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.desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Cretan revolt of 1878</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Cretan_1878_Insurrection.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_the_Cretan_1878_Insurrection.png/220px-Flag_of_the_Cretan_1878_Insurrection.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_the_Cretan_1878_Insurrection.png/330px-Flag_of_the_Cretan_1878_Insurrection.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_the_Cretan_1878_Insurrection.png/440px-Flag_of_the_Cretan_1878_Insurrection.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span><br />A revolutionary flag used by Nicholaos Andreakis</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>January – October 1878</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Crete" title="Ottoman Crete">Ottoman Crete</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Ottoman Victory</li></ul></div> <ul><li>Crete does not achieve autonomy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pact_of_Halepa" title="Pact of Halepa">Pact of Halepa</a> signed</li> <li>More rights granted to Cretan Greeks</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_the_Cretan_1878_Insurrection.png/23px-Flag_of_the_Cretan_1878_Insurrection.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_the_Cretan_1878_Insurrection.png/35px-Flag_of_the_Cretan_1878_Insurrection.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_the_Cretan_1878_Insurrection.png/45px-Flag_of_the_Cretan_1878_Insurrection.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></span></span></span> Greek revolutionaries<br /><b>Supported by:</b><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece"><img alt="Kingdom of Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg/23px-State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg/35px-State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg/45px-State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Greece</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Cretan revolt of 1878</b> was an insurrection of the <a href="/wiki/Cretan" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretan">Cretan</a> people against the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> occupation of the island. This insurrection is part of a larger movement for independence from the Ottoman Empire, which Crete was part of since the middle of the 17th century. </p><p>This conflict was marked by the <a href="/wiki/Pact_of_Halepa" title="Pact of Halepa">Pact of Halepa</a> which ended it and accorded a certain number of concessions to the Cretan people. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Context">Context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cretan_revolt_(1878)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beginning in 1645, the <a href="/wiki/Cretan_War_(1645%E2%80%9369)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretan War (1645–69)">conquest</a> of <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> was completed in 1669 with the end of the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Candia" title="Siege of Candia">Siege of Candia</a>. The Ottoman period of the history of the island was interspersed with insurrections. In 1821, Greece revolted against the Ottoman occupation, and Crete takes part in the <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek Revolution</a>. But in 1830, in the end of the war, Crete wasn't a part of the new <a href="/wiki/First_Hellenic_Republic" title="First Hellenic Republic">Greek State</a>. The island passed under the authority of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_of_Egypt" title="Muhammad Ali of Egypt">Muhammad Ali of Egypt</a>, for the services to the Ottoman Empire in the Greek Revolution in the Peloponnese. This Egyptian parenthesis lasted no more than ten years, and in 1840, Crete returned to the authority of the Sultan. Despite a new attempt of insurrection of the Cretan people, Crete knew a period of relative peace until 1866. </p><p>On 30 March 1856, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1856)" title="Treaty of Paris (1856)">Treaty of Paris</a> obliged the sultan to apply the <i><a href="/wiki/Hatt-%C4%B1_h%C3%BCmayun" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatt-ı hümayun">hatt-ı hümayun</a></i>, that is to say the civil and religious equality of Christians and Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ottoman authorities in Crete were reluctant to carry out these reforms.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the many conversions of Muslims (mostly old Christians who had converted to Islam and therefore relapses), the Empire tried to return to the liberty of conscience.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The four following decades (until the independence in 1898), the revolts just follow the path opened by the <i>hatt-ı hümayun</i>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Cretan_Revolt_(1866%E2%80%9369)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretan Revolt (1866–69)">Cretan Revolt of 1866–1869</a> made advances for the Cretan people. On 11 November 1867, Ali proposed a new administrative project, the "Organic Law", with a certain number of privileges, notably a limited representation of the Cretan element in the administration of the island, tax breaks, the establishment of a bank and the full equivalence of two languages, Greek and Turkish.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The international events that destabilised the Balkans (revolts of Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1875 and of <a href="/wiki/April_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="April Uprising">Bulgaria in 1876</a>, intervention of Serbia and Montenegro on the side of the rebels) came to add to the ambient atmosphere. These movements encouraged the Christian community of Crete to demand reforms. A volition that was amplified while in 1875, the majority of the Christian representatives of the assembly weren't rural, but the doctors and the lawyers were often from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Athens" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Athens">University of Athens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cretan assembly forwarded to the Sultan, on 22 May 1876, a series of complaints whose the best representation of Christians in the assembly. On 2 August, the <a href="/wiki/Sublime_Porte" title="Sublime Porte">Porte</a> made publicly obvious its denial to accede to all of the complaints, of the foundation of a bank, the establishment of an obligatory public school and the right to publish newspapers.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another cause of the uprising of 1878 was the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%9378)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Turkish War (1877–78)">Russo-Turkish War</a> in 1877. The start of war of Russia against the Ottoman Empire was viewed as an opportunity for the Cretan people to revolt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Revolt_of_1878">Revolt of 1878</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cretan_revolt_(1878)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Revolt of 1878"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:325_of_Cassell%27s_Illustrated_History_of_the_Russo-Turkish_War,_Part_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/325_of_Cassell%27s_Illustrated_History_of_the_Russo-Turkish_War%2C_Part_2.png/220px-325_of_Cassell%27s_Illustrated_History_of_the_Russo-Turkish_War%2C_Part_2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/325_of_Cassell%27s_Illustrated_History_of_the_Russo-Turkish_War%2C_Part_2.png/330px-325_of_Cassell%27s_Illustrated_History_of_the_Russo-Turkish_War%2C_Part_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/325_of_Cassell%27s_Illustrated_History_of_the_Russo-Turkish_War%2C_Part_2.png/440px-325_of_Cassell%27s_Illustrated_History_of_the_Russo-Turkish_War%2C_Part_2.png 2x" data-file-width="772" data-file-height="556" /></a><figcaption><i>Insurrection in Crete: Fort Faleocastro</i> (<i>Cassell's Illustrated History of the Russo-Turkish War</i>, Part 2, 1890)</figcaption></figure> <p>Despite the concessions accorded on August 1876, the anger rose among the population. The first armed bands started reuniting in the mountains. The Ottoman administration tried to put a halt to this protestation movement by its root by arresting the deputy of <a href="/wiki/Chania" title="Chania">Chania</a>, and one of the emblematic figures of the Christian community. This event was the cause of the first manifestation of the history of Crete, facing the residence of the governor of the island.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 1877, a committee of 44 members was elected in the west of the island in order to treat the Cretan question. Three revolutionary committees were organised in <a href="/wiki/Vamos" title="Vamos">Vamos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chania" title="Chania">Chania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rethymno" title="Rethymno">Rethymno</a> and were supplied in arms from Athens. On August, a post-revolutionary committee was elected in Chania. The representatives of all these committees were reunited in <a href="/wiki/Fres" title="Fres">Fres</a> with the goal of electing a <a href="/wiki/Presidium" title="Presidium">Presidium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the conflict turning out against the Ottoman Empire, Greece chose to accentuate its support in Crete. <a href="/wiki/Charilaos_Trikoupis" title="Charilaos Trikoupis">Charilaos Trikoupis</a>, then minister of foreign affairs in the government of <a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koumoundouros" title="Alexandros Koumoundouros">Koumoundouros</a>, announced on 27 December the support of Greece in case of revolt. </p><p>That was the moment the chiefs of the Cretan war in exile chose to return to the island. Among them, we find <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hatzimichalis_Giannaris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hatzimichalis Giannaris (page does not exist)">Hatzimichalis Giannaris</a>, hero of the <a href="/wiki/Cretan_Revolt_(1866%E2%80%9369)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretan Revolt (1866–69)">Cretan Revolt of 1866–1869</a>, then exiled in Russia, followed by the leaders of the clans of western of Crete. The pan-Cretan revolutionary assembly was reunited in <a href="/wiki/Fres" title="Fres">Fres</a> in January 1878.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ottoman Empire, involved in its conflict against Russia, couldn't intervene in a significant way in Crete. It preferred to follow the advice of Great Britain and send two emissaries to the island to negotiate with the insurgents. These emissaries were <a href="/wiki/Kostis_Adosidis_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Kostis Adosidis Pasha">Kostis Adosidis Pasha</a>, old governor of the province of <a href="/wiki/Lasithi" title="Lasithi">Lasithi</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Cretan_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretan Turks">Cretan Turk</a> Selim Efendi. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannis_Tsouderos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioannis Tsouderos (page does not exist)">Ioannis Tsouderos</a> was in charge of responding to these emissaries, a response that had to include two requirements: the declaration of autonomy of Crete which would pay a tribute to the Sultan, and the election of a governor of Crete of Christian denomination and whose election would be supervised by the Great Powers. The emissaries demanded a delay of ten days to obtain a response of the Sultan. The delay expired without any response.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>So the revolt escalated, at first in the west of Crete in mid-January, then in the rest of the island. Like in the preceding revolts, the Turks abandoned the countryside to defend the fortified cities. In mid-March, the rebels controlled the rest of the island, with the exception of strongholds of <a href="/wiki/Ierapetra" title="Ierapetra">Ierapetra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spinalonga" title="Spinalonga">Spinalonga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heraklion" title="Heraklion">Heraklion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rethymno" title="Rethymno">Rethymno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Izzedin_Fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="Izzedin Fortress">Izzedin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chania" title="Chania">Chania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kissamos" title="Kissamos">Kissamos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gramvousa" title="Gramvousa">Gramvousa</a> that couldn't be taken without heavy artillery.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The defeat of the Ottoman Empire by Russia had important consequences for Crete. In July 1878, the consuls of the great powers insisted on establishing a cease-fire, promising that the case of Crete would be discussed at the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin" title="Congress of Berlin">Congress of Berlin</a>. The Cretan assembly decided to send two representatives to Berlin, what Greece wanted to avoid, suspecting that the Cretans would prefer to negotiate autonomy rather than the union with Greece. </p><p>Finally, the great powers imposed nothing more than the return at the concessions of 1866.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unsatisfied, the Cretans maintained the armed struggle. But the difficulties of resupplying, particularly resupplying food, created strife between the leaders of the Cretan clans.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pact_of_Halepa">Pact of Halepa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cretan_revolt_(1878)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pact of Halepa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Ottoman Empire, satisfied knowing the idea of <a href="/wiki/Enosis" title="Enosis">union</a> of Crete with Greece was rejected by the European Powers, accepted to make concessions towards the Cretan population. On October 1878, the Pact of Halepa put an end to the insurrection. This treaty took the name of the contemporary district of Halepa, in Chania. </p><p>The Pact of Halepa transformed Crete into a semi-autonomous province with specific privileges. Ratified by a <a href="/wiki/Firman" title="Firman">firman</a> of the Sultan on 9 November 1878,<sup id="cite_ref-:4_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the main measures of the treaty were: </p> <ul><li>The election of a Christian as a general governor of the island for a duration of 5 years, renewable</li> <li>The nomination of a counsellor beside the governor of different denomination from the governor</li> <li>The election of an parliamentary assembly of 80 members (49 Christians, 31 Muslims)</li> <li>The creation of a <a href="/wiki/Cretan_Gendarmerie" title="Cretan Gendarmerie">Cretan Gendarmerie</a>;</li> <li>The recognition of Greek as an official language in the courts and the assembly</li> <li>The guarantee of a general amnesty</li> <li>A temporary tax exemption</li> <li>The authorisation of the maintenance of the association, of the creation of literary circles and of the publication of newspapers<sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The constitution accorded by the Pact of Halepa can't, in law, be modified by the Ottoman constitution. The first governor was Alexander Karatheodori Pasha. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cretan_revolt_(1878)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Tulard, Histoire de la Crète, p. 114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Detorakis, History of Crete, p. 328</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Detorakis, <i>op.cit.</i>, p. 347</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">P. Kitromilides, Eleftherios Venizelos, The trials of statesmanship, p. 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">P. Kitromilides, <i>Eleftherios Venizelos, The trials of statesmanship</i>, p. 23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Detorakis, <i>History of Crete</i>, p. 351</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Detorakis, <i>History of Crete</i>, p. 352</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Detorakis, <i>History of Crete</i>, p. 353</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">P. Kitromilides, Eleftherios Venizelos, The trials of statesmanship, p. 24</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cretan_revolt_(1878)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Theocharis Detorakis, <i>History of Crete</i>, Heraklion, 1994</li> <li>Paschalis Mitrokilides, <i>Eleftherios Venizelos, the trials of Statesmanship</i>, Edinburgh university press, 2008</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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title="Megali Idea">Megali Idea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenization" title="Hellenization">Hellenization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grecoman" class="mw-redirect" title="Grecoman">Grecoman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venizelism" title="Venizelism">Venizelism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaxism" title="Metaxism">Metaxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enosis" title="Enosis">Enosis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriot_nationalism" title="Greek Cypriot nationalism">Greek Cypriot nationalism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filiki_Eteria" title="Filiki Eteria">Filiki Eteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethniki_Etaireia" title="Ethniki Etaireia">Ethniki Etaireia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Committee" title="Macedonian Committee">Macedonian Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goudi_coup" title="Goudi coup">Military League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Youth_Organisation_(Greece)" title="National Youth Organisation (Greece)">National Youth Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EDES" title="EDES">EDES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Epirus_Liberation_Front" title="Northern Epirus Liberation Front">Northern Epirus Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EOKA" title="EOKA">EOKA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EOKA_B" title="EOKA B">EOKA B</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Party" title="Russian Party">Napist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Party_(Greece,_1873)" title="New Party (Greece, 1873)">New Party (1873)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(Greece)" title="National Party (Greece)">National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Greece)" title="Liberal Party (Greece)">Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freethinkers%27_Party" title="Freethinkers' Party">Freethinkers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Greece" title="National Party of Greece">National Party of Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Party_(Greece,_1947)" title="New Party (Greece, 1947)">New Party (1947)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politically_Independent_Alignment" title="Politically Independent Alignment">Politically Independent Alignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Rally" title="Greek Rally">Greek Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(Greece)" title="Progressive Party (Greece)">Progressive Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_of_August_Party" title="4th of August Party">4th of August Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Union_(Greece)" title="National Democratic Union (Greece)">National Democratic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alignment" title="National Alignment">National Alignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nationalist_Movement" title="United Nationalist Movement">United Nationalist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Hellenism" title="Party of Hellenism">Party of Hellenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Political_Union_(1984)" title="National Political Union (1984)">National Political Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Unity" title="Greek Unity">Greek Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Spring" title="Political Spring">Political Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Dawn_(Greece)" title="Golden Dawn (Greece)">Golden Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Front" title="Hellenic Front">Hellenic Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_Line_(political_party)" title="Front Line (political party)">Front Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Orthodox_Rally" title="Popular Orthodox Rally">Popular Orthodox Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Revival" title="Democratic Revival">Democratic Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Alliance_(Greece)" title="Patriotic Alliance (Greece)">Patriotic Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELAM_(Cyprus)" title="ELAM (Cyprus)">ELAM (Cyprus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panhellenic_Macedonian_Front" title="Panhellenic Macedonian Front">Panhellenic Macedonian Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Hope" title="National Hope">National Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Popular_Front" title="United Popular Front">United Popular Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_Association" title="National Unity Association">National Unity Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creation_(political_party)" title="Creation (political party)">Creation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Greeks" title="Independent Greeks">Independent Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(Greece)" title="National Front (Greece)">National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_Homeland_and_the_People" title="Union for the Homeland and the People">Union for the Homeland and the People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Greeks" title="Assembly of Greeks">Assembly of Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LEPEN_(political_party)" title="LEPEN (political party)">LEPEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_(Greece)" title="National Unity (Greece)">National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Right_(Greece)" title="New Right (Greece)">New Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Solution" title="Greek Solution">Greek Solution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartans_(Greek_political_party)" title="Spartans (Greek political party)">Spartans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niki_(Greek_political_party)" title="Niki (Greek political party)">Victory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Popular_Consciousness" title="National Popular Consciousness">National Popular Consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_%E2%80%93_Greeks" title="National Party – Greeks">National Party – Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_People_(Greece)" title="Free People (Greece)">Free People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriots_%E2%80%93_Prodromos_Emfietzoglou" title="Patriots – Prodromos Emfietzoglou">Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Accord" title="National Accord">National Accord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Creation" title="National Creation">National Creation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Force_for_Change" title="Patriotic Force for Change">Patriotic Force for Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Reason_(political_party)" title="Voice of Reason (political party)">Voice of Reason</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamantios_Korais" title="Adamantios Korais">Adamantios Korais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigas_Feraios" title="Rigas Feraios">Rigas Feraios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ypsilantis" title="Alexander Ypsilantis">Alexander Ypsilantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Kapodistrias" title="Ioannis Kapodistrias">Ioannis Kapodistrias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasios_Diakos" title="Athanasios Diakos">Athanasios Diakos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Kolokotronis" title="Theodoros Kolokotronis">Theodoros Kolokotronis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysios_Solomos" title="Dionysios Solomos">Dionysios Solomos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Paparrigopoulos" title="Constantine Paparrigopoulos">Constantine Paparrigopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotelis_Valaoritis" title="Aristotelis Valaoritis">Aristotelis Valaoritis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koumoundouros" title="Alexandros Koumoundouros">Alexandros Koumoundouros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Diligiannis" title="Theodoros Diligiannis">Theodoros Diligiannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostis_Palamas" title="Kostis Palamas">Kostis Palamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlos_Melas" title="Pavlos Melas">Pavlos Melas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Dragoumis" title="Ion Dragoumis">Ion Dragoumis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">Eleftherios Venizelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Plastiras" title="Nikolaos Plastiras">Nikolaos Plastiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Metaxas" title="Ioannis Metaxas">Ioannis Metaxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelos_Sikelianos" title="Angelos Sikelianos">Angelos Sikelianos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Papagos" title="Alexandros Papagos">Alexandros Papagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Zervas" title="Napoleon Zervas">Napoleon Zervas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Grivas" title="Georgios Grivas">Georgios Grivas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Papadopoulos" title="Georgios Papadopoulos">Georgios Papadopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Ioannidis" title="Dimitrios Ioannidis">Dimitrios Ioannidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonis_Samaras" title="Antonis Samaras">Antonis Samaras</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Persian_Wars" title="Greco-Persian Wars">Greco-Persian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Palaiologos_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty">Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus_Revolt_of_1854" title="Epirus Revolt of 1854">Epirus Revolt of 1854</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1854_Macedonian_rebellion" title="1854 Macedonian rebellion">1854 Macedonian rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1867_Macedonian_rebellion" title="1867 Macedonian rebellion">1867 Macedonian rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_revolt_(1866%E2%80%931869)" title="Cretan revolt (1866–1869)">Cretan revolt (1866–1869)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cretan revolt (1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus_Revolt_of_1878" title="Epirus Revolt of 1878">Epirus Revolt of 1878</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1878_Macedonian_rebellion" title="1878 Macedonian rebellion">1878 Macedonian rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896%E2%80%931897_Macedonian_rebellion" title="1896–1897 Macedonian rebellion">1896–1897 Macedonian rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1897)" title="Greco-Turkish War (1897)">Greco-Turkish War (1897)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Struggle" title="Macedonian Struggle">Macedonian Struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maratha,_Santalaris_and_Aloda_massacre" title="Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda massacre">Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theriso_revolt" title="Theriso revolt">Theriso revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_in_the_Balkan_Wars" title="Greece in the Balkan Wars">Greece in the Balkan Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Northern_Epirus" title="Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus">Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_during_World_War_I" title="Greece during World War I">Greece during World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)">Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_Cyprus_revolt" title="1931 Cyprus revolt">1931 Cyprus revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_of_August_Regime" title="4th of August Regime">4th of August Regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_resistance" title="Greek resistance">Greek resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Emergency" title="Cyprus Emergency">Cyprus Emergency</a> (1955–59)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_intercommunal_violence#Crisis_of_1963–1964" title="Cypriot intercommunal violence">Cyprus crisis of 1963–64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloody_Christmas_(1963)" title="Bloody Christmas (1963)">Bloody Christmas (1963)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_junta" title="Greek junta">Greek junta</a> (1967–74)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Cypriot_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1974 Cypriot coup d'état">1974 Cypriot coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Komotini_events" title="1990 Komotini events">1990 Komotini events</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aromanian_question" title="Aromanian question">Aromanian question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_name_changes_in_Greece" title="Geographical name changes in Greece">Geographical name changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_language_question" title="Greek language question">Greek language question</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Great_Eastern_Crisis" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Great_Eastern_Crisis" title="Template:Great Eastern Crisis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Great_Eastern_Crisis" title="Template talk:Great Eastern Crisis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Great_Eastern_Crisis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Great Eastern Crisis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Great_Eastern_Crisis" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Great_Eastern_Crisis" title="Great Eastern Crisis">Great Eastern Crisis</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wars and conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Montenegrin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herzegovina_uprising_(1875%E2%80%931877)" title="Herzegovina uprising (1875–1877)">Herzegovina uprising (1875–1877)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1876%E2%80%931878)" title="Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1876–1878)">Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1876–1878)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Serb</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herzegovina_uprising_(1875%E2%80%931877)" title="Herzegovina uprising (1875–1877)">Herzegovina uprising (1875–1877)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian%E2%80%93Turkish_Wars_(1876%E2%80%931878)" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian–Turkish Wars (1876–1878)">Serbian–Turkish Wars (1876–1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumanovo_uprising" title="Kumanovo uprising">Kumanovo uprising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bulgarian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stara_Zagora_Uprising" title="Stara Zagora Uprising">Stara Zagora Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_Uprising_of_1876" title="April Uprising of 1876">April Uprising of 1876</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razlovtsi_insurrection" class="mw-redirect" title="Razlovtsi insurrection">Razlovtsi insurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kresna%E2%80%93Razlog_uprising" title="Kresna–Razlog uprising">Kresna–Razlog uprising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greek</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1878_Macedonian_rebellion" title="1878 Macedonian rebellion">1878 Macedonian rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus_Revolt_of_1878" title="Epirus Revolt of 1878">Epirus Revolt of 1878</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cretan revolt (1878)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%931878)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)">Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_War_of_Independence" title="Romanian War of Independence">Romanian War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_campaign_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_in_1878" title="Austro-Hungarian campaign in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878">Austro-Hungarian campaign in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Albanians,_1877%E2%80%931878" class="mw-redirect" title="Expulsion of the Albanians, 1877–1878">Expulsion of the Albanians, 1877–1878</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281860%E2%80%931905%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281860%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281860%E2%80%931905%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281860%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281860%E2%80%931905%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281860%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /></span></span></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Serbia_%281835%E2%80%931882%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281835%E2%80%931882%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Serbia_%281835%E2%80%931882%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281835%E2%80%931882%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Serbia_%281835%E2%80%931882%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281835%E2%80%931882%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="844" data-file-height="563" /></span></span></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International<br /> agreements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Memorandum" title="Berlin Memorandum">Berlin Memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichstadt_Agreement" title="Reichstadt Agreement">Reichstadt Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantinople_Conference" title="Constantinople Conference">Constantinople Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Convention_of_1877" title="Budapest Convention of 1877">Budapest Convention of 1877</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano" title="Treaty of San Stefano">Treaty of San Stefano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Convention" title="Cyprus Convention">Cyprus Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin" title="Congress of Berlin">Congress of Berlin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)" title="Treaty of Berlin (1878)">Treaty of Berlin (1878)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Exarchate" title="Bulgarian Exarchate">Bulgarian Exarchate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deligrad_Event" title="Deligrad Event">Deligrad Event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1_Committee" title="Niš Committee">Niš Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Ottoman_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1876 Ottoman coup d'état">1876 Ottoman coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Constitutional_Era" title="First Constitutional Era">First Constitutional Era (Ottoman Empire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Volunteer_Corps" title="Bulgarian Volunteer Corps">Opalchentsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Question" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Question">Eastern Question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Russian_Administration_in_Bulgaria" title="Provisional Russian Administration in Bulgaria">Provisional Russian Administration in Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus" title="British Cyprus">British Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Prizren" title="League of Prizren">League of Prizren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_for_Plav_and_Gusinje" title="Battles for Plav and Gusinje">Battles for Plav and Gusinje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pact_of_Halepa" title="Pact of Halepa">Pact of Halepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_Alliance_(1879)" title="Dual Alliance (1879)">Dual Alliance (1879)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brsjak_revolt" title="Brsjak revolt">Brsjak revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro%E2%80%93Serbian_Alliance_of_1881" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro–Serbian Alliance of 1881">Austro–Serbian Alliance of 1881</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_conquest_of_Tunisia" title="French conquest of Tunisia">French conquest of Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Constantinople_(1881)" title="Convention of Constantinople (1881)">Convention of Constantinople (1881)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Egypt_under_the_British" title="History of Egypt under the British">British Occupation of Egypt</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marche_slave" title="Marche slave">Marche slave</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina">Anna Karenina</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_Crete" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Crete" title="Template:History of Crete"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Crete" title="Template talk:History of Crete"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Crete" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Crete"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_Crete" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Crete" title="History of Crete">History</a> of <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization" title="Minoan civilization">Minoan period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenean period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Crete#Classical,_Hellenistic,_Roman,_Byzantine_and_Arab_Crete" title="History of Crete">Classical and Hellenistic period</a></li> <li>Roman period <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_League" title="Cretan League">Cretan League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crete_and_Cyrenaica" title="Crete and Cyrenaica">Crete and Cyrenaica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Crete" title="Byzantine Crete">First Byzantine period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Crete" title="Emirate of Crete">Arab period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Crete" title="Byzantine Crete">Second Byzantine period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Candia" title="Kingdom of Candia">Venetian period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_Saint_Titus" title="Revolt of Saint Titus">Revolt of Saint Titus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_War_(1645%E2%80%931669)" title="Cretan War (1645–1669)">Cretan War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Candia" title="Siege of Candia">Siege of Candia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Crete" title="Ottoman Crete">Ottoman period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Revolt_(1841)" title="Cretan Revolt (1841)">1841 revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_revolt_(1866%E2%80%931869)" title="Cretan revolt (1866–1869)">Great Cretan Revolution</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1878 revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Revolt_(1897%E2%80%931898)" title="Cretan Revolt (1897–1898)">1897–1898 revolt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_State" title="Cretan State">Cretan State</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theriso_revolt" title="Theriso revolt">Theriso revolt</a></li></ul></li> <li>World War II <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crete" title="Battle of Crete">Battle of Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_resistance" title="Cretan resistance">Resistance</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="17px_Rebellions_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rebellions_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Template:Rebellions in the Ottoman Empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rebellions_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Template talk:Rebellions in the Ottoman Empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rebellions_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rebellions in the Ottoman Empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="17px_Rebellions_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1882%E2%80%931922).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/17px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/26px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/34px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1595" data-file-height="1906" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_rebellions_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="List of rebellions in the Ottoman Empire">Rebellions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rise_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Rise of the Ottoman Empire">Rise <span style="font-size:85%;">(1299–1453)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Bedreddin_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheikh Bedreddin rebellion">Sheikh Bedreddin rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1416–20)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Konstantin_and_Fruzhin" title="Uprising of Konstantin and Fruzhin">Uprising of Konstantin and Fruzhin</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1404–18)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg%27s_rebellion" title="Skanderbeg's rebellion">Skanderbeg's rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1443–68)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu%C3%A7uktepe_rebellion" title="Buçuktepe rebellion">Buçuktepe rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1446)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Classical_Age_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire">Classical Age <span style="font-size:85%;">(1453–1550)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eahkulu_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Şahkulu Rebellion">Şahkulu Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1511)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_Ali_Halife_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur Ali Halife rebellion">Nur Ali Halife rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1512)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasir_al-Din_rebellion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasir al-Din rebellion (page does not exist)">Nasir al-Din rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1518)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celali_rebellions" title="Celali rebellions">Celali rebellions</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1519)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1585_Ottoman_expedition_against_the_Druze" title="1585 Ottoman expedition against the Druze">Expeditions against the Druze</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1523–1524)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Z%C3%BCnnun_Rebellion" title="Baba Zünnun Rebellion">Baba Zünnun Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1526)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalender_%C3%87elebi_rebellion" title="Kalender Çelebi rebellion">Kalender Çelebi rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1527)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transformation_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Transformation of the Ottoman Empire">Transformation <span style="font-size:85%;">(1550–1700)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mariovo_and_Prilep_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Mariovo and Prilep Rebellion">Mariovo and Prilep Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1564–65)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1585_Ottoman_expedition_against_the_Druze" title="1585 Ottoman expedition against the Druze">Expedition against the Druze</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1565)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ottoman_revolts_of_1565%E2%80%931572" title="Anti-Ottoman revolts of 1565–1572">Revolts of 1565–1572</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1585_Ottoman_expedition_against_the_Druze" title="1585 Ottoman expedition against the Druze">Expeditions against the Druze</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1574–1576)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bua_(tribe)" title="Bua (tribe)">Theodoros Boua Grivas revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1585)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1585_Ottoman_expedition_against_the_Druze" title="1585 Ottoman expedition against the Druze">Expedition against the Druze</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1585)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairo_Rebellion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cairo Rebellion (page does not exist)">Cairo Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1586)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beylerbeyi_Event" class="mw-redirect" title="Beylerbeyi Event">Beylerbeyi Event</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1589)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celali_rebellions" title="Celali rebellions">Celali rebellions</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1590–1610)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_Banat" title="Uprising in Banat">Uprising in Banat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1594)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himara_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Himara Revolt">Himara Revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1596)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serb_uprising_of_1596%E2%80%931597" title="Serb uprising of 1596–1597">Serb Uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1596–97)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Tarnovo_Uprising" title="First Tarnovo Uprising">First Tarnovo Uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1598)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thessaly_Rebellion_(1600)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thessaly Rebellion (1600)">Thessaly Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1600)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamluk_Rebellion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mamluk Rebellion (page does not exist)">Mamluk Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1609)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus_revolt_of_1611" title="Epirus revolt of 1611">Epirus revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1611)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anjar" title="Battle of Anjar">Druze rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1623)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaza_rebellion" title="Abaza rebellion">Abaza rebellions</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1624, 1627)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze_power_struggle_(1658%E2%80%931667)" title="Druze power struggle (1658–1667)">Druze rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1642)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmeydan%C4%B1_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmeydanı Incident">Atmeydanı Incident</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1648)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C4%B1nar_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Çınar Incident">Çınar Incident</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1656)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaza_Hasan_Pasha#Second_revolt" title="Abaza Hasan Pasha">Abaza Hasan Revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1658–1659)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze_power_struggle_(1658%E2%80%931667)" title="Druze power struggle (1658–1667)">Druze power struggle</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1658–1667)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Tarnovo_Uprising" title="Second Tarnovo Uprising">Second Tarnovo Uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1686)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiprovtsi_uprising" title="Chiprovtsi uprising">Chiprovtsi uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1688)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karposh%27s_rebellion" title="Karposh's rebellion">Karposh's rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1689)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Old_Regime" title="Ottoman Old Regime">Old Regime <span style="font-size:85%;">(1700–1789)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edirne_event" class="mw-redirect" title="Edirne event">Edirne event</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1703)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zisis_Karademos" title="Zisis Karademos">Naousa uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1705)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Great_Insurrection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Great Insurrection (page does not exist)">The Great Insurrection</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1707–11)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1711_Karamanli_coup" title="1711 Karamanli coup">Karamanli revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1711)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_Vu%C4%8Ditrn" title="Uprising in Vučitrn">Uprising in Vučitrn</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1717)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrona_Halil_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrona Halil Rebellion">Patrona Halil Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1730)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serb_Uprising_of_1737%E2%80%9339" class="mw-redirect" title="Serb Uprising of 1737–39">Serb Uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1737–39)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlov_revolt" title="Orlov revolt">Orlov Revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1770)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C4%8Da%27s_frontier_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Koča's frontier rebellion">Koča's frontier rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1788)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripolitanian_civil_war" title="Tripolitanian civil war">Tripolitanian civil war</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1793–1795)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Decline_and_modernization_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire">Decline <span style="font-size:85%;">(1789–1908)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dahije" title="Dahije">Dahije</a> in Belgrade <span style="font-size:85%;">(1801–04)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Serbian_Uprising" title="First Serbian Uprising">First Serbian Uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1804–13)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabak%C3%A7%C4%B1_Mustafa_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabakçı Mustafa rebellion">Kabakçı Mustafa rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1807)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan%C4%8Di%C4%87%27s_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Jančić's Rebellion">Jančić's Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1809)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Had%C5%BEi-Prodan%27s_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadži-Prodan's Rebellion">Hadži-Prodan's Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1814)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Serbian_Uprising" title="Second Serbian Uprising">Second Serbian Uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1815-17)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallachian_uprising_of_1821" title="Wallachian uprising of 1821">Wallachian Uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1821)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1_Rebellion_(1821)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niš Rebellion (1821)">Niš Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1821)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1821–29)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/At%C3%A7al%C4%B1_Kel_Mehmet_revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Atçalı Kel Mehmet revolt">Atçalı Kel Mehmet revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1830)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_uprising_(1831%E2%80%9332)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnian uprising (1831–32)">Bosnian uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1831–33)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bilmez_Rebellion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bilmez Rebellion (page does not exist)">Bilmez Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1832–33)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laz_rebellion_(1832%E2%80%931834)" title="Laz rebellion (1832–1834)">Laz rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1832–34)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shkod%C3%ABr_Rebellion_(1833)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shkodër Rebellion (1833) (page does not exist)">Shkodër Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1833)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priest_Jovica%27s_Rebellion" title="Priest Jovica's Rebellion">Priest Jovica's Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1834)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Ma%C5%A1i%C4%87i_Rebellion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Mašići Rebellion (page does not exist)">Second Mašići Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1834)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Peasant_Revolt_(1834%E2%80%9335)" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Peasant Revolt (1834–35)">Syrian Peasant Revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1834-35)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1835%E2%80%931858_revolt_in_Ottoman_Tripolitania" title="1835–1858 revolt in Ottoman Tripolitania">Tripolitanian revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1835–1858)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posavina_Rebellion_(1836)" class="mw-redirect" title="Posavina Rebellion (1836)">Posavina Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1836)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livno_Rebellion_(1836)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Livno Rebellion (1836) (page does not exist)">Livno Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1836)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirot_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirot Rebellion">Pirot Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1836)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkovitsa_Rebellion_(1836)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkovitsa Rebellion (1836)">Berkovitsa Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1836)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belogradchik_Rebellion_(1836)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belogradchik Rebellion (1836)">Belogradchik Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1836)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vlora_Rebellion_(1836)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vlora Rebellion (1836) (page does not exist)">Vlora Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1836)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1838_Druze_revolt" title="1838 Druze revolt">Druze revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1838)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diber_Rebellion_(1838%E2%80%9339)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diber Rebellion (1838–39) (page does not exist)">Diber Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1838–39)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Revolt_(1841)" title="Cretan Revolt (1841)">Cretan Revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1841)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1_Rebellion_(1841)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niš Rebellion (1841)">Niš Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1841)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Dervish_Cara" title="Uprising of Dervish Cara">Uprising of Dervish Cara</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1843–44)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1845" title="Albanian revolt of 1845">Albanian Revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1845)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1847" title="Albanian revolt of 1847">Albanian Revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1847)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzegovina_Uprising_(1852%E2%80%9362)" class="mw-redirect" title="Herzegovina Uprising (1852–62)">Herzegovina Uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1852–62)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus_Revolt_of_1854" title="Epirus Revolt of 1854">Epirus Revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1854)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1854_Macedonian_rebellion" title="1854 Macedonian rebellion">Greek Macedonian rebellion of 1854</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1854)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecija%27s_First_Revolt" title="Pecija's First Revolt">Doljani Revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1858)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_civil_conflict_in_Mount_Lebanon_and_Damascus" title="1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus">Mount Lebanon civil conflict</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1860)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_revolt_(1866%E2%80%931869)" title="Cretan revolt (1866–1869)">Cretan Revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1866–69)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1867_Macedonian_rebellion" title="1867 Macedonian rebellion">Greek Macedonian rebellion of 1867</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1866–67)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzegovina_Uprising_(1875%E2%80%9377)" class="mw-redirect" title="Herzegovina Uprising (1875–77)">Herzegovina Uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1875–77)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="April Uprising">Bulgarian April uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1876)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razlovtsi_insurrection" class="mw-redirect" title="Razlovtsi insurrection">Razlovtsi insurrection</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1876)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumanovo_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumanovo Uprising">Kumanovo Uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1878)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1878_Macedonian_rebellion" title="1878 Macedonian rebellion">1878 Macedonian rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1878)</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cretan Revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1878)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kresna%E2%80%93Razlog_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Kresna–Razlog Uprising">Kresna–Razlog Uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1878–79)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus_Revolt_of_1878" title="Epirus Revolt of 1878">Epirus Revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1878)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mouzaki" title="Battle of Mouzaki">Thessaly Revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1878)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ulcinj_(1880)" title="Battle of Ulcinj (1880)">Ulcinj rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1878)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brsjak_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Brsjak Revolt">Brsjak Revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1880–81)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cretan_Revolt_(1896%E2%80%931897)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cretan Revolt (1896–1897) (page does not exist)">Cretan Revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1896–97)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896%E2%80%931897_Macedonian_rebellion" title="1896–1897 Macedonian rebellion">1896–1897 Macedonian rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1896–97)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Revolt_(1897%E2%80%931898)" title="Cretan Revolt (1897–1898)">Cretan Revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1897–98)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilinden%E2%80%93Preobrazhenie_Uprising" title="Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising">Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1903)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoubak_revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoubak revolt">Shoubak revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1905)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theriso_revolt" title="Theriso revolt">Theriso revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1905)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_Mesopotamia_uprising" title="1906 Mesopotamia uprising">Mesopotamia uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1906)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitlis_uprising_(1907)" title="Bitlis uprising (1907)">Bitlis uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1907)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire">Dissolution <span style="font-size:85%;">(1908–1922)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Young_Turk_Revolution" title="Young Turk Revolution">Young Turk Revolution</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1908)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamawand_rebellion" title="Hamawand rebellion">Hamawand rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1908–10)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Bejat_Revolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Bejat Revolution (page does not exist)">Al-Bejat Revolution</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1909)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/31_March_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="31 March Incident">31 March Incident</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1909)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauran_Druze_Rebellion" title="Hauran Druze Rebellion">Hauran Druze Rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1909)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaraniq_rebellion_(1909%E2%80%931910)" title="Zaraniq rebellion (1909–1910)">Zaraniq rebellion (1909–1910)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1910)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karak_revolt" title="Karak revolt">Karak revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1910)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1910" title="Albanian revolt of 1910">Albanian revolt of 1910</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1910)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malissori_uprising" title="Malissori uprising">Malissori uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1911)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1912" title="Albanian revolt of 1912">Albanian revolt of 1912</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1912)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Ottoman_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1912 Ottoman coup d'état">Savior Officers</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1912)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Ottoman_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1913 Ottoman coup d'état">Raid on the Sublime Porte</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1913)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Euphrates_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="1913 Euphrates rebellion">Euphrates rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1913)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitlis_uprising_(1914)" title="Bitlis uprising (1914)">Bitlis uprising</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1914)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_rebellions_during_World_War_I" title="Kurdish rebellions during World War I">Kurdish rebellions during World War I</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1914–18)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_uprising_in_Karbala" title="1915 uprising in Karbala">Uprising in Karbala</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1915)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Arab Revolt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1916–18)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_uprising_in_Hilla" title="1916 uprising in Hilla">Uprising in Hilla</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1916)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C3%A7giri_rebellion" title="Koçgiri rebellion">Koçgiri rebellion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1921)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cretan_revolt_(1878)&oldid=1259699676">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cretan_revolt_(1878)&oldid=1259699676</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Great_Eastern_Crisis" title="Category:Great Eastern Crisis">Great Eastern 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