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<ul id="toc-2011_protests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Involvement_of_international_government_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Involvement_of_international_government_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Involvement of international government organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Involvement_of_international_government_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2011_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011_Nobel_Peace_Prize"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>2011 Nobel Peace Prize</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-2011_Nobel_Peace_Prize-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 2011 Nobel Peace Prize subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-2011_Nobel_Peace_Prize-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Post-Nobel_Prize" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Nobel_Prize"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Post-Nobel Prize</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-Nobel_Prize-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hacking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hacking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Hacking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hacking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Documentary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Documentary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Documentary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Documentary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Writings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Facebook_Oversight_Board" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Facebook_Oversight_Board"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Facebook Oversight Board</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Facebook_Oversight_Board-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philanthropy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philanthropy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Philanthropy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philanthropy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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Available in 81 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">81 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkol_Karman" title="Tawakkol Karman – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tawakkol Karman" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkul_Karman" title="Tawakkul Karman – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Tawakkul Karman" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83%D9%84_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="توكل كرمان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توكل كرمان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="তাৱাক্কল কাৰমান – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="তাৱাক্কল কাৰমান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkul_Karman" title="Tawakkul Karman – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tawakkul Karman" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%99v%C9%99kk%C3%BCl_Karman" title="Təvəkkül Karman – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Təvəkkül Karman" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="তাওয়াক্কোল কারমান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তাওয়াক্কোল কারমান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkol_Karman" title="Tawakkol Karman – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tawakkol Karman" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тавакуль Карман – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тавакуль Карман" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тавакуль Карман – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тавакуль Карман" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тауакул Карман – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тауакул Карман" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakul_Karman" title="Tawakul Karman – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tawakul Karman" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkul_Karm%C3%A1nov%C3%A1" title="Tawakkul Karmánová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tawakkul Karmánová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkol_Karman" title="Tawakkol Karman – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tawakkol Karman" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkul_Karman" title="Tawakkul Karman – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tawakkul Karman" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkul_Karman" title="Tawakkul Karman – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Tawakkul Karman" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkol_Karman" title="Tawakkol Karman – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tawakkol Karman" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakul_Karm%C4%81n" title="Tawakul Karmān – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tawakul Karmān" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B1%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BB_%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD" title="Ταουακούλ Κάρμαν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ταουακούλ Κάρμαν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkul_Karman" title="Tawakkul Karman – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tawakkul Karman" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkul_Karman" title="Tawakkul Karman – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tawakkul Karman" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkol_Karman" title="Tawakkol Karman – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tawakkol Karman" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="توکل کرمان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توکل کرمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkol_Karman" title="Tawakkol Karman – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tawakkol Karman" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkul_Karman" title="Tawakkul Karman – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tawakkul Karman" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkul_Karman" title="Tawakkul Karman – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tawakkul Karman" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%80%EC%9A%B0%EC%99%81%EC%BF%A8_%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%EB%A7%8C" title="타우왁쿨 카르만 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="타우왁쿨 카르만" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%84%D6%84%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC_%D5%94%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Թավաքքուլ Քարման – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թավաքքուլ Քարման" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तवाकुल करमान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तवाकुल करमान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkul_Karman" title="Tawakkul Karman – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tawakkul Karman" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkul_Karman" title="Tawakkul Karman – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tawakkul Karman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkol_Karman" title="Tawakkol Karman – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tawakkol Karman" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkol_Karman" title="Tawakkol Karman – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tawakkol Karman" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkul_Karman" title="Tawakkul Karman – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tawakkul Karman" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9F" title="תוואכול כרמאן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תוואכול כרמאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ტავაკულ კარმანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტავაკულ კარმანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakel_Karman" title="Tawakel Karman – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tawakel Karman" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkul_Karman" title="Tawakkul Karman – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Tawakkul Karman" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkul_Karman" title="Tawakkul Karman – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tawakkul Karman" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tevekula_Kerm%C4%81na" title="Tevekula Kermāna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tevekula Kermāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavakkul_Karm%C3%A1n" title="Tavakkul Karmán – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tavakkul Karmán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तवाकुल करमान – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="तवाकुल करमान" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="തവക്കുൽ കർമാൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തവക്കുൽ കർമാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तवाकुल करमान – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तवाकुल करमान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83%D9%84_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="توكل كرمان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توكل كرمان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkol_Karman" title="Tawakkol Karman – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tawakkol Karman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkul_Karman" title="Tawakkul Karman – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tawakkul Karman" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तवाकुल करमान – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="तवाकुल करमान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AF%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3" title="タワックル・カルマン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タワックル・カルマン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkol_Karman" title="Tawakkol Karman – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tawakkol Karman" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkul_Karman" title="Tawakkul Karman – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tawakkul Karman" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkol_Karman" title="Tawakkol Karman – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tawakkol Karman" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਤਵੱਕਲ ਕਰਮਾਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਵੱਕਲ ਕਰਮਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83%D9%84_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="توكل كرمان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="توكل كرمان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkul_Karman" title="Tawakkul Karman – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Tawakkul Karman" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkul_Karman" title="Tawakkul Karman – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tawakkul Karman" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakel_Karman" title="Tawakel Karman – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tawakel Karman" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkul_Karman" title="Tawakkul Karman – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tawakkul Karman" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkul_Karman" title="Tawakkul Karman – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Tawakkul Karman" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Карман, Тавакуль – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Карман, Тавакуль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkol_Karman" title="Tawakkol Karman – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tawakkol Karman" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkul_Karman" title="Tawakkul Karman – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tawakkul Karman" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakel_Karman" title="Tawakel Karman – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tawakel Karman" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkul_Karm%C3%A1nov%C3%A1" title="Tawakkul Karmánová – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tawakkul Karmánová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavakul_Karman" title="Tavakul Karman – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tavakul Karman" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تەوەکەل کرمان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تەوەکەل کرمان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тавакул Карман – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тавакул Карман" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkul_Karman" title="Tawakkul Karman – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tawakkul Karman" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkul_Karman" title="Tawakkul Karman – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tawakkul Karman" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="தவக்குல் கர்மான் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தவக்குல் கர்மான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тавакуль Карман – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тавакуль Карман" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="తవాకెల్ కర్మన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="తవాకెల్ కర్మన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ตะวักกุล กัรมาน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตะวักกุล กัรมาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tevekk%C3%BCl_Karman" title="Tevekkül Karman – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tevekkül Karman" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Карман, Тавакуль – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Карман, Тавакуль" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тавакуль Карман – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тавакуль Карман" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="توکل کرمان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="توکل کرمان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkul_Karman" title="Tawakkul Karman – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tawakkul Karman" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E7%93%A6%E5%BA%93%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%9B%BC" title="塔瓦库·卡曼 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="塔瓦库·卡曼" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Yemeni-Turkish journalist, politician and human rights activist</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Tawakkol Karman</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="nickname" lang="ar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">توكل كرمان</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tawakkol_Karman_Photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Tawakel Karman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tawakkol_Karman_Photo.jpg/225px-Tawakkol_Karman_Photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tawakkol_Karman_Photo.jpg/338px-Tawakkol_Karman_Photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tawakkol_Karman_Photo.jpg/450px-Tawakkol_Karman_Photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="3750" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Karman in 2012</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1979-02-07</span>) </span>7 February 1979<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 45)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Taiz_Governorate" title="Taiz Governorate">Taiz Governorate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Republic of Yemen</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Yemeni</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Yemeni</li><li>Turkish</li></ul></div><sup id="cite_ref-aanews_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aanews-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Lowell" title="University of Massachusetts Lowell">University of Massachusetts Lowell</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Sanaa_University" title="Sanaa University">Sanaa University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Journalist<br />Politician<br />Human rights activist<br />Revolutionary</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movement</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunisian Revolution">Jasmine Revolution</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Mohammed Al-Nehmi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Abdulsalam Khaled Karman (Father)<br />Anisah Hussein Abdullah Al Aswadi (Mother)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data">Eshraq Karman (sister)<br />Entesar Karman (sister)<br />Mohameed Karman (brother)<br />Khaled Karman (brother)<br />Hakimah Karman (sister)<br />Tariq Karman (brother)<br />Khadejah Karman (sister)<br />Huda Karman (sister)<br /><a href="/wiki/Safa_Karman" title="Safa Karman">Safa Karman</a> (sister)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> (<a href="/wiki/2011_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2011 Nobel Peace Prize">2011</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tawakkolkarman.net/en">Tawakkol Karman's personal website</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tkif.org/en/">Tawakkol Karman Foundation</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Tawakkol_Karman_%28English%29.ogv/220px-seek%3D0.2-Tawakkol_Karman_%28English%29.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="52" data-mwtitle="Tawakkol_Karman_(English).ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Tawakkol_Karman_(English).ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/Tawakkol_Karman_%28English%29.ogv/Tawakkol_Karman_%28English%29.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/Tawakkol_Karman_%28English%29.ogv/Tawakkol_Karman_%28English%29.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/Tawakkol_Karman_%28English%29.ogv/Tawakkol_Karman_%28English%29.ogv.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Tawakkol_Karman_%28English%29.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/Tawakkol_Karman_%28English%29.ogv/Tawakkol_Karman_%28English%29.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/Tawakkol_Karman_%28English%29.ogv/Tawakkol_Karman_%28English%29.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/Tawakkol_Karman_%28English%29.ogv/Tawakkol_Karman_%28English%29.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/Tawakkol_Karman_%28English%29.ogv/Tawakkol_Karman_%28English%29.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ATawakkol_Karman_%28English%29.ogv&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ATawakkol_Karman_%28English%29.ogv&lang=sv&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sv" label="svenska ‪(sv)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption>Karman in Stockholm 2014.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Tawakkol Abdel-Salam Khalid Karman</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">توكل عبد السلام خالد كرمان</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Tawakkul 'Abd us-Salām Khālid Karmān</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Tevekkül Karman</i>; born 7 February 1979) is a <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemeni</a> journalist, politician, and <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Yemen" title="Human rights in Yemen">human rights activist</a>. She co-founded and leads 'Women Journalists Without Chains', a group established in 2005 to advocate for press freedom and human rights. She became the international public face of the <a href="/wiki/2011_Yemeni_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Yemeni uprising">2011 Yemeni uprising</a> that was part of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a> movement. She was often referred as the 'Iron Woman' and the 'Mother of the Revolution" in Yemen. She is a co-recipient of the <a href="/wiki/2011_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2011 Nobel Peace Prize">2011</a> <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> for "non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work". She became the first Yemeni, the first <a href="/wiki/List_of_female_Nobel_laureates" title="List of female Nobel laureates">Arab</a> woman, and the second Muslim woman to win a Nobel Prize.<sup id="cite_ref-Sakkaf_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sakkaf-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mother_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mother-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Karman gained prominence in Yemen after 2005 as a Yemeni journalist and an advocate for <a href="/wiki/Media_of_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Yemen">press freedom</a>, particularly following the denial of a license for a mobile phone news service in 2007, after which she led protests. After May 2007, she organized weekly protests advocating for broader reforms in Yemen. In early 2011, she shifted the protests to align with the broader <a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a> movement, inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Tunisian_revolution" title="Tunisian revolution">Tunisian revolution</a> that overthrew the government of <a href="/wiki/Zine_El_Abidine_Ben_Ali" title="Zine El Abidine Ben Ali">Zine El Abidine Ben Ali</a>. She was a vocal opponent who called for the end of <a href="/wiki/President_of_Yemen" title="President of Yemen">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Abdullah_Saleh" title="Ali Abdullah Saleh">Ali Abdullah Saleh</a>'s regime.<sup id="cite_ref-Sakkaf_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sakkaf-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tawakkol_Karman&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tawakkol Karman was born on 7 February 1979 in <a href="/wiki/Shara%27b_As_Salam_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shara'b As Salam District">Shara'b As Salam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiz_Governorate" title="Taiz Governorate">Taiz Governorate</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Yemen_Arab_Republic" title="Yemen Arab Republic">North Yemen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She grew up near <a href="/wiki/Taiz" title="Taiz">Taiz</a>, the country's second largest city, known for its educational institutions in an otherwise conservative environment.<sup id="cite_ref-emblem_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emblem-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Karman studied in Taiz. Her father, Abdel Salam Karman, is a lawyer and politician who served as the Legal Affairs Minister in Ali Abdullah Saleh's government before resigning. She has two siblings: Tariq Karman, a poet, and <a href="/wiki/Safa_Karman" title="Safa Karman">Safa Karman</a>, a lawyer and the first Yemeni to graduate from Harvard Law School. Safa also works as a journalist for <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Arabic" title="Al Jazeera Arabic">Al-Jazeera</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-interview2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interview2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Filkins_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Filkins-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MEMRI_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MEMRI-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is married to Mohammed al-Nahmi and is the mother of three children.<sup id="cite_ref-mother_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mother-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-undaunted_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-undaunted-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyt_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Karman holds a master's degree in international security from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Lowell" title="University of Massachusetts Lowell">University of Massachusetts Lowell</a>, an undergraduate degree in <a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">commerce</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Science_and_Technology,_Sana%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Science and Technology, Sana'a">University of Science and Technology</a>, and a graduate degree in political science from the <a href="/wiki/Sanaa_University" title="Sanaa University">University of Sana'a</a>. In 2012, she received an <a href="/wiki/Honorary_Doctorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary Doctorate">Honorary Doctorate</a> in International Law from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alberta" title="University of Alberta">University of Alberta</a> in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-emblem_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emblem-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MEMRI_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MEMRI-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-torontostar_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-torontostar-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alberta_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alberta-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During a protest in 2010, a woman attempted to stab Karman with a <a href="/wiki/Jambiya" title="Jambiya">jambiya</a>, but her supporters intervened and prevented the attack. According to her brother Tariq Karman, she also received a death threat from "a senior Yemeni official" on 26 January 2011, warning her to stop her public protests. Journalist <a href="/wiki/Dexter_Filkins" title="Dexter Filkins">Dexter Filkins</a> later identified this official as President Ali Abdullah Saleh in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-undaunted_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-undaunted-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OBS_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OBS-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Filkins_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Filkins-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Turkish government offered her Turkish citizenship, which she received from the <a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Davuto%C4%9Flu" title="Ahmet Davutoğlu">Turkish foreign minister</a> on 11 October 2012, tracing her family origin to <a href="/wiki/Karaman_Province" title="Karaman Province">Karaman Province</a> in Central Anatolia.<sup id="cite_ref-aanews_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aanews-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, Karman participated as a panelist in the annual <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Global_Initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinton Global Initiative">Clinton Global Initiative</a> session titled "Champions of Action".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, she was honored as the Social Entrepreneur of the Year at <a href="/wiki/The_Asian_Awards" title="The Asian Awards">The Asian Awards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like many Yemenis, Karman was forced to leave Yemen after the Houthi takeover of the capital, Sana'a, due to the worsening security situation. From her new home in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, she continues to speak out against injustices in Yemen, including the war waged by the <a href="/wiki/Saudi-led_intervention_in_the_Yemeni_civil_war" title="Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war">Saudi-UAE-led coalition</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drone_strikes_in_Yemen" title="Drone strikes in Yemen">U.S. drone attacks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 17 December 2020, Karman reported that <a href="/wiki/Houthi_movement" title="Houthi movement">Houthi rebels</a> raided her home and office, taking control of both locations after looting them.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Women_Journalists_Without_Chains">Women Journalists Without Chains</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tawakkol_Karman&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Women Journalists Without Chains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tawakkol Karman co-founded the human rights group <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wjwc.org/">Women Journalists Without Chains</a> (WJWC) with seven other female journalists in 2005 in order to promote human rights, "particularly freedom of opinion and expression, and democratic rights."<sup id="cite_ref-FJWB_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FJWB-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although it was founded as "Female Reporters Without Borders," the present name was adopted in order to get a government license.<sup id="cite_ref-JAWA_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JAWA-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Karman has said she has received "threats and temptations" and was the target of harassment from the Yemeni authorities by telephone and letter because of her refusal to accept the Ministry of Information's rejection of WJWC's application to legally create a newspaper and a radio station. The group advocated freedom for SMS news services, which had been tightly controlled by the government despite not falling under the purview of the Press Law of 1990. After a governmental review of the text services, the only service that was not granted a license to continue was <i>Bilakoyood</i>, which belonged to WJWC and had operated for a year.<sup id="cite_ref-Filkins_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Filkins-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bilakoyood_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bilakoyood-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, WJWC released a report that documented Yemeni abuses of press freedom since 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-bilakoyood_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bilakoyood-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, she criticised the Ministry of Information for establishing trials that targeted journalists.<sup id="cite_ref-interview2_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interview2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 2007 to 2010, Karman regularly led demonstrations and <a href="/wiki/Sit-in" title="Sit-in">sit-ins</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tahrir_Square,_Sana%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahrir Square, Sana'a">Tahrir Square, Sana'a</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sakkaf_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sakkaf-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aljazaward_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aljazaward-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tawakkol Karman was affiliated with the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Thawrah,_Yemen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Thawrah, Yemen (page does not exist)">Al-Thawrah</a></i> newspaper at the time she founded WJWC in March 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-FJWB_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FJWB-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is also a member of the Yemeni Journalists' Syndicate.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, Tawakkol called for a treaty to end violence against women, in support of Every Woman Coalition.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_positions">Political positions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tawakkol_Karman&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Political positions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karman_interview_across_from_UN,_Oct_18,_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Karman_interview_across_from_UN%2C_Oct_18%2C_2011.jpg/220px-Karman_interview_across_from_UN%2C_Oct_18%2C_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Karman_interview_across_from_UN%2C_Oct_18%2C_2011.jpg/330px-Karman_interview_across_from_UN%2C_Oct_18%2C_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Karman_interview_across_from_UN%2C_Oct_18%2C_2011.jpg/440px-Karman_interview_across_from_UN%2C_Oct_18%2C_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Tawakkol Karman protests outside the UN building, 18 October 2011.</figcaption></figure> <p>Karman started protests as an advocate for press freedoms in her country. At a time when she was advocating for more press freedom, she responded to the <a href="/wiki/Jyllands-Posten_Muhammad_cartoons_controversy" title="Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy">Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy</a> in 2005 by writing: "We are not to call for tyranny and bans on freedom."<sup id="cite_ref-JAWA_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JAWA-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was a senior member of the <a href="/wiki/Al-Islah_(Yemen)" title="Al-Islah (Yemen)">Al-Islah</a> party,<sup id="cite_ref-Feb3_DayRage_aljaz_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feb3_DayRage_aljaz-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-brechtforum_Karman_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brechtforum_Karman-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although she was suspended from the party in 2018 after she accused the Saudi-led coalition of acting as occupiers in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She stopped wearing the traditional <i><a href="/wiki/Niqab" class="mw-redirect" title="Niqab">niqab</a></i> in favour of more colourful <a href="/wiki/Hijab" title="Hijab"><i>hijabs</i></a> that showed her face. She first appeared without the <i>niqab</i> at a conference in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-interview2_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interview2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Karman replaced the <i>niqab</i> for the scarf in public on national television to make her point that the full covering is cultural and not dictated by Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-thorn_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thorn-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She told the <a href="/wiki/Yemen_Times" title="Yemen Times">Yemen Times</a> in 2010 that:<sup id="cite_ref-interview2_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interview2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>Women should stop being or feeling that they are part of the problem and become part of the solution. We have been marginalized for a long time, and now is the time for women to stand up and become active without needing to ask for permission or acceptance. This is the only way we will give back to our society and allow for Yemen to reach the great potentials it has.</p></blockquote> <p>She has alleged that many Yemeni girls suffer from malnutrition so that boys could be fed and also called attention to high illiteracy rates: two-thirds of Yemeni women are unable to read.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> advocating for laws that would prevent females younger than 17 from being married. In a statement made to <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>, a human rights research and <a href="/wiki/Advocacy" title="Advocacy">advocacy</a> group, she stated that Yemen's revolution "didn't happen just to solve political problems, but also to address societal problems, the most important being child marriage."<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite most members of her party holding a different view on child marriage than her, she claims her party is the most open to women. In clarifying her position, she said:<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>Our party needs the youth but the youth also need the parties to help them organise. Neither will succeed in overthrowing this regime without the other. We don't want the international community to label our revolution an Islamic one.</p></blockquote> <p>She has also led protests against government corruption. Her stand on the ouster of Saleh became stronger after village lands of families around the city of <a href="/wiki/Ibb" title="Ibb">Ibb</a> were appropriated by a corrupt local leader.<sup id="cite_ref-undaunted_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-undaunted-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likewise, she says she remains independent from foreign influences: "I do have close strategic ties with American organizations involved in protecting human rights, with American ambassadors and with officials in the U.S. State Department. (I also have ties with activists in) most of the E.U. and Arab countries. But they are ties among equals; (I am not) their subordinate."<sup id="cite_ref-MEMRI_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MEMRI-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Speaking before an audience at the University of Michigan, Karman summed up her belief: "I am a citizen of the world. The Earth is my country, and humanity is my nation."<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She expressed support for the Palestinian people in the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a>. In May 2024, Karman stated, "The world is silent in front of the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_genocide" title="Gaza genocide">genocide</a> and the ethnic cleansing of the Palestinian people in <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Egyptian_conflict">Egyptian conflict</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tawakkol_Karman&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Egyptian conflict"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a response to the <a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_Egyptian_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2012–13 Egyptian protests">2012–13 Egyptian protests</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2013_Egyptian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2013 Egyptian coup d'état">2013 Egyptian coup d'état</a>, Karman was supportive of protests demanding Egyptian president <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi" title="Mohamed Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</a>'s resignation on 30 June, but was critical of the military's decision to oust Morsi, suspend the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Egypt" title="Constitution of Egypt">Constitution of Egypt</a> and bar the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a> from participating in Egyptian politics, citing that Morsi was Egypt's first democratically elected leader, the constitution was supported by 60% of people who voted in a <a href="/wiki/2012_Egyptian_constitutional_referendum" title="2012 Egyptian constitutional referendum">public referendum</a> and that the coup may cause people to lose faith in democracy, allowing extremist groups to thrive.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She attempted to enter <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> to join protests against the coup but was banned from doing so by the Egyptian military for "security reasons" and was deported back to Sana'a.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She later denounced the military's arrests of high-ranking Muslim Brotherhood officials and the military's <a href="/wiki/August_2013_Egyptian_raids" class="mw-redirect" title="August 2013 Egyptian raids">use of violence on protesters</a> at sites occupied primarily by Morsi's supporters.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yemeni_conflict">Yemeni conflict</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tawakkol_Karman&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Yemeni conflict"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Karman routinely speaks out against both the <a href="/wiki/Houthi_insurgency_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthi insurgency in Yemen">Houthi insurgency in Yemen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Arabian_Peninsula" title="Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula">Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula</a>, calling both of them threats to Yemen's national sovereignty. She has condemned the groups for what she says are their efforts to destabilize the country and overthrow the Yemeni government. She has accused the <a href="/wiki/Houthis" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthis">Houthis</a> of receiving foreign aid from the Iranian government and objects to what she believes are foreign efforts to leave the Houthis alone since they are also fighting against Al-Qaeda. After the announcement of Houthi integration into the Yemeni military, Karman stated that there shouldn't be integration if the Houthis are unwilling to surrender their weapons.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a response to the January 2015 events of the <a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_Yemeni_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="2014–15 Yemeni coup d'état">2014–15 Yemeni coup d'état</a>, she spoke out on what she believes is collaboration between former president Saleh and the Houthi rebels to undo the 2011 revolution by ending the transition process.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the civil war, Karman remains optimistic for her country's future. "It's very sad, all this killing, all this war," Karman said in an interview with the <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Middle_Eastern_Politics_and_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Middle Eastern Politics and Policy">Journal of Middle Eastern Politics and Policy</a> in 2016. "But at the same time, we don't lose our hope, and we don't lose our vision, and we don't lose our dream." </p><p>Karman often objects to U.S. <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">drone</a> policy in Yemen, calling the use of them "unacceptable" and has argued that using them in populated areas violates human rights and international laws.<sup id="cite_ref-drone_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drone-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following an increase in the number of drone strikes in August 2013, she called for an immediate halt of all strikes, proclaiming that the bombings undermine Yemen's sovereignty and contribute to increases in Al-Qaeda recruits in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-drone_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drone-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Karman condemned the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian-led_intervention_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen">Saudi-led intervention</a> in Yemen, stating: "Unfortunately, this coalition deals with this war just as a battle to fire bombs and throw missiles, ignoring the consequences." She called for an "immediate cessation" of air strikes by the coalition.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2011_protests">2011 protests</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tawakkol_Karman&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2011 protests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yemen_protest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Yemen_protest.jpg/220px-Yemen_protest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Yemen_protest.jpg/330px-Yemen_protest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Yemen_protest.jpg/440px-Yemen_protest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Protest on the "<a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Day of Rage</a>" that Karman had called for in <a href="/wiki/Sana%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Sana'a">Sana'a</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>, from 3 February 2011.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/2011_Yemeni_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Yemeni protests">2011 Yemeni protests</a>, Tawakkol Karman organised student rallies in <a href="/wiki/Sana%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Sana'a">Sana'a</a> in protest against the long-standing rule of Saleh's government. On 22 January, she was stopped while driving with her husband by three plain-clothed men without police identification and taken to prison,<sup id="cite_ref-Filkins_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Filkins-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OBS_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OBS-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where she was held for 36 hours until she was released on parole on 24 January. In a 9 April editorial that appeared in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, she wrote:<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian1_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian1-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>After a week of protests I was detained by the security forces in the middle of the night. This was to become a defining moment in the Yemeni revolution: media outlets reported my detention and demonstrations erupted in most provinces of the country; they were organised by students, civil society activists and politicians. The pressure on the government was intense, and I was released after 36 hours in a women's prison, where I was kept in chains.</p></blockquote> <p>She then led another protest on 29 January where she called for a "<a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Day of Rage</a>" on 3 February<sup id="cite_ref-Feb3_DayRage_aljaz_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feb3_DayRage_aljaz-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> similar to events of the <a href="/wiki/2011_Egyptian_revolution" title="2011 Egyptian revolution">2011 Egyptian revolution</a> that were in turn inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Tunisian_revolution" title="Tunisian revolution">2010–2011 Tunisian revolution</a>. On 17 March, she was re-arrested amidst ongoing protests.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Speaking of the uprising she had said that: "We will continue until the fall of Ali Abdullah Saleh's regime...We have the Southern Movement in the south, the (Shia) Huthi rebels in the north, and parliamentary opposition...But what's most important now is the jasmine revolution."<sup id="cite_ref-Feb3_DayRage_aljaz_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feb3_DayRage_aljaz-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She has set at the protest camp for months along with her husband.<sup id="cite_ref-mother_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mother-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Karman explained the reasons why the Yemeni protests attracted Yemenis: "The combination of a dictatorship, corruption, poverty and unemployment has created this revolution. It's like a volcano. Injustice and corruption are exploding while opportunities for a good life are coming to an end."<sup id="cite_ref-Time_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Karman has had some tense disagreements with other organisers, especially after she urged protesters to march to the Presidential Palace in May as a response to the killing of 13 protesters by security forces.<sup id="cite_ref-Yemen_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yemen-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 18 June she wrote an article entitled "Yemen's Unfinished Revolution" in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> in which she assailed the United States and Saudi Arabia for their support for the "corrupt" Saleh regime in Yemen because they "used their influence to ensure that members of the old regime remain in power and the status quo is maintained." She argued that American intervention in Yemen was motivated by the <a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">war on terror</a> and was not responsive to either the human rights abuses in Yemen or the calls from Yemen's democracy movement. She affirmed that the protesters in Yemen also wanted stability in the country and region.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an interview on <i><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Now!" title="Democracy Now!">Democracy Now!</a></i>, Karman said, "In our weekly protests in front of the cabinet, we called on the government to allow people to have freedom of speech and for people to be able to own online newspapers. We knew and know that freedom of speech is the door to democracy and justice, and also that part of the freedom of speech is the freedom of movement... The culture of freedom and protests spread all over Yemen. Every time we stood up for our rights the government answered with violence or interfered in our rights...." She credited Tunisia for inspiring others around the Middle East for the Arab Spring protests.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the protests, Karman was part of a large number of women activists—up to 30 percent of the protestors—demanding change in Yemen.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 16 October, government snipers in Taiz shot and killed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aziza_Othman_Kaleb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aziza Othman Kaleb (page does not exist)">Aziza Othman Kaleb</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i> reported she was the first woman to have been killed during the Yemen protests but could not verify this claim.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ten days later, women in Sana'a protested against the violent force used against them by burning their <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makrama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makrama (page does not exist)">makrama</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, Karman was in Washington, D.C., where she said the female protesters who burned their makrama were "reject(ing) the injustice that the Saleh regime has imposed on them. And this is a new stage for the Yemeni women, because they will not hide behind veils or behind walls or anything else."<sup id="cite_ref-Clinton_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clinton-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Involvement_of_international_government_organizations">Involvement of international government organizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tawakkol_Karman&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Involvement of international government organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the Nobel Peace Prize announcement, Tawakkol Karman became increasingly involved in mobilizing world opinion and United Nations Security Council members to assist the protesters in ousting Saleh and bringing him before the international court. </p><p>She lobbied the United Nations Security Council and the United States not to make a deal that would pardon Saleh, but instead hold him accountable, freeze his assets and support the protesters. The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> voted 15–0 on 21 October on <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2014" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2014">United Nations Security Council Resolution 2014</a> that "strongly condemns" Saleh's government for the use of deadly force against protesters, but it also backed the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">Gulf Cooperation Council</a>'s (GCC) initiative that would give Saleh immunity from prosecution should he resign. Karman, who was present for the vote, criticised the council's support for the GCC's proposal and instead advocated that Saleh stand trial at the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">International Criminal Court</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Karman also met the United States' Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> on 28 October to discuss the same United Nations Resolution, to which Clinton said "the United States supports a democratic transition in Yemen and the rights of the people of Yemen – men and women – to choose their own leaders and futures."<sup id="cite_ref-Clinton_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clinton-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WP_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WP-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Karman responded to the comment through the Yemini press by saying, "in Yemen, it has been nine months that people have been camped in the squares. Until now we didn't see that <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a> came to value the sacrifice of the Yemeni people. Instead the American administration is giving guarantees to Saleh."<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saleh signed the Gulf Cooperation Council's plan 23 November 2011 in <a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a>, Saudi Arabia. Saleh would transfer his powers to Vice President <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rab_Mansur_al-Hadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Rab Mansur al-Hadi">Abd al-Rab Mansur al-Hadi</a> to start a political transition, according to the terms of the agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-resigns_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-resigns-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2011_Nobel_Peace_Prize">2011 Nobel Peace Prize</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tawakkol_Karman&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2011 Nobel Peace Prize"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tawakkul_Karman_Leymah_Gbowee_Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf_Nobel_Peace_Prize_2011_Harry_Wad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Tawakkul_Karman_Leymah_Gbowee_Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf_Nobel_Peace_Prize_2011_Harry_Wad.jpg/220px-Tawakkul_Karman_Leymah_Gbowee_Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf_Nobel_Peace_Prize_2011_Harry_Wad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Tawakkul_Karman_Leymah_Gbowee_Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf_Nobel_Peace_Prize_2011_Harry_Wad.jpg/330px-Tawakkul_Karman_Leymah_Gbowee_Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf_Nobel_Peace_Prize_2011_Harry_Wad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Tawakkul_Karman_Leymah_Gbowee_Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf_Nobel_Peace_Prize_2011_Harry_Wad.jpg/440px-Tawakkul_Karman_Leymah_Gbowee_Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf_Nobel_Peace_Prize_2011_Harry_Wad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="830" /></a><figcaption>From left to right: Tawakkul Karman, <a href="/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee">Leymah Gbowee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf" title="Ellen Johnson Sirleaf">Ellen Johnson Sirleaf</a> display their awards during the presentation of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a>, 10 December 2011.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tawakkol_Karman%27s_megaphone_at_the_Nobel_Museum_(51980).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Tawakkol_Karman%27s_megaphone_at_the_Nobel_Museum_%2851980%29.jpg/220px-Tawakkol_Karman%27s_megaphone_at_the_Nobel_Museum_%2851980%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Tawakkol_Karman%27s_megaphone_at_the_Nobel_Museum_%2851980%29.jpg/330px-Tawakkol_Karman%27s_megaphone_at_the_Nobel_Museum_%2851980%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Tawakkol_Karman%27s_megaphone_at_the_Nobel_Museum_%2851980%29.jpg/440px-Tawakkol_Karman%27s_megaphone_at_the_Nobel_Museum_%2851980%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3077" data-file-height="2856" /></a><figcaption>Karman's megaphone on display at the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_Museum" title="Nobel Prize Museum">Nobel Prize Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Karman, along with <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf" title="Ellen Johnson Sirleaf">Ellen Johnson Sirleaf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee">Leymah Gbowee</a>, were the co-recipients of the 2011 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> "for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work."<sup id="cite_ref-nobel_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobel-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of Karman, the Nobel Committee said: "In the most trying circumstances, both before and during the 'Arab spring', Tawakkul Karman has played a leading part in the struggle for women's rights and for democracy and peace in Yemen."<sup id="cite_ref-nobel_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobel-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Nobel Committee cited the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325, adopted in 2000, which states that women and children suffer great harm from war and political instability and that women must have a larger influence and role in peacemaking activities; it also "[c]alls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective."<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Karman was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_female_Nobel_laureates" title="List of female Nobel laureates">first Arab woman</a>, the youngest person at that time to have become a Nobel Peace Laureate, and the category's second Muslim woman.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon announcing the award, the committee chairman <a href="/wiki/Thorbj%C3%B8rn_Jagland" title="Thorbjørn Jagland">Thorbjørn Jagland</a> said: "We cannot achieve democracy and lasting peace in the world unless women obtain the same opportunities as men to influence developments at all levels of society." He later added that the prize was "a very important signal to women all over the world"<sup id="cite_ref-nyt2_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt2-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that, despite the events of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a>, "there are many other positive developments in the world that we have looked at. I think it is a little strange that researchers and others have not seen them." He had earlier said the prize for the year would be "very powerful... but at the same time very unifying [and would] not create as strong reactions from a single country as it did last year [with <a href="/wiki/Liu_Xiaobo" title="Liu Xiaobo">Liu Xiaobo</a>]." The 2011 prize is to be divided equally among the three recipients,<sup id="cite_ref-nobel_65-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobel-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from a total of 10 million <a href="/wiki/Swedish_kronor" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish kronor">Swedish kronor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt2_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt2-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In reaction to the award Karman, while camped out in Sana'a during ongoing anti-government protests, said: "I didn't expect it. It came as a total surprise. This is a victory for Arabs around the world and a victory for Arab women" and that the award was a "victory of our peaceful revolution. I am so happy, and I give this award to all of the youth and all of the women across the Arab world, in Egypt, in Tunisia. We cannot build our country or any country in the world without peace,"<sup id="cite_ref-nyt2_69-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt2-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> adding that it was also for "Libya, Syria and Yemen and all the youth and women, this is a victory for our demand for citizenship and human rights," that "all Yemenis [are] happy over the prize. The fight for democratic Yemen will continue,"<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that she "dedicate[s] it to all the martyrs and wounded of the Arab Spring… in Tunisia, Egypt, Yemen, Libya and Syria and to all the free people who are fighting for their rights and freedoms"<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "I dedicate it to all Yemenis who preferred to make their revolution peaceful by facing the snipers with flowers. It is for the Yemeni women, for the peaceful protesters in Tunisia, Egypt, and all the Arab world."<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also said she had not known about the nomination and had found out about the award via television.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-Nobel_Prize">Post-Nobel Prize</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tawakkol_Karman&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Post-Nobel Prize"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style=";"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>The solution to women's issues can only be achieved in a free and democratic society in which human energy is liberated, the energy of both women and men together. Our civilization is called human civilization and is not attributed only to men or women. </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">-- Tawakkol Karman<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </div><p>After the announcement, Karman traveled to <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> where she met with Sheikh <a href="/wiki/Tamim_bin_Hamad_Al_Thani" title="Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani">Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani</a> and also requested the <a href="/wiki/Doha_Centre_for_Media_Freedom" title="Doha Centre for Media Freedom">Doha Centre for Media Freedom</a>'s assistance to set up a television and radio station, which would be named <a href="/wiki/Belqees_TV" title="Belqees TV">Belqees TV</a>, in honour of the <a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba" title="Queen of Sheba">Queen of Sheba</a>, in order to support female journalists and to broadly educate Yemeni journalists.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is on the International Advisory Board of the MBI Al Jaber Media Institute in Yemen which offers free training in all aspects of journalism.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She also made a video message in Washington, D.C., on 25 October on the occasion of the release of the 14th annual report of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Observatory_for_the_Protection_of_Human_Rights_Defenders&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders (page does not exist)">Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders</a> (OBS) by the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="International Federation of Human Rights">International Federation of Human Rights</a> (FIDH) and the <a href="/wiki/World_Organisation_Against_Torture" title="World Organisation Against Torture">World Organisation Against Torture</a> (OMCT). The report included information about the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a>, Yemen, and Karman.<sup id="cite_ref-OBS_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OBS-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She was selected as the first place of the <i>Foreign Policy</i> top 100 global thinkers of 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-FP_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FP-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She has given scholarships to promising students from Yemen to study at <a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Ayd%C4%B1n_University" title="Istanbul Aydın University">Istanbul Aydın University</a> at undergraduate and postgraduate level, in conjunction with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=MBI_Al_Jaber_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MBI Al Jaber Foundation (page does not exist)">MBI Al Jaber Foundation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Karman has spoken at colleges and universities across the globe. She spoke at <a href="/wiki/Elizabethtown_College" title="Elizabethtown College">Elizabethtown College</a> and discussed women, human rights and the Arab Revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Regarding the <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Civil_War_(2015%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)">Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)</a>, she blames the <a href="/wiki/Houthis" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthis">Houthis</a> for the conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hacking">Hacking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tawakkol_Karman&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Hacking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2019, it was revealed that Karman had been targeted by <a href="/wiki/Project_Raven" class="mw-redirect" title="Project Raven">Project Raven</a>; a <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">UAE</a> clandestine surveillance and hacking operation, targeting other governments, militants and human rights activists critical of the UAE monarchy. Using a "sophisticated spying tool called Karma" they managed to hack an <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a> belonging to Karman.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Documentary">Documentary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tawakkol_Karman&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Documentary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yemeni filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Khadija_al-Salami" title="Khadija al-Salami">Khadija al-Salami</a> highlighted the role that women played in the Yemen uprising in her 2012 documentary film <i>The Scream</i>, in which Tawakkol Karman is interviewed. Al-Salami presents three individual portraits - a journalist, an activist, and a poet - in the documentary. The title refers to women who are vocal about their position relative to men in reaction to a traditional patriarchal society. <i>The Scream</i> had its debut screening at the Dubai International Film Festival in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-france24_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-france24-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writings">Writings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tawakkol_Karman&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Writings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121206101643/http://armiesofliberation.com/archives/2006/02/19/burning-embassys-is-not-the-way/">Burning Embassys is Not the Way</a>." <i>Yemen Times</i>, 19 February 2006.</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/apr/08/revolution-saleh-yemen-peace-historic">Our revolution's doing what Saleh can't – uniting Yemen</a>." <i>The Guardian</i>, 9 April 2011.</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/19/opinion/19karman.html">Yemen’s unfinished revolution</a>." <i>New York Times</i>, 18 June 2011.</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/nov/01/west-must-not-forsake-yemen">The world must not forsake Yemen's struggle for freedom</a>." <i>The Guardian</i>, 1 November 2011. (Includes a link to the Arabic version.)</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2011/karman-lecture.html">Tawakkol Karman – Nobel Lecture</a>." <i>Nobelprize.org</i>. 10 December 2011. (Includes links to the English, Norwegian, and Arabic versions.)</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wan-ifra.org/articles/2012/05/02/in-the-absence-of-a-free-press-there-is-no-democracy-a-wan-ifra-interview-with-t">In the absence of a free press, there is no democracy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180820113551/http://www.wan-ifra.org/articles/2012/05/02/in-the-absence-of-a-free-press-there-is-no-democracy-a-wan-ifra-interview-with-t">Archived</a> 20 August 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA), 3 May 2012.</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/aug/09/egypt-coup-crushed-freedoms-revolution-25-january">Egypt's coup has crushed all the freedoms won in the revolution</a>." <i>The Guardian</i>, 8 August 2013.</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130813010947/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/08/09/morsy_is_the_arab_world_s_mandela?page=0,0">Morsy Is the Arab World's Mandela</a>." <i>Foreign Policy</i>, 9 August 2013.</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://impakter.com/working-toward-just-effective-development-tawakkol-karman/">Empowering Competency: Working Toward a Just and Effective Development</a>." <i>Impakter</i>, 20 March 2017.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Facebook_Oversight_Board">Facebook Oversight Board</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tawakkol_Karman&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Facebook Oversight Board"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 6 May 2020, <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> appointed her to its <a href="/wiki/Oversight_Board_(Facebook)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oversight Board (Facebook)">oversight board</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following her appointment, she was subjected to <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabian</a> harassment in its media. In response, she stated that she hoped that she would not end up like <a href="/wiki/Jamal_Khashoggi" title="Jamal Khashoggi">Jamal Khashoggi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tawakkol_Karman&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Philanthropy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 13 February 2023, Tawakkol Karman together with Turkish <a href="/wiki/Disaster_and_Emergency_Management_Presidency" title="Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency">Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency</a> (AFAD) built 50 temporary shelters for the brutal <a href="/wiki/2023_Turkey%E2%80%93Syria_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake">6 February 2023 Turkey-Syria earthquake</a> victims and her foundation also sent relief convoys to earthquake-raged areas in Turkey and Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tawakkol_Karman&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg/28px-Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg/42px-Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg/56px-Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Journalism" title="Portal:Journalism">Journalism portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Laureates" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Peace Laureates">List of Nobel Peace Laureates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_Nobel_laureates" title="List of female Nobel laureates">List of female Nobel laureates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muslim_Nobel_Laureates" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Muslim Nobel Laureates">List of Muslim Nobel Laureates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_peace_activists" title="List of peace activists">List of peace activists</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tawakkol_Karman&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is9hLXtUdVw">Tawakkol Karman's speech at the Commencement Ceremony of the University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is9hLXtUdVw">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is9hLXtUdVw</a> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-aanews-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aanews_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aanews_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/89801--turkish-fm-receives-winner-of-nobel-peace-prize">"Turkish fm receives winner of Nobel peace prize"</a>. Anadolu Agency. 11 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Turkish+fm+receives+winner+of+Nobel+peace+prize&rft.date=2012-10-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aa.com.tr%2Fen%2Fworld%2F89801--turkish-fm-receives-winner-of-nobel-peace-prize&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATawakkol+Karman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.posta.com.tr/yasam/HaberDetay/Baris-Nobeli-sahibi-Yemenli--TC-vatandasi-oldu.htm?ArticleID=143699">"Barış Nobeli sahibi Yemenli, TC vatandaşı oldu"</a>. <i>Posta</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Posta&rft.atitle=Bar%C4%B1%C5%9F+Nobeli+sahibi+Yemenli%2C+TC+vatanda%C5%9F%C4%B1+oldu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.posta.com.tr%2Fyasam%2FHaberDetay%2FBaris-Nobeli-sahibi-Yemenli--TC-vatandasi-oldu.htm%3FArticleID%3D143699&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATawakkol+Karman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uml.edu/commencement/tawakkol-karman.aspx">"Tawakkol Karman"</a>. University of Massachusetts Lowell<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tawakkol+Karman&rft.pub=University+of+Massachusetts+Lowell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uml.edu%2Fcommencement%2Ftawakkol-karman.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATawakkol+Karman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sakkaf-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sakkaf_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sakkaf_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sakkaf_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Sakkaf2010" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nadia_Al-Sakkaf" title="Nadia Al-Sakkaf">Al-Sakkaf, Nadia</a> (17 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110819045811/http://womenpress.org/articles.php?id=309">"Renowned activist and press freedom advocate Tawakul Karman to the Yemen Times: "A day will come when all human rights violators pay for what they did to Yemen"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Women Journalists Without Chains. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://womenpress.org/articles.php?id=309">the original</a> on 19 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Renowned+activist+and+press+freedom+advocate+Tawakul+Karman+to+the+Yemen+Times%3A+%22A+day+will+come+when+all+human+rights+violators+pay+for+what+they+did+to+Yemen%22&rft.date=2010-06-17&rft.aulast=Al-Sakkaf&rft.aufirst=Nadia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwomenpress.org%2Farticles.php%3Fid%3D309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATawakkol+Karman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacdonald2011" class="citation news cs1">Macdonald, Alastair (7 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nobel-peace-idUSTRE7963KM20111007">"Nobel honours African, Arab women for peace"</a>. <i>Reuters</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Nobel+honours+African%2C+Arab+women+for+peace&rft.date=2011-10-07&rft.aulast=Macdonald&rft.aufirst=Alastair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-nobel-peace-idUSTRE7963KM20111007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATawakkol+Karman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mother-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mother_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mother_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mother_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-HajSarah_El-Deeb2011" class="citation news cs1">Al-Haj, Ahmed; Sarah El-Deeb (7 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mobile.sun-sentinel.com/p.p?m=b&a=rp&id=961114&postId=961114&postUserId=42&sessionToken=&catId=6565&curAbsIndex=1&resultsUrl=DID%3D6%26D">"Nobel peace winner Tawakkul Karman dubbed 'the mother of Yemen's revolution'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Sun Sentinel. Associated Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nobel+peace+winner+Tawakkul+Karman+dubbed+%27the+mother+of+Yemen%27s+revolution%27&rft.date=2011-10-07&rft.aulast=Al-Haj&rft.aufirst=Ahmed&rft.au=Sarah+El-Deeb&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmobile.sun-sentinel.com%2Fp.p%3Fm%3Db%26a%3Drp%26id%3D961114%26postId%3D961114%26postUserId%3D42%26sessionToken%3D%26catId%3D6565%26curAbsIndex%3D1%26resultsUrl%3DDID%253D6%2526D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATawakkol+Karman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-15211377">"Nobel Peace Prize awarded jointly to three women"</a>. BBC. 7 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nobel+Peace+Prize+awarded+jointly+to+three+women&rft.date=2011-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-15211377&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATawakkol+Karman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-15216473">"Profile: Nobel peace laureate Tawakul Karman"</a>. BBC. 7 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Nobel+peace+laureate+Tawakul+Karman&rft.date=2011-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-15216473&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATawakkol+Karman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2011/karman/facts/">"Tawakkol Karman - Facts"</a>. <i>Nobel Prize</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nobel+Prize&rft.atitle=Tawakkol+Karman+-+Facts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fpeace%2F2011%2Fkarman%2Ffacts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATawakkol+Karman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-emblem-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-emblem_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-emblem_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2011/10/07/1186693-tawakkol-karman-figure-emblematique-du-soulevement-au-yemen.html">"Tawakkol Karman, figure emblématique du soulèvement au Yémen – L'événement : LaDépêche.fr"</a>. Ladepeche.fr<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yementimes.com/defaultdet.aspx?SUB_ID=34255">the original</a> on 1 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Facebook+names+first+members+of+oversight+board+that+can+overrule+Zuckerberg&rft.date=2020-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-facebook-oversight%2Ffacebook-names-first-members-of-oversight-board-that-can-overrule-zuckerberg-idUSKBN22I2LQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATawakkol+Karman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20200512-tawakkol-karman-i-hope-i-will-not-meet-same-fate-as-khashoggi/">"Tawakkol Karman: I hope I will not meet same fate as Khashoggi"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Monitor" title="Middle East Monitor">Middle East Monitor</a></i>. 12 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Monitor&rft.atitle=Tawakkol+Karman%3A+I+hope+I+will+not+meet+same+fate+as+Khashoggi&rft.date=2020-05-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeastmonitor.com%2F20200512-tawakkol-karman-i-hope-i-will-not-meet-same-fate-as-khashoggi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATawakkol+Karman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuhammad_Sheikh_Yusuf2023" class="citation news cs1">Muhammad Sheikh Yusuf (16 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/arab-popular-sympathy-solidarity-with-turkiye-is-no-surprise-yemeni-nobel-laureate/2822096">"Arab popular sympathy, solidarity with Türkiye is no surprise: Yemeni Nobel laureate"</a>. Anadolu Agency<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Arab+popular+sympathy%2C+solidarity+with+T%C3%BCrkiye+is+no+surprise%3A+Yemeni+Nobel+laureate&rft.date=2023-02-16&rft.au=Muhammad+Sheikh+Yusuf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aa.com.tr%2Fen%2Fmiddle-east%2Farab-popular-sympathy-solidarity-with-turkiye-is-no-surprise-yemeni-nobel-laureate%2F2822096&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATawakkol+Karman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tawakkol_Karman&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tawakkol_Karman" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tawakkol Karman">Tawakkol Karman</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tawakkolkarman.net/?lng=english">Official Website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tkif.org/en/">Tawakkol Karman Foundation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://tkif.org/en/">https://tkif.org/en/</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is9hLXtUdVw">Tawakkol Karman's speech at the Commencement Ceremony of the University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA</a></li></ul> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is9hLXtUdVw">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is9hLXtUdVw</a> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aKn-tHEM3SU"><span class="plainlinks">Tawakkol Karman interview with Al Jazeera</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9LFMWDFVx7E"><span class="plainlinks">Press Conference of 2011 Nobel Laureate, Tawakkul Karman</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a> Women's eNews.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/871">Tawakkol Karman</a> on Nobelprize.org <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104622#P8024" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cgg6juGDQFo"><span class="plainlinks">Karman receives an Honorary Doctorate in International Law from the University of Alberta, Canada</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?66221">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF179;">Awards and achievements </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Liu_Xiaobo" title="Liu Xiaobo">Liu Xiaobo</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Laureate of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> </b><br />2011 <br />With: <b> <a href="/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee">Leymah Gbowee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf" title="Ellen Johnson Sirleaf">Ellen Johnson Sirleaf</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arab_Spring" style="wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab_Spring" title="Template:Arab Spring"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab_Spring" title="Template talk:Arab Spring"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab_Spring" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab Spring"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arab_Spring" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#eeeeee;"><div>"<i><a href="/wiki/Ash-shab_yurid_isqat_an-nizam" title="Ash-shab yurid isqat an-nizam">Ash-shab yurid isqat an-nizam</a></i>"</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Events by country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010%E2%80%932012_Algerian_protests" title="2010–2012 Algerian protests">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Bahraini_uprising" title="2011 Bahraini uprising">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Djiboutian_protests" title="2011 Djiboutian protests">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Revolution_of_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian Revolution of 2011">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Iraqi_protests" title="2011 Iraqi protests">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_protests_(2011%E2%80%9312)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordanian protests (2011–12)">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_protests_(2011%E2%80%932013)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuwaiti protests (2011–2013)">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Lebanese_protests" title="2011 Lebanese protests">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Libyan_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="First Libyan civil war">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Mauritanian_protests" title="2011–2012 Mauritanian protests">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Moroccan_protests" title="2011–2012 Moroccan protests">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Omani_protests" title="2011 Omani protests">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Palestinian_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Palestinian protests">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Saudi_Arabian_protests" title="2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932013_Sudanese_protests" title="2011–2013 Sudanese protests">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_revolution" title="Tunisian revolution">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Western_Saharan_protests" title="2011 Western Saharan protests">Western Sahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_revolution" title="Yemeni revolution">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Bahrain:</i> <a href="/wiki/Al_Wefaq" title="Al Wefaq">Al Wefaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_14_Youth_Coalition" title="February 14 Youth Coalition">February 14 Youth Coalition</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Egypt:</i> <a href="/wiki/April_6_Youth_Movement" title="April 6 Youth Movement">April 6 Youth Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kefaya" title="Kefaya">Kefaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a> (<a href="/wiki/Freedom_and_Justice_Party_(Egypt)" title="Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)">FJP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_for_Change" title="National Association for Change">National Association for Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_(Egypt)" title="National Democratic Party (Egypt)">National Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Front_(Egypt)" title="National Salvation Front (Egypt)">National Salvation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Socialists_(Egypt)" title="Revolutionary Socialists (Egypt)">Revolutionary Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shayfeencom" title="Shayfeencom">Shayfeencom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultras_Ahlawy" title="Ultras Ahlawy">Ultras Ahlawy</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Libya:</i> <a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Army_(Libya)" title="National Liberation Army (Libya)">National Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Transitional_Council" title="National Transitional Council">National Transitional Council</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Mauritania:</i> <a href="/wiki/February_25th_Movement" title="February 25th Movement">February 25th Movement</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Saudi Arabia:</i> <a href="/wiki/Women_to_drive_movement" title="Women to drive movement">Women to drive movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Defense_of_Human_Rights_in_the_Arabian_Peninsula" title="Committee for the Defense of Human Rights in the Arabian Peninsula">CDHRAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_Development_and_Change" title="Society for Development and Change">Society for Development and Change</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Syria:</i> Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">Regional Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_(Syrian-dominated_faction)" title="Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)">National Command</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Coalition_for_Syrian_Revolutionary_and_Opposition_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces">National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Revolution_General_Commission" title="Syrian Revolution General Commission">Syrian Revolution General Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Council" title="Syrian National Council">Syrian National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Coordination_Committee_for_Democratic_Change" title="National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change">National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hizb_ut-Tahrir" title="Hizb ut-Tahrir">Hizb ut-Tahrir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_rebel_fighters_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign rebel fighters in the Syrian civil war">Foreign fighters</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Tunisia:</i> <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Democratic_Rally" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional Democratic Rally">Constitutional Democratic Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennahda" title="Ennahda">Ennahda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_(Tunisia)" title="Popular Front (Tunisia)">Popular Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_General_Labour_Union" title="Tunisian General Labour Union">Tunisian General Labour Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_National_Dialogue_Quartet" title="Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet">Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Yemen:</i> <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Yemeni_Tribes" title="Alliance of Yemeni Tribes">Alliance of Yemeni Tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Islah_(Yemen)" title="Al-Islah (Yemen)">Al-Islah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashid" title="Hashid">Hashid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houthis" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthis">Houthis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_People%27s_Congress_(Yemen)" title="General People's Congress (Yemen)">General People's Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="South Yemen Movement">Hiraak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Notable people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Arab_Spring" title="Women in the Arab Spring">Women in the Arab Spring</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Algeria:</i> <a href="/wiki/Abdelaziz_Bouteflika" title="Abdelaziz Bouteflika">Abdelaziz Bouteflika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Ouyahia" title="Ahmed Ouyahia">Ahmed Ouyahia</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Bahrain:</i> <a href="/wiki/Hamad_bin_Isa_Al_Khalifa" title="Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa">Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Mushaima" title="Hasan Mushaima">Hasan Mushaima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Salman" title="Ali Salman">Ali Salman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Ali_Jawad_al-Sheikh" title="Death of Ali Jawad al-Sheikh">Ali Jawad al-Sheikh</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Egypt:</i> <a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Hosni Mubarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Suleiman_(politician)" title="Omar Suleiman (politician)">Omar Suleiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Hussein_Tantawy" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohamed Hussein Tantawy">Mohamed Hussein Tantawy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Nazif" title="Ahmed Nazif">Ahmed Nazif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Shafik" title="Ahmed Shafik">Ahmed Shafik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wael_Ghonim" title="Wael Ghonim">Wael Ghonim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Ganzouri" title="Kamal Ganzouri">Kamal Ganzouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Khaled_Mohamed_Saeed" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Khaled Mohamed Saeed">Khaled Mohamed Saeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essam_Sharaf" title="Essam Sharaf">Essam Sharaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_ElBaradei" title="Mohamed ElBaradei">Mohamed ElBaradei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi" title="Mohamed Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesham_Qandil" title="Hesham Qandil">Hesham Qandil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassem_Youssef_(television_host)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassem Youssef (television host)">Bassem Youssef</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Jordan:</i> <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_II_of_Jordan" title="Abdullah II of Jordan">King Abdullah II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marouf_al-Bakhit" title="Marouf al-Bakhit">Marouf al-Bakhit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samir_Rifai" title="Samir Rifai">Samir Rifai</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Libya:</i> <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi" title="Saif al-Islam Gaddafi">Saif al-Islam Gaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Abdul-Jelil" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustafa Abdul-Jelil">Mustafa Abdul-Jelil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Gebril" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmud Gebril">Mahmud Gebril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Nabbous" title="Mohammed Nabbous">Mohammed Nabbous</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Mauritania:</i> <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Abdel_Aziz" title="Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz">Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulaye_Ould_Mohamed_Laghdaf" title="Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf">Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Morocco:</i> <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed VI of Morocco">Mohammed VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_El_Fassi" title="Abbas El Fassi">Abbas El Fassi</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Saudi Arabia:</i> <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Abdullah of Saudi Arabia">Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaled_al-Johani" title="Khaled al-Johani">Khaled al-Johani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manal_al-Sharif" title="Manal al-Sharif">Manal al-Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimr_al-Nimr" title="Nimr al-Nimr">Nimr al-Nimr</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Sudan:</i> <a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir" title="Omar al-Bashir">Omar al-Bashir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_al-Turabi" title="Hassan al-Turabi">Hassan al-Turabi</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Syria:</i> <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Naji_al-Otari" title="Muhammad Naji al-Otari">Muhammad Naji al-Otari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adel_Safar" title="Adel Safar">Adel Safar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riyad_Farid_Hijab" title="Riyad Farid Hijab">Riyad Farid Hijab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wael_Nader_al-Halqi" title="Wael Nader al-Halqi">Wael Nader al-Halqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maher_al-Assad" title="Maher al-Assad">Maher al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burhan_Ghalioun" title="Burhan Ghalioun">Burhan Ghalioun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moaz_al-Khatib" title="Moaz al-Khatib">Moaz al-Khatib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Hamza_Ali_Al-Khateeb" title="Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb">Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Tunisia:</i> <a href="/wiki/Zine_El_Abidine_Ben_Ali" title="Zine El Abidine Ben Ali">Zine El Abidine Ben Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ghannouchi" title="Mohamed Ghannouchi">Mohamed Ghannouchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moncef_Marzouki" title="Moncef Marzouki">Moncef Marzouki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_al-Ghannushi" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashid al-Ghannushi">Rashid al-Ghannushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fouad_Mebazaa" title="Fouad Mebazaa">Fouad Mebazaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beji_Caid_Essebsi" title="Beji Caid Essebsi">Beji Caid Essebsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamadi_Jebali" title="Hamadi Jebali">Hamadi Jebali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Bouazizi" title="Mohamed Bouazizi">Mohamed Bouazizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chokri_Belaid" title="Chokri Belaid">Chokri Belaid</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>United Arab Emirates:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UAE_Five" title="UAE Five">UAE Five</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Yemen:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Abdullah_Saleh" title="Ali Abdullah Saleh">Ali Abdullah Saleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdrabbuh_Mansur_Hadi" title="Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi">Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tawakkol Karman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Majeed_al-Zindani" title="Abdul Majeed al-Zindani">Abdul Majeed al-Zindani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Mohsen_al-Ahmar" title="Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar">Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadiq_al-Ahmar" title="Sadiq al-Ahmar">Sadiq al-Ahmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul-Malik_al-Houthi" title="Abdul-Malik al-Houthi">Abdul-Malik al-Houthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Ali_al-Houthi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed Ali al-Houthi">Mohammed Ali al-Houthi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_Arab_Spring" title="Impact of the Arab Spring">Impact</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_movement" title="Occupy movement">Occupy movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Albanian_opposition_demonstrations" title="2011 Albanian opposition demonstrations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Armenian_protests" title="2011 Armenian protests">Armenia</a></li> <li>Azerbaijan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Azerbaijani_protests" title="2011 Azerbaijani protests">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Baku_protests" title="2013 Baku protests">2013</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Belarusian_protests" title="2011 Belarusian protests">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Burkinab%C3%A8_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Burkinabè protests">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Chinese_pro-democracy_protests" title="2011 Chinese pro-democracy protests">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010%E2%80%9312_Greek_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2010–12 Greek protests">Greece</a></li> <li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movement" title="2011 Indian anti-corruption movement">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Indian_anti-corruption_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Indian anti-corruption movement">2012</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Iranian_protests" title="2011–2012 Iranian protests">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Kurdish_protests_in_Iraq" title="2011 Kurdish protests in Iraq">Iraqi Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Israeli_social_justice_protests" title="2011 Israeli social justice protests">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Maldives_political_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2011–2012 Maldives political crisis">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mali_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Mali conflict">Mali</a></li> <li>Mexico <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Peace_with_Justice_and_Dignity" title="Movement for Peace with Justice and Dignity">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yo_Soy_132" title="Yo Soy 132">2012</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-austerity_movement_in_Portugal" title="Anti-austerity movement in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932013_Russian_protests" title="2011–2013 Russian protests">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Spanish_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2011–2012 Spanish protests">Spain</a></li> <li>Turkey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Kurdish_protests_in_Turkey" title="2011–2012 Kurdish protests in Turkey">2011–2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gezi_Park_protests" title="Gezi Park protests">2013</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_anti-austerity_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 United Kingdom anti-austerity protests">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_United_States_public_employee_protests" title="2011 United States public employee protests">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2011%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan civil war (2011–present)">Libyan civil war (2011–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_crisis_(2011%E2%80%932014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian crisis (2011–2014)">Egyptian crisis (2011–2014)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">UN Resolutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_65/265" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 65/265">65/265</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1970" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1970">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1973" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2009" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2009">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2014" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2014">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2016" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2016">2016</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Arab_Spring" title="International reactions to the Arab Spring">International reactions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Bahraini_uprising_(2011%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="International reactions to the Bahraini uprising (2011–present)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Egyptian_Revolution_of_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="International reactions to the Egyptian Revolution of 2011">Egypt</a></li> <li>Libya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Libyan_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="International reactions to the Libyan civil war">civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_2011_military_intervention_in_Libya" title="International reactions to the 2011 military intervention in Libya">military intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_death_of_Muammar_Gaddafi" class="mw-redirect" title="International reactions to the death of Muammar Gaddafi">death of Muammar Gaddafi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="International reactions to the Syrian civil war">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Tunisian_revolution" title="International reactions to the Tunisian revolution">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Yemeni_revolution" title="International reactions to the Yemeni revolution">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Domestic reactions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_responses_to_the_Egyptian_revolution_of_2011" title="Domestic responses to the Egyptian revolution of 2011">Egypt</a></li> <li>Libya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_responses_to_the_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic responses to the Libyan Civil War">domestic responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian reactions to the Syrian civil war">Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Arab_Spring" title="Timeline of the Arab Spring">Timelines</a> by country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bahraini_uprising_(2011%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the Bahraini uprising (2011–present)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Egyptian_revolution_of_2011" title="Timeline of the Egyptian revolution of 2011">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Libyan_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the Libyan civil war">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2011%E2%80%9313_Saudi_Arabian_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the 2011–13 Saudi Arabian protests">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Yemeni_revolution" title="Timeline of the Yemeni revolution">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_crisis_(2011%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemeni crisis (2011–present)">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_crisis_(2011%E2%80%93present)" title="Libyan crisis (2011–present)">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_crisis_(2011%E2%80%932014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian crisis (2011–2014)">Egypt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:#eeeeee;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Arab_Spring" title="Category:Arab Spring">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="Template:Nobel Peace Prize laureates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="Template talk:Nobel Peace Prize laureates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Peace Prize laureates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1901_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1901 Nobel Peace Prize">1901</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Dunant" title="Henry Dunant">Henry Dunant</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Passy" title="Frédéric Passy">Frédéric Passy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie_Ducommun" title="Élie Ducommun">Élie Ducommun</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_Gobat" title="Charles Albert Gobat">Charles Gobat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Randal_Cremer" title="Randal Cremer">Randal Cremer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/Institut_de_Droit_International" title="Institut de Droit International">Institut de Droit International</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Bertha_von_Suttner" title="Bertha von Suttner">Bertha von Suttner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Teodoro_Moneta" title="Ernesto Teodoro Moneta">Ernesto Moneta</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_Renault_(jurist)" title="Louis Renault (jurist)">Louis Renault</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Klas_Pontus_Arnoldson" title="Klas Pontus Arnoldson">Klas Arnoldson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fredrik_Bajer" title="Fredrik Bajer">Fredrik Bajer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Beernaert" title="Auguste Beernaert">A. M. F. Beernaert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Henri_Balluet_d%27Estournelles_de_Constant" title="Paul Henri Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant">Paul Estournelles de Constant</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/International_Peace_Bureau" title="International Peace Bureau">International Peace Bureau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Tobias_Asser" title="Tobias Asser">Tobias Asser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hermann_Fried" title="Alfred Hermann Fried">Alfred Fried</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Elihu_Root" title="Elihu Root">Elihu Root</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Henri_La_Fontaine" title="Henri La Fontaine">Henri La Fontaine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1914</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1915</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1916</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1917: <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1918</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1919: <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois" title="Léon Bourgeois">Léon Bourgeois</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Branting" title="Hjalmar Branting">Hjalmar Branting</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christian_Lous_Lange" title="Christian Lous Lange">Christian Lange</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Fridtjof Nansen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1923</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1924</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Austen Chamberlain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Dawes" title="Charles G. Dawes">Charles Dawes</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Aristide Briand</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Stresemann" title="Gustav Stresemann">Gustav Stresemann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Buisson" title="Ferdinand Buisson">Ferdinand Buisson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Quidde" title="Ludwig Quidde">Ludwig Quidde</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1928</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg">Frank B. Kellogg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/Nathan_S%C3%B6derblom" title="Nathan Söderblom">Nathan Söderblom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1931: <a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Jane Addams</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Murray_Butler" title="Nicholas Murray Butler">Nicholas Butler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1932</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1933: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell">Norman Angell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1934: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Arthur Henderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Ossietzky" title="Carl von Ossietzky">Carl von Ossietzky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Saavedra_Lamas" title="Carlos Saavedra Lamas">Carlos Saavedra Lamas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Cecil,_1st_Viscount_Cecil_of_Chelwood" title="Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood">Robert Cecil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Nansen_International_Office_for_Refugees" title="Nansen International Office for Refugees">Nansen International Office for Refugees</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1939</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1940</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1941</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1942</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1943</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Cordell Hull</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/Emily_Greene_Balch" title="Emily Greene Balch">Emily Balch</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Mott" title="John Mott">John Mott</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Quaker_Peace_and_Social_Witness" title="Quaker Peace and Social Witness">Friends Service Council</a> / <a href="/wiki/American_Friends_Service_Committee" title="American Friends Service Committee">American Friends Service Committee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1948</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/John_Boyd_Orr" title="John Boyd Orr">John Boyd Orr</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche" title="Ralph Bunche">Ralph Bunche</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Jouhaux" title="Léon Jouhaux">Léon Jouhaux</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer" title="Albert Schweitzer">Albert Schweitzer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George C. Marshall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1955</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1956</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Lester B. Pearson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Pire" title="Dominique Pire">Georges Pire</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Philip_Noel-Baker" title="Philip Noel-Baker">Philip Noel-Baker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Luthuli" title="Albert Luthuli">Albert Luthuli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld" title="Dag Hammarskjöld">Dag Hammarskjöld</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a> / <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies" title="International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies">League of Red Cross Societies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1964_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1964 Nobel Peace Prize">1964</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1965_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1965 Nobel Peace Prize">1965</a>: <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575"><a href="/wiki/1966_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1966 Nobel Peace Prize">1966</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575"><a href="/wiki/1967_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1967 Nobel Peace Prize">1967</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1968_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1968 Nobel Peace Prize">1968</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Cassin" title="René Cassin">René Cassin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1969_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1969 Nobel Peace Prize">1969</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1970_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1970 Nobel Peace Prize">1970</a>: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman Borlaug</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1971_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1971 Nobel Peace Prize">1971</a>: <a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1972</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1973_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1973 Nobel Peace Prize">1973</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Th%E1%BB%8D" title="Lê Đức Thọ">Lê Đức Thọ</a> (declined award)</i> / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_MacBride" title="Seán MacBride">Seán MacBride</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eisaku_Sat%C5%8D" title="Eisaku Satō">Eisaku Satō</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Sakharov" title="Andrei Sakharov">Andrei Sakharov</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/Betty_Williams" title="Betty Williams">Betty Williams</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mairead_Maguire" title="Mairead Maguire">Mairead Corrigan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Anwar Sadat</a> / <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Mother Teresa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_P%C3%A9rez_Esquivel" title="Adolfo Pérez Esquivel">Adolfo Pérez Esquivel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Alva_Myrdal" title="Alva Myrdal">Alva Myrdal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Garc%C3%ADa_Robles" title="Alfonso García Robles">Alfonso García Robles</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Desmond_Tutu" title="Desmond Tutu">Desmond Tutu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/International_Physicians_for_the_Prevention_of_Nuclear_War" title="International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War">International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel">Elie Wiesel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Arias" title="Óscar Arias">Óscar Arias</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="United Nations peacekeeping">UN Peacekeeping Forces</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">Tenzin Gyatso (14th Dalai Lama)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Rigoberta_Mench%C3%BA" title="Rigoberta Menchú">Rigoberta Menchú</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk">F. W. de Klerk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Pugwash_Conferences_on_Science_and_World_Affairs" title="Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs">Pugwash Conferences</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rotblat" title="Joseph Rotblat">Joseph Rotblat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Filipe_Ximenes_Belo" title="Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo">Carlos Belo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">José Ramos-Horta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Ban_Landmines" title="International Campaign to Ban Landmines">International Campaign to Ban Landmines</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jody_Williams" title="Jody Williams">Jody Williams</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/John_Hume" title="John Hume">John Hume</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Trimble" title="David Trimble">David Trimble</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res" title="Médecins Sans Frontières">Médecins Sans Frontières</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Kim_Dae-jung" title="Kim Dae-jung">Kim Dae-jung</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2001_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 Nobel Peace Prize">2001</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Kofi Annan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2002_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2002 Nobel Peace Prize">2002</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2003_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 Nobel Peace Prize">2003</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi">Shirin Ebadi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Nobel Peace Prize">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wangari_Maathai" class="mw-redirect" title="Wangari Maathai">Wangari Maathai</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2005_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2005 Nobel Peace Prize">2005</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">International Atomic Energy Agency</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_ElBaradei" title="Mohamed ElBaradei">Mohamed ElBaradei</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 Nobel Peace Prize">2006</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grameen_Bank" title="Grameen Bank">Grameen Bank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Muhammad Yunus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2007_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2007 Nobel Peace Prize">2007</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> / <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2008_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Nobel Peace Prize">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martti_Ahtisaari" title="Martti Ahtisaari">Martti Ahtisaari</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2009_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2009 Nobel Peace Prize">2009</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2010_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2010 Nobel Peace Prize">2010</a>: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Xiaobo" title="Liu Xiaobo">Liu Xiaobo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2011_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2011 Nobel Peace Prize">2011</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf" title="Ellen Johnson Sirleaf">Ellen Johnson Sirleaf</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee">Leymah Gbowee</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tawakkol Karman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2012 Nobel Peace Prize">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2013_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2013 Nobel Peace Prize">2013</a>: <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_the_Prohibition_of_Chemical_Weapons" title="Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons">Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2014 Nobel Peace Prize">2014</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kailash_Satyarthi" title="Kailash Satyarthi">Kailash Satyarthi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Malala_Yousafzai" title="Malala Yousafzai">Malala Yousafzai</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2015_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2015 Nobel Peace Prize">2015</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tunisian_National_Dialogue_Quartet" title="Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet">Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2016_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2016 Nobel Peace Prize">2016</a>: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Santos" title="Juan Manuel Santos">Juan Manuel Santos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2017 Nobel Peace Prize">2017</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Abolish_Nuclear_Weapons" title="International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons">International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2018 Nobel Peace Prize">2018</a>: <a href="/wiki/Denis_Mukwege" title="Denis Mukwege">Denis Mukwege</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nadia_Murad" title="Nadia Murad">Nadia Murad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2019 Nobel Peace Prize">2019</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Abiy Ahmed</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2020 Nobel Peace Prize">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2021 Nobel Peace Prize">2021</a>: <a href="/wiki/Maria_Ressa" title="Maria Ressa">Maria Ressa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Muratov" title="Dmitry Muratov">Dmitry Muratov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2022_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2022 Nobel Peace Prize">2022</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ales_Bialiatski" title="Ales Bialiatski">Ales Bialiatski</a> / <a href="/wiki/Memorial_(society)" title="Memorial (society)">Memorial</a> / <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Civil_Liberties_(human_rights_organization)" title="Center for Civil Liberties (human rights organization)">Center for Civil Liberties</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2023_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2023 Nobel Peace Prize">2023</a>: <a href="/wiki/Narges_Mohammadi" title="Narges Mohammadi">Narges Mohammadi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2024_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2024 Nobel Peace Prize">2024</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nihon_Hidankyo" title="Nihon Hidankyo">Nihon Hidankyo</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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Literature">2011</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomas_Transtr%C3%B6mer" title="Tomas Tranströmer">Tomas Tranströmer</a> (Sweden)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a> (<a href="/wiki/2011_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2011 Nobel Peace Prize">2011</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf" title="Ellen Johnson Sirleaf">Ellen Johnson Sirleaf</a> (Liberia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee">Leymah Gbowee</a> (Liberia)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tawakkul Karman</a> (Yemen)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Saul Perlmutter</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Adam Riess</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" title="Brian Schmidt">Brian P. Schmidt</a> (Australia/United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beutler" title="Bruce Beutler">Bruce A. Beutler</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_A._Hoffmann" title="Jules A. Hoffmann">Jules A. Hoffmann</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_M._Steinman" title="Ralph M. Steinman">Ralph M. Steinman</a> (Canada/United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economic Sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Sims" title="Christopher A. Sims">Christopher A. Sims</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Sargent" title="Thomas J. Sargent">Thomas J. Sargent</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2006_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2006 Nobel Prize winners">2006</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2007_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2007 Nobel Prize winners">2007</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2008_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2008 Nobel Prize winners">2008</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2009_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2009 Nobel Prize winners">2009</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2010_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2010 Nobel Prize winners">2010</a></dd> <dd><b>2011 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2012_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2012 Nobel Prize winners">2012</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2013_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2013 Nobel Prize winners">2013</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2014_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2014 Nobel Prize winners">2014</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2015_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2015 Nobel Prize winners">2015</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2016_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2016 Nobel Prize winners">2016</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Meta_Platforms" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Meta_Platforms" title="Template:Meta Platforms"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Meta_Platforms" title="Template talk:Meta Platforms"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Meta_Platforms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Meta Platforms"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Meta_Platforms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta Platforms</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products<br />and services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Facebook_features" title="List of Facebook features">Features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Beacon" title="Facebook Beacon">Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Bluetooth_Beacon" title="Facebook Bluetooth Beacon">Bluetooth Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Credits" title="Facebook Credits">Credits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Dating" title="Facebook Dating">Dating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EdgeRank" title="EdgeRank">EdgeRank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feed_(Facebook)" title="Feed (Facebook)">Feed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Facebook_features#Facebook_Gaming" title="List of Facebook features">Gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Graph_Search" title="Facebook Graph Search">Graph Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Instant_Articles" title="Facebook Instant Articles">Instant Articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_like_button" title="Facebook like button">Like button</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Facebook_features#Live_streaming" title="List of Facebook features">Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lookalike_audience" title="Lookalike audience">Lookalike audience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_onion_address" title="Facebook onion address">Onion address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Platform" title="Facebook Platform">Platform</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Platform#Facebook_Connect" title="Facebook Platform">Connect</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Safety_Check" title="Facebook Safety Check">Safety Check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Stories" title="Facebook Stories">Stories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Watch" title="Facebook Watch">Watch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Facebook_Watch_original_programming" title="List of Facebook Watch original programming">list of original programs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Zero" title="Facebook Zero">Zero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyperlapse_(application)" title="Hyperlapse (application)">Hyperlapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGTV" title="IGTV">IGTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-followed_Instagram_accounts" title="List of most-followed Instagram accounts">List of most-followed accounts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-liked_Instagram_posts" title="List of most-liked Instagram posts">List of most-liked pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threads_(social_network)" title="Threads (social network)">Threads</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hardware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Portal" title="Meta Portal">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Quest" title="Meta Quest">Meta Quest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Quest" title="Oculus Quest">Quest 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quest_2" title="Quest 2">Quest 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Quest_3" title="Meta Quest 3">Quest 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Quest_Pro" title="Meta Quest Pro">Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Touch" title="Oculus Touch">Touch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray-Ban_Stories" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray-Ban Stories">Ray-Ban Stories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Express_Wi-Fi" title="Express Wi-Fi">Express Wi-Fi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet.org" title="Internet.org">Free Basics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messenger_(software)" title="Messenger (software)">Messenger</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messenger_Kids" title="Messenger Kids">Kids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messenger_(software)#Messenger_Rooms" title="Messenger (software)">Rooms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapillary" title="Mapillary">Mapillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_AI" title="Meta AI">Meta AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Horizon_OS" title="Meta Horizon OS">Meta Horizon OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Within_(company)" title="Within (company)">Supernatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WhatsApp" title="WhatsApp">WhatsApp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_(software)" title="Workplace (software)">Workplace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Solutions" title="Atlas Solutions">Atlas Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FriendFeed" title="FriendFeed">FriendFeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giphy" title="Giphy">Giphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Home" title="Facebook Home">Home</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTC_First" title="HTC First">HTC First</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M_(virtual_assistant)" title="M (virtual assistant)">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Go" title="Oculus Go">Oculus Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Rift" title="Oculus Rift">Oculus Rift</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Rift_CV1" title="Oculus Rift CV1">CV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Rift_S" title="Oculus Rift S">S</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onavo" title="Onavo">Onavo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Paper" title="Facebook Paper">Paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Slingshot" title="Facebook Slingshot">Slingshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tbh_(app)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tbh (app)">tbh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wirehog" title="Wirehog">Wirehog</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a> (28% equity)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Moskovitz" title="Dustin Moskovitz">Dustin Moskovitz</a> (7%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Saverin" title="Eduardo Saverin">Eduardo Saverin</a> (<i>5%, formerly</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hughes" title="Chris Hughes">Chris Hughes</a> (<i>1%, formerly</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_McCollum" title="Andrew McCollum">Andrew McCollum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Board</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Andreessen" title="Marc Andreessen">Marc Andreessen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Arnold" title="John D. Arnold">John D. Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Houston" title="Drew Houston">Drew Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Killefer" title="Nancy Killefer">Nancy Killefer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._Kimmitt" title="Robert M. Kimmitt">Robert M. Kimmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hock_Tan" title="Hock Tan">Hock Tan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Xu" title="Tony Xu">Tony Xu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Sandberg" title="Sheryl Sandberg">Sheryl Sandberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Thiel" title="Peter Thiel">Peter Thiel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executive<br />officers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a> (Chairman and CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javier_Olivan" title="Javier Olivan">Javier Olivan</a> (COO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bosworth" title="Andrew Bosworth">Andrew Bosworth</a> (CTO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Cox_(manager)" title="Chris Cox (manager)">Chris Cox</a> (CPO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg">Nick Clegg</a> (President of Global Affairs)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Gillian_Newstead" title="Jennifer Gillian Newstead">Jennifer Newstead</a> (Chief Legal Officer)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Parker" title="Sean Parker">Sean Parker</a> (<i>4%, formerly</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Van_Natta" title="Owen Van Natta">Owen Van Natta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Yu" title="Gideon Yu">Gideon Yu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_D%27Angelo" title="Adam D'Angelo">Adam D'Angelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Kelly_(entrepreneur)" title="Chris Kelly (entrepreneur)">Chris Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bret_Taylor" title="Bret Taylor">Bret Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Sandberg" title="Sheryl Sandberg">Sheryl Sandberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Schroepfer" title="Mike Schroepfer">Mike Schroepfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Wehner" title="David Wehner">David Wehner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ebersman" title="David Ebersman">David Ebersman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marne_Levine" title="Marne Levine">Marne Levine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Stamos" title="Alex Stamos">Alex Stamos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oversight_Board_(Meta)" title="Oversight Board (Meta)">Oversight<br />Board</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalina_Botero_Marino" title="Catalina Botero Marino">Catalina Botero Marino</a>, Co-Chair (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_Greene" title="Jamal Greene">Jamal Greene</a>, Co-Chair (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_W._McConnell" title="Michael W. McConnell">Michael W. McConnell</a>, Co-Chair (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helle_Thorning-Schmidt" title="Helle Thorning-Schmidt">Helle Thorning-Schmidt</a>, Co-Chair (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afia_Asantewaa_Asare-Kyei" title="Afia Asantewaa Asare-Kyei">Afia Asantewaa Asare-Kyei</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Aswad" title="Evelyn Aswad">Evelyn Aswad</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endy_Bayuni" title="Endy Bayuni">Endy Bayuni</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Chen" title="Katherine Chen">Katherine Chen</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nighat_Dad" title="Nighat Dad">Nighat Dad</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tawakkol Karman</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maina_Kiai" title="Maina Kiai">Maina Kiai</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudhir_Krishnaswamy" title="Sudhir Krishnaswamy">Sudhir Krishnaswamy</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronaldo_Lemos" title="Ronaldo Lemos">Ronaldo Lemos</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Owono" title="Julie Owono">Julie Owono</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emi_Palmor" title="Emi Palmor">Emi Palmor</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Rusbridger" title="Alan Rusbridger">Alan Rusbridger</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A1s_Saj%C3%B3" title="András Sajó">András Sajó</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Samples" title="John Samples">John Samples</a> (2020–)</li> <li>Nicolas Suzor (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Nossel" title="Suzanne Nossel">Suzanne Nossel</a> (2021–)</li> <li>Khaled Mansour (2022–)</li> <li>Pamela San Martin (2022–)</li> <li>Paolo Carozza (2022–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenji_Yoshino" title="Kenji Yoshino">Kenji Yoshino</a> (2023–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Board of<br />Trustees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Neal_(lawyer)" title="Stephen Neal (lawyer)">Stephen Neal</a>, Chair (2021–)</li> <li>Kristina Arriaga (2020–)</li> <li>Cherine Chalaby (2020–)</li> <li>Wanda Felton (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_O%27Regan" title="Kate O'Regan">Kate O'Regan</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Post_(law_professor)" title="Robert Post (law professor)">Robert Post</a> (2020–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former<br />members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pamela_S._Karlan" title="Pamela S. Karlan">Pamela S. Karlan</a> (Board Member, 2020–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_G._Haaga_Jr." title="Paul G. Haaga Jr.">Paul G. Haaga Jr.</a> (Board of Trustees Chair, 2020–2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable<br />employees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Rasmussen_(software_developer)" title="Lars Rasmussen (software developer)">Lars Rasmussen</a> (Graph Search director)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naomi_Gleit" title="Naomi Gleit">Naomi Gleit</a> (VP of social good)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Mendelsohn" title="Nicola Mendelsohn">Nicola Mendelsohn</a> (head of Global Business Group)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Mosseri" title="Adam Mosseri">Adam Mosseri</a> (head of Instagram)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Reardon" title="Thomas Reardon">Thomas Reardon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Reality_Labs" title="Reality Labs">Reality Labs</a> director)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blake_Ross" title="Blake Ross">Blake Ross</a> (Director of Product)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Ullyot" title="Ted Ullyot">Ted Ullyot</a> (VP, General Counsel, and Secretary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Barra" title="Hugo Barra">Hugo Barra</a> (VP of <a href="/wiki/Reality_Labs" title="Reality Labs">Reality Labs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carmack" title="John Carmack">John Carmack</a> (CTO of <a href="/wiki/Reality_Labs" title="Reality Labs">Reality Labs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Cohler" title="Matt Cohler">Matt Cohler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Cheever" title="Charlie Cheever">Charlie Cheever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randi_Zuckerberg" title="Randi Zuckerberg">Randi Zuckerberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yishan_Wong" title="Yishan Wong">Yishan Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hotz" title="George Hotz">George Hotz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Lockhart" title="Joe Lockhart">Joe Lockhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Alexandrescu" title="Andrei Alexandrescu">Andrei Alexandrescu</a> (research scientist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamath_Palihapitiya" title="Chamath Palihapitiya">Chamath Palihapitiya</a> (VP of User Growth)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Schrage" title="Elliot Schrage">Elliot Schrage</a> (VP of Global Communications, Marketing and Public Policy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Haugen" title="Frances Haugen">Frances Haugen</a> (Product Manager of Civic Integrity Team)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Open source</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Cassandra" title="Apache Cassandra">Apache Cassandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Hive" title="Apache Hive">Apache Hive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Thrift" title="Apache Thrift">Apache Thrift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buck_(software)" title="Buck (software)">Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Query_Language" title="Facebook Query Language">FQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hack_(programming_language)" title="Hack (programming language)">Hack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HHVM" title="HHVM">HHVM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HipHop_for_PHP" title="HipHop for PHP">HipHop for PHP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infer_Static_Analyzer" title="Infer Static Analyzer">Infer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MyRocks" title="MyRocks">MyRocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Compute_Project" title="Open Compute Project">Open Compute Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phabricator" title="Phabricator">Phabricator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/React_(software)" title="React (software)">React</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/React_Native" title="React Native">React Native</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RocksDB" title="RocksDB">RocksDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scribe_(log_server)" title="Scribe (log server)">Scribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecom_Infra_Project" title="Telecom Infra Project">Telecom Infra Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_(web_server)" title="Tornado (web server)">Tornado</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mass media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Facebook_Effect" title="The Facebook Effect">The Facebook Effect</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Accidental_Billionaires" title="The Accidental Billionaires">The Accidental Billionaires</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Social_Network" title="The Social Network">The Social Network</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activity_stream" title="Activity stream">Activity stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_graph" title="Social graph">Social graph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friending_and_following" title="Friending and following">Friending and following</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reblogging" title="Reblogging">Reblogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan-gating" title="Fan-gating">Fan-gating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_diplomacy#Facebook_diplomacy" title="Digital diplomacy">Facebook diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_like_button" title="Facebook like button">Facebook like button</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Facebook" title="History of Facebook">History of Facebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Instagram" title="Timeline of Instagram">Timeline of Instagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_WhatsApp" title="Timeline of WhatsApp">Timeline of WhatsApp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Meta_Platforms" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by Meta Platforms">Acquisitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_F8" title="Facebook F8">f8 conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering_of_Facebook" title="Initial public offering of Facebook">IPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_Facebook" title="Censorship of Facebook">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Facebook" title="Criticism of Facebook">Criticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Facebook%E2%80%93Cambridge_Analytica_data_scandal" title="Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal">Cambridge Analytica data scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Facebook_ad_boycotts" title="2020 Facebook ad boycotts">2020 ad boycotts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Facebook_leak" title="2021 Facebook leak">2021 company files leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privacy_concerns_with_Facebook" title="Privacy concerns with Facebook">Privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_content_management_controversies" title="Facebook content management controversies">Content management</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawsuits_involving_Meta_Platforms" title="Lawsuits involving Meta Platforms">Litigation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Young_v._Facebook,_Inc." title="Young v. Facebook, Inc.">Young v. Facebook, Inc.</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fraley_v._Facebook,_Inc." title="Fraley v. Facebook, Inc.">Fraley v. Facebook, Inc.</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Force_v._Facebook,_Inc." title="Force v. Facebook, Inc.">Force v. Facebook, Inc.</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Facebook,_Inc._v._Duguid" title="Facebook, Inc. v. Duguid">Facebook, Inc. v. Duguid</a></i> (2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission_v._Meta_Platforms,_Inc." title="Federal Trade Commission v. Meta Platforms, Inc.">Federal Trade Commission v. Meta Platforms, Inc.</a></i> (ongoing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_and_unions" title="Meta and unions">unionization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-followed_Facebook_pages" title="List of most-followed Facebook pages">Most-followed Facebook pages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_Chan" title="Priscilla Chan">Priscilla Chan</a> (wife of Mark Zuckerberg)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chan_Zuckerberg_Initiative" title="Chan Zuckerberg Initiative">Chan Zuckerberg Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Aquila" title="Facebook Aquila">Aquila Internet relay drone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow_Village" title="Willow Village">Willow Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WaveGroup_Sound" title="WaveGroup Sound">WaveGroup Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Facebook_outage" title="2021 Facebook outage">2021 Facebook outage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104622#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104622#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104622#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1019395583">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2012014790">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/13018902">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810661822605606">Poland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/1019395583">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tawakkol_Karman&oldid=1258928124">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tawakkol_Karman&oldid=1258928124</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_journalists" title="Category:21st-century journalists">21st-century journalists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_women_journalists" title="Category:21st-century women 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