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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Archives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Archives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Canadian political party from 1932 to 1961</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #008000; border-bottom:2px solid #008000; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname"><i>Fédération du Commonwealth Coopératif</i><br /><i>Parti social démocratique du Canada</i></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation_logo.png/150px-Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation_logo.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation_logo.png/225px-Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/72/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="280" /></a></span><br />Political party</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_chair" title="Party chair">Chairman</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/J._S._Woodsworth" title="J. S. Woodsworth">J. S. Woodsworth</a><br /><a href="/wiki/M._J._Coldwell" title="M. J. Coldwell">M. J. Coldwell</a><br /><a href="/wiki/F._R._Scott" title="F. R. Scott">F. R. Scott</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Percy_Wright" title="Percy Wright">Percy Wright</a><br /><a href="/wiki/David_Lewis_(Canadian_politician)" title="David Lewis (Canadian politician)">David Lewis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Secretary</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;">M. J. Coldwell<br />David Lewis<br />Lorne Ingle<br />Carl Hamilton</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1 August 1932</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">3 August 1961</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ginger_Group" title="Ginger Group">Ginger Group</a><br /><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Labour_candidates_and_parties_in_Canada" title="Labour candidates and parties in Canada">Independent Labour Party</a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_Farmers_of_Alberta" title="United Farmers of Alberta">United Farmers of Alberta</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(political wing)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic socialism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a><sup id="cite_ref-Lipset1971_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lipset1971-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Social_Gospel" title="Social Gospel">Social Gospel</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">Left-wing</a><sup id="cite_ref-Finkel1979_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finkel1979-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">International affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_International" title="Socialist International">Socialist International</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Green</li><li>yellow</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #008000;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Canada" title="Politics of Canada">Politics of Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Canada" title="List of political parties in Canada">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Canada" title="Elections in Canada">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</b> (<b>CCF</b>; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Fédération du Commonwealth Coopératif</i>, <b>FCC</b>) was a federal <a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">democratic socialist</a><sup id="cite_ref-demsoc_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demsoc-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social-democratic</a><sup id="cite_ref-socdem_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-socdem-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Canada" title="List of political parties in Canada">political party in Canada</a>. The CCF was founded in 1932 in <a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary, Alberta</a>, by a number of <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">agrarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Co-operative" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-operative">co-operative</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">labour</a> groups,<sup id="cite_ref-Finkel1997_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finkel1997-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/League_for_Social_Reconstruction" title="League for Social Reconstruction">League for Social Reconstruction</a>. In 1944, the CCF formed one of the first social-democratic governments in North America when it was elected to form the provincial government in <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Davis1983_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis1983-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The full, but little used, name of the party was <b>Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (Farmer-Labour-Socialist)</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-Calgary_Herald,_August_1,_1932_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Calgary_Herald,_August_1,_1932-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1961, the CCF was succeeded by the <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party (Canada)">New Democratic Party</a> (NDP). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The CCF aimed to alleviate the suffering that workers and farmers, the ill and the old endured under capitalism, seen most starkly during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, through the creation of a Co-operative Commonwealth, which would entail economic co-operation, public ownership of the economy, and political reform. </p><p>The object of the political party as reported at its founding meeting in Calgary in 1932 was "the federation [joining together] of organizations whose purpose is the establishment in Canada of a co-operative commonwealth, in which the basic principle of regulating production, distribution and exchange will be the supplying of human needs instead of the making of profit."<sup id="cite_ref-Calgary_Herald,_August_1,_1932_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Calgary_Herald,_August_1,_1932-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The goal of the CCF was defined as a "community freed from the domination of irresponsible financial and economic power in which all social means of production and distribution, including land, are socially owned and controlled either by voluntarily organized groups of producers and consumers or – in the case of major public services and utilities and such productive and distributive enterprises as can be conducted most efficiently when owned in common – by public corporations responsible to the people's elected representatives".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the party's first <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">Members of Parliament</a> (MPs) were members of the <a href="/wiki/Ginger_Group_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ginger Group (Canada)">Ginger Group</a>, composed of United Farmers of Alberta, left-wing <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Party of Canada">Progressive</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Labour_candidates_and_parties_in_Canada" title="Labour candidates and parties in Canada">Labour</a> MPs. These MPs included <a href="/wiki/United_Farmers_of_Alberta" title="United Farmers of Alberta">United Farmers of Alberta</a> MPs <a href="/wiki/William_Irvine_(Canadian_politician)" title="William Irvine (Canadian politician)">William Irvine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Joseph_Garland" title="Edward Joseph Garland">Ted Garland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agnes_Macphail" title="Agnes Macphail">Agnes Macphail</a> (UFO), <a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Mitchell" title="Humphrey Mitchell">Humphrey Mitchell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Albert_Heaps" class="mw-redirect" title="Abraham Albert Heaps">Abraham Albert Heaps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angus_MacInnis" title="Angus MacInnis">Angus MacInnis</a>, and Labour Party MP <a href="/wiki/J._S._Woodsworth" title="J. S. Woodsworth">J. S. Woodsworth</a>. Founding groups included the Independent Labour Party (of Manitoba), the Canadian Labour Party (mostly in Edmonton), the Dominion Labour Party of southern Alberta, the UFA, and the United Farmers of Ontario (which withdrew from the CCF in 1934).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also involved in founding the new party were members of the <a href="/wiki/League_for_Social_Reconstruction" title="League for Social Reconstruction">League for Social Reconstruction</a> (LSR), such as <a href="/wiki/F._R._Scott" title="F. R. Scott">F. R. Scott</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Underhill" title="Frank Underhill">Frank Underhill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Young_1969_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young_1969-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 31">: 31 </span></sup> It can be said that the CCF was founded on May 26, 1932, when the Ginger Group MPs and LSR members met in William Irvine's office, the unofficial caucus meeting room for the Ginger Group, and went about forming the basis of the new party.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNaught2001259–260_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNaught2001259–260-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> J. S. Woodsworth was unanimously appointed the temporary leader until they could hold a founding convention.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNaught2001259–260_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNaught2001259–260-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The temporary name for the new party was the Commonwealth Party.<sup id="cite_ref-Young_1969_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young_1969-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 30">: 30 </span></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Social_Gospel" title="Social Gospel">Social Gospel</a> was a significant influence on the CCF.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CooperativeCommonwealthFederationFoundingMeeting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/CooperativeCommonwealthFederationFoundingMeeting.jpg/330px-CooperativeCommonwealthFederationFoundingMeeting.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/CooperativeCommonwealthFederationFoundingMeeting.jpg/495px-CooperativeCommonwealthFederationFoundingMeeting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/CooperativeCommonwealthFederationFoundingMeeting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="276" /></a><figcaption>CCF founding meeting, Calgary, 1932</figcaption></figure> <p>At its founding convention in 1932 in Calgary, the party settled on the name "Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (Farmer-Labour-Socialist)" and selected J. S. Woodsworth as party leader.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorton198612_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton198612-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Woodsworth had been an <a href="/wiki/Independent_Labour_Party_(Manitoba,_1920)" title="Independent Labour Party (Manitoba, 1920)">Independent Labour Party</a> MP since 1921 and a member of the Ginger Group of MPs. The party's 1933 convention, held in <a href="/wiki/Regina,_Saskatchewan" title="Regina, Saskatchewan">Regina, Saskatchewan</a>, adopted the <a href="/wiki/Regina_Manifesto" title="Regina Manifesto">Regina Manifesto</a> as the party's program. The manifesto outlined a number of goals, including <a href="/wiki/Nationalization" title="Nationalization">public ownership</a> of key industries, universal public <a href="/wiki/Pension" title="Pension">pensions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universal_health_care" title="Universal health care">universal health care</a>, children's allowances, <a href="/wiki/Unemployment_benefits" title="Unemployment benefits">unemployment insurance</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_compensation" title="Workers' compensation">workers' compensation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Young_1969_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young_1969-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 304–313">: 304–313 </span></sup> </p><p>Its conclusion read, "No CCF Government will rest content until it has eradicated <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a> and put into operation the full programme of socialized planning which will lead to the establishment in Canada of the Co-operative Commonwealth."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorton198612_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton198612-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party affiliated itself with the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_International" title="Socialist International">Socialist International</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Knuttila2007_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knuttila2007-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electoral_performance">Electoral performance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Electoral performance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CCF_Caucus_meeting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/CCF_Caucus_meeting.jpg/300px-CCF_Caucus_meeting.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/CCF_Caucus_meeting.jpg/450px-CCF_Caucus_meeting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/CCF_Caucus_meeting.jpg/600px-CCF_Caucus_meeting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="399" /></a><figcaption>Federal CCF Caucus, in 1942 with new leader <a href="/wiki/M._J._Coldwell" title="M. J. Coldwell">M.J. Coldwell</a>. Left to right, <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Douglas" title="Tommy Douglas">Tommy Douglas</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Hugh_Castleden" title="George Hugh Castleden">George Hugh Castleden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angus_MacInnis" title="Angus MacInnis">Angus MacInnis</a>, <a href="/wiki/M._J._Coldwell" title="M. J. Coldwell">Coldwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Gillis" title="Clarence Gillis">Clarie Gillis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Noseworthy" title="Joseph W. Noseworthy">Joseph W. Noseworthy</a>, Sandy Nicholoson, and <a href="/wiki/Percy_Wright" title="Percy Wright">Percy Wright</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith199288_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith199288-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In line with Alberta's important role in founding the CCF, it is said that the first CCF candidate elected was <a href="/wiki/Chester_Ronning" title="Chester Ronning">Chester Ronning</a> in the Alberta provincial constituency of Camrose, in October 1932.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The UFA, under whose banner he contested the election, formalized its already-strong connection to the CCF in its next provincial convention, in January 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In its first federal election, seven CCF MPs were elected to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a> in <a href="/wiki/1935_Canadian_federal_election" title="1935 Canadian federal election">1935</a>. Eight were elected in the following election in <a href="/wiki/1940_Canadian_federal_election" title="1940 Canadian federal election">1940</a>, including their first member east of Manitoba, <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Gillis" title="Clarence Gillis">Clarence Gillis</a>, in Cape Breton, a coal-mining area of Nova Scotia (specifically the federal riding of <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_South_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Cape Breton South (federal electoral district)">Cape Breton South</a>). </p><p>The party was divided with the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>: Woodsworth was a <a href="/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism">pacifist</a>, while many party members supported the Canadian war effort. Woodsworth had a physically debilitating stroke in May 1940 and could no longer perform his duties as leader.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNaught2001313–315_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNaught2001313–315-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October, Woodsworth wrote a letter to the 1940 CCF convention, in essence asking to retire from the leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNaught2001313–315_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNaught2001313–315-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, the delegates created the new position of Honorary President, abolished the President's position and re-elected <a href="/wiki/Major_James_Coldwell" class="mw-redirect" title="Major James Coldwell">M. J. Coldwell</a> as the National Chairman.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNaught2001313–315_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNaught2001313–315-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coldwell was then appointed acting House Leader on 6 November.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStewart2000244–245_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStewart2000244–245-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Woodsworth died on 21 March 1942, and Coldwell officially became the new leader at the July convention in Toronto and threw the party behind the war effort.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStewart2000244–245_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStewart2000244–245-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a memorial to Woodsworth, Coldwell suggested that the CCF create a research foundation, and Woodsworth House was established in Toronto for that purpose.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNaught2001313–315_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNaught2001313–315-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The party won a critical <a href="/wiki/York_South_(federal_electoral_district)" title="York South (federal electoral district)">York South</a> <a href="/wiki/By-election" title="By-election">by-election</a> on 8 February 1942, and in the process prevented the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(historical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Party of Canada (historical)">Conservative</a> leader, former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Meighen" title="Arthur Meighen">Arthur Meighen</a>, from entering the House of Commons. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/1945_Canadian_federal_election" title="1945 Canadian federal election">1945 election</a>, 28 CCF MPs were elected, and the party won 15.6% of the vote. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/1949_Canadian_federal_election" title="1949 Canadian federal election">1949 election</a>, 13 CCF candidates were elected. This was followed by 23 elected in the <a href="/wiki/1953_Canadian_federal_election" title="1953 Canadian federal election">1953 election</a> and a disappointing eight elected in the <a href="/wiki/1958_Canadian_federal_election" title="1958 Canadian federal election">1958</a> election. (In that election the party took almost ten percent of the vote so was due about 26 MPs proportionally.) </p><p>The party had its greatest success in provincial politics. </p><p>In 1943, the <a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation_(Ontario_Section)" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (Ontario Section)">Ontario CCF</a> became the official opposition in that province. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/1944_Alberta_general_election" title="1944 Alberta general election">1944</a>, the Alberta CCF took almost a quarter of all votes cast but due to lack of PR, were held to winning just two seats. </p><p>In 1944, the <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_New_Democratic_Party" title="Saskatchewan New Democratic Party">Saskatchewan CCF</a> formed the first democratic socialist government in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Douglas" title="Tommy Douglas">Tommy Douglas</a> as <a href="/wiki/Premier_(Canada)" title="Premier (Canada)">premier</a>. Douglas introduced universal <a href="/wiki/Medicare_(Canada)" title="Medicare (Canada)">Medicare</a> to <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a>, a policy that was soon adopted by other provinces and implemented nationally by the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party of Canada</a> during the administration of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Lester B. Pearson</a>. Tommy Douglas's CCF governed Saskatchewan from 1944 to 1961. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Party">New Party</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: New Party"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Federally, during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, the CCF was accused of having <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communist</a> leanings. The party moved to address these accusations in 1956 by replacing the Regina Manifesto with a more moderate document, the <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Declaration" title="Winnipeg Declaration">Winnipeg Declaration</a>. Nevertheless, the party did poorly in the <a href="/wiki/1958_Canadian_federal_election" title="1958 Canadian federal election">1958 federal election</a>, winning only eight seats. </p><p>After much discussion, the CCF and the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Labour_Congress" title="Canadian Labour Congress">Canadian Labour Congress</a> decided to join forces to create a new political party that could make <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democracy</a> more popular with Canadian voters. This party, initially known as the <a href="/wiki/New_Party_(Canada)" title="New Party (Canada)">New Party</a>, became the <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic Party</a> (NDP) in 1961. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_results">Election results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Election results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Leader </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/– </th> <th>Position </th> <th>Government </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1935_Canadian_federal_election" title="1935 Canadian federal election">1935</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/J._S._Woodsworth" title="J. S. Woodsworth">James Woodsworth</a> </td> <td>410,125 </td> <td>9.3 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">7 / 245</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #008000; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 7 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4th </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Liberal Majority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1940_Canadian_federal_election" title="1940 Canadian federal election">1940</a> </th> <td>388,103 </td> <td>8.4 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">8 / 245</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #008000; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3rd </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Liberal Majority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1945_Canadian_federal_election" title="1945 Canadian federal election">1945</a> </th> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Major_James_Coldwell" class="mw-redirect" title="Major James Coldwell">Major James Coldwell</a> </td> <td>815,720 </td> <td>15.6 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">28 / 245</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #008000; width: 11%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 20 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3rd </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Liberal Majority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1949_Canadian_federal_election" title="1949 Canadian federal election">1949</a> </th> <td>784,770 </td> <td>13.4 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">13 / 262</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #008000; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 15 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3rd </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Liberal Majority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1953_Canadian_federal_election" title="1953 Canadian federal election">1953</a> </th> <td>636,310 </td> <td>11.3 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">23 / 265</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #008000; width: 9%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3rd </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Liberal Majority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1957_Canadian_federal_election" title="1957 Canadian federal election">1957</a> </th> <td>707,659 </td> <td>10.6 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">25 / 265</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #008000; width: 9%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3rd </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">PC Minority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1958_Canadian_federal_election" title="1958 Canadian federal election">1958</a> </th> <td>692,398 </td> <td>9.5 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">8 / 265</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #008000; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 17 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3rd </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">PC Majority<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The CCF estimated its membership as being slightly more than 20,000 in 1938, less than 30,000 in 1942, and over 90,000 in 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-Young_1969_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young_1969-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: Appendix B, Table III, p. 320">: Appendix B, Table III, p. 320 </span></sup> Membership figures declined following <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> to only 20,238 in 1950 and would never again reach 30,000<sup id="cite_ref-Young_1969_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young_1969-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: Appendix B, Table III, p. 320">: Appendix B, Table III, p. 320 </span></sup> </p><p>By the late 1940s, the CCF had official or unofficial weekly newspapers in Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan; twice-monthly papers in Ontario and Manitoba; and a bimonthly in the Maritimes. A French-language paper in Quebec was also attempted at various times. The party also produced many educational books, pamphlets, and magazines, though these efforts declined in the 1950s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Party_leaders">Party leaders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Party leaders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Picture </th> <th scope="col">Name </th> <th scope="col">Term start </th> <th scope="col">Term end </th> <th scope="col">Riding as leader </th> <th scope="col">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ac.woodsworth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Ac.woodsworth.jpg/100px-Ac.woodsworth.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Ac.woodsworth.jpg/150px-Ac.woodsworth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Ac.woodsworth.jpg/200px-Ac.woodsworth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="311" data-file-height="405" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/J._S._Woodsworth" title="J. S. Woodsworth">J. S. Woodsworth</a></td> <td>1 August 1932</td> <td>21 March 1942</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_North_Centre" title="Winnipeg North Centre">Winnipeg North Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Centre" title="Winnipeg Centre">Winnipeg Centre</a>, MB</td> <td>"Temporary leader" from the party's founding meeting on August 1, 1932 until the founding convention in July 1933 when he was elected president (leader) of the CCF. Due to illness, Woodsworth ceased to be parliamentary leader in October 1940. He remained honorary president (leader) of the CCF until his death.<sup id="cite_ref-file_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-file-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M.J._Coldwell_in_1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/M.J._Coldwell_in_1944.jpg/100px-M.J._Coldwell_in_1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/M.J._Coldwell_in_1944.jpg/150px-M.J._Coldwell_in_1944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/M.J._Coldwell_in_1944.jpg/200px-M.J._Coldwell_in_1944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="376" data-file-height="424" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_James_Coldwell" class="mw-redirect" title="Major James Coldwell">M. J. Coldwell</a></td> <td>29 July 1942</td> <td>10 August 1960</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosetown%E2%80%94Biggar_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Rosetown—Biggar (federal electoral district)">Rosetown—Biggar</a>, SK</td> <td>Became parliamentary leader of the CCF in October 1940. Was unanimously elected party president (leader) at the CCF's national convention in Toronto in July 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-file_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-file-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hazen_Argue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Hazen_Argue.jpg/100px-Hazen_Argue.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Hazen_Argue.jpg/150px-Hazen_Argue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Hazen_Argue.jpg/200px-Hazen_Argue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="388" data-file-height="497" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hazen_Argue" title="Hazen Argue">Hazen Argue</a></td> <td>11 August 1960</td> <td>2 August 1961</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Assiniboia_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Assiniboia (federal electoral district)">Assiniboia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wood_Mountain_(electoral_district)" title="Wood Mountain (electoral district)">Wood Mountain</a>, SK</td> <td>Chosen parliamentary leader by the CCF caucus after Coldwell lost his seat in the 1958 general election. Officially elected party leader, without opposition, at the CCF national convention in 1960. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_chairmen">National chairmen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: National chairmen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Claire_Gillis,_David_Lewis,_M.J.Coldwell_c007253.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Claire_Gillis%2C_David_Lewis%2C_M.J.Coldwell_c007253.jpg/300px-Claire_Gillis%2C_David_Lewis%2C_M.J.Coldwell_c007253.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Claire_Gillis%2C_David_Lewis%2C_M.J.Coldwell_c007253.jpg/450px-Claire_Gillis%2C_David_Lewis%2C_M.J.Coldwell_c007253.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Claire_Gillis%2C_David_Lewis%2C_M.J.Coldwell_c007253.jpg/600px-Claire_Gillis%2C_David_Lewis%2C_M.J.Coldwell_c007253.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="453" /></a><figcaption>Four past and future National Chairmen in September 1944: National CCF delegation attending the <b>Conference of Commonwealth Labour Parties</b> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England. <i>Pictured from left to right</i>: <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Gillis" title="Clarence Gillis">Clarie Gillis</a>, MP for <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_South_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Cape Breton South (federal electoral district)">Cape Breton South</a>; <a href="/wiki/David_Lewis_(Canadian_politician)" title="David Lewis (Canadian politician)">David Lewis</a>, National Secretary; <a href="/wiki/Major_James_Coldwell" class="mw-redirect" title="Major James Coldwell">M. J. Coldwell</a>, National Leader, MP for <a href="/wiki/Rosetown%E2%80%94Biggar_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Rosetown—Biggar (federal electoral district)">Rosetown—Biggar</a>; <a href="/wiki/Percy_Wright" title="Percy Wright">Percy E. Wright</a>, MP for <a href="/wiki/Melfort_(electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Melfort (electoral district)">Melfort</a>; and <a href="/wiki/F._R._Scott" title="F. R. Scott">Frank Scott</a>, national chairman.</figcaption></figure> <p>The national chairman was the equivalent of party president in most Canadian political parties and was sometimes referred to as such, in that it was largely an organizational role. In the case of the CCF, the national chairman oversaw the party's national council and chaired its meetings. Following an initial period in which Woodsworth held both roles, it was usually distinct from and secondary to the position of party leader. National president originally was also a title the leader held, as both Woodsworth and Coldwell held the title when they held seats in the House of Commons. In 1958, after Coldwell lost his seat, the position of national chairman was merged formally into the president's title and was held by David Lewis.<sup id="cite_ref-Young_1969_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young_1969-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 235">: 235 </span></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._S._Woodsworth" title="J. S. Woodsworth">J. S. Woodsworth</a> (1932–38)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_James_Coldwell" class="mw-redirect" title="Major James Coldwell">M. J. Coldwell</a> (1938–42)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._R._Scott" title="F. R. Scott">F. R. Scott</a> (1942–50)<sup id="cite_ref-1950_Convention_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1950_Convention-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Wright" title="Percy Wright">Percy Wright</a> (1950–54)<sup id="cite_ref-1952_Convention_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1952_Convention-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lewis_(Canadian_politician)" title="David Lewis (Canadian politician)">David Lewis</a> (1954–58)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStewart2000211_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStewart2000211-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lewis_(Canadian_politician)" title="David Lewis (Canadian politician)">David Lewis</a> as party president (1958–61)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStewart2000211_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStewart2000211-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_secretaries">National secretaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: National secretaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The national secretary was a staff position (initially part-time, and then full-time beginning 1938) which was responsible for the day-to-day organizing of the party. The national secretary was the only full-time employee at the party's national headquarters until 1943, when a research director, <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Forsey" title="Eugene Forsey">Eugene Forsey</a>, and an assistant to the leader were hired. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M._J._Coldwell" title="M. J. Coldwell">M. J. Coldwell</a> (1934–36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lewis_(Canadian_politician)" title="David Lewis (Canadian politician)">David Lewis</a> (1936–50)<sup id="cite_ref-1950_Convention_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1950_Convention-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lorne Ingle (1950–58)<sup id="cite_ref-Young_1969_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young_1969-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 127">: 127 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1989294_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1989294-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Carl Hamilton (1958–61)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStewart2000212_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStewart2000212-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="CCF_song">CCF song</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: CCF song"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Towards_the_Dawn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Towards_the_Dawn.jpg/220px-Towards_the_Dawn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Towards_the_Dawn.jpg/330px-Towards_the_Dawn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Towards_the_Dawn.jpg/440px-Towards_the_Dawn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="389" /></a><figcaption>"Towards the Dawn!" – a 1930s promotional image from Saskatchewan</figcaption></figure> <p>The CCF song would be later popularized by the movie <i><a href="/wiki/Prairie_Giant" title="Prairie Giant">Prairie Giant: The Tommy Douglas Story</a></i>. </p><p>First verse: </p> <dl><dd><i>A call goes out to Canada</i></dd> <dd><i>It comes from out the soil—</i></dd> <dd><i>Come and join the ranks through all the land</i></dd> <dd><i>To fight for those who toil</i></dd> <dd><i>Come on farmer, soldier, labourer,</i></dd> <dd><i>From the mine and factory,</i></dd> <dd><i>And side by side we'll swell the tide—</i></dd> <dd><i>C.C.F. to Victory.</i><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Provincial_sections">Provincial sections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Provincial sections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberta_New_Democratic_Party#Origins_and_early_years" title="Alberta New Democratic Party">Alberta CCF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_New_Democratic_Party#Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation_.28British_Columbia_Section.29" title="British Columbia New Democratic Party">British Columbia CCF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation_(Manitoba_Section)" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (Manitoba Section)">Manitoba CCF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick_New_Democratic_Party#Origins_and_early_history" title="New Brunswick New Democratic Party">New Brunswick CCF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador#Founding" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party of Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland CCF/Newfoundland Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_NDP#Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation_1933-1961" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova Scotia NDP">Nova Scotia CCF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation_(Ontario_Section)" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (Ontario Section)">Ontario CCF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PEI_NDP#CCF" class="mw-redirect" title="PEI NDP">Prince Edward Island CCF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_social_d%C3%A9mocratique_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Parti social démocratique du Québec">Parti social démocratique du Québec</a> (CCF in Quebec)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_New_Democratic_Party#Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation_.28Saskatchewan_Section.29" title="Saskatchewan New Democratic Party">Saskatchewan CCF</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_articles_about_CCF/NDP_members" class="mw-redirect" title="List of articles about CCF/NDP members">List of articles about CCF/NDP members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_articles_about_British_Columbia_CCF/NDP_members" class="mw-redirect" title="List of articles about British Columbia CCF/NDP members">List of articles about British Columbia CCF/NDP members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_articles_about_Alberta_CCF/NDP_members" class="mw-redirect" title="List of articles about Alberta CCF/NDP members">List of articles about Alberta CCF/NDP members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_articles_about_Saskatchewan_CCF/NDP_members" class="mw-redirect" title="List of articles about Saskatchewan CCF/NDP members">List of articles about Saskatchewan CCF/NDP members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_articles_about_Manitoba_CCF/NDP_members" class="mw-redirect" title="List of articles about Manitoba CCF/NDP members">List of articles about Manitoba CCF/NDP members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_articles_about_Ontario_CCF/NDP_members" class="mw-redirect" title="List of articles about Ontario CCF/NDP members">List of articles about Ontario CCF/NDP members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_articles_about_Newfoundland_and_Labrador_CCF/NDP_members" class="mw-redirect" title="List of articles about Newfoundland and Labrador CCF/NDP members">List of articles about Newfoundland and Labrador CCF/NDP members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_articles_about_Nova_Scotia_CCF/NDP_members" class="mw-redirect" title="List of articles about Nova Scotia CCF/NDP members">List of articles about Nova Scotia CCF/NDP members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_articles_about_Yukon_NDP_members" class="mw-redirect" title="List of articles about Yukon NDP members">List of articles about Yukon NDP members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour Party (Canada)">Labour Party (Canada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party (Canada)">New Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Farmers_of_Canada" title="United Farmers of Canada">United Farmers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Labour_Congress" title="Canadian Labour Congress">Canadian Labour Congress</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paper_Wheat" title="Paper Wheat">Paper Wheat</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Lipset1971-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lipset1971_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSeymour_Martin_Lipset1971" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Seymour_Martin_Lipset" title="Seymour Martin Lipset">Seymour Martin Lipset</a> (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_oosxdaj7JQC"><i>Agrarian Socialism: The Cooperative Commonwealth Federation in Saskatchewan : a Study in Political Sociology</i></a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-02056-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-02056-6"><bdi>978-0-520-02056-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Agrarian+Socialism%3A+The+Cooperative+Commonwealth+Federation+in+Saskatchewan+%3A+a+Study+in+Political+Sociology&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-0-520-02056-6&rft.au=Seymour+Martin+Lipset&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_oosxdaj7JQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/social-gospel">"Social Gospel"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Social+Gospel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fsocial-gospel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Finkel1979-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Finkel1979_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlvin_Finkel1979" class="citation book cs1">Alvin Finkel (1979). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/businesssocialre0000unse"><i>Business and Social Reform in the Thirties</i></a></span>. James Lorimer & Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/businesssocialre0000unse/page/154">154</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88862-235-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88862-235-8"><bdi>978-0-88862-235-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Business+and+Social+Reform+in+the+Thirties&rft.pages=154&rft.pub=James+Lorimer+%26+Company&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-88862-235-8&rft.au=Alvin+Finkel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbusinesssocialre0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-demsoc-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-demsoc_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The following sources describe the CCF as a democratic socialist political party: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_BothwellIan_M._DrummondJohn_English1989" class="citation book cs1">Robert Bothwell; Ian M. Drummond; John English (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DMaS5cb7s8QC&pg=PA149"><i>Canada Since 1945: Power, Politics and Provincialism</i></a>. University of Toronto Press. p. 149. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-6672-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-6672-5"><bdi>978-0-8020-6672-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canada+Since+1945%3A+Power%2C+Politics+and+Provincialism&rft.pages=149&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-6672-5&rft.au=Robert+Bothwell&rft.au=Ian+M.+Drummond&rft.au=John+English&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDMaS5cb7s8QC%26pg%3DPA149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthony_Hlynka2005" class="citation book cs1">Anthony Hlynka (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gQ9CN1wIA48C&pg=PR24"><i>The Honourable Member for Vegreville: The Memoirs and Diary of Anthony Hlynka, M.P. (1940–49)</i></a>. University of Calgary Press. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55238-137-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55238-137-3"><bdi>978-1-55238-137-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Honourable+Member+for+Vegreville%3A+The+Memoirs+and+Diary+of+Anthony+Hlynka%2C+M.P.+%281940%E2%80%9349%29&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=University+of+Calgary+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-55238-137-3&rft.au=Anthony+Hlynka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgQ9CN1wIA48C%26pg%3DPR24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCallum_G._BrownMichael_Snape2010" class="citation book cs1">Callum G. Brown; Michael Snape (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OXhovNnt76QC&pg=PA106"><i>Secularisation in the Christian World</i></a>. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 106. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-6131-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-6131-3"><bdi>978-0-7546-6131-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Secularisation+in+the+Christian+World&rft.pages=106&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-6131-3&rft.au=Callum+G.+Brown&rft.au=Michael+Snape&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOXhovNnt76QC%26pg%3DPA106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWill_Ferguson2011" class="citation book cs1">Will Ferguson (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LITNdiHQPnwC&pg=PT200"><i>Canadian History for Dummies</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 200. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-67678-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-67678-3"><bdi>978-0-470-67678-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canadian+History+for+Dummies&rft.pages=200&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-470-67678-3&rft.au=Will+Ferguson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLITNdiHQPnwC%26pg%3DPT200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_D._Ameringer1992" class="citation book cs1">Charles D. Ameringer (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kD5qi3MyEHYC&pg=PA157"><i>Political Parties of the Americas, 1980s to 1990s: Canada, Latin America, and the West Indies</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 157. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-27418-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-27418-3"><bdi>978-0-313-27418-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Parties+of+the+Americas%2C+1980s+to+1990s%3A+Canada%2C+Latin+America%2C+and+the+West+Indies&rft.pages=157&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-313-27418-3&rft.au=Charles+D.+Ameringer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkD5qi3MyEHYC%26pg%3DPA157&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTerence_Allan_CrowleyMurphy,_Rae1993" class="citation book cs1">Terence Allan Crowley; Murphy, Rae (1993). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/essentialsofcana00crow"><i>The Essentials of Canadian History: Pre-colonization to 1867—the Beginning of a Nation</i></a></span>. Research & Education Assoc. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/essentialsofcana00crow/page/47">47</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7386-7144-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7386-7144-4"><bdi>978-0-7386-7144-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Essentials+of+Canadian+History%3A+Pre-colonization+to+1867%E2%80%94the+Beginning+of+a+Nation&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Research+%26+Education+Assoc.&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-7386-7144-4&rft.au=Terence+Allan+Crowley&rft.au=Murphy%2C+Rae&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fessentialsofcana00crow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-socdem-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-socdem_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">These sources describe the CCF as a social-democratic political party: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryan_EvansIngo_Schmidt2012" class="citation book cs1">Bryan Evans; Ingo Schmidt (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZMcifiPmo8UC&pg=PA47"><i>Social Democracy After the Cold War</i></a>. Athabasca University Press. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-926836-87-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-926836-87-4"><bdi>978-1-926836-87-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+Democracy+After+the+Cold+War&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Athabasca+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-926836-87-4&rft.au=Bryan+Evans&rft.au=Ingo+Schmidt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZMcifiPmo8UC%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRand_Dyck2011" class="citation book cs1">Rand Dyck (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BUOoN8e5Ps0C&pg=PA219"><i>Canadian Politics</i></a>. Cengage Learning. p. 219. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-17-650343-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-17-650343-7"><bdi>978-0-17-650343-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canadian+Politics&rft.pages=219&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-17-650343-7&rft.au=Rand+Dyck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBUOoN8e5Ps0C%26pg%3DPA219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM._O._DickersonThomas_FlanaganBrenda_O'Neill2009" class="citation book cs1">M. O. Dickerson; Thomas Flanagan; Brenda O'Neill (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LZKSMxXKQ6EC&pg=PA169"><i>An Introduction to Government and Politics: A Conceptual Approach</i></a>. Cengage Learning. p. 169. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-17-650042-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-17-650042-9"><bdi>978-0-17-650042-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Government+and+Politics%3A+A+Conceptual+Approach&rft.pages=169&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-17-650042-9&rft.au=M.+O.+Dickerson&rft.au=Thomas+Flanagan&rft.au=Brenda+O%27Neill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLZKSMxXKQ6EC%26pg%3DPA169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraig_HeronRobert_Storey1986" class="citation book cs1">Craig Heron; Robert Storey (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ldSFRJaVbxAC&pg=PA21"><i>On the Job: Confronting the Labour Process in Canada</i></a>. McGill-Queens. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-0599-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-0599-5"><bdi>978-0-7735-0599-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+Job%3A+Confronting+the+Labour+Process+in+Canada&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=McGill-Queens&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-0599-5&rft.au=Craig+Heron&rft.au=Robert+Storey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DldSFRJaVbxAC%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorman_Penner1992" class="citation book cs1">Norman Penner (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A70zWFHTg2EC&pg=PA86"><i>From Protest to Power: Social Democracy in Canada 1900–Present</i></a>. James Lorimer & Company. p. 86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55028-384-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55028-384-6"><bdi>978-1-55028-384-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Protest+to+Power%3A+Social+Democracy+in+Canada+1900%E2%80%93Present&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=James+Lorimer+%26+Company&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-1-55028-384-6&rft.au=Norman+Penner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA70zWFHTg2EC%26pg%3DPA86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Finkel1997-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Finkel1997_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlvin_Finkel1997" class="citation book cs1">Alvin Finkel (1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ourlivescanadaaf0000fink"><i>Our Lives: Canada After 1945</i></a></span>. James Lorimer & Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ourlivescanadaaf0000fink/page/5">5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55028-551-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55028-551-2"><bdi>978-1-55028-551-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Our+Lives%3A+Canada+After+1945&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=James+Lorimer+%26+Company&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-55028-551-2&rft.au=Alvin+Finkel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fourlivescanadaaf0000fink&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davis1983-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Davis1983_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Davis1983" class="citation book cs1">Peter Davis (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WqkOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA53"><i>Social Democracy in the South Pacific</i></a>. Peter Davis. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-908636-35-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-908636-35-8"><bdi>978-0-908636-35-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+Democracy+in+the+South+Pacific&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=Peter+Davis&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-908636-35-8&rft.au=Peter+Davis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWqkOAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Calgary_Herald,_August_1,_1932-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Calgary_Herald,_August_1,_1932_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Calgary_Herald,_August_1,_1932_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Calgary Herald, August 1, 1932</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laurence Gronlund, <i>Co-operative Commonwealth, An Exposition of Socialism</i> (1884), p. 36 as quoted in Monto, Tom, <i>Protest and Progress, Three Labour Radicals in Early Edmonton</i>, Crang Publishing/Alhambra Books, p. 156</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/quebechistory/encyclopedia/Co-operativeCommonwealthFederation-CCF-CanadianHistory.htm">"Quebec History"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quebec+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.marianopolis.edu%2Fc.belanger%2Fquebechistory%2Fencyclopedia%2FCo-operativeCommonwealthFederation-CCF-CanadianHistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Young_1969-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Young_1969_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Young_1969_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Young_1969_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Young_1969_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Young_1969_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Young_1969_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Young_1969_11-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung1969" class="citation book cs1">Young, Walter D. (1969). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/anatomyofpartyna0000youn"><i>The anatomy of a party: the national CCF 1932–61</i></a></span>. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. <q>Anatomy of a party</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+anatomy+of+a+party%3A+the+national+CCF+1932%E2%80%9361&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Walter+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fanatomyofpartyna0000youn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNaught2001259–260-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNaught2001259–260_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNaught2001259–260_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNaught2001">McNaught (2001)</a>, pp. 259–260.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://esask.uregina.ca/entry/social_gospel.jsp">"The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan | Details"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Saskatchewan+%26%23124%3B+Details&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fesask.uregina.ca%2Fentry%2Fsocial_gospel.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton198612-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorton198612_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorton198612_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorton1986">Morton (1986)</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Knuttila2007-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Knuttila2007_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenneth_Murray_Knuttila2007" class="citation book cs1">Kenneth Murray Knuttila (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K03wdWJ3uLQC&pg=PA173"><i>The Prairie Agrarian Movement Revisited</i></a>. University of Regina Press. pp. 173–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88977-183-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88977-183-3"><bdi>978-0-88977-183-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Prairie+Agrarian+Movement+Revisited&rft.pages=173-&rft.pub=University+of+Regina+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-88977-183-3&rft.au=Kenneth+Murray+Knuttila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK03wdWJ3uLQC%26pg%3DPA173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith199288-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith199288_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith1992">Smith (1992)</a>, p. 88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMardiros1979" class="citation book cs1">Mardiros, Anthony (1979). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/williamirvinelif0000mard"><i>William Irvine, The Life of a Prairie Radical</i></a></span>. Toronto: James Lorimer & Co. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/williamirvinelif0000mard/page/208">208</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8886-2237-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8886-2237-2"><bdi>978-0-8886-2237-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Irvine%2C+The+Life+of+a+Prairie+Radical&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=208&rft.pub=James+Lorimer+%26+Co&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-8886-2237-2&rft.aulast=Mardiros&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwilliamirvinelif0000mard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Champion Chronicle, January 26, 1933</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNaught2001313–315-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNaught2001313–315_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNaught2001313–315_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNaught2001313–315_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNaught2001313–315_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNaught2001">McNaught (2001)</a>, pp. 313–315.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStewart2000244–245-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStewart2000244–245_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStewart2000244–245_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStewart2000">Stewart (2000)</a>, pp. 244–245.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Canadian Encyclopedia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-file-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-file_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-file_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parl.gc.ca/parlinfo/Files/Party.aspx?Item=12edf43c-e2be-4849-be6c-87131590112e&Language=E&MenuID=Lists.Party.aspx&MenuQuery=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2Fparlinfo%2FLists%2FParty.aspx">"Co-operative Commonwealth Federation"</a>. <i>Library of Parliament</i>. Parliament of Canada.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Parliament&rft.atitle=Co-operative+Commonwealth+Federation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2Fparlinfo%2FFiles%2FParty.aspx%3FItem%3D12edf43c-e2be-4849-be6c-87131590112e%26Language%3DE%26MenuID%3DLists.Party.aspx%26MenuQuery%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.parl.gc.ca%252Fparlinfo%252FLists%252FParty.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1950_Convention-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1950_Convention_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1950_Convention_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBraithwaite1950" class="citation news cs1">Braithwaite, Dennis (1950-07-29). "C.C.F. Disavows Marx Class Struggle Idea, Tempers High in Debate". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Toronto_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="The Toronto Star">The Toronto Daily Star</a></i>. pp. 1, 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Toronto+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=C.C.F.+Disavows+Marx+Class+Struggle+Idea%2C+Tempers+High+in+Debate&rft.pages=1%2C+7&rft.date=1950-07-29&rft.aulast=Braithwaite&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1952_Convention-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1952_Convention_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff1952" class="citation news cs1">Staff (1952-08-09). "Make Own Foreign Policy, Follow U.N. CCF Meet Urges". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Toronto_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="The Toronto Star">The Toronto Daily Star</a></i>. pp. 1, 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Toronto+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Make+Own+Foreign+Policy%2C+Follow+U.N.+CCF+Meet+Urges&rft.pages=1%2C+2&rft.date=1952-08-09&rft.au=Staff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStewart2000211-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStewart2000211_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStewart2000211_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStewart2000">Stewart (2000)</a>, p. 211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1989294-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1989294_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith1989">Smith (1989)</a>, p. 294.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStewart2000212-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStewart2000212_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStewart2000">Stewart (2000)</a>, p. 212.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scaa.usask.ca/gallery/election/en/images/big/77.jpg">"Foreword"</a>. <i>CCYM Sings</i>. Saskatchewan Council for Archives and Archivists<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CCYM+Sings&rft.atitle=Foreword&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscaa.usask.ca%2Fgallery%2Felection%2Fen%2Fimages%2Fbig%2F77.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span> CCYM is the Co-operative Commonwealth Youth Movement, the image is from a larger collection of scans in jpeg format.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvakumovic1978" class="citation book cs1">Avakumovic, Ivan (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/socialismincanad00ivan"><i>Socialism in Canada : a study of the CCF-NDP in federal and provincial politics</i></a>. Toronto: <a href="/wiki/McClelland_and_Stewart" class="mw-redirect" title="McClelland and Stewart">McClelland and Stewart</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7710-0978-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7710-0978-5"><bdi>978-0-7710-0978-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Socialism+in+Canada+%3A+a+study+of+the+CCF-NDP+in+federal+and+provincial+politics&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=McClelland+and+Stewart&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-7710-0978-5&rft.aulast=Avakumovic&rft.aufirst=Ivan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsocialismincanad00ivan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAzoulay1999" class="citation book cs1">Azoulay, Dan (1999). "A Desperate Holding Action: The Survival of the Ontario CCF/NDP, 1948–1964". In Azoulay, Dan (ed.). <i>Canadian Political Parties: Historical Readings</i>. Toronto: Irwin Publishing. pp. 342–363. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7725-2703-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7725-2703-5"><bdi>978-0-7725-2703-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Desperate+Holding+Action%3A+The+Survival+of+the+Ontario+CCF%2FNDP%2C+1948%E2%80%931964&rft.btitle=Canadian+Political+Parties%3A+Historical+Readings&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=342-363&rft.pub=Irwin+Publishing&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7725-2703-5&rft.aulast=Azoulay&rft.aufirst=Dan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyko2006" class="citation book cs1">Boyko, John (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/intohurricaneatt0000boyk"><i>Into the Hurricane: Attacking Socialism and the CCF</i></a></span>. Winnipeg, Canada: J. Gordon Shillingford Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-897289-09-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-897289-09-9"><bdi>978-1-897289-09-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Into+the+Hurricane%3A+Attacking+Socialism+and+the+CCF&rft.place=Winnipeg%2C+Canada&rft.pub=J.+Gordon+Shillingford+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-897289-09-9&rft.aulast=Boyko&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintohurricaneatt0000boyk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaplan1973" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Caplan" title="Gerald Caplan">Caplan, Gerald</a> (1973). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dilemmaofcanadia0000capl"><i>The Dilemma of Canadian Socialism: The CCF in Ontario</i></a></span>. Toronto: <a href="/wiki/McClelland_and_Stewart" class="mw-redirect" title="McClelland and Stewart">McClelland and Stewart</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7710-1896-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7710-1896-1"><bdi>978-0-7710-1896-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dilemma+of+Canadian+Socialism%3A+The+CCF+in+Ontario&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=McClelland+and+Stewart&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-7710-1896-1&rft.aulast=Caplan&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdilemmaofcanadia0000capl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDouglas1982" class="citation book cs1">Douglas, T. C. (Tommy) (1982). Thomas, L. H. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/makingofsocialis00doug"><i>The Making of a Socialist</i></a>. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780888640703" title="Special:BookSources/9780888640703"><bdi>9780888640703</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+a+Socialist&rft.place=Edmonton&rft.pub=University+of+Alberta+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=9780888640703&rft.aulast=Douglas&rft.aufirst=T.+C.+%28Tommy%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmakingofsocialis00doug&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorowitz1968" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gad_Horowitz" title="Gad Horowitz">Horowitz, Gad</a> (1968). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/canadianlabourin0000horo"><i>Canadian Labour in Politics</i></a></span>. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-1902-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-1902-8"><bdi>978-0-8020-1902-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canadian+Labour+in+Politics&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-1902-8&rft.aulast=Horowitz&rft.aufirst=Gad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcanadianlabourin0000horo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLacroix2016" class="citation journal cs1">Lacroix, Patrick (2016). "From <i>Strangers</i> to 'Humanity First': Canadian Social Democracy and Immigration Policy, 1932–1961". <i>Canadian Journal of History</i>. <b>51</b> (1): 58–82. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3138%2Fcjh.ach.51.1.003">10.3138/cjh.ach.51.1.003</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147861807">147861807</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+History&rft.atitle=From+Strangers+to+%27Humanity+First%27%3A+Canadian+Social+Democracy+and+Immigration+Policy%2C+1932%E2%80%931961&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=58-82&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3138%2Fcjh.ach.51.1.003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A147861807%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Lacroix&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis1981" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, David (1981). <i>The Good Fight: Political Memoirs 1909–1958</i>. Toronto: <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_of_Canada" title="Macmillan of Canada">Macmillan of Canada</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7715-9598-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7715-9598-1"><bdi>978-0-7715-9598-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Good+Fight%3A+Political+Memoirs+1909%E2%80%931958&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=Macmillan+of+Canada&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-7715-9598-1&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewisScott2001" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, David; Scott, Frank (2001) [1943]. <i>Make this Your Canada: A Review of CCF History and Policy</i>. Canada: Hybrid Publishers Co-operative Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9689709-0-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9689709-0-4"><bdi>978-0-9689709-0-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Make+this+Your+Canada%3A+A+Review+of+CCF+History+and+Policy&rft.place=Canada&rft.pub=Hybrid+Publishers+Co-operative+Ltd.&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-9689709-0-4&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Scott%2C+Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacDonald1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_C._MacDonald" title="Donald C. MacDonald">MacDonald, Donald C.</a> (1998). <i>The Happy Warrior: Political Memoirs</i> (2 ed.). Toronto, ON, Canada: Dundurn Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55002-307-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55002-307-7"><bdi>978-1-55002-307-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Happy+Warrior%3A+Political+Memoirs&rft.place=Toronto%2C+ON%2C+Canada&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Dundurn+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-55002-307-7&rft.aulast=MacDonald&rft.aufirst=Donald+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcHenry1950" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dean_McHenry" title="Dean McHenry">McHenry, Dean Eugene</a> (1950). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thirdforceofcana0000unse"><i>The Third Force in Canada; the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation 1932–1948</i></a></span>. Berkeley: University of California Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Third+Force+in+Canada%3B+the+Co-operative+Commonwealth+Federation+1932%E2%80%931948&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1950&rft.aulast=McHenry&rft.aufirst=Dean+Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthirdforceofcana0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLeodMcLeod2004" class="citation book cs1">McLeod, Thomas; McLeod, Ian (2004). <i>The Road to Jerusalem</i> (2 ed.). Calgary: Fifth House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-894856-48-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-894856-48-5"><bdi>978-1-894856-48-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+to+Jerusalem&rft.place=Calgary&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Fifth+House&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-894856-48-5&rft.aulast=McLeod&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=McLeod%2C+Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNaught2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_McNaught" title="Kenneth McNaught">McNaught, Kenneth</a> (2001). <i>A Prophet in Politics: A Biography of J. S. Woodsworth</i>. With a new introduction by Allen Mills (reprint ed.). Toronto: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8020-3555-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8020-3555-8"><bdi>0-8020-3555-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Prophet+in+Politics%3A+A+Biography+of+J.+S.+Woodsworth&rft.place=Toronto&rft.edition=reprint&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-8020-3555-8&rft.aulast=McNaught&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilligan2004" class="citation book cs1">Milligan, Frank (2004). <i>Eugene A. Forsey: An Intellectual Biography</i>. Calgary: University of Calgary Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781552381182" title="Special:BookSources/9781552381182"><bdi>9781552381182</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eugene+A.+Forsey%3A+An+Intellectual+Biography&rft.place=Calgary&rft.pub=University+of+Calgary+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781552381182&rft.aulast=Milligan&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMills1991" class="citation book cs1">Mills, Allen (1991). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/foolforchristpol0000mill"><i>Fool for Christ: The Political Thought of J. S. Woodsworth</i></a></span>. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781442623354" title="Special:BookSources/9781442623354"><bdi>9781442623354</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fool+for+Christ%3A+The+Political+Thought+of+J.+S.+Woodsworth&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9781442623354&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=Allen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffoolforchristpol0000mill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorton1986" class="citation book cs1">Morton, Desmond (1986). <i>The New Democrats: 1961–1986</i> (3 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>: Copp Clark Pitman Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7730-4618-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7730-4618-6"><bdi>0-7730-4618-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Democrats%3A+1961%E2%80%931986&rft.place=Toronto&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Copp+Clark+Pitman+Ltd&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-7730-4618-6&rft.aulast=Morton&rft.aufirst=Desmond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPenner1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Penner" title="Norman Penner">Penner, Norman</a> (1988). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/canadiancommunis0000penn"><i>Canadian Communism: the Stalin years and beyond</i></a></span>. Toronto: Methuen. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-458-81200-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-458-81200-4"><bdi>978-0-458-81200-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canadian+Communism%3A+the+Stalin+years+and+beyond&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=Methuen&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-458-81200-4&rft.aulast=Penner&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcanadiancommunis0000penn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/F._R._Scott" title="F. R. Scott">Scott, Frank R.</a> (1986). <i>A New Endeavour: Selected Political Essays, Letters, and Addresses</i>. Edited and introduced by <a href="/wiki/Michiel_Horn" title="Michiel Horn">Michiel Horn</a>. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-5672-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-5672-6"><bdi>978-0-8020-5672-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+New+Endeavour%3A+Selected+Political+Essays%2C+Letters%2C+and+Addresses&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-5672-6&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Frank+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShackleton1975" class="citation book cs1">Shackleton, Doris French (1975). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tommydouglas0000shac"><i>Tommy Douglas</i></a></span>. Toronto: <a href="/wiki/McClelland_%26_Stewart" title="McClelland & Stewart">McClelland & Stewart</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7710-8116-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7710-8116-3"><bdi>978-0-7710-8116-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tommy+Douglas&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=McClelland+%26+Stewart&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-7710-8116-3&rft.aulast=Shackleton&rft.aufirst=Doris+French&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftommydouglas0000shac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1989" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Cameron (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/unfinishedjourne00smit"><i>Unfinished Journey: The Lewis Family</i></a>. Toronto: Summerhill Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-929091-04-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-929091-04-4"><bdi>978-0-929091-04-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unfinished+Journey%3A+The+Lewis+Family&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=Summerhill+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-929091-04-4&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Cameron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funfinishedjourne00smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1992" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Cameron (1992). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lovesolidaritypi0000smit"><i>Love & Solidarity: A Pictorial History of the NDP</i></a></span>. Toronto: <a href="/wiki/McClelland_%26_Stewart" title="McClelland & Stewart">McClelland & Stewart</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7710-8209-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7710-8209-2"><bdi>978-0-7710-8209-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Love+%26+Solidarity%3A+A+Pictorial+History+of+the+NDP&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=McClelland+%26+Stewart&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-7710-8209-2&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Cameron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flovesolidaritypi0000smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewartFrench_(Shackleton)1959" class="citation book cs1">Stewart, Margaret; French (Shackleton), Doris (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/asknoquarter0000unse"><i>Ask no quarter; a biography of Agnes Macphail</i></a>. Toronto: Longmans, Green.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ask+no+quarter%3B+a+biography+of+Agnes+Macphail&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft.au=French+%28Shackleton%29%2C+Doris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fasknoquarter0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Stewart_(journalist)" title="Walter Stewart (journalist)">Stewart, Walter</a> (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mjlifetimesofmjc0000stew"><i>M.J.: The Life and Times of M.J. Coldwell</i></a></span>. Toronto: Stoddart Publishing Co. Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7737-3232-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7737-3232-2"><bdi>978-0-7737-3232-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=M.J.%3A+The+Life+and+Times+of+M.J.+Coldwell&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=Stoddart+Publishing+Co.+Limited&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7737-3232-2&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmjlifetimesofmjc0000stew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2003" class="citation book cs1">Stewart, Walter (2003). <i>Tommy: the life and politics of Tommy Douglas</i>. Toronto: McArthur & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55278-382-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55278-382-5"><bdi>978-1-55278-382-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tommy%3A+the+life+and+politics+of+Tommy+Douglas&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=McArthur+%26+Company&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-55278-382-5&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrofimenkoff1982" class="citation book cs1">Trofimenkoff, Susan Mann (1982). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stanleyknowlesma0000trof"><i>Stanley Knowles: The Man from Winnipeg North Centre</i></a></span>. Saskatoon: Western Producer Prairie Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780888331007" title="Special:BookSources/9780888331007"><bdi>9780888331007</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stanley+Knowles%3A+The+Man+from+Winnipeg+North+Centre&rft.place=Saskatoon&rft.pub=Western+Producer+Prairie+Books&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=9780888331007&rft.aulast=Trofimenkoff&rft.aufirst=Susan+Mann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstanleyknowlesma0000trof&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACo-operative+Commonwealth+Federation" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040216003527/http://www.mta.ca/faculty/arts/canadian_studies/english/about/study_guide/roots/index.html">The Prairie Roots of Canada's Political 'Third Parties'</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/tommy-douglas-greatest-canadian-feature">Tommy Douglas: "Greatest Canadian"</a> feature article from the <i><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Encyclopedia">Canadian Encyclopedia</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050425030506/http://www2.marianopolis.edu/quebechistory/readings/ccf-ndp.htm">The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) and the New Democratic Party (NDP): their Failure in Quebec, 1932–1997</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archives">Archives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Archives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=105674&lang=eng">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation and New Democratic Party fonds</a> at <a href="/wiki/Library_and_Archives_Canada" title="Library and Archives Canada">Library and Archives Canada</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:80444/xv72973">George E. Rennar Papers</a>. 1933–1972. 37.43 cubic feet. Contains ephemera on the Congress of Industrial Organizations from 1945 to 1947. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lib.washington.edu/specialcollections/laws">At the Labor Archives of Washington, University of Washington Special Collections</a>.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ginger_Group_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ginger Group (Canada)">Ginger Group</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Co-operative Commonwealth Federation </b><br />1932–1961 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party (Canada)">New Democratic Party</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_federal_political_parties" title="Template:Canadian federal political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canadian_federal_political_parties" title="Template talk:Canadian federal political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian_federal_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian federal political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Federal_political_parties_and_parliamentary_groups_in_Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_political_parties_in_Canada" title="List of federal political parties in Canada">Federal political parties and parliamentary groups in Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> (153)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> (120)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> (33)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a> (25)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (4)</li> <li>Vacant (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Independent_Senators_Group" title="Independent Senators Group">Independent Senators Group</a></i> (41)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Senators_Group" title="Canadian Senators Group">Canadian Senators Group</a></i> (18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Non-affiliated</a> (15)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Senate_Group" title="Progressive Senate Group">Progressive Senate Group</a></i> (14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada#Senate_Caucus" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> (12)</li> <li>Vacant (5)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other registered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Protection_Party_of_Canada" title="Animal Protection Party of Canada">Animal Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrist_Party_of_Canada" title="Centrist Party of Canada">Centrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Heritage_Party_of_Canada" title="Christian Heritage Party of Canada">Christian Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada" title="Communist Party of Canada">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Party_Canada" title="Free Party Canada">Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Future_Party" title="Canadian Future Party">Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Canada" title="Libertarian Party of Canada">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marijuana_Party_(Canada)" title="Marijuana Party (Canada)">Marijuana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist)">Marxist–Leninist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maverick_Party" title="Maverick Party">Maverick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Canada" title="People's Party of Canada">People's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros_Party" title="Rhinoceros Party">Rhinoceros</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable <br />historical parties<br /> and groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Confederation_Party" title="Anti-Confederation Party">Anti-Confederate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_populaire" title="Bloc populaire">Bloc populaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Alliance" title="Canadian Alliance">Canadian Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931942)" title="Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)">Conservative</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Co-operative Commonwealth</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Representative_Caucus" title="Democratic Representative Caucus">Democratic Representative Caucus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ginger_Group" title="Ginger Group">Ginger Group</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_candidates_and_parties_in_Canada" title="Labour candidates and parties in Canada">Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor-Progressive_Party" title="Labor-Progressive Party">Labor-Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democracy_(Canada)" title="New Democracy (Canada)">New Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Party of Canada">Progressive/United Farmers</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_debout" title="Québec debout">Québec debout</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralliement_cr%C3%A9ditiste" title="Ralliement créditiste">Ralliement créditiste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Party_of_Canada" title="Reconstruction Party of Canada">Reconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Canada" title="Reform Party of Canada">Reform</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Senate_Liberal_Caucus" title="Senate Liberal Caucus">Senate Liberal Caucus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Credit_Party_of_Canada" title="Social Credit Party of Canada">Social Credit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strength_in_Democracy" title="Strength in Democracy">Strength in Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionist_Party_(Canada)" title="Unionist Party (Canada)">Unionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_(Canada)" title="Unity (Canada)">Unity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_group" title="Parliamentary group">parliamentary group</a> that acts as a party in the legislature, but does not contest elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Portal:Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ruling_political_parties_by_country" title="List of ruling political parties by country">List of political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Canada" title="Politics of Canada">Politics of Canada</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_Democratic_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Democratic_Party" title="Template:New Democratic Party"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Democratic_Party" title="Template talk:New Democratic Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Democratic_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Democratic Party"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_Democratic_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Party wings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provincial / Territorial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberta_New_Democratic_Party" title="Alberta New Democratic Party">Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_New_Democratic_Party" title="British Columbia New Democratic Party">British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_Manitoba" title="New Democratic Party of Manitoba">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick_New_Democratic_Party" title="New Brunswick New Democratic Party">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador_New_Democratic_Party" title="Newfoundland and Labrador New Democratic Party">Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_New_Democratic_Party" title="Nova Scotia New Democratic Party">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario_New_Democratic_Party" title="Ontario New Democratic Party">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="New Democratic Party of Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_New_Democratic_Party" title="Saskatchewan New Democratic Party">Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukon_New_Democratic_Party" title="Yukon New Democratic Party">Yukon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation_(Manitoba_Section)" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (Manitoba Section)">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation_(Ontario_Section)" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (Ontario Section)">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_social_d%C3%A9mocratique_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Parti social démocratique du Québec">Quebec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_de_la_d%C3%A9mocratie_socialiste" title="Parti de la démocratie socialiste">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_New_Democratic_Party" title="Metro New Democratic Party">Toronto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maple_leaf_--_NDP.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Maple_leaf_--_NDP.svg/50px-Maple_leaf_--_NDP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Maple_leaf_--_NDP.svg/75px-Maple_leaf_--_NDP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Maple_leaf_--_NDP.svg/100px-Maple_leaf_--_NDP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="325" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._S._Woodsworth" title="J. S. Woodsworth">Woodsworth</a> (CCF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._J._Coldwell" title="M. J. Coldwell">Coldwell</a> (CCF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazen_Argue" title="Hazen Argue">Argue</a> (CCF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Douglas" title="Tommy Douglas">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lewis_(Canadian_politician)" title="David Lewis (Canadian politician)">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Broadbent" title="Ed Broadbent">Broadbent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audrey_McLaughlin" title="Audrey McLaughlin">McLaughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexa_McDonough" title="Alexa McDonough">McDonough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Layton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Mulcair" title="Tom Mulcair">Mulcair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagmeet_Singh" title="Jagmeet Singh">Singh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_leadership_elections" title="New Democratic Party leadership elections">Leadership elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1961_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="1961 New Democratic Party leadership election">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="1971 New Democratic Party leadership election">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="1975 New Democratic Party leadership election">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="1989 New Democratic Party leadership election">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="1995 New Democratic Party leadership election">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="2003 New Democratic Party leadership election">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="2012 New Democratic Party leadership election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="2017 New Democratic Party leadership election">2017</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parliamentary election<br />candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_1988_Canadian_federal_election" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 1988 Canadian federal election">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 1993 Canadian federal election">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_1997_Canadian_federal_election" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 1997 Canadian federal election">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_2000_Canadian_federal_election" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 2000 Canadian federal election">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_candidates,_2004_Canadian_federal_election" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party candidates, 2004 Canadian federal election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_2006_Canadian_federal_election" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 2006 Canadian federal election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 2008 Canadian federal election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 2011 Canadian federal election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 2015 Canadian federal election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 2019 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_2021_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 2021 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">2021</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shadow cabinets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_of_the_39th_Parliament_of_Canada" title="New Democratic Party Shadow Cabinet of the 39th Parliament of Canada">Layton I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_of_the_40th_Parliament_of_Canada" title="New Democratic Party Shadow Cabinet of the 40th Parliament of Canada">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_Shadow_Cabinet_of_the_41st_Parliament_of_Canada" title="Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet of the 41st Parliament of Canada">Layton/Turmel/Mulcair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_of_the_42nd_Parliament_of_Canada" title="New Democratic Party Shadow Cabinet of the 42nd Parliament of Canada">Mulcair/Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_of_the_43rd_Parliament_of_Canada" title="New Democratic Party Shadow Cabinet of the 43rd Parliament of Canada">Singh II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_of_the_44th_Parliament_of_Canada" title="New Democratic Party Shadow Cabinet of the 44th Parliament of Canada">III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_CCF/NDP_members" title="List of CCF/NDP members">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_New_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the New Democratic Party">Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Democratic_Party_members_of_parliament" title="List of New Democratic Party members of parliament">Members of Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NDP_members_of_provincial_and_territorial_assemblies" title="List of NDP members of provincial and territorial assemblies">Members of provincial/territorial assemblies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_articles_about_Alberta_CCF/NDP_members" class="mw-redirect" title="List of articles about Alberta CCF/NDP members">Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_Columbia_CCF/NDP_members" title="List of British Columbia CCF/NDP members">British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_articles_about_Saskatchewan_CCF/NDP_members" class="mw-redirect" title="List of articles about Saskatchewan CCF/NDP members">Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_articles_about_Manitoba_CCF/NDP_members" class="mw-redirect" title="List of articles about Manitoba CCF/NDP members">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_articles_about_Ontario_CCF/NDP_members" class="mw-redirect" title="List of articles about Ontario CCF/NDP members">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_articles_about_Nova_Scotia_CCF/NDP_members" class="mw-redirect" title="List of articles about Nova Scotia CCF/NDP members">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_articles_about_Yukon_NDP_members" class="mw-redirect" title="List of articles about Yukon NDP members">Yukon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Factions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Waffle" title="The Waffle">The Waffle</a> (1969–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Caucus" title="Left Caucus">Left Caucus</a> (1979–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_Socialist_Caucus" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party Socialist Caucus">Socialist Caucus</a> (1998–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Politics_Initiative" title="New Politics Initiative">New Politics Initiative</a> (2001–2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key documents and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Creation of <a href="/wiki/Ginger_Group" title="Ginger Group">Ginger Group</a> (1924)</li> <li>Founding of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regina_Manifesto" title="Regina Manifesto">Regina Manifesto</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Declaration" title="Winnipeg Declaration">Winnipeg Declaration</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statement_of_Principles_(NDP)" title="Statement of Principles (NDP)">Statement of Principles</a> (1983)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Labour_Congress" title="Canadian Labour Congress">Canadian Labour Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_New_Democratic_Party" title="History of the New Democratic Party">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Party of Canada">Progressive Party/United Farmers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_candidates_and_parties_in_Canada" title="Labour candidates and parties in Canada">Labour candidates and parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_Group" title="Ginger Group">Ginger Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Party_(Canada)" title="New Party (Canada)">New Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%27s_Young_New_Democrats" title="Canada's Young New Democrats">Canada's Young New Democrats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Youth_of_Alberta" title="New Democratic Youth of Alberta">Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario_New_Democratic_Youth" title="Ontario New Democratic Youth">Ontario</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leap_Manifesto" title="Leap Manifesto">Leap Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_Quebec" title="New Democratic Party of Quebec">New Democratic Party of Quebec</a> (not affiliated)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1104026#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1104026#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1104026#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121791575">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/146377460">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82137151">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12249841k">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12249841k">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20091022012&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007589960805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058619956706706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027520420">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6qv8b21">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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{\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-c8d867bcc-rg6d6","timestamp":"20241217054657","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Co-operative Commonwealth Federation","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1104026","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1104026","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-12-20T22:25:48Z","dateModified":"2024-12-04T21:58:35Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/7\/72\/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation_logo.png","headline":"former political party in Canada"}</script> </body> </html>