><tr><th id="Earth_Sciences45" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Earth_Sciences" title="Ministry of Earth Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jitendra_Singh_(politician,_born_1956)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jitendra Singh (politician, born 1956)">Jitendra Singh</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Law_and_Justice_(India)" title="Ministry of Law and Justice (India)">Law and Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Ram_Meghwal" title="Arjun Ram Meghwal">Arjun Ram Meghwal</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Planning_(India)" title="Ministry of Planning (India)">Planning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Rao_Inderjit_Singh" title="Rao Inderjit Singh">Rao Inderjit Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(India)" title="Ministry of Science and Technology (India)">Science and Technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jitendra_Singh_(politician,_born_1956)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jitendra Singh (politician, born 1956)">Jitendra Singh</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Skill_Development_and_Entrepreneurship" title="Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship">Skill Development and Entrepreneurship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jayant_Chaudhary" title="Jayant Chaudhary">Jayant Chaudhary</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Statistics_and_Programme_Implementation" title="Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation">Statistics and Programme Implementation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Rao_Inderjit_Singh" title="Rao Inderjit Singh">Rao Inderjit Singh</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_with_columns" title="Template:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_with_columns" title="Template talk:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_with_columns" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_State18" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ministers of State</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_%26_Farmers_Welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare">Agriculture and Farmers Welfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Parsottambhai_Rupala" class="mw-redirect" title="Parsottambhai Rupala">Parsottambhai Rupala</a> <a href="/wiki/S._S._Ahluwalia" title="S. S. Ahluwalia">S. S. Ahluwalia</a> <a href="/wiki/Sudarshan_Bhagat" title="Sudarshan Bhagat">Sudarshan Bhagat</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Atomic_Energy" title="Department of Atomic Energy">Atomic Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jitendra_Singh_(BJP_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jitendra Singh (BJP politician)">Jitendra Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Chemicals_and_Fertilizers_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers (India)">Chemicals and Fertilizers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mansukh_L._Mandaviya" class="mw-redirect" title="Mansukh L. Mandaviya">Mansukh L. Mandaviya</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Civil_Aviation_(India)" title="Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)">Civil Aviation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jayant_Sinha" title="Jayant Sinha">Jayant Sinha</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Consumer_Affairs,_Food_and_Public_Distribution_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution (India)">Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Disturbution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Chhotu_Ram_Chaudhary" class="mw-redirect" title="Chhotu Ram Chaudhary">Chhotu Ram Chaudhary</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Corporate_Affairs" title="Ministry of Corporate Affairs">Corporate Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Ram_Meghwal" title="Arjun Ram Meghwal">Arjun Ram Meghwal</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Defence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Subhash_Ramrao_Bhamre" class="mw-redirect" title="Subhash Ramrao Bhamre">Subhash Ramrao Bhamre</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Drinking_Water_and_Sanitation_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (India)">Drinking Water and Sanitation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ramesh_Jigajinagi" title="Ramesh Jigajinagi">Ramesh Jigajinagi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Earth_Sciences" title="Ministry of Earth Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Y._S._Chowdary" class="mw-redirect" title="Y. S. Chowdary">Y. S. Chowdary</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Electronics_and_Information_Technology" title="Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology">Electronics and IT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ashwini_Vaishnaw" title="Ashwini Vaishnaw">Ashwini Vaishnaw</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of External Affairs (India)">External Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/V._K._Singh" title="V. K. Singh">V. K. Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Finance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Ram_Meghwal" title="Arjun Ram Meghwal">Arjun Ram Meghwal</a> <a href="/wiki/Santosh_Gangwar" title="Santosh Gangwar">Santosh Gangwar</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Food_Processing_Industries" title="Ministry of Food Processing Industries">Food Processing Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Niranjan_Jyoti" title="Niranjan Jyoti">Niranjan Jyoti</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_and_Family_Welfare_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (India)">Health and Family Welfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anupriya_Patel" title="Anupriya Patel">Anupriya Patel</a> <a href="/wiki/Faggan_Singh_Kulaste" title="Faggan Singh Kulaste">Faggan Singh Kulaste</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Heavy_Industries_and_Public_Enterprises_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises (India)">Heavy Industry and Public Enterprises</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/G._M._Siddeshwara" title="G. M. Siddeshwara">G. M. Siddeshwara</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Home Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hansraj_Gangaram_Ahir" title="Hansraj Gangaram Ahir">Hansraj Ahir</a> <a href="/wiki/Kiren_Rijiju" title="Kiren Rijiju">Kiren Rijiju</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing_and_Urban_Poverty_Alleviation_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (India)">Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Babul_Supriyo" title="Babul Supriyo">Babul Supriyo</a> <a href="/wiki/Rao_Inderjit_Singh" title="Rao Inderjit Singh">Rao Inderjit Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Human_Resource_Development_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)">Human Resource Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Satya_Pal_Singh_(Uttar_Pradesh_politician)" title="Satya Pal Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)">Satya Pal Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_and_Broadcasting_(India)" title="Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)">Information and Broadcasting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ashwini_Vaishnaw" title="Ashwini Vaishnaw">Ashwini Vaishnaw</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Law_and_Justice_(India)" title="Ministry of Law and Justice (India)">Law and Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/P._P._Chaudhary" title="P. P. Chaudhary">P. P. Chaudhary</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Micro,_Small_and_Medium_Enterprises" title="Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises">Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Haribhai_Parthibhai_Chaudhary" title="Haribhai Parthibhai Chaudhary">Haribhai Parthibhai Chaudhary</a> <a href="/wiki/Giriraj_Singh" title="Giriraj Singh">Giriraj Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Minority_Affairs" title="Ministry of Minority Affairs">Minority Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mukhtar_Abbas_Naqvi" title="Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi">Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Overseas_Indian_Affairs" title="Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs">Overseas Indian Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/V._K._Singh" title="V. K. Singh">V. K. Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Panchayati_Raj" title="Ministry of Panchayati Raj">Panchayati Raj</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Parsottambhai_Rupala" class="mw-redirect" title="Parsottambhai Rupala">Parsottambhai Rupala</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Parliamentary_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)">Parliamentary Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Ram_Meghwal" title="Arjun Ram Meghwal">Arjun Ram Meghwal</a> <a href="/wiki/Vijay_Goel_(politician)" title="Vijay Goel (politician)">Vijay Goel</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Personnel,_Public_Grievances_and_Pensions" title="Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions">Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jitendra_Singh_(BJP_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jitendra Singh (BJP politician)">Jitendra Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Office_(India)" title="Prime Minister's Office (India)">Prime Minister's Office</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jitendra_Singh_(BJP_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jitendra Singh (BJP politician)">Jitendra Singh</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Railways_(India)" title="Ministry of Railways (India)">Railways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Manoj_Sinha" title="Manoj Sinha">Manoj Sinha</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Road_Transport_and_Highways_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (India)">Road Transport and Highways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mansukh_L._Mandaviya" class="mw-redirect" title="Mansukh L. Mandaviya">Mansukh L. Mandaviya</a> <a href="/wiki/Pon_Radhakrishnan" title="Pon Radhakrishnan">Pon Radhakrishnan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Rural_Development_(India)" title="Ministry of Rural Development (India)">Rural Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ram_Kripal_Yadav" title="Ram Kripal Yadav">Ram Kripal Yadav</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(India)" title="Ministry of Science and Technology (India)">Science and Technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Y._S._Chowdary" class="mw-redirect" title="Y. S. Chowdary">Y. S. Chowdary</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Justice_and_Empowerment" title="Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment">Social Justice and Empowerment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Krishan_Pal_Gurjar" title="Krishan Pal Gurjar">Krishan Pal Gurjar</a> <a href="/wiki/Ramdas_Athawale" title="Ramdas Athawale">Ramdas Athawale</a> <a href="/wiki/Vijay_Sampla" title="Vijay Sampla">Vijay Sampla</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Steel_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Steel (India)">Steel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Vishnudeo_Sai" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishnudeo Sai">Vishnudeo Sai</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Shipping_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Shipping (India)">Shipping</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mansukh_L._Mandaviya" class="mw-redirect" title="Mansukh L. Mandaviya">Mansukh L. Mandaviya</a> <a href="/wiki/Pon_Radhakrishnan" title="Pon Radhakrishnan">Pon Radhakrishnan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Space" title="Department of Space">Space</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jitendra_Singh_(BJP_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jitendra Singh (BJP politician)">Jitendra Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Textiles_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Textiles (India)">Textiles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ajay_Tamta" title="Ajay Tamta">Ajay Tamta</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Tribal_Affairs_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Tribal Affairs (India)">Tribal Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jasvantsinh_Sumanbhai_Bhabhor" title="Jasvantsinh Sumanbhai Bhabhor">Jasvantsinh Sumanbhai Bhabhor</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Water_Resources,_River_Development_%26_Ganga_Rejuvenation" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation">Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Satya_Pal_Singh_(Uttar_Pradesh_politician)" title="Satya Pal Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)">Satya Pal Singh</a> <a href="/wiki/Arjun_Ram_Meghwal" title="Arjun Ram Meghwal">Arjun Ram Meghwal</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Women_and_Child_Development" title="Ministry of Women and Child Development">Women and Child Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Maneka_Gandhi" title="Maneka Gandhi">Maneka Gandhi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Urban_Development_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Urban Development (India)">Urban Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Babul_Supriyo" title="Babul Supriyo">Babul Supriyo</a> <a href="/wiki/Rao_Inderjit_Singh" title="Rao Inderjit Singh">Rao Inderjit Singh</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bharatiya_Janata_Party625" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="color:black;;background:#FF9933"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Template:Bharatiya Janata Party"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Template talk:Bharatiya Janata Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bharatiya Janata Party"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bharatiya_Janata_Party625" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="List of presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party">Party presidents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> (1980–86)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">L. K. Advani</a> (1986–91, 1993–98, 2004–06)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murli_Manohar_Joshi" title="Murli Manohar Joshi">Murli Manohar Joshi</a> (1991–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushabhau_Thakre" title="Kushabhau Thakre">Kushabhau Thakre</a> (1998–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangaru_Laxman" title="Bangaru Laxman">Bangaru Laxman</a> (2000–01)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jana_Krishnamurthi" title="Jana Krishnamurthi">Jana Krishnamurthi</a> (2001–02)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkaiah_Naidu" title="Venkaiah Naidu">Venkaiah Naidu</a> (2002–04)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajnath_Singh" title="Rajnath Singh">Rajnath Singh</a> (2006–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitin_Gadkari" title="Nitin Gadkari">Nitin Gadkari</a> (2009–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajnath_Singh" title="Rajnath Singh">Rajnath Singh</a> (2013–14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amit_Shah" title="Amit Shah">Amit Shah</a> (2014–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._P._Nadda" title="J. P. Nadda">J. P. Nadda</a> (2020–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%">Current vice presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vasundhara_Raje" title="Vasundhara Raje">Vasundhara Raje</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saudan_Singh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saudan Singh (page does not exist)">Saudan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baijayant_Panda" title="Baijayant Panda">Baijayant Panda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saroj_Pandey" title="Saroj Pandey">Saroj Pandey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekha_Verma" title="Rekha Verma">Rekha Verma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annpurna_Devi" title="Annpurna Devi">Annpurna Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharti_Shiyal" title="Bharti Shiyal">Bharti Shiyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._K._Aruna" title="D. K. Aruna">D. K. Aruna</a></li> <li>M. Chuba Ao</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._P._Abdullakutty" title="A. P. Abdullakutty">A. P. Abdullakutty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laxmikant_Bajpai" title="Laxmikant Bajpai">Laxmikant Bajpai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lata_Usendi" title="Lata Usendi">Lata Usendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Mansoor" title="Tariq Mansoor">Tariq Mansoor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of prime ministers of India">Prime ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> (1996; 1998–2004)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Narendra Modi</a> (2014–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Deputy Prime Minister of India">Deputy prime ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">L. K. Advani</a> (2002–2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%">Other prominent leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Jaitley" title="Arun Jaitley">Arun Jaitley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavurao_Deshpande" title="Bhavurao Deshpande">Bhavurao Deshpande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_Sitharaman" title="Nirmala Sitharaman">Nirmala Sitharaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piyush_Goyal" title="Piyush Goyal">Piyush Goyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalyan_Singh" title="Kalyan Singh">Kalyan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandiben_Patel" title="Anandiben Patel">Anandiben Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smriti_Irani" title="Smriti Irani">Smriti Irani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar_Prasad" title="Ravi Shankar Prasad">Ravi Shankar Prasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukhtar_Abbas_Naqvi" title="Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi">Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushil_Kumar_Modi" title="Sushil Kumar Modi">Sushil Kumar Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Naik" title="Ram Naik">Ram Naik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suvendu_Adhikari" title="Suvendu Adhikari">Suvendu Adhikari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarbananda_Sonowal" title="Sarbananda Sonowal">Sarbananda Sonowal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrakant_Bacchu_Patil" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandrakant Bacchu Patil">Chandrakant Bacchu Patil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilip_Ghosh_(politician)" title="Dilip Ghosh (politician)">Dilip Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamyang_Tsering_Namgyal" title="Jamyang Tsering Namgyal">Jamyang Tsering Namgyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madan_Lal_Khurana" title="Madan Lal Khurana">Madan Lal Khurana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahib_Singh_Verma" title="Sahib Singh Verma">Sahib Singh Verma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushma_Swaraj" title="Sushma Swaraj">Sushma Swaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manohar_Parrikar" title="Manohar Parrikar">Manohar Parrikar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshubhai_Patel" title="Keshubhai Patel">Keshubhai Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanta_Kumar" title="Shanta Kumar">Shanta Kumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prem_Kumar_Dhumal" title="Prem Kumar Dhumal">Prem Kumar Dhumal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babulal_Marandi" title="Babulal Marandi">Babulal Marandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Munda" title="Arjun Munda">Arjun Munda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._V._Sadananda_Gowda" class="mw-redirect" title="D. V. Sadananda Gowda">D. V. Sadananda Gowda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagadish_Shettar" title="Jagadish Shettar">Jagadish Shettar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunder_Lal_Patwa" title="Sunder Lal Patwa">Sunder Lal Patwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uma_Bharti" title="Uma Bharti">Uma Bharti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babulal_Gaur" title="Babulal Gaur">Babulal Gaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devendra_Fadnavis" title="Devendra Fadnavis">Devendra Fadnavis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhairon_Singh_Shekhawat" title="Bhairon Singh Shekhawat">Bhairon Singh Shekhawat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Prakash_Gupta" title="Ram Prakash Gupta">Ram Prakash Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagdambika_Pal" title="Jagdambika Pal">Jagdambika Pal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nityanand_Swami_(politician)" title="Nityanand Swami (politician)">Nityanand Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Singh_Koshyari" title="Bhagat Singh Koshyari">Bhagat Singh Koshyari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._C._Khanduri" title="B. C. Khanduri">B. C. Khanduri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesh_Pokhriyal" title="Ramesh Pokhriyal">Ramesh Pokhriyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trivendra_Singh_Rawat" title="Trivendra Singh Rawat">Trivendra Singh Rawat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulab_Chand_Kataria" title="Gulab Chand Kataria">Gulab Chand Kataria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hriday_Narayan_Dikshit" title="Hriday Narayan Dikshit">Hriday Narayan Dikshit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biswabhusan_Harichandan" title="Biswabhusan Harichandan">Biswabhusan Harichandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandaru_Dattatreya" title="Bandaru Dattatreya">Bandaru Dattatreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draupadi_Murmu" class="mw-redirect" title="Draupadi Murmu">Draupadi Murmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajubhai_Vala" title="Vajubhai Vala">Vajubhai Vala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalraj_Mishra" title="Kalraj Mishra">Kalraj Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banwarilal_Purohit" title="Banwarilal Purohit">Banwarilal Purohit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamilisai_Soundararajan" title="Tamilisai Soundararajan">Tamilisai Soundararajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manoj_Sinha" title="Manoj Sinha">Manoj Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suresh_Prabhu" title="Suresh Prabhu">Suresh Prabhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._S._Yediyurappa" title="B. S. Yediyurappa">B. S. Yediyurappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogi_Adityanath" title="Yogi Adityanath">Yogi Adityanath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himanta_Biswa_Sarma" title="Himanta Biswa Sarma">Himanta Biswa Sarma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_from_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="List of chief ministers from the Bharatiya Janata Party">Current chief ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devendra_Fadnavis" title="Devendra Fadnavis">Devendra Fadnavis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pema_Khandu" title="Pema Khandu">Pema Khandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himanta_Biswa_Sarma" title="Himanta Biswa Sarma">Himanta Biswa Sarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Deo_Sai" title="Vishnu Deo Sai">Vishnu Deo Sai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramod_Sawant" title="Pramod Sawant">Pramod Sawant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhupendrabhai_Patel" title="Bhupendrabhai Patel">Bhupendrabhai Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayab_Singh_Saini" title="Nayab Singh Saini">Nayab Singh Saini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Yadav" title="Mohan Yadav">Mohan Yadav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Charan_Majhi" title="Mohan Charan Majhi">Mohan Charan Majhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhajan_Lal_Sharma" title="Bhajan Lal Sharma">Bhajan Lal Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Biren_Singh" title="N. Biren Singh">N. Biren Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogi_Adityanath" title="Yogi Adityanath">Yogi Adityanath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manik_Saha" title="Manik Saha">Manik Saha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushkar_Singh_Dhami" title="Pushkar Singh Dhami">Pushkar Singh Dhami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_deputy_chief_ministers" title="List of current Indian deputy chief ministers">Current deputy chief ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chowna_Mein" title="Chowna Mein">Chowna Mein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanthungo_Patton" title="Yanthungo Patton">Yanthungo Patton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brajesh_Pathak" title="Brajesh Pathak">Brajesh Pathak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshav_Prasad_Maurya" title="Keshav Prasad Maurya">Keshav Prasad Maurya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samrat_Chaudhary" class="mw-redirect" title="Samrat Chaudhary">Samrat Chaudhary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijay_Kumar_Sinha" title="Vijay Kumar Sinha">Vijay Kumar Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Sao" title="Arun Sao">Arun Sao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijay_Sharma_(politician)" title="Vijay Sharma (politician)">Vijay Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Shukla_(politician)" title="Rajendra Shukla (politician)">Rajendra Shukla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagdish_Devda" title="Jagdish Devda">Jagdish Devda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diya_Kumari" title="Diya Kumari">Diya Kumari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prem_Chand_Bairwa" title="Prem Chand Bairwa">Prem Chand Bairwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanak_Vardhan_Singh_Deo" title="Kanak Vardhan Singh Deo">Kanak Vardhan Singh Deo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravati_Parida" title="Pravati Parida">Pravati Parida</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%">Current national spokespersons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anil_Baluni" title="Anil Baluni">Anil Baluni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Mayukh" title="Sanjay Mayukh">Sanjay Mayukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambit_Patra" title="Sambit Patra">Sambit Patra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudhanshu_Trivedi" title="Sudhanshu Trivedi">Sudhanshu Trivedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Shahnawaz_Hussain" title="Syed Shahnawaz Hussain">Syed Shahnawaz Hussain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Pratap_Rudy" title="Rajiv Pratap Rudy">Rajiv Pratap Rudy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalin_Kohli" title="Nalin Kohli">Nalin Kohli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajeev_Chandrasekhar" title="Rajeev Chandrasekhar">Rajeev Chandrasekhar</a></li> <li>Gaurav Bhatia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Zafar_Islam" title="Syed Zafar Islam">Syed Zafar Islam</a></li> <li>Tom Vadakkan</li> <li>Sanju Verma</li> <li>Gopal Krishna Agarwal</li> <li>Iqbal Singh Lalpura</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._P._Singh_(politician)" title="R. P. Singh (politician)">R. P. Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajyavardhan_Singh_Rathore" title="Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore">Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aparajita_Sarangi" title="Aparajita Sarangi">Aparajita Sarangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heena_Gavit" title="Heena Gavit">Heena Gavit</a></li> <li>Guruprakash</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mmhonlumo_Kikon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mmhonlumo Kikon">Mmhonlumo Kikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raju_Bista" title="Raju Bista">Raju Bista</a></li> <li>K. K. Sharma</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%">Current general secretaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Singh_(Indian_politician)" title="Arun Singh (Indian politician)">Arun Singh</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dushyant_Kumar_Gautam" title="Dushyant Kumar Gautam">Dushyant Kumar Gautam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarun_Chugh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarun Chugh (page does not exist)">Tarun Chugh</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vinod_Tawde" title="Vinod Tawde">Vinod Tawde</a></li> <li>Dr. <a href="/wiki/Radha_Mohan_Das_Agarwal" title="Radha Mohan Das Agarwal">Radha Mohan Das Agarwal</a></li></ul> <ul><li>B. L. Santhosh (Organisation)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiv_Prakash" title="Shiv Prakash">Shiv Prakash</a> (Organisation)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%">Current national secretaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vijaya_Rahatkar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vijaya Rahatkar (page does not exist)">Vijaya Rahatkar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arvind_Menon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arvind Menon (page does not exist)">Arvind Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pankaja_Munde" title="Pankaja Munde">Pankaja Munde</a></li> <li>Dr. <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Narendra Singh">Narendra Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alka_Gujar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alka Gujar (page does not exist)">Alka Gujar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om_Prakash_Dhurve" title="Om Prakash Dhurve">Om Prakash Dhurve</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rituraj_Sinha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rituraj Sinha (page does not exist)">Rituraj Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamakhya_Prasad_Tasa" title="Kamakhya Prasad Tasa">Kamakhya Prasad Tasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surendra_Singh_Nagar" title="Surendra Singh Nagar">Surendra Singh Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anil_Antony&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anil Antony (page does not exist)">Anil Antony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjinder_Singh_Sirsa" title="Manjinder Singh Sirsa">Manjinder Singh Sirsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om_Prakash_Dhankar" title="Om Prakash Dhankar">Om Prakash Dhankar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Organisation of the Bharatiya Janata Party">Political wings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Executive_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="National Executive of the Bharatiya Janata Party">National Executive Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Yuva_Morcha" title="Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha">Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BJP_Mahila_Morcha" title="BJP Mahila Morcha">BJP Mahila Morcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BJP_IT_Cell" title="BJP IT Cell">BJP IT Cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_units_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="State units of the Bharatiya Janata Party">State Units</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_presidents_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="List of state presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party">State Presidents</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sangh_Parivar" title="Sangh Parivar">Related organisations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Vidyarthi_Parishad" title="Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad">Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh">Bharatiya Jana Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janata_Party" title="Janata Party">Janata Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Mazdoor_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh">Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Kisan_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Kisan Sangh">Bharatiya Kisan Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swadeshi_Jagaran_Manch" class="mw-redirect" title="Swadeshi Jagaran Manch">Swadeshi Jagaran Manch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishva_Hindu_Parishad" title="Vishva Hindu Parishad">Vishva Hindu Parishad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integral_humanism_(India)" title="Integral humanism (India)">Integral humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Electoral history of the Bharatiya Janata Party">Electoral history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party_in_the_Parliament_of_India" title="Leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party in the Parliament of India">Party leaders in the Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Rajya_Sabha_members_from_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="List of Rajya Sabha members from the Bharatiya Janata Party">Rajya Sabha members</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chief_ministers_from_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party406" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FF9933; color:black;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bharatiya_Janata_Party_chief_ministers" title="Template:Bharatiya Janata Party chief ministers"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bharatiya_Janata_Party_chief_ministers" title="Template talk:Bharatiya Janata Party chief ministers"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bharatiya_Janata_Party_chief_ministers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bharatiya Janata Party chief ministers"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chief_ministers_from_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party406" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_from_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="List of chief ministers from the Bharatiya Janata Party">Chief ministers from the Bharatiya Janata Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF9933; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gegong_Apang" title="Gegong Apang">Gegong Apang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pema_Khandu" title="Pema Khandu">Pema Khandu</a> (incumbent)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF9933; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarbananda_Sonowal" title="Sarbananda Sonowal">Sarbananda Sonowal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himanta_Biswa_Sarma" title="Himanta Biswa Sarma">Himanta Biswa Sarma</a> (incumbent)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF9933; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raman_Singh" title="Raman Singh">Raman Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Deo_Sai" title="Vishnu Deo Sai">Vishnu Deo Sai</a> (incumbent)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF9933; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madan_Lal_Khurana" title="Madan Lal Khurana">Madan Lal Khurana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahib_Singh_Verma" title="Sahib Singh Verma">Sahib Singh Verma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushma_Swaraj" title="Sushma Swaraj">Sushma Swaraj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF9933; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manohar_Parrikar" title="Manohar Parrikar">Manohar Parrikar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laxmikant_Parsekar" title="Laxmikant Parsekar">Laxmikant Parsekar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramod_Sawant" title="Pramod Sawant">Pramod Sawant</a> (incumbent)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF9933; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keshubhai_Patel" title="Keshubhai Patel">Keshubhai Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suresh_Mehta" title="Suresh Mehta">Suresh Mehta</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Narendra Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandiben_Patel" title="Anandiben Patel">Anandiben Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijay_Rupani" title="Vijay Rupani">Vijay Rupani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhupendrabhai_Patel" title="Bhupendrabhai Patel">Bhupendrabhai Patel</a> (incumbent)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF9933; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manohar_Lal_Khattar" title="Manohar Lal Khattar">Manohar Lal Khattar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayab_Singh_Saini" title="Nayab Singh Saini">Nayab Singh Saini</a> (incumbent)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF9933; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanta_Kumar" title="Shanta Kumar">Shanta Kumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prem_Kumar_Dhumal" title="Prem Kumar Dhumal">Prem Kumar Dhumal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jai_Ram_Thakur" title="Jai Ram Thakur">Jai Ram Thakur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF9933; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babulal_Marandi" title="Babulal Marandi">Babulal Marandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Munda" title="Arjun Munda">Arjun Munda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghubar_Das" title="Raghubar Das">Raghubar Das</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF9933; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B._S._Yediyurappa" title="B. S. Yediyurappa">B. S. Yediyurappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._V._Sadananda_Gowda" class="mw-redirect" title="D. V. Sadananda Gowda">D. V. Sadananda Gowda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagadish_Shettar" title="Jagadish Shettar">Jagadish Shettar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basavaraj_Bommai" title="Basavaraj Bommai">Basavaraj Bommai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF9933; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunder_Lal_Patwa" title="Sunder Lal Patwa">Sunder Lal Patwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uma_Bharti" title="Uma Bharti">Uma Bharti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babulal_Gaur" title="Babulal Gaur">Babulal Gaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivraj_Singh_Chouhan" title="Shivraj Singh Chouhan">Shivraj Singh Chouhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Yadav" title="Mohan Yadav">Mohan Yadav</a> (incumbent)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF9933; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devendra_Fadnavis" title="Devendra Fadnavis">Devendra Fadnavis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF9933; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N._Biren_Singh" title="N. Biren Singh">N. Biren Singh</a> (incumbent)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF9933; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Charan_Majhi" title="Mohan Charan Majhi">Mohan Charan Majhi</a> (incumbent)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF9933; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhairon_Singh_Shekhawat" title="Bhairon Singh Shekhawat">Bhairon Singh Shekhawat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasundhara_Raje" title="Vasundhara Raje">Vasundhara Raje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhajan_Lal_Sharma" title="Bhajan Lal Sharma">Bhajan Lal Sharma</a> (incumbent)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF9933; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biplab_Kumar_Deb" title="Biplab Kumar Deb">Biplab Kumar Deb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manik_Saha" title="Manik Saha">Manik Saha</a> (incumbent)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF9933; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nityanand_Swami_(politician)" title="Nityanand Swami (politician)">Nityanand Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Singh_Koshyari" title="Bhagat Singh Koshyari">Bhagat Singh Koshyari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._C._Khanduri" title="B. C. Khanduri">B. C. Khanduri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesh_Pokhriyal" title="Ramesh Pokhriyal">Ramesh Pokhriyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trivendra_Singh_Rawat" title="Trivendra Singh Rawat">Trivendra Singh Rawat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirath_Singh_Rawat" title="Tirath Singh Rawat">Tirath Singh Rawat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushkar_Singh_Dhami" title="Pushkar Singh Dhami">Pushkar Singh Dhami</a> (incumbent)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF9933; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalyan_Singh" title="Kalyan Singh">Kalyan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Prakash_Gupta" title="Ram Prakash Gupta">Ram Prakash Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajnath_Singh" title="Rajnath Singh">Rajnath Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogi_Adityanath" title="Yogi Adityanath">Yogi Adityanath</a> (incumbent)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#FF9933; color:black;"><div><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_16th_Lok_Sabha_from_Uttar_Pradesh_State179" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:16th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Template:16th Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:16th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Template talk:16th Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:16th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Special:EditPage/Template:16th Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_16th_Lok_Sabha_from_Uttar_Pradesh_State179" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_16th_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 16th Lok Sabha">Members</a> of the <a href="/wiki/16th_Lok_Sabha" title="16th Lok Sabha">16th</a> <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> from <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a> State</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election" title="2014 Indian general election">GE 2014</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Ajay_Kumar_Mishra" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajay Kumar Mishra">Ajay Kumar Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akshay_Yadav" title="Akshay Yadav">Akshay Yadav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anju_Bala" title="Anju Bala">Anju Bala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anupriya_Patel" title="Anupriya Patel">Anupriya Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshul_Verma" title="Anshul Verma">Anshul Verma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashok_Kumar_Doharey" title="Ashok Kumar Doharey">Ashok Kumar Doharey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhanu_Pratap_Singh_Verma" title="Bhanu Pratap Singh Verma">Bhanu Pratap Singh Verma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Singh" title="Bharat Singh">Bharat Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhairon_Prasad_Mishra" title="Bhairon Prasad Mishra">Bhairon Prasad Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhartendu_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhartendu Singh">Bhartendu Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhola_Singh_(Uttar_Pradesh_politician)" title="Bhola Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)">Bhola Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brij_Bhushan_Sharan_Singh" title="Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh">Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhotelal" class="mw-redirect" title="Chhotelal">Chhotelal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choudhary_Babulal" class="mw-redirect" title="Choudhary Babulal">Choudhary Babulal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daddan_Mishra" title="Daddan Mishra">Daddan Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devendra_Singh_(politician)" title="Devendra Singh (politician)">Devendra Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharmendra_Kashyap" title="Dharmendra Kashyap">Dharmendra Kashyap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharmendra_Yadav" title="Dharmendra Yadav">Dharmendra Yadav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimple_Yadav" title="Dimple Yadav">Dimple Yadav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harivansh_Singh" title="Harivansh Singh">Harivansh Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hari_Om_Pandey" title="Hari Om Pandey">Hari Om Pandey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harish_Dwivedi" title="Harish Dwivedi">Harish Dwivedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harinarayan_Rajbhar" title="Harinarayan Rajbhar">Harinarayan Rajbhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hema_Malini" title="Hema Malini">Hema Malini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukum_Singh" title="Hukum Singh">Hukum Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagdambika_Pal" title="Jagdambika Pal">Jagdambika Pal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalraj_Mishra" title="Kalraj Mishra">Kalraj Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamlesh_Paswan" title="Kamlesh Paswan">Kamlesh Paswan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanwar_Singh_Tanwar" title="Kanwar Singh Tanwar">Kanwar Singh Tanwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaushal_Kishore_(politician)" title="Kaushal Kishore (politician)">Kaushal Kishore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshav_Prasad_Maurya" title="Keshav Prasad Maurya">Keshav Prasad Maurya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirti_Vardhan_Singh" title="Kirti Vardhan Singh">Kirti Vardhan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Pratap" title="Krishna Pratap">Krishna Pratap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Raj" title="Krishna Raj">Krishna Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunwar_Pushpendra_Singh_Chandel" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunwar Pushpendra Singh Chandel">Kunwar Pushpendra Singh Chandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunwar_Sarvesh_Kumar_Singh" title="Kunwar Sarvesh Kumar Singh">Kunwar Sarvesh Kumar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lallu_Singh" title="Lallu Singh">Lallu Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahendra_Nath_Pandey" title="Mahendra Nath Pandey">Mahendra Nath Pandey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukesh_Rajput" title="Mukesh Rajput">Mukesh Rajput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahesh_Sharma" title="Mahesh Sharma">Mahesh Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maneka_Gandhi" title="Maneka Gandhi">Maneka Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manoj_Sinha" title="Manoj Sinha">Manoj Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulayam_Singh_Yadav" title="Mulayam Singh Yadav">Mulayam Singh Yadav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murali_Manohar_Joshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Murali Manohar Joshi">Murali Manohar Joshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naipal_Singh" title="Naipal Singh">Naipal Singh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Narendra Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neelam_Sonkar" title="Neelam Sonkar">Neelam Sonkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niranjan_Jyoti" title="Niranjan Jyoti">Niranjan Jyoti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pankaj_Choudhary" class="mw-redirect" title="Pankaj Choudhary">Pankaj Choudhary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priyanka_Singh_Rawat" title="Priyanka Singh Rawat">Priyanka Singh Rawat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghav_Lakhanpal" title="Raghav Lakhanpal">Raghav Lakhanpal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahul_Gandhi" title="Rahul Gandhi">Rahul Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Agrawal" title="Rajendra Agrawal">Rajendra Agrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajesh_Diwakar" title="Rajesh Diwakar">Rajesh Diwakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajesh_Pandey" title="Rajesh Pandey">Rajesh Pandey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajesh_Verma_(Sitapur_politician)" title="Rajesh Verma (Sitapur politician)">Rajesh Verma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajnath_Singh" title="Rajnath Singh">Rajnath Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajveer_Singh" title="Rajveer Singh">Rajveer Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Shankar_Katheria" title="Ram Shankar Katheria">Ram Shankar Katheria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Charitra_Nishad" title="Ram Charitra Nishad">Ram Charitra Nishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravindra_Kushawaha" title="Ravindra Kushawaha">Ravindra Kushawaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekha_Verma" title="Rekha Verma">Rekha Verma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakshi_Maharaj" title="Sakshi Maharaj">Sakshi Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjeev_Balyan" title="Sanjeev Balyan">Sanjeev Balyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santosh_Kumar_Gangwar" class="mw-redirect" title="Santosh Kumar Gangwar">Santosh Kumar Gangwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Pal_Singh_(Uttar_Pradesh_politician)" title="Satya Pal Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)">Satya Pal Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyapal_Singh_Saini" title="Satyapal Singh Saini">Satyapal Singh Saini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satish_Kumar_Gautam" title="Satish Kumar Gautam">Satish Kumar Gautam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savitri_Bai_Phule" title="Savitri Bai Phule">Savitri Bai Phule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharad_Tripathi" title="Sharad Tripathi">Sharad Tripathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyama_Charan_Gupta" title="Shyama Charan Gupta">Shyama Charan Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Gandhi" title="Sonia Gandhi">Sonia Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uma_Bharti" title="Uma Bharti">Uma Bharti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varun_Gandhi" title="Varun Gandhi">Varun Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinod_Kumar_Sonkar" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinod Kumar Sonkar">Vinod Kumar Sonkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virendra_Singh_Mast" title="Virendra Singh Mast">Virendra Singh Mast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._K._Singh" title="V. K. Singh">V. K. Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwant_Singh_(Lok_Sabha_member)" title="Yashwant Singh (Lok Sabha member)">Yashwant Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogi_Adityanath" title="Yogi Adityanath">Yogi Adityanath</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By-election 2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tej_Pratap_Singh_Yadav" title="Tej Pratap Singh Yadav">Tej Pratap Singh Yadav</a> <ul><li>Pre-by poll: <a href="/wiki/Mulayam_Singh_Yadav" title="Mulayam Singh Yadav">Mulayam Singh Yadav</a> – resigned</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_17th_Lok_Sabha_from_Uttar_Pradesh_State2976" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Template talk:17th Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Special:EditPage/Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_17th_Lok_Sabha_from_Uttar_Pradesh_State2976" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_17th_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 17th Lok Sabha">Members</a> of the <a href="/wiki/17th_Lok_Sabha" title="17th Lok Sabha">17th</a> <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> from <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a> State</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election" title="2019 Indian general election">GE 2019</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Afzal_Ansari" title="Afzal Ansari">Afzal Ansari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajay_Kumar_Mishra" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajay Kumar Mishra">Ajay Kumar Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhilesh_Yadav" title="Akhilesh Yadav">Akhilesh Yadav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akshaibar_Lal" title="Akshaibar Lal">Akshaibar Lal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anurag_Sharma_(politician)" title="Anurag Sharma (politician)">Anurag Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anupriya_Patel" title="Anupriya Patel">Anupriya Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Kumar_Sagar" title="Arun Kumar Sagar">Arun Kumar Sagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashok_Kumar_Rawat" title="Ashok Kumar Rawat">Ashok Kumar Rawat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atul_Rai" title="Atul Rai">Atul Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azam_Khan_(politician)" title="Azam Khan (politician)">Azam Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhanu_Pratap_Singh_Verma" title="Bhanu Pratap Singh Verma">Bhanu Pratap Singh Verma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhola_Singh_(Uttar_Pradesh_politician)" title="Bhola Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)">Bhola Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._P._Saroj" title="B. P. Saroj">B. P. Saroj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brij_Bhushan_Sharan_Singh" title="Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh">Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Sen_Jadon" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandra Sen Jadon">Chandra Sen Jadon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devendra_Singh_(politician)" title="Devendra Singh (politician)">Devendra Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharmendra_Kashyap" title="Dharmendra Kashyap">Dharmendra Kashyap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girish_Chandra" title="Girish Chandra">Girish Chandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harish_Dwivedi" title="Harish Dwivedi">Harish Dwivedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_Fazlur_Rehman" title="Haji Fazlur Rehman">Haji Fazlur Rehman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hema_Malini" title="Hema Malini">Hema Malini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagdambika_Pal" title="Jagdambika Pal">Jagdambika Pal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jai_Prakash" title="Jai Prakash">Jai Prakash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamlesh_Paswan" title="Kamlesh Paswan">Kamlesh Paswan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaushal_Kishore_(politician)" title="Kaushal Kishore (politician)">Kaushal Kishore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshari_Devi_Patel" title="Keshari Devi Patel">Keshari Devi Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirti_Vardhan_Singh" title="Kirti Vardhan Singh">Kirti Vardhan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunwar_Danish_Ali" title="Kunwar Danish Ali">Kunwar Danish Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunwar_Pushpendra_Singh_Chandel" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunwar Pushpendra Singh Chandel">Kunwar Pushpendra Singh Chandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lallu_Singh" title="Lallu Singh">Lallu Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahendra_Nath_Pandey" title="Mahendra Nath Pandey">Mahendra Nath Pandey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahesh_Sharma" title="Mahesh Sharma">Mahesh Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukesh_Rajput" title="Mukesh Rajput">Mukesh Rajput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malook_Nagar" title="Malook Nagar">Malook Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maneka_Gandhi" title="Maneka Gandhi">Maneka Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulayam_Singh_Yadav" title="Mulayam Singh Yadav">Mulayam Singh Yadav</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Narendra Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niranjan_Jyoti" title="Niranjan Jyoti">Niranjan Jyoti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakauri_Lal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakauri Lal">Pakauri Lal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pankaj_Choudhary" class="mw-redirect" title="Pankaj Choudhary">Pankaj Choudhary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradeep_Choudhary" class="mw-redirect" title="Pradeep Choudhary">Pradeep Choudhary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praveen_Kumar_Nishad" title="Praveen Kumar Nishad">Praveen Kumar Nishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Agrawal" title="Rajendra Agrawal">Rajendra Agrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajesh_Verma_(Sitapur_politician)" title="Rajesh Verma (Sitapur politician)">Rajesh Verma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajkumar_Chahar" title="Rajkumar Chahar">Rajkumar Chahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajnath_Singh" title="Rajnath Singh">Rajnath Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajveer_Singh" title="Rajveer Singh">Rajveer Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajvir_Singh_Diler" title="Rajvir Singh Diler">Rajvir Singh Diler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Shankar_Katheria" title="Ram Shankar Katheria">Ram Shankar Katheria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Shiromani_Verma" title="Ram Shiromani Verma">Ram Shiromani Verma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramapati_Ram_Tripathi" title="Ramapati Ram Tripathi">Ramapati Ram Tripathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesh_Chand" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramesh Chand">Ramesh Chand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Kishan" title="Ravi Kishan">Ravi Kishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravindra_Kushawaha" title="Ravindra Kushawaha">Ravindra Kushawaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekha_Verma" title="Rekha Verma">Rekha Verma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_Bahuguna_Joshi" title="Rita Bahuguna Joshi">Rita Bahuguna Joshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritesh_Pandey" title="Ritesh Pandey">Ritesh Pandey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._K._Singh_Patel" title="R. K. Singh Patel">R. K. Singh Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakshi_Maharaj" title="Sakshi Maharaj">Sakshi Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangam_Lal_Gupta" title="Sangam Lal Gupta">Sangam Lal Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangeeta_Azad" title="Sangeeta Azad">Sangeeta Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanghmitra_Maurya" title="Sanghmitra Maurya">Sanghmitra Maurya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjeev_Balyan" title="Sanjeev Balyan">Sanjeev Balyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santosh_Kumar_Gangwar" class="mw-redirect" title="Santosh Kumar Gangwar">Santosh Kumar Gangwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Pal_Singh_(Uttar_Pradesh_politician)" title="Satya Pal Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)">Satya Pal Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satish_Kumar_Gautam" title="Satish Kumar Gautam">Satish Kumar Gautam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyadev_Pachauri" title="Satyadev Pachauri">Satyadev Pachauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shafiqur_Rahman_Barq" title="Shafiqur Rahman Barq">Shafiqur Rahman Barq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyam_Singh_Yadav" title="Shyam Singh Yadav">Shyam Singh Yadav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smriti_Irani" title="Smriti Irani">Smriti Irani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Gandhi" title="Sonia Gandhi">Sonia Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._P._Singh_Baghel" title="S. P. Singh Baghel">S. P. Singh Baghel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._T._Hasan" title="S. T. Hasan">S. T. Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subrat_Pathak" title="Subrat Pathak">Subrat Pathak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upendra_Singh_Rawat" title="Upendra Singh Rawat">Upendra Singh Rawat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varun_Gandhi" title="Varun Gandhi">Varun Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijay_Kumar_Dubey" title="Vijay Kumar Dubey">Vijay Kumar Dubey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinod_Kumar_Sonkar" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinod Kumar Sonkar">Vinod Kumar Sonkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virendra_Singh_Mast" title="Virendra Singh Mast">Virendra Singh Mast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._K._Singh" title="V. K. Singh">V. K. Singh</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div style="float: left;"><a href="/wiki/Template:16th_LS_members_from_Uttar_Pradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:16th LS members from Uttar Pradesh">16th LS members</a> <a href="/wiki/Template:16th_LS_members_from_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Template:16th LS members from Uttar Pradesh"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></div><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/Template:18th_LS_members_from_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Template:18th LS members from Uttar Pradesh"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a> 18th LS members</div><div class="hlist center"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_17th_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 17th Lok Sabha">Members</a> of the <a href="/wiki/17th_Lok_Sabha" title="17th Lok Sabha">17th</a> <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> from <dl><dt>States</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Andhra Pradesh">AP</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Northeast_states" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Northeast states">AR</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Northeast_states" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Northeast states">AS</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Bihar" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Bihar">BR</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Chhattisgarh" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Chhattisgarh">CT</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Goa" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Goa">GA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Gujarat" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Gujarat">GJ</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Haryana" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Haryana">HR</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Himachal_Pradesh" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Himachal Pradesh">HP</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Jharkhand" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Jharkhand">JH</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Karnataka" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Karnataka">KA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Kerala" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Kerala">KL</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Madhya Pradesh">MP</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Maharashtra" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Maharashtra">MH</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Northeast_states" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Northeast states">ML</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Northeast_states" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Northeast states">MN</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Northeast_states" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Northeast states">MZ</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Northeast_states" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Northeast states">NL</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Odisha" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Odisha">OR</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Punjab" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Punjab">PB</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Rajasthan" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Rajasthan">RJ</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Northeast_states" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Northeast states">SK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Telangana" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Telangana">TG</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Tamil_Nadu" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu">TN</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Northeast_states" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Northeast states">TR</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh">UP</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Uttarakhand" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Uttarakhand">UT</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_West_Bengal" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from West Bengal">WB</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Union territories</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Union_territories" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Union territories">AN</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Union_territories" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Union territories">CH</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Union_territories" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Union territories">DH</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Union_territories" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Union territories">DL</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Jammu and Kashmir">JK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Union_territories" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Union territories">LA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Union_territories" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Union territories">LD</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_Union_territories" title="Template:17th Lok Sabha members from Union territories">PY</a></dd></dl> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=India&#124;alt=India_2014_Indian_general_election747" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2014_Indian_general_election" title="Template:2014 Indian general election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2014_Indian_general_election" title="Template talk:2014 Indian general election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2014_Indian_general_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2014 Indian general election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=India&#124;alt=India_2014_Indian_general_election747" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election" title="2014 Indian general election">2014 Indian general election</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Elected Prime Minister: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Narendra Modi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha">Constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_16th_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 16th Lok Sabha">MP's elected</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2014_Indian_general_election" title="Opinion polling for the 2014 Indian general election">Opinion polling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India" title="List of political parties in India">Parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2014_Indian_general_election" title="Results of the 2014 Indian general election">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2014_Indian_general_election" title="Timeline of the 2014 Indian general election">Timeline</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parliamentary Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Democratic_Alliance_candidates_in_the_2014_Indian_general_election" title="List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2014 Indian general election">NDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Progressive_Alliance_candidates_in_the_2014_Indian_general_election" title="List of United Progressive Alliance candidates in the 2014 Indian general election">UPA</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prime ministerial candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Narendra Modi</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">NDA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Jayalalithaa" title="J. Jayalalithaa">J. Jayalalithaa</a> (<a href="/wiki/AIADMK" class="mw-redirect" title="AIADMK">AIADMK</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India" title="List of political parties in India">Parties</a> and leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rajnath_Singh" title="Rajnath Singh">Singh</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahujan_Samaj_Party" title="Bahujan Samaj Party">BSP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mayawati" title="Mayawati">Mayawati</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India" title="Communist Party of India">CPI</a> (<a href="/wiki/Suravaram_Sudhakar_Reddy" title="Suravaram Sudhakar Reddy">Reddy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">CPI(M)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prakash_Karat" title="Prakash Karat">Karat</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">INC</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sonia_Gandhi" title="Sonia Gandhi">Gandhi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Congress_Party" title="Nationalist Congress Party">NCP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sharad_Pawar" title="Sharad Pawar">Pawar</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aam_Aadmi_Party" title="Aam Aadmi Party">AAP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arvind_Kejriwal" title="Arvind Kejriwal">Kejriwal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asom_Gana_Parishad" title="Asom Gana Parishad">AGP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prafulla_Kumar_Mahanta" title="Prafulla Kumar Mahanta">Mahanta</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Anna_Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">AIADMK</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jayalalithaa" class="mw-redirect" title="Jayalalithaa">Jayalalithaa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Forward_Bloc" title="All India Forward Bloc">AIFB</a> (<a href="/wiki/N._Velappan_Nair" class="mw-redirect" title="N. Velappan Nair">Nair</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_N.R._Congress" title="All India N.R. Congress">AINRC</a> (<a href="/wiki/N._Rangasamy" class="mw-redirect" title="N. Rangasamy">Rangasamy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Trinamool_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="All India Trinamool Congress">AITC</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mamata_Banerjee" title="Mamata Banerjee">Banerjee</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_United_Democratic_Front" title="All India United Democratic Front">AIUDF</a> (<a href="/wiki/Badruddin_Ajmal" title="Badruddin Ajmal">Ajmal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AJSU_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="AJSU Party">AJSUP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sudesh_Mahto" title="Sudesh Mahto">Mahto</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biju_Janata_Dal" title="Biju Janata Dal">BJD</a> (<a href="/wiki/Naveen_Patnaik" title="Naveen Patnaik">Patnaik</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodoland_People%27s_Front" title="Bodoland People's Front">BPF</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hagrama_Mohilary" title="Hagrama Mohilary">Mohilary</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Rashtra_Samithi" title="Bharat Rashtra Samithi">BRS</a> (<a href="/wiki/K._Chandrashekar_Rao" title="K. Chandrashekar Rao">Rao</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desiya_Murpokku_Dravida_Kazhagam" title="Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam">DMDK</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vijayakant" class="mw-redirect" title="Vijayakant">Vijayakant</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">DMK</a> (<a href="/wiki/Karunanidhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Karunanidhi">Karunanidhi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryana_Janhit_Congress_(BL)" title="Haryana Janhit Congress (BL)">HJC(BL)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kuldeep_Bishnoi" title="Kuldeep Bishnoi">Bishnoi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Lok_Dal" title="Indian National Lok Dal">INLD</a> (<a href="/wiki/Om_Prakash_Chautala" title="Om Prakash Chautala">Chautala</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Union_Muslim_League" title="Indian Union Muslim League">IUML</a> (<a href="/wiki/E._Ahamed" title="E. Ahamed">Ahamed</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(Secular)" title="Janata Dal (Secular)">JD(S)</a> (<a href="/wiki/H.D._Deve_Gowda" class="mw-redirect" title="H.D. Deve Gowda">Gowda</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(United)" title="Janata Dal (United)">JD(U)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nitish_Kumar" title="Nitish Kumar">Kumar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_%26_Kashmir_National_Conference" title="Jammu & Kashmir National Conference">JKNC</a> (<a href="/wiki/Omar_Abdullah" title="Omar Abdullah">Abdullah</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_%26_Kashmir_National_Panthers_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu & Kashmir National Panthers Party">JKNPP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Balwant_Singh_Mankotia" title="Balwant Singh Mankotia">Mankotia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_%26_Kashmir_Peoples_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu & Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party">JKPDP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mufti_Mohammad_Sayeed" title="Mufti Mohammad Sayeed">Sayeed</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand_Mukti_Morcha" title="Jharkhand Mukti Morcha">JMM</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shibu_Soren" title="Shibu Soren">Soren</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand_Vikas_Morcha_(Prajatantrik)" title="Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)">JVK(P)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Babulal_Marandi" title="Babulal Marandi">Marandi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Congress_(M)" title="Kerala Congress (M)">KC(M)</a> (<a href="/wiki/K._M._Mani" title="K. M. Mani">Mani</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lok_Jan_Shakti_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Lok Jan Shakti Party">LJSP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ram_Vilas_Paswan" title="Ram Vilas Paswan">Paswan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Navnirman_Sena" title="Maharashtra Navnirman Sena">MNS</a> (<a href="/wiki/Raj_Thackeray" title="Raj Thackeray">Thackeray</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_People%27s_Front" title="Naga People's Front">NPF</a> (<a href="/wiki/T._R._Zeliang" title="T. R. Zeliang">Zeliang</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Party_(India)" title="National People's Party (India)">NPP</a> (<a href="/wiki/P._A._Sangma" title="P. A. Sangma">Sangma</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattali_Makkal_Katchi" title="Pattali Makkal Katchi">PMK</a> (<a href="/wiki/S._Ramadoss" title="S. Ramadoss">Ramadoss</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Arunachal" title="People's Party of Arunachal">PPA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nikh_Kamin" title="Nikh Kamin">Kamin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Janata_Dal" title="Rashtriya Janata Dal">RJD</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lalu_Prasad_Yadav" title="Lalu Prasad Yadav">Yadav</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Lok_Dal" title="Rashtriya Lok Dal">RLD</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ajit_Singh_(politician,_born_1939)" title="Ajit Singh (politician, born 1939)">Singh</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Socialist_Party_(India)" title="Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)">RSP</a> (<a href="/wiki/T._J._Chandrachoodan" title="T. J. Chandrachoodan">Chandrachoodan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiromani_Akali_Dal" title="Shiromani Akali Dal">SAD</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sukhbir_Singh_Badal" title="Sukhbir Singh Badal">Badal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Democratic_Front" title="Sikkim Democratic Front">SDF</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pawan_Kumar_Chamling" title="Pawan Kumar Chamling">Chamling</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samajwadi_Party" title="Samajwadi Party">SP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mulayam_Singh_Yadav" title="Mulayam Singh Yadav">Yadav</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiv_Sena_(1966%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiv Sena (1966–2022)">SS</a> (<a href="/wiki/Uddhav_Thackeray" title="Uddhav Thackeray">Thackeray</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Desam_Party" title="Telugu Desam Party">TDP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nara_Chandrababu_Naidu" class="mw-redirect" title="Nara Chandrababu Naidu">Naidu</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Party_(Meghalaya)" title="United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)">UDP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Donkupar_Roy" title="Donkupar Roy">Roy</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_All_India_Forward_Bloc_candidates_in_the_2014_Indian_general_election" title="List of All India Forward Bloc candidates in the 2014 Indian general election">AIFB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)_candidates_in_the_2014_Indian_general_election" title="List of Communist Party of India (Marxist) candidates in the 2014 Indian general election">CPI(M)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Left_Democratic_Front_candidates_in_the_2014_Indian_general_election" title="List of Left Democratic Front candidates in the 2014 Indian general election">LDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Democratic_Alliance_candidates_in_the_2014_Indian_general_election" title="List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2014 Indian general election">NDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Progressive_Alliance_candidates_in_the_2014_Indian_general_election" title="List of United Progressive Alliance candidates in the 2014 Indian general election">UPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_West_Bengal_Left_Front_candidates_in_the_2014_Indian_general_election" title="List of West Bengal Left Front candidates in the 2014 Indian general election">WBLF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Campaigning_in_the_2014_Indian_general_election" title="Campaigning in the 2014 Indian general election">Campaign</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party_campaign_for_the_2014_Indian_general_election" title="Bharatiya Janata Party campaign for the 2014 Indian general election">BJP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress_campaign_for_the_2014_Indian_general_election" title="Indian National Congress campaign for the 2014 Indian general election">INC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="2014 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election_in_Arunachal_Pradesh" title="2014 Indian general election in Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election_in_Assam" title="2014 Indian general election in Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election_in_Bihar" title="2014 Indian general election in Bihar">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election_in_Chhattisgarh" title="2014 Indian general election in Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election_in_Goa" title="2014 Indian general election in Goa">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election_in_Gujarat" title="2014 Indian general election in Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election_in_Haryana" title="2014 Indian general election in Haryana">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election_in_Himachal_Pradesh" title="2014 Indian general election in Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="2014 Indian general election in Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election_in_Jharkhand" title="2014 Indian general election in Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election_in_Karnataka" title="2014 Indian general election in Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election_in_Kerala" title="2014 Indian general election in Kerala">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election_in_Madhya_Pradesh" title="2014 Indian general election in Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election_in_Maharashtra" title="2014 Indian general election in Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election_in_Manipur" title="2014 Indian general election in Manipur">Manipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election_in_Meghalaya" title="2014 Indian general election in Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election_in_Mizoram" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Indian general election in Mizoram">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election_in_Nagaland" title="2014 Indian general election in Nagaland">Nagaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election_in_Delhi" title="2014 Indian general election in Delhi">National Capital Territory of Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election_in_Odisha" title="2014 Indian general election in Odisha">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election_in_Punjab" title="2014 Indian general election in Punjab">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election_in_Rajasthan" title="2014 Indian general election in Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election_in_Sikkim" title="2014 Indian general election in Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="2014 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election_in_Tripura" title="2014 Indian general election in Tripura">Tripura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election_in_Uttar_Pradesh" title="2014 Indian general election in Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election_in_Uttarakhand" title="2014 Indian general election in Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election_in_West_Bengal" title="2014 Indian general election in West Bengal">West Bengal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=India&#124;alt=India_2019_Indian_general_election690" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2019_Indian_general_election" title="Template:2019 Indian general election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2019_Indian_general_election" title="Template talk:2019 Indian general election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2019_Indian_general_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2019 Indian general election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=India&#124;alt=India_2019_Indian_general_election690" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election" title="2019 Indian general election">2019 Indian general election</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Elected Prime Minister: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Narendra Modi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha">Constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_17th_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 17th Lok Sabha">MPs elected</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2019_Indian_general_election" title="Opinion polling for the 2019 Indian general election">Opinion polling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India" title="List of political parties in India">Parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2019_Indian_general_election" title="Results of the 2019 Indian general election">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019_Indian_general_election" title="Timeline of the 2019 Indian general election">Timeline</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parliamentary Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Democratic_Alliance_candidates_in_the_2019_Indian_general_election" title="List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2019 Indian general election">NDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Progressive_Alliance_candidates_in_the_2019_Indian_general_election" title="List of United Progressive Alliance candidates in the 2019 Indian general election">UPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Left_Front_candidates_in_the_2019_Indian_general_election" title="List of Left Front candidates in the 2019 Indian general election">Left Front</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prime ministerial candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Narendra Modi</a> (BJP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahul_Gandhi" title="Rahul Gandhi">Rahul Gandhi</a> (Congress)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India" title="List of political parties in India">Parties</a> and leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Trinamool_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="All India Trinamool Congress">AITC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mamata_Banerjee" title="Mamata Banerjee">Banerjee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Modi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahujan_Samaj_Party" title="Bahujan Samaj Party">BSP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayawati" title="Mayawati">Mayawati</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India" title="Communist Party of India">CPI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S._Sudhakar_Reddy" class="mw-redirect" title="S. Sudhakar Reddy">S. S. Reddy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">CPI(M)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sitaram_Yechury" title="Sitaram Yechury">Yechury</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">INC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rahul_Gandhi" title="Rahul Gandhi">Gandhi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Congress_Party" title="Nationalist Congress Party">NCP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sharad_Pawar" title="Sharad Pawar">Pawar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aam_Aadmi_Party" title="Aam Aadmi Party">AAP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arvind_Kejriwal" title="Arvind Kejriwal">Kejriwal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Anna_Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">AIADMK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/O._Panneerselvam" title="O. Panneerselvam">Panneerselvam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Forward_Bloc" title="All India Forward Bloc">AIFB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Debabrata_Biswas_(politician)" title="Debabrata Biswas (politician)">Biswas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biju_Janata_Dal" title="Biju Janata Dal">BJD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naveen_Patnaik" title="Naveen Patnaik">Patnaik</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">DMK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M._K._Stalin" title="M. K. Stalin">Stalin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Lok_Dal" title="Indian National Lok Dal">INLD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Om_Prakash_Chautala" title="Om Prakash Chautala">Chautala</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(Secular)" title="Janata Dal (Secular)">JD(S)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H._D._Deve_Gowda" title="H. D. Deve Gowda">Deve Gowda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(United)" title="Janata Dal (United)">JD(U)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nitish_Kumar" title="Nitish Kumar">Kumar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_%26_Kashmir_National_Conference" title="Jammu & Kashmir National Conference">JKNC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Abdullah" title="Omar Abdullah">Abdullah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Peoples_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party">JKPDP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehbooba_Mufti" title="Mehbooba Mufti">Mufti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand_Mukti_Morcha" title="Jharkhand Mukti Morcha">JMM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shibu_Soren" title="Shibu Soren">Soren</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand_Vikas_Morcha_(Prajatantrik)" title="Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)">JVM(P)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babulal_Marandi" title="Babulal Marandi">Marandi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_National_Front" title="Mizo National Front">MNF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zoramthanga" title="Zoramthanga">Zoramthanga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_People%27s_Front" title="Naga People's Front">NPF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T._R._Zeliang" title="T. R. Zeliang">Zeliang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Party_(India)" title="National People's Party (India)">NPP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Sangma" title="Conrad Sangma">Sangma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Janata_Dal" title="Rashtriya Janata Dal">RJD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lalu_Prasad_Yadav" title="Lalu Prasad Yadav">L. P. Yadav</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Lok_Dal" title="Rashtriya Lok Dal">RLD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajit_Singh_(politician,_born_1939)" title="Ajit Singh (politician, born 1939)">Singh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Loktantrik_Party" title="Rashtriya Loktantrik Party">RLP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman_Beniwal" title="Hanuman Beniwal">Beniwal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Socialist_Party_(India)" title="Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)">RSP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T._J._Chandrachoodan" title="T. J. Chandrachoodan">Chandrachoodan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samajwadi_Party" title="Samajwadi Party">SP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhilesh_Yadav" title="Akhilesh Yadav">A. Yadav</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiv_Sena_(1966%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiv Sena (1966–2022)">SS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uddhav_Thackeray" title="Uddhav Thackeray">Thackeray</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Desam_Party" title="Telugu Desam Party">TDP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N._Chandrababu_Naidu" title="N. Chandrababu Naidu">Naidu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana_Rashtra_Samithi" class="mw-redirect" title="Telangana Rashtra Samithi">TRS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K._Chandrashekar_Rao" title="K. Chandrashekar Rao">Rao</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YSR_Congress_Party" title="YSR Congress Party">YSRCP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Y._S._Jaganmohan_Reddy" class="mw-redirect" title="Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy">Y. S. J. Reddy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Campaign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party_campaign_for_the_2019_Indian_general_election" title="Bharatiya Janata Party campaign for the 2019 Indian general election">BJP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress_campaign_for_the_2019_Indian_general_election" title="Indian National Congress campaign for the 2019 Indian general election">Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election_in_the_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="2019 Indian general election in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="2019 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election_in_Arunachal_Pradesh" title="2019 Indian general election in Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election_in_Assam" title="2019 Indian general election in Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election_in_Bihar" title="2019 Indian general election in Bihar">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election_in_Chhattisgarh" title="2019 Indian general election in Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election_in_Delhi" title="2019 Indian general election in Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election_in_Goa" title="2019 Indian general election in Goa">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election_in_Gujarat" title="2019 Indian general election in Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election_in_Haryana" title="2019 Indian general election in Haryana">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election_in_Himachal_Pradesh" title="2019 Indian general election in Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="2019 Indian general election in Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election_in_Jharkhand" title="2019 Indian general election in Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election_in_Karnataka" title="2019 Indian general election in Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election_in_Kerala" title="2019 Indian general election in Kerala">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election_in_Madhya_Pradesh" title="2019 Indian general election in Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election_in_Maharashtra" title="2019 Indian general election in Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election_in_Manipur" title="2019 Indian general election in Manipur">Manipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election_in_Meghalaya" title="2019 Indian general election in Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizoram_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)#General_Elections_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Mizoram (Lok Sabha constituency)">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaland_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)#General_Elections_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagaland (Lok Sabha constituency)">Nagaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election_in_Odisha" title="2019 Indian general election in Odisha">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election_in_Puducherry" title="2019 Indian general election in Puducherry">Puducherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election_in_Punjab" title="2019 Indian general election in Punjab">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election_in_Rajasthan" title="2019 Indian general election in Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election_in_Sikkim" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Indian general election in Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="2019 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election_in_Telangana" title="2019 Indian general election in Telangana">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election_in_Tripura" title="2019 Indian general election in Tripura">Tripura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election_in_Uttar_Pradesh" title="2019 Indian general election in Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election_in_Uttarakhand" title="2019 Indian general election in Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election_in_West_Bengal" title="2019 Indian general election in West Bengal">West Bengal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hindu_nationalism80" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFC569;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_nationalism" title="Template:Hindu nationalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hindu_nationalism" title="Template talk:Hindu nationalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu_nationalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu nationalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hindu_nationalism80" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">General ideology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffronisation" title="Saffronisation">Saffronisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integral_humanism_(India)" title="Integral humanism (India)">Integral Humanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">India</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangh_Parivar" title="Sangh Parivar">Sangh Parivar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj">Arya Samaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiv_Sena_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Shiv Sena (2022–present)">Shiv Sena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishva_Hindu_Parishad" title="Vishva Hindu Parishad">Vishva Hindu Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhinav_Bharat" title="Abhinav Bharat">Abhinav Bharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Akhara_Parishad" title="Akhil Bharatiya Akhara Parishad">Akhil Bharatiya Akhara Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharath_Dharma_Jana_Sena" title="Bharath Dharma Jana Sena">Bharath Dharma Jana Sena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Mahasabha" title="Hindu Mahasabha">Hindu Mahasabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karni_Sena" title="Karni Sena">Karni Sena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajrang_Dal" title="Bajrang Dal">Bajrang Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Gau_Raksha_Dal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharatiya Gau Raksha Dal">Bharatiya Gau Raksha Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janshakti_Party" title="Bharatiya Janshakti Party">Bharatiya Janshakti Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Jagran_Manch" title="Hindu Jagran Manch">Hindu Jagran Manch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Janajagruti_Samiti" title="Hindu Janajagruti Samiti">Hindu Janajagruti Samiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Munnani" title="Hindu Munnani">Hindu Munnani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Sena" title="Hindu Sena">Hindu Sena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Ram_Sena" title="Sri Ram Sena">Sri Ram Sena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtrawadi_Gomantak_Party" title="Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party">Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panun_Kashmir" title="Panun Kashmir">Panun Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanatan_Sanstha" title="Sanatan Sanstha">Sanatan Sanstha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virat_Hindustan_Sangam" title="Virat Hindustan Sangam">Virat Hindustan Sangam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Nepal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GFP_Ramdir_Sena" title="GFP Ramdir Sena">GFP Ramdir Sena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Prajatantrik_Party" title="Hindu Prajatantrik Party">Hindu Prajatantrik Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastriya_Prajatantra_Party" title="Rastriya Prajatantra Party">Rastriya Prajatantra Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanti_Party_Nepal" title="Shanti Party Nepal">Shanti Party Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivsena_Nepal" title="Shivsena Nepal">Shivsena Nepal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Overseas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangabhumi#Banga_Sena" title="Bangabhumi">Banga Sena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh">Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siva_Senai" title="Siva Senai">Siva Senai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HINDRAF" title="HINDRAF">HINDRAF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Ram_Rajya_Parishad" title="Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad">Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Dharma_Mahamandala" title="Bharat Dharma Mahamandala">Bharat Dharma Mahamandala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Jan_Sangh" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharatiya Jan Sangh">Bharatiya Jan Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_Praja_Parishad" title="Jammu Praja Parishad">Jammu Praja Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastriya_Prajatantra_Party_Nepal" title="Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal">Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Maha_Sabha_(Fiji)" title="Hindu Maha Sabha (Fiji)">Hindu Maha Sabha (Fiji)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Yuva_Vahini" title="Hindu Yuva Vahini">Hindu Yuva Vahini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiv_Sena_(1966%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiv Sena (1966–2022)">Shiv Sena (1966–2022)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dattopant_Thengadi" title="Dattopant Thengadi">Dattopant Thengadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syama_Prasad_Mukherjee" title="Syama Prasad Mukherjee">Syama Prasad Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deendayal_Upadhyaya" title="Deendayal Upadhyaya">Deendayal Upadhyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subramanian_Swamy" title="Subramanian Swamy">Subramanian Swamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanaji_Deshmukh" title="Nanaji Deshmukh">Nanaji Deshmukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kailashpati_Mishra" title="Kailashpati Mishra">Kailashpati Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">L. K. Advani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murli_Manohar_Joshi" title="Murli Manohar Joshi">Murli Manohar Joshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhukar_Dattatraya_Deoras" title="Madhukar Dattatraya Deoras">Madhukar Dattatraya Deoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushabhau_Thakre" title="Kushabhau Thakre">Kushabhau Thakre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Bhagwat" title="Mohan Bhagwat">Mohan Bhagwat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathuram_Godse" title="Nathuram Godse">Nathuram Godse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravin_Togadia" title="Pravin Togadia">Pravin Togadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koenraad_Elst" title="Koenraad Elst">Koenraad Elst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Gautier" title="François Gautier">François Gautier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Thapa" title="Kamal Thapa">Kamal Thapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Prasad_Lingden" title="Rajendra Prasad Lingden">Rajendra Prasad Lingden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Madhav" title="Ram Madhav">Ram Madhav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amit_Shah" title="Amit Shah">Amit Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digvijay_Nath" class="mw-redirect" title="Digvijay Nath">Digvijay Nath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._S._Sudarshan" title="K. S. Sudarshan">K. S. Sudarshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._S._Moonje" title="B. S. Moonje">B. S. Moonje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uma_Bharti" title="Uma Bharti">Uma Bharti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogi_Adityanath" title="Yogi Adityanath">Yogi Adityanath</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Narendra Modi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Events and controversies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi">Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_the_Babri_Masjid" title="Demolition of the Babri Masjid">Demolition of the Babri Masjid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Bhiwandi_riots" title="1970 Bhiwandi riots">1970 Bhiwandi riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva_boycott_of_Hindi_cinema" title="Hindutva boycott of Hindi cinema">Boycott of Hindi cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haridwar_hate_speeches" class="mw-redirect" title="Haridwar hate speeches">Haridwar hate speeches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_terrorism" title="Hindu terrorism">Hindu terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva_pop" title="Hindutva pop">Hindutva pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva_pseudohistory" title="Hindutva pseudohistory">Hindutva pseudohistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cow_vigilante_violence_in_India" title="Cow vigilante violence in India">Cow vigilante violence in India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sangh_Parivar_(RSS_Family_of_Organisations)188" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FF9933;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sangh_Parivar" title="Template:Sangh Parivar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sangh_Parivar" title="Template talk:Sangh Parivar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sangh_Parivar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sangh Parivar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sangh_Parivar_(RSS_Family_of_Organisations)188" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sangh_Parivar" title="Sangh Parivar">Sangh Parivar (RSS Family of Organisations)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FF9933;">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Foundation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Political party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> (1980-present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh">Bharatiya Jana Sangh</a> (1951-1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Ram_Rajya_Parishad" title="Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad">Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad</a> (1948-1971)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Religion-specific wings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vishva_Hindu_Parishad" title="Vishva Hindu Parishad">Vishva Hindu Parishad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bajrang_Dal" title="Bajrang Dal">Bajrang Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Vahini" title="Durga Vahini">Durga Vahini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Rashtriya_Manch" title="Muslim Rashtriya Manch">Muslim Rashtriya Manch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Sikh_Sangat" title="Rashtriya Sikh Sangat">Rashtriya Sikh Sangat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Jagarana_Vedike" title="Hindu Jagarana Vedike">Hindu Jagarana Vedike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharm_Jagaran_Samiti" title="Dharm Jagaran Samiti">Dharm Jagaran Samiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Rashtra_Sena" title="Hindu Rashtra Sena">Hindu Rashtra Sena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Strata and trade-based wings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Farmers wing: <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Kisan_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Kisan Sangh">Bharatiya Kisan Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtra_Sevika_Samiti" title="Rashtra Sevika Samiti">Rashtra Sevika Samiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh">Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Vidyarthi_Parishad" title="Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad">Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Mazdoor_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh">Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Hindu_Students%27_Forum" title="National Hindu Students' Forum">National Hindu Students' Forum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">NGOs and social welfare:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vidya_Bharati" title="Vidya Bharati">Vidya Bharati</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekal_Vidyalaya" title="Ekal Vidyalaya">Ekal Vidyalaya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seva_Bharati" title="Seva Bharati">Seva Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivekananda_Kendra" title="Vivekananda Kendra">Vivekananda Kendra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Vikas_Parishad" title="Bharat Vikas Parishad">Bharat Vikas Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanavasi_Kalyan_Ashram" title="Vanavasi Kalyan Ashram">Vanavasi Kalyan Ashram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Tribals_Society" title="Friends of Tribals Society">Friends of Tribals Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Lok_Shiksha_Parishad" title="Bharat Lok Shiksha Parishad">Bharat Lok Shiksha Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Development_and_Relief_Fund" title="India Development and Relief Fund">India Development and Relief Fund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Think tank affiliates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>India Foundation</li> <li>India Policy Foundation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swadeshi_Jagaran_Manch" class="mw-redirect" title="Swadeshi Jagaran Manch">Swadeshi Jagaran Manch</a></li> <li>Syama Prasad Mookerjee Research Foundation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivekananda_International_Foundation" title="Vivekananda International Foundation">Vivekananda International Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Itihas_Sankalan_Yojana" title="Akhil Bharatiya Itihas Sankalan Yojana">Akhil Bharatiya Itihas Sankalan Yojana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Project specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Janmabhoomi_Nyas" title="Ram Janmabhoomi Nyas">Ram Janmabhoomi Nyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabarimala_Ayyappa_Seva_Samajam" title="Sabarimala Ayyappa Seva Samajam">Sabarimala Ayyappa Seva Samajam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Region specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Munnani" title="Hindu Munnani">Hindu Munnani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Aikya_Vedi" title="Hindu Aikya Vedi">Hindu Aikya Vedi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">News and communication</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organiser_(magazine)" title="Organiser (magazine)">Organiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchjanya_(magazine)" title="Panchjanya (magazine)">Panchjanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishwa_Samvad_Kendra" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishwa Samvad Kendra">Vishwa Samvad Kendra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samskrita_Bharati" title="Samskrita Bharati">Samskrita Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kreeda_Bharati" title="Kreeda Bharati">Kreeda Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Hindu_Military_Education_Society" title="Central Hindu Military Education Society">Central Hindu Military Education Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FF9933;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sarsanghchalaks_of_the_Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sarsanghchalaks of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Sarsanghchalaks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Bhagwat" title="Mohan Bhagwat">Mohan Bhagwat</a> (2009–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K._S._Sudarshan" title="K. S. Sudarshan">K. S. Sudarshan</a> (2000–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Singh_(RSS)" title="Rajendra Singh (RSS)">Rajendra Singh</a> (1994–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhukar_Dattatraya_Deoras" title="Madhukar Dattatraya Deoras">Madhukar Dattatraya Deoras</a> (1973–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Golwalkar" title="M. S. Golwalkar">M. S. Golwalkar</a> (1940–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laxman_Vasudev_Paranjape" title="Laxman Vasudev Paranjape">Laxman Vasudev Paranjape</a> (1930–1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._B._Hedgewar" title="K. B. Hedgewar">K. B. Hedgewar</a> (1925–1930 and 1931–1940)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FF9933;">Other major figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Head of state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> (Prime Minister of India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">Lal Krishna Advani</a> (Deputy Prime Minister of India)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Narendra Modi</a> (Prime Minister of India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind">Ram Nath Kovind</a> (President of India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkaiah_Naidu" title="Venkaiah Naidu">Venkaiah Naidu</a> (Vice President of India)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Freedom fighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B._S._Moonje" title="B. S. Moonje">Balkrishna Shivram Moonje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Senior affiliates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashok_Singhal" title="Ashok Singhal">Ashok Singhal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babasaheb_Apte" title="Babasaheb Apte">Babasaheb Apte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Thackeray" title="Bal Thackeray">Bal Thackeray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinmayananda_Saraswati" title="Chinmayananda Saraswati">Chinmayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eknath_Ranade" title="Eknath Ranade">Eknath Ranade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabhakar_Balwant_Dani" title="Prabhakar Balwant Dani">Prabhakar Balwant Dani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praveen_Togadia" class="mw-redirect" title="Praveen Togadia">Praveen Togadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Madhav" title="Ram Madhav">Ram Madhav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramchandra_Das_Paramhans" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramchandra Das Paramhans">Ramchandra Das Paramhans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._S._Apte" title="S. S. Apte">S. S. Apte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suresh_Joshi_(RSS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suresh Joshi (RSS)">Suresh Joshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambhaji_Bhide" title="Sambhaji Bhide">Sambhaji Bhide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giriraj_Kishore" title="Giriraj Kishore">Giriraj Kishore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._N._Govindacharya" title="K. N. Govindacharya">K. N. Govindacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhukar_Rao_Bhagwat" title="Madhukar Rao Bhagwat">Madhukar Rao Bhagwat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Karpatri" title="Swami Karpatri">Swami Karpatri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FF9933;">Authors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_the_Sangh_Parivar" title="Bibliography of the Sangh Parivar">Bibliography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Shourie" title="Arun Shourie">Arun Shourie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Frawley" title="David Frawley">David Frawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._P._Agrawal" title="D. P. Agrawal">D. P. Agrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilip_Kumar_Chakrabarti" title="Dilip Kumar Chakrabarti">Dilip Kumar Chakrabarti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Gautier" title="François Gautier">François Gautier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koenraad_Elst" title="Koenraad Elst">Koenraad Elst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Danino" title="Michel Danino">Michel Danino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Malhotra" title="Rajiv Malhotra">Rajiv Malhotra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Gopal_(author)" title="Ram Gopal (author)">Ram Gopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhash_Kak" title="Subhash Kak">Subhash Kak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suresh_Chavhanke" title="Suresh Chavhanke">Suresh Chavhanke</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balraj_Madhok" title="Balraj Madhok">Balraj Madhok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharampal" title="Dharampal">Dharampal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girilal_Jain" title="Girilal Jain">Girilal Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._D._Sethna" title="K. D. Sethna">K. D. Sethna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._S._Lal" title="K. S. Lal">K. S. Lal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._S._Rajaram" title="N. S. Rajaram">N. S. Rajaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_Krishna" title="Raj Krishna">Raj Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Dixit" title="Rajiv Dixit">Rajiv Dixit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Swarup" title="Ram Swarup">Ram Swarup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita_Ram_Goel" title="Sita Ram Goel">Sita Ram Goel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaraj_Prakash_Gupta" title="Swaraj Prakash Gupta">Swaraj Prakash Gupta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FF9933;">Philosophy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Cultural Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Mata" title="Bharat Mata">Bharat Mata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_India" title="Greater India">Greater India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhand_Bharat" title="Akhand Bharat">Akhand Bharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianisation" title="Indianisation">Indianisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indian_influence_on_Southeast_Asia" title="History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia">Indian influence on Southeast Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indosphere" title="Indosphere">Indosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandala_(political_model)" title="Mandala (political model)">Mandala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanskritisation" title="Sanskritisation">Sanskritisation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integral_humanism_(India)" title="Integral humanism (India)">Integral humanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appeasement" title="Appeasement">Equality without appeasement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoritarianism" title="Minoritarianism">Anti-minoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarva_Dharma_Sama_Bhava" title="Sarva Dharma Sama Bhava">Sarva Dharma Sama Bhava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasudhaiva_Kutumbakam" title="Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam">Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma-Dhamma unity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Unity of Indian-origin religions</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/21px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/42px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header">Narendra Modi at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Narendra_Modi" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Narendra Modi">Media</a> from Commons</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/21px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/42px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Narendra_Modi" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Narendra Modi">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi" class="extiw" title="q:Narendra Modi">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/28px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Narendra_Damodardas_Modi" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Narendra Damodardas Modi">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/21px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/42px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058" class="extiw" title="d:Q1058">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link 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