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role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="メインメニュー" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">メインメニュー</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" 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<div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="利用者メニュー" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ja.wikipedia.org&uselang=ja"><span>寄付</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%90&returnto=%E3%81%B8%E3%81%8D%E9%96%8B" title="アカウントを作成してログインすることをお勧めしますが、必須ではありません"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>アカウント作成</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B0%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3&returnto=%E3%81%B8%E3%81%8D%E9%96%8B" title="ログインすることを推奨します。ただし、必須ではありません。 [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ログイン</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ログアウトした編集者のページ <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AD%E3%83%9A%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E3%81%B8%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%93%E3%81%9D" aria-label="編集の詳細"><span>もっと詳しく</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E8%87%AA%E5%88%86%E3%81%AE%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF%E8%A8%98%E9%8C%B2" title="このIPアドレスからなされた編集の一覧 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>投稿記録</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%83%88%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8" title="このIPアドレスからなされた編集についての議論 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>トーク</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="サイト"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目次" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目次</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">サイドバーに移動</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">非表示</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ページ先頭</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-概要" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#概要"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>概要</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-概要-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-裂開" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#裂開"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>裂開</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-裂開-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-へき開の種類" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#へき開の種類"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>へき開の種類</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-へき開の種類-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>へき開の種類サブセクションを切り替えます</span> </button> <ul id="toc-へき開の種類-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-へき開:_完全" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#へき開:_完全"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>へき開: 完全</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-へき開:_完全-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-へき開:_明瞭" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#へき開:_明瞭"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>へき開: 明瞭</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-へき開:_明瞭-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-へき開:_不明瞭" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#へき開:_不明瞭"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>へき開: 不明瞭</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-へき開:_不明瞭-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-へき開:_なし" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#へき開:_なし"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>へき開: なし</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-へき開:_なし-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宝石加工におけるへき開" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宝石加工におけるへき開"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>宝石加工におけるへき開</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宝石加工におけるへき開-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-出典" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#出典"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>出典</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-出典-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-関連項目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#関連項目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>関連項目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-関連項目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部リンク" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部リンク"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>外部リンク</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部リンク-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目次" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目次" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="目次の表示・非表示を切り替え" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">目次の表示・非表示を切り替え</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">へき開</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="特定の記事の別の言語版に移動します。利用可能な言語45件" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45の言語版</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="アラビア語: انفصام بلوري" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="انفصام بلوري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="アラビア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="ベラルーシ語: Спайнасць" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Спайнасць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ベラルーシ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="ブルガリア語: Цепителност" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Цепителност" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ブルガリア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalavost_(kristal)" title="ボスニア語: Kalavost (kristal)" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kalavost (kristal)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ボスニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exfoliaci%C3%B3_(mineralogia)" title="カタロニア語: Exfoliació (mineralogia)" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Exfoliació (mineralogia)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="カタロニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0t%C4%9Bpnost" title="チェコ語: Štěpnost" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Štěpnost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="チェコ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaltbarkeit" title="ドイツ語: Spaltbarkeit" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Spaltbarkeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ドイツ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleavage_(crystal)" title="英語: Cleavage (crystal)" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cleavage (crystal)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klivebleco" title="エスペラント語: Klivebleco" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Klivebleco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="エスペラント語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exfoliaci%C3%B3n_(mineralog%C3%ADa)" title="スペイン語: Exfoliación (mineralogía)" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Exfoliación (mineralogía)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="スペイン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B5henevus" title="エストニア語: Lõhenevus" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lõhenevus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="エストニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esfoliazio_(mineralogia)" title="バスク語: Esfoliazio (mineralogia)" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Esfoliazio (mineralogia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="バスク語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AE_(%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="ペルシア語: رخ (کانی‌شناسی)" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رخ (کانی‌شناسی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ペルシア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lohkeavuus" title="フィンランド語: Lohkeavuus" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lohkeavuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="フィンランド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clivage" title="フランス語: Clivage" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Clivage" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="フランス語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exfoliaci%C3%B3n_(mineralox%C3%ADa)" title="ガリシア語: Exfoliación (mineraloxía)" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Exfoliación (mineraloxía)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ガリシア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA" title="ヘブライ語: פצילות" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פצילות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ヘブライ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8_(%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2)" title="ヒンディー語: विदलन (क्रिस्टल)" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विदलन (क्रिस्टल)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ヒンディー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalavost" title="クロアチア語: Kalavost" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kalavost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="クロアチア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klivaj" title="ハイチ・クレオール語: Klivaj" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Klivaj" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="ハイチ・クレオール語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belahan_(kristal)" title="インドネシア語: Belahan (kristal)" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Belahan (kristal)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="インドネシア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klivo" title="イド語: Klivo" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Klivo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="イド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfaldatura" title="イタリア語: Sfaldatura" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sfaldatura" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="イタリア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ジョージア語: ტკეჩადობა" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტკეჩადობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ジョージア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA" title="カザフ語: Бөлектік" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бөлектік" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="カザフ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%BD%EA%B0%9C" title="韓国語: 벽개" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="벽개" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓国語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skalumas" title="リトアニア語: Skalumas" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Skalumas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="リトアニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skaldn%C4%ABba" title="ラトビア語: Skaldnība" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Skaldnība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ラトビア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splitten_(Mineral)" title="低地ドイツ語: Splitten (Mineral)" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Splitten (Mineral)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地ドイツ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splijting_(kristal)" title="オランダ語: Splijting (kristal)" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Splijting (kristal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="オランダ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kl%C3%B8yv" title="ノルウェー語(ニーノシュク): Kløyv" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kløyv" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ノルウェー語(ニーノシュク)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kl%C3%B8v_(mineralogi)" title="ノルウェー語(ブークモール): Kløv (mineralogi)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kløv (mineralogi)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ノルウェー語(ブークモール)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81upliwo%C5%9B%C4%87" title="ポーランド語: Łupliwość" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Łupliwość" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ポーランド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clivagem_(mineralogia)" title="ポルトガル語: Clivagem (mineralogia)" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Clivagem (mineralogia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ポルトガル語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clivaj" title="ルーマニア語: Clivaj" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Clivaj" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ルーマニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="ロシア語: Спайность" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Спайность" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ロシア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleavage_(crystal)" title="スコットランド語: Cleavage (crystal)" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cleavage (crystal)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="スコットランド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalavost" title="セルボ・クロアチア語: Kalavost" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kalavost" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="セルボ・クロアチア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razkolnost" title="スロベニア語: Razkolnost" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Razkolnost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="スロベニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaltning" title="スウェーデン語: Spaltning" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Spaltning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="スウェーデン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9A" title="タイ語: แนวแตกเรียบ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แนวแตกเรียบ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="タイ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="ウクライナ語: Спайність" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Спайність" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ウクライナ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1t_khai" title="ベトナム語: Cát khai" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cát khai" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ベトナム語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E7%90%86" title="中国語: 解理" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="解理" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中国語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit-l%C3%AD" title="閩南語: Pit-lí" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pit-lí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="閩南語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q107400#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="言語間リンクを編集" class="wbc-editpage">リンクを編集</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="名前空間"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B8%E3%81%8D%E9%96%8B" title="本文を閲覧 [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ページ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88:%E3%81%B8%E3%81%8D%E9%96%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="本文ページについての議論 (存在しないページ) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>ノート</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="別の言語に切り替える" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">日本語</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="表示"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B8%E3%81%8D%E9%96%8B"><span>閲覧</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%81%B8%E3%81%8D%E9%96%8B&action=edit" title="このページのソースコードを編集する [e]" accesskey="e"><span>編集</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%81%B8%E3%81%8D%E9%96%8B&action=history" title="このページの過去の版 [h]" accesskey="h"><span>履歴を表示</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="ページツール"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ツール" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ツール</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ツール</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">サイドバーに移動</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">非表示</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="その他の操作" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B8%E3%81%8D%E9%96%8B"><span>閲覧</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%81%B8%E3%81%8D%E9%96%8B&action=edit" title="このページのソースコードを編集する [e]" accesskey="e"><span>編集</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%81%B8%E3%81%8D%E9%96%8B&action=history"><span>履歴を表示</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 全般 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E5%85%83/%E3%81%B8%E3%81%8D%E9%96%8B" title="ここにリンクしている全ウィキページの一覧 [j]" accesskey="j"><span>リンク元</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E9%96%A2%E9%80%A3%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%81%AE%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E7%8A%B6%E6%B3%81/%E3%81%B8%E3%81%8D%E9%96%8B" rel="nofollow" title="このページからリンクしているページの最近の更新 [k]" accesskey="k"><span>関連ページの更新状況</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:ファイルのアップロード" title="ファイルをアップロードする [u]" accesskey="u"><span>ファイルをアップロード</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%81%B8%E3%81%8D%E9%96%8B&oldid=102821042" title="このページのこの版への固定リンク"><span>この版への固定リンク</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%81%B8%E3%81%8D%E9%96%8B&action=info" title="このページについての詳細情報"><span>ページ情報</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%81%93%E3%81%AE%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%82%92%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8&page=%E3%81%B8%E3%81%8D%E9%96%8B&id=102821042&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="このページの引用方法"><span>このページを引用</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fja.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E3%2581%25B8%25E3%2581%258D%25E9%2596%258B"><span>短縮URLを取得する</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fja.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E3%2581%25B8%25E3%2581%258D%25E9%2596%258B"><span>QRコードをダウンロード</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 印刷/書き出し </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%83%96%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E3%81%B8%E3%81%8D%E9%96%8B"><span>ブックの新規作成</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E3%81%B8%E3%81%8D%E9%96%8B&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF 形式でダウンロード</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%81%B8%E3%81%8D%E9%96%8B&printable=yes" title="このページの印刷用ページ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>印刷用バージョン</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 他のプロジェクト </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cleavage_(crystal)" hreflang="en"><span>コモンズ</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q107400" title="関連付けられたデータリポジトリ項目へのリンク [g]" accesskey="g"><span>ウィキデータ項目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="ページツール"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="表示"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">表示</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">サイドバーに移動</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">非表示</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ja" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r101346560">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{margin:0.5em 0;padding:3px 2em;background-color:transparent;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;font-size:90%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .hatnote>table{color:inherit}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .hatnote>table{color:inherit}}</style><div class="hatnote dablink noprint"><table style="width:100%; background:transparent;"> <tbody><tr><td style="width:25px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Disambig_gray.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="曖昧さ回避"><img alt="曖昧さ回避" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span></td> <td>構造地質学や岩石学におけるへき開については「<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleavage_(geology)" class="extiw" title="en:Cleavage (geology)">en:Cleavage (geology)</a>」をご覧ください。</td> </tr></tbody></table></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Biotita1.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Biotita1.jpeg/220px-Biotita1.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Biotita1.jpeg/330px-Biotita1.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Biotita1.jpeg/440px-Biotita1.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="762" /></a><figcaption>劈開面に沿って分離した<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%92%E9%9B%B2%E6%AF%8D" title="黒雲母">黒雲母</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>へき開</b>（<b>劈開</b>、へきかい、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="英語">英</a>: <span lang="en"><i>cleavage</i></span>）とは、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%99%B6" title="結晶">結晶</a>や岩石の割れ方がある特定方向へ割れやすいという性質のこと<sup id="cite_ref-kot_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kot-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%B1%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="鉱物学">鉱物学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%99%B6%E5%AD%A6" title="結晶学">結晶学</a>用語である。<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9D%E7%9F%B3" title="宝石">宝石</a>の加工や、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%A6" title="工学">工学</a>の分野で重要な性質の1つ。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="概要"><span id=".E6.A6.82.E8.A6.81"></span>概要</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%81%B8%E3%81%8D%E9%96%8B&action=edit&section=1" title="節を編集: 概要"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>岩石を構成する<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E5%B2%A9%E9%89%B1%E7%89%A9" title="造岩鉱物">造岩鉱物</a>は結晶構造由来の<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%99%B6%E9%9D%A2" title="結晶面">結晶面</a>をもつ。この面では<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="原子">原子</a>間の結合力が弱くこの面に沿って割れやすい<sup id="cite_ref-kot_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kot-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。へき開によってできた結晶面を<b>へき開面</b>という<sup id="cite_ref-kot_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kot-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。この性質は、物の硬さを表す<b>硬度</b>以外に、物の衝撃による脆さを表す<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%86%E6%80%A7" title="脆性">脆性</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%B1%E6%80%A7" title="靱性">靱性</a>）とも関係する。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E5%B2%A9%E9%89%B1%E7%89%A9" title="造岩鉱物">造岩鉱物</a>の<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%99%B6" title="結晶">結晶</a>では<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B2%E6%AF%8D" title="雲母">雲母</a>や<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A7%A3%E7%9F%B3" title="方解石">方解石</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8D%E7%9F%B3" title="蛍石">蛍石</a>などは、結晶面での原子間の結びつきが非常に弱いため完全なへき開となるが、一方で<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E8%8B%B1" title="石英">石英</a>（または石英の結晶である<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%99%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="水晶">水晶</a>）や<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%98%E6%A6%B4%E7%9F%B3" title="柘榴石">柘榴石</a>では結晶面での原子間の結びつきが強く、へき開を起こす前に<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%9C%E5%8A%9B" title="応力">応力</a>で破断してしまうためへき開がみられない。<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A4%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89" title="ダイヤモンド">ダイヤモンド</a>は「完全」なへき開があり、正八面体の面に対して平行に割れる。この性質がダイヤモンドの加工をある程度容易にしている。 </p><p>輝石と<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E9%96%83%E7%9F%B3" title="角閃石">角閃石</a>はよく似ており、ともに2方向にへき開面をもつが、輝石ではへき開面がほぼ直角に交わるという違いがあり、このことが鑑定に利用される<sup id="cite_ref-hori85_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hori85-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>金属では、結晶であっても一般に<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%91%E6%80%A7" title="塑性">塑性</a>が大きく、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金">金</a>に至っては厚さ約0.0001ミリメートルにまで延ばせるほど（この性質を<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%95%E5%BB%B6%E6%80%A7" title="展延性">展延性</a>という）であり、そのためにへき開がみられない。 </p><p>微細結晶が緻密に集まった構造の岩石は、視覚的に判別できるほど大きい結晶面由来の構造がないためにへき開はない。一般にこのような構造の岩石は靱性が大きく加工中の衝撃やへき開で壊れにくいため、精密な細工を施すことができる。代表的な<a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%A1%E7%BF%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="翡翠">翡翠</a>では、構成する<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%82%B9%E3%82%A4%E8%BC%9D%E7%9F%B3" title="ヒスイ輝石">ヒスイ輝石</a>は石英より硬さが劣るが、精密な加工を施せて耐久性もあるため様々に利用される。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="裂開"><span id=".E8.A3.82.E9.96.8B"></span>裂開</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%81%B8%E3%81%8D%E9%96%8B&action=edit&section=2" title="節を編集: 裂開"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>岩石や結晶の種類が同じであっても産地の違いによりへき開とは異なる明瞭な方向で割れ面が見られることがある。このような性質をへき開と区別して<b>裂開</b> （れっかい、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="英語">英</a>: <span lang="en"><i>divulsion</i></span>）という<sup id="cite_ref-hori85_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hori85-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="へき開の種類"><span id=".E3.81.B8.E3.81.8D.E9.96.8B.E3.81.AE.E7.A8.AE.E9.A1.9E"></span>へき開の種類</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%81%B8%E3%81%8D%E9%96%8B&action=edit&section=3" title="節を編集: へき開の種類"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%B1%E7%89%A9" title="鉱物">鉱物</a>のへき開は、大まかに「完全」、「明瞭」、「不明瞭」、「なし」に分類される（もっと細かく分ける場合もある）<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。へき開が完全に近いほど、その鉱物は簡単に割れることになる。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="へき開:_完全"><span id=".E3.81.B8.E3.81.8D.E9.96.8B:_.E5.AE.8C.E5.85.A8"></span>へき開: 完全</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%81%B8%E3%81%8D%E9%96%8B&action=edit&section=4" title="節を編集: へき開: 完全"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 154px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 152px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Calcite3USGOV.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="方解石方解石は非常に割れやすく、どんなに細かく割っても平行六面体のきれいな形になる。"><img alt="方解石方解石は非常に割れやすく、どんなに細かく割っても平行六面体のきれいな形になる。" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Calcite3USGOV.jpg/228px-Calcite3USGOV.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Calcite3USGOV.jpg/343px-Calcite3USGOV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Calcite3USGOV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A7%A3%E7%9F%B3" title="方解石">方解石</a> <br /><div style="float:left;">方解石は非常に割れやすく、どんなに細かく割っても<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%8C%E5%85%AD%E9%9D%A2%E4%BD%93" title="平行六面体">平行六面体</a>のきれいな形になる。</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 216.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 214.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Biotite.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="黒雲母雲母は極めて薄くはがれやすく、へき開に沿って指で剥離できる。"><img alt="黒雲母雲母は極めて薄くはがれやすく、へき開に沿って指で剥離できる。" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Biotite.jpg/322px-Biotite.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Biotite.jpg/484px-Biotite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Biotite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="388" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%92%E9%9B%B2%E6%AF%8D" title="黒雲母">黒雲母</a> <br /><div style="float:left;">雲母は極めて薄くはがれやすく、へき開に沿って指で剥離できる。</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Galena.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="方鉛鉱方鉛鉱は直角に四角く欠けていくことが特徴で、へき開によってすぐそれと分かる。"><img alt="方鉛鉱方鉛鉱は直角に四角く欠けていくことが特徴で、へき開によってすぐそれと分かる。" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Galena.jpg/240px-Galena.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Galena.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="337" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E9%89%9B%E9%89%B1" title="方鉛鉱">方鉛鉱</a> <br /><div style="float:left;">方鉛鉱は直角に四角く欠けていくことが特徴で、へき開によってすぐそれと分かる。</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 93.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 91.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Fluorite_crystals_270x444.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="蛍石蛍石は、ダイヤモンドと同じく八面体の面に沿った綺麗なへき開が見られる。"><img alt="蛍石蛍石は、ダイヤモンドと同じく八面体の面に沿った綺麗なへき開が見られる。" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Fluorite_crystals_270x444.jpg/137px-Fluorite_crystals_270x444.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Fluorite_crystals_270x444.jpg/205px-Fluorite_crystals_270x444.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Fluorite_crystals_270x444.jpg 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="444" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8D%E7%9F%B3" title="蛍石">蛍石</a> <br /><div style="float:left;">蛍石は、ダイヤモンドと同じく八面体の面に沿った綺麗なへき開が見られる。</div></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="へき開:_明瞭"><span id=".E3.81.B8.E3.81.8D.E9.96.8B:_.E6.98.8E.E7.9E.AD"></span>へき開: 明瞭</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%81%B8%E3%81%8D%E9%96%8B&action=edit&section=5" title="節を編集: へき開: 明瞭"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 208px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:KyaniteUSGOV.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="藍晶石（カイヤナイト）"><img alt="藍晶石（カイヤナイト）" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/KyaniteUSGOV.jpg/312px-KyaniteUSGOV.jpg" decoding="async" width="208" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/KyaniteUSGOV.jpg/469px-KyaniteUSGOV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/KyaniteUSGOV.jpg/624px-KyaniteUSGOV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E6%99%B6%E7%9F%B3" title="藍晶石">藍晶石</a>（カイヤナイト）</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 144.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 142.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:ArsenopiritaEZ.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="硫砒鉄鉱"><img alt="硫砒鉄鉱" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/ArsenopiritaEZ.jpg/214px-ArsenopiritaEZ.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/ArsenopiritaEZ.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="308" data-file-height="324" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E7%A0%92%E9%89%84%E9%89%B1" title="硫砒鉄鉱">硫砒鉄鉱</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 156px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 154px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Aragonite_2_Enguidanos.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="霰石"><img alt="霰石" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Aragonite_2_Enguidanos.jpg/231px-Aragonite_2_Enguidanos.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Aragonite_2_Enguidanos.jpg/347px-Aragonite_2_Enguidanos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Aragonite_2_Enguidanos.jpg/462px-Aragonite_2_Enguidanos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5425" data-file-height="5289" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AC%E7%9F%B3" title="アラレ石">霰石</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 93.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 91.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Titanite-41339.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="チタン石"><img alt="チタン石" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Titanite-41339.jpg/137px-Titanite-41339.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Titanite-41339.jpg/207px-Titanite-41339.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Titanite-41339.jpg/275px-Titanite-41339.jpg 2x" data-file-width="367" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E7%9F%B3" title="チタン石">チタン石</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="へき開:_不明瞭"><span id=".E3.81.B8.E3.81.8D.E9.96.8B:_.E4.B8.8D.E6.98.8E.E7.9E.AD"></span>へき開: 不明瞭</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%81%B8%E3%81%8D%E9%96%8B&action=edit&section=6" title="節を編集: へき開: 不明瞭"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 178px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 176px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Beryll.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="緑柱石（ベリル）"><img alt="緑柱石（ベリル）" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Beryll.jpg/264px-Beryll.jpg" decoding="async" width="176" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Beryll.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="256" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%91%E6%9F%B1%E7%9F%B3" title="緑柱石">緑柱石</a>（ベリル）</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 224.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 222.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:TourmalineUSGOV.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="電気石（トルマリン）"><img alt="電気石（トルマリン）" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/TourmalineUSGOV.jpg/334px-TourmalineUSGOV.jpg" decoding="async" width="223" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/TourmalineUSGOV.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="243" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3" title="トルマリン">電気石</a>（トルマリン）</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Orthoclase-lc-443a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="長石"><img alt="長石" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Orthoclase-lc-443a.jpg/300px-Orthoclase-lc-443a.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Orthoclase-lc-443a.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E7%9F%B3" title="長石">長石</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="へき開:_なし"><span id=".E3.81.B8.E3.81.8D.E9.96.8B:_.E3.81.AA.E3.81.97"></span>へき開: なし</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%81%B8%E3%81%8D%E9%96%8B&action=edit&section=7" title="節を編集: へき開: なし"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>金はへき開をもたない代表的な鉱物（元素鉱物）で、割れることなく非常に薄くのばすことができる。 </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 107.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 105.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Native_gold_nuggets.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="自然金"><img alt="自然金" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Native_gold_nuggets.jpg/158px-Native_gold_nuggets.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Native_gold_nuggets.jpg/237px-Native_gold_nuggets.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Native_gold_nuggets.jpg/316px-Native_gold_nuggets.jpg 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="494" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E9%87%91" title="自然金">自然金</a><br /></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 233.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 231.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Pyrite_elbe.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="黄鉄鉱"><img alt="黄鉄鉱" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Pyrite_elbe.jpg/347px-Pyrite_elbe.jpg" decoding="async" width="232" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Pyrite_elbe.jpg/520px-Pyrite_elbe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Pyrite_elbe.jpg/693px-Pyrite_elbe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5196" data-file-height="3376" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E9%89%84%E9%89%B1" title="黄鉄鉱">黄鉄鉱</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Mineral_Granate_GDFL047.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="柘榴石（ガーネット） - ただし裂開をもつ"><img alt="柘榴石（ガーネット） - ただし裂開をもつ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Mineral_Granate_GDFL047.jpg/300px-Mineral_Granate_GDFL047.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Mineral_Granate_GDFL047.jpg/451px-Mineral_Granate_GDFL047.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Mineral_Granate_GDFL047.jpg/600px-Mineral_Granate_GDFL047.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1168" data-file-height="876" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%98%E6%A6%B4%E7%9F%B3" title="柘榴石">柘榴石</a>（ガーネット） - ただし<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%82%E9%96%8B" class="mw-disambig" title="裂開">裂開</a>をもつ</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 178px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 176px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Quartz_Br%C3%A9sil.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="石英（水晶）"><img alt="石英（水晶）" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Quartz_Br%C3%A9sil.jpg/264px-Quartz_Br%C3%A9sil.jpg" decoding="async" width="176" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Quartz_Br%C3%A9sil.jpg/397px-Quartz_Br%C3%A9sil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Quartz_Br%C3%A9sil.jpg/528px-Quartz_Br%C3%A9sil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3529" data-file-height="3006" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E8%8B%B1" title="石英">石英</a>（水晶）</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="宝石加工におけるへき開"><span id=".E5.AE.9D.E7.9F.B3.E5.8A.A0.E5.B7.A5.E3.81.AB.E3.81.8A.E3.81.91.E3.82.8B.E3.81.B8.E3.81.8D.E9.96.8B"></span>宝石加工におけるへき開</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%81%B8%E3%81%8D%E9%96%8B&action=edit&section=8" title="節を編集: 宝石加工におけるへき開"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Couperet_rituel_N%C3%A9pal_Guimet_2718.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Couperet_rituel_N%C3%A9pal_Guimet_2718.jpg/220px-Couperet_rituel_N%C3%A9pal_Guimet_2718.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Couperet_rituel_N%C3%A9pal_Guimet_2718.jpg/330px-Couperet_rituel_N%C3%A9pal_Guimet_2718.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Couperet_rituel_N%C3%A9pal_Guimet_2718.jpg/440px-Couperet_rituel_N%C3%A9pal_Guimet_2718.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1843" data-file-height="1530" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E8%8B%B1" title="石英">石英</a>（水晶） - へき開が無いため複雑な形を取ることができる</figcaption></figure> <p>へき開の性質は、宝石加工においてよく利用される。反面、へき開を持つ宝石をへき開面に沿わない形にカットすると、研磨工程や日常使用での負荷で簡単に割れる可能性があるためにカットや形状が制限される。 </p><p>モース硬度10の<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A4%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89" title="ダイヤモンド">ダイヤモンド</a>のカットはへき開を利用している。へき開面に沿わない面はダイヤモンド同士の研磨により形成する。市場で出回るカッティングされたダイヤモンドでクラリティ（透明度）の低い商品は、美しくないばかりでなく<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E5%8C%85%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="内包物">内包物</a>（インクルージョン）やクラック（割れ）が原因でへき開により割れやすい欠点がある。このため市場価値が低くなる。<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E8%8B%B1" title="石英">石英</a>や<a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%A1%E7%BF%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="翡翠">翡翠</a>のようにへき開が無いものは、カットは難しくなるが複雑で緻密な彫像のような形状に仕上げることができる。 </p><p>所有者にとってもどの宝石がへき開性を持つかを知ることは重要である。容易なへき開性を持つ宝石であったならば、所持や保管には価値を損ねてしまわないよう注意を要する。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="出典"><span id=".E5.87.BA.E5.85.B8"></span>出典</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%81%B8%E3%81%8D%E9%96%8B&action=edit&section=9" title="節を編集: 出典"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-kot-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kot_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kot_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kot_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="citation encyclopaedia" id="CITEREFkotobank-劈開">小松啓「<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%8A%88%E9%96%8B">劈開</a>」『改訂新版　世界大百科事典』<span style="display:none;">。<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%8A%88%E9%96%8B">https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%8A%88%E9%96%8B</a></span>。<span class="reference-accessdate"><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF" title="コトバンク">コトバンク</a>より<span title="">2024年11月9日</span>閲覧</span>。</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%E5%8A%88%E9%96%8B&rft.atitle=%E6%94%B9%E8%A8%82%E6%96%B0%E7%89%88%E3%80%80%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E4%BA%8B%E5%85%B8&rft.aulast=%E5%B0%8F%E6%9D%BE+%E5%95%93&rft.au=%E5%B0%8F%E6%9D%BE+%E5%95%93&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotobank.jp%2Fword%2F%25E5%258A%2588%25E9%2596%258B&rfr_id=info:sid/ja.wikipedia.org:%E3%81%B8%E3%81%8D%E9%96%8B"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hori85-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hori85_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hori85_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREF堀1999">堀 1999</a>, p. 85</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">“<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.city.kurashiki.okayama.jp/musnat/geology/mineral-rock-sirabekata/mineral44/mineral-warekata/mineral-warekata.html">鉱物の割れ方</a>”.  <a href="/wiki/%E5%80%89%E6%95%B7%E5%B8%82%E7%AB%8B%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%8F%B2%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8" title="倉敷市立自然史博物館">倉敷市立自然史博物館</a>. <span title="">2024年11月9日</span>閲覧。</cite></span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%81%B8%E3%81%8D%E9%96%8B&action=edit&section=10" title="節を編集: 参考文献"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="citation book" id="CITEREF堀1999"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%80%E7%A7%80%E9%81%93" title="堀秀道">堀秀道</a>『たのしい鉱物と宝石の博学辞典』<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%AE%9F%E6%A5%AD%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="日本実業出版社">日本実業出版社</a>、1999年。<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r101121245">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja1 q,.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja2 q{quotes:"「""」""『""』"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:var(--color-success,#3a3);margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99/4-534-02930-6" title="特別:文献資料/4-534-02930-6">4-534-02930-6</a>。</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%81%9F%E3%81%AE%E3%81%97%E3%81%84%E9%89%B1%E7%89%A9%E3%81%A8%E5%AE%9D%E7%9F%B3%E3%81%AE%E5%8D%9A%E5%AD%A6%E8%BE%9E%E5%85%B8&rft.aulast=%5B%5B%E5%A0%80%E7%A7%80%E9%81%93%5D%5D&rft.au=%5B%5B%E5%A0%80%E7%A7%80%E9%81%93%5D%5D&rft.date=1999&rft.pub=%5B%5B%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%AE%9F%E6%A5%AD%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE%5D%5D&rft.isbn=4-534-02930-6&rfr_id=info:sid/ja.wikipedia.org:%E3%81%B8%E3%81%8D%E9%96%8B"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="関連項目"><span id=".E9.96.A2.E9.80.A3.E9.A0.85.E7.9B.AE"></span>関連項目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%81%B8%E3%81%8D%E9%96%8B&action=edit&section=11" title="節を編集: 関連項目"><span>編集</span></a><span 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