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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Merle Anthony Tuve</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1901-06-27</span>)</span>June 27, 1901<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Canton,_South_Dakota" title="Canton, South Dakota">Canton, South Dakota</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">May 20, 1982<span style="display:none">(1982-05-20)</span> (aged 80)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Bethesda,_Maryland" title="Bethesda, Maryland">Bethesda, Maryland</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">MS</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a> (<a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_for_Merit" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Medal for Merit">Presidential Medal for Merit</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Comstock_Prize_in_Physics" title="Comstock Prize in Physics">Comstock Prize in Physics</a> (1948)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Barnard_Medal_for_Meritorious_Service_to_Science" title="Barnard Medal for Meritorious Service to Science">Barnard Medal for Meritorious Service to Science</a> (1955)</li><li><a href="/wiki/William_Bowie_Medal" title="William Bowie Medal">William Bowie Medal</a> (1963)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Howard_N._Potts_Medal" title="Howard N. Potts Medal">Howard N. Potts Medal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/John_Scott_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="John Scott Award">John Scott Award</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">Physics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Applied_Physics_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory">Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory</a> (1942-1946) <br /><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Institution_for_Science" title="Carnegie Institution for Science">Carnegie Institution for Science</a> (1946-66)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Merle Anthony Tuve</b> (June 27, 1901 – May 20, 1982) was an American geophysicist who was the Chairman of the Office of Scientific Research and Development's Section T, which was created in August 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was founding director of the <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Applied_Physics_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory">Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory</a>, the main laboratory of Section T during the war from 1942 onward.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a pioneer in the use of pulsed <a href="/wiki/Radio_waves" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio waves">radio waves</a> whose discoveries opened the way to the development of <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear energy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merle_Tuve&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Merle Antony Tuve was born in <a href="/wiki/Canton,_South_Dakota" title="Canton, South Dakota">Canton, South Dakota</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He and physicist <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Ernest Lawrence</a> were childhood friends. All four of his grandparents were born in Norway and subsequently immigrated to the United States. His father, Anthony G. Tuve, was president of <a href="/wiki/Augustana_College_(South_Dakota)" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustana College (South Dakota)">Augustana College</a> and his mother, Ida Marie Larsen Tuve, taught music there. After Tuve's father died in the <a href="/wiki/Influenza_epidemic_of_1918" class="mw-redirect" title="Influenza epidemic of 1918">influenza epidemic of 1918</a>, the family moved to <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>, where Merle attended the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a>; he received there a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">Bachelor of Science</a> in 1922 and a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">Master of Science</a> in 1923 both in Physics. Following a year at <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> where he was an instructor, Tuve subsequently went to work for his doctorate at <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a>. He obtained there his <a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a> in physics in 1927.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merle_Tuve&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1925, with physicist <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Breit" title="Gregory Breit">Gregory Breit</a>, Tuve used radio waves to measure the height of the ionosphere and probe its interior layers.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The observations he made provided the theoretical foundation for the development of <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was among the first physicists to use high-voltage accelerators to define the structure of the atom. In 1933 he confirmed the existence of the <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a> and was also able to measure the binding forces in <a href="/wiki/Atomic_nuclei" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic nuclei">atomic nuclei</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tuve proposed that an electronically activated proximity fuze would make anti-aircraft fire far more effective, and led the team of scientists that developed the device, which proved crucial in the allies' victory in World War II. He led in the development of the <a href="/wiki/Proximity_fuze" title="Proximity fuze">proximity fuze</a> first at the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism and then later at the <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Applied_Physics_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory">Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory</a> and also made contributions to experimental <a href="/wiki/Seismology" title="Seismology">seismology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_astronomy" title="Radio astronomy">radio astronomy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Optical_astronomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Optical astronomy">optical astronomy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1942, Merle Tuve was the founding director of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. Merle Tuve was the Director of Terrestrial Magnetism Research at the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Institution_for_Science" title="Carnegie Institution for Science">Carnegie Institution for Science</a> (1946–66). He served on the first U.S. National Commission for <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Research_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Research Council">National Research Council</a> Committee on Growth, and on the U.S. Committee for the <a href="/wiki/International_Geophysical_Year" title="International Geophysical Year">International Geophysical Year</a>. He was the first chairman of the Geophysical Research Board of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> and home secretary of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merle_Tuve&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Merle Tuve had two brothers: George Lewis Tuve, who was a professor of mechanical engineering and Richard Larsen Tuve, who was an inventor and chemist. Their sister, <a href="/wiki/Rosemond_Tuve" title="Rosemond Tuve">Rosemond Tuve</a> was an author and professor of Renaissance Literature at <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_College" title="Connecticut College">Connecticut College</a>. Merle Tuve was married in 1927 to Winifred Gray Whitman. Merle and Winifred had two children, Trygve and Lucy. Both earned Ph.D. degrees and pursued scientific careers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors">Honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merle_Tuve&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tuve was elected to the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> in 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For his service to the nation during World War II, Tuve received the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_for_Merit" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Medal for Merit">Presidential Medal for Merit</a> from President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> and was named an Honorary Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">Order of the British Empire</a> in 1948. He was elected to the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> in 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tuve" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Tuve">Mount Tuve</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ellsworth_Land" title="Ellsworth Land">Ellsworth Land</a> in <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a> was named in honor of Merle Anthony Tuve. <a href="/wiki/The_Library_of_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="The Library of Congress">The Library of Congress</a> holds his papers in more than 400 archival boxes.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merle_Tuve&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Bowie_Medal" title="William Bowie Medal">William Bowie Medal</a> awarded by the <a href="/wiki/American_Geophysical_Union" title="American Geophysical Union">American Geophysical Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Franklin_Institute_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="The Franklin Institute Awards">Howard N. Potts Medal</a> presented by the <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Institute" title="Franklin Institute">Franklin Institute</a> of <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia, Pennsylvania">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comstock_Prize_in_Physics" title="Comstock Prize in Physics">Comstock Prize in Physics</a> awarded by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Condor_of_the_Andes" title="Order of the Condor of the Andes">Order of the Condor of the Andes</a> issued by the nation of <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li>Cosmos Club Award issued by the <a href="/wiki/Cosmos_Club" title="Cosmos Club">Cosmos Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Scott_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="John Scott Award">John Scott Award</a> issued by the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Philadelphia" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Philadelphia">City of Philadelphia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_works">Selected works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merle_Tuve&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Selected works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Velocity structures in Hydrogen Profiles: A sky atlas of neutral hydrogen emission</i> (1973)</li> <li><i>The Third Cosmos Club Award: Merle A. Tuve</i> (1966)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/16716.pdf?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents"><i>The Forces Which Govern the Atomic Nucleus</i></a> (1938)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merle_Tuve&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHolmes2020" class="citation book cs1">Holmes, Jamie (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pAWiDwAAQBAJ&q=jamie+holmes+12+seconds+of+silence"><i>12 Seconds of Silence: How a Team of Inventors, Tinkerers, and Spies Took Down a Nazi Superweapon</i></a>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-328-46012-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-328-46012-7"><bdi>978-1-328-46012-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=12+Seconds+of+Silence%3A+How+a+Team+of+Inventors%2C+Tinkerers%2C+and+Spies+Took+Down+a+Nazi+Superweapon&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-328-46012-7&rft.aulast=Holmes&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpAWiDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Djamie%2Bholmes%2B12%2Bseconds%2Bof%2Bsilence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMerle+Tuve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaxter1968" class="citation book cs1">Baxter, James Phinney (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hPk8vwEACAAJ"><i>Scientists Against Time</i></a>. 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Press. p. 230.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scientists+Against+Time&rft.pages=230&rft.pub=M.I.T.+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Baxter&rft.aufirst=James+Phinney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhPk8vwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMerle+Tuve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lawzone.com/half-nor/tuve.html"><i>Norwegian American Scientist</i> (National Academy of Sciences)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSirvaitis2001" class="citation book cs1">Sirvaitis, Karen (1 September 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X1al2lXC6NYC&pg=PA69"><i>South Dakota</i></a>. Lerner Publications. p. 69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8225-4070-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8225-4070-0"><bdi>978-0-8225-4070-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=South+Dakota&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=Lerner+Publications&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8225-4070-0&rft.aulast=Sirvaitis&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX1al2lXC6NYC%26pg%3DPA69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMerle+Tuve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080907085326/http://www.nap.edu/html/biomems/mtuve.html">"<i>Merle Anthony Tuve</i>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nap.edu/html/biomems/mtuve.html">the original</a> on 2008-09-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-04-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Merle+Anthony+Tuve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nap.edu%2Fhtml%2Fbiomems%2Fmtuve.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMerle+Tuve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreitTuve1926" class="citation journal cs1">Breit, G.; Tuve, M. A. (1926-09-01). "A Test of the Existence of the Conducting Layer". <i>Physical Review</i>. <b>28</b> (3). American Physical Society (APS): <span class="nowrap">554–</span>575. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1926PhRv...28..554B">1926PhRv...28..554B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2Fphysrev.28.554">10.1103/physrev.28.554</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-899X">0031-899X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.atitle=A+Test+of+the+Existence+of+the+Conducting+Layer&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E554-%3C%2Fspan%3E575&rft.date=1926-09-01&rft.issn=0031-899X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2Fphysrev.28.554&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1926PhRv...28..554B&rft.aulast=Breit&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.au=Tuve%2C+M.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMerle+Tuve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todaysengineer.org/2002/Dec/heritage.asp">"The Beginnings of Radio Astronomy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.">The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Beginnings+of+Radio+Astronomy&rft.pub=The+Institute+of+Electrical+and+Electronics+Engineers%2C+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todaysengineer.org%2F2002%2FDec%2Fheritage.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMerle+Tuve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101015073731/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,925449,00.html#ixzz0lqGVulIx">"Milestones"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. May 31, 1982. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,925449,00.html#ixzz0lqGVulIx">the original</a> on 15 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Milestones&rft.date=1982-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C925449%2C00.html%23ixzz0lqGVulIx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMerle+Tuve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nndb.com/people/980/000174458/">"Merle Tuve"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NNDB" title="NNDB">NNDB</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Soylent_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Soylent Communications">Soylent Communications</a>. 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NNDB&rft.atitle=Merle+Tuve&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nndb.com%2Fpeople%2F980%2F000174458%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMerle+Tuve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCornell1988" class="citation journal cs1">Cornell, Thomas D. (1988). "Merle Antony Tuve: Pioneer Nuclear Physicist". <i><a href="/wiki/Physics_Today" title="Physics Today">Physics Today</a></i>. <b>41</b> (1). AIP Publishing: <span class="nowrap">57–</span>64. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988PhT....41a..57C">1988PhT....41a..57C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.881153">10.1063/1.881153</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-9228">0031-9228</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+Today&rft.atitle=Merle+Antony+Tuve%3A+Pioneer+Nuclear+Physicist&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E57-%3C%2Fspan%3E64&rft.date=1988&rft.issn=0031-9228&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.881153&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1988PhT....41a..57C&rft.aulast=Cornell&rft.aufirst=Thomas+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMerle+Tuve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=5406&page=407"><i>Biographical Memoirs V.70 (1996)</i> (National Academy of Sciences)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Merle+Tuve&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DMerle%2BTuve%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMerle+Tuve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amacad.org/person/merle-antony-tuve">"Merle Antony Tuve"</a>. <i>American Academy of Arts & Sciences</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Academy+of+Arts+%26+Sciences&rft.atitle=Merle+Antony+Tuve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fperson%2Fmerle-antony-tuve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMerle+Tuve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/service/mss/eadxmlmss/eadpdfmss/2001/ms001043.pdf"><i>Merle Antony Tuve, Register of His Papers in the Library of Congress</i> (The Library of Congress)</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merle_Tuve&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Tuve, George Lewis <i>The Tuve-Tuff-Tew brothers: Five Norwegian immigrants and their families</i> (Tuve. 1977)</li> <li>Evans, Margaret <i>Rosemond Tuve. A Life of The Mind</i> (Peter E. Randall Publisher. 2004)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKellermannBoutonBrandt2020" class="citation book cs1">Kellermann, Kenneth I.; Bouton, Ellen N.; Brandt, Sierra S. (2020). "A New Era in Radio Astronomy". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-32345-5_3"><i>Open Skies: The National Radio Astronomy Observatory and Its Impact on US Radio Astronomy</i></a>. Springer International Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">77–</span>156. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-32345-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-32345-5"><bdi>978-3-030-32345-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+New+Era+in+Radio+Astronomy&rft.btitle=Open+Skies%3A+The+National+Radio+Astronomy+Observatory+and+Its+Impact+on+US+Radio+Astronomy&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E77-%3C%2Fspan%3E156&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-3-030-32345-5&rft.aulast=Kellermann&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+I.&rft.au=Bouton%2C+Ellen+N.&rft.au=Brandt%2C+Sierra+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fchapter%2F10.1007%2F978-3-030-32345-5_3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMerle+Tuve" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merle_Tuve&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aip.org/history/ohilist/4921_1.html">Oral History Transcript — Dr. Merle Tuve</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.aaas.org/graphics/photos/cd62.jpg">Dr. Merle A. 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