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modification</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: hydrophobic modification"> <meta name="keywords" content="hydrophobic modification"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="hydrophobic modification"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1353</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: hydrophobic modification</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1353</span> Boiling Heat Transfer Enhancement Using Hydrophilic Millimeter Copper Free Particles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbasali%20Abouei%20Mehrizi">Abbasali Abouei Mehrizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hao%20Wang"> Hao Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leping%20Zhou"> Leping Zhou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modification of surface wettability is one of the conventional approaches to manipulate the boiling heat transfer. Instead of direct surface modification, in the present study, the surface is decorated with free copper particles with different hydrophobicity. We used millimeter-sized copper particles with two different hydrophobicity. The surface is covered with untreated, hydrophilic, and a combination of hydrophobic and hydrophilic copper particles separately, and the heat flux and wall superheat temperature was measured experimentally and compared with the bare polished copper surface. The results show that the untreated copper particles can slightly improve the boiling heat transfer when the hydrophilic copper particles have better performance. Combining hydrophilic and hydrophobic copper particles reduces boiling heat transfer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boiling%20heat%20transfer" title="boiling heat transfer">boiling heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper%20balls" title=" copper balls"> copper balls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobic" title=" hydrophobic"> hydrophobic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophilic" title=" hydrophilic"> hydrophilic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163360/boiling-heat-transfer-enhancement-using-hydrophilic-millimeter-copper-free-particles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163360.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1352</span> The Potential of Hydrophobically Modified Chitosan Cryogels to Be Used as Drug Delivery Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Courtney%20Evans">Courtney Evans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuto%20Morimitsu"> Yuto Morimitsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsubasa%20Hisadome"> Tsubasa Hisadome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Futo%20Inomoto"> Futo Inomoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masahiro%20Yoshida"> Masahiro Yoshida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takayuki%20Takei"> Takayuki Takei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrogels are useful biomaterials due to their highly biocompatible nature and their ability to absorb large quantities of liquid and mimic soft tissue. They are often used as therapeutic drug delivery systems. However, it is sometimes difficult to sustain controlled release when using hydrophobic medicines, as hydrogels are frequently hydrophilic. As such, this research shows the success of chitosan hydrogels modified through hydrophobic interaction. This was done through the imide bonding of the alkyl groups in fatty aldehydes and the amino groups in chitosan, followed by reductive animation. The resulting cryogels could be optimized for strength as well as sorption and desorption (of a hydrophobic dye used to mimic hydrophobic medicine) by varying the alkyl chain length and the substitution degree of the fatty aldehyde. Optimized cryogels showed potential as biomedical materials, particularly as drug delivery systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomedical%20materials" title="biomedical materials">biomedical materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitosan" title=" chitosan"> chitosan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20carriers" title=" drug carriers"> drug carriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobic%20modification" title=" hydrophobic modification"> hydrophobic modification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137406/the-potential-of-hydrophobically-modified-chitosan-cryogels-to-be-used-as-drug-delivery-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137406.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1351</span> Dielectric Spectroscopy Investigation of Hydrophobic Silica Aerogel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deniz%20Bozoglu">Deniz Bozoglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deniz%20Deger"> Deniz Deger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kemal%20Ulutas"> Kemal Ulutas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahin%20Yakut"> Sahin Yakut</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, silica aerogels have attracted great attention due to their outstanding properties, and their wide variety of potential applications such as microelectronics, nuclear and high-energy physics, optics and acoustics, superconductivity, space-physics. Hydrophobic silica aerogels were successfully synthesized in one-step by surface modification at ambient pressure. FT-IR result confirmed that Si-OH groups were successfully converted into hydrophobic and non-polar Si-CH3 groups by surface modification using trimethylchloro silane (TMCS) as co-precursor. Using Alpha-A High-Resolution Dielectric, Conductivity and Impedance Analyzer, AC conductivity of samples were examined at temperature range 293-423 K and measured over frequency range between 1-106 Hz. The characteristic relaxation time decreases with increasing temperature. The AC conductivity follows σ_AC (ω)=σ_t-σ_DC=Aω^s relation at frequencies higher than 10 Hz, and the dominant conduction mechanism is found to obey the Correlated Barrier Hopping (CBH) mechanism. At frequencies lower than 10 Hz, the electrical conduction is found to be in accordance with DC conduction mechanism. The activation energies obtained from AC conductivity results and it was observed two relaxation regions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerogel" title="aerogel">aerogel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthesis" title=" synthesis"> synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dielectric%20constant" title=" dielectric constant"> dielectric constant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dielectric%20loss" title=" dielectric loss"> dielectric loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relaxation%20time" title=" relaxation time"> relaxation time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92943/dielectric-spectroscopy-investigation-of-hydrophobic-silica-aerogel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92943.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1350</span> Surface Modified Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membranes for Potential Use in Membrane Distillation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lebea%20Nthunya">Lebea Nthunya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arne%20Verliefde"> Arne Verliefde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhekie%20Mamba"> Bhekie Mamba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabelo%20Mhlanga"> Sabelo Mhlanga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A study aimed at developing membrane distillation (MD) processes that can be used for brackish/saline water purification will be presented. MD is a membrane-based technology that presents a possibility to counteract challenges associated with pressure driven membranes at high separation efficiencies. Membrane distillation membranes (MDM) are affected by wettability and fouling. Wetting inside the pores of the membrane is elevated by the hydrophilic characteristic of the membrane, while fouling is mostly induced by the hydrophobic-hydrophobic interaction of pollutants and the surface of the hydrophobic membranes, hence block the pores of the membranes. These properties are not desirable. As such, a carefully designed polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) MDM composed of a super-hydrophobic modified backbone and a super-hydrophilic thin layer has been developed to concurrently overcome these challenges. The membranes were characterized using contact angle measurements to confirm their hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity. SEM and SAXS were used to study the morphology and pore distribution on the surface of the membrane. The contact angles of the active surface ≤ 30º and that of the backbone ≥ 140º has thus revealed that the active surface was highly hydrophilic while the backbone was highly hydrophobic. The SEM and the SAXS results have also confirmed that the membranes are highly porous. These materials demonstrated a potential to remove salts from water at high efficiencies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20distillation" title="membrane distillation">membrane distillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modification" title=" modification"> modification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desalination" title=" desalination"> desalination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71552/surface-modified-polyvinylidene-fluoride-membranes-for-potential-use-in-membrane-distillation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71552.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">253</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1349</span> Altering Surface Properties of Magnetic Nanoparticles with Single-Step Surface Modification with Various Surface Active Agents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krupali%20Mehta">Krupali Mehta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandip%20Bhatt"> Sandip Bhatt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umesh%20Trivedi"> Umesh Trivedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhavesh%20Bharatiya"> Bhavesh Bharatiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mukesh%20Ranjan"> Mukesh Ranjan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atindra%20D.%20Shukla"> Atindra D. Shukla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Owing to the dominating surface forces and large-scale surface interactions, the nano-scale particles face difficulties in getting suspended in various media. Magnetic nanoparticles of iron oxide offer a great deal of promise due to their ease of preparation, reasonable magnetic properties, low cost and environmental compatibility. We intend to modify the surface of magnetic Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles with selected surface modifying agents using simple and effective single-step chemical reactions in order to enhance dispersibility of magnetic nanoparticles in non-polar media. Magnetic particles were prepared by hydrolysis of Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ chlorides and their subsequent oxidation in aqueous medium. The dried particles were then treated with Octadecyl quaternary ammonium silane (Terrasil™), stearic acid and gallic acid ester of stearyl alcohol in ethanol separately to yield S-2 to S-4 respectively. The untreated Fe₂O₃ was designated as S-1. The surface modified nanoparticles were then analysed with Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy dispersive X-Ray analysis (SEM-EDAX). Characterization reveals the particle size averaging 20-50 nm with and without modification. However, the crystallite size in all cases remained ~7.0 nm with the diffractogram matching to Fe₂O₃ crystal structure. FT-IR suggested the presence of surfactants on nanoparticles’ surface, also confirmed by SEM-EDAX where mapping of elements proved their presence. TGA indicated the weight losses in S-2 to S-4 at 300°C onwards suggesting the presence of organic moiety. Hydrophobic character of modified surfaces was confirmed with contact angle analysis, all modified nanoparticles showed super hydrophobic behaviour with average contact angles ~129° for S-2, ~139.5° for S-3 and ~151° for S-4. This indicated that surface modified particles are super hydrophobic and they are easily dispersible in non-polar media. These modified particles could be ideal candidates to be suspended in oil-based fluids, polymer matrices, etc. We are pursuing elaborate suspension/sedimentation studies of these particles in various oils to establish this conjecture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20nanoparticles" title="iron nanoparticles">iron nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modification" title=" modification"> modification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobic" title=" hydrophobic"> hydrophobic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersion" title=" dispersion"> dispersion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92220/altering-surface-properties-of-magnetic-nanoparticles-with-single-step-surface-modification-with-various-surface-active-agents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92220.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1348</span> Quartz Crystal Microbalance Based Hydrophobic Nanosensor for Lysozyme Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Y%C4%B1lmaz">F. Yılmaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Saylan"> Y. Saylan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Derazshamshir"> A. Derazshamshir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Atay"> S. Atay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Denizli"> A. Denizli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), high-resolution mass-sensing technique, measures changes in mass on oscillating quartz crystal surface by measuring changes in oscillation frequency of crystal in real time. Protein adsorption techniques via hydrophobic interaction between protein and solid support, called hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC), can be favorable in many cases. Some nanoparticles can be effectively applied for HIC. HIC takes advantage of the hydrophobicity of proteins by promoting its separation on the basis of hydrophobic interactions between immobilized hydrophobic ligands and nonpolar regions on the surface of the proteins. Lysozyme is found in a variety of vertebrate cells and secretions, such as spleen, milk, tears, and egg white. Its common applications are as a cell-disrupting agent for extraction of bacterial intracellular products, as an antibacterial agent in ophthalmologic preparations, as a food additive in milk products and as a drug for treatment of ulcers and infections. Lysozyme has also been used in cancer chemotherapy. The aim of this study is the synthesis of hydrophobic nanoparticles for Lysozyme detection. For this purpose, methacryoyl-L-phenylalanine was chosen as a hydrophobic matrix. The hydrophobic nanoparticles were synthesized by micro-emulsion polymerization method. Then, hydrophobic QCM nanosensor was characterized by Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and zeta size analysis. Hydrophobic QCM nanosensor was tested for real-time detection of Lysozyme from aqueous solution. The kinetic and affinity studies were determined by using Lysozyme solutions with different concentrations. The responses related to a mass (Δm) and frequency (Δf) shifts were used to evaluate adsorption properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanosensor" title="nanosensor">nanosensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIC" title=" HIC"> HIC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lysozyme" title=" lysozyme"> lysozyme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QCM" title=" QCM"> QCM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23393/quartz-crystal-microbalance-based-hydrophobic-nanosensor-for-lysozyme-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23393.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1347</span> Experimental Study on the Molecular Spring Isolator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muchun%20Yu">Muchun Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xue%20Gao"> Xue Gao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qian%20Chen"> Qian Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a novel passive vibration isolation technology, molecular spring isolator (MSI) is investigated in this paper. An MSI consists of water and hydrophobic zeolites as working medium. Under periodic excitation, water molecules intrude into hydrophobic pores of zeolites when the pressure rises and water molecules extrude from hydrophobic pores when pressure drops. At the same time, energy is stored, released and dissipated. An MSI of piston-cylinder structure was designed in this work. Experiments were conducted to investigate the stiffness properties of MSI. The results show that MSI exhibits high-static-low dynamic (HSLD) stiffness. Furthermore, factors such as the quantity of zeolites, temperature, and ions in water are proved to have an influence on the stiffness properties of MSI. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobic%20zeolites" title="hydrophobic zeolites">hydrophobic zeolites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20spring" title=" molecular spring"> molecular spring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stiffness" title=" stiffness"> stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibration%20isolation" title=" vibration isolation"> vibration isolation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29568/experimental-study-on-the-molecular-spring-isolator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29568.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">476</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1346</span> Improvement on the Specific Activities of Immobilized Enzymes by Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Surface Modification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaohua%20Li">Shaohua Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aihua%20Zhang"> Aihua Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kelly%20Zatopek"> Kelly Zatopek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saba%20Parvez"> Saba Parvez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20F.%20Gardner"> Andrew F. Gardner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20R.%20Corr%C3%AAa%20Jr."> Ivan R. Corrêa Jr.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20J.%20Noren"> Christopher J. Noren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming-Qun%20Xu"> Ming-Qun Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Covalent immobilization of enzymes on solid supports is an alternative approach to biocatalysis with the added benefits of simple enzyme removal, improved stability, and adaptability to automation and high-throughput applications. Nevertheless, immobilized enzymes generally suffer from reduced activities compared to their soluble counterparts. One major factor leading to activity loss is the intrinsic hydrophobic property of the supporting material surface, which could result in the conformational change/confinement of enzymes. We report a strategy of utilizing flexible poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) moieties as to improve the surface hydrophilicity of solid supports used for enzyme immobilization. DNA modifying enzymes were covalently conjugated to PEO-coated magnetic-beads. Kinetics studies proved that the activities of the covalently-immobilized DNA modifying enzymes were greatly enhanced by the PEO modification on the bead surface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilized%20enzymes" title="immobilized enzymes">immobilized enzymes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biocatalysis" title=" biocatalysis"> biocatalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poly%28ethylene%20oxide%29" title=" poly(ethylene oxide)"> poly(ethylene oxide)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20modification" title=" surface modification"> surface modification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79716/improvement-on-the-specific-activities-of-immobilized-enzymes-by-polyethylene-oxide-surface-modification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79716.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1345</span> Dissociation of Hydrophobic Interactions in Whey Protein Polymers: Molecular Characterization Using Dilute Solution Viscometry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20S.%20Eissa">Ahmed S. Eissa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Whey represents about 85-95% of the milk volume and about 55% of milk nutrients. Whey proteins are of special importance in formulated foods due to their rich nutritional and functional benefits. Whey proteins form large polymers upon heating to a temperature greater than the denaturation temperature. Hydrophobic interactions play an important role in building whey protein polymers. In this study, dissociation of hydrophobic interactions of whey protein polymers was done by adding Sodium Dodecyl Sulphonate (SDS). At low SDS concentrations, protein polymers were dissociated to smaller chains, as revealed by dilution solution viscometry (DSV). Interestingly, at higher SDS concentrations, polymer molecules got larger in size. Intrinsic viscosity was increased to many folds when raising the SDS concentration from 0.5% to 2%. Complex molecular arrangement leads to the formation of larger macromolecules, due to micelle formation. The study opens a venue for manipulating and enhancing whey protein functional properties by manipulating the hydrophobic interactions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whey%20proteins" title="whey proteins">whey proteins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobic%20interactions" title=" hydrophobic interactions"> hydrophobic interactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SDS" title=" SDS"> SDS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81422/dissociation-of-hydrophobic-interactions-in-whey-protein-polymers-molecular-characterization-using-dilute-solution-viscometry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81422.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1344</span> Icephobic and Hydrophobic Behaviour of Laser Patterned Transparent Coatings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bart%C5%82omiej%20Przybyszewski">Bartłomiej Przybyszewski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafa%C5%82%20Kozera"> Rafał Kozera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Boczkowska"> Anna Boczkowska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maciej%20Traczyk"> Maciej Traczyk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paulina%20Kozera"> Paulina Kozera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malwina%20Liszewska"> Malwina Liszewska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daria%20Paku%C5%82a"> Daria Pakuła</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal of the work was to reduce or completely eliminate the accumulation of dirt, snow and ice build-up on transparent coatings by achieving self-cleaning and icephobic properties. The research involved the use of laser surface texturing technology for chemically modified coatings of the epoxy materials group and their hybrids used to protect glass surfaces. For this purpose, two methods of surface structuring and the preceding volumetric modification of the chemical composition with proprietary organosilicon compounds and/or mineral additives were used. An attractive approach to the topic was the development of efficient and, most importantly, durable coatings with self-cleaning and ice-phobic properties that reduced or avoided dirt build-up and adhesion of water, snow and ice. With a view to the future industrial application of the developed technologies, all methods meet the requirements in terms of their practical use on a large scale. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=icephobic%20coatings" title="icephobic coatings">icephobic coatings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobic%20coatings" title=" hydrophobic coatings"> hydrophobic coatings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transparent%20coatings" title=" transparent coatings"> transparent coatings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20patterning" title=" laser patterning"> laser patterning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151673/icephobic-and-hydrophobic-behaviour-of-laser-patterned-transparent-coatings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151673.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1343</span> Studies on Corrosion Resistant Composite Coating for Metallic Surfaces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navneetinder%20Singh">Navneetinder Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harprabhjot%20Singh"> Harprabhjot Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harpreet%20Singh"> Harpreet Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supreet%20Singh"> Supreet Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many materials are known to mankind that is widely used for synthesis of corrosion resistant hydrophobic coatings. In the current work, novel hydrophobic composite was synthesized by mixing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and 20 weight% ceria particles followed by sintering. This composite had same hydrophobic behavior as PTFE. Moreover, composite showed better scratch resistance than virgin PTFE. Pits of plasma sprayed Ni₃Al coating were exploited to hold PTFE composite on the substrate as Superni-75 alloy surface through sintering process. Plasma sprayed surface showed good adhesion with the composite coating during scratch test. Potentiodynamic corrosion test showed 100 fold decreases in corrosion rate of coated sample this may be attributed to inert and hydrophobic nature of PTFE and ceria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polytetrafluoroethylene" title="polytetrafluoroethylene">polytetrafluoroethylene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PTFE" title=" PTFE"> PTFE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceria" title=" ceria"> ceria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coating" title=" coating"> coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title=" corrosion"> corrosion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94265/studies-on-corrosion-resistant-composite-coating-for-metallic-surfaces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94265.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1342</span> Bis-Azlactone Based Biodegradable Poly(Ester Amide)s: Design, Synthesis and Study </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kobauri%20Sophio">Kobauri Sophio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kantaria%20Tengiz"> Kantaria Tengiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tugushi%20David"> Tugushi David</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Puiggali%20Jordi"> Puiggali Jordi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katsarava%20Ramaz"> Katsarava Ramaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biodegradable biomaterials (BB) are of high interest for numerous applications in modern medicine as resorbable surgical materials and drug delivery systems. This kind of materials can be cleared from the body after the fulfillment of their function that excludes a surgical intervention for their removal. One of the most promising BBare amino acids based biodegradable poly(ester amide)s (PEAs) which are composed of naturally occurring (α-amino acids) and non-toxic building blocks such as fatty diols and dicarboxylic acids. Key bis-nucleophilic monomers for synthesizing the PEAs are diamine-diesters-di-p-toluenesulfonic acid salts of bis-(α-amino acid)-alkylenediesters (TAADs) which form the PEAs after step-growth polymerization (polycondensation) with bis-electrophilic counter-partners - activated diesters of dicarboxylic acids. The PEAs combine all advantages of the 'parent polymers' – polyesters (PEs) and polyamides (PAs): Ability of biodegradation (PEs), a high affinity with tissues and a wide range of desired mechanical properties (PAs). The scopes of applications of thePEAs can substantially be expanded by their functionalization, e.g. through the incorporation of hydrophobic fragments into the polymeric backbones. Hydrophobically modified PEAs can form non-covalent adducts with various compounds that make them attractive as drug carriers. For hydrophobic modification of the PEAs, we selected so-called 'Azlactone Method' based on the application of p-phenylene-bis-oxazolinons (bis-azlactones, BALs) as active bis-electrophilic monomers in step-growth polymerization with TAADs. Interaction of BALs with TAADs resulted in the PEAs with low MWs (Mw2,800-19,600 Da) and poor material properties. The high-molecular-weight PEAs (Mw up to 100,000) with desirable material properties were synthesized after replacement of a part of BALs with activated diester - di-p-nitrophenylsebacate, or a part of TAAD with alkylenediamine – 1,6-hexamethylenediamine. The new hydrophobically modified PEAs were characterized by FTIR, NMR, GPC, and DSC. It was shown that after the hydrophobic modification the PEAs retain the biodegradability (in vitro study catalyzed by α-chymptrypsin and lipase), and are of interest for constructing resorbable surgical and pharmaceutical devices including drug delivering containers such as microspheres. The new PEAs are insoluble in hydrophobic organic solvents such as chloroform or dichloromethane (swell only) that allowed elaborating a new technology of fabricating microspheres. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amino%20acids" title="amino acids">amino acids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodegradable%20polymers" title=" biodegradable polymers"> biodegradable polymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bis-azlactones" title=" bis-azlactones"> bis-azlactones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microspheres" title=" microspheres"> microspheres</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55888/bis-azlactone-based-biodegradable-polyester-amides-design-synthesis-and-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55888.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1341</span> Development of Hydrophobic Coatings on Aluminum Alloy 7075</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nauman%20A.%20Siddiqui">Nauman A. Siddiqui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High performance requirement of aircrafts and marines industry demands to cater major industrial problems like wetting, high-speed efficiency, and corrosion resistance. These problems can be resolved by producing the hydrophobic surfaces on the metal substrate. By anodization process, the surface of AA 7075 has been modified and achieved a rough surface with a porous aluminum oxide (Al2O3) structure at nano-level. This surface modification process reduces the surface contact energy and increases the liquid contact angle which ultimately enhances the anti-icing properties. Later the Silane and Polyurethane (PU) coatings on the anodized surface have produced a contact angle of 130°. The results showed a good water repellency and self-cleaning properties. Using SEM analysis, micrographs revealed the round nano-porous oxide structure on the substrate. Therefore this technique can help in increasing the speed efficiency by reducing the friction with the outer interaction and can also be declared as a green technique since it is user-friendly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AA%207075" title="AA 7075">AA 7075</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobicity" title=" hydrophobicity"> hydrophobicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silanes" title=" silanes"> silanes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyurethane" title=" polyurethane"> polyurethane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anodization" title=" anodization"> anodization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68034/development-of-hydrophobic-coatings-on-aluminum-alloy-7075" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68034.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1340</span> Characterization of Edible Film from Uwi Starch (Dioscorea alata L.)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miksusanti">Miksusanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Herlina"> Herlina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wiwin"> Wiwin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The research about modification uwi starch (Dioscorea alata L) by using propylene oxide has been done. Concentration of propylene oxide were 6%(v/w), 8%(v/w), and 10%(v/w). The amilograf parameters after modification were characteristic breakdown viscosity 43 BU and setback viscosity 975 BU. The modification starch have edible properties according to FDA (Food and Drug Administration) which have degree of modification < 7%, degree of substitution < 0,1 and propylene oxide concentration < 10%(v/w). The best propylene oxide in making of edible film was 8 %( v/w). The starch control can be made into edible film with thickness 0,136 mm, tensile strength 20,4605 MPa and elongation 22%. Modification starch of uwi can be made into edible film with thickness 0,146 mm, tensile strength 25, 3521 Mpa, elongation 30% and water vapor transmission 7, 2651 g/m2/24 hours. FTIR characterization of uwi starch showed the occurrence of hydroxypropylation. The peak spectrum at 2900 cm-1 showed bonding of C-H from methyl group, which is characteristic for modification starch with hydroxypropyl. Characterization with scanning electron microscopy showed that modification of uwi starch has turned the granule of starch to be fully swallon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uwi%20starch" title="uwi starch">uwi starch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edible%20film" title=" edible film"> edible film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propylen%20oxide" title=" propylen oxide"> propylen oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modification" title=" modification"> modification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54718/characterization-of-edible-film-from-uwi-starch-dioscorea-alata-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54718.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1339</span> Nano-Structured Hydrophobic Silica Membrane for Gas Separation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajid%20Shah">Sajid Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoshimitsu%20Uemura"> Yoshimitsu Uemura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katsuki%20Kusakabe"> Katsuki Kusakabe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sol-gel derived hydrophobic silica membranes with pore sizes less than 1 nm are quite attractive for gas separation in a wide range of temperatures. A nano-structured hydrophobic membrane was prepared by sol-gel technique on a porous α–Al₂O₃ tubular support with yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) as an intermediate layer. Bistriethoxysilylethane (BTESE) derived sol was modified by adding phenyltriethoxysilylethane (PhTES) as an organic template. Six times dip coated modified silica membrane having a thickness of about 782 nm was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis, together along contact angle and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, showed that hydrophobic properties were improved by increasing the PhTES content. The contact angle of water droplet increased from 37° for pure to 111.5° for the modified membrane. The permeance of single gas H₂ was higher than H₂:CO₂ ratio of 75:25 binary feed mixtures. However, the permeance of H₂ for 60:40 H₂:CO₂ was found lower than single and binary mixture 75:25 H₂:CO₂. The binary selectivity values for 75:25 H₂:CO₂ were 24.75, 44, and 57, respectively. Selectivity had an inverse relation with PhTES content. Hydrophobicity properties were improved by increasing PhTES content in the silica matrix. The system exhibits proper three layers adhesion or integration, and smoothness. Membrane system suitable in steam environment and high-temperature separation. It was concluded that the hydrophobic silica membrane is highly promising for the separation of H₂/CO₂ mixture from various H₂-containing process streams. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20separation" title="gas separation">gas separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobic%20properties" title=" hydrophobic properties"> hydrophobic properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silica%20membrane" title=" silica membrane"> silica membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol%E2%80%93gel%20method" title=" sol–gel method"> sol–gel method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109807/nano-structured-hydrophobic-silica-membrane-for-gas-separation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109807.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1338</span> Electrokinetic Transport of Power Law Fluid through Hydrophobic Micro-Slits</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ainul%20Haque">Ainul Haque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ameeye%20Kumar%20Nayak"> Ameeye Kumar Nayak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Flow enhancement and species transport in a slit hydrophobic microchannel is studied for non-Newtonian fluids with the externally imposed electric field and pressure gradient. The incompressible Poisson-Nernst-Plank equations and the Navier-Stokes equations are approximated by lubrication theory to quantify the flow structure due to hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces. The analytical quantification of velocity and pressure of electroosmotic flow (EOF) is made with the numerical results due to the staggered grid based finite volume method for flow governing equations. The resistance force due to fluid friction and shear force along the surface are decreased by the hydrophobicity, enables the faster movement of fluid particles. The resulting flow enhancement factor Ef is increased with the low viscous fluid and provides maximum species transport. Also, the analytical comparison of EOF with pressure driven EOF justifies the flow enhancement due to hydrophobicity and shear impact on flow variation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electroosmotic%20flow" title="electroosmotic flow">electroosmotic flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobic%20surface" title=" hydrophobic surface"> hydrophobic surface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power-law%20fluid" title=" power-law fluid"> power-law fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20effect" title=" shear effect"> shear effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81689/electrokinetic-transport-of-power-law-fluid-through-hydrophobic-micro-slits" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81689.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1337</span> Modified Polysaccharide as Emulsifier in Oil-in-Water Emulsions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tatiana%20Marques%20Pessanha">Tatiana Marques Pessanha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aurora%20Perez-Gramatges"> Aurora Perez-Gramatges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Regina%20Sandra%20Veiga%20Nascimento"> Regina Sandra Veiga Nascimento</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Emulsions are commonly used in applications involving oil/water dispersions, where handling of interfaces becomes a crucial aspect. The use of emulsion technology has greatly evolved in the last decades to suit the most diverse uses, ranging from cosmetic products and biomedical adjuvants to complex industrial fluids. The stability of these emulsions is influenced by factors such as the amount of oil, size of droplets and emulsifiers used. While commercial surfactants are typically used as emulsifiers to reduce interfacial tension, and therefore increase emulsion stability, these organic amphiphilic compounds are often toxic and expensive. A suitable alternative for emulsifiers can be obtained from the chemical modification of polysaccharides. Our group has been working on modification of polysaccharides to be used as additives in a variety of fluid formulations. In particular, we have obtained promising results using chitosan, a natural and biodegradable polymer that can be easily modified due to the presence of amine groups in its chemical structure. In this way, it is possible to increase both the hydrophobic and hydrophilic character, which renders a water-soluble, amphiphilic polymer that can behave as an emulsifier. The aim of this work was the synthesis of chitosan derivatives structurally modified to act as surfactants in stable oil-in-water. The synthesis of chitosan derivatives occurred in two steps, the first being the hydrophobic modification with the insertion of long hydrocarbon chains, while the second step consisted in the cationization of the amino groups. All products were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and carbon magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) to evaluate the cationization and hydrofobization degrees. These modified polysaccharides were used to formulate oil-in water (O:W) emulsions with different oil/water ratios (i.e 25:75, 35:65, 60:40) using mineral paraffinic oil. The formulations were characterized according to the type of emulsion, density and rheology measurements, as well as emulsion stability at high temperatures. All emulsion formulations were stable for at least 30 days, at room temperature (25°C), and in the case of the high oil content emulsion (60:40), the formulation was also stable at temperatures up to 100°C. Emulsion density was in the range of 0.90-0.87 s.g. The rheological study showed a viscoelastic behaviour in all formulations at room temperature, which is in agreement with the high stability showed by the emulsions, since the polymer acts not only reducing interfacial tension, but also forming an elastic membrane at the oil/water interface that guarantees its integrity. The results obtained in this work are a strong evidence of the possibility of using chemically modified polysaccharides as environmentally friendly alternatives to commercial surfactants in the stabilization of oil-in water formulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emulsion" title="emulsion">emulsion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer" title=" polymer"> polymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polysaccharide" title=" polysaccharide"> polysaccharide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20modification" title=" chemical modification"> chemical modification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18862/modified-polysaccharide-as-emulsifier-in-oil-in-water-emulsions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18862.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1336</span> Micelles Made of Pseudo-Proteins for Solubilization of Hydrophobic Biologicals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sophio%20Kobauri">Sophio Kobauri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Tugushi"> David Tugushi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimir%20P.%20Torchilin"> Vladimir P. Torchilin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramaz%20Katsarava"> Ramaz Katsarava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrophobic / hydrophilically modified functional polymers are of high interest in modern biomedicine due to their ability to solubilize water-insoluble / poorly soluble (hydrophobic) drugs. Among the many approaches that are being developed in this direction, one of the most effective methods is the use of polymeric micelles (PMs) (micelles formed by amphiphilic block-copolymers) for solubilization of hydrophobic biologicals. For therapeutic purposes, PMs are required to be stable and biodegradable, although quite a few amphiphilic block-copolymers are described capable of forming stable micelles with good solubilization properties. For obtaining micelle-forming block-copolymers, polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivatives are desirable to use as hydrophilic shell because it represents the most popular biocompatible hydrophilic block and various hydrophobic blocks (polymers) can be attached to it. Although the construction of the hydrophobic core, due to the complex requirements and micelles structure development, is the very actual and the main problem for nanobioengineers. Considering the above, our research goal was obtaining biodegradable micelles for the solubilization of hydrophobic drugs and biologicals. For this purpose, we used biodegradable polymers– pseudo-proteins (PPs)(synthesized with naturally occurring amino acids and other non-toxic building blocks, such as fatty diols and dicarboxylic acids) as hydrophobic core since these polymers showed reasonable biodegradation rates and excellent biocompatibility. In the present study, we used the hydrophobic amino acid – L-phenylalanine (MW 4000-8000Da) instead of L-leucine. Amino-PEG (MW 2000Da) was used as hydrophilic fragments for constructing the suitable micelles. The molecular weight of PP (the hydrophobic core of micelle) was regulated by variation of used monomers ratios. Micelles were obtained by dissolving of synthesized amphiphilic polymer in water. The micelle-forming property was tested using dynamic light scattering (Malvern zetasizer NanoZSZEN3600). The study showed that obtaining amphiphilic block-copolymer form stable neutral micelles 100 ± 7 nm in size at 10mg/mL concentration, which is considered as an optimal range for pharmaceutical micelles. The obtained preliminary data allow us to conclude that the obtained micelles are suitable for the delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs and biologicals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amino%20acid%20%E2%80%93%20L-phenylalanine" title="amino acid – L-phenylalanine">amino acid – L-phenylalanine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pseudo-proteins" title=" pseudo-proteins"> pseudo-proteins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amphiphilic%20block-copolymers" title=" amphiphilic block-copolymers"> amphiphilic block-copolymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodegradable%20micelles" title=" biodegradable micelles"> biodegradable micelles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109290/micelles-made-of-pseudo-proteins-for-solubilization-of-hydrophobic-biologicals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109290.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1335</span> Synthesis of Electrospun Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/Polyvinylidene Fluoriure (PVDF) Nanofibrous Membranes for CO₂ Capture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen-Wen%20Wang">Wen-Wen Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qian%20Ye"> Qian Ye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Feng%20Lin"> Yi-Feng Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Carbon dioxide emissions are expected to increase continuously, resulting in climate change and global warming. As a result, CO₂ capture has attracted a large amount of research attention. Among the various CO₂ capture methods, membrane technology has proven to be highly efficient in capturing CO₂, because it can be scaled up, low energy consumptions and small area requirements for use by the gas separation. Various nanofibrous membranes were successfully prepared by a simple electrospinning process. The membrane contactor combined with chemical absorption and membrane process in the post-combustion CO₂ capture is used in this study. In a membrane contactor system, the highly porous and water-repellent nanofibrous membranes were used as a gas-liquid interface in a membrane contactor system for CO₂ absorption. In this work, we successfully prepared the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) porous membranes with an electrospinning process. Afterwards, the as-prepared water-repellent PVDF porous membranes were used for the CO₂ capture application. However, the pristine PVDF nanofibrous membranes were wetted by the amine absorbents, resulting in the decrease in the CO₂ absorption flux, the hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) materials were added into the PVDF nanofibrous membranes to improve the solvent resistance of the membranes. To increase the hydrophobic properties and CO₂ absorption flux, more hydrophobic surfaces of the PDMS/PVDF nanofibrous membranes are obtained by the grafting of fluoroalkylsilane (FAS) on the membranes surface. Furthermore, the highest CO₂ absorption flux of the PDMS/PVDF nanofibrous membranes is reached after the FAS modification with four times. The PDMS/PVDF nanofibrous membranes with 60 wt% PDMS addition can be a long and continuous operation of the CO₂ absorption and regeneration experiments. It demonstrates the as-prepared PDMS/PVDF nanofibrous membranes could potentially be used for large-scale CO₂ absorption during the post-combustion process in power plants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82%20capture" title="CO₂ capture">CO₂ capture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospinning%20process" title=" electrospinning process"> electrospinning process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20contactor" title=" membrane contactor"> membrane contactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofibrous%20membranes" title=" nanofibrous membranes"> nanofibrous membranes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PDMS%2FPVDF" title=" PDMS/PVDF"> PDMS/PVDF</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63215/synthesis-of-electrospun-polydimethylsiloxane-pdmspolyvinylidene-fluoriure-pvdf-nanofibrous-membranes-for-co2-capture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63215.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1334</span> Influence of Hydrophobic Surface on Flow Past Square Cylinder</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ajith%20Kumar">S. Ajith Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vaisakh%20S.%20Rajan"> Vaisakh S. Rajan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In external flows, vortex shedding behind the bluff bodies causes to experience unsteady loads on a large number of engineering structures, resulting in structural failure. Vortex shedding can even turn out to be disastrous like the Tacoma Bridge failure incident. We need to have control over vortex shedding to get rid of this untoward condition by reducing the unsteady forces acting on the bluff body. In circular cylinders, hydrophobic surface in an otherwise no-slip surface is found to be delaying separation and minimizes the effects of vortex shedding drastically. Flow over square cylinder stands different from this behavior as separation can takes place from either of the two corner separation points (front or rear). An attempt is made in this study to numerically elucidate the effect of hydrophobic surface in flow over a square cylinder. A 2D numerical simulation has been done to understand the effects of the slip surface on the flow past square cylinder. The details of the numerical algorithm will be presented at the time of the conference. A non-dimensional parameter, Knudsen number is defined to quantify the slip on the cylinder surface based on Maxwell’s equation. The slip surface condition of the wall affects the vorticity distribution around the cylinder and the flow separation. In the numerical analysis, we observed that the hydrophobic surface enhances the shedding frequency and damps down the amplitude of oscillations of the square cylinder. We also found that the slip has a negative effect on aerodynamic force coefficients such as the coefficient of lift (CL), coefficient of drag (CD) etc. and hence replacing the no slip surface by a hydrophobic surface can be treated as an effective drag reduction strategy and the introduction of hydrophobic surface could be utilized for reducing the vortex induced vibrations (VIV) and is found as an effective method in controlling VIV thereby controlling the structural failures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drag%20reduction" title="drag reduction">drag reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20past%20square%20cylinder" title=" flow past square cylinder"> flow past square cylinder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20control" title=" flow control"> flow control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobic%20surfaces" title=" hydrophobic surfaces"> hydrophobic surfaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vortex%20shedding" title=" vortex shedding "> vortex shedding </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27450/influence-of-hydrophobic-surface-on-flow-past-square-cylinder" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1333</span> Learning Materials of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Process: Turning Hydrophilic Surface to Hydrophobic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.W.%20Kan">C.W. Kan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the use of atmospheric pressure plasma for improving the surface hydrophobicity of polyurethane synthetic leather with tetramethylsilane (TMS). The atmospheric pressure plasma treatment with TMS is a single-step process to enhance the hydrophobicity of polyurethane synthetic leather. The hydrophobicity of the treated surface was examined by contact angle measurement. The physical and chemical surface changes were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The purpose of this paper is to provide learning materials for understanding how to use atmospheric pressure plasma in the textile finishing process to transform a hydrophilic surface to hydrophobic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Learning%20materials" title="Learning materials">Learning materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atmospheric%20pressure%20plasma%20treatment" title=" atmospheric pressure plasma treatment"> atmospheric pressure plasma treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobic" title=" hydrophobic"> hydrophobic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophilic" title=" hydrophilic"> hydrophilic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface" title=" surface"> surface</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49534/learning-materials-of-atmospheric-pressure-plasma-process-turning-hydrophilic-surface-to-hydrophobic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49534.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1332</span> Highly Transparent, Hydrophobic and Self-Cleaning ZnO-Durazane Based Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Coatings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abderrahmane%20Hamdi">Abderrahmane Hamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julie%20Chalon"> Julie Chalon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benoit%20Dodin"> Benoit Dodin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philippe%20Champagne"> Philippe Champagne</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this report, we present a simple route to realize robust, hydrophobic, and highly transparent coatings using organic polysilazane (durazane) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO). These coatings were deposited by spraying the mixture solution on glass slides. Thus, the properties of the films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV–vis-NIR spectrophotometer, and water contact angle method. This sprayable polymer mixed with ZnO nanoparticles shows high transparency for visible light > 90%, a hydrophobic character (CA > 90°), and good mechanical and chemical stability. The coating also demonstrates excellent self-cleaning properties, which makes it a promising candidate for commercial use. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coatings" title="coatings">coatings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=durability" title=" durability"> durability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobicity" title=" hydrophobicity"> hydrophobicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20polysilazane" title=" organic polysilazane"> organic polysilazane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-cleaning" title=" self-cleaning"> self-cleaning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transparence" title=" transparence"> transparence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20oxide%20nanoparticles" title=" zinc oxide nanoparticles"> zinc oxide nanoparticles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124131/highly-transparent-hydrophobic-and-self-cleaning-zno-durazane-based-hybrid-organic-inorganic-coatings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124131.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1331</span> Efficacy Enhancement of Hydrophobic Antibiotics Employing Rhamnolipid as Biosurfactant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdurrahim%20A.%20Elouzi">Abdurrahim A. Elouzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdurrauf%20M.%20Gusbi"> Abdurrauf M. Gusbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20M.%20Elgerbi"> Ali M. Elgerbi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Antibiotic resistance has become a global public-health problem, thus it is imperative that new antibiotics continue to be developed. Major problems are being experienced in human medicine from antibiotic resistant bacteria. Moreover, no new chemical class of antibiotics has been introduced into medicine in the past two decades. The aim of the current study presents experimental results that evaluate the capability of bio surfactant rhamnolipid on enhancing the efficacy of hydrophobic antibiotics. Serial dilutions of azithromycin and clarithromycin were prepared. A bacterial suspension (approximately 5 X 105 CFU) from an overnight culture in MSM was inoculated into 20 ml sterile test tube each containing a serial 10-fold dilution of the test antibiotic(s) in broth with or without 200 mgL-1 rhamnolipid. The tubes were incubated for 24 h with vigorous shaking at 37°C. Antimicrobial activity in multiple antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria pathogens and gram-positive bacteria were assessed using optical density technique. The results clearly demonstrated that the presence of rhamnolipid significantly improved the efficiency of both antibiotics. We hypothesized that the addition of rhamnolipid at low concentration, causes release of LPS which results in an increase in cell surface hydrophobicity. This allows increased association of cells with hydrophobic antibiotics resulting in increased cytotoxicity rates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobic%20antibiotics" title="hydrophobic antibiotics">hydrophobic antibiotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosurfactant" title=" biosurfactant"> biosurfactant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhamnolipid" title=" rhamnolipid"> rhamnolipid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=azithromycin" title=" azithromycin"> azithromycin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clarithromycin" title=" clarithromycin "> clarithromycin </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16898/efficacy-enhancement-of-hydrophobic-antibiotics-employing-rhamnolipid-as-biosurfactant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16898.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">516</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1330</span> A Facile One Step Modification of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) via Smart Polymers for Biomicrofluidics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Aslihan%20Gokaltun">A. Aslihan Gokaltun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20L.%20Yarmush"> Martin L. Yarmush</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayse%20Asatekin"> Ayse Asatekin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Berk%20Usta"> O. Berk Usta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is one of the most widely used materials in the fabrication of microfluidic devices. It is easily patterned and can replicate features down to nanometers. Its flexibility, gas permeability that allows oxygenation, and low cost also drive its wide adoption. However, a major drawback of PDMS is its hydrophobicity and fast hydrophobic recovery after surface hydrophilization. This results in significant non-specific adsorption of proteins as well as small hydrophobic molecules such as therapeutic drugs limiting the utility of PDMS in biomedical microfluidic circuitry. While silicon, glass, and thermoplastics have been used, they come with problems of their own such as rigidity, high cost, and special tooling needs, which limit their use to a smaller user base. Many strategies to alleviate these common problems with PDMS are lack of general practical applicability, or have limited shelf lives in terms of the modifications they achieve. This restricts large scale implementation and adoption by industrial and research communities. Accordingly, we aim to tailor biocompatible PDMS surfaces by developing a simple and one step bulk modification approach with novel smart materials to reduce non-specific molecular adsorption and to stabilize long-term cell analysis with PDMS substrates. Smart polymers that blended with PDMS during device manufacture, spontaneously segregate to surfaces when in contact with aqueous solutions and create a < 1 nm layer that reduces non-specific adsorption of organic and biomolecules. Our methods are fully compatible with existing PDMS device manufacture protocols without any additional processing steps. We have demonstrated that our modified PDMS microfluidic system is effective at blocking the adsorption of proteins while retaining the viability of primary rat hepatocytes and preserving the biocompatibility, oxygen permeability, and transparency of the material. We expect this work will enable the development of fouling-resistant biomedical materials from microfluidics to hospital surfaces and tubing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20culture" title="cell culture">cell culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microfluidics" title=" microfluidics"> microfluidics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-specific%20protein%20adsorption" title=" non-specific protein adsorption"> non-specific protein adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PDMS" title=" PDMS"> PDMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20polymers" title=" smart polymers"> smart polymers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69953/a-facile-one-step-modification-of-polydimethylsiloxane-via-smart-polymers-for-biomicrofluidics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69953.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1329</span> Preparation of hydrophobic silica membranes supported on alumina hollow fibers for pervaporation applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ami%20Okabe">Ami Okabe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daisuke%20Gondo"> Daisuke Gondo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akira%20Ogawa"> Akira Ogawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasuhisa%20Hasegawa"> Yasuhisa Hasegawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koichi%20Sato"> Koichi Sato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadao%20Araki"> Sadao Araki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hideki%20Yamamoto"> Hideki Yamamoto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Membrane separation draws attention as the energy-saving technology. Pervaporation (PV) uses hydrophobic ceramic membranes to separate organic compounds from industrial wastewaters. PV makes it possible to separate organic compounds from azeotropic mixtures and from aqueous solutions. For the PV separation of low concentrations of organics from aqueous solutions, hydrophobic ceramic membranes are expected to have high separation performance compared with that of conventional hydrophilic membranes. Membrane separation performance is evaluated based on the pervaporation separation index (PSI), which depends on both the separation factor and the permeate flux. Ingenuity is required to increase the PSI such that the permeate flux increases without reducing the separation factor or to increase the separation factor without reducing the flux. A thin separation layer without defects and pinholes is required. In addition, it is known that the flux can be increased without reducing the separation factor by reducing the diffusion resistance of the membrane support. In a previous study, we prepared hydrophobic silica membranes by a molecular templating sol−gel method using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to form pores suitable for permitting the passage of organic compounds through the membrane. We separated low-concentration organics from aqueous solutions by PV using these membranes. In the present study, hydrophobic silica membranes were prepared on a porous alumina hollow fiber support that is thinner than the previously used alumina support. Ethyl acetate (EA) is used in large industrial quantities, so it was selected as the organic substance to be separated. Hydrophobic silica membranes were prepared by dip-coating porous alumina supports with a -alumina interlayer into a silica sol containing CTAB and vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) as the silica precursor. Membrane thickness increases with the lifting speed of the sol in the dip-coating process. Different thicknesses of the γ-alumina layer were prepared by dip-coating the support into a boehmite sol at different lifting speeds (0.5, 1, 3, and 5 mm s-1). Silica layers were subsequently formed by dip-coating using an immersion time of 60 s and lifting speed of 1 mm s-1. PV measurements of the EA (5 wt.%)/water system were carried out using VTMS hydrophobic silica membranes prepared on -alumina layers of different thicknesses. Water and EA flux showed substantially constant value despite of the change of the lifting speed to form the γ-alumina interlayer. All prepared hydrophobic silica membranes showed the higher PSI compared with the hydrophobic membranes using the previous alumina support of hollow fiber. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20separation" title="membrane separation">membrane separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pervaporation" title=" pervaporation"> pervaporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobic" title=" hydrophobic"> hydrophobic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silica" title=" silica"> silica</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35530/preparation-of-hydrophobic-silica-membranes-supported-on-alumina-hollow-fibers-for-pervaporation-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35530.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1328</span> Chemical Modification of Jute Fibers with Oxidative Agents for Usability as Reinforcement in Polymeric Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasemin%20Seki">Yasemin Seki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aysun%20Ak%C5%9Fit"> Aysun Akşit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal of this research is to modify the surface characterization of jute yarns with different chemical agents to improve the compatibility with a non-polar polymer, polypropylene, when used as reinforcement. A literature review provided no knowledge on surface treatment of jute fibers with sodium perborate trihydrate. This study also aims to compare the efficiency of sodium perborate trihydrate on jute fiber treatment with other commonly used chemical agents. Accordingly, jute yarns were treated with 0.02% potassium dichromate (PD), potassium permanganate (PM) and sodium perborate trihydrate (SP) aqueous solutions in order to enhance interfacial compatibility with polypropylene in this study. The effect of treatments on surface topography, surface chemistry and interfacial shear strength of jute yarns with polypropylene were investigated. XPS results revealed that surface treatments enhanced surface hydrophobicity by increasing C/O ratios of fiber surface. Surface roughness values increased with the treatments. The highest interfacial adhesion with polypropylene was achieved after SP treatment by providing the highest surface roughness values and hydrophobic character of jute fiber. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jute" title="jute">jute</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20modification" title=" chemical modification"> chemical modification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20perborate" title=" sodium perborate"> sodium perborate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polypropylene" title=" polypropylene"> polypropylene</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25462/chemical-modification-of-jute-fibers-with-oxidative-agents-for-usability-as-reinforcement-in-polymeric-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25462.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">508</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1327</span> Coalescence Cascade of Vertically-aligned Water Drops on a Super-hydrophobic Surface in Silicone Oil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Brik">M. Brik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Harmand"> S. Harmand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Zaaroura"> I. Zaaroura </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This report, an experimental investigation, concerns the sessile daughter drop remaining during the coalescence of water drops in a liquid-liquid (LL) system. The two drops are initially vertically aligned where the sessile drop is deposited on a chemically treated super-hydrophobic surface of a cube fill of silicone oil. In order to analyze the coalescence dynamics, a series of experiments have been performed using a generation droplets system (KRUSS) that measures contact angles as well coupled with a high-speed camera (Keyence VW-9000E) to record the process at a frame rate of 15000s-1. It’s depicted that in such configuration, the head drop volume has a primordial impact on the dynamics of the coalescence process, especially at the last stage. It’s found that for a sessile drop deposited on a super-hydrophobic surface, where the contact angle is about θ ≈ 145°, the coalescence process is remarked to be complete without any recoiling of the coalesced drop or a generation of a sessile daughter drop at the super-hydrophobic surface when the head drop volume is small enough (Vₐᵦ< Vₛ up to Vₐᵦ = 3Vₛ). On the other side, the coalescence process starts to be followed by jumping off the resulted drop as well as a remaining of a small sessile daughter drop on the bottom surface of the cube from a head drop volume Vₐᵦ of about 4 times than that of the sessile drop Vₛ. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drops%20coalescence" title="drops coalescence">drops coalescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersed%20multiphase%20flow" title=" dispersed multiphase flow"> dispersed multiphase flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drops%20dynamics" title=" drops dynamics"> drops dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid-liquid%20system" title=" liquid-liquid system"> liquid-liquid system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137757/coalescence-cascade-of-vertically-aligned-water-drops-on-a-super-hydrophobic-surface-in-silicone-oil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137757.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1326</span> Covalent Functionalization of Graphene Oxide with Aliphatic Polyisocyanate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Changizi">E. Changizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Ghasemi"> E. Ghasemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Ramezanzadeh"> B. Ramezanzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mahdavian"> M. Mahdavian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the graphene oxide was functionalized with polyisocyanate (piGO). The functionalization was carried out at 45⁰C for 24 hrs under nitrogen atmosphere. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were utilized in order to evaluate the GO functionalization. The GO and piGO stability were then investigated in polar and nonpolar solvents. Results obtained showed that polyisocyanate was successfully grafted on the surface of graphen oxide sheets through covalent bonds formation. The surface nature of the graphen oxide was changed into the hydrophobic after functionalization. Moreover, the graphen oxide sheets interlayer distance increased after modification. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphen%20oxide" title="graphen oxide">graphen oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functionalization" title=" functionalization"> functionalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyisocyanate" title=" polyisocyanate"> polyisocyanate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TGA" title=" TGA"> TGA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FTIR" title=" FTIR "> FTIR </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11430/covalent-functionalization-of-graphene-oxide-with-aliphatic-polyisocyanate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11430.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1325</span> Porosity and Surface Chemistry of Functionalized Carbonaceous Materials from Date Palm Leaflets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El-Said%20I.%20El-Shafey">El-Said I. El-Shafey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syeda%20Naheed%20F.%20Ali"> Syeda Naheed F. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20S.%20Al-Busafi"> Saleh S. Al-Busafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haider%20A.%20J.%20Al-Lawati"> Haider A. J. Al-Lawati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Date palm leaflets were utilized as a precursor for activated carbon (AC) preparation using KOH activation. AC produced was oxidized using nitric acid producing oxidized activated carbon (OAC). OAC that possesses acidic surface was surface functionalized to produce basic activated carbons using linear diamine compounds (ethylene diamine and propylene diamine). OAC was also functionalized to produce hydrophobic activated carbons using ethylamine (EA) and aniline (AN). Dehydrated carbon was also prepared from date palm leaflets using sulfuric acid dehydration/ oxidation and was surface functionalized in the same way as AC. Nitric acid oxidation was not necessary for DC as it is acidic carbon. The surface area of AC is high (823 m2/g) with microporosity domination, however, after oxidation and surface functionalization, both the surface area and surface microporosity decrease tremendously. DC surface area was low (15 m2/g) with mesoporosity domination. Surface functionalization has decreased the surface area of activated carbons. FTIR spectra show that -COOH group on DC and OAC almost disappeared after surface functionalization. The surface chemistry of all carbons produced was tested for pHzpc, basic sites, boehm titration, thermogravimetric analysis and zeta potential measurement. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy in addition to CHN elemental analysis were also carried out. DC and OAC possess low pHzpc and high surface functionality, however, basic and hydrophobic carbons possess high pHzpc and low surface functionality. The different behavior of carbons is related to their different surface chemistry. Methylene blue adsorption was found to be faster on hydrophobic carbons based on AC and DC. The Larger adsorption capacity of methylene blue was found for hydrophobic carbons. Dominating adsorption forces of methylene blue varies from carbon to another depending on its surface nature. Sorption forces include hydrophobic forces, H-bonding, electrostatic interactions and van der Waals forces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon" title="carbon">carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acidic" title=" acidic"> acidic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basic" title=" basic"> basic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobic" title=" hydrophobic"> hydrophobic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66827/porosity-and-surface-chemistry-of-functionalized-carbonaceous-materials-from-date-palm-leaflets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1324</span> Behavioral Problems Among Down Syndrome Children in the Special Education Complex Peshawar</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huma%20Atta">Huma Atta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ishrat%20Rehman"> Ishrat Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Umair"> Muhammad Umair</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: To find out the effectiveness of Dr. Stein behavioural modification strategies among Down syndrome children’s behavioural problems. Material & Methods: We took a group of individuals (aged 8-16) having Down syndrome from national special education complex, Peshawar. They were assessed through the behavioural problem index to give us an idea on their behaviour problems, those with a behavioural problem were kept in therapy for further sessions to help them improve. Results: A treatment plan was made according to the extracted behavioural problems of Down syndrome children. Dr. Stein recommended behavioural modification treatment strategies were used for behavioural modification of Down syndrome children (Routine, reward, choice, redirection and consistency). Pre-intervention (M=69.11, SD=6.27) and post-intervention (M=61.33, SD=6.51) conditions; t (8) =2.70, p=0.027. Conclusion: After the successful completion of 9 sessions with Down syndrome children, their behavioural problems were reassessed. Results indicated that Dr. Stein behavioural modification strategy is an effective treatment plan for the modification of behavioural problems among Down syndrome children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior" title="behavior">behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=down%20syndrome" title=" down syndrome"> down syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=treatment" title=" treatment"> treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategies" title=" strategies"> strategies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193314/behavioral-problems-among-down-syndrome-children-in-the-special-education-complex-peshawar" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193314.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">11</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobic%20modification&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobic%20modification&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobic%20modification&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobic%20modification&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobic%20modification&page=6">6</a></li> 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