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Macabre - Wikipedia
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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Artistic theme of death and decay</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Macabre_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Macabre (disambiguation)">Macabre (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Marcabru" title="Marcabru">Marcabru</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bar-le-Duc_-_Eglise_Saint-Etienne_-_Le_Transi_-191.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Bar-le-Duc_-_Eglise_Saint-Etienne_-_Le_Transi_-191.jpg/220px-Bar-le-Duc_-_Eglise_Saint-Etienne_-_Le_Transi_-191.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Bar-le-Duc_-_Eglise_Saint-Etienne_-_Le_Transi_-191.jpg/330px-Bar-le-Duc_-_Eglise_Saint-Etienne_-_Le_Transi_-191.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Bar-le-Duc_-_Eglise_Saint-Etienne_-_Le_Transi_-191.jpg/440px-Bar-le-Duc_-_Eglise_Saint-Etienne_-_Le_Transi_-191.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Upper section of the <a href="/wiki/Cadaver_Tomb_of_Ren%C3%A9_of_Chalon" title="Cadaver Tomb of René of Chalon"><i>Transi</i> of René de Chalon</a>. Sculpture by <a href="/wiki/Ligier_Richier" title="Ligier Richier">Ligier Richier</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1545–1547</span>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wien_-_Kaisergruft,_Sarkophag_von_Kaiser_Karl_VI.,_Totenkopf_(a).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Wien_-_Kaisergruft%2C_Sarkophag_von_Kaiser_Karl_VI.%2C_Totenkopf_%28a%29.JPG/220px-Wien_-_Kaisergruft%2C_Sarkophag_von_Kaiser_Karl_VI.%2C_Totenkopf_%28a%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Wien_-_Kaisergruft%2C_Sarkophag_von_Kaiser_Karl_VI.%2C_Totenkopf_%28a%29.JPG/330px-Wien_-_Kaisergruft%2C_Sarkophag_von_Kaiser_Karl_VI.%2C_Totenkopf_%28a%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Wien_-_Kaisergruft%2C_Sarkophag_von_Kaiser_Karl_VI.%2C_Totenkopf_%28a%29.JPG/440px-Wien_-_Kaisergruft%2C_Sarkophag_von_Kaiser_Karl_VI.%2C_Totenkopf_%28a%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3100" data-file-height="4650" /></a><figcaption>A death head wearing the Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire, on the <a href="/wiki/Sarcophagus" title="Sarcophagus">sarcophagus</a> of Habsburg emperor <a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VI</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Crypt" title="Crypt">crypt</a> of the Capuchin church in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pisa,_Camposanto_trionfo_della_morte_16_opening_the_graves.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Pisa%2C_Camposanto_trionfo_della_morte_16_opening_the_graves.JPG/220px-Pisa%2C_Camposanto_trionfo_della_morte_16_opening_the_graves.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Pisa%2C_Camposanto_trionfo_della_morte_16_opening_the_graves.JPG/330px-Pisa%2C_Camposanto_trionfo_della_morte_16_opening_the_graves.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Pisa%2C_Camposanto_trionfo_della_morte_16_opening_the_graves.JPG/440px-Pisa%2C_Camposanto_trionfo_della_morte_16_opening_the_graves.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1860" data-file-height="1473" /></a><figcaption><i>Trionfo della Morte</i> ("Triumph of Death"), fresco painted by <a href="/wiki/Buonamico_Buffalmacco" title="Buonamico Buffalmacco">Buonamico Buffalmacco</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bellosi_2000_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bellosi_2000-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1330s–1350</span>, disputed),<sup id="cite_ref-Aavitsland_2012_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aavitsland_2012-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pisa" title="Pisa">Pisa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sedlec-Ossuary.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Sedlec-Ossuary.jpg/220px-Sedlec-Ossuary.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Sedlec-Ossuary.jpg/330px-Sedlec-Ossuary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Sedlec-Ossuary.jpg/440px-Sedlec-Ossuary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chandelier" title="Chandelier">Chandelier</a> of human bones and <a href="/wiki/Human_skull" class="mw-redirect" title="Human skull">skulls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kostnice_Sedlec" class="mw-redirect" title="Kostnice Sedlec">Sedlec Ossuary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuremberg_chronicles_-_Dance_of_Death_(CCLXIIIIv).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Nuremberg_chronicles_-_Dance_of_Death_%28CCLXIIIIv%29.jpg/220px-Nuremberg_chronicles_-_Dance_of_Death_%28CCLXIIIIv%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Nuremberg_chronicles_-_Dance_of_Death_%28CCLXIIIIv%29.jpg/330px-Nuremberg_chronicles_-_Dance_of_Death_%28CCLXIIIIv%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Nuremberg_chronicles_-_Dance_of_Death_%28CCLXIIIIv%29.jpg/440px-Nuremberg_chronicles_-_Dance_of_Death_%28CCLXIIIIv%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2074" data-file-height="1769" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Danse_Macabre" title="Danse Macabre">Totentanz</a></i> ("Dance of the Dead"), illustration from the <i><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Chronicle" title="Nuremberg Chronicle">Nuremberg Chronicle</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Hartmann_Schedel" title="Hartmann Schedel">Hartmann Schedel</a> (1440–1514)</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Works_of_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Works of art">works of art</a>, the adjective <b>macabre</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span></span>/</a></span></span> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[makabʁ]</a></span>) means "having the quality of having a grim or <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ghastly" class="extiw" title="wikt:ghastly">ghastly</a> atmosphere". The macabre works to emphasize the details and symbols of <a href="/wiki/Death" title="Death">death</a>. The term also refers to works particularly gruesome in nature. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macabre&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early traces of macabre can be found in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_literature" title="Ancient Greek literature">Ancient Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latin_literature" title="Latin literature">Latin</a> writers such as the Roman writer <a href="/wiki/Petronius" title="Petronius">Petronius</a>, author of the <i><a href="/wiki/Satyricon" title="Satyricon">Satyricon</a></i> (late 1st century CE), and the Numidian writer <a href="/wiki/Apuleius" title="Apuleius">Apuleius</a>, author of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Ass" title="The Golden Ass">The Golden Ass</a></i> (late 2nd century AD). Outstanding instances of macabre themes in <a href="/wiki/English_literature" title="English literature">English literature</a> include the works of <a href="/wiki/John_Webster" title="John Webster">John Webster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Louis_Stevenson" title="Robert Louis Stevenson">Robert Louis Stevenson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mervyn_Peake" title="Mervyn Peake">Mervyn Peake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roald_Dahl" title="Roald Dahl">Roald Dahl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hardy" title="Thomas Hardy">Thomas Hardy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Tourneur" title="Cyril Tourneur">Cyril Tourneur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/American_literature" title="American literature">American literature</a>, authors whose work feature this quality include <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a>, <a href="/wiki/H._P._Lovecraft" title="H. P. Lovecraft">H. P. Lovecraft</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_King" title="Stephen King">Stephen King</a>. The word has gained its significance from its use in French as <i><a href="/wiki/Danse_Macabre" title="Danse Macabre">la danse macabre</a></i> for the <a href="/wiki/Allegory" title="Allegory">allegorical</a> representation of the ever-present and universal power of death, known in German as <i>Totentanz</i> and later in English as the <i>Dance of the Dead</i>. The typical form which the allegory takes is that of a series of images in which <a href="/wiki/Personifications_of_death" title="Personifications of death">Death</a> appears, either as a dancing <a href="/wiki/Skeleton" title="Skeleton">skeleton</a> or as a shrunken shrouded corpse, to people representing every age and condition of life, and leads them all in a dance to the <a href="/wiki/Grave_(burial)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grave (burial)">grave</a>. Of the numerous examples painted or sculptured on the walls of cloisters or church yards through <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Europe">medieval Europe</a>, few remain except in <a href="/wiki/Woodcut" title="Woodcut">woodcuts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">engravings</a>. </p> <ul><li>The series at <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a> originally at the <a href="/wiki/Klingenthal" title="Klingenthal">Klingenthal</a>, a nunnery in Little Basel, dated from the beginning of the 14th century. In the middle of the 15th century this was moved to the churchyard of the Predigerkloster at Basel, and was restored, probably by Hans Kluber, in 1568. The collapse of the wall in 1805 reduced it to fragments, and only drawings of it remain.</li> <li>A <i>Dance of the Dead</i> in its simplest form still survives in the <a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Church,_L%C3%BCbeck" title="St. Mary's Church, Lübeck">Marienkirche</a> at <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a> as 15th-century painting on the walls of a chapel. Here there are 24 figures in couples, between each is a dancing Death linking the groups by outstretched hands, the whole ring being led by a Death playing on a pipe.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> (Reval), Estonia there is a well-known <i>Danse Macabre</i> painting by <a href="/wiki/Bernt_Notke" title="Bernt Notke">Bernt Notke</a> displayed at <a href="/wiki/St._Nicholas%27_Church,_Tallinn" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Nicholas' Church, Tallinn">St. Nikolaus Church (Niguliste)</a>, dating the end of 15th century.</li> <li>At <a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a> there is a sculptured life-size series in the old Neustädter Kirchhoff, moved here from the palace of Duke George in 1701 after a fire.</li> <li>At <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a> in the cloister of St Maclou there also remains a sculptured <i>danse macabre</i>.</li> <li>There was a celebrated fresco of the subject in the cloister of <a href="/wiki/Old_St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" title="Old St Paul's Cathedral">Old St Pauls</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>.</li> <li>There was another in the now destroyed Hungerford Chapel at <a href="/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury">Salisbury</a>, of which only a single woodcut, "Death and the Gallant", remains.</li> <li>Of the many engraved reproductions of the Old St Pauls fresco, the most famous is the series drawn by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Holbein_the_Younger" title="Hans Holbein the Younger">Holbein</a>.</li></ul> <p>The theme continued to inspire artists and musicians long after the medieval period, <a href="/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert">Schubert's</a> string quartet <i><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._14_(Schubert)" title="String Quartet No. 14 (Schubert)">Death and the Maiden</a></i> (1824) being one example, and <a href="/wiki/Camille_Saint-Sa%C3%ABns" title="Camille Saint-Saëns">Camille Saint-Saëns</a>' tone poem <a href="/wiki/Danse_macabre_(Saint-Sa%C3%ABns)" title="Danse macabre (Saint-Saëns)">Danse macabre, op. 40</a> (1847). <br />In the 20th century, <a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a>'s 1957 film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Seventh_Seal" title="The Seventh Seal">The Seventh Seal</a></i> has a personified Death, and could thus count as macabre. </p><p>The origin of this allegory in painting and sculpture is disputed. It occurs as early as the 14th century, and has often been attributed to the overpowering consciousness of the presence of death due to the <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a> and the miseries of the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a>. It has also been attributed to a form of the <a href="/wiki/Morality" title="Morality">Morality</a>, a dramatic dialogue between Death and his victims in every station of life, ending in a dance off the stage.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The origin of the peculiar form the allegory has taken has also been found in the dancing skeletons on late <a href="/wiki/Roman_funerary_practices" title="Roman funerary practices">Roman sarcophagi</a> and mural paintings at <a href="/wiki/Cumae" title="Cumae">Cumae</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a>, and a false connection has been traced with the fresco <i>Trionfo della Morte</i> ("Triumph of Death"), painted by the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance_painting" title="Italian Renaissance painting">Italian Renaissance</a> artist <a href="/wiki/Buonamico_Buffalmacco" title="Buonamico Buffalmacco">Buonamico Buffalmacco</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1330s–1350</span>, disputed),<sup id="cite_ref-Aavitsland_2012_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aavitsland_2012-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and currently preserved in the <a href="/wiki/Camposanto_Monumentale" class="mw-redirect" title="Camposanto Monumentale">Campo Santo</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pisa" title="Pisa">Pisa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bellosi_2000_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bellosi_2000-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macabre&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">etymology</a> of the word "macabre" is uncertain. According to <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Paris" title="Gaston Paris">Gaston Paris</a>, French scholar of <a href="/wiki/Romance_studies" title="Romance studies">Romance studies</a>, it first occurs in the form "macabree" in a poem, <i>Respit de la mort</i> (1376), written by the medieval Burgundian chronicler <a href="/wiki/Jean_Le_F%C3%A8vre_de_Saint-Remy" title="Jean Le Fèvre de Saint-Remy">Jean Le Fèvre de Saint-Remy</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-Paris_1895_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paris_1895-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>Je fis de Macabree la dance</i>,<br /> <i>Qui toute gent maine a sa trace</i><br /> <i>Et a la fosse les adresse</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Paris_1895_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paris_1895-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The more usual explanation is based on the Latin name, <i>Machabaeorum chorea</i> ("Dance of the <a href="/wiki/Maccabees" title="Maccabees">Maccabees</a>"). The seven tortured brothers, with their <a href="/wiki/Woman_with_seven_sons" title="Woman with seven sons">mother</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eleazar_(2_Maccabees)" title="Eleazar (2 Maccabees)">Eleazar</a> (<a href="/wiki/2_Maccabees" title="2 Maccabees">2 Maccabees</a> 6 and 7) are prominent figures in the dramatic dialogues.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other connections have been suggested, as for example with <a href="/wiki/St._Macarius_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Macarius the Great">St. Macarius the Great</a>, an Egyptian Coptic monk and hermit who is to be identified with the figure pointing to the decaying corpses in the fresco <i>Trionfo della Morte</i> ("Triumph of Death") painted by the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance_painting" title="Italian Renaissance painting">Italian Renaissance</a> artist <a href="/wiki/Buonamico_Buffalmacco" title="Buonamico Buffalmacco">Buonamico Buffalmacco</a>, according to the Italian art historian <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Vasari" title="Giorgio Vasari">Giorgio Vasari</a>;<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs a reliable source. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> or with the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> word <i>maqābir</i> (مقابر, plural of <i><a href="/wiki/Maqbara" title="Maqbara">maqbara</a></i>) which means "cemeteries".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs a reliable source. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> A related suggestion has been made that the word originates in Hebrew <i>mqbr</i> meaning "from the grave". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macabre&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Body_horror" title="Body horror">Body horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Death_in_medieval_culture" title="Black Death in medieval culture">Black Death in medieval culture</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Danse_Macabre" title="Danse Macabre">Danse Macabre</a></i>, medieval allegory on the universality of death</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Danse_macabre_(Saint-Sa%C3%ABns)" title="Danse macabre (Saint-Saëns)">Danse macabre</a></i>, tone poem written in 1874 by <a href="/wiki/Camille_Saint-Sa%C3%ABns" title="Camille Saint-Saëns">Camille Saint-Saëns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphic_violence" title="Graphic violence">Graphic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimdark" title="Grimdark">Grimdark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_fiction" title="Horror fiction">Horror fiction</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Memento_mori" title="Memento mori">Memento mori</a></i>, symbolic trope acting as a reminder of the inevitability of death</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macabre&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Bellosi_2000-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bellosi_2000_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bellosi_2000_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBellosi2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bellosi, Luciano (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3jA9YnJaDGcC&pg=PA9"><i>Come un prato fiorito. Studi sull'arte tardogotica</i></a>. Di fronte e attraverso. Storia dell'arte (in Italian). <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>: Jaca Book. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788816404335" title="Special:BookSources/9788816404335"><bdi>9788816404335</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Come+un+prato+fiorito.+Studi+sull%27arte+tardogotica&rft.place=Milan&rft.series=Di+fronte+e+attraverso.+Storia+dell%27arte&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Jaca+Book&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9788816404335&rft.aulast=Bellosi&rft.aufirst=Luciano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3jA9YnJaDGcC%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacabre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aavitsland_2012-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aavitsland_2012_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aavitsland_2012_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAavitsland2012" class="citation book cs1">Aavitsland, Kristin B. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9D8rDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA132">"<i>Mortis Memoria</i>: To Remember One's Death"</a>. <i>Imagining the Human Condition in Medieval Rome: The Cistercian fresco cycle at Abbazia delle Tre Fontane</i>. Routledge (1st ed.). <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 131–132. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781138273078" title="Special:BookSources/9781138273078"><bdi>9781138273078</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2011050166">2011050166</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mortis+Memoria%3A+To+Remember+One%27s+Death&rft.btitle=Imagining+the+Human+Condition+in+Medieval+Rome%3A+The+Cistercian+fresco+cycle+at+Abbazia+delle+Tre+Fontane&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.series=Routledge&rft.pages=131-132&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2011050166&rft.isbn=9781138273078&rft.aulast=Aavitsland&rft.aufirst=Kristin+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9D8rDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacabre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/news/roald-dahl-day-adult-books-tales-unexpected-switch-bitch-kiss-kiss-short-stories-a7944351.html">"Roald Dahl Day: From Tales of the Unexpected to Switch Bitch, Dahl's undervalued stories for adults"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 14 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Roald+Dahl+Day%3A+From+Tales+of+the+Unexpected+to+Switch+Bitch%2C+Dahl%27s+undervalued+stories+for+adults&rft.date=2017-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Fbooks%2Fnews%2Froald-dahl-day-adult-books-tales-unexpected-switch-bitch-kiss-kiss-short-stories-a7944351.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacabre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Du_Cange" class="mw-redirect" title="Du Cange">Du Cange</a>, Gloss., s.v. Machabaeorum chora.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paris_1895-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Paris_1895_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paris_1895_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParis1895" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Paris" title="Gaston Paris">Paris, Gaston</a> (1895). Meyer, Paul; Paris, Gaston (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/roma_0035-8029_1895_num_24_93_5871">"<i>La Dance Macabré</i> de Jean Le Fèvre"</a>. <i>Romania</i> (in French). <b>24</b> (93). <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>: Librairie Droz, on behalf of the Société des amis de la Romania: 129–132. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Froma.1895.5871">10.3406/roma.1895.5871</a>. <a href="/wiki/EISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="EISSN (identifier)">eISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2391-1018">2391-1018</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0035-8029">0035-8029</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/45042550">45042550</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Romania&rft.atitle=La+Dance+Macabr%C3%A9+de+Jean+Le+F%C3%A8vre&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=93&rft.pages=129-132&rft.date=1895&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F45042550%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0035-8029&rft.eissn=2391-1018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Froma.1895.5871&rft.aulast=Paris&rft.aufirst=Gaston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fdoc%2Froma_0035-8029_1895_num_24_93_5871&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacabre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Shorter_Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Shorter Oxford English Dictionary">Shorter Oxford English Dictionary</a> (Fifth edition; 2002) states that the origin of "macabre" perhaps has reference to "a miracle play containing the slaughter of the Maccabees." Volume 1, p. 1659.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macabre&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/macabre" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:macabre">macabre</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://macabregallery.com/">Macabre Art Gallery</a></li></ul> <div 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mortality in art</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center">Themes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_flesh_is_grass" title="All flesh is grass">All flesh is grass</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carpe_diem" title="Carpe diem">Carpe diem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Consolatio" title="Consolatio">Consolatio</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Danse_Macabre" title="Danse Macabre">Danse Macabre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Death_and_the_Maiden_(motif)" title="Death and the Maiden (motif)">Death and the Maiden</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamentation_of_Christ" title="Lamentation of Christ">Lamentation of Christ</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Macabre</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Memento_mori" title="Memento mori">Memento mori</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mono_no_aware" title="Mono no aware">Mono no aware</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sic_transit_gloria_mundi" title="Sic transit gloria mundi">Sic transit gloria mundi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ubi_sunt" title="Ubi sunt">Ubi sunt</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personifications_of_death" title="Personifications of death">Personifications of death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanitas" title="Vanitas">Vanitas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center">Forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_mask" title="Death mask">Death mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funerary_art" title="Funerary art">Funerary art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funerary_text" title="Funerary text">Funerary text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lament" title="Lament">Lament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial" title="Memorial">Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mourning" title="Mourning">Mourning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy" title="Mummy">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-mortem_photography" title="Post-mortem photography">Post-mortem photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb" title="Tomb">Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragedy" title="Tragedy">Tragedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wreath#Funeral_and_memorial_wreaths" title="Wreath">Wreath</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dirge" title="Dirge">Dirge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funeral_march" title="Funeral march">Funeral march</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keening" title="Keening">Keening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requiem" title="Requiem">Requiem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threnody" title="Threnody">Threnody</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Poetry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_poem" title="Death poem">Death poem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elegy" title="Elegy">Elegy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elegiac" title="Elegiac">Elegiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastoral_elegy" title="Pastoral elegy">Pastoral elegy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obituary_poetry" title="Obituary poetry">Obituary poetry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center">Artwork</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capuchin_Crypt" title="Capuchin Crypt">Capuchin Crypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catacombs_of_Paris" title="Catacombs of Paris">Catacombs of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedlec_Ossuary" title="Sedlec Ossuary">Sedlec Ossuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capuchin_catacombs_of_palermo" class="mw-redirect" title="Capuchin catacombs of palermo">Capuchin catacombs of palermo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_death" title="Category:Films about death">Film</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Seventh_Seal" title="The Seventh Seal">The Seventh Seal</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ars_moriendi" title="Ars moriendi">Ars moriendi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bardo_Thodol" title="Bardo Thodol">Bardo Thodol</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Job" title="Book of Job">Book of Job</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Dead" title="Book of the Dead">Book of the Dead</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Ginza" title="Left Ginza">Left Ginza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_be,_or_not_to_be" title="To be, or not to be">Hamlet's soliloquy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Masque_of_the_Red_Death" title="The Masque of the Red Death">The Masque of the Red Death</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Category:Death_in_music" title="Category:Death in music">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Danse_macabre_(Saint-Sa%C3%ABns)" title="Danse macabre (Saint-Saëns)">Danse macabre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Death_and_Transfiguration" title="Death and Transfiguration">Death and Transfiguration</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Der_Tod_und_das_M%C3%A4dchen" title="Der Tod und das Mädchen">Der Tod und das Mädchen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Erlk%C3%B6nig_(Schubert)" title="Erlkönig (Schubert)">Erlkönig</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Totentanz_(Liszt)" title="Totentanz (Liszt)">Totentanz</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Category:Paintings_about_death" title="Category:Paintings about death">Painting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Et in Arcadia ego</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Et_in_Arcadia_ego_(Guercino)" title="Et in Arcadia ego (Guercino)">Guercino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Et_in_Arcadia_ego_(Poussin)" title="Et in Arcadia ego (Poussin)">Poussin</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Death_and_Fire" title="Death and Fire">Death and Fire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Death_and_Life" title="Death and Life">Death and Life</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Death_and_the_Maiden_(Baldung)" title="Death and the Maiden (Baldung)">Death and the Maiden</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Death_and_the_Miser" title="Death and the Miser">Death and the Miser</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gather_Ye_Rosebuds_While_Ye_May_(Waterhouse_painting_1909)" title="Gather Ye Rosebuds While Ye May (Waterhouse painting 1909)">Gather Ye Rosebuds While Ye May</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Calavera_Catrina" title="La Calavera Catrina">La Calavera Catrina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plague_(painting)" title="Plague (painting)">Plague</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_of_Skulls" title="Pyramid of Skulls">Pyramid of Skulls</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Widow_(Rossetti)" title="Roman Widow (Rossetti)">Roman Widow</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Self-Portrait_with_Death_Playing_the_Fiddle" title="Self-Portrait with Death Playing the Fiddle">Self-Portrait with Death Playing the Fiddle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Skull_of_a_Skeleton_with_Burning_Cigarette" title="Skull of a Skeleton with Burning Cigarette">Skull of a Skeleton with Burning Cigarette</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sleep_and_His_Half-Brother_Death" title="Sleep and His Half-Brother Death">Sleep and His Half-Brother Death</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ambassadors_(Holbein)" title="The Ambassadors (Holbein)">The Ambassadors</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Garden_of_Death" title="The Garden of Death">The Garden of Death</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Shadow_of_Death" title="The Shadow of Death">The Shadow of Death</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Three_Ages_of_Man_and_Death" class="mw-redirect" title="The Three Ages of Man and Death">The Three Ages of Man and Death</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Triumph_of_Death" title="The Triumph of Death">The Triumph of Death</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Category:Poems_about_death" title="Category:Poems about death">Poetry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/And_death_shall_have_no_dominion" title="And death shall have no dominion">And death shall have no dominion</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Because_I_could_not_stop_for_Death" title="Because I could not stop for Death">Because I could not stop for Death</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Erlk%C3%B6nig" title="Erlkönig">Erlkönig</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Do_not_go_gentle_into_that_good_night" title="Do not go gentle into that good night">Do not go gentle into that good night</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Horror_fiction" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Horror_fiction" title="Template:Horror fiction"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Horror_fiction" title="Template talk:Horror fiction"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Horror_fiction" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Horror fiction"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Horror_fiction" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Horror_fiction" title="Horror fiction">Horror fiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speculative_fiction" title="Speculative fiction">Speculative fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_horror_anime" title="List of horror anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_comics" title="Horror comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_film" title="Horror film">Films</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_horror_films" title="History of horror films">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_fiction_magazine" title="Horror fiction magazine">Magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_podcast" title="Horror podcast">Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_horror_television_programs" title="List of horror television programs">Television programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_video_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Horror video game">Video games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_horror_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="List of horror video games">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_horror" title="Art horror">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_horror" title="Black horror">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_horror" title="Body horror">Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_horror" title="Christmas horror">Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_comedy" title="Zombie comedy">Zombie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creepypasta" title="Creepypasta">Creepypasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmicism" title="Cosmicism">Cosmic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_fantasy" title="Dark fantasy">Dark fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Romanticism" title="Dark Romanticism">Dark Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Works_based_on_Faust" title="Works based on Faust">Faustian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimdark" title="Grimdark">Grimdark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splatterpunk" title="Splatterpunk">Splatterpunk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_horror" title="Erotic horror">Erotic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ero_guro" title="Ero guro">Guro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_erotica" title="Monster erotica">Monster erotica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_pornography" title="Zombie pornography">Zombie pornography</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_horror" title="Folk horror">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_story" title="Ghost story">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_giallo_films" title="List of giallo films">List of films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_fiction" title="Gothic fiction">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Gothic_fiction" title="American Gothic fiction">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Gothic" title="Southern Gothic">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ontario_Gothic" title="Southern Ontario Gothic">Southern Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Gothic" title="Tasmanian Gothic">Tasmanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Gothic" title="Urban Gothic">Urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_horror" title="Japanese horror">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_horror" title="Korean horror">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovecraftian_horror" title="Lovecraftian horror">Lovecraftian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster" title="Monster">Monsters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiangshi_fiction" title="Jiangshi fiction">Jiangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vampire_literature" title="Vampire literature">Vampire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werewolf_fiction" title="Werewolf fiction">Werewolf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occult_detective_fiction" title="Occult detective fiction">Occult detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_transplantation_in_fiction" title="Organ transplantation in fiction">Organ transplantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_dreadful" title="Penny dreadful">Penny dreadful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_horror" title="Postmodern horror">Postmodern horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_horror" title="Psychological horror">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_horror" title="Survival horror">Survival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-horror" title="Techno-horror">Techno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_fiction" title="Weird fiction">Weird fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_weird" title="New weird">New weird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_menace" title="Weird menace">Weird menace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_West" title="Weird West">Weird West</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_apocalypse" title="Zombie apocalypse">Zombie apocalypse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monster" title="Monster">Monsters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demon" title="Demon">Demons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devil" title="Devil">Devils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghoul" title="Ghoul">Ghouls</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evil_clown" title="Evil clown">Evil clowns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrials_in_fiction" title="Extraterrestrials in fiction">Extraterrestrials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-breathing_monster" title="Fire-breathing monster">Fire-breathing monsters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chimera_(mythology)" title="Chimera (mythology)">Chimera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon" title="Dragon">Dragons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gargoyle_(monster)" title="Gargoyle (monster)">Gargoyles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killer_toy" title="Killer toy">Killer toy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutants_in_fiction" title="Mutants in fiction">Mutants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogre" title="Ogre">Ogres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_monster" title="Sea monster">Sea monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piranha" title="Piranha">Piranha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shapeshifting" title="Shapeshifting">Therianthropes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Werecat" title="Werecat">Werecats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werewolf" title="Werewolf">Werewolves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undead" title="Undead">Undead</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personifications_of_death" title="Personifications of death">Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost" title="Ghost">Ghosts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy_(undead)" title="Mummy (undead)">Mummies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeleton_(undead)" title="Skeleton (undead)">Skeletons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vampire" title="Vampire">Vampires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombie" title="Zombie">Zombies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">Witches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_comedy" title="Black comedy">Black comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">Fantasy fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_fiction" title="Mystery fiction">Mystery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_fiction" title="Paranormal fiction">Paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gods_and_demons_fiction" title="Gods and demons fiction">Shenmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural_fiction" title="Supernatural fiction">Supernatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_(genre)" title="Thriller (genre)">Thriller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_legends_and_myths" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban legends and myths">Urban legend</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Guignol" title="Grand Guignol">Grand Guignol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_horror_fiction_writers" title="List of horror fiction writers">Writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_convention" title="Horror convention">Conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_themes_in_horror_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT themes in horror fiction">LGBT themes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_horror_television_series_with_LGBT_characters" title="List of horror television series with LGBT characters">characters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Macabre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_host" title="Horror host">Horror host</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_punk" title="Horror punk">Horror punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathrock" title="Deathrock">Deathrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horrorcore" title="Horrorcore">Horrorcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_magazine" title="Pulp magazine">Pulp magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database" title="Internet Speculative Fiction Database">Internet Speculative Fiction Database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bram_Stoker_Award" title="Bram Stoker Award">Bram Stoker Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_nasty" title="Video nasty">Video nasties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Horror_fiction" title="Category:Horror fiction">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Speculative_fiction/Horror" title="Portal:Speculative fiction/Horror">Portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐59b954b7fb‐24tc2 Cached time: 20241207144818 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.554 seconds Real time usage: 0.762 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1628/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 64351/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2396/2097152 bytes 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