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id="toc-CCF_leader-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1945_elections:_disappointment_and_defeat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1945_elections:_disappointment_and_defeat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>1945 elections: disappointment and defeat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1945_elections:_disappointment_and_defeat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leadership_succession_crisis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership_succession_crisis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Leadership succession crisis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leadership_succession_crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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J. Coldwell</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Major_James_Coldwell&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Major James Coldwell">Major James Coldwell</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Canadian socialist politician (1888–1974)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Honourable" title="The Honourable">The Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">M. J. Coldwell</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" title="King's Privy Council for Canada">PC</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">CC</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Major_James_Coldwell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Major_James_Coldwell.jpg/220px-Major_James_Coldwell.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Major_James_Coldwell.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="271" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">2nd Leader of the <a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />July 29, 1942 – August 10, 1960</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/J._S._Woodsworth" title="J. S. Woodsworth">J. S. Woodsworth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hazen_Argue" title="Hazen Argue">Hazen Argue</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">2nd National Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1938–1942</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/J._S._Woodsworth" title="J. S. Woodsworth">J. S. Woodsworth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/F._R._Scott" title="F. R. Scott">F. R. Scott</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">Member of Parliament</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/Rosetown%E2%80%94Biggar_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Rosetown—Biggar (federal electoral district)">Rosetown—Biggar</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />October 14, 1935 – March 30, 1958</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>New Constituency</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Owen_Cooper" title="Clarence Owen Cooper">Clarence Owen Cooper</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st National Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1934–1936</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>new office</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_Lewis_(Canadian_politician)" title="David Lewis (Canadian politician)">David Lewis</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st Leader of the <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Saskatchewan Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Saskatchewan Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1932–1936</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>new office</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Hara_Williams" title="George Hara Williams">George Hara Williams</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Regina_City_Council" title="Regina City Council">Regina City Council</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1922–1932</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Major James William Coldwell</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1888-12-02</span>)</span>December 2, 1888<br /><a href="/wiki/Seaton,_Devon" title="Seaton, Devon">Seaton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">August 25, 1974<span style="display:none">(1974-08-25)</span> (aged 85)<br /><a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic Party</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Norah Dunsford Coldwell</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1912)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2<sup id="cite_ref-Estorick_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Estorick-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Ottawa, Ontario, Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Author</li><li>principal</li><li>teacher</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Major James William Coldwell</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" title="King's Privy Council for Canada">PC</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">CC</a></span></span> (December 2, 1888 – August 25, 1974) was a Canadian <a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic socialist">democratic socialist</a> politician, and leader of the <a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</a> (CCF) <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">party</a> from 1942 to 1960. </p><p>Born in England, he immigrated to Canada in 1910. Prior to his political career, he was an educator and union activist. In 1935, he was elected to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons of Canada</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Rosetown%E2%80%94Biggar_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Rosetown—Biggar (federal electoral district)">Rosetown—Biggar</a> electoral district in Saskatchewan. He was re-elected five times before he was defeated in the <a href="/wiki/1958_Canadian_federal_election" title="1958 Canadian federal election">1958 Diefenbaker sweep</a>. He became the CCF's first national secretary in 1934 and became its national leader upon the death of <a href="/wiki/J._S._Woodsworth" title="J. S. Woodsworth">J. S. Woodsworth</a> in 1942. He remained leader until 1960, when there was a parliamentary caucus revolt against him. When the CCF disbanded in 1961, he joined its successor, the <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic Party</a>. </p><p>Coldwell is remembered mainly for helping to introduce "<a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">welfare state</a>" policies to Canada, by persuading the Canadian government to introduce an <a href="/wiki/Old_Age_Security" title="Old Age Security">Old Age Security</a> programme and child benefits during the mid-1940s. He turned down several offers to join the governing <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party of Canada</a>, including one offer that would have made him Prime Minister. After his defeat in 1958, he was offered an appointment to the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senate</a>, but he declined this as well. In 1964 he was sworn into the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Council of Canada">Privy Council</a>, and in 1967 he was one of the initial inductees into the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">Order of Canada</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._J._Coldwell&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Coldwell was born in <a href="/wiki/Seaton,_Devon" title="Seaton, Devon">Seaton</a>, England on December 2, 1888.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended <a href="/wiki/Exeter_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Exeter University">Exeter University</a> (then called Royal Albert Memorial College), where he met Norah Gertrude Dunsford in 1907, and in December 1909, they became engaged.<sup id="cite_ref-Dunsford_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunsford-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Norah was born in 1888 and was the daughter of a wealthy newspaper proprietor, John Thomas Dunsford.<sup id="cite_ref-Dunsford_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunsford-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coldwell left in February 1910 to teach in Canada's <a href="/wiki/Prairie_provinces" class="mw-redirect" title="Prairie provinces">Prairie provinces</a>. He became a school teacher in <a href="/wiki/New_Norway,_Alberta" class="mw-redirect" title="New Norway, Alberta">New Norway, Alberta</a>, and returned to the United Kingdom during summer break in 1912.<sup id="cite_ref-Timeline_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Timeline-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He and Norah were married at the Wembdon Church in <a href="/wiki/Bridgwater,_Somerset" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridgwater, Somerset">Bridgwater, Somerset</a>, England, on July 22.<sup id="cite_ref-Timeline_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Timeline-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They honeymooned in England for two weeks and then sailed to Canada, where he continued teaching in <a href="/wiki/Sedley,_Saskatchewan" title="Sedley, Saskatchewan">Sedley, Saskatchewan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Timeline_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Timeline-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was known nationally as a leader of teachers' associations from 1924 to 1934. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_political_career">Early political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._J._Coldwell&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He first ran for the Canadian House of Commons as a <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Party of Canada">Progressive</a> candidate in <a href="/wiki/Regina_(electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Regina (electoral district)">Regina</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1925_Canadian_federal_election" title="1925 Canadian federal election">1925 federal election</a> but was defeated. He was elected as a city councillor for <a href="/wiki/Regina_City_Council" title="Regina City Council">Regina City Council</a> and developed links with labour and farmers' organizations. </p><p>In 1926, Coldwell organized the Independent Labour Party (ILP) in Saskatchewan.<sup id="cite_ref-Young_21_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young_21-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1929, The Farmers' Political Association and the ILP nominated three candidates for the provincial election, under the joint banner of the <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Farmer%E2%80%93Labour_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Saskatchewan Farmer–Labour party">Saskatchewan Farmer–Labour party</a>, with Coldwell leading it.<sup id="cite_ref-Young_21_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young_21-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party fought the <a href="/wiki/1934_Saskatchewan_general_election" title="1934 Saskatchewan general election">1934 provincial election</a> under Coldwell's leadership, and it won five seats in the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Saskatchewan" title="Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan">Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan</a>, making it the <a href="/wiki/Official_opposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Official opposition">official opposition</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Saskatchewan" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party of Saskatchewan">Liberal</a> government. Coldwell himself was defeated in his bid for office. After the election, the party affiliated itself with the <a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</a> and became the <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_CCF" class="mw-redirect" title="Saskatchewan CCF">Saskatchewan CCF</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elected_MP">Elected MP</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._J._Coldwell&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Elected MP"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1934, Coldwell became the CCF's first national secretary.<sup id="cite_ref-M.J._NDP_Bio_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M.J._NDP_Bio-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/1935_Canadian_federal_election" title="1935 Canadian federal election">1935 federal election</a>, he was elected to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a> as Member of Parliament (MP) for the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_(Canada)" title="Electoral district (Canada)">riding</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rosetown%E2%80%94Biggar_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Rosetown—Biggar (federal electoral district)">Rosetown-Biggar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-M.J._NDP_Bio_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M.J._NDP_Bio-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also served as the CCF's national chairman from 1938 to 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-M.J._NDP_Bio_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M.J._NDP_Bio-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He split with CCF leader <a href="/wiki/J._S._Woodsworth" title="J. S. Woodsworth">J. S. Woodsworth</a> when World War II broke out in 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-War_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-War-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Woodsworth, a <a href="/wiki/Pacifist" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacifist">pacifist</a>, opposed the war effort, while Coldwell and the rest of the CCF <a href="/wiki/Caucus" title="Caucus">caucus</a> supported it, as per the party's official position.<sup id="cite_ref-War_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-War-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="CCF_leader">CCF leader</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._J._Coldwell&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: CCF leader"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following Woodsworth's stroke in 1940, Coldwell was appointed parliamentary leader of the CCF while Woodsworth remained the party's honorary president. In July 1942, three months after Woodsworth's death, Coldwell was unanimously elected the CCF's new leader at the party's convention.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-M.J._NDP_Bio_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M.J._NDP_Bio-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He led the party through five general elections. After an upsurge of support for the party in the mid-1940s, the party embarked on a long decline during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-On_the_Skids_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-On_the_Skids-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Liberals appropriated many of the CCF's policies and made them government policy.<sup id="cite_ref-On_the_Skids_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-On_the_Skids-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liberal governments implemented unemployment insurance, family allowances, and universal old age pensions, stealing much of the CCF's thunder and causing the party's electoral fortunes to turn downward during the prosperous 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-On_the_Skids_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-On_the_Skids-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coldwell cared much more that his party's policies were becoming law than that he and the CCF received little credit for them.<sup id="cite_ref-Star_obit_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Star_obit-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1945, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">William Lyon Mackenzie King</a> offered Coldwell a Cabinet post in his government.<sup id="cite_ref-Prime_Minister_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prime_Minister-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Coldwell refused, King made another offer, which would have made him the next Liberal leader and, by extension, Prime Minister.<sup id="cite_ref-Prime_Minister_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prime_Minister-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coldwell again refused, mainly out of loyalty to his party and its principles, and he stated that, "if the country needed me in the Prime Minister's chair, then it would be at the head of a Co-operative Commonwealth Federation government and not as a member of a party with views and politics contradictory to those in which I believed."<sup id="cite_ref-Prime_Minister_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prime_Minister-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rumours that King made Coldwell an offer became public during the 1946 by-election campaign in <a href="/wiki/Parkdale_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Parkdale (federal electoral district)">Parkdale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Coldwell_sale_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coldwell_sale-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On October 11, at a rally for the CCF's by-election candidate, Ford Brand, at <a href="/wiki/Parkdale_Collegiate_Institute" title="Parkdale Collegiate Institute">Parkdale Collegiate Institute</a>, a member of the audience asked Coldwell about the rumour that he had been offered the leadership of the Liberal Party.<sup id="cite_ref-Coldwell_sale_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coldwell_sale-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coldwell responded by stating that there had been no official offer and that "the Liberals thought they could buy Coldwell. Coldwell is not for sale."<sup id="cite_ref-Coldwell_sale_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coldwell_sale-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1945_elections:_disappointment_and_defeat">1945 elections: disappointment and defeat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._J._Coldwell&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1945 elections: disappointment and defeat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-One_source plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-one_source" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The first paragraph of this section <b>relies largely or entirely upon a single source</b> and reads like a historian's opinion.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:M._J._Coldwell##" title="Talk:M. J. Coldwell">talk page</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M._J._Coldwell&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">introducing citations to additional sources</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22M.+J.+Coldwell%22">"M. J. Coldwell"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22M.+J.+Coldwell%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22M.+J.+Coldwell%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22M.+J.+Coldwell%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22M.+J.+Coldwell%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22M.+J.+Coldwell%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2016</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Coldwell and the rest of the CCF were looking forward to the <a href="/wiki/1945_Canadian_federal_election" title="1945 Canadian federal election">federal</a> and <a href="/wiki/1945_Ontario_general_election" title="1945 Ontario general election">Ontario</a> elections of 1945, which would possibly be the most crucial to Canada in the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-caplan191_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-caplan191-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They took place at the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">welfare state</a> and set the course of political thought to the end of the century and beyond.<sup id="cite_ref-caplan191_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-caplan191-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The year was a disaster for the CCF, both nationally and in Ontario, which Coldwell and the CCF's main players realized at the time. The CCF never fully recovered and, in 1961, it would disband and be replaced by the <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-caplan191_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-caplan191-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As NDP strategist and historian <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Caplan" title="Gerald Caplan">Gerald Caplan</a> put it: "June 4 [Ontario], and June 11 [Canada], 1945, proved to be black days in CCF annals: socialism was effectively removed from the Canadian political agenda."<sup id="cite_ref-caplan191_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-caplan191-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The antisocialist crusade by the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario">Ontario Conservative Party</a>, mostly credited to the <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Provincial_Police" title="Ontario Provincial Police">Ontario Provincial Police</a> (OPP) special investigative branch's agent D-208 (Captain William J. Osborne-Dempster) and the Conservative propagandists Gladstone Murray and Montague A. Sanderson,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> diminished the CCF's initially favourable position both provincially and nationally:<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the September 1943 <a href="/wiki/Gallup_poll" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup poll">Gallup poll</a> showed the CCF leading nationally with 29 per cent support, with the Liberals and the Conservatives tied for second place at 28 per cent.<sup id="cite_ref-McHenry_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McHenry-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By April 1945, the CCF was down to 20 per cent nationally, and on election day it received only 16 per cent.<sup id="cite_ref-McHenry_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McHenry-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another factor in the CCF's defeat was the unofficial coalition between the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party of Canada</a> and the communist <a href="/wiki/Labor-Progressive_Party" title="Labor-Progressive Party">Labor-Progressive Party</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which guaranteed a split in the left-of-centre vote.<sup id="cite_ref-caplan157_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-caplan157-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leadership_succession_crisis">Leadership succession crisis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._J._Coldwell&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Leadership succession crisis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Coldwell had a moderating influence on party policy, and at the party's biannual convention in Winnipeg in 1956, the party passed the <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Declaration" title="Winnipeg Declaration">Winnipeg Declaration</a> as a statement of party principles to replace the more radical <a href="/wiki/Regina_Manifesto" title="Regina Manifesto">Regina Manifesto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He pushed the party to accept the private sector in a mixed economy in the hope that the new principles would make the CCF more electable.<sup id="cite_ref-Winnipeg_Principles_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winnipeg_Principles-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/1958_Canadian_federal_election" title="1958 Canadian federal election">1958 election</a>, Coldwell lost his seat in the House of Commons, and the party was reduced to a rump of eight MPs. The new <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative</a> Prime Minister, <a href="/wiki/John_Diefenbaker" title="John Diefenbaker">John Diefenbaker</a>, offered him an appointment to the Senate, which he declined.<sup id="cite_ref-Prime_Minister_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prime_Minister-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the election, Coldwell often considered resigning the CCF leadership, but the party executive repeatedly dissuaded him from doing so. However, the party needed a leader in the House of Commons, and the CCF <a href="/wiki/Caucus#In_Commonwealth_nations" title="Caucus">parliamentary caucus</a> chose <a href="/wiki/Hazen_Argue" title="Hazen Argue">Hazen Argue</a> to fill this role.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the lead-up to the 1960 CCF convention, Argue pressed Coldwell to step down. The leadership challenge jeopardized plans for an orderly transition to the new party that was being planned by the CCF and the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Labour_Congress" title="Canadian Labour Congress">Canadian Labour Congress</a>. CCF national president <a href="/wiki/David_Lewis_(Canadian_politician)" title="David Lewis (Canadian politician)">David Lewis</a>, who succeeded Coldwell as president in 1958, when the national chairman and national president positions were merged, and the rest of the new party's organizers both opposed Argue's manoeuvres and wanted <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> premier <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Douglas" title="Tommy Douglas">Tommy Douglas</a> to be the new party's leader.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an attempt to prevent their plans from derailing, Lewis tried to persuade Argue not to force a vote at the convention on the question of the party's leadership. The vote went ahead, and there was a split between the parliamentary caucus and the party executive on the convention floor. Coldwell stepped down as leader, and Argue replaced him, becoming the party's final national leader.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As far back as 1941, Coldwell wanted Douglas to succeed him as leader of the national CCF, notwithstanding his willingness to assume the national leadership himself.<sup id="cite_ref-Tommy_as_Successor_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tommy_as_Successor-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1961, with the formation of the "<a href="/wiki/New_Party_(Canada)" title="New Party (Canada)">New Party</a>", Coldwell put pressure on Douglas to run for the leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-Tommy_as_Successor_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tommy_as_Successor-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coldwell did not trust Argue, and many in the CCF leadership thought that Argue had been holding secret meetings with the Liberals to merge the "New Party" with the Liberal Party.<sup id="cite_ref-Tommy_as_Successor_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tommy_as_Successor-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, Coldwell and Douglas thought that Lewis could not defeat Argue because he had no parliamentary seat and, probably more importantly, his role as party disciplinarian over the years had made him too many enemies.<sup id="cite_ref-Tommy_as_Successor_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tommy_as_Successor-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Douglas, after much consultation, with Coldwell, Lewis, and his caucus, reluctantly decided in June 1961 to contest the leadership of the New Party.<sup id="cite_ref-Tommy_as_Successor_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tommy_as_Successor-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He handily defeated Argue on August 3, 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-NDP_Elect_T.C.D._26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NDP_Elect_T.C.D.-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Six months later Argue crossed the floor and became a Liberal.<sup id="cite_ref-61_convention_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61_convention-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Coldwell was unenthusiastic about the movement to merge the CCF with the Canadian Labour Congress and create the "New Party", but he joined the <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic Party</a> at its founding in 1961, and remained an elder statesman in the NDP until his death in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-Coldwell_on_NDP_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coldwell_on_NDP-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._J._Coldwell&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1964, he became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Privy Council for Canada">Queen's Privy Council for Canada</a>, thereby allowing him to be referred to by the honorific "The Honourable" for the rest of his life.<sup id="cite_ref-Privy_Council_Website_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Privy_Council_Website-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in 1964, he was appointed to the House of Commons Advisory Committee on Election Finances chaired by Liberal cabinet minister <a href="/wiki/Judy_LaMarsh" title="Judy LaMarsh">Judy LaMarsh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Star_obit_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Star_obit-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1966, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Lester B. Pearson</a> appointed him to the Royal Commission on Security (the Mackenzie Commission), dealing with the RCMP and security issues that arose from the <a href="/wiki/Munsinger_Affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Munsinger Affair">Munsinger Affair</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Prime_Minister_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prime_Minister-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Douglas retired as the NDP's leader in April 1971, the party established the <a href="/wiki/Douglas%E2%80%93Coldwell_Foundation" title="Douglas–Coldwell Foundation">Douglas–Coldwell Foundation</a> in Ottawa as its parting gift to both men.<sup id="cite_ref-DCF_formed_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DCF_formed-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The foundation's mandate was to be an intellectual thinktank that formulated ideas and policies for the NDP.<sup id="cite_ref-DCF_formed_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DCF_formed-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 5, 1972, Coldwell was honoured by <a href="/wiki/St._Francis_Xavier_University" title="St. Francis Xavier University">St. Francis Xavier University</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Laws">Doctor of Laws</a> degree.<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart_p250_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart_p250-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 6, 1967, he was appointed a Companion of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada#Companion" title="Order of Canada">Order of Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gg_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gg-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was invested into the order on November 24, 1967, for "his contribution as a Parliamentarian."<sup id="cite_ref-gg_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gg-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is noteworthy that his Order of Canada medal was sold at auction in 1981, the first time the Order of Canada is known to have been sold.<sup id="cite_ref-Order_of_Canada_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Order_of_Canada-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His will did not specify in what manner to dispose of his various medals, so his son sold them to a private collector, who put them up for auction.<sup id="cite_ref-DCF_formed_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DCF_formed-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year, the Douglas-Coldwell Foundation purchased the medals back for about $10,000 so that they could be displayed in the Tommy Douglas House museum in Regina.<sup id="cite_ref-DCF_formed_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DCF_formed-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His health deteriorated in his final years, and he lived alone in his home in <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>, with the assistance of his housekeeper, Beatrice Bramwell.<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart_p231_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart_p231-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died at age 85 in the <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Civic_Hospital" title="Ottawa Civic Hospital">Ottawa Civic Hospital</a> after having suffered two heart attacks on August 25, 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart_p231_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart_p231-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had given orders not to perform "heroic measures" to keep him alive.<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart_p231_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart_p231-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He is portrayed in the 2006 <a href="/wiki/CBC_Television" title="CBC Television">CBC Television</a> special <i><a href="/wiki/Prairie_Giant:_The_Tommy_Douglas_Story" class="mw-redirect" title="Prairie Giant: The Tommy Douglas Story">Prairie Giant: The Tommy Douglas Story</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Aidan_Devine" title="Aidan Devine">Aidan Devine</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archives">Archives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._J._Coldwell&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Archives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is a M. J. Coldwell fonds at <a href="/wiki/Library_and_Archives_Canada" title="Library and Archives Canada">Library and Archives Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Archival reference number is R4291. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._J._Coldwell&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Major" was his first name, not a military title.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._J._Coldwell&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Estorick-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Estorick_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEstorick1945" class="citation book cs1">Estorick, Eric (1945). "Preface". <i>Left turn, Canada; with an introduction by Eric Estorick</i>. New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce. p. viii.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Preface&rft.btitle=Left+turn%2C+Canada%3B+with+an+introduction+by+Eric+Estorick&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=viii&rft.pub=Duell%2C+Sloan+and+Pearce&rft.date=1945&rft.aulast=Estorick&rft.aufirst=Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM.+J.+Coldwell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stewart 2000, p.21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dunsford-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dunsford_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dunsford_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stewart 2000, pp. 43–47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Timeline-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Timeline_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Timeline_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Timeline_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stewart 2000, pp. 239–240</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Young_21-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Young_21_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Young_21_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Young, p. 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M.J._NDP_Bio-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-M.J._NDP_Bio_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M.J._NDP_Bio_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M.J._NDP_Bio_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M.J._NDP_Bio_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080706174546/http://www.saskndp.com/about/history/founding_people/history_coldwell">"M.J. Coldwell, MP"</a>. <i>History, Founding People</i>. Regina, Saskatchewan: The Saskatchewan New Democratic Party. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saskndp.com/about/history/founding_people/history_coldwell">the original</a> on July 6, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-06-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History%2C+Founding+People&rft.atitle=M.J.+Coldwell%2C+MP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saskndp.com%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2Ffounding_people%2Fhistory_coldwell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM.+J.+Coldwell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-War-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-War_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-War_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">McNaught, pp. 305–307</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130825232132/http://www.parl.gc.ca/ParlInfo/Files/Party.aspx?Item=12edf43c-e2be-4849-be6c-87131590112e&Language=E&MenuID=Lists.Party.aspx&MenuQuery=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FParlInfo%2FLists%2FParty.aspx">"PARLINFO - Party File - Leadership Roles - Co-operative Commonwealth Federation"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parl.gc.ca/parlinfo/Files/Party.aspx?Item=12edf43c-e2be-4849-be6c-87131590112e&Language=E&MenuID=Lists.Party.aspx&MenuQuery=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2Fparlinfo%2FLists%2FParty.aspx">the original</a> on 2013-08-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PARLINFO+-+Party+File+-+Leadership+Roles+-+Co-operative+Commonwealth+Federation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2Fparlinfo%2FFiles%2FParty.aspx%3FItem%3D12edf43c-e2be-4849-be6c-87131590112e%26Language%3DE%26MenuID%3DLists.Party.aspx%26MenuQuery%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.parl.gc.ca%252Fparlinfo%252FLists%252FParty.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM.+J.+Coldwell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-On_the_Skids-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-On_the_Skids_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-On_the_Skids_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-On_the_Skids_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielson1956" class="citation news cs1">Nielson, Robert (1956-07-30). "Party "On the Skids" Lack of Glamour, Hostile Press, Faltering Faith Blamed for CCF Crisis". <i>The Toronto Star</i>. Toronto. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Party+%22On+the+Skids%22+Lack+of+Glamour%2C+Hostile+Press%2C+Faltering+Faith+Blamed+for+CCF+Crisis&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1956-07-30&rft.aulast=Nielson&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM.+J.+Coldwell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Star_obit-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Star_obit_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Star_obit_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanadian_Press1974" class="citation news cs1">Canadian Press (1974-08-26). "Former CCF leader M.J. Coldwell, 85, dies". <i>The Toronto Star</i>. Toronto. p. C29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Former+CCF+leader+M.J.+Coldwell%2C+85%2C+dies&rft.pages=C29&rft.date=1974-08-26&rft.au=Canadian+Press&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM.+J.+Coldwell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prime_Minister-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Prime_Minister_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prime_Minister_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prime_Minister_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prime_Minister_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prime_Minister_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlobe_staff1974" class="citation news cs1">Globe staff (1974-08-26). "CCF leader might have been PM but for his party loyalty". <i>The Globe and Mail</i>. Toronto. p. 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=CCF+leader+might+have+been+PM+but+for+his+party+loyalty&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1974-08-26&rft.au=Globe+staff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM.+J.+Coldwell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coldwell_sale-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Coldwell_sale_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coldwell_sale_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coldwell_sale_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCity_Staff1946" class="citation news cs1">City Staff (1946-10-12). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"I'm not for sale to any political party"–Coldwell". <i>The Toronto Daily Star</i>. Toronto. p. 13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Toronto+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=%22I%27m+not+for+sale+to+any+political+party%22%E2%80%93Coldwell&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1946-10-12&rft.au=City+Staff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM.+J.+Coldwell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-caplan191-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-caplan191_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-caplan191_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-caplan191_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-caplan191_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Caplan, p.191</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Caplan, pp.168–169</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Caplan, p.193</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McHenry-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McHenry_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McHenry_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> McHenry, pp.135–137</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Caplan, p.148</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-caplan157-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-caplan157_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Caplan, pp.157–158</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith 1989, p. 361</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winnipeg_Principles-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Winnipeg_Principles_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacDonald1956" class="citation news cs1">MacDonald, Robert (1956-08-02). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+of+Canada+Privy+Council+Office&rft.atitle=Historical+Alphabetical+List+since+1867+of+Members+of+the+Queen%27s+Privy+Council+for+Canada+A-E&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pco-bcp.gc.ca%2Findex.asp%3Flang%3Deng%26page%3Dinformation%26sub%3Dcouncil-conseil%26doc%3Dmembers-membres%2Fhist%2FA-E-eng.htm%23D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM.+J.+Coldwell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stewart 2000, pp. 225–226</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stewart 2000, pp. 226–228</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosen2000" class="citation web cs1">Rosen, Philip (2000-01-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parl.gc.ca/Content/LOP/ResearchPublications/8427-e.htm">"THE CANADIAN SECURITY INTELLIGENCE SERVICE"</a>. <i>Library of Parliament</i>. Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-06-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Parliament&rft.atitle=THE+CANADIAN+SECURITY+INTELLIGENCE+SERVICE&rft.date=2000-01-24&rft.aulast=Rosen&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FContent%2FLOP%2FResearchPublications%2F8427-e.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM.+J.+Coldwell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DCF_formed-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DCF_formed_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DCF_formed_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DCF_formed_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DCF_formed_33-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEisler1981" class="citation news cs1">Eisler, Don (1981-08-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=L45VAAAAIBAJ&sjid=zz8NAAAAIBAJ&dq=coldwell%20douglas%20foundation&pg=2505%2C707074">"Douglas-Coldwell Foundation has come a long way in 10-years"</a>. <i>The Leader-Post</i>. Regina. p. 4<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Leader-Post&rft.atitle=Douglas-Coldwell+Foundation+has+come+a+long+way+in+10-years&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1981-08-05&rft.aulast=Eisler&rft.aufirst=Don&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DL45VAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3Dzz8NAAAAIBAJ%26dq%3Dcoldwell%2520douglas%2520foundation%26pg%3D2505%252C707074&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM.+J.+Coldwell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stewart_p250-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stewart_p250_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stewart 2000, p. 250</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gg-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gg_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gg_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Office of the Governor General of Canada</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.gg.ca/honours/search-recherche/honours-desc.asp?lang=e&TypeID=orc&id=1895">Order of Canada citation</a>. Queen's Printer for Canada. Retrieved 26 May 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Order_of_Canada-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Order_of_Canada_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCreery2005" class="citation book cs1">McCreery, Christopher (2005). <i>The Order of Canada: Its Origins, History, and Development</i>. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 197. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8020-3940-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8020-3940-5"><bdi>0-8020-3940-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Order+of+Canada%3A+Its+Origins%2C+History%2C+and+Development&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=197&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-8020-3940-5&rft.aulast=McCreery&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM.+J.+Coldwell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stewart_p231-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart_p231_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart_p231_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart_p231_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stewart 2000, p. 231</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data2.archives.ca/pdf/pdf001/p000001537.pdf">"Finding aid to M. J. Coldwell fonds, Library and Archives Canada"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Finding+aid+to+M.+J.+Coldwell+fonds%2C+Library+and+Archives+Canada.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata2.archives.ca%2Fpdf%2Fpdf001%2Fp000001537.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM.+J.+Coldwell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._J._Coldwell&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyko2006" class="citation book cs1">Boyko, John (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/intohurricaneatt0000boyk"><i>Into the Hurricane: Attacking Socialism and the CCF</i></a></span>. Winnipeg: J. Gordon Shillingford Publishing Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-897289-09-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-897289-09-X"><bdi>1-897289-09-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Into+the+Hurricane%3A+Attacking+Socialism+and+the+CCF&rft.place=Winnipeg&rft.pub=J.+Gordon+Shillingford+Publishing+Inc&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-897289-09-X&rft.aulast=Boyko&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintohurricaneatt0000boyk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM.+J.+Coldwell" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaplan1973" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Caplan" title="Gerald Caplan">Caplan, Gerald</a> (1973). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dilemmaofcanadia0000capl"><i>The Dilemma of Canadian Socialism: The CCF in Ontario</i></a></span>. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7710-1896-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7710-1896-7"><bdi>0-7710-1896-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dilemma+of+Canadian+Socialism%3A+The+CCF+in+Ontario&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=McClelland+and+Stewart&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-7710-1896-7&rft.aulast=Caplan&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdilemmaofcanadia0000capl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM.+J.+Coldwell" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorowitz1968" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gad_Horowitz" title="Gad Horowitz">Horowitz, Gad</a> (1968). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/canadianlabourin0000horo"><i>Canadian Labour in Politics</i></a></span>. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8020-1902-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8020-1902-1"><bdi>0-8020-1902-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canadian+Labour+in+Politics&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=0-8020-1902-1&rft.aulast=Horowitz&rft.aufirst=Gad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcanadianlabourin0000horo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM.+J.+Coldwell" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcHenry1950" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dean_McHenry" title="Dean McHenry">McHenry, Dean Eugene</a> (1950). <i>The Third Force in Canada; the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation 1932–1948</i>. Berkeley: University of California Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Third+Force+in+Canada%3B+the+Co-operative+Commonwealth+Federation+1932%E2%80%931948&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1950&rft.aulast=McHenry&rft.aufirst=Dean+Eugene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM.+J.+Coldwell" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLeodIan_McLeod2004" class="citation book cs1">McLeod, Thomas; Ian McLeod (2004). <i>The Road to Jerusalem</i> (2 ed.). Calgary: Fifth House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-894856-48-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-894856-48-1"><bdi>1-894856-48-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+to+Jerusalem&rft.place=Calgary&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Fifth+House&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-894856-48-1&rft.aulast=McLeod&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Ian+McLeod&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM.+J.+Coldwell" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNaught2001" class="citation book cs1">McNaught, Kenneth (2001) [1959]. <i>A Prophet in Politics: A Biography of J.S. Woodsworth</i> (2 ed.). Toronto: University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8020-8427-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8020-8427-3"><bdi>0-8020-8427-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Prophet+in+Politics%3A+A+Biography+of+J.S.+Woodsworth&rft.place=Toronto&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-8020-8427-3&rft.aulast=McNaught&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM.+J.+Coldwell" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShackleton1975" class="citation book cs1">Shackleton, Doris French (1975). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tommydouglas0000shac"><i>Tommy Douglas</i></a></span>. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7710-8116-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7710-8116-2"><bdi>0-7710-8116-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tommy+Douglas&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=McClelland+%26+Stewart&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-7710-8116-2&rft.aulast=Shackleton&rft.aufirst=Doris+French&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftommydouglas0000shac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM.+J.+Coldwell" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1989" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Cameron (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/unfinishedjourne00smit"><i>Unfinished Journey: The Lewis Family</i></a>. Toronto: Summerhill Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-929091-04-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-929091-04-3"><bdi>0-929091-04-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unfinished+Journey%3A+The+Lewis+Family&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=Summerhill+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-929091-04-3&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Cameron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funfinishedjourne00smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM.+J.+Coldwell" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1992" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Cameron (1992). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lovesolidaritypi0000smit"><i>Love & Solidarity</i></a></span>. Toronto: <a href="/wiki/McClelland_%26_Stewart" title="McClelland & Stewart">McClelland & Stewart</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7710-8209-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7710-8209-6"><bdi>0-7710-8209-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Love+%26+Solidarity&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=McClelland+%26+Stewart&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-7710-8209-6&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Cameron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flovesolidaritypi0000smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM.+J.+Coldwell" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Stewart_(journalist)" title="Walter Stewart (journalist)">Stewart, Walter</a> (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mjlifetimesofmjc0000stew"><i>M.J.: The Life and Times of M.J. Coldwell</i></a></span>. Toronto: Stoddart Publishing Co. Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7737-3232-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7737-3232-2"><bdi>0-7737-3232-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=M.J.%3A+The+Life+and+Times+of+M.J.+Coldwell&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=Stoddart+Publishing+Co.+Ltd.&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7737-3232-2&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmjlifetimesofmjc0000stew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM.+J.+Coldwell" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2003" class="citation book cs1">Stewart, Walter (2003). <i>Tommy: the life and politics of Tommy Douglas</i>. Toronto: McArthur & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55278-382-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-55278-382-0"><bdi>1-55278-382-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tommy%3A+the+life+and+politics+of+Tommy+Douglas&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=McArthur+%26+Company&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-55278-382-0&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM.+J.+Coldwell" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung1969" class="citation book cs1">Young, Walter D. (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/anatomyofpartyna0000youn"><i>The anatomy of a party: the national CCF 1932–61</i></a>. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8020-5221-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8020-5221-5"><bdi>0-8020-5221-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+anatomy+of+a+party%3A+the+national+CCF+1932%E2%80%9361&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=0-8020-5221-5&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Walter+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fanatomyofpartyna0000youn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM.+J.+Coldwell" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._J._Coldwell&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDexter1943" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Grant_Dexter" title="Grant Dexter">Dexter, Grant</a> (1943). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1943/9/1/coldwell-the-man">"Coldwell the Man"</a>. <i>Maclean's</i>. Vol. 56, no. 17. Toronto. pp. 12–13, 51–53<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Maclean%27s&rft.atitle=Coldwell+the+Man&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=12-13%2C+51-53&rft.date=1943&rft.aulast=Dexter&rft.aufirst=Grant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.macleans.ca%2Farticle%2F1943%2F9%2F1%2Fcoldwell-the-man&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM.+J.+Coldwell" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._J._Coldwell&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040104042010/http://www.saskndp.com/history/coldwell.html">M.J. Coldwell biography (circa. 1953)</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/People/Profile?personId=1836">M. J. Coldwell – Parliament of Canada biography</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament of Canada</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New constituency</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">Member of Parliament</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/Rosetown%E2%80%94Biggar_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Rosetown—Biggar (federal electoral district)">Rosetown—Biggar</a> </b><br />1935–1958 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Owen_Cooper" title="Clarence Owen Cooper">Clarence Owen Cooper</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><b>New political party</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Leader of the <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Saskatchewan Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Saskatchewan<br />Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</a> </b><br />1932–1936 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Hara_Williams" title="George Hara Williams">George Hara Williams</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> National Secretary of the<br /><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</a> </b><br />1934–1936 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/David_Lewis_(Canadian_politician)" title="David Lewis (Canadian politician)">David Lewis</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/J._S._Woodsworth" title="J. S. Woodsworth">J. S. Woodsworth</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> National Chairman of the<br /><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</a> </b><br />1938–1942 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/F._R._Scott" title="F. R. Scott">F. R. Scott</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Leader of the<br /><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</a> </b><br />1942–1960 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hazen_Argue" title="Hazen Argue">Hazen Argue</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_Democratic_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Democratic_Party" title="Template:New Democratic Party"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Democratic_Party" title="Template talk:New Democratic Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Democratic_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Democratic Party"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_Democratic_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Party wings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provincial / Territorial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberta_New_Democratic_Party" title="Alberta New Democratic Party">Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_New_Democratic_Party" title="British Columbia New Democratic Party">British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_Manitoba" title="New Democratic Party of Manitoba">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick_New_Democratic_Party" title="New Brunswick New Democratic Party">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador_New_Democratic_Party" title="Newfoundland and Labrador New Democratic Party">Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_New_Democratic_Party" title="Nova Scotia New Democratic Party">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario_New_Democratic_Party" title="Ontario New Democratic Party">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="New Democratic Party of Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_New_Democratic_Party" title="Saskatchewan New Democratic Party">Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukon_New_Democratic_Party" title="Yukon New Democratic Party">Yukon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation_(Manitoba_Section)" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (Manitoba Section)">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation_(Ontario_Section)" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (Ontario Section)">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_social_d%C3%A9mocratique_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Parti social démocratique du Québec">Quebec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_de_la_d%C3%A9mocratie_socialiste" title="Parti de la démocratie socialiste">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_New_Democratic_Party" title="Metro New Democratic Party">Toronto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maple_leaf_--_NDP.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Maple_leaf_--_NDP.svg/50px-Maple_leaf_--_NDP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Maple_leaf_--_NDP.svg/75px-Maple_leaf_--_NDP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Maple_leaf_--_NDP.svg/100px-Maple_leaf_--_NDP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="325" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._S._Woodsworth" title="J. S. Woodsworth">Woodsworth</a> (CCF)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Coldwell</a> (CCF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazen_Argue" title="Hazen Argue">Argue</a> (CCF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Douglas" title="Tommy Douglas">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lewis_(Canadian_politician)" title="David Lewis (Canadian politician)">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Broadbent" title="Ed Broadbent">Broadbent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audrey_McLaughlin" title="Audrey McLaughlin">McLaughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexa_McDonough" title="Alexa McDonough">McDonough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Layton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Mulcair" title="Tom Mulcair">Mulcair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagmeet_Singh" title="Jagmeet Singh">Singh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_leadership_elections" title="New Democratic Party leadership elections">Leadership elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1961_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="1961 New Democratic Party leadership election">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="1971 New Democratic Party leadership election">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="1975 New Democratic Party leadership election">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="1989 New Democratic Party leadership election">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="1995 New Democratic Party leadership election">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="2003 New Democratic Party leadership election">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="2012 New Democratic Party leadership election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="2017 New Democratic Party leadership election">2017</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parliamentary election<br />candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_1988_Canadian_federal_election" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 1988 Canadian federal election">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 1993 Canadian federal election">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_1997_Canadian_federal_election" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 1997 Canadian federal election">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_2000_Canadian_federal_election" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 2000 Canadian federal election">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_candidates,_2004_Canadian_federal_election" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party candidates, 2004 Canadian federal election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_2006_Canadian_federal_election" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 2006 Canadian federal election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 2008 Canadian federal election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 2011 Canadian federal election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 2015 Canadian federal election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 2019 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_2021_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 2021 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">2021</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shadow cabinets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_of_the_39th_Parliament_of_Canada" title="New Democratic Party Shadow Cabinet of the 39th Parliament of Canada">Layton I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_of_the_40th_Parliament_of_Canada" title="New Democratic Party Shadow Cabinet of the 40th Parliament of Canada">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_Shadow_Cabinet_of_the_41st_Parliament_of_Canada" title="Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet of the 41st Parliament of Canada">Layton/Turmel/Mulcair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_of_the_42nd_Parliament_of_Canada" title="New Democratic Party Shadow Cabinet of the 42nd Parliament of Canada">Mulcair/Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_of_the_43rd_Parliament_of_Canada" title="New Democratic Party Shadow Cabinet of the 43rd Parliament of Canada">Singh II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_of_the_44th_Parliament_of_Canada" title="New Democratic Party Shadow Cabinet of the 44th Parliament of Canada">III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_CCF/NDP_members" title="List of CCF/NDP members">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_New_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the New Democratic Party">Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Democratic_Party_members_of_parliament" title="List of New Democratic Party members of parliament">Members of Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NDP_members_of_provincial_and_territorial_assemblies" title="List of NDP members of provincial and territorial assemblies">Members of provincial/territorial assemblies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_articles_about_Alberta_CCF/NDP_members" class="mw-redirect" title="List of articles about Alberta CCF/NDP members">Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_Columbia_CCF/NDP_members" title="List of British Columbia CCF/NDP members">British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_articles_about_Saskatchewan_CCF/NDP_members" class="mw-redirect" title="List of articles about Saskatchewan CCF/NDP members">Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_articles_about_Manitoba_CCF/NDP_members" class="mw-redirect" title="List of articles about Manitoba CCF/NDP members">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_articles_about_Ontario_CCF/NDP_members" class="mw-redirect" title="List of articles about Ontario CCF/NDP members">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_articles_about_Nova_Scotia_CCF/NDP_members" class="mw-redirect" title="List of articles about Nova Scotia CCF/NDP members">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_articles_about_Yukon_NDP_members" class="mw-redirect" title="List of articles about Yukon NDP members">Yukon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Factions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Waffle" title="The Waffle">The Waffle</a> (1969–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Caucus" title="Left Caucus">Left Caucus</a> (1979–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_Socialist_Caucus" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party Socialist Caucus">Socialist Caucus</a> (1998–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Politics_Initiative" title="New Politics Initiative">New Politics Initiative</a> (2001–2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key documents and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Creation of <a href="/wiki/Ginger_Group" title="Ginger Group">Ginger Group</a> (1924)</li> <li>Founding of <a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regina_Manifesto" title="Regina Manifesto">Regina Manifesto</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Declaration" title="Winnipeg Declaration">Winnipeg Declaration</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statement_of_Principles_(NDP)" title="Statement of Principles (NDP)">Statement of Principles</a> (1983)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Labour_Congress" title="Canadian Labour Congress">Canadian Labour Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_New_Democratic_Party" title="History of the New Democratic Party">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Party of Canada">Progressive Party/United Farmers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_candidates_and_parties_in_Canada" title="Labour candidates and parties in Canada">Labour candidates and parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_Group" title="Ginger Group">Ginger Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Party_(Canada)" title="New Party (Canada)">New Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%27s_Young_New_Democrats" title="Canada's Young New Democrats">Canada's Young New Democrats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Youth_of_Alberta" title="New Democratic Youth of Alberta">Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario_New_Democratic_Youth" title="Ontario New Democratic Youth">Ontario</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leap_Manifesto" title="Leap Manifesto">Leap Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_Quebec" title="New Democratic Party of Quebec">New Democratic Party of Quebec</a> (not affiliated)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_Saskatchewan_New_Democratic_Party_and_its_antecedents" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#F4A460;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Saskatchewan_NDP_Leaders" title="Template:Saskatchewan NDP Leaders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Saskatchewan_NDP_Leaders" title="Template talk:Saskatchewan NDP Leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Saskatchewan_NDP_Leaders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Saskatchewan NDP Leaders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_Saskatchewan_New_Democratic_Party_and_its_antecedents" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_New_Democratic_Party" title="Saskatchewan New Democratic Party">Saskatchewan New Democratic Party</a> and its antecedents</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#F4A460;;width:1%">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (1932–67)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Coldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hara_Williams" title="George Hara Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hewgill_Brockelbank" title="John Hewgill Brockelbank">Brockelbank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Douglas" title="Tommy Douglas">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Lloyd" title="Woodrow Lloyd">Lloyd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#F4A460;;width:1%">Saskatchewan New Democratic Party (1967–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Blakeney" title="Allan Blakeney">Blakeney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Romanow" title="Roy Romanow">Romanow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorne_Calvert" title="Lorne Calvert">Calvert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwain_Lingenfelter" title="Dwain Lingenfelter">Lingenfelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nilson" title="John Nilson">Nilson</a> <i>(interim)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cam_Broten" title="Cam Broten">Broten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trent_Wotherspoon" title="Trent Wotherspoon">Wotherspoon</a> <i>(interim)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Sarauer" title="Nicole Sarauer">Sarauer</a> <i>(interim)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Meili" title="Ryan Meili">Meili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carla_Beck" title="Carla Beck">Beck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#F4A460;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_New_Democratic_Party/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation_leadership_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="Saskatchewan New Democratic Party/Co-operative Commonwealth Federation leadership elections">Leadership elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1942_Saskatchewan_Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1942 Saskatchewan Co-operative Commonwealth Federation leadership election">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_Saskatchewan_Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1943 Saskatchewan Co-operative Commonwealth Federation leadership election">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Saskatchewan_Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1961 Saskatchewan Co-operative Commonwealth Federation leadership election">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Saskatchewan_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1970 Saskatchewan New Democratic Party leadership election">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Saskatchewan_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 Saskatchewan New Democratic Party leadership election">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Saskatchewan_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 Saskatchewan New Democratic Party leadership election">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Saskatchewan_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="2013 Saskatchewan New Democratic Party leadership election">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Saskatchewan_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="2018 Saskatchewan New Democratic Party leadership election">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Saskatchewan_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="2022 Saskatchewan New Democratic Party leadership election">2022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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