Center for Naval Analyses

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Naval research and analysis since 1942."> <meta property="twitter:image" content="https://www.cna.org"> <title>Center for Naval Analyses | CNA</title> <base href="https://www.cna.org:443/" />  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/stylesheets/cna-bulma.css?v=433"> <link rel="icon" href="/favicon.ico">   <script defer src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-HSCTXEFLKV"></script> <script defer src="https://www.cna.org/javascript/bundled.min.js"></script>  <meta name="google-site-verification" content="HVTzEcHdDTdRL-PaKSKJro-fx6mXsH8KqyHcFhU0SLQ" /> </head> <body class="basicpage centers-page"> <header> <div id="skip-to-content"> <a href="https://www.cna.org/centers-and-divisions/cna#main-content">skip to main content</a> </div>   <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="display: none;"> <symbol id="article" viewBox="0 0 50 50"><title>Article</title><path d="M3,21.7c0-5.5,0-10.9,0-16.4C3,4.7,3,4,3.2,3.4c0.5-1.8,2.1-3,4.1-3c5,0,10.1,0,15.1,0c4.8,0,9.6,0,14.4,0 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