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This research localizes the neuronal correlates of visual awareness in the occipital cortex, finding that both monoptic and dichoptic masking are exhibited in retinotopic visual areas, primarily in regions beyond V1/V2. The results suggest that circuits responsible for maintaining awareness of simple, unattended targets are confined to specific areas in the occipital lobe, establishing upper and lower boundaries in the visual hierarchy relevant to visual consciousness.","publication_date":"2005,,","publication_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Visibility, visual awareness, and visual masking of simple unattended targets are confined to areas in the occipital cortex beyond human V1/V2","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [61689624]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; 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class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="67329223" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67329223/The_human_visual_system_differentially_represents_subjectively_and_objectively_invisible_stimuli">The human visual system differentially represents subjectively and objectively invisible stimuli</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34385935" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SimonvanGaal">Simon van Gaal</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PLOS Biology</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The study of unconscious processing requires a measure of conscious awareness. Awareness measures can be either subjective (based on participant’s report) or objective (based on perceptual performance). The preferred awareness measure depends on the theoretical position about consciousness and may influence conclusions about the extent of unconscious processing and about the neural correlates of consciousness. We obtained functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measurements from 43 subjects while they viewed masked faces and houses that were either subjectively or objectively invisible. Even for objectively invisible (perceptually indiscriminable) stimuli, we found significant category information in both early, lower-level visual areas and in higher-level visual cortex, although representations in anterior, category-selective ventrotemporal areas were less robust. For subjectively invisible stimuli, similar to visible stimuli, there was a clear posterior-to-anterior gradient i...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The human visual system differentially represents subjectively and objectively invisible stimuli","attachmentId":78187357,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/67329223/The_human_visual_system_differentially_represents_subjectively_and_objectively_invisible_stimuli","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/67329223/The_human_visual_system_differentially_represents_subjectively_and_objectively_invisible_stimuli"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="60144278" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60144278/The_role_of_spatiotemporal_edges_in_visibility_and_visual_masking">The role of spatiotemporal edges in visibility and visual masking</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="61689624" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SusanaMartinezConde">Susana Martinez-Conde</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2000</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The role of spatiotemporal edges in visibility and visual masking","attachmentId":73714738,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/60144278/The_role_of_spatiotemporal_edges_in_visibility_and_visual_masking","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/60144278/The_role_of_spatiotemporal_edges_in_visibility_and_visual_masking"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":73714735,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":73714735,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_73714735" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/56817677/Masking_reveals_parallel_form_systems_in_the_visual_brain">Masking reveals parallel form systems in the visual brain</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35004922" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SemirZeki">Semir Zeki</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Frontiers in human neuroscience, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Masking reveals parallel form systems in the visual brain","attachmentId":72017644,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/56817677/Masking_reveals_parallel_form_systems_in_the_visual_brain","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span 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A., Rauschenberger, R., & Verstraten, F. A. (2007). No representation without awareness in the lateral occipital cortex. Psychological Science, 18 (4), 298-302.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="101923" href="https://umd.academia.edu/ThomasCarlson">Thomas Carlson</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Carlson, T. A., Rauschenberger, R., \u0026 Verstraten, F. A. (2007). No representation without awareness in the lateral occipital cortex. 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