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Wecken - Wikipedia

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href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zava%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Zavařování – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zavařování" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einkochen" title="Einkochen – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Einkochen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_canning" title="Home canning – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Home canning" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Weckpotten.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Weckpotten.jpg/260px-Weckpotten.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Weckpotten.jpg/390px-Weckpotten.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Weckpotten.jpg/520px-Weckpotten.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Weckflessen</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Wecken</b> of <b>inmaken</b> is een methode voor het <a href="/wiki/Conserveren_(voedsel)" title="Conserveren (voedsel)">conserveren</a> van <a href="/wiki/Levensmiddel" title="Levensmiddel">levensmiddelen</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wecken&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wecken&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geschiedenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De wecktechniek is uitgevonden door de Franse suikerbakker en uitvinder <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Appert_(uitvinder)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolas Appert (uitvinder)">Nicolas Appert</a> (1749-1841), die zijn uitvinding aan de Franse regering aanbood nadat zijn eerste gesteriliseerde voedsel in potten na acht maanden nog goed was gebleken. Zijn manier van conserveren bleek ideaal voor het <a href="/wiki/Krijgsmacht" title="Krijgsmacht">leger</a> om onder barre omstandigheden te overleven, want men kon niet alleen groenten en <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a> op deze manier bijna onbeperkt bewaren, maar ook <a href="/wiki/Vlees" title="Vlees">vlees</a>. </p><p>Vlak voor zijn dood verkocht Appert de methode aan een Zwitserse familie, die op haar beurt in 1892 de methode doorverkocht aan <a href="/wiki/Johann_Carl_Weck" title="Johann Carl Weck">Johann Carl Weck</a> (1841-1914). Met een compagnon die goed in marketing was, de uit het Duitse <a href="/wiki/Emmerik" title="Emmerik">Emmerik</a> afkomstige <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_van_Eyck&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="George van Eyck (de pagina bestaat niet)">George van Eyck</a> (1869-1951), stichtte Weck op 1 januari 1900 de onderneming <a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Weck&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="J. Weck (de pagina bestaat niet)">J. Weck</a>. In 1902 verliet Weck de fabriek, maar Van Eyck bouwde het bedrijf uit en creëerde ook de weckflessen met de naam 'Weck' erop en de <a href="/wiki/Aardbei" title="Aardbei">aardbei</a> die er het beeldmerk van zijn geworden, een van de eerste succesvolle beeldmerken.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ofschoon het wecken tegenwoordig door de introductie van de <a href="/wiki/Koelkast" title="Koelkast">koelkast</a> en de diepvries grotendeels overbodig was geworden, bestond de glasfabriek J. Weck GmbH u. Co. KG nog tot 2023, toen faillissement werd aangevraagd.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Het bedrijf was gevestigd in <a href="/wiki/Wehr_(Baden)" title="Wehr (Baden)">Wehr (Baden)</a> in het uiterste zuidwesten van <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Werkwijze">Werkwijze</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wecken&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Werkwijze" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wecken&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Werkwijze"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Appert_Nicolas.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nicolas Appert"><img alt="Nicolas Appert" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Appert_Nicolas.jpg/90px-Appert_Nicolas.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Appert_Nicolas.jpg/135px-Appert_Nicolas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Appert_Nicolas.jpg/180px-Appert_Nicolas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="769" data-file-height="1026" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nicolas Appert</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Weckketel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Weckketel"><img alt="Weckketel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Weckketel.jpg/90px-Weckketel.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Weckketel.jpg/135px-Weckketel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Weckketel.jpg/180px-Weckketel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Weckketel</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Weckglas_mit_B%C3%BCgel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Weckfles met beugel"><img alt="Weckfles met beugel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Weckglas_mit_B%C3%BCgel.jpg/120px-Weckglas_mit_B%C3%BCgel.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Weckglas_mit_B%C3%BCgel.jpg/180px-Weckglas_mit_B%C3%BCgel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Weckglas_mit_B%C3%BCgel.jpg/240px-Weckglas_mit_B%C3%BCgel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2608" data-file-height="1952" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Weckfles met beugel</div> </li> </ul> <p>Voor het wecken worden glazen potten van verschillend formaat gebruikt, die weckpotten of weckflessen genoemd worden. Eerst worden de potten grondig schoongemaakt, bijvoorbeeld met <a href="/wiki/Natriumcarbonaat" title="Natriumcarbonaat">soda</a>. Daarna worden ze gevuld met de in te maken levensmiddelen (<a href="/wiki/Groente" title="Groente">groente</a>, vruchten, vlees enz.). De potten worden afgesloten met een glazen deksel. Tussen pot en deksel komt een rubberen ring, de weckring. Om het deksel op zijn plaats te houden wordt het vastgezet met een metalen beugel. </p><p>De potten worden daarna in een waterbad, gewoonlijk in een weckketel, verwarmd en <a href="/wiki/Asepsis" title="Asepsis">gesteriliseerd</a>. De uitzettende lucht in de pot kan ontsnappen, waarbij de beugel voorkomt dat het deksel en de ring verschuiven. Bij het afkoelen zorgt de rubber ring voor een <a href="/wiki/Luchtdichte_sluiting" class="mw-redirect" title="Luchtdichte sluiting">luchtdichte sluiting</a> en wordt het deksel door de atmosferische druk op de pot gedrukt. De beugel is dan niet meer nodig en de inhoud kan jarenlang worden bewaard. </p><p>De fles of pot kan worden opengemaakt door aan het lipje van de weckring te trekken. Daardoor wordt de onderdruk verbroken die het deksel stevig op de pot houdt. Als er bij het openen geen sprake blijkt te zijn van onderdruk, is de inhoud niet te vertrouwen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Risico's"><span id="Risico.27s"></span>Risico's</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wecken&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Risico&#039;s" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wecken&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Risico&#039;s"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Voor verschillende levensmiddelen is proefondervindelijk vastgesteld wanneer deze voldoende steriel zijn. De weck-handleidingen bevatten van oudsher tabellen met temperaturen en tijden, zodat de gebruiker de levensmiddelen niet langer hoeft te verhitten dan nodig. Uitgangspunt daarbij is, dat de glas- en dekselranden onbeschadigd en schoon zijn en ook bij het vullen absoluut schoon blijven. De rubberring mag daarnaast geen sporen van verwering vertonen. Bij het vaststellen van de wecktijden is rekening gehouden met een opwarmtijd in de ketel en een afkoeltijd aan de lucht bij <a href="/wiki/Kamertemperatuur" title="Kamertemperatuur">kamertemperatuur</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Botulisme">Botulisme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wecken&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Botulisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wecken&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Botulisme"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Door de verhitting worden niet altijd alle schadelijke organismen gedood. In het bijzonder de <a href="/wiki/Spore" title="Spore">sporen</a> van de bacterie <a href="/wiki/Clostridium_botulinum" title="Clostridium botulinum">Clostridium botulinum</a>, die de <a href="/wiki/Botulisme" title="Botulisme">botulisme</a>-vergiftiging veroorzaken, blijven levensvatbaar tot 120&#160;°C.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In een speciale <a href="/wiki/Hogedrukpan" title="Hogedrukpan">hogedrukpan</a> kunnen deze sporen wel worden gedood.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Daar worden ze minimaal twaalf minuten lang verhit tot minimaal 121 °C. Bederf door de botulisme-bacterie kan niet altijd worden geroken of geproefd en is voor de <a href="/wiki/Consument" title="Consument">consument</a> levensgevaarlijk. </p><p>De bacterie kan niet groeien in een zuur milieu, bij het inmaken van bijvoorbeeld fruit bestaat dit risico daarom niet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wecken&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wecken&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conserven" title="Conserven">Conserven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eten_uit_blik" title="Eten uit blik">Eten uit blik</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Autumn Giles, 'Weck. A history' op <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141208045114/http://kaufmann-mercantile.com/weck/">Kaufmann Mercantile</a>, geraadpleegd op 9 januari 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tagesspiegel, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tagesspiegel.de/wirtschaft/jetzt-gehts-ans-eingemachte/445962.html">Jetzt geht’s ans Eingemachte</a>, 7 september 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nu.nl/economie/6268957/bedrijf-achter-beroemde-weckpotten-vraagt-na-123-jaar-faillissement-aan.html?kl=7896&amp;ku=72171&amp;utm_source=SIM&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=20230621NUNL-NUNL_DAILY&amp;utm_content=&amp;utm_term=a_17261&amp;utm_source=nunl&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=20230621%7Cdagelijkse&amp;utm_content=Bedrijf+achter+beroemde+weckpotten+vraagt+na+123+jaar+faillissement+aan&amp;utm_term=524034&amp;ctm_ctid=87e5094c0e34812db09f71a27cd83dd6">https://www.nu.nl/economie/6268957/bedrijf-achter-beroemde-weckpotten-vraagt-na-123-jaar-faillissement-aan.html?kl=7896&amp;ku=72171&amp;utm_source=SIM&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=20230621NUNL-NUNL_DAILY&amp;utm_content=&amp;utm_term=a_17261&amp;utm_source=nunl&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=20230621%7Cdagelijkse&amp;utm_content=Bedrijf+achter+beroemde+weckpotten+vraagt+na+123+jaar+faillissement+aan&amp;utm_term=524034&amp;ctm_ctid=87e5094c0e34812db09f71a27cd83dd6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voedingscentrum.nl/encyclopedie/trefwoord/wecken.aspx">Wecken op Voedingscentrum.nl</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weckenonline.eu/Uitleg_werkwijze/Wecken_in_een_snelkookpan/wecken_in_een_snelkookpan.html">informatie wecken groeten</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r63829521">.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten{padding:0;font-size:90%;clear:both;margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-klein{padding-bottom:5px;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-kop{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-lijst{display:inline;margin-left:0;padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output 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