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data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hoofdmenu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" title="Naar de hoofdpagina gaan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hoofdpagina</span></a></li><li id="n-zoekartikel" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Navigatie"><span>Vind een artikel</span></a></li><li id="n-today" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/28_november"><span>Vandaag</span></a></li><li id="n-Etalage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etalage"><span>Etalage</span></a></li><li id="n-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles"><span>Categorieën</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen" title="Een lijst met recente wijzigingen in deze wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="de vrije encyclopedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-nl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Zoeken" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Zoeken</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Doorzoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Doorzoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciaal:Zoeken"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Zoeken</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="De lettergrootte, breedte en kleur van de pagina wijzigen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uiterlijk" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uiterlijk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl" class=""><span>Doneren</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Koelkast" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Koelkast" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Koelkast" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Koelkast" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geschiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geschiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Geschiedenis-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Algemeen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Algemeen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Algemeen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Algemeen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nederland_en_België" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nederland_en_België"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Nederland en België</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nederland_en_België-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beschrijving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beschrijving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Beschrijving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beschrijving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vervoer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vervoer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vervoer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vervoer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Werking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Werking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Werking</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Werking-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Werking-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Werking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vriesgedeelte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vriesgedeelte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Vriesgedeelte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vriesgedeelte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Andere_koelmethoden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Andere_koelmethoden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Andere koelmethoden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Andere_koelmethoden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Afdanken_en_verwijderingsbijdrage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afdanken_en_verwijderingsbijdrage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Afdanken en verwijderingsbijdrage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afdanken_en_verwijderingsbijdrage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_link" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_link"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Externe link</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_link-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Koelkast</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 128 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-128" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">128 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yskas" title="Yskas – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Yskas" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%89%80%E1%8B%9D%E1%89%80%E1%8B%A3" title="ማቀዝቀዣ – Amhaars" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ማቀዝቀዣ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigorifico" title="Frigorifico – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Frigorifico" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A9" title="ثلاجة – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ثلاجة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevera" title="Nevera – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nevera" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuducu" title="Soyuducu – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Soyuducu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%82%D2%A1%D1%8B%D1%81" title="Һыуытҡыс – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һыуытҡыс" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiskostn" title="Eiskostn – Beiers" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Eiskostn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Beiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ais_buk" title="Ais buk – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Ais buk" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Халадзільнік – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Халадзільнік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Халадзільнік – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Халадзільнік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Хладилник – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хладилник" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C" title="फ्रिज – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="फ्रिज" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B0" title="রেফ্রিজারেটর – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রেফ্রিজারেটর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yenerez" title="Yenerez – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yenerez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%88%D1%8D" title="Хүргэгшэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хүргэгшэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigor%C3%ADfic" title="Frigorífic – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Frigorífic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%ADng-si%C5%8Fng" title="Bĭng-siŏng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Bĭng-siŏng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Шелиг – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Шелиг" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tono%27s%C3%AB%C3%B6%27o" title="Tono'sëö'o – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Tono'sëö'o" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95" title="ساردکەرەوە – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ساردکەرەوە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzdolap" title="Buzdolap – Krim-Tataars" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Buzdolap" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Krim-Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledni%C4%8Dka" title="Lednička – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lednička" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B2%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D1%88" title="Сивĕтĕш – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сивĕтĕш" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oergell" title="Oergell – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Oergell" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B8leskab" title="Køleskab – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Køleskab" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BChlschrank" title="Kühlschrank – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kühlschrank" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A8%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF" title="Ψυγείο – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ψυγείο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrigerator" title="Refrigerator – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Refrigerator" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fridujo" title="Fridujo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fridujo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrigerador" title="Refrigerador – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Refrigerador" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BClmkapp" title="Külmkapp – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Külmkapp" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hozkailu" title="Hozkailu – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hozkailu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%AE%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%84" title="یخچال – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یخچال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4%C3%A4kaappi" title="Jääkaappi – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jääkaappi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9frig%C3%A9rateur" title="Réfrigérateur – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Réfrigérateur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuolkast" title="Kuolkast – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kuolkast" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisneoir" title="Cuisneoir – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cuisneoir" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E6%AB%83" title="冰櫃 – Ganyu" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="冰櫃" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Ganyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigor%C3%ADfico" title="Frigorífico – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Frigorífico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B6%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%80" title="શીતપેટી – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="શીતપેટી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feayreyder" title="Feayreyder – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Feayreyder" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firinji" title="Firinji – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Firinji" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A8" title="מקרר – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מקרר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="प्रशीतित्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रशीतित्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hladnjak" title="Hladnjak – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hladnjak" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrijerat%C3%A8" title="Refrijeratè – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Refrijeratè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%B1t%C5%91g%C3%A9p" title="Hűtőgép – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hűtőgép" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Սառնարան – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սառնարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulkas" title="Kulkas – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kulkas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigorizilo" title="Frigorizilo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Frigorizilo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dssk%C3%A1pur" title="Ísskápur – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ísskápur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigorifero" title="Frigorifero – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Frigorifero" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E8%94%B5%E5%BA%AB" title="冷蔵庫 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="冷蔵庫" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifrijarieta" title="Rifrijarieta – Jamaicaans Creools" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Rifrijarieta" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaicaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulkas" title="Kulkas – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kulkas" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="მაცივარი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაცივარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D2%A3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B%D1%82%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Тоңазытқыш – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тоңазытқыш" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಶೀತಕಯಂತ್ರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಶೀತಕಯಂತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%83%89%EC%9E%A5%EA%B3%A0" title="냉장고 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="냉장고" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarinc_(alav)" title="Sarinc (alav) – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sarinc (alav)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%87" title="Муздаткыч – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Муздаткыч" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armarium_frigidarium" title="Armarium frigidarium – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Armarium frigidarium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzy%C3%A9ra" title="Buzyéra – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Buzyéra" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigo" title="Frigo – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Frigo" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigor" title="Frigor – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Frigor" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filig%C3%B3" title="Filigó – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Filigó" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0aldytuvas" title="Šaldytuvas – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šaldytuvas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledusskapis" title="Ledusskapis – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ledusskapis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Эйботмар – Moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Эйботмар" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vata_fampangatsiahana" title="Vata fampangatsiahana – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vata fampangatsiahana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D3%B1%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88%D3%A7%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Йӱштышӧрлык – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Йӱштышӧрлык" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulkas" title="Kulkas – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kulkas" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Ладилник – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ладилник" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC" title="റഫ്രിജറേറ്റർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റഫ്രിജറേറ്റർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peti_sejuk" title="Peti sejuk – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Peti sejuk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigor%C3%ADfico" title="Frigorífico – Mirandees" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Frigorífico" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6hlschapp" title="Köhlschapp – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Köhlschapp" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koelkaste" title="Koelkaste – Nederduits" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Koelkaste" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kj%C3%B8leskap" title="Kjøleskap – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kjøleskap" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kj%C3%B8leskap" title="Kjøleskap – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kjøleskap" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ormou%C3%A8re_%C3%A0_freid" title="Ormouère à freid – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Ormouère à freid" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrigerador" title="Refrigerador – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Refrigerador" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji%C3%A4%C5%A1kuappu" title="Jiäškuappu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Jiäškuappu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0" title="ਰੈਫ੍ਰਿਜਰੇਟਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੈਫ੍ਰਿਜਰੇਟਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frishid%C3%A8r" title="Frishidèr – Papiaments" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Frishidèr" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiaments" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C5%82odziarka" title="Chłodziarka – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chłodziarka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AC" title="فریج – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فریج" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigor%C3%ADfico" title="Frigorífico – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Frigorífico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khutuchiq" title="Khutuchiq – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Khutuchiq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigider" title="Frigider – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Frigider" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Холодильник – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Холодильник" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="शीतकम् – Sanskriet" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="शीतकम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskriet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Сойутар – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сойутар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrigerator" title="Refrigerator – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Refrigerator" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="فرج – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="فرج" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hladnjak" title="Hladnjak – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hladnjak" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AB" title="ශීතකරණ – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ශීතකරණ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrigerator" title="Refrigerator – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Refrigerator" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chladni%C4%8Dka" title="Chladnička – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chladnička" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hladilnik_(naprava)" title="Hladilnik (naprava) – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hladilnik (naprava)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firiji" title="Firiji – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Firiji" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigoriferi" title="Frigoriferi – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Frigoriferi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Фрижидер – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фрижидер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keelskap" title="Keelskap – Saterfries" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Keelskap" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterfries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulkas" title="Kulkas – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kulkas" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kylsk%C3%A5p" title="Kylskåp – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kylskåp" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jokofu" title="Jokofu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jokofu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="குளிர்சாதனப் பெட்டி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குளிர்சாதனப் பெட்டி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="రిఫ్రిజిరేటర్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రిఫ్రిజిరేటర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%85%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Яхдон – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Яхдон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99" title="ตู้เย็น – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตู้เย็น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ref" title="Ref – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ref" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzdolab%C4%B1" title="Buzdolabı – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Buzdolabı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%87" title="Суыткыч – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Суыткыч" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%AD%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%82%DB%87" title="توڭلاتقۇ – Oeigoers" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="توڭلاتقۇ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Oeigoers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Холодильник – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Холодильник" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AC" title="فریج – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فریج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzlatkich" title="Muzlatkich – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Muzlatkich" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%A7_l%E1%BA%A1nh" title="Tủ lạnh – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tủ lạnh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigo" title="Frigo – Waals" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Frigo" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Waals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrigerador" title="Refrigerador – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Refrigerador" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%86%B0%E7%AE%B1" title="电冰箱 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="电冰箱" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="მარგილარი – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მარგილარი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%93%D7%96%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="פרידזשידער – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פרידזשידער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E7%AE%B1" title="冰箱 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="冰箱" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peng-siu%E2%81%BF" title="Peng-siuⁿ – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Peng-siuⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%AA%E6%AB%83" title="雪櫃 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="雪櫃" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q37828#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Koelkast" title="Inhoudspagina bekijken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Overleg:Koelkast" rel="discussion" title="Overleg over deze pagina 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lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Koelkast_open.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Koelkast_open.jpg/260px-Koelkast_open.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Koelkast_open.jpg/390px-Koelkast_open.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Koelkast_open.jpg/520px-Koelkast_open.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Geopende koelkast met twee groenteladen</figcaption></figure> <p>Een <b>koelkast</b> of <b>ijskast</b> (in <a href="/wiki/Belgi%C3%AB" title="België">België</a> informeel ook <i><b>frigo</b></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is een apparaat voor het gekoeld bewaren van etenswaren en dranken. </p><p>Het is een van de grote, vast opgestelde, elektrische huishoudelijke apparaten die door de handel <a href="/wiki/Witgoed" title="Witgoed">witgoed</a> worden genoemd en in de 20e eeuw tot de standaarduitrusting van het '<a href="/wiki/Westerse_wereld" title="Westerse wereld">westerse</a>' <a href="/wiki/Huishouden" title="Huishouden">huishouden</a> zijn gaan behoren. </p><p>Een koelkast heeft een <a href="/wiki/Thermostaat" title="Thermostaat">thermostaat</a> die ingesteld kan worden op een bepaalde temperatuur, vaak enkele graden <a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">Celsius</a> boven nul. Dit remt het bederf van etenswaren en andere substanties zonder ze veel te veranderen, kan voor het consumeren van dranken een gewenste temperatuur zijn, en voorkomt bijvoorbeeld het smelten van chocola. </p><p>Een koelkast kan uitgerust zijn met een vriesgedeelte in de vorm van een vriesvak dat in het koelgedeelte zit of een apart vriesgedeelte met een eigen deur. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymologie">Etymologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koelkast&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Etymologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koelkast&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Etymologie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De term <i>ijskast</i> is afkomstig uit de tijd voor de elektrische koelkast. Ook toen werd er gebruikgemaakt van koel gehouden kasten voor het bewaren van etenswaar; de term <b>ijskast</b> werd specifiek gebruikt als dat koel houden gebeurde door het in de kast plaatsen van blokken <a href="/wiki/IJs_(water)" title="IJs (water)">ijs</a>, die daartoe door speciale verkopers aan huis werden verkocht. Gegoede families hadden op hun landgoed vaak zelf een ijshuis of <a href="/wiki/IJskelder" title="IJskelder">ijskelder</a> waaruit ijs gehaald kon worden om mee te koelen. Met <i>koelkast</i> werd in het algemeen een ruimte bedoeld die op een lagere <a href="/wiki/Temperatuur" title="Temperatuur">temperatuur</a> kan worden gebracht en gehouden dan de omgevingstemperatuur. De term <i>frigo</i> (van het Amerikaanse merk "Frigidaire", dat bestaat sinds 1919) is door <a href="/wiki/Merkverwatering" class="mw-redirect" title="Merkverwatering">merkverwatering</a> voor elk merk koelkast gebruikt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koelkast&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koelkast&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geschiedenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Theater_commercial%2C_electric_refrigerator%2C_1926.ogv/260px--Theater_commercial%2C_electric_refrigerator%2C_1926.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="260" height="195" data-durationhint="53" data-mwtitle="Theater_commercial,_electric_refrigerator,_1926.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Bestand:Theater_commercial,_electric_refrigerator,_1926.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/Theater_commercial%2C_electric_refrigerator%2C_1926.ogv/Theater_commercial%2C_electric_refrigerator%2C_1926.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Theater_commercial%2C_electric_refrigerator%2C_1926.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/Theater_commercial%2C_electric_refrigerator%2C_1926.ogv/Theater_commercial%2C_electric_refrigerator%2C_1926.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/Theater_commercial%2C_electric_refrigerator%2C_1926.ogv/Theater_commercial%2C_electric_refrigerator%2C_1926.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/Theater_commercial%2C_electric_refrigerator%2C_1926.ogv/Theater_commercial%2C_electric_refrigerator%2C_1926.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Amerikaanse reclamespot voor een <i>elektrische</i> koelkast uit 1926</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Algemeen">Algemeen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koelkast&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Algemeen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koelkast&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Algemeen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Voor het tijdperk van de ijskast was men voor het <a href="/wiki/Conserveren_(voedsel)" title="Conserveren (voedsel)">conserveren</a> van voedingsmiddelen aangewezen op andere technieken, zoals <a href="/wiki/Wecken" title="Wecken">wecken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drogen" title="Drogen">drogen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pekelen" title="Pekelen">pekelen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Gekonfijt_fruit" title="Gekonfijt fruit">konfijten</a>. Bij deze technieken werd de groei van bacteriën geremd door respectievelijk het verhitten en <a href="/wiki/Vacu%C3%BCm" title="Vacuüm">vacuüm</a> maken (vacumeren), het onttrekken van vocht of het toevoegen van veel zout of suiker. Dit had een wijziging van de smaak, de structuur en vaak ook de kleur tot gevolg, wat bij de koelkast niet meer het geval is. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Tellier" title="Charles Tellier">Charles Tellier</a> ontwikkelde in 1869 de eerste bruikbare koeling voor levensmiddelen. </p><p>In 1926 vond <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> samen met <a href="/wiki/Leo_Szilard" class="mw-redirect" title="Leo Szilard">Leo Szilard</a> de zogenaamde <i>Einstein–Szilard koelkast</i> uit. Deze <a href="/wiki/Absorptiekoeling" title="Absorptiekoeling">absorptiekoelmachine</a> werkte op gas onder constante druk en had geen bewegende delen. Omdat het toestel geen elektriciteit nodig had maar enkel een hittebron, was de koelkast heel geschikt voor arme gebieden. Het toestel, dat eigenlijk een alternatieve versie was van het originele ontwerp uit 1922 van de Zweedse uitvinders Baltzar von Platen en Carl Munters, werd door Szilard gepatenteerd in de VS in 1930. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nederland_en_België"><span id="Nederland_en_Belgi.C3.AB"></span>Nederland en België</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koelkast&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Nederland en België" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koelkast&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Nederland en België"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De moderne ijskast deed in <a href="/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland">Nederland</a> en <a href="/wiki/Belgi%C3%AB" title="België">België</a> in de eerste helft van de 20e eeuw zijn intrede. Etna introduceerde in 1933 in Nederland de elektrische koelkast.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Met de ontwikkeling van moderne <a href="/wiki/Koeltechniek" title="Koeltechniek">koeltechnieken</a> en de verspreiding van <a href="/wiki/Elektriciteit" title="Elektriciteit">elektriciteit</a> konden ijskasten hun eigen koelsysteem krijgen en op het lichtnet worden aangesloten. </p><p>In 1954 had slechts 10% van de Nederlandse gezinnen een koelkast.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De prijs van een koelkast lag met 500 tot 700 gulden voor de meesten veel te hoog. <a href="/wiki/Albert_Heijn_(supermarkt)" title="Albert Heijn (supermarkt)">Albert Heijn</a> bood in 1962 daarom via de <a href="/wiki/Premie_van_de_Maand_Club" title="Premie van de Maand Club">Premie van de Maand Club</a> (PMC), koelkasten aan met 50% korting, waardoor een koelkast door velen ineens wel aangeschaft kon worden; er werden zo 145.000 koelkasten geleverd. Tevens kwamen hierdoor de prijzen van koelkasten sterk onder druk te staan, waardoor de handel de prijzen moest gaan verlagen. Dit zette de trend in tot de koelkast als gemeengoed in het huishouden. </p><p>De Consumentenbond publiceerde in 1964 haar eerste consumententest die over koelkasten ging. Ook hier ging een aanjagende werking van uit. In 1972 bezat 93% van de Nederlandse bevolking een koelkast. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beschrijving">Beschrijving</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koelkast&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Beschrijving" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koelkast&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Beschrijving"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het in <a href="/wiki/Europa_(werelddeel)" title="Europa (werelddeel)">Europa</a> meest voorkomende type koelkast is het tafelmodel. Dit is een staande kast met een bovenblad, die desgewenst onder het <a href="/wiki/Aanrecht" title="Aanrecht">aanrecht</a> kan worden geschoven, zodanig dat alleen de voorkant zichtbaar is. Die voorkant bestaat uit een deur, die meestal naar rechts opendraait, maar soms naar links. Bij sommige modellen kan de draairichting door de gebruiker veranderd worden. De deur is voorzien van een magnetisch deurrubber, dat er niet alleen voor zorgt dat de koelkast goed afgesloten is, maar dat ook de deur in geval van opsluiting, van binnenuit geopend kan worden, zodat voorkomen wordt dat iemand (meestal een kind) door <a href="/wiki/Koelkastverstikking" title="Koelkastverstikking">koelkastverstikking</a> om het leven komt. </p><p>In het interieur bevinden zich: </p> <ul><li>een koelelement, bestaande uit een metalen kastje (het <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vriesvak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vriesvak (de pagina bestaat niet)">vriesvak</a>, horizontaal bovenin geplaatst) of een al dan niet zichtbare metalen plaat (horizontaal bovenin of verticaal in de achterwand geplaatst), waarvan de temperatuur onder het vriespunt gehouden wordt</li> <li>daaronder twee of drie uitneembare geplastificeerde ijzeren roosters dan wel glazen platen, die als <a href="/w/index.php?title=Schappen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schappen (de pagina bestaat niet)">schappen</a> dienen</li> <li>daaronder een glazen dekplaat</li> <li>daaronder een of twee uitneembare plastic bakken, die voor het bewaren van <a href="/wiki/Groenten" class="mw-redirect" title="Groenten">groenten</a> worden gebruikt</li></ul> <p>Aan de achterkant van de koelkast, die niet bekleed is, bevindt zich het feitelijke koelmechanisme. </p><p>Twee andere veelvoorkomende modellen zijn de tweedeurskoelkast en de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koelvriescombinatie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koelvriescombinatie (de pagina bestaat niet)">koelvriescombinatie</a>. Deze zijn aanzienlijk hoger en bevatten daardoor vaak meer schappen. Ook bevatten ze een apart schap voor diepvriezen, vaak met een aparte deur en bij de duurdere en grotere modellen zijn er vaak twee koelcircuits. </p><p>Andere modellen bestaan (bijvoorbeeld de zogeheten <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerikaanse_koelkast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amerikaanse koelkast (de pagina bestaat niet)">Amerikaanse koelkast</a>, een manshoog model met twee deuren naast elkaar en een ijsblokjesmachine), maar komen minder vaak voor. </p><p>Kleinere modellen vindt men bijvoorbeeld in <a href="/wiki/Kampeerauto" title="Kampeerauto">campers</a> en <a href="/wiki/Caravan_(aanhangwagen)" title="Caravan (aanhangwagen)">caravans</a> of als <a href="/wiki/Minibar" title="Minibar">minibar</a> op hotelkamers. Deze zijn vaak ook technisch verschillend van de grotere koelkasten in huishoudens, bijvoorbeeld omdat geen <a href="/wiki/Netspanning" title="Netspanning">netspanning</a> beschikbaar is of omdat een stil proces (zonder compressor) gewenst is. Zowel voor caravans/campers als voor minibars wordt daarom vaak een <a href="/wiki/Absorptiekoeling" title="Absorptiekoeling">absorptiekoelkast</a> ingezet: deze werkt met enkel een warmtebron, bijvoorbeeld op butaan of propaan uit een <a href="/wiki/Gasfles" title="Gasfles">gasfles</a> of een verwarmingselement en is door de afwezigheid van bewegende delen stiller dan een compressorkoelkast. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vervoer">Vervoer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koelkast&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Vervoer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koelkast&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Vervoer"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Er wordt vaak beweerd dat een koelkast liggend kan worden vervoerd. Dit is echter sterk af te raden omdat de olie uit de compressor dan het koelsysteem in gaat stromen waardoor er een grote kans bestaat op een verstopping van de capillaire buis waardoor de koelkast niet of nagenoeg niet meer koelt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Werking">Werking</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koelkast&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Werking" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koelkast&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Werking"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Circuit_warmtepomp.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Circuit_warmtepomp.svg/260px-Circuit_warmtepomp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Circuit_warmtepomp.svg/390px-Circuit_warmtepomp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Circuit_warmtepomp.svg/520px-Circuit_warmtepomp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="694" data-file-height="468" /></a><figcaption>Circuit van een warmtepomp</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Onderdelen_warmtepomp_van_koelkast.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Onderdelen_warmtepomp_van_koelkast.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="416" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="416" /></a><figcaption>Achterkant van een oud model koelkast met duidelijk de onderdelen van de warmtepomp zichtbaar. Zie tekst voor beschrijving van de onderdelen.</figcaption></figure> <p>Het "hart" van een koelkast is een <a href="/wiki/Warmtepomp" title="Warmtepomp">warmtepomp</a>: de koelende werking berust op de <a href="/wiki/Verdamping" title="Verdamping">verdamping</a> van een <a href="/wiki/Vloeistof" title="Vloeistof">vloeistof</a>, een <a href="/wiki/Koudemiddel" title="Koudemiddel">koudemiddel</a>, waarbij <a href="/wiki/Verdampingswarmte" title="Verdampingswarmte">verdampingswarmte</a> via de verdamper aan de binnenkant van de koelkast wordt onttrokken. De damp wordt in een compressor weer samengeperst en daarna vloeibaar gemaakt onder het vrijkomen van warmte die aan de achterkant van de koelkast via een buizenstelsel in de vorm van een rooster (de <a href="/wiki/Condensor_(damp)" title="Condensor (damp)">condensor</a>) aan de omgeving wordt afgegeven. Aanvankelijk werd als koudemiddel <a href="/wiki/Ammoniak" title="Ammoniak">ammoniak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zwaveldioxide" title="Zwaveldioxide">zwaveldioxide</a> of <a href="/wiki/Methylchloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylchloride">methylchloride</a> gebruikt, later veelal <a href="/wiki/Chloorfluorkoolstofverbinding" title="Chloorfluorkoolstofverbinding">chloorfluorkoolstofverbindingen</a> (CFK's) zoals <a href="/wiki/Freon" title="Freon">Freon</a> R-12, R22, R502. Toen men zich bewust werd van de schadelijke werking hiervan op de <a href="/wiki/Ozonlaag" title="Ozonlaag">ozonlaag</a> is er gezocht naar alternatieven, en werden CFK's onder invloed van het <a href="/wiki/Montreal-protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal-protocol">Montreal-protocol</a> uitgefaseerd. Tegenwoordig wordt daarom gebruikgemaakt van andere koudemiddelen: HFK's (<a href="/wiki/Fluorkoolwaterstof" title="Fluorkoolwaterstof">fluorkoolwaterstoffen</a>) zoals <a href="/wiki/1,1,1,2-tetrafluorethaan" title="1,1,1,2-tetrafluorethaan">Suva R-134a</a> en alkanen zoals <a href="/wiki/Propaan" title="Propaan">propaan</a>. De nu nog alom gebruikte term "freon" voor koudemiddelen is sinds de invoering van de HFK's niet meer correct. Tegenwoordig wordt vooral R600a gebruikt, ook wel <a href="/wiki/Isobutaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Isobutaan">isobutaan</a> genoemd. Dit gas mag vanwege de geringe schadelijkheid voor de ozonlaag ook gebruikt worden in spuitbussen zoals <a href="/wiki/Deodorant" title="Deodorant">deodorant</a>. </p><p>De koelkast bestaat dan ook koeltechnisch uit de volgende onderdelen met de nummering van de afbeelding: </p> <ol><li>Compressor</li> <li>Condensor (hoge druk, hoge temperatuur)</li> <li><i>a.</i> Droogfilter (overgebleven water na <a href="/wiki/Vacu%C3%BCm" title="Vacuüm">vacuüm</a> pompen verwijderen uit systeem en capillaire buis beschermen)<br /><i>b.</i> Capillaire buis (volume verkleinen en voor drukverschil zorgen)</li> <li>Verdamper (niet zichtbaar op afbeelding, lage druk en lage temperatuur)</li></ol> <p>Bij nieuwere koelkasten en barmodel koelkasten is de condensor niet zichtbaar, deze bevindt zich achter de metalen buitenkant. De werking kan direct na inschakeling worden gecontroleerd door aan de leidingen van de compressor te voelen: de dunne buis moet erg heet worden en de buis die teruggaat naar de compressor moet koud worden. Wanneer de compressor wel draait en hier geen temperatuurverschil in zit dan is er onvoldoende koelgas of is er geen stroming door bijvoorbeeld een verstopping of een kapotte klep in de compressor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vriesgedeelte">Vriesgedeelte</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koelkast&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Vriesgedeelte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koelkast&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Vriesgedeelte"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het vriesgedeelte van een koelkast wordt kouder dan het koelgedeelte doordat deze het begin en het grootste gedeelte van de verdamper bevat. Ook heeft een apart vriesgedeelte meestal een veel betere isolatie dan het koelgedeelte; dit is nodig omdat het temperatuurverschil hier veel groter is. Daarom heeft een koelkast met een vriesvak weinig isolatie nodig omdat hier de omgevingstemperatuur nooit hoger is dan de temperatuur in het koelgedeelte. De temperatuur van een koelkast wordt over het algemeen geregeld door een temperatuursensor die op de verdamper zit, en dus niet rechtstreeks aan de hand van de temperatuur in het koel- of vriesgedeelte. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Andere_koelmethoden">Andere koelmethoden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koelkast&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Andere koelmethoden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koelkast&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Andere koelmethoden"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Er is ook een koelproces te construeren dat op een <a href="/wiki/Aardgas" title="Aardgas">gas</a>-, <a href="/wiki/Spiritus_(alcohol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiritus (alcohol)">spiritus</a>- of <a href="/wiki/Kerosine" title="Kerosine">petroleum</a>-brandertje werkt (<a href="/wiki/Absorptiekoeling" title="Absorptiekoeling">absorptiekoeling</a>), en dat gebruikt wordt in situaties waar geen elektriciteit beschikbaar is, bijvoorbeeld in <a href="/wiki/Caravan_(aanhangwagen)" title="Caravan (aanhangwagen)">caravans</a>. </p><p>Verder zijn er thermo-akoestische koelmethoden en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stirlingkoeler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stirlingkoeler (de pagina bestaat niet)">stirlingkoelers</a> waarmee heel efficiënte koelkasten zijn te construeren; deze hebben echter nog geen ingang op grote schaal gevonden. In het laboratorium en voor kleine wijnkoelkasten en koelboxen wordt wel gebruikgemaakt van het <a href="/wiki/Thermo-elektrisch_effect" title="Thermo-elektrisch effect">thermo-elektrisch effect</a> (<a href="/wiki/Peltiereffect" title="Peltiereffect">peltiereffect</a> of <i>solid state cooling</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Afdanken_en_verwijderingsbijdrage">Afdanken en verwijderingsbijdrage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koelkast&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Afdanken en verwijderingsbijdrage" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koelkast&action=edit&section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Afdanken en verwijderingsbijdrage"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Nederland kunnen koelkasten worden ingeleverd bij de gemeente, veelal bij een <a href="/wiki/Milieupark" title="Milieupark">milieupark</a> waar het apparaat wordt ingezameld voor <a href="/wiki/Recycling" title="Recycling">recycling</a>. Hier wordt het koelgas en de olie zorgvuldig verwijderd uit het systeem, hierna worden de compressors verwijderd en met de hand gedemonteerd en de rest wordt versnippert. </p><p>Op de aanschafprijs van een nieuwe koelkast zit vaak een <a href="/wiki/Verwijderingsbijdrage" title="Verwijderingsbijdrage">verwijderingsbijdrage</a> inbegrepen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_link">Externe link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koelkast&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe link" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koelkast&action=edit&section=11" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe link"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140824035311/http://home.howstuffworks.com/refrigerator.htm">How stuff works: koelkast</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koelkast&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koelkast&action=edit&section=12" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Einstein-koelkast" title="Einstein-koelkast">Einstein-koelkast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koelkastverstikking" title="Koelkastverstikking">Koelkastverstikking</a></li></ul> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Domestic_refrigerators#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Domestic refrigerators">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Domestic_refrigerators#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Domestic refrigerators">Domestic refrigerators</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div> <div class="interProject wiktionary mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/koelkast" class="extiw" title="wikt:koelkast">WikiWoordenboek</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Wiktionary-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/25px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/38px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/50px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></div> <div>Zoek <i><b><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/koelkast" class="extiw" title="wikt:koelkast">koelkast</a></b></i> op in het <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">WikiWoordenboek</a>.</div> </div> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en referenties</span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://techniekinnederland.nl/nl/index.php?title=De_doorbraak_van_de_koelkast_in_het_huishouden">[3]</a> <i>Albert Heijn maakt de koelkast betaalbaar</i>, publicatie TU Eindhoven.</li></ul> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160216103522/http://www.vrt.be/taal/frigo">VRT-Taalnet "frigo"</a>. Gearchiveerd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2016-02-16">16 februari 2016</span>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2023-08-18">18 augustus 2023</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://media.kieskeurig.nl/images/01/71/93/51/ed2e/4a9d/9a1e/2119a8a27001/orig.pdf">[1]</a> <i>Etna keukenapparatuur</i>, tijdlijn: 1933, 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://blog.liebherr.com/huishoud/nl/geschiedenis-koelkast/">[2]</a> <i>Geschiedenis koelkast</i>, Freshmag.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koelkast&oldid=68187454">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koelkast&oldid=68187454</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Keukenapparatuur" title="Categorie:Keukenapparatuur">Keukenapparatuur</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Koeling" title="Categorie:Koeling">Koeling</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Verborgen categorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Wikipedia:Commonscat_met_lokaal_andere_link_dan_op_Wikidata" title="Categorie:Wikipedia:Commonscat met lokaal andere link dan op Wikidata">Wikipedia:Commonscat met lokaal andere link dan op Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 30 sep 2024 om 14:20.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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