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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B1" title="ألبرت فون كوليكر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألبرت فون كوليكر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="আলবার্ট ভন কলিকার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আলবার্ট ভন কলিকার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_von_K%C3%B6lliker" title="Albert von Kölliker – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Albert von Kölliker" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_von_Koelliker" title="Albert von Koelliker – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Albert von Koelliker" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolph_Albert_von_K%C3%B6lliker" title="Rudolph Albert von Kölliker – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rudolph Albert von Kölliker" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_von_K%C3%B6lliker" title="Albert von Kölliker – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Albert von Kölliker" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1" title="آلبرت فون کولیکر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلبرت فون کولیکر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_von_K%C3%B6lliker" title="Albert von Kölliker – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Albert von Kölliker" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Albert_von_K%C3%B6lliker" title="Rudolf Albert von Kölliker – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rudolf Albert von Kölliker" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A8" title="אלברט פון קליקר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלברט פון קליקר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B1" title="البرت فون كوليكر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="البرت فون كوليكر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_von_K%C3%B6lliker" title="Albert von Kölliker – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Albert von Kölliker" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC" title="アルベルト・フォン・ケリカー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルベルト・フォン・ケリカー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_von_K%C3%B6lliker" title="Albert von Kölliker – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Albert von Kölliker" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_von_K%C3%B6lliker" title="Albert von Kölliker – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Albert von Kölliker" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_von_K%C3%B6lliker" title="Albert von Kölliker – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Albert von Kölliker" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Кёлликер, Альберт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кёлликер, Альберт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_von_K%C3%B6lliker" title="Albert von Kölliker – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Albert von Kölliker" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Алберт фон Келикер – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алберт фон Келикер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_von_K%C3%B6lliker" title="Albert von Kölliker – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Albert von Kölliker" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Albert_von_K%C3%B6lliker" title="Rudolf Albert von Kölliker – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Rudolf Albert von Kölliker" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_von_K%C3%B6lliker" title="Albert von Kölliker – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Albert von Kölliker" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Рудольф Альберт Келлікер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рудольф Альберт Келлікер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%9D%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9%E5%85%8B" title="阿尔贝特·冯·克利克 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿尔贝特·冯·克利克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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It allows adding a reason in the summary.">undo</a></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:JJMC89_bot_III" class="mw-userlink" title="User:JJMC89 bot III" data-mw-revid="1245493988"><bdi>JJMC89 bot III</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:JJMC89_bot_III" class="mw-redirect mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:JJMC89 bot III">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/JJMC89_bot_III" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/JJMC89 bot III">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bots" title="Wikipedia:Bots">Bots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators" title="Wikipedia:Administrators">Administrators</a></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>3,546,561</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"><abbr class="minoredit" title="This is a minor edit">m</abbr> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses">Moving <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Foreign_Members_of_the_Royal_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Foreign Members of the Royal Society (page does not exist)">Category:Foreign Members of the Royal Society</a> to <a href="/wiki/Category:Foreign_members_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Category:Foreign members of the Royal Society">Category:Foreign members of the Royal Society</a> per <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories_for_discussion/Speedy" title="Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Speedy">Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Speedy</a></span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"> </div></td> </tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="diff-multi" lang="en">(20 intermediate revisions by 14 users not shown)</td></tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>{{Short description|Swiss anatomist, physiologist, and histologist}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>{{Infobox scientist</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>{{Infobox scientist</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 5:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 6:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>| image_size = 250px</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>| image_size = 250px</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>| birth_date = {{Birth date|1817|7|6|df=y}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>| birth_date = {{Birth date|1817|7|6|df=y}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>| birth_place = [[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Zurich</del>]], [[Switzerland]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| birth_place = [[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Zürich</ins>]], [[Switzerland]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>| death_date = {{death date and age|1905|11|2|1817|7|6|df=y}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>| death_date = {{death date and age|1905|11|2|1817|7|6|df=y}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>| death_place = [[Würzburg]], [[German Empire]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>| death_place = [[Würzburg]], [[German Empire]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 18:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 19:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>'''Albert von Kölliker''' (born '''Rudolf Albert Kölliker''''';'' 6 July 1817<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{{snd}}</del>2 November 1905) was a [[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Switzerland</del>|Swiss]] [[anatomist]], [[physiologist]], and [[Histology|histologist]].</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>'''Albert von Kölliker''' (born '''Rudolf Albert Kölliker''''';'' 6 July 1817<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> – </ins>2 November 1905) was a [[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Swiss people</ins>|Swiss]] [[anatomist]], [[physiologist]], and [[Histology|histologist]].</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>==Biography==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>==Biography==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>Albert Kölliker was born in [[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Zurich</del>]], [[Switzerland]].<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del> His early education was carried on in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Zurich</del>, and he entered the university there in 1836. After two years, however, he moved to the [[University of Bonn]], and later to that of [[Berlin]], becoming a pupil of noted physiologists [[Johannes Peter Müller]] and of [[Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle]]. He graduated in [[philosophy]] at <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Zurich</del> in 1841, and in medicine at [[Heidelberg]] in 1842<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</del> The first academic post which he held was that of [[prosector]] of [[anatomy]] under Henle, but his tenure of this office was brief{{snd}}in 1844 he returned to<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> Zurich</del> University to occupy a chair as professor extraordinary of [[physiology]] and [[comparative anatomy]]. His stay here was also brief; in 1847 the [[University of Würzburg]], attracted by his rising fame, offered him the post of professor of physiology and of microscopical and comparative anatomy. He accepted the appointment, and at Würzburg he remained thenceforth, refusing all offers tempting him to leave the quiet academic life of the [[Bavaria]]n town, where he died.{{sfn|Foster|1911|p=889}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>Albert Kölliker was born in [[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Zürich</ins>]], [[Switzerland]]. His early education was carried on in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Zürich</ins>, and he entered the university there in 1836. After two years, however, he moved to the [[University of Bonn]], and later to that of [[Berlin]], becoming a pupil of noted physiologists [[Johannes Peter Müller]] and of [[Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle]]. He graduated in [[philosophy]] at <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Zürich</ins> in 1841, and in medicine at [[Heidelberg]] in 1842 The first academic post which he held was that of [[prosector]] of [[anatomy]] under Henle, but his tenure of this office was brief{{snd}}in 1844 he returned to University<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> of Zurich</ins> to occupy a chair as professor extraordinary of [[physiology]] and [[comparative anatomy]]. His stay here was also brief; in 1847 the [[University of Würzburg]], attracted by his rising fame, offered him the post of professor of physiology and of microscopical and comparative anatomy. He accepted the appointment, and at Würzburg he remained thenceforth, refusing all offers tempting him to leave the quiet academic life of the [[Bavaria]]n town, where he died.{{sfn|Foster|1911|p=889}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>Many of the numerous memoirs which he published, (including the very first paper he wrote) and which appeared in 1841, before he graduated, were on the structure of animals of the most varied kinds. Notable among these were his papers on the ''[[Medusae]]'' and allied creatures. His activity in this direction led him to make [[zoology|zoological]] excursions to the [[Mediterranean Sea]] and to the coasts of [[Scotland]], as well as to undertake, conjointly with his friend [[Carl Theodor Ernst von Siebold]], the editorship of the ''Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie'', which, founded in 1848, continued under his hands to be one of the most important zoological periodicals.{{sfn|Foster|1911|p=890}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>Many of the numerous memoirs which he published, (including the very first paper he wrote) and which appeared in 1841, before he graduated, were on the structure of animals of the most varied kinds. Notable among these were his papers on the ''[[Medusae]]'' and allied creatures. His activity in this direction led him to make [[zoology|zoological]] excursions to the [[Mediterranean Sea]] and to the coasts of [[Scotland]], as well as to undertake, conjointly with his friend [[Carl Theodor Ernst von Siebold]], the editorship of the ''Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie'', which, founded in 1848, continued under his hands to be one of the most important zoological periodicals.{{sfn|Foster|1911|p=890}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>His hand was one of the first to be x-rayed, by his friend [[Wilhelm <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Roentgen</del>]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.christies.com/lotfinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=5084328|title=RÖNTGEN, Wilhelm Conrad (1845–1923). Ueber eine neue Art von Strahlen (Vorläufige Mittheilung). – Eine neue Art von Strahlen. II. Mittheilung. Offprints from: Sitzungsberichte der Würzburger Physik.-medic. Gesellschaft, 1895 [no. 9], and 1896, [nos. 1–2]. Würzburg: Verlag und Druck der Stahel'schen k. Hof.-und Universitäts- Buch- und Kunsthandlung, 1895–1896.|website=www.christies.com|access-date=3 April 2019}}</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>His hand was one of the first to be x-rayed, by his friend [[Wilhelm <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Röntgen</ins>]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.christies.com/lotfinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=5084328|title=RÖNTGEN, Wilhelm Conrad (1845–1923). Ueber eine neue Art von Strahlen (Vorläufige Mittheilung). – Eine neue Art von Strahlen. II. Mittheilung. Offprints from: Sitzungsberichte der Würzburger Physik.-medic. Gesellschaft, 1895 [no. 9], and 1896, [nos. 1–2]. Würzburg: Verlag und Druck der Stahel'schen k. Hof.-und Universitäts- Buch- und Kunsthandlung, 1895–1896.|website=www.christies.com|access-date=3 April 2019}}</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>[[File:X-ray by Wilhelm Röntgen of Albert von Kölliker's hand - 18960123-02.jpg|thumb|X-ray of Kölliker's hand, made by Röntgen on 23 Jan 1896]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>[[File:X-ray by Wilhelm Röntgen of Albert von Kölliker's hand - 18960123-02.jpg|thumb|X-ray of Kölliker's hand, made by Röntgen on 23 Jan 1896]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>==Works==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>==Works==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>Kölliker made contributions to the study of [[zoology]]. His earlier efforts were directed to the [[invertebrates]], and his memoir on the development of [[cephalopod]]s (which appeared in 1844) is considered a classical work. He soon passed on to the [[vertebrates]], and studied the [[amphibia]]ns and [[mammal]]ian [[embryo]]s. He was among the first, if not the very first, to introduce into this branch of biological inquiry the newer [[microscopy|microscopic technique]] – the methods of hardening, sectioning and [[staining (biology)|staining]]. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">By doing so, not only was he enabled to make rapid progress himself, but he also placed in the hands</del> of<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> others</del> the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">means of a similar advancement. The remarkable strides forward</del> which [[embryology]] made during the middle and latter half of the 19th century <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">will always be</del> associated with his name. His ''Lectures on Development'', published in 1861, at once became a standard work.{{sfn|Foster|1911|p=890}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>Kölliker made contributions to the study of [[zoology]]. His earlier efforts were directed to the [[invertebrates]], and his memoir on the development of [[cephalopod]]s (which appeared in 1844) is considered a classical work. He soon passed on to the [[vertebrates]], and studied the [[amphibia]]ns and [[mammal]]ian [[embryo]]s. He was among the first, if not the very first, to introduce into this branch of biological inquiry the newer [[microscopy|microscopic technique]] – the methods of hardening, sectioning and [[staining (biology)|staining]]. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Much</ins> of the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">progress</ins> which [[embryology]] made during the middle and latter half of the 19th century <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">are</ins> associated with his name.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{{Cn|date=February 2022}}</ins> His ''Lectures on Development'', published in 1861, at once became a standard work.{{sfn|Foster|1911|p=890}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>But neither zoology nor embryology furnished Kölliker's chief claim to fame. If he did much for these branches of science, he did still more for [[histology]], the knowledge of the minute structure of the animal [[Biological tissue|tissues]]. Among his earlier results was the demonstration in 1847 that [[smooth muscle|smooth]] or unstriated muscle is made up of distinct units, of nucleated muscle cells. In this work, he followed in the footsteps of his master Henle. A few years before this, there was doubt whether [[arteries]] had muscle in their walls – in addition, no solid histological basis as yet existed for those views as to the action of the [[nervous system]] on the [[circulatory system|circulation]], which were soon to be put forward, and which had such a great influence on the progress of physiology.{{sfn|Foster|1911|p=890}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>But neither zoology nor embryology furnished Kölliker's chief claim to fame. If he did much for these branches of science, he did still more for [[histology]], the knowledge of the minute structure of the animal [[Biological tissue|tissues]]. Among his earlier results was the demonstration in 1847 that [[smooth muscle|smooth]] or unstriated muscle is made up of distinct units, of nucleated muscle cells. In this work, he followed in the footsteps of his master Henle. A few years before this, there was doubt whether [[arteries]] had muscle in their walls – in addition, no solid histological basis as yet existed for those views as to the action of the [[nervous system]] on the [[circulatory system|circulation]], which were soon to be put forward, and which had such a great influence on the progress of physiology.{{sfn|Foster|1911|p=890}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>Kölliker's contributions to histology were widespread; [[smooth muscle]], [[striated muscle]], [[skin]], [[bone]], [[teeth]], [[blood vessel]]s and [[viscera]] were all investigated by Kölliker<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, and he touched none of them without discovering new truths</del>. The results at which he arrived were recorded partly in separate memoirs, partly in his great textbook on microscopical anatomy, which first saw the light in 1850<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, and by which he advanced histology no less than by his own researches</del>.{{sfn|Foster|1911|p=890}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>Kölliker's contributions to histology were widespread; [[smooth muscle]], [[striated muscle]], [[skin]], [[bone]], [[teeth]], [[blood vessel]]s and [[viscera]] were all investigated by Kölliker. The results at which he arrived were recorded partly in separate memoirs, partly in his great textbook on microscopical anatomy, which first saw the light in 1850.{{sfn|Foster|1911|p=890}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>[[Albert L. Lehninger]] asserted that Kölliker was among the first to notice the arrangement of granules in the [[sarcoplasm]] of striated muscle over a period of years beginning around 1850. These granules were later called sarcosomes by [[Gustaf Retzius|Retzius]] in 1890. These sarcosomes have come to be known as the [[mitochondria]]-the power houses of the cell. In the words of Lehninger, "Kölliker should also be credited with the first separation of mitochondria from cell structure. In 1888 he teased these granules from insect muscle, in which they are very profuse, found them to swell in water, and showed them to possess a [[Inner nuclear membrane|membrane]]."{{Citation needed|date=January 2017}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>[[Albert L. Lehninger]] asserted that Kölliker was among the first to notice the arrangement of granules in the [[sarcoplasm]] of striated muscle over a period of years beginning around 1850. These granules were later called sarcosomes by [[Gustaf Retzius|Retzius]] in 1890. These sarcosomes have come to be known as the [[mitochondria]]-the power houses of the cell. In the words of Lehninger, "Kölliker should also be credited with the first separation of mitochondria from cell structure. In 1888 he teased these granules from insect muscle, in which they are very profuse, found them to swell in water, and showed them to possess a [[Inner nuclear membrane|membrane]]."{{Citation needed|date=January 2017}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>In the case of almost every tissue, our present knowledge contains information first discovered by Kölliker – it is for his work on the [[nervous system]] that his name is most remembered. As early as 1845, while still at <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Zurich</del>, he supplied <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the</del> clear proof that [[nerve fiber]]s are continuous with [[nerve cells]], and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">so furnished</del> the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">absolutely necessary basis</del> for all <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">sound</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">speculations</del> as to the actions of the [[central nervous system]].{{sfn|Foster|1911|p=890}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>In the case of almost every tissue, our present knowledge contains information first discovered by Kölliker – it is for his work on the [[nervous system]] that his name is most remembered. As early as 1845, while still at <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Zürich</ins>, he supplied <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a</ins> clear proof that [[nerve fiber]]s are continuous with [[nerve cells]], and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">laying</ins> the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">groundwork</ins> for all <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">later</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">research</ins> as to the actions of the [[central nervous system]].{{sfn|Foster|1911|p=890}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>From that time onward he continually laboured at the histology of the nervous system, and more especially at the difficult problems presented by the intricate patterns in which [[nerve fiber]]s and [[neuron]]s are woven together in the [[brain]] and [[spinal cord]]. From his early days a master of method, he saw at a glance the value of the new [[Golgi's method|Golgi staining method]] for the investigation of the central nervous system<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, and, to the great benefit of science, took up once more in his old age, with the aid of a new means, the studies for which he had done so much in his youth</del>. Kölliker contributed greatly to knowledge of the inner structure of the [[brain]].{{sfn|Foster|1911|p=890}}<ref>[https://archive.org/details/handbuchdergeweb02kl ''Handbuch der Gewebelehre des Menschen'', t. 2, Leipzig, 1896.] (in German).</ref> In 1889, he reproduces the histological preparations of the father of neuroscience Ramón y Cajal and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">confirms</del> the theory of neuronism.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>From that time onward he continually laboured at the histology of the nervous system, and more especially at the difficult problems presented by the intricate patterns in which [[nerve fiber]]s and [[neuron]]s are woven together in the [[brain]] and [[spinal cord]]. From his early days a master of method, he saw at a glance the value of the new [[Golgi's method|Golgi staining method]] for the investigation of the central nervous system. Kölliker contributed greatly to knowledge of the inner structure of the [[brain]].{{sfn|Foster|1911|p=890}}<ref>[https://archive.org/details/handbuchdergeweb02kl ''Handbuch der Gewebelehre des Menschen'', t. 2, Leipzig, 1896.] (in German).</ref> In 1889, he reproduces the histological preparations of the father of neuroscience<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> [[Santiago</ins> Ramón y Cajal<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|Ramón y Cajal]]</ins> and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">confirmed</ins> the theory of neuronism.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>==Honors==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>==Honors==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_20_0_lhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_18_0_rhs"></a>Kölliker was ennobled by [[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">prince</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">regent</ins>]] [[Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria|Luitpold of Bavaria]] in 1897 and thus permitted to add the predicate "[[von]]" to his surname.{{Citation needed|date=January 2017}} He was made a member of the learned societies of many countries; in [[England]], which he visited more than once, and where he became well known, the [[Royal Society]] made him a fellow in 1860, and in 1897 gave him its highest token of esteem, the [[Copley medal]].{{sfn|Foster|1911|p=890}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_18_0_rhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_20_0_lhs"></a>Kölliker was ennobled by [[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Prince</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Regent</del>]] [[Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria|Luitpold of Bavaria]] in 1897 and thus permitted to add the predicate "[[von]]" to his surname.{{Citation needed|date=January 2017}} He was made a member of the learned societies of many countries; in [[England]], which he visited more than once, and where he became well known, the [[Royal Society]] made him a fellow in 1860, and in 1897 gave him its highest token of esteem, the [[Copley medal]].{{sfn|Foster|1911|p=890}}</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>A species of lizard, ''[[Hyalosaurus koellikeri]]'', is named in his honor.<ref>Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. ("Koelliker", p. 144).</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>A species of lizard, ''[[Hyalosaurus koellikeri]]'', is named in his honor.<ref>Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. ("Koelliker", p. 144).</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 54:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 54:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>In 1864 Kölliker revived [[Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire]]'s theory that [[evolution]] proceeds by large steps ([[saltationism]]), under the name of heterogenesis.<ref>{{cite book |author-link=Sewall Wright |first=Sewall |last=Wright |year=1984 |title=Evolution and the Genetics of Populations: Genetics and Biometric Foundations |volume=1 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/evolutiongenetic0000wrig/page/10 10] |isbn=978-0-226-91049-9 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/evolutiongenetic0000wrig/page/10 }}</ref> Kölliker was a critic of [[Darwinism]] and rejected a [[universal common ancestor]], instead he supported a theory of [[common descent]] along separate lines.<ref>{{cite book |first=Mario A. |last=Di Gregorio |year=2005 |title=From Here to Eternity: Ernst Haeckel and Scientific Faith |publisher=Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht |page=303 |isbn=978-3-525-56972-6 }}</ref> According to [[Alexander Vucinich]] the non-Darwinian evolution theory of Kölliker tied "organic transformism to three general ideas, all contrary to Darwin's view: the multiple origin of living forms, the internal causes of variation, and "sudden leaps" (heterogenesis) in the evolutionary process."<ref>{{cite book |first=Alexander |last=Vucinich |year=1988 |title=Darwin in Russian Thought |publisher=University of California Press |page=137 |isbn=978-0-520-06283-2 }}</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>In 1864 Kölliker revived [[Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire]]'s theory that [[evolution]] proceeds by large steps ([[saltationism]]), under the name of heterogenesis.<ref>{{cite book |author-link=Sewall Wright |first=Sewall |last=Wright |year=1984 |title=Evolution and the Genetics of Populations: Genetics and Biometric Foundations |volume=1 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/evolutiongenetic0000wrig/page/10 10] |isbn=978-0-226-91049-9 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/evolutiongenetic0000wrig/page/10 }}</ref> Kölliker was a critic of [[Darwinism]] and rejected a [[universal common ancestor]], instead he supported a theory of [[common descent]] along separate lines.<ref>{{cite book |first=Mario A. |last=Di Gregorio |year=2005 |title=From Here to Eternity: Ernst Haeckel and Scientific Faith |publisher=Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht |page=303 |isbn=978-3-525-56972-6 }}</ref> According to [[Alexander Vucinich]] the non-Darwinian evolution theory of Kölliker tied "organic transformism to three general ideas, all contrary to Darwin's view: the multiple origin of living forms, the internal causes of variation, and "sudden leaps" (heterogenesis) in the evolutionary process."<ref>{{cite book |first=Alexander |last=Vucinich |year=1988 |title=Darwin in Russian Thought |publisher=University of California Press |page=137 |isbn=978-0-520-06283-2 }}</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>Kölliker claimed that heterogenesis functioned according to a general law of evolutionary progress, [[orthogenesis]].<ref>{{cite book |author-link=Thomas F. Glick |first=Thomas F. |last=Glick |year=1988 |title=The Comparative Reception of Darwinism |publisher=University of Chicago Press |page=99 |isbn=978-0-226-29977-8<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del>}}</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>Kölliker claimed that heterogenesis functioned according to a general law of evolutionary progress, [[orthogenesis]].<ref>{{cite book |author-link=Thomas F. Glick |first=Thomas F. |last=Glick |year=1988 |title=The Comparative Reception of Darwinism |publisher=University of Chicago Press |page=99 |isbn=978-0-226-29977-8}}</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>==Notes==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>==Notes==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 63:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 63:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>==Further reading==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>==Further reading==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>*{{Cite journal|pmid = 4880509|year=1968|title=Albert von Kölliker (1817–1905) Würzburger histologist|volume=206|issue=9|journal=[[Journal of the American Medical Association|JAMA]]|pages=2111–2|doi = 10.1001/jama.206.9.2111}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>*{{Cite journal</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>* {{Cite web|year=1964|title=The Mitochondrion|url=https://archive.org/details/mitochondrionmol0000lehn|url-access=registration|author=Albert L. Lehninger}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>|pmid = 4880509</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>|year=1968</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>|title=Albert von Kölliker (1817–1905) Würzburger histologist</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>|volume=206</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>|issue=9</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>|journal=[[Journal of the American Medical Association|JAMA]]</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>|pages=2111–2</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>|doi = 10.1001/jama.206.9.2111</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>}}</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>* {{Cite web</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>|year=1964</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>|title=The Mitochondrion</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>|url=https://archive.org/details/mitochondrionmol0000lehn</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>|url-access=registration</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>|author=Albert L. Lehninger</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>}}</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>== External links ==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>== External links ==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 86:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 71:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>* {{OL author}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>* {{OL author}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>* {{Internet Archive author|sopt=t}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>* {{Internet Archive author|sopt=t}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>* {{Worldcat id|lccn-n85822229}}</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>{{Copley Medallists 1851–1900|state=collapsed}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>{{Copley Medallists 1851–1900|state=collapsed}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 95:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 79:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>[[Category:1905 deaths]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>[[Category:1905 deaths]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>[[Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>[[Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>[[Category:Foreign <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Members</del> of the Royal Society]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>[[Category:Foreign <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">members</ins> of the Royal Society]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>[[Category:Histologists]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>[[Category:Histologists]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>[[Category:History of neuroscience]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>[[Category:History of neuroscience]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 102:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 86:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>[[Category:Swiss biologists]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>[[Category:Swiss biologists]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>[[Category:Swiss neuroscientists]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>[[Category:Swiss neuroscientists]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>[[Category:Swiss zoologists]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>[[Category:<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">19th-century </ins>Swiss zoologists]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>[[Category:University of Bonn alumni]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>[[Category:University of Bonn alumni]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>[[Category:Recipients of the Cothenius Medal]]</div></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Latest revision as of 09:03, 13 September 2024</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Swiss anatomist, physiologist, and histologist</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Rudolf Albert von Kölliker</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:K%C3%B6lliker_Rudolph_Albert_von_1818-1902.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/K%C3%B6lliker_Rudolph_Albert_von_1818-1902.jpg/250px-K%C3%B6lliker_Rudolph_Albert_von_1818-1902.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/K%C3%B6lliker_Rudolph_Albert_von_1818-1902.jpg/375px-K%C3%B6lliker_Rudolph_Albert_von_1818-1902.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/K%C3%B6lliker_Rudolph_Albert_von_1818-1902.jpg/500px-K%C3%B6lliker_Rudolph_Albert_von_1818-1902.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2600" data-file-height="3480" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Rudolf Albert Kölliker</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1817-07-06</span>)</span>6 July 1817<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">2 November 1905<span style="display:none">(1905-11-02)</span> (aged 88)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Würzburg">Würzburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Swiss</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Zurich" title="University of Zurich">University of Zurich</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bonn" title="University of Bonn">University of Bonn</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin" title="Humboldt University of Berlin">University of Berlin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Contributions to <a href="/wiki/Zoology" title="Zoology">zoology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Copley_Medal" title="Copley Medal">Copley Medal</a> <small>(1897)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Linnean_Medal" title="Linnean Medal">Linnean Medal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1902)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Anatomy" title="Anatomy">Anatomy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">physiology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Peter_M%C3%BCller" title="Johannes Peter Müller">Johannes Peter Müller</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Gustav_Jakob_Henle" title="Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle">Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Albert von Kölliker</b> (born <b>Rudolf Albert Kölliker</b><i>;</i> 6 July 1817 – 2 November 1905) was a <a href="/wiki/Swiss_people" title="Swiss people">Swiss</a> <a href="/wiki/Anatomist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatomist">anatomist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physiologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Physiologist">physiologist</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Histology" title="Histology">histologist</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_von_K%C3%B6lliker&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Albert Kölliker was born in <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>. His early education was carried on in Zürich, and he entered the university there in 1836. After two years, however, he moved to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bonn" title="University of Bonn">University of Bonn</a>, and later to that of <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, becoming a pupil of noted physiologists <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Peter_M%C3%BCller" title="Johannes Peter Müller">Johannes Peter Müller</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Gustav_Jakob_Henle" title="Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle">Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle</a>. He graduated in <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a> at Zürich in 1841, and in medicine at <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a> in 1842 The first academic post which he held was that of <a href="/wiki/Prosector" title="Prosector">prosector</a> of <a href="/wiki/Anatomy" title="Anatomy">anatomy</a> under Henle, but his tenure of this office was brief – in 1844 he returned to University of Zurich to occupy a chair as professor extraordinary of <a href="/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">physiology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Comparative_anatomy" title="Comparative anatomy">comparative anatomy</a>. His stay here was also brief; in 1847 the <a href="/wiki/University_of_W%C3%BCrzburg" title="University of Würzburg">University of Würzburg</a>, attracted by his rising fame, offered him the post of professor of physiology and of microscopical and comparative anatomy. He accepted the appointment, and at Würzburg he remained thenceforth, refusing all offers tempting him to leave the quiet academic life of the <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavarian</a> town, where he died.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1911889_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1911889-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of the numerous memoirs which he published, (including the very first paper he wrote) and which appeared in 1841, before he graduated, were on the structure of animals of the most varied kinds. Notable among these were his papers on the <i><a href="/wiki/Medusae" class="mw-redirect" title="Medusae">Medusae</a></i> and allied creatures. His activity in this direction led him to make <a href="/wiki/Zoology" title="Zoology">zoological</a> excursions to the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> and to the coasts of <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, as well as to undertake, conjointly with his friend <a href="/wiki/Carl_Theodor_Ernst_von_Siebold" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Theodor Ernst von Siebold">Carl Theodor Ernst von Siebold</a>, the editorship of the <i>Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie</i>, which, founded in 1848, continued under his hands to be one of the most important zoological periodicals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1911890_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1911890-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His hand was one of the first to be x-rayed, by his friend <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen" title="Wilhelm Röntgen">Wilhelm Röntgen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:X-ray_by_Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen_of_Albert_von_K%C3%B6lliker%27s_hand_-_18960123-02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/X-ray_by_Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen_of_Albert_von_K%C3%B6lliker%27s_hand_-_18960123-02.jpg/220px-X-ray_by_Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen_of_Albert_von_K%C3%B6lliker%27s_hand_-_18960123-02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="345" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/X-ray_by_Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen_of_Albert_von_K%C3%B6lliker%27s_hand_-_18960123-02.jpg/330px-X-ray_by_Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen_of_Albert_von_K%C3%B6lliker%27s_hand_-_18960123-02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/X-ray_by_Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen_of_Albert_von_K%C3%B6lliker%27s_hand_-_18960123-02.jpg/440px-X-ray_by_Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen_of_Albert_von_K%C3%B6lliker%27s_hand_-_18960123-02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="738" /></a><figcaption>X-ray of Kölliker's hand, made by Röntgen on 23 Jan 1896</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_von_K%C3%B6lliker&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kölliker made contributions to the study of <a href="/wiki/Zoology" title="Zoology">zoology</a>. His earlier efforts were directed to the <a href="/wiki/Invertebrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Invertebrates">invertebrates</a>, and his memoir on the development of <a href="/wiki/Cephalopod" title="Cephalopod">cephalopods</a> (which appeared in 1844) is considered a classical work. He soon passed on to the <a href="/wiki/Vertebrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebrates">vertebrates</a>, and studied the <a href="/wiki/Amphibia" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphibia">amphibians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammalian</a> <a href="/wiki/Embryo" title="Embryo">embryos</a>. He was among the first, if not the very first, to introduce into this branch of biological inquiry the newer <a href="/wiki/Microscopy" title="Microscopy">microscopic technique</a> – the methods of hardening, sectioning and <a href="/wiki/Staining_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Staining (biology)">staining</a>. Much of the progress which <a href="/wiki/Embryology" title="Embryology">embryology</a> made during the middle and latter half of the 19th century are associated with his name.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> His <i>Lectures on Development</i>, published in 1861, at once became a standard work.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1911890_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1911890-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>But neither zoology nor embryology furnished Kölliker's chief claim to fame. If he did much for these branches of science, he did still more for <a href="/wiki/Histology" title="Histology">histology</a>, the knowledge of the minute structure of the animal <a href="/wiki/Biological_tissue" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological tissue">tissues</a>. Among his earlier results was the demonstration in 1847 that <a href="/wiki/Smooth_muscle" title="Smooth muscle">smooth</a> or unstriated muscle is made up of distinct units, of nucleated muscle cells. In this work, he followed in the footsteps of his master Henle. A few years before this, there was doubt whether <a href="/wiki/Arteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Arteries">arteries</a> had muscle in their walls – in addition, no solid histological basis as yet existed for those views as to the action of the <a href="/wiki/Nervous_system" title="Nervous system">nervous system</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Circulatory_system" title="Circulatory system">circulation</a>, which were soon to be put forward, and which had such a great influence on the progress of physiology.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1911890_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1911890-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kölliker's contributions to histology were widespread; <a href="/wiki/Smooth_muscle" title="Smooth muscle">smooth muscle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Striated_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Striated muscle">striated muscle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skin" title="Skin">skin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bone" title="Bone">bone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teeth" class="mw-redirect" title="Teeth">teeth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blood_vessel" title="Blood vessel">blood vessels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Viscera" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscera">viscera</a> were all investigated by Kölliker. The results at which he arrived were recorded partly in separate memoirs, partly in his great textbook on microscopical anatomy, which first saw the light in 1850.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1911890_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1911890-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Albert_L._Lehninger" title="Albert L. Lehninger">Albert L. Lehninger</a> asserted that Kölliker was among the first to notice the arrangement of granules in the <a href="/wiki/Sarcoplasm" title="Sarcoplasm">sarcoplasm</a> of striated muscle over a period of years beginning around 1850. These granules were later called sarcosomes by <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Retzius" title="Gustaf Retzius">Retzius</a> in 1890. These sarcosomes have come to be known as the <a href="/wiki/Mitochondria" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitochondria">mitochondria</a>-the power houses of the cell. In the words of Lehninger, "Kölliker should also be credited with the first separation of mitochondria from cell structure. In 1888 he teased these granules from insect muscle, in which they are very profuse, found them to swell in water, and showed them to possess a <a href="/wiki/Inner_nuclear_membrane" class="mw-redirect" title="Inner nuclear membrane">membrane</a>."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the case of almost every tissue, our present knowledge contains information first discovered by Kölliker – it is for his work on the <a href="/wiki/Nervous_system" title="Nervous system">nervous system</a> that his name is most remembered. As early as 1845, while still at Zürich, he supplied a clear proof that <a href="/wiki/Nerve_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Nerve fiber">nerve fibers</a> are continuous with <a href="/wiki/Nerve_cells" class="mw-redirect" title="Nerve cells">nerve cells</a>, and laying the groundwork for all later research as to the actions of the <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1911890_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1911890-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From that time onward he continually laboured at the histology of the nervous system, and more especially at the difficult problems presented by the intricate patterns in which <a href="/wiki/Nerve_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Nerve fiber">nerve fibers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron">neurons</a> are woven together in the <a href="/wiki/Brain" title="Brain">brain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spinal_cord" title="Spinal cord">spinal cord</a>. From his early days a master of method, he saw at a glance the value of the new <a href="/wiki/Golgi%27s_method" title="Golgi's method">Golgi staining method</a> for the investigation of the central nervous system. Kölliker contributed greatly to knowledge of the inner structure of the <a href="/wiki/Brain" title="Brain">brain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1911890_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1911890-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1889, he reproduces the histological preparations of the father of neuroscience <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal" title="Santiago Ramón y Cajal">Ramón y Cajal</a> and confirmed the theory of neuronism. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors">Honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_von_K%C3%B6lliker&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kölliker was ennobled by <a href="/wiki/Prince_regent" title="Prince regent">prince regent</a> <a href="/wiki/Luitpold,_Prince_Regent_of_Bavaria" title="Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria">Luitpold of Bavaria</a> in 1897 and thus permitted to add the predicate "<a href="/wiki/Von" title="Von">von</a>" to his surname.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He was made a member of the learned societies of many countries; in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, which he visited more than once, and where he became well known, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> made him a fellow in 1860, and in 1897 gave him its highest token of esteem, the <a href="/wiki/Copley_medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Copley medal">Copley medal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1911890_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1911890-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A species of lizard, <i><a href="/wiki/Hyalosaurus_koellikeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyalosaurus koellikeri">Hyalosaurus koellikeri</a></i>, is named in his honor.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1213917922">.mw-parser-output .botanist-bordered{border:0 solid #ddd;border-width:2px 0;padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .botanist .nickname{font-weight:bold}</style><div class="metadata botanist-bordered"><span class="botanist">The standard <a href="/wiki/List_of_botanists_by_author_abbreviation_(A)" title="List of botanists by author abbreviation (A)">author abbreviation</a> <span class="vcard"><span class="fn n"><span class="nickname">Koell.</span></span></span> is used to indicate this person as the author when <a href="/wiki/Author_citation_(botany)" title="Author citation (botany)">citing</a> a <a href="/wiki/Botanical_name" title="Botanical name">botanical name</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heterogenesis">Heterogenesis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_von_K%C3%B6lliker&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Heterogenesis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Saltationism" class="mw-redirect" title="Saltationism">Saltationism</a></div> <p>In 1864 Kölliker revived <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Geoffroy_Saint-Hilaire" title="Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire">Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire</a>'s theory that <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">evolution</a> proceeds by large steps (<a href="/wiki/Saltationism" class="mw-redirect" title="Saltationism">saltationism</a>), under the name of heterogenesis.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kölliker was a critic of <a href="/wiki/Darwinism" title="Darwinism">Darwinism</a> and rejected a <a href="/wiki/Universal_common_ancestor" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal common ancestor">universal common ancestor</a>, instead he supported a theory of <a href="/wiki/Common_descent" title="Common descent">common descent</a> along separate lines.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Vucinich" title="Alexander Vucinich">Alexander Vucinich</a> the non-Darwinian evolution theory of Kölliker tied "organic transformism to three general ideas, all contrary to Darwin's view: the multiple origin of living forms, the internal causes of variation, and "sudden leaps" (heterogenesis) in the evolutionary process."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kölliker claimed that heterogenesis functioned according to a general law of evolutionary progress, <a href="/wiki/Orthogenesis" title="Orthogenesis">orthogenesis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_von_K%C3%B6lliker&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1911889-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1911889_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFoster1911">Foster 1911</a>, p. 889.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1911890-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1911890_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1911890_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1911890_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1911890_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1911890_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1911890_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1911890_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFoster1911">Foster 1911</a>, p. 890.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christies.com/lotfinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=5084328">"RÖNTGEN, Wilhelm Conrad (1845–1923). Ueber eine neue Art von Strahlen (Vorläufige Mittheilung). – Eine neue Art von Strahlen. II. Mittheilung. Offprints from: Sitzungsberichte der Würzburger Physik.-medic. Gesellschaft, 1895 [no. 9], and 1896, [nos. 1–2]. Würzburg: Verlag und Druck der Stahel'schen k. Hof.-und Universitäts- Buch- und Kunsthandlung, 1895–1896"</a>. <i>www.christies.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.christies.com&rft.atitle=R%C3%96NTGEN%2C+Wilhelm+Conrad+%281845%E2%80%931923%29.+Ueber+eine+neue+Art+von+Strahlen+%28Vorl%C3%A4ufige+Mittheilung%29.+%E2%80%93+Eine+neue+Art+von+Strahlen.+II.+Mittheilung.+Offprints+from%3A+Sitzungsberichte+der+W%C3%BCrzburger+Physik.-medic.+Gesellschaft%2C+1895+%5Bno.+9%5D%2C+and+1896%2C+%5Bnos.+1%E2%80%932%5D.+W%C3%BCrzburg%3A+Verlag+und+Druck+der+Stahel%27schen+k.+Hof.-und+Universit%C3%A4ts-+Buch-+und+Kunsthandlung%2C+1895%E2%80%931896.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christies.com%2Flotfinder%2Flot_details.aspx%3FintObjectID%3D5084328&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+von+K%C3%B6lliker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbuchdergeweb02kl"><i>Handbuch der Gewebelehre des Menschen</i>, t. 2, Leipzig, 1896.</a> (in German).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). <i>The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles</i>. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-0135-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-0135-5">978-1-4214-0135-5</a>. ("Koelliker", p. 144).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Plant_Names_Index" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">International Plant Names Index</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipni.org/ipni/advAuthorSearch.do?find_abbreviation=Koell."><i> Koell</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=+Koell.&rft.au=International+Plant+Names+Index&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipni.org%2Fipni%2FadvAuthorSearch.do%3Ffind_abbreviation%3DKoell.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+von+K%C3%B6lliker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sewall_Wright" title="Sewall Wright">Wright, Sewall</a> (1984). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/evolutiongenetic0000wrig/page/10"><i>Evolution and the Genetics of Populations: Genetics and Biometric Foundations</i></a></span>. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/evolutiongenetic0000wrig/page/10">10</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-91049-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-91049-9"><bdi>978-0-226-91049-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evolution+and+the+Genetics+of+Populations%3A+Genetics+and+Biometric+Foundations&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-226-91049-9&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Sewall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fevolutiongenetic0000wrig%2Fpage%2F10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+von+K%C3%B6lliker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDi_Gregorio2005" class="citation book cs1">Di Gregorio, Mario A. (2005). <i>From Here to Eternity: Ernst Haeckel and Scientific Faith</i>. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 303. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-525-56972-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-525-56972-6"><bdi>978-3-525-56972-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Here+to+Eternity%3A+Ernst+Haeckel+and+Scientific+Faith&rft.pages=303&rft.pub=Vandenhoeck+%26+Ruprecht&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-3-525-56972-6&rft.aulast=Di+Gregorio&rft.aufirst=Mario+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+von+K%C3%B6lliker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVucinich1988" class="citation book cs1">Vucinich, Alexander (1988). <i>Darwin in Russian Thought</i>. University of California Press. p. 137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-06283-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-06283-2"><bdi>978-0-520-06283-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Darwin+in+Russian+Thought&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-520-06283-2&rft.aulast=Vucinich&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+von+K%C3%B6lliker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlick1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Glick" title="Thomas F. Glick">Glick, Thomas F.</a> (1988). <i>The Comparative Reception of Darwinism</i>. University of Chicago Press. p. 99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-29977-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-29977-8"><bdi>978-0-226-29977-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Comparative+Reception+of+Darwinism&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-226-29977-8&rft.aulast=Glick&rft.aufirst=Thomas+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+von+K%C3%B6lliker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_von_K%C3%B6lliker&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoster1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foster_(physiologist)" title="Michael Foster (physiologist)">Foster, Michael</a> (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/K%C3%B6lliker,_Rudolph_Albert_von" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Kölliker, Rudolph Albert von">Kölliker, Rudolph Albert von</a>". In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 889–890.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=K%C3%B6lliker%2C+Rudolph+Albert+von&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=889-890&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+von+K%C3%B6lliker" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_von_K%C3%B6lliker&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Albert von Kölliker (1817–1905) Würzburger histologist". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_American_Medical_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of the American Medical Association">JAMA</a></i>. <b>206</b> (9): 2111–2. 1968. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fjama.206.9.2111">10.1001/jama.206.9.2111</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4880509">4880509</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Albert+von+K%C3%B6lliker+%281817%E2%80%931905%29+W%C3%BCrzburger+histologist&rft.volume=206&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=2111-2&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1001%2Fjama.206.9.2111&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4880509&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+von+K%C3%B6lliker" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbert_L._Lehninger1964" class="citation web cs1">Albert L. Lehninger (1964). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mitochondrionmol0000lehn">"The Mitochondrion"</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Mitochondrion&rft.date=1964&rft.au=Albert+L.+Lehninger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmitochondrionmol0000lehn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+von+K%C3%B6lliker" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_von_K%C3%B6lliker&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Kölliker%2C%20Albert%20von%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Kölliker%2C%20Albert%20v%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Kölliker%2C%20A%2E%20v%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Albert%20von%20Kölliker%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Albert%20v%2E%20Kölliker%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22A%2E%20v%2E%20Kölliker%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Albert%20von%20Kölliker%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Albert%20v%2E%20Kölliker%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22A%2E%20v%2E%20Kölliker%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22A%2E%20von%20Kölliker%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Kölliker%2C%20Albert%20von%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Kölliker%2C%20Albert%20v%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Kölliker%2C%20A%2E%20v%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Kölliker%2C%20A%2E%20von%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Albert%20von%20Kölliker%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Albert%20v%2E%20Kölliker%22%20OR%20title%3A%22A%2E%20v%2E%20Kölliker%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Albert%20von%20Kölliker%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Albert%20v%2E%20Kölliker%22%20OR%20description%3A%22A%2E%20v%2E%20Kölliker%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Kölliker%2C%20Albert%20von%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Kölliker%2C%20Albert%20v%2E%22%20OR%20%22Albert%20von%20Kolliker%22%20OR%20%22Kolliker%2C%20Albert%20von%22%20OR%20%22Kolliker%2C%20Albert%20v%2E%22%20OR%20%22Kolliker%2C%20A.%20v%2E%22%29%20OR%20%28%221817-1905%22%20AND%20%28%22Kölliker%22%20OR%20Kolliker%29%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Copley_Medal" title="Copley Medal">Copley Medallists</a> (1851–1900)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Owen" title="Richard Owen">Richard Owen</a> (1851)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Humboldt" title="Alexander von Humboldt">Alexander von Humboldt</a> (1852)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Wilhelm_Dove" title="Heinrich Wilhelm Dove">Heinrich Wilhelm Dove</a> (1853)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Peter_M%C3%BCller" title="Johannes Peter Müller">Johannes Peter Müller</a> (1854)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Foucault" title="Léon Foucault">Léon Foucault</a> (1855)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Milne-Edwards" title="Henri Milne-Edwards">Henri Milne-Edwards</a> (1856)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Eug%C3%A8ne_Chevreul" title="Michel Eugène Chevreul">Michel Eugène Chevreul</a> (1857)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lyell" title="Charles Lyell">Charles Lyell</a> (1858)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Eduard_Weber" title="Wilhelm Eduard Weber">Wilhelm Eduard Weber</a> (1859)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bunsen" title="Robert Bunsen">Robert Bunsen</a> (1860)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Agassiz" title="Louis Agassiz">Louis Agassiz</a> (1861)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Graham_(chemist)" title="Thomas Graham (chemist)">Thomas Graham</a> (1862)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Sedgwick" title="Adam Sedgwick">Adam Sedgwick</a> (1863)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> (1864)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Chasles" title="Michel Chasles">Michel Chasles</a> (1865)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julius_Pl%C3%BCcker" title="Julius Plücker">Julius Plücker</a> (1866)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Ernst_von_Baer" title="Karl Ernst von Baer">Karl Ernst von Baer</a> (1867)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wheatstone" title="Charles Wheatstone">Charles Wheatstone</a> (1868)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Victor_Regnault" title="Henri Victor Regnault">Henri Victor Regnault</a> (1869)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Prescott_Joule" title="James Prescott Joule">James Prescott Joule</a> (1870)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julius_von_Mayer" title="Julius von Mayer">Julius Robert von Mayer</a> (1871)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler">Friedrich Wöhler</a> (1872)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_von_Helmholtz" title="Hermann von Helmholtz">Hermann von Helmholtz</a> (1873)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur">Louis Pasteur</a> (1874)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/August_Wilhelm_von_Hofmann" title="August Wilhelm von Hofmann">August Wilhelm von Hofmann</a> (1875)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Bernard" title="Claude Bernard">Claude Bernard</a> (1876)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Dwight_Dana" title="James Dwight Dana">James Dwight Dana</a> (1877)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Boussingault" title="Jean-Baptiste Boussingault">Jean-Baptiste Boussingault</a> (1878)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Clausius" title="Rudolf Clausius">Rudolf Clausius</a> (1879)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Joseph_Sylvester" title="James Joseph Sylvester">James Joseph Sylvester</a> (1880)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Adolphe_Wurtz" title="Charles Adolphe Wurtz">Charles Adolphe Wurtz</a> (1881)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cayley" title="Arthur Cayley">Arthur Cayley</a> (1882)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lord_Kelvin" title="Lord Kelvin">William Thomson</a> (1883)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Ludwig" title="Carl Ludwig">Carl Ludwig</a> (1884)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/August_Kekul%C3%A9" title="August Kekulé">Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz</a> (1885)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franz_Ernst_Neumann" title="Franz Ernst Neumann">Franz Ernst Neumann</a> (1886)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dalton_Hooker" title="Joseph Dalton Hooker">Joseph Dalton Hooker</a> (1887)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Henry_Huxley" title="Thomas Henry Huxley">Thomas Henry Huxley</a> (1888)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Salmon" title="George Salmon">George Salmon</a> (1889)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Newcomb" title="Simon Newcomb">Simon Newcomb</a> (1890)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanislao_Cannizzaro" title="Stanislao Cannizzaro">Stanislao Cannizzaro</a> (1891)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Virchow" title="Rudolf Virchow">Rudolf Virchow</a> (1892)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Stokes,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet">George Gabriel Stokes</a> (1893)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Frankland" title="Edward Frankland">Edward Frankland</a> (1894)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Weierstrass" title="Karl Weierstrass">Karl Weierstrass</a> (1895)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Gegenbaur" title="Carl Gegenbaur">Carl Gegenbaur</a> (1896)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Albert von Kölliker</a> (1897)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Huggins" title="William Huggins">William Huggins</a> (1898)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt,_3rd_Baron_Rayleigh" title="John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh">John William Strutt</a> (1899)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marcellin_Berthelot" title="Marcellin Berthelot">Marcellin Berthelot</a> (1900)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123528#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123528#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123528#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122824914">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/84815647">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/161138/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqbr8g6PJQWbJHV4jhJXd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118988999">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85822229">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb106973566">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb106973566">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Kölliker, Albert Rudolf : von"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/TSAV179596">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35242011">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=nlk20000091965&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1332104">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1197385">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p074241990">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/98023311">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000313537&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000694221">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=241211">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810704897505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/182756">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007412319505171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058530603306706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14535977">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01887226?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/ipni/advAuthorSearch.do?find_abbreviation=Koell.">International Plant Names Index</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=318222">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=17335571200">Scopus</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leopoldina.org/mitgliederverzeichnis/mitglieder/member/Member/show/albert-von-koelliker/">Leopoldina</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/hi/gnt/dsi2/index.php?table_name=dsi&function=details&where_field=id&where_value=8215">Scientific illustrators</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/878777">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118988999.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118988999">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/085101354">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/014436">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6wt1gnv">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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