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id="toc-Hebrew_Netzer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hebrew_Netzer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Hebrew <span><i>Netzer</i></span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hebrew_Netzer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greek_Nazara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greek_Nazara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Greek <span><i>Nazara</i></span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greek_Nazara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arabic_an-Nāṣira" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arabic_an-Nāṣira"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Arabic <span><i>an-Nāṣira</i></span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arabic_an-Nāṣira-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Testament_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Testament_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>New Testament references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Testament_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extrabiblical_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extrabiblical_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Extrabiblical references</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Extrabiblical_references-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Extrabiblical references subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Extrabiblical_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nazarenes,_Nasranis,_Notzrim,_Christians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nazarenes,_Nasranis,_Notzrim,_Christians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Nazarenes, Nasranis, <i>Notzrim</i>, Christians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nazarenes,_Nasranis,_Notzrim,_Christians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stone_Age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stone_Age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Stone Age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stone_Age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronze_and_Iron_Age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronze_and_Iron_Age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Bronze and Iron Age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronze_and_Iron_Age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Roman period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Byzantine_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Byzantine period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Muslim_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Muslim_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Early Muslim period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Muslim_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crusader_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crusader_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Crusader period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crusader_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mamluk_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mamluk_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Mamluk period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mamluk_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottoman_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Ottoman period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_Mandate_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Mandate_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>British Mandate period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Mandate_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israeli_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israeli_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Israeli period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israeli_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1948_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1948_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10.1</span> <span>1948 War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1948_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1950s–1960s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1950s–1960s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10.2</span> <span>1950s–1960s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1950s–1960s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1980s–2010s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1980s–2010s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10.3</span> <span>1980s–2010s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1980s–2010s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10.4</span> <span>2020s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demographic_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographic_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Demographic history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographic_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Religious sites</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Religious_sites-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Religious sites subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Religious_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Christian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Christian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muslim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muslim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Muslim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muslim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archaeology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaeology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Archaeology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Archaeology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Archaeology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Archaeology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-"Venerated_area"_near_the_Basilica_of_the_Annunciation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Venerated_area"_near_the_Basilica_of_the_Annunciation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>"Venerated area" near the Basilica of the Annunciation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Venerated_area"_near_the_Basilica_of_the_Annunciation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Roman_house" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Roman_house"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Early Roman house</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Roman_house-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kokh_tombs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kokh_tombs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Kokh tombs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kokh_tombs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_bathhouse_at_Mary's_Well" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_bathhouse_at_Mary's_Well"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Ancient bathhouse at Mary's Well</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_bathhouse_at_Mary's_Well-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hospitals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hospitals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Hospitals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hospitals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Twin towns – sister cities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other_cooperation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_cooperation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Other cooperation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_cooperation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.3</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nazareth</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 114 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-114" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">114 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasaret" title="Nasaret – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nasaret" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Nazareth" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%93%E1%8B%9D%E1%88%AC%E1%89%B5%E1%8D%A3_%E1%8A%A5%E1%88%B5%E1%88%AB%E1%8A%A4%E1%88%8D" title="ናዝሬት፣ እስራኤል – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ናዝሬት፣ እስራኤል" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasaret" title="Nasaret – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Nasaret" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasar%C4%93%C3%BE" title="Nasarēþ – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Nasarēþ" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="الناصرة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الناصرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazaret" title="Nazaret – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A2%DC%A8%DC%AA%DC%AC" title="ܢܨܪܬ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܢܨܪܬ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%A9" title="Նազարէթ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Նազարէթ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazar%C3%A9" title="Nazaré – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nazaré" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasare" title="Nasare – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Nasare" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazaret" title="Nazaret – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%87" title="ناصره – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ناصره" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8E" title="নাসরৎ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নাসরৎ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Назарэт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Назарэт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Назарэт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Назарэт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Назарет – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Назарет" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazaret" title="Nazaret – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazaret" title="Nazaret – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natzaret" title="Natzaret – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Natzaret" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazaret" title="Nazaret – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazaret" title="Nazaret – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Nazareth" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasareth_(Galilea)" title="Nasareth (Galilea) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Nasareth (Galilea)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nazareth" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nazareth" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazaret" title="Nazaret – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naatsaret" title="Naatsaret – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Naatsaret" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AD%CF%84" title="Ναζαρέτ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ναζαρέτ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazaret" title="Nazaret – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazareto" title="Nazareto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nazareto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazaret" title="Nazaret – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%87" title="ناصره – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ناصره" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nazareth" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazaret_(Israel)" title="Nazaret (Israel) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Nazaret (Israel)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazarat" title="Nazarat – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Nazarat" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasair" title="Nasair – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Nasair" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazaret" title="Nazaret – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Назарет – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Назарет" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A2-sat-le%CC%8Dt" title="Nâ-sat-le̍t – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Nâ-sat-le̍t" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%EC%82%AC%EB%A0%9B" title="나사렛 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="나사렛" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A9" title="Նազարեթ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նազարեթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A5" title="नाज़रथ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नाज़रथ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazaret" title="Nazaret – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazaret" title="Nazaret – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazaret" title="Nazaret – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazaret" title="Nazaret – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Назарет – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Назарет" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasaret" title="Nasaret – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Nasaret" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nazareth" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%AA" title="נצרת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נצרת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ნაზარეთი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნაზარეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazaret" title="Nazaret – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazareti" title="Nazareti – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nazareti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazaret" title="Nazaret – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nazareth" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%81carete" title="Nācarete – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nācarete" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Nazareth" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazaretas" title="Nazaretas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nazaretas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Nazareth" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazaleti" title="Nazaleti – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Nazaleti" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazaret" title="Nazaret – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Nazareth" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1z%C3%A1ret" title="Názáret – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Názáret" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Назарет – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Назарет" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazareta" title="Nazareta – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Nazareta" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="നസ്രെത്ത് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നസ്രെത്ത്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A5" title="नाझारेथ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नाझारेथ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ნაზარეთი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნაზარეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%87" title="الناصره – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الناصره" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasirah" title="Nasirah – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nasirah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%81-s%C3%A1k-l%C4%95k" title="Nā-sák-lĕk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nā-sák-lĕk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Назарет – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Назарет" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%87%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="နာဇရက်မြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နာဇရက်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazareth_(Isra%C3%ABl)" title="Nazareth (Israël) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nazareth (Israël)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%82%B6%E3%83%AC" title="ナザレ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナザレ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Nazareth" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasaret" title="Nasaret – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nasaret" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasaret" title="Nasaret – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nasaret" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazaret_(Palestina)" title="Nazaret (Palestina) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nazaret (Palestina)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1%DB%81" title="ناصرہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ناصرہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Nazareth" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazaret" title="Nazaret – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazar%C3%A9" title="Nazaré – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nazaré" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazaret" title="Nazaret – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natsarit" title="Natsarit – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Natsarit" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Назарет – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Назарет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Nazareth" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazareti" title="Nazareti – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Nazareti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nazareth" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazaret" title="Nazaret – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazaret" title="Nazaret – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%EA%99%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%94%D1%B3%D1%8A" title="Наꙁарєѳъ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Наꙁарєѳъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazaret" title="Nazaret – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%95" title="ناسرە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ناسرە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Назарет – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Назарет" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazaret" title="Nazaret – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasaret" title="Nasaret – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nasaret" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasaret" title="Nasaret – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nasaret" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazaret" title="Nazaret – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="நாசரேத்து – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நாசரேத்து" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%98" title="นาซาเรธ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นาซาเรธ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nas%C4%B1ra" title="Nasıra – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nasıra" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Назарет – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Назарет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1%DB%81" title="ناصرہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ناصرہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%90" title="نازارې – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="نازارې" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nazareth" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazaret" title="Nazaret – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E6%92%92%E5%8B%92" title="拿撒勒 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="拿撒勒" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%AA" title="נצרת – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="נצרת" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E6%92%92%E5%8B%92" title="拿撒勒 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="拿撒勒" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazareth_(Isra%C3%ABl)" title="Nazareth (Israël) – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Nazareth (Israël)" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E6%92%92%E5%8B%92" title="拿撒勒 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拿撒勒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasaret" title="Nasaret – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Nasaret" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q430776#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nazareth" title="View the content page [c]" 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class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nazareth&params=32_42_07_N_35_18_12_E_type:city_region:IL"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°42′07″N</span> <span class="longitude">35°18′12″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.70194°N 35.30333°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.70194; 35.30333</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#extended" title="This article is extended-confirmed-protected"><img alt="Extended-protected article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Largest city in the Northern District of Israel</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Nazareth_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Nazareth (disambiguation)">Nazareth (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Nazaret" redirects here. For the name, see <a href="/wiki/Nazaret_(name)" title="Nazaret (name)">Nazaret (name)</a>.</div> <p class="PIA-flag" style="display:none; visibility:hidden;">This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict.</p> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Place in Israel</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Nazareth</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">النَّاصِرَة</span>‎</span></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">an-Nāṣira</i></span><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">נָצְרַת</span>‎</span></span>, <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Nāṣraṯ</i></span></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nazareth_Panorama_Dafna_Tal_IMOT_(14532097313).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View of Nazareth, with the Basilica of the Annunciation at the center"><img alt="View of Nazareth, with the Basilica of the Annunciation at the center" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nazareth_Panorama_Dafna_Tal_IMOT_%2814532097313%29.jpg/250px-Nazareth_Panorama_Dafna_Tal_IMOT_%2814532097313%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nazareth_Panorama_Dafna_Tal_IMOT_%2814532097313%29.jpg/375px-Nazareth_Panorama_Dafna_Tal_IMOT_%2814532097313%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nazareth_Panorama_Dafna_Tal_IMOT_%2814532097313%29.jpg/500px-Nazareth_Panorama_Dafna_Tal_IMOT_%2814532097313%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">View of Nazareth, with the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_Annunciation" title="Basilica of the Annunciation">Basilica of the Annunciation</a> at the center</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nazareth_emblem.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Nazareth"><img alt="Official seal of Nazareth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e4/Nazareth_emblem.png/100px-Nazareth_emblem.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e4/Nazareth_emblem.png 1.5x" data-file-width="113" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Israel_outline_north_haifa.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Nazareth is located in Northern Haifa region of Israel"><img alt="Nazareth is located in Northern Haifa region of Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Israel_outline_north_haifa.png/250px-Israel_outline_north_haifa.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Israel_outline_north_haifa.png/375px-Israel_outline_north_haifa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Israel_outline_north_haifa.png/500px-Israel_outline_north_haifa.png 2x" data-file-width="1347" data-file-height="881" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:64.016%;left:67.572%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Nazareth"><img alt="Nazareth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Nazareth</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Nazareth in Northern Israel</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Northern Haifa region of Israel</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nazareth is located in Israel"><img alt="Nazareth is located in Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg/250px-Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="465" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg/375px-Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg/500px-Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="1141" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:19.001%;left:61.667%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Nazareth"><img alt="Nazareth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Nazareth</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Nazareth in Israel</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Israel</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nazareth&params=32_42_07_N_35_18_12_E_type:city_region:IL"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°42′07″N</span> <span class="longitude">35°18′12″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.70194°N 35.30333°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.70194; 35.30333</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Israel</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Israel" title="Districts of Israel">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Northern District (Israel)">Northern</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>2200 BC (Early settlement)</li><li>AD 300 (Major city)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Municipality</th><td class="infobox-data">Est. 1885</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">Mayor–council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Municipality of Nazareth</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Ali Sallam</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">14.123 km<sup>2</sup> (5.453 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">347 m (1,138 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022)<sup id="cite_ref-Israelpopulations_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Israelpopulations-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">78,007</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Nazarene</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Ethnicity<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-Israelpopulations_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Israelpopulations-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Arab_citizens_of_Israel" title="Arab citizens of Israel">Arabs</a></th><td class="infobox-data">99.8%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Jews" title="Israeli Jews">Jews and others</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.2%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Israel_Standard_Time" title="Israel Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Israel_Summer_Time" title="Israel Summer Time">IDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Israel" title="Telephone numbers in Israel">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+972 (Israel)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nazareth.muni.il/">www<wbr />.nazareth<wbr />.muni<wbr />.il</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q430776#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output 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nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Arab_citizens_of_Israel" title="Arab citizens of Israel">Arab citizens of Israel</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #80FF80;"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Arab_members_of_the_Knesset" title="List of Arab members of the Knesset">Politics</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li>Parties: <a href="/wiki/Balad_(political_party)" title="Balad (political party)">Balad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hadash" title="Hadash">Hadash</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_List" title="United Arab List">UAL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ta%27al" title="Ta'al">Ta'al</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_List" title="Joint List">Joint List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abnaa_el-Balad" title="Abnaa el-Balad">Abnaa el-Balad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Present_absentee" title="Present absentee">Present absentees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Day" title="Land Day">Land Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2000_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="October 2000 riots">October 2000 riots</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #80FF80;"> <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Israel" title="Religion in Israel">Religion</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_Annunciation" title="Basilica of the Annunciation">Basilica of the Annunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Al-Aqsa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qibli_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Qibli Mosque">Qibli Mosque</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary%27s_Well" title="Mary's Well">Mary's Well</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_George_and_Mosque_of_Al-Khadr,_Lod" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of Saint George and Mosque of Al-Khadr, Lod">St. George's Church and Mosque of Al-Khadr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabi_Shu%27ayb" title="Nabi Shu'ayb">Nabi Shu'ayb</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #80FF80;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab-Israeli_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab-Israeli culture (page does not exist)">Culture</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Palestine" title="Music of Palestine">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabke" title="Dabke">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_cuisine" title="Palestinian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Arabic" title="Palestinian Arabic">Palestinian Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negev_Bedouin" title="Negev Bedouin">Negev Bedouins</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #80FF80;"> <a href="/wiki/Arab_localities_in_Israel" title="Arab localities in Israel">Major population centers</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Fahm" title="Umm al-Fahm">Umm al-Fahm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahat" title="Rahat">Rahat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayibe" title="Tayibe">Tayibe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shefa-Amr" title="Shefa-Amr">Shefa-Amr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baqa_al-Gharbiyye" title="Baqa al-Gharbiyye">Baqa al-Gharbiyye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamra" title="Tamra">Tamra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhnin" title="Sakhnin">Sakhnin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daliyat_al-Karmel" title="Daliyat al-Karmel">Daliyat al-Karmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tira,_Israel" title="Tira, Israel">Tira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arraba,_Israel" title="Arraba, Israel">Arraba</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #80FF80;"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Arab_citizens_of_Israel" title="Category:Arab citizens of Israel">Personalities</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiam_Abbass" title="Hiam Abbass">Hiam Abbass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hany_Abu-Assad" title="Hany Abu-Assad">Hany Abu-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Bakri" title="Mohammad Bakri">Mohammad Bakri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azmi_Bishara" title="Azmi Bishara">Azmi Bishara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emile_Habibi" title="Emile Habibi">Emile Habibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samih_al-Qasim" title="Samih al-Qasim">Samih al-Qasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_Suan" title="Abbas Suan">Abbas Suan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elia_Suleiman" title="Elia Suleiman">Elia Suleiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_Tarif" title="Amin Tarif">Amin Tarif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisham_Zreiq" title="Hisham Zreiq">Hisham Zreiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Suliman" title="Ali Suliman">Ali Suliman</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #80FF80;"> See also</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Template:Palestinians" title="Template:Palestinians">Template:Palestinians</a></i></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab citizens of Israel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nazareth</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the largest <a href="/wiki/Cities_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Cities in Israel">city</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Northern District (Israel)">Northern District</a> of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>. In 2022 its population was 78,007.<sup id="cite_ref-Israelpopulations_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Israelpopulations-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Known as "the Arab capital of Israel",<sup id="cite_ref-Irani_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Irani-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nazareth serves as a cultural, political, religious, economic and commercial center for the <a href="/wiki/Arab_citizens_of_Israel" title="Arab citizens of Israel">Arab citizens of Israel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The inhabitants are predominantly <a href="/wiki/Arab_citizens_of_Israel" title="Arab citizens of Israel">Arab citizens of Israel</a>, of whom 69% are <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> and 31% <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Irani_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Irani-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dumperp274_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dumperp274-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city also commands immense religious significance, deriving from its status as the hometown of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>, the central figure of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> and a prophet in <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bahai" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahai">Baha'i'sm</a>. </p><p>Findings unearthed in the neighboring <a href="/wiki/Qafzeh_Cave" title="Qafzeh Cave">Qafzeh Cave</a> show that the area around Nazareth was populated in the prehistoric period. Nazareth was a <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> village during the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> periods and is described in the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> as the childhood home of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jeffrey_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeffrey-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It became an important city during the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a> after <a href="/wiki/Tancred,_Prince_of_Galilee" title="Tancred, Prince of Galilee">Tancred</a> established it as the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Galilee" title="Principality of Galilee">Principality of Galilee</a>. The city declined under <a href="/wiki/Mamluk" title="Mamluk">Mamluk</a> rule, and following the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> conquest, the city's Christian residents were expelled, only to return once <a href="/wiki/Fakhr_al-Din_II" title="Fakhr al-Din II">Fakhr ad-Dīn II</a> granted them permission to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 18th century, <a href="/wiki/Zahir_al-Umar" title="Zahir al-Umar">Zahir al-Umar</a> transformed Nazareth into a large town by encouraging immigration to it. The city grew steadily during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when European powers invested in the construction of churches, monasteries, educational and health facilities. </p><p>Since late antiquity, Nazareth has been a center of <a href="/wiki/Christian_pilgrimage" title="Christian pilgrimage">Christian pilgrimage</a>, with many shrines commemorating biblical events. The <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_Annunciation" title="Basilica of the Annunciation">Church of the Annunciation</a> is considered one of the largest Christian sites of worship in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>. It contains the Grotto of the Annunciation, where, according to <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> tradition, angel <a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a> appeared to Mary and announced that she would conceive and bear <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>. According to <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church" title="Greek Orthodox Church">Greek Orthodox</a> belief, the same event took place at the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_the_Annunciation" title="Greek Orthodox Church of the Annunciation">Greek Orthodox Church of the Annunciation</a>, also known as Church of Saint Gabriel. Other important churches in Nazareth include the <a href="/wiki/Synagogue_Church_(Nazareth)" title="Synagogue Church (Nazareth)">Synagogue Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_Church,_Nazareth" title="St. Joseph's Church, Nazareth">St. Joseph's Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mensa_Christi_Church" title="Mensa Christi Church">Mensa Christi Church</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Jesus_the_Adolescent" title="Basilica of Jesus the Adolescent">Basilica of Jesus the Adolescent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hebrew_Netzer">Hebrew <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Netzer</i></span></h3></div> <p>One view holds that the name 'Nazareth' is derived from one of the Hebrew words for 'branch', namely <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">ne·ṣer</i></span>, <span lang="he"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%A8#Hebrew" class="extiw" title="wikt:נצר">‏נֵ֫צֶר‎</a></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and alludes to the prophetic, messianic words in <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Book of Isaiah</a> 11:1: "from (Jesse's) roots a Branch [<span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">netzer</i></span>] will bear fruit".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One view suggests this <a href="/wiki/Toponym" class="mw-redirect" title="Toponym">toponym</a> might be an example of a tribal name used by resettling groups on their return from exile.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatively, the name may derive from the verb <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">na·ṣar</i></span>, <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">נָצַר</span></span>, 'watch, guard, keep",<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and understood either in the sense of 'watchtower' or 'guard place', implying the early town was perched on or near the brow of the hill, or, in the passive sense as 'preserved, protected' in reference to its secluded position.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The negative references to Nazareth in the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a> suggest that ancient Jews did not connect the town's name to prophecy.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greek_Nazara">Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Nazara</i></span></h3></div> <p>Another theory holds that the Greek form <span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AC#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:Ναζαρά">Ναζαρά</a></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Nazará</i></span>), used in the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Gospel of Matthew</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a>, may derive from an earlier <a href="/wiki/Aramaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaic language">Aramaic</a> form of the name, or from another <a href="/wiki/Semitic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Semitic language">Semitic language</a> form.<sup id="cite_ref-Carruthp417_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carruthp417-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If there were a <i><a href="/wiki/Tsade" title="Tsade">tsade</a></i> (צ) in the original Semitic form, as in the later Hebrew forms, it would normally have been transcribed in Greek with a <i><a href="/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma">sigma</a></i> (σ) instead of a <i><a href="/wiki/Zeta" title="Zeta">zeta</a></i> (ζ).<sup id="cite_ref-Carruthp415_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carruthp415-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This has led some scholars to question whether "Nazareth" and its cognates in the New Testament actually refer to the settlement known traditionally as Nazareth in Lower <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such linguistic discrepancies may be explained, however, by "a peculiarity of the 'Palestinian' Aramaic dialect wherein a sade (ṣ) between two voiced (sonant) consonants tended to be partially assimilated by taking on a zayin (z) sound".<sup id="cite_ref-Carruthp415_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carruthp415-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arabic_an-Nāṣira"><span id="Arabic_an-N.C4.81.E1.B9.A3ira"></span>Arabic <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">an-Nāṣira</i></span></h3></div> <p>The Arabic name for Nazareth is <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">an-Nāṣira</i></span>, and Jesus (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">يَسُوع</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Yasū'</i></span>) is also called <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">an-Nāṣirī</i></span>, reflecting the Arab tradition of according people an <a href="/wiki/Nisba_(onomastics)" title="Nisba (onomastics)">attribution</a>, a name denoting whence a person comes in either geographical or tribal terms. In the <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a>, Christians are referred to as <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">naṣārā</i></span>, meaning "followers of <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">an-Nāṣirī</i></span>", or "those who follow Jesus of Nazareth".<sup id="cite_ref-Antounp50_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Antounp50-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="New_Testament_references">New Testament references</h2></div> <p>In the Gospel of Luke, Nazareth is first described as "a town of Galilee" and home of <a href="/wiki/Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary (mother of Jesus)">Mary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the birth and early epiphanial events of chapter 2 of Luke, Mary, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a> and Jesus "returned to Galilee, to their own city, Nazareth".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The phrase "Jesus of Nazareth" appears seventeen times in English translations of the New Testament, whereas the Greek original contains the form "Jesus the <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Nazarēnos</i></span>" or "Jesus the <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Nazōraios</i></span>."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One plausible view is that <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Nazōraean</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ναζωραῖος</span></span>) is a normal Greek adaptation of a reconstructed, hypothetical term in <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Aramaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Aramaic">Jewish Aramaic</a> for the word later used in Rabbinical sources to refer to Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Nazaréth" is named twelve times in surviving Greek manuscript versions of the New Testament, 10 times as <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Nazaréth</i></span> or <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Nazarét</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and twice as <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Nazará</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Carruthp415_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carruthp415-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The former two may retain the 'feminine' endings common in Galilean toponyms.<sup id="cite_ref-Carruthp415_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carruthp415-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The minor variants, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Nazarat</i></span> and <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Nazarath</i></span> are also attested.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Nazara</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ναζαρά</span></span>) might be the earliest form of the name in Greek, going back to the putative <a href="/wiki/Q_document" class="mw-redirect" title="Q document">Q document</a>. It is found in Matthew 4:13<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Luke 4:16.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Carruthp415_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carruthp415-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (January 2013)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Nazareth#Dubious" title="Talk:Nazareth">discuss</a></i>]</sup> However, the <a href="/wiki/Textus_Receptus" title="Textus Receptus">Textus Receptus</a> clearly translates all passages as <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Nazara</i></span>, leaving little room for debate there.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many scholars have questioned a link between "Nazareth" and the terms "<a href="/wiki/Nazarene_(sect)" title="Nazarene (sect)">Nazarene</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Nazoraean" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazoraean">Nazoraean</a>" on linguistic grounds,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while some affirm the possibility of etymological relation "given the idiosyncrasies of <a href="/wiki/Galilean_Aramaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Galilean Aramaic">Galilean Aramaic</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extrabiblical_references">Extrabiblical references</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meister_der_Kahriye-Cami-Kirche_in_Istanbul_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Meister_der_Kahriye-Cami-Kirche_in_Istanbul_001.jpg/250px-Meister_der_Kahriye-Cami-Kirche_in_Istanbul_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Meister_der_Kahriye-Cami-Kirche_in_Istanbul_001.jpg/375px-Meister_der_Kahriye-Cami-Kirche_in_Istanbul_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Meister_der_Kahriye-Cami-Kirche_in_Istanbul_001.jpg/500px-Meister_der_Kahriye-Cami-Kirche_in_Istanbul_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1421" /></a><figcaption>Nazareth as depicted on a <a href="/wiki/Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a> mosaic (<a href="/wiki/Chora_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Chora Church">Chora Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>The form <i>Nazara</i> is also found in the earliest non-scriptural reference to the town, a citation by <a href="/wiki/Sextus_Julius_Africanus" title="Sextus Julius Africanus">Sextus Julius Africanus</a> dated about AD 221<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (see "Middle Roman to Byzantine Periods" below). The Church Father <a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a> (c. AD 185 to 254) knows the forms <i>Nazará</i> and <i>Nazarét</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, <a href="/wiki/Eusebius" title="Eusebius">Eusebius</a> in his <i>Onomasticon</i> (translated by <a href="/wiki/St._Jerome" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Jerome">St. Jerome</a>) also refers to the settlement as <i>Nazara</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>nașirutha</i> of the scriptures of the <a href="/wiki/Mandaeism" title="Mandaeism">Mandeans</a> refers to "priestly craft", not to Nazareth, which they identified with <a href="/wiki/Qom" title="Qom">Qom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first non-Christian reference to Nazareth is an inscription on a marble fragment from a <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogue</a> found in <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Caesarea Maritima</a> in 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This fragment gives the town's name in Hebrew as נצרת (n-ṣ-r-t). The inscription dates to c. AD 300 and chronicles the assignment of priests that took place at some time after the <a href="/wiki/Bar_Kokhba_revolt" title="Bar Kokhba revolt">Bar Kokhba revolt</a>, AD 132–35.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (See "Middle Roman to Byzantine Periods" below.) An 8th-century AD Hebrew inscription, which was the earliest known Hebrew reference to Nazareth prior to the discovery of the inscription above, uses the same form.<sup id="cite_ref-Carruthp415_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carruthp415-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nazarenes,_Nasranis,_Notzrim,_Christians"><span id="Nazarenes.2C_Nasranis.2C_Notzrim.2C_Christians"></span>Nazarenes, Nasranis, <i>Notzrim</i>, Christians</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nazarene_(title)" title="Nazarene (title)">Nazarene (title)</a></div> <p>Around 331, Eusebius records that, from the name Nazareth, Christ was called a Nazoraean, and that, in earlier centuries, Christians were once called Nazarenes.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a> (Against Marcion 4:8) records that "for this reason the Jews call us 'Nazarenes'." In the New Testament Christians are called "Christians" three times (in Acts 11:26; 26:28; and 1 Peter 4:16), but never directly by the Apostle Paul. They are called "Nazarenes" once by <a href="/wiki/Tertullus" title="Tertullus">Tertullus</a>, a Jewish lawyer. The Rabbinic and modern Hebrew name for Christians, <i>notzrim</i>, is also thought to derive from Nazareth, and be connected with Tertullus' charge against Paul of being a member of the sect of the <a href="/wiki/Nazarene_(title)" title="Nazarene (title)">Nazarenes</a>, <i>Nazoraioi</i>, "men of Nazareth" in Acts. Against this, some medieval Jewish polemical texts connect <i>notzrim</i> with the <i>netsarim</i> "watchmen" of Ephraim in Jeremiah 31:6. In Syriac Aramaic <i>Nasrath</i> (ܢܨܪܬ) is used for Nazareth, while "Nazarenes" (Acts 24:5) and "of Nazareth" are both <i>Nasrani</i> or <i>Nasraya</i> (ܕܢܨܪܝܐ) an adjectival form.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Nasrani_(Arabic_term_for_Christian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasrani (Arabic term for Christian)">Nasrani</a></i> is used in the Quran for Christians, and in <a href="/wiki/Modern_Standard_Arabic" title="Modern Standard Arabic">Modern Standard Arabic</a> may refer more widely to Western people.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Saint Thomas Christians</a>, an ancient community of <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Christians">Jewish Christians</a> in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> who trace their origins to evangelistic activity of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas the Apostle</a> in the 1st century, are sometimes known by the name "Nasrani" even today.<sup id="cite_ref-Zupanov_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zupanov-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BMalieckal_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMalieckal-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stone_Age">Stone Age</h3></div> <p>Archaeological researchers<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (June 2019)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> have revealed that a funerary and cult center at <a href="/wiki/Kfar_HaHoresh" title="Kfar HaHoresh">Kfar HaHoresh</a>, about two miles (3.2 km) from current Nazareth, dates back roughly 9,000 years to the <a href="/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_B" title="Pre-Pottery Neolithic B">Pre-Pottery Neolithic B</a> era.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remains of some 65 individuals were found, buried under huge horizontal headstone structures, some of which consisted of up to 3 tons of locally produced white plaster. Decorated human skulls uncovered there have led archaeologists to identify Kfar HaHoresh as a major cult centre in that era.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bronze_and_Iron_Age">Bronze and Iron Age</h3></div> <p>The Franciscan priest <a href="/wiki/Bellarmino_Bagatti" title="Bellarmino Bagatti">Bellarmino Bagatti</a>, "Director of Christian Archaeology", carried out extensive excavation of this "Venerated Area" from 1955 to 1965. Fr. Bagatti uncovered pottery dating from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Bronze_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Bronze Age">Middle Bronze Age</a> (2200 to 1500 BC) and ceramics, silos and grinding mills from the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> (1500 to 586 BC) which indicated substantial settlement in the Nazareth basin at that time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_period">Roman period</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nazarene_Fountain_Reputed_to_be_Mary_%26_Jesus%27.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nazarene_Fountain_Reputed_to_be_Mary_%26_Jesus%27.jpg/200px-Nazarene_Fountain_Reputed_to_be_Mary_%26_Jesus%27.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nazarene_Fountain_Reputed_to_be_Mary_%26_Jesus%27.jpg/300px-Nazarene_Fountain_Reputed_to_be_Mary_%26_Jesus%27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nazarene_Fountain_Reputed_to_be_Mary_%26_Jesus%27.jpg/400px-Nazarene_Fountain_Reputed_to_be_Mary_%26_Jesus%27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="559" data-file-height="732" /></a><figcaption>Historic photo of <a href="/wiki/Mary%27s_Well" title="Mary's Well">Mary's Well</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Archaeological evidence shows that Nazareth was occupied during the late Hellenistic period, through the Roman period and into the Byzantine period.<sup id="cite_ref-Atiqot98_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atiqot98-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a>, Nazareth was the home village of Mary as well as the site of the <a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation</a> (when the angel <a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a> informed Mary that she would give birth to Jesus). According to the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Gospel of Matthew</a>, Joseph and Mary resettled in Nazareth after returning from the <a href="/wiki/Flight_to_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Flight to Egypt">flight from Bethlehem to Egypt</a>. According to the Bible, Jesus grew up in Nazareth from some point in his childhood. However, some modern scholars also regard Nazareth as the birthplace of the historical Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> inscription found in <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Caesarea</a> dating to the late 3rd or early 4th century mentions Nazareth as the home of the <a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">priestly</a> Hapizzez/Hafizaz family after the <a href="/wiki/Bar_Kokhba_revolt" title="Bar Kokhba revolt">Bar Kokhba revolt</a> (AD 132–135).<sup id="cite_ref-Emmett_1995,_p._17_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmett_1995,_p._17-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the three fragments that have been found, the inscription seems to be a list of the twenty-four priestly courses,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with each course (or family) assigned its proper order and the name of each town or village in <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a> where it settled. Nazareth is not spelled with the "z" sound but with the Hebrew <a href="/wiki/Tsade" title="Tsade">tsade</a> (thus "Nasareth" or "Natsareth").<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Eleazar_Kalir" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleazar Kalir">Eleazar Kalir</a> (a Hebrew Galilean poet variously dated from the 6th to 10th century) mentions a locality clearly in the Nazareth region bearing the name Nazareth נצרת (in this case vocalized "Nitzrat"), which was home to the descendants of the 18th <a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">Kohen</a> family Happitzetz (הפצץ), for at least several centuries after the <a href="/wiki/Simon_bar_Kokhba" title="Simon bar Kokhba">Bar Kochva</a> revolt.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Although it is mentioned in the New Testament gospels, there are no extant non-biblical references to Nazareth until around AD 200, when <a href="/wiki/Sextus_Julius_Africanus" title="Sextus Julius Africanus">Sextus Julius Africanus</a>, cited by Eusebius (<i>Church History</i> 1.7.14), speaks of Nazara as a village in Judea and locates it near Cochaba (modern-day <a href="/wiki/Kaukab_Abu_al-Hija" title="Kaukab Abu al-Hija">Kaukab</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same passage Africanus writes of <i><a href="/wiki/Desposyni" class="mw-redirect" title="Desposyni">desposunoi</a></i> – relatives of Jesus – who he claims <i>kept the records of their descent with great care</i>. <a href="/wiki/Ken_Dark" title="Ken Dark">Ken Dark</a> describes the view that Nazareth did not exist in Jesus's time as "archaeologically unsupportable".<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nazareth_the_magical_city_111.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Nazareth_the_magical_city_111.jpg/200px-Nazareth_the_magical_city_111.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Nazareth_the_magical_city_111.jpg/300px-Nazareth_the_magical_city_111.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Nazareth_the_magical_city_111.jpg/400px-Nazareth_the_magical_city_111.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="638" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_Annunciation" title="Basilica of the Annunciation">Basilica of the Annunciation</a></figcaption></figure> <p>James F. Strange, Professor of Religious Studies at the University of South Florida,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> notes: "Nazareth is not mentioned in ancient Jewish sources earlier than the third century AD. This likely reflects its lack of prominence both in Galilee and in Judaea."<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Strange originally calculated the population of Nazareth at the time of Christ as "roughly 1,600 to 2,000 people" but, in a subsequent publication that followed more than a decade of additional research, revised this figure down to "a maximum of about 480."<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, Israeli archaeologist Yardenna Alexandre excavated archaeological remains in Nazareth that date to the time of Jesus in the early Roman period. Alexandre told reporters, "The discovery is of the utmost importance since it reveals for the very first time a house from the Jewish village of Nazareth."<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Atiqot98_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atiqot98-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other sources state that during Jesus' time, Nazareth had a population of 400 and one public bath, which was important for civic and religious purposes, as a <i><a href="/wiki/Mikva" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikva">mikva</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nazareth_Church_Crusaders1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Nazareth_Church_Crusaders1.jpg/200px-Nazareth_Church_Crusaders1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Nazareth_Church_Crusaders1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption>Crusader-era carving in Nazareth</figcaption></figure> <p>A tablet at the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris, dating to AD 50, was sent from Nazareth to Paris in 1878. It contains an inscription known as the "Ordinance of Caesar" that outlines the penalty of death for those who violate tombs or graves. However, it is suspected that this inscription came to Nazareth from somewhere else (possibly <a href="/wiki/Sepphoris" title="Sepphoris">Sepphoris</a>). Bagatti writes: "we are not certain that it was found in Nazareth, even though it came from Nazareth to Paris. At Nazareth there lived various vendors of antiquities who got ancient material from several places."<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> C. Kopp is more definite: "It must be accepted with certainty that [the Ordinance of Caesar]... was brought to the Nazareth market by outside merchants."<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> archaeologist Jack Finnegan describes additional archaeological evidence related to settlement in the Nazareth basin during the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Ages</a>, and states that "Nazareth was a strongly <a href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jewish</a> settlement in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> period."<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, Yardenna Alexandre confirmed that Jews from Judea migrated to Galilee and settled in new villages and settlements, including Nazareth, since the late Hellenistic-Hasmonean period (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> late 2nd century</span>). Under the leadership of priestly families, the Jewish inhabitants observed ritual purity laws. Previously, most of Galiee, except for minor short-lived Israelite settlements in the Naḥal Ẓippori basin, had an occupational gap for about 5 centuries because of the <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_captivity" title="Assyrian captivity">Assyrian conquest in 732 BCE</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Atiqot98_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atiqot98-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, there is strong evidence for Assyrian presence in Galilee, based on artefacts in <a href="/wiki/Cana" title="Cana">Cana</a>, which was north of Nazareth.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Konrad Schmid and Jens Schroter note that Assyrians were typically relocated to conquered territories, which most likely included Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some scholars believed <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>, a native of Nazareth, was influenced by <a href="/wiki/Cynicism_(philosophy)" title="Cynicism (philosophy)">Cynicism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was popular in Hellenized Galilean cities such as <a href="/wiki/Gadara" title="Gadara">Gadara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Byzantine_period">Byzantine period</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamis" title="Epiphanius of Salamis">Epiphanius</a> in his <i><a href="/wiki/Panarion" title="Panarion">Panarion</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> AD 375</span>) numbers Nazareth among the cities devoid of a non-Jewish population.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Epiphanius, writing of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_of_Tiberias" title="Joseph of Tiberias">Joseph of Tiberias</a>, a wealthy Roman Jew who converted to Christianity in the time of <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I_(emperor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine I (emperor)">Constantine</a>, says he claimed to have received an imperial rescript to build Christian churches in Jewish towns and villages where no gentiles or Samaritans dwell, naming <a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diocaesarea" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocaesarea">Diocaesarea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sepphoris" title="Sepphoris">Sepphoris</a>, Nazareth and <a href="/wiki/Capernaum" title="Capernaum">Capernaum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From this scarce notice, it has been concluded that a small church which encompassed a cave complex might have been located in Nazareth in the early 4th century",<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the town was Jewish until the 7th century.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Christian monk and Bible translator <a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a>, writing at the beginning of the 5th century, says Nazareth was a <i>viculus</i> or mere village.<sup id="cite_ref-Kopp_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kopp-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 6th century, religious narrations from local Christians about the <a href="/wiki/Blessed_Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a> began to spark interest in the site among pilgrims, who founded the first church at the location of the current <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_the_Annunciation" title="Greek Orthodox Church of the Annunciation">Greek Orthodox Church of the Annunciation</a> at the site of a freshwater spring, today known as <a href="/wiki/Mary%27s_Well" title="Mary's Well">Mary's Well</a>. Around 570, the <a href="/wiki/Antoninus_of_Piacenza_(pilgrim)" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoninus of Piacenza (pilgrim)">Anonymous of Piacenza</a> reports travelling from <a href="/wiki/Sepphoris" title="Sepphoris">Sepphoris</a> to Nazareth. There he records seeing in the Jewish synagogue the books from which Jesus learnt his letters, and a bench where he sat. According to him, Christians could lift it, but Jews could not, since it disallowed them from dragging it outside.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Writing of the beauty of the Hebrew women there, he records them saying St. Mary was a relative of theirs, and notes that, "The house of St. Mary is a basilica."<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Constantine the Great ordered that churches be built in Jewish cities, and Nazareth was one of the places designated for this purpose, although construction of churches apparently only started decades after Constantine's death, i.e. after 352.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmett_1995,_p._18_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmett_1995,_p._18-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Archaeologists have unearthed evidence that previous to the erection of the Byzantine-period church at the site of Mary's house in the mid-5th century, Judeo-Christians had built there a synagogue-church, leaving behind Judeo-Christian symbols.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmett_1995,_p._17_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmett_1995,_p._17-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until being expelled in c. 630, Jews probably kept on using their older synagogue, while the Judeo-Christian needed to build their own, probably at the site of Mary's house.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmett_1995,_p._17_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmett_1995,_p._17-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Jewish town profited from the Christian pilgrim trade which began in the 4th century AD, but latent anti-Christian hostility broke out in AD 614 when the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Sasanian_War_of_602%E2%80%93628" title="Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628">Persians invaded Palestine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kopp_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kopp-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Christian Byzantine author Eutychius claimed that Jewish people of Nazareth helped the Persians carry out their slaughter of the Christians.<sup id="cite_ref-Kopp_76-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kopp-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Roman Empire">Byzantine or Eastern Roman</a> emperor <a href="/wiki/Heraclius" title="Heraclius">Heraclius</a> ejected the Persians in AD 629–630, he expelled the Jews from the village, turning it all-Christian.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmett_1995,_p._18_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmett_1995,_p._18-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Muslim_period">Early Muslim period</h3></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Levant" title="Muslim conquest of the Levant">Arab Muslim invasion of AD 638</a> had no immediate impact on the Christians of Nazareth and their churches, since Bishop <a href="/wiki/Arculf" title="Arculf">Arculf</a> remembered seeing there around 670 two churches, one at the house of Joseph where Jesus had lived as a child, and one at the house of Mary where she received the Annunciation – but no synagogue, which had possibly been transformed into a mosque.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmett_1995,_p._18_79-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmett_1995,_p._18-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 721 <a href="/wiki/Yazid_II#Iconoclastic_edict" title="Yazid II">iconoclastic edict</a> of <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">Caliph</a> <a href="/wiki/Yazid_II" title="Yazid II">Yazid II</a> apparently led to the destruction of the former church, so that Willibald found during his pilgrimage in 724–26 only one church there, the one dedicated to St. Mary, which Christians had to save through repeated payments from destruction by the "pagan Saracens" (Muslim Arabs).<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ruins of St. Joseph's remained untouched for a very long time, while the Church St. Mary is repeatedly mentioned throughout the following centuries, including by an <a href="/wiki/Al-Masudi" title="Al-Masudi">Arab geographer</a> in 943.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crusader_period">Crusader period</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sainn7992.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Sainn7992.JPG/200px-Sainn7992.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Sainn7992.JPG/300px-Sainn7992.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Sainn7992.JPG 2x" data-file-width="341" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Makam_al-Nabi_Sain_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Makam al-Nabi Sain Mosque">Makam al-Nabi Sain Mosque</a> of Nazareth</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1099, the Crusader <a href="/wiki/Tancred,_Prince_of_Galilee" title="Tancred, Prince of Galilee">Tancred</a> captured Galilee and established his capital in Nazareth. He was the ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Galilee" title="Principality of Galilee">Principality of Galilee</a>, which was established, at least in name, in 1099, as a <a href="/wiki/Vassals_of_the_Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem">vassal of the Kingdom of Jerusalem</a>. Later, in 1115, Nazareth was created as a <a href="/wiki/Seigneuries" class="mw-redirect" title="Seigneuries">seigneury</a> within the principality. A Martin of Nazareth, who probably acted as viscount of Nazareth, is documented in 1115 and in 1130/1131.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nazareth was the original site of the Latin Patriarch, also established by Tancred. The ancient diocese of <a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27an" title="Beit She'an">Scythopolis</a> was relocated under the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Nazareth" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Nazareth">Archbishop of Nazareth</a>, as one of the four archdioceses in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. When the town returned to Muslim control in 1187 following the victory of <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hattin" title="Battle of Hattin">Battle of Hattin</a>, the remaining Crusaders and European clergy were forced to leave town.<sup id="cite_ref-Dumperp273_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dumperp273-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a> managed to negotiate safe passage for pilgrims from Acre in 1229, and in 1251, <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis IX">Louis IX</a>, the king of France, attended mass in the grotto, accompanied by his wife.<sup id="cite_ref-Dumperp273_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dumperp273-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mamluk_period">Mamluk period</h3></div> <p>In 1263, <a href="/wiki/Baybars" title="Baybars">Baybars</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)">Mamluk Sultan</a>, destroyed the Christian buildings in Nazareth and declared the site off-limits to Latin clergy, as part of his bid to drive out the remaining Crusaders from Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-Dumperp273_83-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dumperp273-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Arab Christian families continued to live in Nazareth, its status was reduced to that of a poor village. Pilgrims who visited the site in 1294 reported only a small church protecting the <a href="/wiki/Grotto" title="Grotto">grotto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dumperp273_83-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dumperp273-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 14th century, Franciscan friars were permitted to return and live within the ruins of the basilica.<sup id="cite_ref-Dumperp273_83-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dumperp273-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_period">Ottoman period</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Titus_Tobler%27s_1868_map_of_Nazareth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Titus_Tobler%27s_1868_map_of_Nazareth.jpg/260px-Titus_Tobler%27s_1868_map_of_Nazareth.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Titus_Tobler%27s_1868_map_of_Nazareth.jpg/390px-Titus_Tobler%27s_1868_map_of_Nazareth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Titus_Tobler%27s_1868_map_of_Nazareth.jpg/520px-Titus_Tobler%27s_1868_map_of_Nazareth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11930" data-file-height="7776" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Titus_Tobler" title="Titus Tobler">Titus Tobler</a>'s 1868 map of Nazareth</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nazareth,_by_Jansson.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Nazareth%2C_by_Jansson.png/260px-Nazareth%2C_by_Jansson.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Nazareth%2C_by_Jansson.png/390px-Nazareth%2C_by_Jansson.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Nazareth%2C_by_Jansson.png/520px-Nazareth%2C_by_Jansson.png 2x" data-file-width="2326" data-file-height="1388" /></a><figcaption>Nazareth, in 1657, by <a href="/wiki/Jan_Janssonius" title="Jan Janssonius">Jan Janssonius</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nazareth_the_holy_land_1842.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Nazareth_the_holy_land_1842.jpg/260px-Nazareth_the_holy_land_1842.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Nazareth_the_holy_land_1842.jpg/390px-Nazareth_the_holy_land_1842.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Nazareth_the_holy_land_1842.jpg/520px-Nazareth_the_holy_land_1842.jpg 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="546" /></a><figcaption>Nazareth, in 1839, published in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Holy_Land,_Syria,_Idumea,_Arabia,_Egypt,_and_Nubia" title="The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia">The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia</a></i></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Well_of_St._Mary,_Nazareth,_by_Felix_Bonfils.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Well_of_St._Mary%2C_Nazareth%2C_by_Felix_Bonfils.jpg/260px-Well_of_St._Mary%2C_Nazareth%2C_by_Felix_Bonfils.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Well_of_St._Mary%2C_Nazareth%2C_by_Felix_Bonfils.jpg/390px-Well_of_St._Mary%2C_Nazareth%2C_by_Felix_Bonfils.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Well_of_St._Mary%2C_Nazareth%2C_by_Felix_Bonfils.jpg/520px-Well_of_St._Mary%2C_Nazareth%2C_by_Felix_Bonfils.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2861" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Well_of_St._Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Well of St. Mary">Well of St. Mary</a>, Nazareth, by <a href="/wiki/Felix_Bonfils" class="mw-redirect" title="Felix Bonfils">Felix Bonfils</a>, ca 1880</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1584 the Franciscan friars were evicted again from the site of the ruined basilica.<sup id="cite_ref-Dumperp273_83-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dumperp273-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1620, <a href="/wiki/Fakhr-al-Din_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Fakhr-al-Din II">Fakhr-al-Din II</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> <a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">emir</a> who controlled this part of <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Syria" title="Ottoman Syria">Ottoman Syria</a>, permitted them to build a small church at the <a href="/wiki/Grotto_of_the_Annunciation" class="mw-redirect" title="Grotto of the Annunciation">Grotto of the Annunciation</a>. Pilgrimage tours to surrounding sacred sites were organised by the Franciscans, but the monks suffered harassment from surrounding <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouin</a> tribes who often kidnapped them for ransom.<sup id="cite_ref-Dumperp273_83-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dumperp273-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stability returned with the rule of <a href="/wiki/Zahir_al-Umar" title="Zahir al-Umar">Zahir al-Umar</a>, a powerful Arab <a href="/wiki/Sheikh" title="Sheikh">sheikh</a> who ruled the <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a>, and later much of the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levantine</a> coast and Palestine. He transformed Nazareth from a minor village into a large town by encouraging immigration to it. Nazareth played a strategic role in Zahir's <a href="/wiki/Sheikhdom" title="Sheikhdom">sheikhdom</a> because it allowed him to wield control over the agricultural areas of central Galilee.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He ensured Nazareth's security for other reasons as well, among them strengthening ties with <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> by protecting the Christian community and protecting one of his wives who resided in Nazareth.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmett22_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmett22-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zahir authorized the Franciscans to build a church in 1730. That structure stood until 1955, when it was demolished to make way for a larger building completed in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-Dumperp273_83-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dumperp273-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also permitted the Franciscans to purchase the <a href="/wiki/Synagogue_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Synagogue Church">Synagogue Church</a> in 1741 and authorized the Greek Orthodox community to build <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_the_Annunciation" title="Greek Orthodox Church of the Annunciation">St. Gabriel's Church</a> in 1767.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmett22_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmett22-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zahir commissioned the construction of a government house known as the <a href="/wiki/Seraya" title="Seraya">Seraya</a>, which served as the city's municipal headquarters until 1991. His descendants—known as the "Dhawahri"—along with the Zu'bi, Fahum, and 'Onassah families later constituted Nazareth's traditional Muslim elite.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nazareth's Christian community did not fare well under Zahir's Ottoman successor, <a href="/wiki/Jazzar_Pasha" title="Jazzar Pasha">Jazzar Pasha</a> (r. 1776–1804), and friction increased between its Christians and Muslim peasants from the surrounding villages.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nazareth was temporarily captured by the troops of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> in 1799, during his <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Campaign_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleonic Campaign in Egypt">Syrian campaign</a>. Napoleon visited the holy sites and considered appointing his general <a href="/wiki/Jean-Andoche_Junot" title="Jean-Andoche Junot">Jean-Andoche Junot</a> as the duke of Nazareth.<sup id="cite_ref-Dumperp273_83-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dumperp273-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the rule of Governor <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Pasha_of_Egypt" title="Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt">Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt</a> (1830–1840) over much of <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Syria" title="Ottoman Syria">Ottoman Syria</a>, Nazareth was opened to European missionaries and traders. After the Ottomans regained control, European money continued to flow into Nazareth and new institutions were established. The Christians of Nazareth were protected during the <a href="/wiki/1860_Mount_Lebanon_civil_war#Spread_of_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="1860 Mount Lebanon civil war">massacres of 1860</a> by <a href="/wiki/Aqil_Agha" title="Aqil Agha">Aqil Agha</a>, the Bedouin leader who exercised control over the Galilee between 1845 and 1870.<sup id="cite_ref-Dumperp273_83-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dumperp273-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kaloost_Vartan" title="Kaloost Vartan">Kaloost Vartan</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenian</a> from <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, arrived in 1864 and established the first medical mission in Nazareth, the Scottish "hospital on the hill", or <a href="/wiki/The_Nazareth_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="The Nazareth Hospital">the Nazareth Hospital</a> as it is known today, with sponsorship from the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Protestant_missionary_societies" title="List of Protestant missionary societies">Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society</a>. The Ottoman Sultan, who favored the French, allowed them to establish an orphanage, the Society of Saint Francis de Sale. By the late 19th century, Nazareth was a town with a strong Arab Christian presence and a growing European community, where a number of communal projects were undertaken and new religious buildings were erected.<sup id="cite_ref-Dumperp273_83-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dumperp273-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1871 Christ Church, the city's only Anglican church, was completed under the leadership of the Rev <a href="/wiki/John_Zeller" title="John Zeller">John Zeller</a> and consecrated by Bishop <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Gobat" title="Samuel Gobat">Samuel Gobat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 19th century and the first years of the 20th century, Nazareth prospered as it served the role of a market center for the dozens of rural Arab villages located within its vicinity. Local peasants would purchase supplies from Nazareth's many <i>souks</i> (open-air markets), which included separate <i>souks</i> for agricultural produce, metalwork, jewelry and leathers.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmett37_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmett37-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1914, Nazareth consisted of eight quarters: 'Araq, Farah, Jami', Khanuq, Maidan, Mazazwa, Sharqiya and Shufani. There were nine churches, two monasteries, four convents, two mosques, four hospitals, four private schools, a public school, a police station, three orphanages, a hotel, three inns, a flour mill and eight <i>souks</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ottomans lost control of Palestine, including Nazareth, to the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allied Powers</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. By then, Nazareth's importance had declined significantly as most of the Arab villages in the <a href="/wiki/Jezreel_Valley" title="Jezreel Valley">Jezreel Valley</a> had been replaced by newly established <a href="/wiki/Yishuv" title="Yishuv">Jewish</a> communities.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmett37_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmett37-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_Mandate_period">British Mandate period</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abbud08C.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Abbud08C.jpg/260px-Abbud08C.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Abbud08C.jpg/390px-Abbud08C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Abbud08C.jpg/520px-Abbud08C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="607" /></a><figcaption>Nazareth, postcard by <a href="/wiki/Karimeh_Abbud" title="Karimeh Abbud">Karimeh Abbud</a>, ca 1925</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nazareth,_by_Fadil_Saba_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Nazareth%2C_by_Fadil_Saba_1.jpg/260px-Nazareth%2C_by_Fadil_Saba_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Nazareth%2C_by_Fadil_Saba_1.jpg/390px-Nazareth%2C_by_Fadil_Saba_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Nazareth%2C_by_Fadil_Saba_1.jpg/520px-Nazareth%2C_by_Fadil_Saba_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1070" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>Nazareth, postcard by <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fadil_Saba" class="extiw" title="de:Fadil Saba">de:Fadil Saba</a>, ca 1925</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AN_AERIAL_PHOTO_OF_NAZARETH._%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%AA.D332-053.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/AN_AERIAL_PHOTO_OF_NAZARETH._%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%AA.D332-053.jpg/260px-AN_AERIAL_PHOTO_OF_NAZARETH._%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%AA.D332-053.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/AN_AERIAL_PHOTO_OF_NAZARETH._%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%AA.D332-053.jpg/390px-AN_AERIAL_PHOTO_OF_NAZARETH._%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%AA.D332-053.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/AN_AERIAL_PHOTO_OF_NAZARETH._%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%AA.D332-053.jpg/520px-AN_AERIAL_PHOTO_OF_NAZARETH._%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%AA.D332-053.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Nazareth, 1937</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> gained control of Palestine in 1917, the same year of the <a href="/wiki/Balfour_Declaration" title="Balfour Declaration">Balfour Declaration</a>, which promised British support for the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. In the years preceding and following the declaration, Jewish immigration to Palestine had been increasing. Representatives of Nazareth opposed the <a href="/wiki/Zionist_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Zionist movement">Zionist movement</a>, sending a delegation to the 1919 <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Arab_Congress#First_congress:_Jerusalem,_1919" title="Palestine Arab Congress">First Palestine Arab Congress</a> and issuing a letter of protest in 1920 that condemned the movement while also proclaiming solidarity with the <a href="/wiki/Yishuv" title="Yishuv">Jews of Palestine</a>. Politically, Nazareth was becoming further involved in the growing <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism" title="Palestinian nationalism">Palestinian nationalist movement</a>. In 1922, a Muslim-Christian Association was established in the town, largely sponsored by the Muslim al-Zu'bi family. A consistent and effective united Palestinian Arab religious front proved difficult to establish and alternative organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Muslim_Council" title="Supreme Muslim Council">Supreme Muslim Council</a>'s Organization of Muslim Youth and the National Muslim Association were established in Nazareth later in the 1920s.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmett39_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmett39-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1922 there were 4885 Christians, 2486 Muslims and 58 Jews living in Nazareth.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nazareth was relatively slow to modernize. While other towns already had wired electricity, Nazareth delayed its electrification until the 1930s and invested instead in improving its water supply system.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This included adding two reservoirs at the northwestern hills and several new <a href="/wiki/Cistern" title="Cistern">cisterns</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmett39_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmett39-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1930, a church for the Baptist denomination, a municipal garden at Mary's Well and a police station based in Zahir al-Umar's <a href="/wiki/Seraya" title="Seraya">Seraya</a> had been established and the Muslim Sharqiya Quarter had expanded.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmett37_89-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmett37-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/1936%E2%80%931939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine" title="1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine">1936–1939 Arab Revolt</a>, Nazareth played a minor role, contributing two rebel commanders out of 281 rebel commanders active in the country. The two were Nazareth native and Christian <a href="/wiki/Fu%27ad_Nassar" title="Fu'ad Nassar">Fu'ad Nassar</a> and Nazareth resident and <a href="/wiki/Indur" title="Indur">Indur</a> native Tawfiq al-Ibrahim. The nearby villages of <a href="/wiki/Saffuriya" class="mw-redirect" title="Saffuriya">Saffuriya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Mujaydil" title="Al-Mujaydil">al-Mujaydil</a> played a more active military role, contributing nine commanders between them. The leaders of the revolt sought to use Nazareth as a staging ground to protest the <a href="/wiki/Peel_Commission" title="Peel Commission">British proposal</a> to include the <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a> into a future Jewish state. On 26 September 1937, the British district commissioner of the Galilee, <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Yelland_Andrews" title="Lewis Yelland Andrews">Lewis Yelland Andrews</a>, was assassinated in Nazareth by local rebels.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmett40_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmett40-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1946, the municipal boundary of Nazareth had been enlarged and new neighborhoods, namely Maidan, Maslakh, Khanuq and Nimsawi, were established. New homes were established in existing quarters and the town still had an abundance of orchards and agricultural fields. Two cigarette factories, a tobacco store, two cinemas and a tile factory had been established, significantly boosting Nazareth's economy.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmett37_89-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmett37-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new police station was built on Nazareth's southernmost hill,<sup id="cite_ref-Emmett37_89-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmett37-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the police station in the Seray had been converted into Nazareth's municipal headquarters. Watchtowers were also erected on some of the hilltops around the town. Other new or expanded government offices included a headquarters for the district commissioner at the former Ottoman military barracks, and offices for the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Survey and Settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmett39_91-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmett39-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nazareth was in the territory allotted to the Arab state under the <a href="/wiki/1947_UN_Partition_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="1947 UN Partition Plan">1947 UN Partition Plan</a>. In the months leading up to the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>, the town became a refuge for Arab-Palestinians fleeing the urban centers of <a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baysan" class="mw-redirect" title="Baysan">Baysan</a> before and during the <a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a>'s <a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%9348_Civil_War_in_Mandatory_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine">capture</a> of those cities on 18 April 22 April and 12 May 1948, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israeli_period">Israeli period</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1948_War">1948 War</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moshe_Sharett_-_Amin_Gargurah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Moshe_Sharett_-_Amin_Gargurah.jpg/220px-Moshe_Sharett_-_Amin_Gargurah.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Moshe_Sharett_-_Amin_Gargurah.jpg/330px-Moshe_Sharett_-_Amin_Gargurah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Moshe_Sharett_-_Amin_Gargurah.jpg/440px-Moshe_Sharett_-_Amin_Gargurah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Amin-Salim_Jarjora" title="Amin-Salim Jarjora">Amin-Salim Jarjora</a> (left), Mayor of Nazareth, with Israeli prime minister <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Sharett" title="Moshe Sharett">Moshe Sharett</a>, 1955</figcaption></figure> <p>Nazareth itself was not a field of battle during the 1948 War, which began on 15 May, before the first truce on 11 June, although some of the villagers had joined the loosely organized peasant military and paramilitary forces, and troops from the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Army" title="Arab Liberation Army">Arab Liberation Army</a> (ALA) had entered Nazareth on 9 July. The local defense of the town consisted of 200–300 militiamen distributed along the hills surrounding the town. The defense in the southern and western hills collapsed after Israeli shelling, while resistance in the northern hills had to contend with an incoming Israeli armored unit. Not long after the Israelis began shelling the local militiamen, Nazareth's police chief raised a white flag over the town's police station.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmett44_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmett44-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of the fighting around Nazareth occurred in its satellite villages, particularly in <a href="/wiki/Saffuriya" class="mw-redirect" title="Saffuriya">Saffuriya</a>, whose residents put up resistance until largely dispersing following Israeli air raids on 15 July.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmett43_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmett43-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the ten days of fighting which occurred between the first and second truce, Nazareth capitulated to Israeli troops during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Dekel" title="Operation Dekel">Operation Dekel</a> on 16 July, after little more than token resistance. By then, morale among local militiamen was low and most refused to fight alongside the ALA because of their perceived weakness in the face of Israel's perceived military superiority and the alleged maltreatment of Christian residents and clergy by ALA volunteers. Seeking to prevent the town's destruction, the Muslim mayor of Nazareth, Yusef Fahum requested a halt to all resistance put up by Nazarenes.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmett44_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmett44-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The surrender of Nazareth was formalized in a written agreement, whereby the town's leaders agreed to cease hostilities in return for promises from the Israeli officers, including brigade commander <a href="/wiki/Ben_Dunkelman" title="Ben Dunkelman">Ben Dunkelman</a> (the leader of the operation), that no harm would come to the civilians of the town. Soon after the signing of the agreement, Dunkelman received an order from the Israeli General <a href="/wiki/Chaim_Laskov" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaim Laskov">Chaim Laskov</a> to forcibly evacuate the city's Arabs. He refused, remarking that he was 'shocked and horrified' that he would be commanded to renege on the agreement he, and also Chaim Laskov, had just signed. Twelve hours after defying his superior, he was relieved of his post, but not before obtaining assurances that the security of Nazareth's population would be guaranteed. <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a> backed Dunkelman's judgement, fearing that expelling Christian Arabs might provoke an outcry throughout the Christian world.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the war, Nazareth's population saw a large influx of refugees from major urban centers and rural villages in the Galilee.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmett40_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmett40-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1950s–1960s"><span id="1950s.E2.80.931960s"></span>1950s–1960s</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Habsora_from_selezian.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Habsora_from_selezian.jpg/220px-Habsora_from_selezian.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Habsora_from_selezian.jpg/330px-Habsora_from_selezian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Habsora_from_selezian.jpg/440px-Habsora_from_selezian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="1512" /></a><figcaption>View of modern Nazareth</figcaption></figure> <p>In the first few years of its incorporation into Israel, Nazareth's affairs were dominated by the issues of land expropriation, <a href="/wiki/Internally_displaced_Palestinians" class="mw-redirect" title="Internally displaced Palestinians">internally displaced refugees</a> and the hardships of martial law, which included curfews and travel restrictions. Efforts to resolve these issues were largely unsuccessful and led to frustration among the inhabitants, which in turn contributed to political agitation in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the largest Arab town in Israel, Nazareth became a center of <a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalism" title="Arab nationalism">Arab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism" title="Palestinian nationalism">Palestinian nationalism</a>, and because the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Israel">Communist Party</a> was the sole legal political group that took up many of the local Arab causes, it gained popularity in Nazareth.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmett49-50_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmett49-50-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arab political organization within Nazareth and Israel was largely stymied by the state until recent decades.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arab and Palestinian nationalist sentiment continue to influence Nazareth's political life.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1954, 1,200 <a href="/wiki/Dunam" title="Dunam">dunams</a> of Nazareth's land, which had been slated for future urban expansion by the municipality, was expropriated by state authorities for the construction of government offices and, in 1957, for the construction of the Jewish town of <a href="/wiki/Nazareth_Illit" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazareth Illit">Nazareth Illit</a>. The latter was built as a way for the state to counterbalance the Arab majority in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmett52_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmett52-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a> member <a href="/wiki/Seif_el-Din_el-Zoubi" title="Seif el-Din el-Zoubi">Seif el-Din el-Zoubi</a>, who represented Nazareth, actively opposed the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_land_and_property_laws#The_'Absentees_Property_Law'" title="Israeli land and property laws">Absentees' Property Law</a>, which allowed state expropriation of land from Arab citizens who were not permitted to return to their original villages. Zoubi argued that the internally displaced refugees were not absentees as they were still living in the country as citizens and wanted to return to their homes.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israel offered compensation to these internal refugees, but most refused for fear of permanently relinquishing their <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_right_of_return" title="Palestinian right of return">right of return</a>. Tensions between Nazareth's inhabitants and the state came to a head during a 1958 <a href="/wiki/May_Day" title="May Day">May Day</a> rally where marchers demanded that refugees be allowed to return to their villages, an end to land expropriation, and self-determination for Palestinians. Several young protesters were arrested for throwing stones at security forces.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmett49-50_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmett49-50-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Martial law ended in 1966. </p><p>On 5 January 1964, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> included Nazareth in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_pastoral_visits_of_Pope_Paul_VI_outside_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of pastoral visits of Pope Paul VI outside Italy">first ever papal visit</a> to the Holy Land.<sup id="cite_ref-HL_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HL-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1980s–2010s"><span id="1980s.E2.80.932010s"></span>1980s–2010s</h4></div> <p>As of the early 1990s, no city plans drafted by Nazareth Municipality have been approved by the government (both the British Mandate and later Israel) since 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmett54_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmett54-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This has left many people in Nazareth who vote in the city's municipal elections and receive services from its municipality effectively outside of the city's jurisdiction. Such areas include the Sharqiya and Jabal el-Daula quarters which are in Nazareth Illit's jurisdiction and whose residents had to acquire building permits from the latter city. Similarly, the Bilal neighborhood of the Safafra Quarter is located within <a href="/wiki/Reineh" title="Reineh">Reineh</a>'s jurisdiction. In 1993, the residents of Bilal became official residents of Reineh.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmett54_106-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmett54-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nazareth's municipal plans for expansion prior to the establishment of Nazareth Illit, were to the north and east, areas that the latter city now occupy. Arab satellite towns are closely located to the north, west and southwest. Thus, the remaining area within the city's municipal boundaries available for expansion were to the northwest and the south, where the topography restricted urban development. After lobbying the Knesset and the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Interior (Israel)">Interior Ministry</a>, el-Zoubi was able to have areas to the northwest of the city annexed to the municipality.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmett53_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmett53-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1980s, the government began attempts to merge the nearby village of <a href="/wiki/Ilut" title="Ilut">Ilut</a> with Nazareth, although this move was opposed by residents from both localities and the Nazareth Municipality.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmett53_107-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmett53-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ilut's residents were included as part of Nazareth's electorate in the 1983 and 1989 municipal elections, which Ilut's residents largely boycotted, and in the 1988 national elections. Ilut was designated by the Interior Ministry as a separate <a href="/wiki/Local_council_(Israel)" title="Local council (Israel)">local council</a> in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmett54_106-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmett54-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Israeli government has designated a Nazareth <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> that includes the <a href="/wiki/Local_council_(Israel)" title="Local council (Israel)">local councils</a> of <a href="/wiki/Yafa_an-Naseriyye" title="Yafa an-Naseriyye">Yafa an-Naseriyye</a> to the south, Reineh, <a href="/wiki/Mashhad,_Israel" title="Mashhad, Israel">Mashhad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kafr_Kanna" title="Kafr Kanna">Kafr Kanna</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Iksal" title="Iksal">Iksal</a> and Nazareth Illit to the east and <a href="/wiki/Migdal_HaEmek" title="Migdal HaEmek">Migdal HaEmek</a> to the west. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andartnazareth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Andartnazareth.jpg/220px-Andartnazareth.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Andartnazareth.jpg/330px-Andartnazareth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Andartnazareth.jpg/440px-Andartnazareth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="1512" /></a><figcaption>Monument to Arab Israeli casualties in the <a href="/wiki/October_2000_protests_in_Israel" title="October 2000 protests in Israel">October 2000 events</a>, Nazareth</figcaption></figure> <p>As the political center of Israel's Arab citizens, Nazareth is the scene of annual rallies held by the community including <a href="/wiki/Land_Day" title="Land Day">Land Day</a> since March 1975 and May Day.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmett55_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmett55-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also frequent demonstrations in support of the Palestinian cause.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmett56_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmett56-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a> (1987–1993), May Day marchers vocally supported the Palestinian uprising. On 22 December 1987, riots broke out during a strike held in solidarity with the Intifada. On 24 January 1988, a mass demonstration attracted between 20,000–50,000 participants from Nazareth and other Arab towns.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 13 May, during a <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> match in <a href="/wiki/Nahariya" title="Nahariya">Nahariya</a>, a riot broke out between Arab and Jewish fans, resulting in a Jewish man being stabbed and 54 people, mostly Arabs, being arrested. A rally in Nazareth on 19 May followed, in which thousands of Arabs protested against "racist attacks" against the Arab fans and discriminatory policies against Arabs in general.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmett55_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmett55-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Preparations for the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a>'s visit to Nazareth in 2000 triggered highly publicized tensions related to the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_Annunciation" title="Basilica of the Annunciation">Basilica of the Annunciation</a>. In 1997, permission was granted to construct a paved plaza to handle the thousands of Christian pilgrims expected to arrive. A small group of Muslims protested and occupied the site, where a nephew of Saladin, named <a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27azzam_Isa" title="Al-Mu'azzam Isa">Shihab al-Din</a>, is believed<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (October 2014)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> to be buried. A school, al-Harbyeh, had been built on the site by the Ottomans, and the Shihab-Eddin shrine, along with several shops owned by the <a href="/wiki/Waqf" title="Waqf">waqf</a>, were located there. Government approval of plans for a large mosque on the property triggered protests from Christian leaders. In 2002, a special government commission permanently halted construction of the mosque.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2006, public protests followed the disruption of a prayer service by an Israeli Jew and his Christian wife and daughter, who detonated firecrackers inside the church. The family said it wanted to draw attention to their problems with the welfare authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2006 a rocket fired by <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict</a> killed two children in Nazareth.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2010, the Israeli government approved a $3 million plan to develop Nazareth's tourism industry. New businesses receive start-up grants of up to 30 percent of their initial investment from the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Tourism_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Tourism (Israel)">Ministry of Tourism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2020s">2020s</h4></div> <p>Riots broke out in Nazareth during the <a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">2021 Israel–Palestine crisis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2024, a rocket launched by <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> struck the city, and fires broke elsewhere in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nazareth_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Nazareth_City.jpg/220px-Nazareth_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Nazareth_City.jpg/330px-Nazareth_City.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Nazareth_City.jpg/440px-Nazareth_City.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Nazareth cityscape</figcaption></figure> <p>Two locations for Nazareth are cited in ancient texts: the Galilean (northern) location in the Christian gospels and a southern (Judean) location mentioned in several early noncanonical texts.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modern-day Nazareth is nestled in a natural bowl which reaches from 320 metres <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a> to the crest of the hills about 488 metres.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nazareth is about 25 kilometres from the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a> and about 9 kilometres west from <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor" title="Mount Tabor">Mount Tabor</a>. The major cities of <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a> are situated approximately 146 kilometres and 108 kilometres respectively, away from Nazareth. The Nazareth Range, in which the town lies, is the southernmost of several parallel east–west hill ranges that characterize the elevated tableau of Lower Galilee. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Iphtahel" title="Iphtahel">Iphtahel</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <p>Nazareth has a <a href="/wiki/Hot-summer_Mediterranean_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot-summer Mediterranean climate">hot-summer Mediterranean climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>: <i>Csa</i>). </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Nazareth, Israel </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22<br />(72) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28<br />(82) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31<br />(88) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37<br />(99) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42<br />(108) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40<br />(104) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40<br />(104) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42<br />(108) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41<br />(106) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38<br />(100) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32<br />(90) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30<br />(86) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">42<br />(108) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9<br />(82.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.1<br />(86.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.2<br />(88.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6<br />(88.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1<br />(82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1<br />(62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0<br />(78.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1<br />(44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9<br />(46.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9<br />(48.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.8<br />(69.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.4<br />(58.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.4<br />(27.7) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.9<br />(25.0) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1<br />(30) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2<br />(36) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6<br />(43) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8<br />(46) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17<br />(63) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17<br />(63) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12<br />(54) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7<br />(45) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.4<br />(29.5) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−3.9<br />(25.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #16FF16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">156<br />(6.1) </td> <td style="background: #49FF49; color:#000000;" class="notheme">111<br />(4.4) </td> <td style="background: #93FF93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72<br />(2.8) </td> <td style="background: #DBFFDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23<br />(0.9) </td> <td style="background: #F4FFF4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7<br />(0.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #E8FFE8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15<br />(0.6) </td> <td style="background: #90FF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72<br />(2.8) </td> <td style="background: #47FF47; color:#000000;" class="notheme">123<br />(4.8) </td> <td style="background: #B5FFB5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">580<br />(22.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days </th> <td style="background: #3939FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16 </td> <td style="background: #4141FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">83 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #0E0EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63 </td> <td style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61 </td> <td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">50 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">50 </td> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">52 </td> <td style="background: #2C2CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">55 </td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">58 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #F9F924; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #F9F924; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #F1F113; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #FFFF43; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF57; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF70; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFC1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFC5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFC1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFB1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF47; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF88; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">71 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (sunshine percentages) </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nazareth.3women.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Nazareth.3women.jpg/220px-Nazareth.3women.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Nazareth.3women.jpg/330px-Nazareth.3women.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Nazareth.3women.jpg/440px-Nazareth.3women.jpg 2x" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="1059" /></a><figcaption>Old postcard of Nazareth women based on photo by <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Bonfils" class="mw-redirect" title="Félix Bonfils">Félix Bonfils</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Nazareth is the largest Arab city in Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-CBS1_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBS1-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Israel Central Bureau of Statistics">Israel Central Bureau of Statistics</a> reported that Nazareth's Arab population was 69% Muslim and 31% Christian.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The greater Nazareth metropolitan area had a population of 210,000, including 125,000 Arabs (59%) and 85,000 Jews (41%). It is the only urban area with over 50,000 residents in Israel where the majority of the population is <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The greater Nazareth metropolitan area includes <a href="/wiki/Nof_HaGalil" title="Nof HaGalil">Nof HaGalil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yafa_an-Naseriyye" title="Yafa an-Naseriyye">Yafa an-Naseriyye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reineh" title="Reineh">Reineh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Migdal_HaEmek" title="Migdal HaEmek">Migdal HaEmek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ein_Mahil" title="Ein Mahil">Ein Mahil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilut" title="Ilut">Ilut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kafr_Kanna" title="Kafr Kanna">Kafr Kanna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mashhad,_Israel" title="Mashhad, Israel">Mashhad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iksal" title="Iksal">Iksal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nazareth is home to the largest Arab <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Israel" title="Christianity in Israel">Christian community in Israel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Christian2020_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christian2020-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Christian communities of Nazareth are varied and includes various denominations, the most prominent among them the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem">Greek Orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Church">Melkite Greek Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Latin Catholics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maronites" title="Maronites">Maronites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Orthodox">Armenian Orthodox</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Protestants" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestants">Protestants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By far the largest among them is the Greek-Orthodox community, headed by a Patriarch based in Jerusalem, and represented in Nazareth by a Metropolite.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Christian communities in Nazareth tend to be wealthier and better educated compared to other Arabs elsewhere in Israel, and Christians of Nazareth occupy the majority of the top positions in the town: three <a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">hospitals</a> and bank managers, judges and school principals and faculties.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The socio-economic gap between the Christians wealth and Muslim poverty led sometimes to sectarian crises.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of the descendants of the <a href="/wiki/Al-Zayadina" title="Al-Zayadina">Zayadina</a> clan in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> use the surname 'al-Zawahirah'<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 'Dhawahri'<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in honor of Zahir (whose name is colloquially transliterated as 'Dhaher'). They mostly live in the Galilee localities of Nazareth, <a href="/wiki/Bi%27ina" title="Bi'ina">Bi'ina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kafr_Manda" title="Kafr Manda">Kafr Manda</a>, and, before <a href="/wiki/Operation_Dekel" title="Operation Dekel">its depopulation</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab-Israeli_war" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Arab-Israeli war">1948 Arab-Israeli war</a>, the village of <a href="/wiki/Al-Damun" title="Al-Damun">Damun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Dhawahri</i>, made up one of the important families in Muslim community of Nazareth, beside the <i>Fahoums</i>, the <i>Zu'bis</i>, and the <i>Onallas</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demographic_history">Demographic history</h3></div> <p>During the late Ottoman era, the religious majority of the city fluctuated. In 1838, there were 325 Christian families (half of whom were Greek Orthodox, the remainder belonged to various Catholic churches) and 120 Muslim families.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1856, the population was estimated to be 4,350, of which Muslims comprised 52%, while Christians from various denominations comprised 48%. In 1862, the population estimate was lower (3,120) and Christians formed a substantial majority of over 78%. The population grew to 5,660 in 1867 and Christians constituted roughly two-thirds and Muslims one-third of the inhabitants. These estimates during the late Ottoman era likely represented crude figures.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A population list from about 1887 showed that Nazareth had about 6,575 inhabitants; 1,620 Muslims, 2,485 Greek Catholics, 845 Catholics, 1,115 Latins, 220 Maronites and 290 Protestants.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For much of the <a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Palestine" title="Mandate for Palestine">British Mandatory</a> period (1922–1948), Nazareth had a <a href="/wiki/Arab_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab Christian">Christian</a> majority (mostly <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox Christians</a>) and a Muslim minority.<sup id="cite_ref-Dumperp274_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dumperp274-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1918, Nazareth had an estimated population of 8,000, two-thirds Christian.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/1922_census_of_Palestine" title="1922 census of Palestine">1922 British census</a>, Nazareth's population was recorded as 7,424 residents, of which 66% were Christian, 33% were Muslim and roughly 1% were Jewish. In the <a href="/wiki/1931_census_of_Palestine" title="1931 census of Palestine">1931 census</a>, the population grew to 8,756 and the ratio of Muslims increased to 37%. The largest Christian community were the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Greek Orthodox</a> denomination, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholics</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Melkite" title="Melkite">Melkites</a>. Smaller communities of <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglicans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maronites" title="Maronites">Maronites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Catholic_Church" title="Syriac Catholic Church">Syriac Catholics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Copt" class="mw-redirect" title="Copt">Copts</a> also existed.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1946, Nazareth had a population of 15,540, of whom roughly 60% were Christians and 40% were Muslims. The 1948 War led to an exodus of Palestinians and many expelled or fleeing Muslims from villages in the Galilee and the Haifa area found refuge in Nazareth. At one point, some 20,000 mostly Muslim internally displaced persons were present in the city. Following the war's conclusion, the internally displaced persons of <a href="/wiki/Shefa-%27Amr" class="mw-redirect" title="Shefa-'Amr">Shefa-'Amr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dabburiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Dabburiya">Dabburiya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilut" title="Ilut">Ilut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kafr_Kanna" title="Kafr Kanna">Kafr Kanna</a> returned to their homes. However, those Muslim and Christian internally displaced persons from the nearby destroyed villages of <a href="/wiki/Ma%27lul" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'lul">Ma'lul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Mujaydil" title="Al-Mujaydil">al-Mujaydil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saffuriya" class="mw-redirect" title="Saffuriya">Saffuriya</a>, the Haifa-area village of <a href="/wiki/Balad_al-Sheikh" title="Balad al-Sheikh">Balad al-Sheikh</a> and the major cities of <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Safad" class="mw-redirect" title="Safad">Safad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baysan" class="mw-redirect" title="Baysan">Baysan</a> remained as they were not able to return to their hometowns.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmett45_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmett45-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the war and in the following months, internally displaced persons from Saffuriya established the Safafra Quarter, named after their former village.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 20% of Nazareth's native inhabitants left Palestine during the war. In an Israeli army census in July 1948, Nazareth had a total population of 17,118, which consisted of 12,640 Nazarenes and 4,478 internally displaced persons. In 1951, the population was recorded as 20,300, 25% of whom were internally displaced persons. The internally displaced persons came from over two dozen villages, but most were from al-Mujaydil, Saffuriya, Tiberias, Haifa, Ma'lul and <a href="/wiki/Indur" title="Indur">Indur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today, Nazareth still has a significant Christian population, made up of various denominations.<sup id="cite_ref-Dumperp274_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dumperp274-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Muslim population has grown due to a number of historical factors that include the city having served as administrative center under British rule, and the influx of <a href="/wiki/Internally_displaced_Palestinians" class="mw-redirect" title="Internally displaced Palestinians">internally displaced Palestinian Arabs</a> absorbed into the city from neighboring towns during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war.<sup id="cite_ref-Dumperp274_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dumperp274-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_30994_Hi_Tech_Park_in_Nazareth.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/PikiWiki_Israel_30994_Hi_Tech_Park_in_Nazareth.JPG/220px-PikiWiki_Israel_30994_Hi_Tech_Park_in_Nazareth.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/PikiWiki_Israel_30994_Hi_Tech_Park_in_Nazareth.JPG/330px-PikiWiki_Israel_30994_Hi_Tech_Park_in_Nazareth.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/PikiWiki_Israel_30994_Hi_Tech_Park_in_Nazareth.JPG/440px-PikiWiki_Israel_30994_Hi_Tech_Park_in_Nazareth.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Nazareth <a href="/wiki/High_tech" title="High tech">Hi-Tech Park</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 2011, Nazareth had over 20 Arab-owned high-tech companies, mostly in the field of software development. According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i> newspaper the city has been called the "Silicon Valley of the Arab community" in view of its potential in this sphere.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_sites">Religious sites</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christian">Christian</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Church_in_Nazareth,_built_on_supposed_site_of_Joseph%27s_workshop,_1891.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Church_in_Nazareth%2C_built_on_supposed_site_of_Joseph%27s_workshop%2C_1891.jpg/220px-Church_in_Nazareth%2C_built_on_supposed_site_of_Joseph%27s_workshop%2C_1891.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Church_in_Nazareth%2C_built_on_supposed_site_of_Joseph%27s_workshop%2C_1891.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="224" /></a><figcaption>Church in Nazareth on the supposed site of Joseph's workshop, 1891</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nazaret_Gabrielskirche_BW_8.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Nazaret_Gabrielskirche_BW_8.JPG/220px-Nazaret_Gabrielskirche_BW_8.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="360" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Nazaret_Gabrielskirche_BW_8.JPG/330px-Nazaret_Gabrielskirche_BW_8.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Nazaret_Gabrielskirche_BW_8.JPG/440px-Nazaret_Gabrielskirche_BW_8.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2344" data-file-height="3836" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_the_Annunciation" title="Greek Orthodox Church of the Annunciation">Greek Orthodox Church of the Annunciation</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christmas_in_The_City_of_Nazareth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Christmas_in_The_City_of_Nazareth.jpg/220px-Christmas_in_The_City_of_Nazareth.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Christmas_in_The_City_of_Nazareth.jpg/330px-Christmas_in_The_City_of_Nazareth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Christmas_in_The_City_of_Nazareth.jpg/440px-Christmas_in_The_City_of_Nazareth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="569" data-file-height="447" /></a><figcaption>Christmas Eve In Nazareth</figcaption></figure> <p>Nazareth is home to dozens of monasteries and churches, many of them in the Old City.<sup id="cite_ref-Ringp539_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ringp539-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Churches <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_Annunciation" title="Basilica of the Annunciation">Church of the Annunciation</a> is the largest Catholic church in the Middle East.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> tradition, it marks the site where the Archangel <a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a> announced the future birth of Jesus to Mary<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Gabriel" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of St. Gabriel">Church of St. Gabriel</a> is an alternative <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church" title="Greek Orthodox Church">Greek Orthodox</a> site for the Annunciation</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Greek_Catholic_Church_of_Nazareth" title="Greek Catholic Church of Nazareth">Greek Catholic Church of Nazareth</a> is a Byzantine Rite Catholic church (<a href="/wiki/Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Greek Catholic Church">Greek Catholic Melkite Church</a>)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Synagogue_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Synagogue Church">Synagogue Church</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Church">Melkite Greek Catholic Church</a> at the traditional site of the synagogue where Jesus preached<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_Church,_Nazareth" title="St. Joseph's Church, Nazareth">St. Joseph's Church</a> (Roman Catholic) marks the traditional location for the workshop of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Saint Joseph</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Mensa_Christi_Church" title="Mensa Christi Church">Mensa Christi Church</a>, run by the <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscan</a> religious order, commemorates the traditional location where Jesus dined with the Apostles</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Jesus_the_Adolescent" title="Basilica of Jesus the Adolescent">Basilica of Jesus the Adolescent</a>, run by the <a href="/wiki/Salesians_of_Don_Bosco" title="Salesians of Don Bosco">Salesian</a> religious order, at the top of the hill overlooking the city from the north</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Nazareth" title="Christ Church, Nazareth">Church of Christ</a> is an Anglican church in Nazareth</li> <li>The Church of Our Lady of the Fright (Roman Catholic) marks the spot where Mary is said to have seen Jesus being taken to a cliff by the congregation of the synagogue</li></ul></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Trail" title="Jesus Trail">Jesus Trail</a> pilgrimage route connects many of the religious sites in Nazareth on a 60 km (37 mi) walking trail which ends in Capernaum</li> <li>International Marian Evangelization Center "Mary of Nazareth" (see here:<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), containing among other things the only archaeologically excavated house from first-century AD Nazareth</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Muslim">Muslim</h3></div> <p>Muslim holy sites include </p> <ul><li>The Shrine of al-Sheikh Amer</li> <li>The Shrine of "to the Prophet we go" (<a href="/wiki/Makam_al-Nabi_Sain_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Makam al-Nabi Sain Mosque">Makam Ela-Nabi Sa'in Mosque</a>)</li> <li>The Shrine of Shihab ad-Din.</li></ul> <p>Muslim places of worship include </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/White_Mosque_(Nazareth)" class="mw-redirect" title="White Mosque (Nazareth)">White Mosque</a> (Masjid al-Abiad), the oldest mosque in Nazareth, located in <i>Harat Alghama</i> ("Mosque Quarter") in the center of the Old Market.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nazareth_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nazareth-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Peace Mosque (Masjid al-Salam).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archaeology">Archaeology</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Venerated_area"_near_the_Basilica_of_the_Annunciation"><span id=".22Venerated_area.22_near_the_Basilica_of_the_Annunciation"></span>"Venerated area" near the Basilica of the Annunciation</h3></div> <p>While excavations conducted prior to 1931 in the Franciscan "venerated area" (the side of the hill known as Jabal Nebi Sa'in, stretching north of the Basilica of the Annunciation) revealed no trace of a Greek or Roman settlement there,<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> later digs under Fr. Bagatti, who acted as the principal <a href="/wiki/Archaeologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeologist">archaeologist</a> for the venerated sites in Nazareth, unearthed quantities of later <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a> artifacts,<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> attesting to unambiguous human presence there from the 2nd century AD onward. <a href="/wiki/John_Dominic_Crossan" title="John Dominic Crossan">John Dominic Crossan</a>, a noted New Testament scholar, remarked that Bagatti's archaeological drawings indicate just how small the village actually was, suggesting that it was little more than an insignificant <a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(place)" title="Hamlet (place)">hamlet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Roman_house">Early Roman house</h3></div> <p>Remains of a residential house dating to the Early Roman period were discovered in 2009 next to the Basilica of the Annunciation and are on display in the "International Marian Center of Nazareth". According to the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Antiquities_Authority" title="Israel Antiquities Authority">Israel Antiquities Authority</a>, "The artifacts recovered from inside the building were few and mostly included fragments of pottery vessels from the Early Roman period (the first and second centuries AD)... Another hewn pit, whose entrance was apparently camouflaged, was excavated and a few pottery sherds from the Early Roman period were found inside it." Archaeologist Yardenna Alexandre adds that "based on other excavations that I conducted in other villages in the region, this pit was probably hewn as part of the preparations by the Jews to protect themselves during the Great Revolt against the Romans in 67 AD".<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kokh_tombs">Kokh tombs</h3></div> <p>Noteworthy is that all the post-Iron Age tombs in the Nazareth basin (approximately two dozen) are of the <a href="/wiki/Kokhim" class="mw-redirect" title="Kokhim">kokh</a> (plural <i>kokhim</i>) or later types; this type probably first appeared in Galilee in the middle of the 1st century AD.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kokh tombs in the Nazareth area have been excavated by B. Bagatti, N. Feig, Z. Yavor, and noted by Z. Gal.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_bathhouse_at_Mary's_Well"><span id="Ancient_bathhouse_at_Mary.27s_Well"></span>Ancient bathhouse at Mary's Well</h3></div> <p>In the mid-1990s, a shopkeeper discovered tunnels under his shop near <a href="/wiki/Mary%27s_Well" title="Mary's Well">Mary's Well</a> in Nazareth. The tunnels were identified as the <a href="/wiki/Hypocaust" title="Hypocaust">hypocaust</a> of a bathhouse.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Excavations in 1997–98 revealed remains dating from the Roman, <a href="/wiki/Crusade" class="mw-redirect" title="Crusade">Crusader</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)">Mamluk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> periods.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_67137_nazareth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/PikiWiki_Israel_67137_nazareth.jpg/220px-PikiWiki_Israel_67137_nazareth.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/PikiWiki_Israel_67137_nazareth.jpg/330px-PikiWiki_Israel_67137_nazareth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/PikiWiki_Israel_67137_nazareth.jpg/440px-PikiWiki_Israel_67137_nazareth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2056" /></a><figcaption>Don Bosco School</figcaption></figure> <p>With the near total depopulation of the Palestinian Arabs in the major cities of Haifa and Jaffa as a result of the 1948 war, Nazareth, <a href="/wiki/Kafr_Yasif" title="Kafr Yasif">Kafr Yasif</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rameh" title="Rameh">Rameh</a> became one of a few towns in the newly-established state of Israel to emerge as a central space for <a href="/wiki/Arab_culture" title="Arab culture">Arab culture</a> and politics.<sup id="cite_ref-Shihade456_162-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shihade456-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three prestigious Arab <a href="/wiki/Christian_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian schools">Christian schools</a> in Nazareth are the St. Joseph's Eclerical School, run by the <a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Church">Melkite Greek Catholic Church</a>, the Nuns of St. Joseph School, a Catholic institution, and the Nazareth Baptist High School, a <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> institution.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About half of students in Nazareth attend <a href="/wiki/Christian_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian schools">Christian schools</a> (10 schools) that are found in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Christian_school" title="Christian school">Christian schools</a> in Nazareth are among the best schools in the country, and while those schools represent only 4% of the Arab schooling sector, about 34% of Arab university students come from <a href="/wiki/Christian_school" title="Christian school">Christian schools</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These Arab Christian schools accommodate Christian students, Muslims, <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> from across the country.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2></div> <p>The city's main football club, <a href="/wiki/Maccabi_Ahi_Nazareth_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Maccabi Ahi Nazareth F.C.">Ahi Nazareth</a>, currently plays in <a href="/wiki/Liga_Leumit" title="Liga Leumit">Liga Leumit</a>, the second tier of Israeli football. The club spent two seasons in the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Premier_League" title="Israeli Premier League">top division</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Premier_League_2003-04" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Premier League 2003-04">2003–04</a> and again in <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Premier_League_2009-10" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Premier League 2009-10">2009–10</a>. They are based at the <a href="/wiki/Ilut_Stadium" title="Ilut Stadium">Ilut Stadium</a> in nearby <a href="/wiki/Ilut" title="Ilut">Ilut</a>. Other local clubs are Al-Nahda Nazareth, which currently plays in <a href="/wiki/Liga_Bet" title="Liga Bet">Liga Bet</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Beitar_al-Amal_Nazareth_F.C." title="Beitar al-Amal Nazareth F.C.">Beitar al-Amal Nazareth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hapoel_Bnei_Nazareth_F.C." title="Hapoel Bnei Nazareth F.C.">Hapoel Bnei Nazareth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hapoel_al-Ittihad_Nazareth_F.C." title="Hapoel al-Ittihad Nazareth F.C.">Hapoel al-Ittihad Nazareth</a>, which all play in <a href="/wiki/Liga_Gimel" title="Liga Gimel">Liga Gimel</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hospitals">Hospitals</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sacra_fam_0307.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Sacra_fam_0307.jpg/220px-Sacra_fam_0307.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Sacra_fam_0307.jpg/330px-Sacra_fam_0307.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Sacra_fam_0307.jpg/440px-Sacra_fam_0307.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Italian Nazareth Hospital</figcaption></figure> <p>The city has three hospitals, run by the Christian community of Nazareth,<sup id="cite_ref-auto_128-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and serving its districts: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Nazareth_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="The Nazareth Hospital">The Nazareth Hospital</a> (also called the English Hospital)</li> <li>French Nazareth Hospital</li> <li>Italian Nazareth Hospital</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2></div> <p>Nazareth is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Baguio" title="Baguio">Baguio</a>, Philippines<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cz%C4%99stochowa" title="Częstochowa">Częstochowa</a>, Poland<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, Italy<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine"><img alt="Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a>, Palestine<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Neubrandenburg" title="Neubrandenburg">Neubrandenburg</a>, Germany<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_cooperation">Other cooperation</h3></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Loreto,_Marche" title="Loreto, Marche">Loreto</a>, Italy (the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_Annunciation" title="Basilica of the Annunciation">Sanctuary of the Annunciation</a> in Nazareth and the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_della_Santa_Casa" title="Basilica della Santa Casa">Sanctuary of the Incarnation</a> in Loreto are twinned)<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arab_localities_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Arab localities in Israel">List of Arab localities in Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazareth_Village" title="Nazareth Village">Nazareth Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_bismarckiana" title="Iris bismarckiana">Nazareth Iris</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/θ/: 'th' in 'thigh'">θ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">NAZ</span>-ər-əth</i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">النَّاصِرَة</span>‎</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">an-Nāṣira</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">נָצְרַת</span>‎</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Nāṣraṯ</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a>: <span lang="syr" dir="rtl">ܢܨܪܬ</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Syriac" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Syriac">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Syriac-language romanization"><i lang="syr-Latn">Naṣrath</i></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The other is <span lang="he"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%97#Hebrew" class="extiw" title="wikt:צמח">‏צֶמַח‎</a></span> <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tsémakh</i></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ναζαρηνός</span></span> ('Nazarene') and its permutations are at Mark 1:24; 10:47; 14:67; 16:6; Luke 4:34 and 24:19. <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ναζωραῖος</span></span> ('Nazōraean') and its permutations are at Matthew 2:23; 26:71; Luke 18:37; John 18:5, 7; 19:19; and six times in Acts of the Apostles.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to G.F. Moore, the Hebrew <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Nôṣri</i></span>, the <a href="/wiki/Gentilic" class="mw-redirect" title="Gentilic">gentilic</a> used of Jesus from the <a href="/wiki/Tannaim" title="Tannaim">Tannaitic period</a> onwards, would have corresponded to a hypothetical Jewish Aramaic <span title="Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE)-language romanization"><i lang="arc-Latn">*Nōṣrāyā</i></span>, which would have in turn produced <span title="Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE)-language romanization"><i lang="arc-Latn">*N<sup>e</sup>ṣōrāyā</i></span>. A normal adaptation of this in Greek would yield <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Nazoraios</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Nazarat/Nazarath</i></span> are attested in a few Greek manuscripts, while the Syriac versions read <span title="Classical Syriac-language romanization"><i lang="syc-Latn">Nazarath</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Israelpopulations-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Israelpopulations_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Israelpopulations_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Israelpopulations_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbs.gov.il/en/settlements/Pages/default.aspx?mode=Yeshuv">"Regional Statistics"</a>. <i>Israel Central Bureau of Statistics</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Israel+Central+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.atitle=Regional+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs.gov.il%2Fen%2Fsettlements%2FPages%2Fdefault.aspx%3Fmode%3DYeshuv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Irani-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Irani_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Irani_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaurie_King-Irani1996" class="citation journal cs1">Laurie King-Irani (Spring 1996). "Review of "Beyond the Basilica: Christians and Muslims in Nazareth"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Journal of Palestine Studies</i>. <b>25</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">103–</span>105. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fjps.1996.25.3.00p0131i">10.1525/jps.1996.25.3.00p0131i</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0377-919X">0377-919X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2538265">2538265</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Palestine+Studies&rft.atitle=Review+of+%22Beyond+the+Basilica%3A+Christians+and+Muslims+in+Nazareth%22&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E103-%3C%2Fspan%3E105&rft.date=1996&rft.issn=0377-919X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2538265%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fjps.1996.25.3.00p0131i&rft.au=Laurie+King-Irani&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTamir_Sorek2015" class="citation book cs1">Tamir Sorek (10 March 2015). <i>Palestinian Commemoration in Israel: Calendars, Monuments, and Martyrs</i> (2 ed.). Stanford University Press. p. 97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780804795203" title="Special:BookSources/9780804795203"><bdi>9780804795203</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestinian+Commemoration+in+Israel%3A+Calendars%2C+Monuments%2C+and+Martyrs&rft.pages=97&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2015-03-10&rft.isbn=9780804795203&rft.au=Tamir+Sorek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120905053711/http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/local_authorities2005/pdf/207_7300.pdf">"2005"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Cbs.gov.il. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/local_authorities2005/pdf/207_7300.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2005&rft.pub=Cbs.gov.il&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs.gov.il%2Fpublications%2Flocal_authorities2005%2Fpdf%2F207_7300.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dumperp274-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dumperp274_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dumperp274_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dumperp274_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dumperp274_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDumperStanleyAbu-Lughod2006" class="citation book cs1">Dumper, Michael; Stanley, Bruce E.; Abu-Lughod, Janet L. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3SapTk5iGDkC&q=%22arab+capital+of+israel%22&pg=PA274"><i>Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: a historical encyclopedia</i></a> (Illustrated ed.). ABC-CLIO. pp. <span class="nowrap">273–</span>274. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781576079195" title="Special:BookSources/9781576079195"><bdi>9781576079195</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cities+of+the+Middle+East+and+North+Africa%3A+a+historical+encyclopedia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E273-%3C%2Fspan%3E274&rft.edition=Illustrated&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781576079195&rft.aulast=Dumper&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Stanley%2C+Bruce+E.&rft.au=Abu-Lughod%2C+Janet+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3SapTk5iGDkC%26q%3D%2522arab%2Bcapital%2Bof%2Bisrael%2522%26pg%3DPA274&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKanaaneh2002" class="citation cs2">Kanaaneh, Rhoda Ann (2002), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T2JmeRYaXJIC&pg=PA117"><i>Birthing the nation: strategies of Palestinian women in Israel</i></a>, University of California Press, p. 117, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-22379-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-22379-0"><bdi>978-0-520-22379-0</bdi></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140111143719/http://books.google.com/books?id=T2JmeRYaXJIC&pg=PA117">archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>, <q>All-Arab cities such as Nazareth, the largest Palestinian city in Israel</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Birthing+the+nation%3A+strategies+of+Palestinian+women+in+Israel&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-520-22379-0&rft.aulast=Kanaaneh&rft.aufirst=Rhoda+Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT2JmeRYaXJIC%26pg%3DPA117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuigley1997" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/John_Quigley_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Quigley (academic)">Quigley, John</a> (1997), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AwVw59HmVdEC&pg=RA1-PA190"><i>Flight into the maelstrom: Soviet immigration to Israel and Middle East peace</i></a>, Garnet & Ithaca Press, p. 190, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86372-219-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86372-219-6"><bdi>978-0-86372-219-6</bdi></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140111143228/http://books.google.com/books?id=AwVw59HmVdEC&pg=RA1-PA190">archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>, <q>The other major Jewish population centre in Galilee was Upper Nazareth, established next to Nazareth, the principal Palestinian city in Arab-populated Galilee.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flight+into+the+maelstrom%3A+Soviet+immigration+to+Israel+and+Middle+East+peace&rft.pages=190&rft.pub=Garnet+%26+Ithaca+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-86372-219-6&rft.aulast=Quigley&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAwVw59HmVdEC%26pg%3DRA1-PA190&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jeffrey-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jeffrey_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffrey1992" class="citation book cs1">Jeffrey, David L. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7R0IGTSvIVIC"><i>A Dictionary of biblical tradition in English literature</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">538–</span>540. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85244-224-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85244-224-1"><bdi>978-0-85244-224-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221946/https://books.google.com/books?id=7R0IGTSvIVIC">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+biblical+tradition+in+English+literature&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E538-%3C%2Fspan%3E540&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-85244-224-1&rft.aulast=Jeffrey&rft.aufirst=David+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7R0IGTSvIVIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Nazareth-Israel">"Nazareth | Israel | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211217105524/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nazareth-Israel">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Nazareth+%7C+Israel+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FNazareth-Israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1011.htm#1">Isaiah 11:1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bargil Pixner, cited in Paul Barnett<i>, Jesus & the Rise of Early Christianity: A History of New Testament Times, </i>InterVarsity Press, 2002 p. 89, n. 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"...if the word <i>Nazareth</i> is be derived from Hebrew at all, it must come from this [Hebrew] root [i.e. 'to watch']" (<a href="/wiki/Selah_Merrill" title="Selah Merrill">Merrill, Selah</a>, (1881) <i>Galilee in the Time of Christ</i>, p. 116. Francis Brown, S. R. Driver, Charles A. Briggs, <i>The Brown–Driver–Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon</i> (1906/2003), p. 665.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. H. Mounce, "Nazareth", in Geoffrey W. Bromiley (ed.) <i>The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia</i>, Vol. 3 Eerdmans Publishing 1986, pp. 500–501.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bauckham, Jude, <i>Jude, Relatives of Jesus in the Early Church</i>, pp. 64–65. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%201:46&version=nrsv">John 1:46</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%207:41–42&version=nrsv">John 7:41–42</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carruthp417-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Carruthp417_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carruth, 1996, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8ZnM0bt4CEC&pg=PA415">417</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210528163521/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8ZnM0bt4CEC&pg=PA415">Archived</a> 28 May 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carruthp415-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Carruthp415_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carruthp415_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carruthp415_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carruthp415_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carruthp415_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carruthp415_17-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarruthRobinsonHeil1996" class="citation book cs1">Carruth, Shawn; Robinson, James McConkey; Heil, Christoph (1996). <i>Q 4:1–13,16: the temptations of Jesus : Nazara</i>. Peeters Publishers. p. 415. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-6831-880-2" title="Special:BookSources/90-6831-880-2"><bdi>90-6831-880-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Q+4%3A1%E2%80%9313%2C16%3A+the+temptations+of+Jesus+%3A+Nazara&rft.pages=415&rft.pub=Peeters+Publishers&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=90-6831-880-2&rft.aulast=Carruth&rft.aufirst=Shawn&rft.au=Robinson%2C+James+McConkey&rft.au=Heil%2C+Christoph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">T. Cheyne, "Nazareth", in Encyclopaedia Biblica, 1899, col. 3358 f. For a review of the question see H. Schaeder, "Nazarenos, Nazoraios", in Kittel, <i>Theological Dictionary of the New Testament</i>, IV:874 f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Antounp50-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Antounp50_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntounQuataert1991" class="citation book cs1">Antoun, Richard T.; Quataert, Donald (1991). <a href="/wiki/Richard_T._Antoun" title="Richard T. Antoun">Richard T. Antoun</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9cn1gwQXfgkC&q=nasira+nazareth&pg=PA50"><i>Syria: society, culture, and polity</i></a>. SUNY Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780791407134" title="Special:BookSources/9780791407134"><bdi>9780791407134</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210528163525/https://books.google.com/books?id=9cn1gwQXfgkC&q=nasira+nazareth&pg=PA50">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Syria%3A+society%2C+culture%2C+and+polity&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9780791407134&rft.aulast=Antoun&rft.aufirst=Richard+T.&rft.au=Quataert%2C+Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9cn1gwQXfgkC%26q%3Dnasira%2Bnazareth%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%201:26&version=nrsv">Luke 1:26</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+2:39&version=nkjv">Luke 2:39</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In Carruth p. 404</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G.F.Moore, 'Nazarene and Nazareth,' in <i>The Beginnings of Christianity 1/1,</i> 1920 pp. 426–432</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Textual evidence suggests this form is an emendation made during the secondary process of synoptic standardization. Shawn Carruth, James McConkey Robinson, Christoph Heil, <i>Q 4:1–13,16: The Temptations of Jesus: Nazara,</i> p. 395</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Q 4:1–13,16: The Temptations of Jesus: Nazara,</i> p. 402.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%204:13&version=nrsv">Matthew 4:13</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%204:16&version=nrsv">Luke 4:16</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?Strongs=G3478&t=KJV">"Blue Letter Bible: Lexicon"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121124112900/http://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?Strongs=G3478&t=KJV">Archived</a> from the original on 24 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blue+Letter+Bible%3A+Lexicon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blueletterbible.org%2Flang%2Flexicon%2Flexicon.cfm%3FStrongs%3DG3478%26t%3DKJV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cheyne in 1899 Ency. Biblica, "Nazareth"; Lidzbarski [Kittel p. 878]; Kennard [JBL 65:2,134 ff.]; Berger [Novum Test. 38:4,323], <i>et multi.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">S. Chepey, "Nazirites in Late Second Temple Judaism" (2005), p 152, referring to W. Albright, G. Moore, and H. Schaeder.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eusebius <i>Ecclesiastical History</i>, 1, vii,14, cited in Carruth, ibid. p. 415.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Comment. In Joan.</i> Tomus X (Migne, <i>Patrologia Graeca</i> 80:308–309.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeistermann1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Meistermann, Barnabas (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Nazareth"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Nazareth">"Nazareth" </a></span>. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 10. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nazareth&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Meistermann&rft.aufirst=Barnabas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E. S. Drower, <i>The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran</i>, Oxford University Press, 1937 reprint Gorgias Press, 2002 p. 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvi-Yonah1962" class="citation journal cs1">Avi-Yonah, M. (1962). "A List of Priestly Courses from Caesarea". <i>Israel Exploration Journal</i>. <b>12</b>: <span class="nowrap">137–</span>139.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+Exploration+Journal&rft.atitle=A+List+of+Priestly+Courses+from+Caesarea&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E137-%3C%2Fspan%3E139&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Avi-Yonah&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Horsley, <i>Archaeology, History and Society in Galilee.</i> Trinity Press International, 1996, p. 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies: Volume 65, Issue 1 University of London. School of Oriental and African Studies – 2002 "... around 331, Eusebius says of the place name Nazareth that ' from this name the Christ was called a Nazoraean, and in ancient times we, who are now called Christians, were once called <a href="/wiki/Nazarene_(sect)" title="Nazarene (sect)">Nazarenes</a> ';6 thus he attributes this designation ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce Manning Metzger The early versions of the New Testament p. 86. 1977 "Peshitta Matt, and Luke ... nasraya, 'of Nazareth'."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Jennings_(Syriacist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Jennings (Syriacist) (page does not exist)">William Jennings</a> <i>Lexicon to the Syriac New Testament</i> 1926 p143</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Payne_Smith" title="Robert Payne Smith">Robert Payne Smith</a> <i>Compendious Syriac Dictionary</i> 1903 p349</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171013151448/http://www.mazyanbizaf.com/mbs002/">"Nasara"</a>. <i>Mazyan Bizaf Show</i>. Archived from the original on 13 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mazyan+Bizaf+Show&rft.atitle=Nasara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mazyanbizaf.com%2Fmbs002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zupanov-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zupanov_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽupanov2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ines_G._%C5%BDupanov" title="Ines G. Županov">Županov, Ines G.</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Nix4M4dy7nQC"><i>Missionary Tropics: The Catholic Frontier in India (16th–17th centuries)</i></a>. University of Michigan. p. 99 and note. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-472-11490-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-472-11490-5"><bdi>0-472-11490-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140611094108/http://books.google.com/books?id=Nix4M4dy7nQC">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Missionary+Tropics%3A+The+Catholic+Frontier+in+India+%2816th%E2%80%9317th+centuries%29&rft.pages=99+and+note&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-472-11490-5&rft.aulast=%C5%BDupanov&rft.aufirst=Ines+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNix4M4dy7nQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BMalieckal-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BMalieckal_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bindu Malieckal (2005) "Muslims, Matriliny, and A Midsummer Night's Dream: European Encounters with the Mappilas of Malabar, India"; <i>The Muslim World Volume</i> 95 Iss. 2 p. 300</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goring-Morris, A.N. "The quick and the dead: the social context of Aceramic Neolithic mortuary practices as seen from Kfar HaHoresh." In: I. Kuijt (ed.), <i>Social Configurations of the Near Eastern Neolithic: Community Identity, Hierarchical Organization, and Ritual</i> (1997).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archaeology.org/0311/newsbriefs/nazareth.html">"Pre-Christian Rituals at Nazareth"</a>. Archaeology: A Publication of the Archaeological Institute of America. November–December 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060528171322/http://www.archaeology.org/0311/newsbriefs/nazareth.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pre-Christian+Rituals+at+Nazareth&rft.pub=Archaeology%3A+A+Publication+of+the+Archaeological+Institute+of+America&rft.date=2003-11%2F2003-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archaeology.org%2F0311%2Fnewsbriefs%2Fnazareth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Atiqot98-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Atiqot98_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Atiqot98_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Atiqot98_49-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYardenna_Alexandre2020" class="citation journal cs1">Yardenna Alexandre (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atiqot.org.il/download.ashx?id=1797">"The Settlement History of Nazareth in the Iron Age and Early Roman Period"</a>. <i><span></span>'Atiqot</i>. <b>98</b>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200526102938/http://www.atiqot.org.il/download.ashx?id=1797">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%27Atiqot&rft.atitle=The+Settlement+History+of+Nazareth+in+the+Iron+Age+and+Early+Roman+Period&rft.volume=98&rft.date=2020&rft.au=Yardenna+Alexandre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atiqot.org.il%2Fdownload.ashx%3Fid%3D1797&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDark2023" class="citation book cs1">Dark, Ken (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bpynEAAAQBAJ"><i>Archaeology of Jesus' Nazareth</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-268899-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-268899-6"><bdi>978-0-19-268899-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230508201222/https://books.google.com/books?id=bpynEAAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archaeology+of+Jesus%27+Nazareth&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-0-19-268899-6&rft.aulast=Dark&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbpynEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_P._Meier" title="John P. Meier">John P. Meier</a>, <i>A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus: The Roots of the Problem and the Person,</i>Vol. 1, Doubleday 1991, p. 216; <a href="/wiki/Bart_D._Ehrman" title="Bart D. Ehrman">Bart D. Ehrman</a>, <i>Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium</i>, Oxford University Press, 1999, p. 97; <a href="/wiki/E._P._Sanders" title="E. P. Sanders">E. P. Sanders</a>, <i>The Historical Figure of Jesus</i>, Penguin 1993, p. 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emmett_1995,_p._17-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Emmett_1995,_p._17_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emmett_1995,_p._17_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emmett_1995,_p._17_52-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmett 1995, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The family is thought to have moved to Nazareth after the <a href="/wiki/First_Jewish_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="First Jewish Revolt">First Jewish Revolt</a> (70 AD), although some speculate that the relocation may have been "well into the second (or even the third) century [AD]." <i>History and Society in Galilee</i>, 1996, p. 110. In 131 AD, the Roman Emperor <a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a> forbade Jews to reside in Jerusalem, forcing Jewish residents to move elsewhere.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">cf. <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Chronicles" title="Books of Chronicles">Books of Chronicles</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Chronicles%2024:7–19&version=nrsv">1 Chronicles 24:7–19</a> and Book of <a href="/wiki/Nehemiah" title="Nehemiah">Nehemiah</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Nehemiah+11;12&version=NRSV">Nehemiah 11;12</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvi-Yonah1962" class="citation journal cs1">Avi-Yonah, M. (1962). "A List of Priestly Courses from Caesarea". <i>Israel Exploration Journal</i>. <b>12</b>: 138.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+Exploration+Journal&rft.atitle=A+List+of+Priestly+Courses+from+Caesarea&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=138&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Avi-Yonah&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"A few of the careful, however, having obtained private records of their own, either by remembering the names or by getting them in some other way from the registers, pride themselves on preserving the memory of their noble extraction. Among these are those already mentioned, called Desposyni, on account of their connection with the family of the Saviour. Coming from Nazara and Cochaba, villages of Judea, into other parts of the world, they drew the aforesaid genealogy from memory and from the book of daily records as faithfully as possible." (Eusebius, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf201.iii.vi.vii.html"><i>Church History</i>, Book I, Chapter VII</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190509055028/http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf201.iii.vi.vii.html">Archived</a> 9 May 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>,§ 14)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ken Dark, "Book review of <i>The Myth of Nazareth: The Invented Town of Jesus</i>", <i>STRATA: Bulletin of the Anglo-Israel Archaeological Society</i>, vol. 26 (2008), pp. 140–146; cf. Stephen J. Pfann & Yehudah Rapuano, "On the Nazareth Village Farm Report: A Reply to Salm", <i>STRATA: Bulletin of the Anglo-Israel Archaeological Society</i>, vol. 26 (2008), pp. 105–112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://giving.usf.edu/impact/excavating-lasting-legacy">"Excavating a Lasting Legacy"</a>. <i>University of South Florida</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230524115252/https://giving.usf.edu/impact/excavating-lasting-legacy">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+South+Florida&rft.atitle=Excavating+a+Lasting+Legacy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgiving.usf.edu%2Fimpact%2Fexcavating-lasting-legacy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article "Nazareth" in the <i>Anchor Bible Dictionary.</i> New York: Doubleday, 1992.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E. Meyers & J. Strange, <i>Archaeology, the Rabbis, & Early Christianity</i> Nashville: Abingdon, 1981; Article "Nazareth" in the <i>Anchor Bible Dictionary.</i> New York: Doubleday, 1992.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://israel21c.org/news/house-from-jesus-time-excavated/">House from Jesus' time excavated</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130706141709/http://israel21c.org/news/house-from-jesus-time-excavated/">Archived</a> 6 July 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (23 December 2009) in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.israel21c.org/"><i>Israel 21c Innovation News Service</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120229170256/http://www.israel21c.org/briefs/israels-gelfand-wins-chess-world-cup">Archived</a> 29 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved 5 January 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antiquities.org.il/article_eng.aspx?sec_id=25&subj_id=240&id=1638">"For the Very First Time: A Residential Building from the Time of Jesus was Exposed in the Heart of Nazareth (12/21/09)"</a>. <i>Israel Antiquities Authority</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221022914/http://www.antiquities.org.il/article_eng.aspx?sec_id=25&subj_id=240&id=1638">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Israel+Antiquities+Authority&rft.atitle=For+the+Very+First+Time%3A+A+Residential+Building+from+the+Time+of+Jesus+was+Exposed+in+the+Heart+of+Nazareth+%2812%2F21%2F09%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.antiquities.org.il%2Farticle_eng.aspx%3Fsec_id%3D25%26subj_id%3D240%26id%3D1638&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Korb, Scott. <i>Life in Year One.</i> New York: Riverhead books, 2010. print, 109. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59448-899-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59448-899-3">978-1-59448-899-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bagatti, B. <i>Excavations in Nazareth,</i> vol. 1 (1969), p. 249.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C. Kopp, "Beiträge zur Geschichte Nazareths." <i>Journal of the Palestine Oriental Society</i>, vol. 18 (1938), p. 206, n. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jack Finnegan, <i>The Archaeology of the New Testament</i>, <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> Press: Princeton, 1992, pp. 44–46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkinner1996–1997" class="citation journal cs1">Skinner, Andrew C. (1996–1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43044121">"A Historical Sketch of Galilee"</a>. <i>Brigham Young University Studies</i>. <b>36</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">113–</span>125. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43044121">43044121</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240321101527/https://www.jstor.org/stable/43044121">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brigham+Young+University+Studies&rft.atitle=A+Historical+Sketch+of+Galilee&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E113-%3C%2Fspan%3E125&rft.date=1996%2F1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43044121%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Skinner&rft.aufirst=Andrew+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43044121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidSchroter2021" class="citation book cs1">Schmid, Konrad; Schroter, Jens (2021). <i>The Making of the Bible: From the First Fragments to Sacred Scripture</i>. Belknap Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0674248380" title="Special:BookSources/978-0674248380"><bdi>978-0674248380</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+the+Bible%3A+From+the+First+Fragments+to+Sacred+Scripture&rft.pub=Belknap+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0674248380&rft.aulast=Schmid&rft.aufirst=Konrad&rft.au=Schroter%2C+Jens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in R. Ostling, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080401050600/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,968139,00.html">"Who was Jesus?", <i>Time</i>, August 15, 1988, pp. 37–42</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Dominic Crossan, (1991), <i>The Historical Jesus: The Life of a Mediterranean Jewish Peasant</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-061629-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-061629-6">0-06-061629-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In particular, <a href="/wiki/Menippus" title="Menippus">Menippus</a> (3rd century BC), <a href="/wiki/Meleager_of_Gadara" title="Meleager of Gadara">Meleager</a> (1st century BC), and <a href="/wiki/Oenomaus_of_Gadara" title="Oenomaus of Gadara">Oenomaus</a> (2nd century CE), all came from Gadara.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamis" title="Epiphanius of Salamis">Epiphanius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panarion" title="Panarion">Panárion</a> 30.11.10, cited Andrew S. Jacobs,<i>Remains of the Jews: The Holy Land and Christian Empire in Late Antiquity,</i> Stanford University Press, p. 50 n. 124, p. 127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frank Williams,<i>The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis,</i> Book I (Sects 1–46) E.J. Brill (1897), rev.ed. 2009, p. 140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Taylor, J. <i>Christians and the Holy Places</i>. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993, p. 265.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Taylor 229, 266; Kopp 1938:215.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kopp-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kopp_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kopp_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kopp_76-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">C. Kopp, "Beiträge zur Geschichte Nazareths." Journal of the Palestine Oriental Society, vol. 18 (1938), p. 215. Kopp is citing the Byzantine writer Eutychius (<i>Eutychii Annales</i> in Migne's <i>Patrologia Graeca</i> vol. 111 p. 1083).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrew S. Jacobs, <i>Remains of the Jews,</i> p. 127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">P. Geyer, <i>Itinera Hierosolymitana saeculi</i>, Lipsiae: G. Freytag, 1898: p. 161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emmett_1995,_p._18-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Emmett_1995,_p._18_79-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emmett_1995,_p._18_79-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emmett_1995,_p._18_79-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmett 1995, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmett 1995, pp. 18–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmett 1995, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Murray, Alan, <i>The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A Dynastic History 1099–1125</i> (Unit for Prosopographical Research, Linacre College, Oxford, 2000) p. 217.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dumperp273-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dumperp273_83-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dumperp273_83-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dumperp273_83-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dumperp273_83-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dumperp273_83-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dumperp273_83-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dumperp273_83-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dumperp273_83-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dumperp273_83-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dumperp273_83-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dumperp273_83-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dumper, p. 273.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYazbak1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Yazbak" title="Mahmoud Yazbak">Yazbak, Mahmoud</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DPseCvbPsKsC"><i>Haifa in the Late Ottoman Period, A Muslim Town in Transition, 1864–1914</i></a>. Brill Academic Pub. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-11051-8" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-11051-8"><bdi>90-04-11051-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225102059/https://books.google.com/books?id=DPseCvbPsKsC">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Haifa+in+the+Late+Ottoman+Period%2C+A+Muslim+Town+in+Transition%2C+1864%E2%80%931914&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Brill+Academic+Pub&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=90-04-11051-8&rft.aulast=Yazbak&rft.aufirst=Mahmoud&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDPseCvbPsKsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emmett22-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Emmett22_85-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emmett22_85-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmett 1995, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSrouji2003" class="citation book cs1">Srouji, Elias S. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fp1y2bMtvNUC&q=Dhaher&pg=PA187"><i>Cyclamens from Galilee: Memoirs of a Physician from Nazareth</i></a>. iUniverse, Inc. p. 187. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780595303045" title="Special:BookSources/9780595303045"><bdi>9780595303045</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210528163546/https://books.google.com/books?id=fp1y2bMtvNUC&q=Dhaher&pg=PA187">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyclamens+from+Galilee%3A+Memoirs+of+a+Physician+from+Nazareth&rft.pages=187&rft.pub=iUniverse%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780595303045&rft.aulast=Srouji&rft.aufirst=Elias+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dfp1y2bMtvNUC%26q%3DDhaher%26pg%3DPA187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmett 1995, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2012" class="citation journal cs1">Miller, Duane Alexander (October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130908180608/http://www.stfrancismagazine.info/ja/images/stories/DuaneMiller-oct2012.pdf">"Christ Church (Anglican) in Nazareth: a brief history with photographs"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>St Francis Magazine</i>. <b>8</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">696–</span>703. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stfrancismagazine.info/ja/images/stories/DuaneMiller-oct2012.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 8 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=St+Francis+Magazine&rft.atitle=Christ+Church+%28Anglican%29+in+Nazareth%3A+a+brief+history+with+photographs&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E696-%3C%2Fspan%3E703&rft.date=2012-10&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Duane+Alexander&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stfrancismagazine.info%2Fja%2Fimages%2Fstories%2FDuaneMiller-oct2012.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emmett37-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Emmett37_89-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emmett37_89-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emmett37_89-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emmett37_89-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emmett37_89-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmett 1995, p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmett 1995, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emmett39-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Emmett39_91-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emmett39_91-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emmett39_91-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmett 1995, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine+Census+(1922)#page/n8/mode/1up">"Palestine Census (1922)"</a>. <i>archive.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.org&rft.atitle=Palestine+Census+%281922%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2FPalestineCensus1922%2FPalestine%2BCensus%2B%281922%29%23page%2Fn8%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shamir, Ronen (2013) <i>Current Flow: The Electrification of Palestine</i>. Stanford: Stanford University Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emmett40-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Emmett40_94-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emmett40_94-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmett 1995, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmett 1995, pp. 40–41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emmett44-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Emmett44_96-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emmett44_96-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmett 1995, p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emmett43-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Emmett43_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmett 1995, p. 43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Derek J. Penslar, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qWsPAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA235"><i>Jews and the Military: A History,</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200103083953/https://books.google.com/books?id=qWsPAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA235">Archived</a> 3 January 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Princeton University Press 2013 p. 235.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmett 1995, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emmett49-50-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Emmett49-50_100-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emmett49-50_100-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmett 1995, pp. 49–50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmett 1995, pp. 50–51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmett 1995, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emmett52-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Emmett52_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmett 1995, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmett 1995, p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HL-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HL_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSudilovsky2009" class="citation web cs1">Sudilovsky, Judith (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.officialcatholicdirectory.com/special-feature-article/papal-visits-to-the-holy-land.html">"Papal Visits to the Holy Land"</a>. Official Catholic Directory. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131213055756/http://www.officialcatholicdirectory.com/special-feature-article/papal-visits-to-the-holy-land.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Papal+Visits+to+the+Holy+Land&rft.pub=Official+Catholic+Directory&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Sudilovsky&rft.aufirst=Judith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.officialcatholicdirectory.com%2Fspecial-feature-article%2Fpapal-visits-to-the-holy-land.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emmett54-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Emmett54_106-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emmett54_106-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emmett54_106-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmett 1995, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emmett53-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Emmett53_107-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emmett53_107-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmett 1995, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emmett55-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Emmett55_108-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emmett55_108-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmett 1995, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emmett56-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Emmett56_109-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmett 1995, p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmett 1995, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cwnews.com/news/viewstory.cfm?recnum=17590">"Final Bar on Controversial Nazareth Mosque"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Nazareth+as+a+Culinary+Destination&rft.date=2011-12-22&rft.aulast=Doyle&rft.aufirst=Rachel+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F12%2F25%2Ftravel%2Fnazareth-as-a-culinary-destination.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ynetnews.com/article/r1X4LaHOO">"Clashes and arrests as Jerusalem protests spread to Haifa, Nazareth"</a>. <i>ynetnews</i>. 9 May 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210512150326/https://www.ynetnews.com/article/r1X4LaHOO">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ynetnews&rft.atitle=Clashes+and+arrests+as+Jerusalem+protests+spread+to+Haifa%2C+Nazareth&rft.date=2021-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticle%2Fr1X4LaHOO&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-821184">"IDF retaliates after Hezbollah's deepest attack yet: Over 140 rockets, six wounded"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com</i>. 22 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post+%7C+JPost.com&rft.atitle=IDF+retaliates+after+Hezbollah%27s+deepest+attack+yet%3A+Over+140+rockets%2C+six+wounded&rft.date=2024-09-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fbreaking-news%2Farticle-821184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(a) The <i><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_James" title="Gospel of James">Protevangelium of James</a></i>(c. 150 AD. See New Testament Apocrypha, ed. W. Schneemelcher, Westminster/John Knox Press, 1991, vol. 1, p. 421 ff.) was an immensely popular text in the early Christian centuries. In it, Jesus' family lives in <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a> of Judea (PrJ 8.3; 17:1) and all events take place in and around the southern town. PrJ does not mention Galilee or "Nazareth"; (b) the earliest reference to Nazareth outside the Christian gospels, by <a href="/wiki/Sextus_Julius_Africanus" title="Sextus Julius Africanus">Sextus Julius Africanus</a> (c. 200 AD), speaks of "Nazara" as a village in "Judea" and locates it near an as-yet unidentified "Cochaba"; (c) A fourth century work known as the <i>History of Joseph the Carpenter</i> knows a southern location for Nazareth. It locates "Nazareth", the home of Joseph, <i>within walking distance</i> of the Jerusalem Temple.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Map <i>Survey of Palestine, 1946. 1:5,000</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/17193107">17193107</a>. Also, Emmett 1995b, p. 31, Fig. 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.climate-data.org/location/28724/">"Climate: Nazareth"</a>. Climate-Data. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129021119/http://en.climate-data.org/location/28724/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate%3A+Nazareth&rft.pub=Climate-Data&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.climate-data.org%2Flocation%2F28724%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/israel/nazareth.php">"Nazareth Climate"</a>. Weather2Travel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141026172837/http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/israel/nazareth.php">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nazareth+Climate&rft.pub=Weather2Travel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather2travel.com%2Fclimate-guides%2Fisrael%2Fnazareth.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBS1-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CBS1_121-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYurit_Naffe2001" class="citation web cs1">Yurit Naffe (October 2001). "Statistilite 15: Population". State of Israel Central Bureau of Statistics.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistilite+15%3A+Population&rft.pub=State+of+Israel+Central+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=2001-10&rft.au=Yurit+Naffe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#cite_web_url" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131011103441/http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications11/local_authorities09/pdf/254_7300.pdf">"Nazareth Census 2009"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Cbs.gov.il. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications11/local_authorities09/pdf/254_7300.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 11 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nazareth+Census+2009&rft.pub=Cbs.gov.il&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs.gov.il%2Fpublications11%2Flocal_authorities09%2Fpdf%2F254_7300.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbs.gov.il/population/new_2007/table3.pdf">"Israeli localities with populations 1000+"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Cbs.gov.il. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181009114131/http://www.cbs.gov.il/population/new_2007/table3.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israeli+localities+with+populations+1000%2B&rft.pub=Cbs.gov.il&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs.gov.il%2Fpopulation%2Fnew_2007%2Ftable3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140803034436/http://www.nazareth.muni.il/files/majalla-2010.pdf">"Nazareth metropolis area"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Hebrew). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nazareth.muni.il/files/majalla-2010.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nazareth+metropolis+area&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nazareth.muni.il%2Ffiles%2Fmajalla-2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Christian2020-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Christian2020_125-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/mediarelease/DocLib/2019/400/11_19_400e.pdf">"Christmas 2019 – Christians in Israel"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Central Bureau of Statistics (Israel). 29 December 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211109084141/https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/mediarelease/DocLib/2019/400/11_19_400e.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christmas+2019+%E2%80%93+Christians+in+Israel&rft.pub=Central+Bureau+of+Statistics+%28Israel%29&rft.date=2019-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs.gov.il%2Fhe%2Fmediarelease%2FDocLib%2F2019%2F400%2F11_19_400e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFF._Emmett2012" class="citation book cs1">F. Emmett, Chad (2012). <i>Beyond the Basilica: Christians and Muslims in Nazareth</i>. University of Chicago Press. p. 128. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226922492" title="Special:BookSources/9780226922492"><bdi>9780226922492</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+the+Basilica%3A+Christians+and+Muslims+in+Nazareth&rft.pages=128&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780226922492&rft.aulast=F.+Emmett&rft.aufirst=Chad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFF._Emmett2012" class="citation book cs1">F. Emmett, Chad (2012). <i>Green Crescent Over Nazareth: The Displacement of Christians by Muslims in the Holy Land</i>. University of Chicago Press. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226922492" title="Special:BookSources/9780226922492"><bdi>9780226922492</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Green+Crescent+Over+Nazareth%3A+The+Displacement+of+Christians+by+Muslims+in+the+Holy+Land&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780226922492&rft.aulast=F.+Emmett&rft.aufirst=Chad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_128-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_128-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsraeli2014" class="citation book cs1">Israeli, Raphael (2014). <i>Narrow Gate Churches: The Christian Presence in the Holy Land Under Muslim and Jewish Rule</i>. Routledge. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135315146" title="Special:BookSources/9781135315146"><bdi>9781135315146</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Narrow+Gate+Churches%3A+The+Christian+Presence+in+the+Holy+Land+Under+Muslim+and+Jewish+Rule&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781135315146&rft.aulast=Israeli&rft.aufirst=Raphael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMansour2004" class="citation book cs1">Mansour, Atallah (2004). <i>Narrow Gate Churches: The Christian Presence in the Holy Land Under Muslim and Jewish Rule</i>. Hope Publishing House. p. 280. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781932717020" title="Special:BookSources/9781932717020"><bdi>9781932717020</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Narrow+Gate+Churches%3A+The+Christian+Presence+in+the+Holy+Land+Under+Muslim+and+Jewish+Rule&rft.pages=280&rft.pub=Hope+Publishing+House&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781932717020&rft.aulast=Mansour&rft.aufirst=Atallah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joudah, 1987, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3jZGVstzMhQC&q=bashirs&pg=PA549">118</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230929214658/https://books.google.com/books?id=3jZGVstzMhQC&q=bashirs&pg=PA549">Archived</a> 29 September 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Srouji, 2003, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fp1y2bMtvNUC&pg=PA187">187</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joudah, 1987, p. 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._Srouji2003" class="citation book cs1">S. Srouji, Elias (2003). <i>Cyclamens from Galilee: Memoirs of a Physician from Nazareth</i>. Brill. p. 187. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780595303045" title="Special:BookSources/9780595303045"><bdi>9780595303045</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyclamens+from+Galilee%3A+Memoirs+of+a+Physician+from+Nazareth&rft.pages=187&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780595303045&rft.aulast=S.+Srouji&rft.aufirst=Elias&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmett 1995, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmett 1995, pp. 26–27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schumacher, 1888, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme19pale#page/n207/mode/1up">182</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsraeli2002" class="citation book cs1">Israeli, Raphael (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GjApOeWHtv4C&q=nazareth+british+mandate&pg=PA15"><i>Green Crescent Over Nazareth</i></a>. Psychology Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780714652580" title="Special:BookSources/9780714652580"><bdi>9780714652580</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210528163539/https://books.google.com/books?id=GjApOeWHtv4C&q=nazareth+british+mandate&pg=PA15">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Green+Crescent+Over+Nazareth&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780714652580&rft.aulast=Israeli&rft.aufirst=Raphael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGjApOeWHtv4C%26q%3Dnazareth%2Bbritish%2Bmandate%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmett 1995, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emmett45-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Emmett45_139-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmett 1995, p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmett 1995, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmett 1995, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/themarker/49-khatem-zuabi-ncs-software-services-1.382776">"Haaretz.com"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Salkin; Sharon La Boda, eds. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2aOpeBnbxvsC&q=nasira+nazareth&pg=PA541"><i>International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa</i></a> (Illustrated, annotated ed.). Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781884964039" title="Special:BookSources/9781884964039"><bdi>9781884964039</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210528163557/https://books.google.com/books?id=2aOpeBnbxvsC&q=nasira+nazareth&pg=PA541">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Dictionary+of+Historic+Places%3A+Middle+East+and+Africa&rft.edition=Illustrated%2C+annotated&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9781884964039&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2aOpeBnbxvsC%26q%3Dnasira%2Bnazareth%26pg%3DPA541&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slife.org/roman-curia/">"Roman Curia"</a>. The Spiritual Life. 24 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201203111239/https://slife.org/roman-curia/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roman+Curia&rft.pub=The+Spiritual+Life&rft.date=2020-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslife.org%2Froman-curia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%201:26–31&version=nrsv">Luke 1:26–31</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%204&version=nrsv">Luke 4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">International Marian Evangelization Center "Mary of Nazareth" [www.mariedenazareth.com/en homepage]. Accessed 30 August 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmett 1995b, pp. 136–138</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nazareth-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nazareth_149-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213617/http://www.ddtravel-acc.com/nazareth.htm">"Nazareth: The Mosque Quarter"</a>. Discover Israel. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ddtravel-acc.com/nazareth.htm">the original</a> on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nazareth%3A+The+Mosque+Quarter&rft.pub=Discover+Israel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ddtravel-acc.com%2Fnazareth.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Tonneau, <i>Revue Biblique</i> XL (1931), p. 556. Reaffirmed by C. Kopp (op. cit.,1938, p. 188).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">B. Bagatti, <i>Excavations in Nazareth</i>, vol. 1 (1969), pp. 272–310.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Dominic Crossan, <i>The Historical Jesus : The Life of a Mediterranean Jewish Peasant</i>, 1992, p. 18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/History/Early+History+-+Archaeology/Residential_building_time_Jesus_Nazareth_21-Dec-2009.htm">"Residential building from the time of Jesus exposed in Nazareth 21-Dec-2009"</a>. 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Kuhnen, "Palaestina in Griechisch-Roemischer Zeit", (Muenchen, C. Beck, 1990, pp. 254–55).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gal, Z. Lower Galilee During the Iron Age (American Schools of Oriental Research, Eisenbrauns, 1992) p. 15; Yavor, Z. 1998 "Nazareth", ESI 18. pp. 32 (English), 48; Feig, N. 1990 "Burial Caves at Nazareth", 'Atiqot 10 (Hebrew series). pp. 67–79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shacham , Tzvi. 2012. Bathhouse from the Crusader Period in Nazareth in Kreiner, R & W. Letzner (eds.). SPA: Sanitas per Aquam. Tagungsband des Internationalen Frontinus-Symposums zur Technik und Kulturgeschichte der antike Thermen. Aachen, 18–22. Marz 2009 : 319–326. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Is+This+Where+Jesus+Bathed%3F&rft.date=2003-10-22&rft.au=Cook%2C+Jonathon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fg2%2Fstory%2F0%2C3604%2C1067930%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook,_Jonathan2002" class="citation news cs1">Cook, Jonathan (17 December 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120216062857/http://www.jkcook.net/Articles1/0021.htm">"Under Nazareth, Secrets in Stone"</a>. <i>International Herald Tribune</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Herald+Tribune&rft.atitle=Under+Nazareth%2C+Secrets+in+Stone&rft.date=2002-12-17&rft.au=Cook%2C+Jonathan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jkcook.net%2FArticles1%2F0021.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShama-Sostar,_Martina2008" class="citation web cs1">Shama-Sostar, Martina (12 August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nazarethbathhouse.org">"The Ancient Bath House in Nazareth"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170915035919/http://nazarethbathhouse.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Ancient+Bath+House+in+Nazareth&rft.date=2008-08-12&rft.au=Shama-Sostar%2C+Martina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nazarethbathhouse.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shihade456-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shihade456_162-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shihade 2014, p. 456.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comeandsee.com/view.php?sid=943">"Maariv: Christian Schools in Nazareth among best in country"</a>. Comeandsee. 17 September 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230929214656/http://www.comeandsee.com/view.php?sid=943">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maariv%3A+Christian+Schools+in+Nazareth+among+best+in+country&rft.pub=Comeandsee&rft.date=2015-09-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.comeandsee.com%2Fview.php%3Fsid%3D943&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGahern2011" class="citation book cs1">McGahern, Una (2011). <i>Palestinian Christians in Israel: State Attitudes Towards Non-Muslims in a Jewish State</i>. Routledge. p. 51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415605717" title="Special:BookSources/9780415605717"><bdi>9780415605717</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestinian+Christians+in+Israel%3A+State+Attitudes+Towards+Non-Muslims+in+a+Jewish+State&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780415605717&rft.aulast=McGahern&rft.aufirst=Una&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hcef.org/790796657-demonstration-of-christian-schools-in-jerusalem/">"Demonstration of Christian Schools in Jerusalem – Holy Land Christian Ecumenical Foundation"</a>. <i>Hcef.org</i>. 10 September 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160809222602/http://hcef.org/790796657-demonstration-of-christian-schools-in-jerusalem/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hcef.org&rft.atitle=Demonstration+of+Christian+Schools+in+Jerusalem+%E2%80%93+Holy+Land+Christian+Ecumenical+Foundation&rft.date=2015-09-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhcef.org%2F790796657-demonstration-of-christian-schools-in-jerusalem%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/society/85944-150916-israel-hundreds-protest-against-discriminatory-school-funding-for-christians">"Israel: Hundreds protest against 'discriminatory' school funding for Christians"</a>. i24NEWS. 17 September 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515205433/https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/society/85944-150916-israel-hundreds-protest-against-discriminatory-school-funding-for-christians">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel%3A+Hundreds+protest+against+%27discriminatory%27+school+funding+for+Christians&rft.pub=i24NEWS&rft.date=2015-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.i24news.tv%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fisrael%2Fsociety%2F85944-150916-israel-hundreds-protest-against-discriminatory-school-funding-for-christians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220430151718/https://www.lpj.org/posts/israeli-ministry-of-education-classifies-christian-schools-among-the-best-in-the-country.html">"Israeli Ministry of Education classifies Christian schools among the best in the country"</a>. <i>Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Latin+Patriarchate+of+Jerusalem&rft.atitle=Israeli+Ministry+of+Education+classifies+Christian+schools+among+the+best+in+the+country&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lpj.org%2Fposts%2Fisraeli-ministry-of-education-classifies-christian-schools-among-the-best-in-the-country.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSee2014" class="citation news cs1">See, Dexter A. (24 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160308022938/http://manilastandardtoday.com/news/-provinces/161129/twinning-ties-for-baguio-and-nazareth.html">"Twinning ties for Baguio and Nazareth"</a>. <i>The Standard</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://manilastandardtoday.com/news/-provinces/161129/twinning-ties-for-baguio-and-nazareth.html">the original</a> on 8 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Standard&rft.atitle=Twinning+ties+for+Baguio+and+Nazareth&rft.date=2014-10-24&rft.aulast=See&rft.aufirst=Dexter+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmanilastandardtoday.com%2Fnews%2F-provinces%2F161129%2Ftwinning-ties-for-baguio-and-nazareth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200227065518/http://www.czestochowa.pl/page/1657,miasta-zaprzyjaznione.html">"Miasta zaprzyjaźnione"</a>. <i>czestochowa.pl</i> (in Polish). Częstochowa. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=czestochowa.pl&rft.atitle=Miasta+zaprzyja%C5%BAnione&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.czestochowa.pl%2Fpage%2F1657%2Cmiasta-zaprzyjaznione.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comune.fi.it/export/sites/retecivica/comune_firenze/relazioni_internazionali_cooperazione/gemellaggi.html">"Gemellaggi, Patti di amicizia e di fratellanza"</a> (in Italian). Comune di Firenze. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171122082353/http://www.comune.fi.it/export/sites/retecivica/comune_firenze/relazioni_internazionali_cooperazione/gemellaggi.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gemellaggi%2C+Patti+di+amicizia+e+di+fratellanza&rft.pub=Comune+di+Firenze&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.comune.fi.it%2Fexport%2Fsites%2Fretecivica%2Fcomune_firenze%2Frelazioni_internazionali_cooperazione%2Fgemellaggi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200120074332/http://www.dundee-nablus.org.uk/Jun15/OurTwinning.php">"The Twinning Between Dundee and Nablus"</a>. Dundee–Nablus Twinning Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dundee-nablus.org.uk/Jun15/OurTwinning.php">the original</a> on 20 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Neubrandenburg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191116181657/http://www.neubrandenburg.de/Leben-Wohnen/Vier-Tore-Stadt/Partnerst%C3%A4dte">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=neubrandenburg.de&rft.atitle=Partnerst%C3%A4dte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.neubrandenburg.de%2FLeben-Wohnen%2FVier-Tore-Stadt%2FPartnerst%25C3%25A4dte&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303193431/http://www.ofm.org/3/frat/FRAeng33.html">"Fraternitas: Nazareth and Loreto: Twinning"</a>. Order of Friars Minor. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ofm.org/3/frat/FRAeng33.html">the original</a> on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fraternitas%3A+Nazareth+and+Loreto%3A+Twinning&rft.pub=Order+of+Friars+Minor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ofm.org%2F3%2Ffrat%2FFRAeng33.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmmett1995" class="citation book cs1">Emmett, Chad Fife (1995). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beyondbasilicach0000emme"><i>Beyond the Basilica: Christians and Muslims in Nazareth</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beyondbasilicach0000emme/page/22">22</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-20711-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-20711-7"><bdi>978-0-226-20711-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+the+Basilica%3A+Christians+and+Muslims+in+Nazareth&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-226-20711-7&rft.aulast=Emmett&rft.aufirst=Chad+Fife&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbeyondbasilicach0000emme&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsaac2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Isaac" title="Benjamin Isaac">Isaac, Benjamin</a> (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qgAtDwAAQBAJ"><i>Empire and Ideology in the Graeco-Roman World</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-13589-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-13589-5"><bdi>978-1-107-13589-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empire+and+Ideology+in+the+Graeco-Roman+World&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-107-13589-5&rft.aulast=Isaac&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqgAtDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersen2001" class="citation book cs1">Petersen, Andrew (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/21620056"><i>A Gazetteer of Buildings in Muslim Palestine (British Academy Monographs in Archaeology)</i></a>. Vol. I. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/21620056/Gazetteer_5_K-R">239</a>−244. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-727011-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-727011-0"><bdi>978-0-19-727011-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210528163548/https://www.academia.edu/21620056/Gazetteer_5_K_R">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Gazetteer+of+Buildings+in+Muslim+Palestine+%28British+Academy+Monographs+in+Archaeology%29&rft.pages=239%E2%88%92244&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-727011-0&rft.aulast=Petersen&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F21620056&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchumacher1888" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gottlieb_Schumacher" title="Gottlieb Schumacher">Schumacher, G.</a> (1888). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/quarterlystateme19pale">"Population list of the Liwa of Akka"</a>. <i>Quarterly Statement – Palestine Exploration Fund</i>. <b>20</b>: <span class="nowrap">169–</span>191.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quarterly+Statement+%E2%80%93+Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.atitle=Population+list+of+the+Liwa+of+Akka&rft.volume=20&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E169-%3C%2Fspan%3E191&rft.date=1888&rft.aulast=Schumacher&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fquarterlystateme19pale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Nazareth" class="extiw" title="commons:Nazareth"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Nazareth</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Nazareth#Q430776" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Nazareth">Nazareth</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191212025524/http://www.nazarethinfo.org/">Nazareth Official City Website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://virtualreligion.net/iho/nazareth.html">Nazareth</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070223110025/http://virtualreligion.net/iho/nazareth.html">Archived</a> 23 February 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=141&letter=N">Nazareth</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051207145816/http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=141&letter=N">Archived</a> 7 December 2005 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Jewish Encyclopedia</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bibletools.org/index.cfm/fuseaction/Def.show/RTD/Easton/ID/2676">Nazareth</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041105073557/http://bibletools.org/index.cfm/fuseaction/Def.show/RTD/Easton/ID/2676">Archived</a> 5 November 2004 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Easton's Bible Dictionary</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nazarethvillage.com">Nazareth Village, recreation of Nazareth 2000 years ago. The Nazareth Jesus Knew</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061202131156/http://www.nazarethvillage.com/">Archived</a> 2 December 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.veredgo.com/dynamic/cities/about/Nazareth/index.htm/">Nazareth Travel Guide</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160401042039/http://www.veredgo.com/dynamic/cities/about/Nazareth/index.htm">Archived</a> 1 April 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunning2023" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Dunning_(author)" title="Brian Dunning (author)">Dunning, Brian</a> (17 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://skeptoid.com/episodes/4906">"Skeptoid #906: Unraveling the Myth of Nazareth"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Brian_Dunning_(author)#Skeptoid_podcasts" title="Brian Dunning (author)">Skeptoid</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Skeptoid&rft.atitle=Skeptoid+%23906%3A+Unraveling+the+Myth+of+Nazareth.&rft.date=2023-10-17&rft.aulast=Dunning&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fskeptoid.com%2Fepisodes%2F4906&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANazareth" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arab_localities_in_Israel509" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab_localities_in_Israel_footer" title="Template:Arab localities in Israel footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab_localities_in_Israel_footer" title="Template talk:Arab localities in Israel footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab_localities_in_Israel_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab localities in Israel footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arab_localities_in_Israel509" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arab_localities_in_Israel" title="Arab localities in Israel">Arab localities in Israel</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_District_(Israel)" title="Central District (Israel)">Central District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaljulia" title="Jaljulia">Jaljulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Bara" title="Kafr Bara">Kafr Bara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Qasim" title="Kafr Qasim">Kafr Qasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayibe" title="Tayibe">Tayibe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tira,_Israel" title="Tira, Israel">Tira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zemer" title="Zemer">Zemer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Haifa_District" title="Haifa District">Haifa District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ar%27ara" title="Ar'ara">Ar'ara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Ara" title="'Ara">'Ara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baqa_al-Gharbiyye" title="Baqa al-Gharbiyye">Baqa al-Gharbiyye</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baqa-Jatt" title="Baqa-Jatt">Baqa-Jatt</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basma" title="Basma">Basma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barta%27a" title="Barta'a">Barta'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_as-Sahla" title="Ein as-Sahla">Ein as-Sahla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%27awiya,_Basma" title="Mu'awiya, Basma">Mu'awiya</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carmel_City" title="Carmel City">Carmel City</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daliyat_al-Karmel" title="Daliyat al-Karmel">Daliyat al-Karmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fureidis" title="Fureidis">Fureidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hof_HaCarmel_Regional_Council" title="Hof HaCarmel Regional Council">Hof HaCarmel Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Hawd" title="Ein Hawd">Ein Hawd</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isfiya" title="Isfiya">Isfiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatt,_Israel" title="Jatt, Israel">Jatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jisr_az-Zarqa" title="Jisr az-Zarqa">Jisr az-Zarqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Qara" title="Kafr Qara">Kafr Qara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27ale_Iron" title="Ma'ale Iron">Ma'ale Iron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayada,_Ma%27ale_Iron" title="Bayada, Ma'ale Iron">Bayada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musmus" title="Musmus">Musmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musheirifa" title="Musheirifa">Musheirifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem,_Ma%27ale_Iron" title="Salem, Ma'ale Iron">Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalafa" title="Zalafa">Zalafa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menashe_Regional_Council" title="Menashe Regional Council">Menashe Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Arian" title="Al-Arian">Al-Arian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meiser" title="Meiser">Meiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Qutuf" title="Umm al-Qutuf">Umm al-Qutuf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Fahm" title="Umm al-Fahm">Umm al-Fahm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zevulun_Regional_Council" title="Zevulun Regional Council">Zevulun Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibtin" title="Ibtin">Ibtin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khawaled" title="Khawaled">Khawaled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_Ali" title="Ras Ali">Ras Ali</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_District" title="Jerusalem District">Jerusalem District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ghosh" title="Abu Ghosh">Abu Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Jimal" title="Beit Jimal">Beit Jimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Safafa" title="Beit Safafa">Beit Safafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mateh_Yehuda_Regional_Council" title="Mateh Yehuda Regional Council">Mateh Yehuda Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Naqquba" title="Ein Naqquba">Ein Naqquba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Rafa" title="Ein Rafa">Ein Rafa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occupied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Tor" title="Abu Tor">Abu Tor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Hanina" title="Beit Hanina">Beit Hanina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Quarter" title="Christian Quarter">Christian Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isawiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Isawiya">Isawiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabel_Mukaber" title="Jabel Mukaber">Jabel Mukaber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Quarter_(Jerusalem)" title="Muslim Quarter (Jerusalem)">Muslim Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_al-Amud" title="Ras al-Amud">Ras al-Amud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Jarrah" title="Sheikh Jarrah">Sheikh Jarrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuafat" title="Shuafat">Shuafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silwan" title="Silwan">Silwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sur_Baher" title="Sur Baher">Sur Baher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/At-Tur_(Mount_of_Olives)" class="mw-redirect" title="At-Tur (Mount of Olives)">At-Tur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Tuba" title="Umm Tuba">Umm Tuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_al-Joz" title="Wadi al-Joz">Wadi al-Joz</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Northern District (Israel)">Northern District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%27Akbara" title="'Akbara">'Akbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Snan" title="Abu Snan">Abu Snan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Batuf_Regional_Council" title="Al-Batuf Regional Council">Al-Batuf Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamaam,_Israel" title="Hamaam, Israel">Hamaam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumana,_Israel" title="Rumana, Israel">Rumana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumat_al-Heib" title="Rumat al-Heib">Rumat al-Heib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzeir" title="Uzeir">Uzeir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arraba,_Israel" title="Arraba, Israel">Arraba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beitegen" class="mw-redirect" title="Beitegen">Beitegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bi%27ina" title="Bi'ina">Bi'ina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bir_al-Maksur" title="Bir al-Maksur">Bir al-Maksur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu%27eine_Nujeidat" title="Bu'eine Nujeidat">Bu'eine Nujeidat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bustan_al-Marj_Regional_Council" title="Bustan al-Marj Regional Council">Bustan al-Marj Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Dahi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ed Dahi">Ed Dahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Misr" title="Kafr Misr">Kafr Misr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nein" title="Nein">Nein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulam" title="Sulam">Sulam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daburiyya" title="Daburiyya">Daburiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_al-Asad" title="Deir al-Asad">Deir al-Asad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_Hanna" title="Deir Hanna">Deir Hanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eilabun" title="Eilabun">Eilabun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Mahil" title="Ein Mahil">Ein Mahil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fassuta" title="Fassuta">Fassuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilboa_Regional_Council" title="Gilboa Regional Council">Gilboa Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muqeible" title="Muqeible">Muqeible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na%27ura" title="Na'ura">Na'ura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandala_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandala (town)">Sandala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamra,_Galilee" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamra, Galilee">Tamra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taibe,_Galilee" title="Taibe, Galilee">Taibe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurfeish" title="Hurfeish">Hurfeish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%27billin" title="I'billin">I'billin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iksal" title="Iksal">Iksal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilut" title="Ilut">Ilut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadeidi-Makr" title="Jadeidi-Makr">Jadeidi-Makr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezreel_Valley_Regional_Council" title="Jezreel Valley Regional Council">Jezreel Valley Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manshiya_Zabda" title="Manshiya Zabda">Manshiya Zabda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suweid_Hamira" title="Suweid Hamira">Suweid Hamira</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jish" title="Jish">Jish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julis" title="Julis">Julis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%27abiyye-Tabbash-Hajajre" title="Ka'abiyye-Tabbash-Hajajre">Ka'abiyye-Tabbash-Hajajre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul,_Israel" title="Kabul, Israel">Kabul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Kanna" title="Kafr Kanna">Kafr Kanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Manda" title="Kafr Manda">Kafr Manda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Yasif" title="Kafr Yasif">Kafr Yasif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaukab_Abu_al-Hija" title="Kaukab Abu al-Hija">Kaukab Abu al-Hija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kisra-Sumei" title="Kisra-Sumei">Kisra-Sumei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghar,_Israel" title="Maghar, Israel">Maghar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majd_al-Krum" title="Majd al-Krum">Majd al-Krum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashhad,_Israel" title="Mashhad, Israel">Mashhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mateh_Asher_Regional_Council" title="Mateh Asher Regional Council">Mateh Asher Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-Aramshe" title="Arab al-Aramshe">Arab al-Aramshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Danun" title="Sheikh Danun">Sheikh Danun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazra%27a" title="Mazra'a">Mazra'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merom_HaGalil_Regional_Council" title="Merom HaGalil Regional Council">Merom HaGalil Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ein_al-Asad" title="Ein al-Asad">Ein al-Asad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%27ilya" title="Mi'ilya">Mi'ilya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misgav_Regional_Council" title="Misgav Regional Council">Misgav Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-Na%27im" title="Arab al-Na'im">Arab al-Na'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamdon" title="Hamdon">Hamdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmeide" title="Dmeide">Dmeide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussniyya" title="Hussniyya">Hussniyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamanneh" title="Kamanneh">Kamanneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_al-Ein" title="Ras al-Ein">Ras al-Ein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sallama" title="Sallama">Sallama</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahf" title="Nahf">Nahf</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peki%27in" title="Peki'in">Peki'in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rameh" title="Rameh">Rameh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reineh" title="Reineh">Reineh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajur" title="Sajur">Sajur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhnin" title="Sakhnin">Sakhnin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sha%27ab,_Israel" title="Sha'ab, Israel">Sha'ab</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shaghur,_Israel" title="Shaghur, Israel">Shaghur</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shefa-%27Amr" class="mw-redirect" title="Shefa-'Amr">Shefa-'Amr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibli%E2%80%93Umm_al-Ghanam" title="Shibli–Umm al-Ghanam">Shibli–Umm al-Ghanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamra" title="Tamra">Tamra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuba-Zangariyye" title="Tuba-Zangariyye">Tuba-Zangariyye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tur%27an" title="Tur'an">Tur'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yafa_an-Naseriyye" title="Yafa an-Naseriyye">Yafa an-Naseriyye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanuh-Jat" title="Yanuh-Jat">Yanuh-Jat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarka" title="Yarka">Yarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarzir" title="Zarzir">Zarzir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occupied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buq%27ata" title="Buq'ata">Buq'ata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Qiniyye" title="Ein Qiniyye">Ein Qiniyye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghajar" title="Ghajar">Ghajar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majdal_Shams" title="Majdal Shams">Majdal Shams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mas%27ade" title="Mas'ade">Mas'ade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_District_(Israel)" title="Southern District (Israel)">Southern District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abu_Basma_Regional_Council" title="Abu Basma Regional Council">Abu Basma Regional Council</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ar%27arat_an-Naqab" title="Ar'arat an-Naqab">Ar'arat an-Naqab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kasom_Regional_Council" title="Al-Kasom Regional Council">Al-Kasom Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sayyid,_Israel" title="Al-Sayyid, Israel">al-Sayyid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drijat" title="Drijat">Drijat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukhleh" title="Kukhleh">Kukhleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhul" title="Makhul">Makhul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulada" title="Mulada">Mulada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirabin_al-Sana" title="Tirabin al-Sana">Tirabin al-Sana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Batin" title="Umm Batin">Umm Batin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hura" title="Hura">Hura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuseife" title="Kuseife">Kuseife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neve_Midbar_Regional_Council" title="Neve Midbar Regional Council">Neve Midbar Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Talul" title="Abu Talul">Abu Talul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Qrenat" title="Abu Qrenat">Abu Qrenat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bir_Hadaj" title="Bir Hadaj">Bir Hadaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasr_al-Sir" title="Qasr al-Sir">Qasr al-Sir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakiya" title="Lakiya">Lakiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahat" title="Rahat">Rahat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaqib_al-Salam" title="Shaqib al-Salam">Shaqib al-Salam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Sheva" title="Tel Sheva">Tel Sheva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unrecognized_Bedouin_villages_in_Israel" title="Unrecognized Bedouin villages in Israel">Unrecognized Bedouin villages in Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Arad,_Israel" title="Tel Arad, Israel">Tel Ara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Hiran" title="Umm al-Hiran">Umm al-Hiran</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mixed_cities" title="Mixed cities">Mixed cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbas,_Haifa" title="Abbas, Haifa">Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Colony,_Haifa" title="German Colony, Haifa">German Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halisa" title="Halisa">Halisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kababir" title="Kababir">Kababir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Nisnas" title="Wadi Nisnas">Wadi Nisnas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajami,_Jaffa" title="Ajami, Jaffa">Ajami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giv%27at_Aliyah" title="Giv'at Aliyah">Giv'at Aliyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Jaffa" title="Old Jaffa">Old Jaffa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lod" title="Lod">Lod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27alot-Tarshiha" title="Ma'alot-Tarshiha">Ma'alot-Tarshiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nof_HaGalil" title="Nof HaGalil">Nof HaGalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramla" title="Ramla">Ramla</a></li> <li>Cooperative village <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neve_Shalom" title="Neve Shalom">Neve Shalom</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/16px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/24px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Israel" title="Portal:Israel">Israel portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Arab_localities_in_Israel" title="Category:Arab localities in Israel">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Northern_District_of_Israel182" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Template:Northern District (Israel)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Template talk:Northern District (Israel)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Northern District (Israel)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Northern_District_of_Israel182" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Northern District (Israel)">Northern District</a> of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/City_council_(Israel)" title="City council (Israel)">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afula" title="Afula">Afula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27an" title="Beit She'an">Beit She'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karmiel" title="Karmiel">Karmiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Shmona" title="Kiryat Shmona">Kiryat Shmona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27alot-Tarshiha" title="Ma'alot-Tarshiha">Ma'alot-Tarshiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghar,_Israel" title="Maghar, Israel">Maghar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migdal_HaEmek" title="Migdal HaEmek">Migdal HaEmek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahariya" title="Nahariya">Nahariya</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nof_HaGalil" title="Nof HaGalil">Nof HaGalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safed" title="Safed">Safed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhnin" title="Sakhnin">Sakhnin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shefa-%27Amr" class="mw-redirect" title="Shefa-'Amr">Shefa-'Amr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamra" title="Tamra">Tamra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokneam_Illit" title="Yokneam Illit">Yokneam Illit</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Northern_District_in_Israel_(%2Bdisputed_hatched).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Northern_District_in_Israel_%28%2Bdisputed_hatched%29.svg/50px-Northern_District_in_Israel_%28%2Bdisputed_hatched%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Northern_District_in_Israel_%28%2Bdisputed_hatched%29.svg/75px-Northern_District_in_Israel_%28%2Bdisputed_hatched%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Northern_District_in_Israel_%28%2Bdisputed_hatched%29.svg/100px-Northern_District_in_Israel_%28%2Bdisputed_hatched%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="1141" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Local_council_(Israel)" title="Local council (Israel)">Local councils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Snan" title="Abu Snan">Abu Snan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arraba,_Israel" title="Arraba, Israel">Arraba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basmat_Tab%27un" title="Basmat Tab'un">Basmat Tab'un</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beitegen" class="mw-redirect" title="Beitegen">Beitegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bi%27ina" title="Bi'ina">Bi'ina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bir_al-Maksur" title="Bir al-Maksur">Bir al-Maksur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu%27eine_Nujeidat" title="Bu'eine Nujeidat">Bu'eine Nujeidat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daburiyya" title="Daburiyya">Daburiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_al-Asad" title="Deir al-Asad">Deir al-Asad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_Hanna" title="Deir Hanna">Deir Hanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eilabun" title="Eilabun">Eilabun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Mahil" title="Ein Mahil">Ein Mahil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fassuta" title="Fassuta">Fassuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurfeish" title="Hurfeish">Hurfeish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatzor_HaGlilit" title="Hatzor HaGlilit">Hatzor HaGlilit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%27billin" title="I'billin">I'billin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iksal" title="Iksal">Iksal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilut" title="Ilut">Ilut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadeidi-Makr" title="Jadeidi-Makr">Jadeidi-Makr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jish" title="Jish">Jish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julis" title="Julis">Julis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%27abiyye-Tabbash-Hajajre" title="Ka'abiyye-Tabbash-Hajajre">Ka'abiyye-Tabbash-Hajajre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul,_Israel" title="Kabul, Israel">Kabul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Kanna" title="Kafr Kanna">Kafr Kanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Manda" title="Kafr Manda">Kafr Manda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Yasif" title="Kafr Yasif">Kafr Yasif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaukab_Abu_al-Hija" title="Kaukab Abu al-Hija">Kaukab Abu al-Hija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Kama" title="Kfar Kama">Kfar Kama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Tavor" title="Kfar Tavor">Kfar Tavor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Vradim" title="Kfar Vradim">Kfar Vradim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kisra-Sumei" title="Kisra-Sumei">Kisra-Sumei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majd_al-Krum" title="Majd al-Krum">Majd al-Krum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashhad,_Israel" title="Mashhad, Israel">Mashhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazra%27a" title="Mazra'a">Mazra'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metula" title="Metula">Metula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migdal,_Israel" title="Migdal, Israel">Migdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%27ilya" title="Mi'ilya">Mi'ilya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahf" title="Nahf">Nahf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peki%27in" title="Peki'in">Peki'in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramat_Yishai" title="Ramat Yishai">Ramat Yishai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rameh" title="Rameh">Rameh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reineh" title="Reineh">Reineh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_Pinna" title="Rosh Pinna">Rosh Pinna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajur" title="Sajur">Sajur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sha%27ab,_Israel" title="Sha'ab, Israel">Sha'ab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlomi,_Israel" title="Shlomi, Israel">Shlomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibli%E2%80%93Umm_al-Ghanam" title="Shibli–Umm al-Ghanam">Shibli–Umm al-Ghanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuba-Zangariyye" title="Tuba-Zangariyye">Tuba-Zangariyye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tur%27an" title="Tur'an">Tur'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yafa_an-Naseriyye" title="Yafa an-Naseriyye">Yafa an-Naseriyye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanuh-Jat" title="Yanuh-Jat">Yanuh-Jat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarka" title="Yarka">Yarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavne%27el" title="Yavne'el">Yavne'el</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yesud_HaMa%27ala" title="Yesud HaMa'ala">Yesud HaMa'ala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarzir" title="Zarzir">Zarzir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occupied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buq%27ata" title="Buq'ata">Buq'ata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Qiniyye" title="Ein Qiniyye">Ein Qiniyye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghajar" title="Ghajar">Ghajar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majdal_Shams" title="Majdal Shams">Majdal Shams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mas%27ade" title="Mas'ade">Mas'ade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katzrin" title="Katzrin">Katzrin</a> (Israeli settlement)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regional_council_(Israel)" title="Regional council (Israel)">Regional councils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Batuf_Regional_Council" title="Al-Batuf Regional Council">Al-Batuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emek_HaMaayanot_Regional_Council" title="Emek HaMaayanot Regional Council">Beit She'an Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bustan_al-Marj_Regional_Council" title="Bustan al-Marj Regional Council">Bustan al-Marj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emek_HaYarden_Regional_Council" title="Emek HaYarden Regional Council">Northern Jordan Valley (Emek HaYarden)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilboa_Regional_Council" title="Gilboa Regional Council">Gilboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezreel_Valley_Regional_Council" title="Jezreel Valley Regional Council">Jezreel Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Galilee_Regional_Council" title="Lower Galilee Regional Council">Lower Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27ale_Yosef_Regional_Council" title="Ma'ale Yosef Regional Council">Ma'ale Yosef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mateh_Asher_Regional_Council" title="Mateh Asher Regional Council">Mateh Asher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megiddo_Regional_Council" title="Megiddo Regional Council">Megiddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merom_HaGalil_Regional_Council" title="Merom HaGalil Regional Council">Merom HaGalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mevo%27ot_HaHermon_Regional_Council" title="Mevo'ot HaHermon Regional Council">Mevo'ot HaHermon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misgav_Regional_Council" title="Misgav Regional Council">Misgav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Galilee_Regional_Council" title="Upper Galilee Regional Council">Upper Galilee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occupied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golan_Regional_Council" title="Golan Regional Council">Golan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Israeli_cities115" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Largest_Israeli_cities" title="Template:Largest Israeli cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Largest_Israeli_cities" title="Template talk:Largest Israeli cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Largest_Israeli_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Largest Israeli cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Israeli_cities115" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Israel" title="List of cities in Israel">Israeli cities</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">300,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> <small>(East, West)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000–299,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashdod" title="Ashdod">Ashdod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beersheba" title="Beersheba">Beersheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bnei_Brak" title="Bnei Brak">Bnei Brak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netanya" title="Netanya">Netanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petah_Tikva" title="Petah Tikva">Petah Tikva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishon_LeZion" title="Rishon LeZion">Rishon LeZion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000–199,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkelon" title="Ashkelon">Ashkelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_Yam" title="Bat Yam">Bat Yam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Shemesh" title="Beit Shemesh">Beit Shemesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadera" title="Hadera">Hadera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzliya" title="Herzliya">Herzliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holon" title="Holon">Holon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Saba" title="Kfar Saba">Kfar Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modi%27in-Maccabim-Re%27ut" title="Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut">Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramat_Gan" title="Ramat Gan">Ramat Gan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehovot" title="Rehovot">Rehovot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">50,000–99,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afula" title="Afula">Afula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eilat" title="Eilat">Eilat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El%27ad" title="El'ad">El'ad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givatayim" title="Givatayim">Givatayim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hod_HaSharon" title="Hod HaSharon">Hod HaSharon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Ata" title="Kiryat Ata">Kiryat Ata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Gat" title="Kiryat Gat">Kiryat Gat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lod" title="Lod">Lod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahariya" title="Nahariya">Nahariya</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ness_Ziona" title="Ness Ziona">Ness Ziona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%27anana" title="Ra'anana">Ra'anana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahat" title="Rahat">Rahat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramla" title="Ramla">Ramla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netivot" title="Netivot">Netivot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_HaAyin" title="Rosh HaAyin">Rosh HaAyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Fahm" title="Umm al-Fahm">Umm al-Fahm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavne" title="Yavne">Yavne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15,000–49,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arad,_Israel" title="Arad, Israel">Arad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arraba,_Israel" title="Arraba, Israel">Arraba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baqa_al-Gharbiyye" title="Baqa al-Gharbiyye">Baqa al-Gharbiyye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27an" title="Beit She'an">Beit She'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimona" title="Dimona">Dimona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giv%27at_Shmuel" title="Giv'at Shmuel">Giv'at Shmuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Qasim" title="Kafr Qasim">Kafr Qasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karmiel" title="Karmiel">Karmiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Yona" title="Kfar Yona">Kfar Yona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Bialik" title="Kiryat Bialik">Kiryat Bialik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Malakhi" title="Kiryat Malakhi">Kiryat Malakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Motzkin" title="Kiryat Motzkin">Kiryat Motzkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Ono" title="Kiryat Ono">Kiryat Ono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Shmona" title="Kiryat Shmona">Kiryat Shmona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Yam" title="Kiryat Yam">Kiryat Yam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27alot-Tarshiha" title="Ma'alot-Tarshiha">Ma'alot-Tarshiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migdal_HaEmek" title="Migdal HaEmek">Migdal HaEmek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesher" title="Nesher">Nesher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nof_HaGalil" title="Nof HaGalil">Nof HaGalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofakim" title="Ofakim">Ofakim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Or_Akiva" title="Or Akiva">Or Akiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Or_Yehuda" title="Or Yehuda">Or Yehuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalansawe" title="Qalansawe">Qalansawe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramat_HaSharon" title="Ramat HaSharon">Ramat HaSharon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safed" title="Safed">Safed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhnin" title="Sakhnin">Sakhnin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sderot" title="Sderot">Sderot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shefa-Amr" title="Shefa-Amr">Shefa-Amr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamra" title="Tamra">Tamra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayibe" title="Tayibe">Tayibe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tira,_Israel" title="Tira, Israel">Tira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirat_Carmel" title="Tirat Carmel">Tirat Carmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehud-Monosson" title="Yehud-Monosson">Yehud-Monosson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokneam_Illit" title="Yokneam Illit">Yokneam Illit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_Testament_places_associated_with_Jesus206" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#EEE8AA;background-color:#EEE8AA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Testament_places_associated_with_Jesus" title="Template:New Testament places associated with Jesus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Testament_places_associated_with_Jesus" title="Template talk:New Testament places associated with Jesus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Testament_places_associated_with_Jesus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Testament places associated with Jesus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_Testament_places_associated_with_Jesus206" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_places_associated_with_Jesus" title="New Testament places associated with Jesus">New Testament places associated with Jesus</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#EEE8AA;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86non" class="mw-redirect" title="Ænon">Aenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethsaida" title="Bethsaida">Bethsaida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cana" title="Cana">Cana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capernaum" title="Capernaum">Capernaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Karraza" class="mw-redirect" title="Khirbat Karraza">Chorazin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinneret_(archaeological_site)" title="Kinneret (archaeological site)">Gennesaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_of_Transfiguration" title="Mount of Transfiguration">Mount of Transfiguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nein" title="Nein">Nain</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#EEE8AA;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethany" title="Bethany">Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pool_of_Bethesda" title="Pool of Bethesda">Bethesda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethphage" title="Bethphage">Bethphage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvary" title="Calvary">Calvary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmaus" title="Emmaus">Emmaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabbatha" title="Gabbatha">Gabbatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gethsemane" title="Gethsemane">Gethsemane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">Jericho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">Jerusalem Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_of_Olives" title="Mount of Olives">Mount of Olives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#EEE8AA;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Maghtas" title="Al-Maghtas">Bethabara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Caesarea Maritima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Philippi" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesarea Philippi">Caesarea Philippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_into_Egypt" title="Flight into Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerash" title="Jerash">Gerasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_Paul_the_Apostle" title="Conversion of Paul the Apostle">Road to Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shechem" title="Shechem">Sychar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Qais" title="Umm Qais">Umm Qais</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#EEE8AA"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/138374209">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1209499/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Nazareth"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4041463-2">Germany</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="an- Nāṣira"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/5096021-0">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80093429">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122205922">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122205922">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Nazaret (Izrael)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge291844&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007554925105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/0f01a27e-09f9-46f6-a987-030cf5c565e0">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/678299">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030878179">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044361">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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