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<span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Traits</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Traits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notochorde" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notochorde"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Notochorde</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notochorde-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Système_nerveux" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Système_nerveux"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Système nerveux</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Système_nerveux-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pharynx_fenestré" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pharynx_fenestré"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Pharynx fenestré</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pharynx_fenestré-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appareil_circulatoire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appareil_circulatoire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Appareil circulatoire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appareil_circulatoire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Histoire_évolutive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Histoire_évolutive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Histoire évolutive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Histoire_évolutive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liste_des_classes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liste_des_classes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Liste des classes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liste_des_classes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chordata</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 149 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-149" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">149 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugkoorddiere" title="Rugkoorddiere – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rugkoorddiere" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordatiere" title="Chordatiere – alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Chordatiere" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%9D%E1%8B%B0%E1%88%B5%E1%8C%8C" title="አምደስጌ – amharique" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አምደስጌ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="حبليات – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حبليات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="حبليات – arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="حبليات" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="حبليات – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حبليات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%27%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE" title="ক'ৰডাটা – assamais" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ক'ৰডাটা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE" title="कर्डेटा – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="कर्डेटा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xordal%C4%B1lar" title="Xordalılar – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xordalılar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="خوردالیلار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="خوردالیلار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хордалылар – bachkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Хордалылар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bachkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata – balinais" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuord%C4%97n%C4%93" title="Chuordėnē – samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Chuordėnē" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Хордавыя – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хордавыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Хордавыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хордавыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Хордови – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хордови" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="कार्डेट – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कार्डेट" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE" title="কর্ডাটা – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কর্ডাটা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%92%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B" title="སྒལ་ཐག་སྲོག་ཆགས་ – tibétain" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སྒལ་ཐག་སྲོག་ཆགས་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibétain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kordeg" title="Kordeg – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kordeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hordati" title="Hordati – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hordati" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D0%B1%D1%88%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Хүбшэтэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хүбшэтэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordats" title="Cordats – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cordats" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9k-s%C3%B3%CC%A4h_d%C3%B4ng-%C5%ADk" title="Cék-só̤h dông-ŭk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cék-só̤h dông-ŭk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maybukobuko" title="Maybukobuko – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Maybukobuko" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مازەداران – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مازەداران" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strunatci" title="Strunatci – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Strunatci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%B3%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Хирлӳлли – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хирлӳлли" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordog" title="Cordog – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cordog" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordater" title="Chordater – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Chordater" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordatiere" title="Chordatiere – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chordatiere" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B4%CF%89%CF%84%CE%AC" title="Χορδωτά – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χορδωτά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chordate" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A4orduloj" title="Ĥorduloj – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĥorduloj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keelikloomad" title="Keelikloomad – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Keelikloomad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kordatu" title="Kordatu – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kordatu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata – estrémègne" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estrémègne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="طنابداران – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="طنابداران" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selk%C3%A4j%C3%A4nteiset" title="Selkäjänteiset – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Selkäjänteiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata – féroïen" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="féroïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cord%C3%A2s" title="Cordâs – francoprovençal" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Cordâs" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovençal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragstringdiarten" title="Ragstringdiarten – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ragstringdiarten" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%AAchstringdieren" title="Rêchstringdieren – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Rêchstringdieren" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordados" title="Cordados – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cordados" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mymba_s%C3%A3_atukup%C3%A9pe" title="Mymba sã atukupépe – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mymba sã atukupépe" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata – mannois" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chit-sok_thung-vu%CC%8Dt" title="Chit-sok thung-vu̍t – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chit-sok thung-vu̍t" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מיתרניים – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מיתרניים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="रज्जुकी – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रज्जुकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata – hindi fidjien" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi fidjien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svitkovci" title="Svitkovci – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Svitkovci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B2de" title="Kòde – créole haïtien" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kòde" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="créole haïtien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerinch%C3%BArosok" title="Gerinchúrosok – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gerinchúrosok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Քորդավորներ – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քորդավորներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordato" title="Chordato – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Chordato" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Хорда – ingouche" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Хорда" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingouche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seild%C3%BDr" title="Seildýr – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Seildýr" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E7%B4%A2%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="脊索動物 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="脊索動物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/skoselti%27e" title="skoselti'e – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="skoselti'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ქორდიანები – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქორდიანები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timzikrin" title="Timzikrin – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Timzikrin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хордалылар – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хордалылар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕಾರ್ಡೇಟ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾರ್ಡೇಟ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%99%EC%82%AD%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC" title="척삭동물 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="척삭동물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%81%C3%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8D%D0%B7" title="Мышксöнаэз – komi-permiak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Мышксöнаэз" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%BBnpi%C5%9Ftdar_(fil%C3%BBm)" title="Stûnpiştdar (filûm) – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Stûnpiştdar (filûm)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata – cornique" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83" title="Хордалуу – kirghize" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Хордалуу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghize" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordad%C3%A9ieren" title="Chordadéieren – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Chordadéieren" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordato" title="Cordato – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cordato" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordabieste" title="Chordabieste – limbourgeois" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Chordabieste" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata – ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordiniai" title="Chordiniai – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Chordiniai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hordai%C5%86i" title="Hordaiņi – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hordaiņi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Хордови – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хордови" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1" title="കോർഡേറ്റ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കോർഡേറ്റ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%A9%D0%B2%D1%87%D1%82%D3%A9%D0%BD" title="Хөвчтөн – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хөвчтөн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯥꯇꯥ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯥꯇꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="कणाधारी प्राणी – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कणाधारी प्राणी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kordat" title="Kordat – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kordat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata – maltais" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="ကော်ဒိတ် – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကော်ဒိတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="رسن‌دارون – mazandérani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="رسن‌دارون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandérani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruggensnarendeerter" title="Ruggensnarendeerter – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ruggensnarendeerter" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordadieren" title="Chordadieren – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chordadieren" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryggstrengdyr" title="Ryggstrengdyr – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ryggstrengdyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryggstrengdyr" title="Ryggstrengdyr – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ryggstrengdyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%AD%C3%ADgh%C4%85%CC%81%C4%85%CC%81sts%CA%BC%C7%AB%C7%ABd_Dah%C3%B3l%C3%B3n%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Bííghą́ą́stsʼǫǫd Dahólónígíí – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Bííghą́ą́stsʼǫǫd Dahólónígíí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tushaaleeyyii" title="Tushaaleeyyii – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Tushaaleeyyii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%C3%A6%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Хордæджынтæ – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хордæджынтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਤੰਦਧਾਰੀ – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤੰਦਧਾਰੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata – picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strunowce" title="Strunowce – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Strunowce" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata – piémontais" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piémontais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%B9" title="کورڈیٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کورڈیٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordados" title="Cordados – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cordados" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasa_tiwlliyuq" title="Wasa tiwlliyuq – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wasa tiwlliyuq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordate" title="Cordate – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cordate" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Хордовые – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хордовые" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Хордовы – ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Хордовы" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хордалыктар – iakoute" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Хордалыктар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iakoute" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate – écossais" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Chordate" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%8A%D9%8A%D9%BD%D8%A7" title="ڪورڊيٽا – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪورڊيٽا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svitkovci" title="Svitkovci – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Svitkovci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9A" title="සරජ්ජුක – cingalais" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සරජ්ජුක" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chordate" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chord%C3%A1ty" title="Chordáty – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chordáty" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strunarji" title="Strunarji – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Strunarji" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savosuon%C3%A2siih" title="Savosuonâsiih – same d’Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Savosuonâsiih" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="same d’Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ordat%C3%ABt" title="Çordatët – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Çordatët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Хордати – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хордати" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata – soundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="soundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryggstr%C3%A4ngsdjur" title="Ryggsträngsdjur – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ryggsträngsdjur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodata" title="Kodata – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kodata" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF" title="முதுகுநாணி – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முதுகுநாணி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE" title="కార్డేటా – télougou" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కార్డేటా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="télougou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Танобдорон – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Танобдорон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87" title="สัตว์มีแกนสันหลัง – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สัตว์มีแกนสันหลัง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monumanu_filo_siliva" title="Monumanu filo siliva – tongien" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Monumanu filo siliva" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kordal%C4%B1lar" title="Kordalılar – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kordalılar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хордалылар – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Хордалылар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Хордові – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хордові" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="حبلیات – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حبلیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xordalilar" title="Xordalilar – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xordalilar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_v%E1%BA%ADt_c%C3%B3_d%C3%A2y_s%E1%BB%91ng" title="Động vật có dây sống – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Động vật có dây sống" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordab%C3%AAestn" title="Chordabêestn – flamand occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Chordabêestn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamand occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E7%B4%A2%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="脊索动物 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="脊索动物" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ქორდიანეფი – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ქორდიანეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%90%D7%98%D7%9F" title="כארדאטן – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="כארדאטן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doenghduz_ndoencag" title="Doenghduz ndoencag – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Doenghduz ndoencag" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordabe%C3%AAsten" title="Chordabeêsten – zélandais" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Chordabeêsten" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zélandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E7%B4%A2%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="脊索动物 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="脊索动物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chek-soh_t%C5%8Dng-bu%CC%8Dt" title="Chek-soh tōng-bu̍t – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chek-soh tōng-bu̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E7%B4%A2%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="脊索動物 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="脊索動物" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10915#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Chordata" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:Chordata" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichages"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Chordata"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chordata&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chordata&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chordata&action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Chordata"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chordata&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chordata&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chordata&action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Chordata" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Chordata" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales" title="Liste de toutes les pages spéciales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pages spéciales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chordata&oldid=219633178" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chordata&action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&page=Chordata&id=219633178&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FChordata"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FChordata"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Chordata"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Chordata&action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chordata&printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chordata" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Chordata" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10915" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><p id="sous_titre_h1" class="noexcerpt">Chordés</p> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Confusion_colour.svg/20px-Confusion_colour.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Confusion_colour.svg/30px-Confusion_colour.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Confusion_colour.svg/40px-Confusion_colour.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Ne doit pas être confondu avec <a href="/wiki/Cordata" class="mw-disambig" title="Cordata">Cordata</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Confusion_colour.svg/20px-Confusion_colour.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Confusion_colour.svg/30px-Confusion_colour.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Confusion_colour.svg/40px-Confusion_colour.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>«  Chordé » redirige ici. Ne pas confondre avec <a href="/wiki/Cord%C3%A9e" class="mw-disambig" title="Cordée">Cordée</a>. </p> </div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r204255952">.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3{font-size:0.99em}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3 .entete,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3 caption,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3 p.bloc{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3 th{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.bordered th[scope=row],.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.bordered td{padding-bottom:4px;border-top:1px solid #ededed}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.animal .entete{background-color:LightSalmon}.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.animal caption,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.animal p.bloc{background-color:Bisque}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.plante .entete{background-color:lightgreen}.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.plante caption,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.plante p.bloc{background-color:#ccffcc}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.champignon 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.taxobox_classification .normal,.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3 th[scope="row"]{font-style:normal}</style><div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive large taxobox_v3 zoologie animal bordered" style="width:20em"> <div class="entete" style=""> <div>Chordata</div> </div><div class="images"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Chordata_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Chordata_2.jpg/240px-Chordata_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Chordata_2.jpg/360px-Chordata_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Chordata_2.jpg/480px-Chordata_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1180" /></a></span> </div> <div class="legend">Exemple de chordés de quatre sous-embranchements de rang inférieur (de g. à d. & de h. en b.) : en 1 et 2 deux <a href="/wiki/Olfactores" title="Olfactores">Olfactores</a>, soit <br />1-<a href="/wiki/Tigre_de_Sib%C3%A9rie" title="Tigre de Sibérie">Tigre de Sibérie</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vertebrata" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebrata">Vertebrata</a>) <br />et 2-<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polycarpa_aurata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polycarpa aurata (page inexistante)">Polycarpa aurata</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Tunicata" title="Tunicata">Tunicata</a>). <br />Puis 3-<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ooedigera_peeli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ooedigera peeli (page inexistante)">Ooedigera peeli</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Vetulicolia" title="Vetulicolia">Vetulicolia</a>) <br />et 4-<a href="/wiki/Lancelet" class="mw-redirect" title="Lancelet">Lancelet</a> ou <a href="/wiki/Amphioxus" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphioxus">Amphioxus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cephalochordata" title="Cephalochordata">Cephalochordata</a>).</div><table class="taxobox_classification"><caption style=""><a href="#ITIS">Classification ITIS</a></caption><tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A8gne_(biologie)" title="Règne (biologie)">Règne</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Sous-r%C3%A8gne" title="Sous-règne">Sous-règne</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria">Bilateria</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Infra-r%C3%A8gne" title="Infra-règne">Infra-règne</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Deuterostomia" title="Deuterostomia">Deuterostomia</a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p class="bloc"><a href="/wiki/Embranchement_(biologie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Embranchement (biologie)">Embranchement</a></p><div class="center taxobox_classification"><b><span class="normal"><span style="font-style: normal">Chordata</span></span></b><br /><span class="rnormal"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Haeckel" title="Ernst Haeckel">Haeckel</a>, <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a></b></small></span></div> <p class="bloc"><a href="/wiki/Sous-embranchement" title="Sous-embranchement">Sous-embranchements</a> de rang inférieur</p> <div class="left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cephalochordata" title="Cephalochordata">Cephalochordata</a></li> <li>clade <a href="/wiki/Olfactores" title="Olfactores">Olfactores</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urochordata" class="mw-redirect" title="Urochordata">Urochordata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertebrata" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebrata">Vertebrata</a></li></ul></li> <li>† <a href="/wiki/Vetulicolia" title="Vetulicolia">Vetulicolia</a><sup id="cite_ref-Paterson2014_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson2014-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div> </div> <p>Les <b>chordés</b> ou <b>cordés</b> (<b>Chordata</b>) forment un <a href="/wiki/Embranchement_(biologie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Embranchement (biologie)">embranchement</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animaux</a> du <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clade</a> des <a href="/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria">bilatériens</a> et appartenant au <a href="/wiki/Super-embranchement" title="Super-embranchement">super-embranchement</a> des <a href="/wiki/Deuterostomia" title="Deuterostomia">deutérostomiens</a>. Leur nom provient de la <a href="/wiki/Chorde" title="Chorde">notochorde</a>, une lamelle <a href="/wiki/Cartilage" title="Cartilage">cartilagineuse</a> située sur le côté dorsal de l'animal, forme la plus élémentaire d'un <a href="/wiki/Endosquelette" title="Endosquelette">endosquelette</a> (squelette interne). Quatre sous-embranchements sont réunis dans ce groupe : les <a href="/wiki/Cephalochordata" title="Cephalochordata">Cephalochordata</a>, les <a href="/wiki/Vetulicolia" title="Vetulicolia">Vetulicolia</a><sup id="cite_ref-Paterson2014_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson2014-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> (aujourd'hui <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%A8ce_%C3%A9teinte" class="mw-redirect" title="Espèce éteinte">éteints</a>), les <a href="/wiki/Tunicata" title="Tunicata">Tunicata</a> et les <a href="/wiki/Vertebrata" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebrata">Vertebrata</a> (ces deux derniers groupes sont réunis sous le clade des <a href="/wiki/Olfactores" title="Olfactores">Olfactores</a>). Ils constituent un des embranchements les plus <a href="/wiki/Radiation_%C3%A9volutive" title="Radiation évolutive">diversifiés</a> du <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A8gne_animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Règne animal">règne animal</a> avec plus de 65 000 espèces<sup id="cite_ref-Pandey1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pandey1-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, après les <a href="/wiki/Arthropode" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthropode">arthropodes</a>, ces derniers regroupant, avec près d'1,5 million d'espèces recensées, plus de 80 % des espèces connues<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traits">Traits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chordata&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Traits" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chordata&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Traits"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les Chordés, dont le terme est attribué<sup id="cite_ref-Pandey1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pandey1-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> au <a href="/wiki/Biologiste" title="Biologiste">biologiste</a> <a href="/wiki/Grande-Bretagne" title="Grande-Bretagne">britannique</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Bateson" title="William Bateson">William Bateson</a> en 1885<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, partagent plusieurs points communs à un moment de leur <a href="/wiki/Cycle_de_vie_(biologie)" title="Cycle de vie (biologie)">cycle de vie</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notochorde">Notochorde</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chordata&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Notochorde" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chordata&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notochorde"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Leur nom provient de la <a href="/wiki/Notochorde" class="mw-redirect" title="Notochorde">notochorde</a>, une lamelle cartilagineuse d'origine <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9soderme" title="Mésoderme">mésodermique</a> située du côté dorsal de l'animal, mais ventrale par rapport au tube nerveux. Elle joue un rôle crucial lors de l'<a href="/wiki/Embryogen%C3%A8se" title="Embryogenèse">embryogenèse</a> et a en outre un rôle de soutien et de protection du tube nerveux chez les Chordés primitifs. Chez les Vertébrés, qui constituent un sous-embranchement des Chordés, la notochorde régresse généralement à l'âge adulte pour être remplacée par la <a href="/wiki/Colonne_vert%C3%A9brale" title="Colonne vertébrale">colonne vertébrale</a>. Elle persiste cependant et s'élargit dans la région des <a href="/wiki/Disques_intervert%C3%A9braux" class="mw-redirect" title="Disques intervertébraux">disques intervertébraux</a> où elle forme le <a href="/wiki/Nucleus_pulposus" class="mw-redirect" title="Nucleus pulposus">nucleus pulposus</a> (noyau pulpeux, sorte de masse gélatineuse entre un anneau fibreux et deux plaques cartilagineuses) au centre des disques<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La notochorde est la structure de soutien interne primitive. C'est la forme la plus élémentaire d'un <a href="/wiki/Endosquelette" title="Endosquelette">endosquelette</a> (squelette interne) alors que l'<a href="/wiki/Exosquelette" title="Exosquelette">exosquelette</a> (squelette externe) est une structure typique chez de nombreux invertébrés (<a href="/wiki/Insecte" title="Insecte">insectes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crustac%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Crustacé">crustacés</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mollusca" title="Mollusca">mollusques</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Les squelettes interne et externe permettent de former un appareil de soutien mais ont également pour fonction d'assurer une protection mécanique et de servir de point d'insertion aux muscles qui constituent les moteurs du mouvement (le squelette étant un dispositif de transmission des forces, semblable à un levier)<sup id="cite_ref-Pirlot_p130_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pirlot_p130-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'endosquelette possède certains avantages : il est plus mobile que l'exosquelette, permet une croissance continue, et a la force de supporter une plus grande taille et des mouvements puissants. Mais, s'il protège des organes internes, il n'offre pas la protection mécanique de l'exosquelette, notamment contre les <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9dation" title="Prédation">prédateurs</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La présence d'un exosquelette protège efficacement de la <a href="/wiki/Dessiccation" title="Dessiccation">dessiccation</a>, ce qui est l'un des facteurs qui ont permis la réussite de la <a href="/wiki/Sortie_des_eaux" title="Sortie des eaux">colonisation du milieu terrestre</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Mais l'exosquelette a aussi des inconvénients. Avec l'augmentation de taille, il doit devenir de plus en plus épais, de manière disproportionnée pour supporter la traction des muscles. Le confinement des muscles dans un exosquelette, les empêche de s'accroître avec leur utilisation<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Cependant, l'exosquelette reste présent chez plusieurs Chordés : les <a href="/wiki/Agnatha" title="Agnatha">agnathes</a> <a href="/wiki/Ostracodermi" title="Ostracodermi">ostracodermes</a> ont un corps recouvert d'une « armure » osseuse les protégeant des prédateurs. Chez les Vertébrés actuels, il n'est plus représenté que par les écailles qui recouvrent la peau des <a href="/wiki/Poisson" title="Poisson">poissons</a> et par des os dermiques qui participent à la <a href="/wiki/Ceinture_pectorale" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceinture pectorale">ceinture pectorale</a> des <a href="/wiki/Gnathostome" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnathostome">Gnathostomes</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. De plus, les grands os de la <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A2ne" title="Crâne">boîte crânienne</a> d'un mammifère peuvent être placés très près de la surface, si bien que <span class="citation">« la subdivision en exosquelette et endosquelette est largement conventionnelle<sup id="cite_ref-Pirlot_p130_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pirlot_p130-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> »</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Système_nerveux"><span id="Syst.C3.A8me_nerveux"></span>Système nerveux</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chordata&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Système nerveux" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chordata&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Système nerveux"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Leur système nerveux, en forme de tube, est situé au-dessus y compris chez l'embryon humain, on dit que les Chordés sont <a href="/wiki/%C3%89pineuriens" class="mw-redirect" title="Épineuriens">épineuriens</a>, au contraire des <a href="/wiki/Protostomiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Protostomiens">protostomiens</a> (qui sont dits hyponeuriens). Le tube nerveux se met en place par <a href="/wiki/Neurulation" title="Neurulation">neurulation</a>, c'est-à-dire par invagination d'une zone particulière de l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89piblaste" title="Épiblaste">épiblaste</a> dorsal<sup id="cite_ref-betc_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-betc-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pharynx_fenestré"><span id="Pharynx_fenestr.C3.A9"></span>Pharynx fenestré</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chordata&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Pharynx fenestré" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chordata&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Pharynx fenestré"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les Chordés sont également caractérisés par un <a href="/wiki/Pharynx" title="Pharynx">pharynx</a> (partie antérieure du tube digestif), percé de fentes branchiales au moins à l'état embryonnaire et qui a un rôle respiratoire quand ces fentes persistent à l'âge adulte : ce sont des <a href="/wiki/Pharyngotr%C3%A8mes" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharyngotrèmes">Pharyngotrèmes</a>. </p><p>Ce caractère est en réalité une <a href="/wiki/Synapomorphie" title="Synapomorphie">synapomorphie</a> des <a href="/wiki/Deut%C3%A9rostomien" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutérostomien">deutérostomiens</a> et a ensuite été perdu chez les <a href="/wiki/%C3%89chinoderme" class="mw-redirect" title="Échinoderme">échinodermes</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appareil_circulatoire">Appareil circulatoire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chordata&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Appareil circulatoire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chordata&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Appareil circulatoire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les organes sont approvisionnés en dioxygène par un système circulatoire clos, où la circulation sanguine est activée par un <a href="/wiki/C%C5%93ur" title="Cœur">cœur</a> composé de plusieurs cavités (de 2 à 4 pour les <a href="/wiki/Mammif%C3%A8res" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammifères">mammifères</a>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:BranchiostomaLanceolatum_PioM.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/BranchiostomaLanceolatum_PioM.svg/550px-BranchiostomaLanceolatum_PioM.svg.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/BranchiostomaLanceolatum_PioM.svg/825px-BranchiostomaLanceolatum_PioM.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/BranchiostomaLanceolatum_PioM.svg/1100px-BranchiostomaLanceolatum_PioM.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2165" data-file-height="704" /></a><figcaption>Structure d'un chordé : la <a href="/wiki/Lancelet" class="mw-redirect" title="Lancelet">lancelet</a> ou amphioxus : <table> <tbody><tr> <td width="50%" align="left" valign="top"> 1. Renflement du tube nerveux (on ne peut pas parler de véritable encéphale)<br /> 2. Notochorde<br /> 3. Tube nerveux (dorsal)<br /> 4. Nageoire caudale (ou queue post-anale)<br /> 5. Anus<br /> 6. Tube digestif<br /> 7. Système circulatoire<br /> 8. Pore atrial<br /> 9. Cavité péripharyngienne<br /> 10. Fentes pharyngiennes<br /> </td> <td width="50%" align="left" valign="top"> 11. Pharynx<br /> 12. Organe rotateur (vélum non représenté)<br /> 13. Cirres (rôle sensoriel)<br /> 14. Cavité buccale<br /> 15. Gonades (l'Amphioxus est <a href="/wiki/Gonochorique" class="mw-redirect" title="Gonochorique">gonochorique</a>, donc on a ici soit une paire d'<a href="/wiki/Ovaire_(anatomie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovaire (anatomie)">ovaires</a>, soit de <a href="/wiki/Testicule" title="Testicule">testicules</a>)<br /> 16. <a href="/wiki/Photor%C3%A9cepteur_(biologie)" title="Photorécepteur (biologie)">Photorécepteurs</a><br /> 17. Nerf<br /> 18. Repli tégumentaire formant une 'nageoire' continue<br /> 19. Cæcum hépatique<br /> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td></tr></tbody></table></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Histoire_évolutive"><span id="Histoire_.C3.A9volutive"></span>Histoire évolutive</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chordata&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Histoire évolutive" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chordata&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Histoire évolutive"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Phylogenetic_tree_of_chordates.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Phylogenetic_tree_of_chordates.png/220px-Phylogenetic_tree_of_chordates.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Phylogenetic_tree_of_chordates.png/330px-Phylogenetic_tree_of_chordates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Phylogenetic_tree_of_chordates.png/440px-Phylogenetic_tree_of_chordates.png 2x" data-file-width="1508" data-file-height="721" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arbre_phylog%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique" title="Arbre phylogénétique">Arbre phylogénétique</a> simplifié des chordés.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:SchemaSortieDesEauxEvolution.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/SchemaSortieDesEauxEvolution.svg/350px-SchemaSortieDesEauxEvolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/SchemaSortieDesEauxEvolution.svg/525px-SchemaSortieDesEauxEvolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/SchemaSortieDesEauxEvolution.svg/700px-SchemaSortieDesEauxEvolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="269" /></a><figcaption>Au cours de la <a href="/wiki/Sortie_des_eaux" title="Sortie des eaux">terrestrialisation des tétrapodes</a> qui voit les <a href="/wiki/Sarcopterygii" title="Sarcopterygii">sarcoptérygiens</a> donner naissance aux vertébrés terrestres à <a href="/wiki/Quadrup%C3%A9die" title="Quadrupédie">quatre pattes</a>, les <a href="/wiki/Nageoire_pectorale" title="Nageoire pectorale">nageoires pectorales</a> se transforment progressivement en <a href="/wiki/Membre_chiridien" title="Membre chiridien">membres antérieurs</a> de sustentation (notamment par torsion squelettique axiale) tandis que les <a href="/wiki/Nageoire_pelvienne" title="Nageoire pelvienne">nageoires pelviennes</a> se transforment en <a href="/wiki/Membre_chiridien" title="Membre chiridien">membres postérieurs</a> de propulsion. Cette transition nageoire-patte s’est accompagnée de nombreuses modifications anatomiques.</figcaption></figure> <p>Cet embranchement a connu une très importante <a href="/wiki/Radiation_%C3%A9volutive" title="Radiation évolutive">diversification</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> depuis son apparition au <a href="/wiki/Cambrien" title="Cambrien">cambrien</a> (vers 500 <abbr class="abbr" title="million d'années"><a href="/wiki/Million_d%27ann%C3%A9es" title="Million d'années">Ma</a></abbr>, présumé présent dans la <a href="/wiki/Faune_de_Burgess" title="Faune de Burgess">faune de Burgess</a> avec le genre <i><a href="/wiki/Pikaia" title="Pikaia">Pikaia</a></i>) : alors que les <a href="/wiki/Cephalochordata" title="Cephalochordata">céphalochordés</a> et les <a href="/wiki/Urochordata" class="mw-redirect" title="Urochordata">urochordés</a> sont restés peu diversifiés et exclusivement marins, les <a href="/wiki/Vert%C3%A9br%C3%A9s" title="Vertébrés">Vertébrés</a> ont eu une évolution fulgurante et ont conquis tous les milieux de la planète, avec leurs premiers pas sur Terre au <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9vonien" title="Dévonien">Dévonien</a> supérieur (il y a environ 370 <abbr class="abbr" title="million d'années">Ma</abbr>). Aujourd’hui, avec les <a href="/wiki/Baleine" title="Baleine">baleines</a>, ils comprennent les animaux les plus grands que la Terre ait jamais portés. </p><p>Chez les chordés primitifs du silurien et du dévonien, apparaissent progressivement : </p> <ul><li>chez les céphalochordés, un repli tégumentaire formant une 'nageoire' continue</li> <li>chez les vertébrés fondamentalement et originellement aquatiques, des replis cutanés latéraux. Certains sont des ébauches de nageoires impaires (nageoire dorsale, nageoire anale et nageoire caudale), d'autres de nageoires paires (nageoires pectorales et pelviennes), antérieures et postérieures, structures adaptées à la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Locomotion_aquatique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Locomotion aquatique (page inexistante)">nage</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquatic_locomotion" class="extiw" title="en:Aquatic locomotion"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Aquatic locomotion »">(en)</span></a> assurant généralement la manœuvrabilité, la stabilité et la propulsion<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Dès le silurien s'individualisent parmi ces vertébrés des <a href="/wiki/Osteichthyes" title="Osteichthyes">poissons osseux</a> (ostéichthyens) qui se subdivisent en deux lignées évolutives, selon la constitution de leurs nageoires : les <a href="/wiki/Actinopterygii" title="Actinopterygii">actinoptérygiens</a> (poissons osseux à « nageoires rayonnées ») et les <a href="/wiki/Sarcopterygii" title="Sarcopterygii">sarcoptérygiens</a> (poissons osseux à « nageoires charnues »). Un puissant <a href="/wiki/Squelette_appendiculaire" title="Squelette appendiculaire">squelette appendiculaire</a> se développe au niveau des nageoires paires de ces derniers : une pièce proximale, proche de l'axe squelettique et venant s'articuler à la <a href="/wiki/Ceinture_scapulaire_(anatomie_humaine)" title="Ceinture scapulaire (anatomie humaine)">ceinture pectorale</a> et <a href="/wiki/Ceinture_pelvienne" title="Ceinture pelvienne">pelvienne</a> ; une pièce basale ; des rayons latéraux distaux<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liste_des_classes">Liste des classes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chordata&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Liste des classes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chordata&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liste des classes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Parmi les Chordés, on trouve : </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cephalochordata" title="Cephalochordata">Céphalochordés</a> (Amphioxus)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olfactoriens" class="mw-redirect" title="Olfactoriens">Olfactoriens</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urochordata" class="mw-redirect" title="Urochordata">Urochordés</a> ou tuniciers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A2ni%C3%A9s" class="mw-redirect" title="Crâniés">Crâniés</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myxines" class="mw-redirect" title="Myxines">Myxines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vert%C3%A9br%C3%A9s" title="Vertébrés">Vertébrés</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Les Urocordés et Céphalochordés sont également repris sous le terme Prochordés. Ce groupe est paraphylétique car exclut les Crâniés. En phylogénie, on regroupe plutôt les Urocordés et les Crâniés sous le taxon <a href="/wiki/Olfactores" title="Olfactores">Olfactores</a>. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/Classification_classique" title="Classification classique">classification classique</a>, les Chordés sont composés de : </p> <ul><li>sous-embranchement <a href="/wiki/Tunicata" title="Tunicata">Tunicata</a> <small>Lamarck, 1816</small> -- <a href="/wiki/Tunicier" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunicier">Tuniciers</a> <ul><li>classe <a href="/wiki/Appendicularia_(Chordata)" class="mw-redirect" title="Appendicularia (Chordata)">Appendicularia</a> -- <a href="/wiki/Tunicier" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunicier">Tuniciers</a> <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9lagique" class="mw-redirect" title="Pélagique">pélagiques</a></li> <li>classe <a href="/wiki/Ascidiacea" title="Ascidiacea">Ascidiacea</a> -- <a href="/wiki/Ascidiacea" title="Ascidiacea">Ascidies</a></li> <li>classe <a href="/wiki/Thaliacea" title="Thaliacea">Thaliacea</a> -- <a href="/wiki/Tunicier" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunicier">Tuniciers</a> <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9lagique" class="mw-redirect" title="Pélagique">pélagiques</a></li></ul></li> <li>sous-embranchement <a href="/wiki/Cephalochordata" title="Cephalochordata">Cephalochordata</a></li> <li>sous-embranchement <a href="/wiki/Vertebrata" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebrata">Vertebrata</a> <ul><li>super-classe <a href="/wiki/Agnatha" title="Agnatha">Agnatha</a> <ul><li>classe <a href="/wiki/Cephalaspidomorphi" title="Cephalaspidomorphi">Cephalaspidomorphi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lamproie" title="Lamproie">lamproie</a>)</li> <li>classe <a href="/wiki/Myxini" class="mw-redirect" title="Myxini">Myxini</a> (<a href="/wiki/Myxine" class="mw-redirect" title="Myxine">myxine</a>)</li> <li>classe <a href="/wiki/Pteraspidomorphi" title="Pteraspidomorphi">Pteraspidomorphi</a> (animaux fossiles)</li></ul></li> <li>infra-embranchement <a href="/wiki/Gnathostomata_(Vertebrata)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnathostomata (Vertebrata)">Gnathostomata</a> <ul><li>classe <a href="/wiki/Chondrichthyes" title="Chondrichthyes">Chondrichthyes</a> -- <a href="/wiki/Poisson_cartilagineux" class="mw-redirect" title="Poisson cartilagineux">Poisson cartilagineux</a></li> <li>super-classe <a href="/wiki/Osteichthyes" title="Osteichthyes">Osteichthyes</a> -- <a href="/wiki/Poisson_%C3%A0_squelette_osseux" class="mw-redirect" title="Poisson à squelette osseux">Poisson à squelette osseux</a> <ul><li>classe <a href="/wiki/Actinopterygii" title="Actinopterygii">Actinopterygii</a> -- <a href="/wiki/Poisson_%C3%A0_nageoires_rayonn%C3%A9es" class="mw-redirect" title="Poisson à nageoires rayonnées">Poisson à nageoires rayonnées</a></li> <li>classe <a href="/wiki/Sarcopterygii" title="Sarcopterygii">Sarcopterygii</a></li></ul></li> <li>super-classe <a href="/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda">Tetrapoda</a> -- <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9trapodes" class="mw-redirect" title="Tétrapodes">Tétrapodes</a> <ul><li>classe <a href="/wiki/Amphibia" title="Amphibia">Amphibia</a> <small>Linnaeus, 1758</small> -- <a href="/wiki/Amphibiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphibiens">Amphibiens</a></li> <li>classe <a href="/wiki/Reptilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Reptilia">Reptilia</a> <small>Laurenti, 1768</small> -- <a href="/wiki/Reptile" class="mw-redirect" title="Reptile">Reptiles</a></li> <li>classe <a href="/wiki/Aves" class="mw-redirect" title="Aves">Aves</a> -- <a href="/wiki/Oiseau" title="Oiseau">Oiseaux</a></li> <li>classe <a href="/wiki/Mammalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammalia">Mammalia</a> <small>Linnaeus, 1758</small> -- <a href="/wiki/Mammif%C3%A8res" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammifères">Mammifères</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="text-align:center;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 78.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 76.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Oikopleura_dioica.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Oikopleura dioica, un tunicier appendiculaire"><img alt="Oikopleura dioica, un tunicier appendiculaire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Oikopleura_dioica.jpg/115px-Oikopleura_dioica.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Oikopleura_dioica.jpg/172px-Oikopleura_dioica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Oikopleura_dioica.jpg/229px-Oikopleura_dioica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="627" data-file-height="983" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oikopleura_dioica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oikopleura dioica (page inexistante)">Oikopleura dioica</a></i>, un <a href="/wiki/Tunicier" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunicier">tunicier</a> <a href="/wiki/Appendicularia_(Chordata)" class="mw-redirect" title="Appendicularia (Chordata)">appendiculaire</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 163.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 161.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Pyrosoma_atlanticum.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pyrosoma atlanticum, un tunicier thaliacé."><img alt="Pyrosoma atlanticum, un tunicier thaliacé." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Pyrosoma_atlanticum.JPG/242px-Pyrosoma_atlanticum.JPG" decoding="async" width="162" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Pyrosoma_atlanticum.JPG/363px-Pyrosoma_atlanticum.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Pyrosoma_atlanticum.JPG/484px-Pyrosoma_atlanticum.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2418" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrosoma_atlanticum" title="Pyrosoma atlanticum">Pyrosoma atlanticum</a></i>, un <a href="/wiki/Tunicier" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunicier">tunicier</a> <a href="/wiki/Thaliacea" title="Thaliacea">thaliacé</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Sea_Squirts_(Polycarpa_aurata)_(8470388307).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plusieurs espèces d'ascidies (tuniciers) dont Polycarpa aurata."><img alt="Plusieurs espèces d'ascidies (tuniciers) dont Polycarpa aurata." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Sea_Squirts_%28Polycarpa_aurata%29_%288470388307%29.jpg/300px-Sea_Squirts_%28Polycarpa_aurata%29_%288470388307%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Sea_Squirts_%28Polycarpa_aurata%29_%288470388307%29.jpg/451px-Sea_Squirts_%28Polycarpa_aurata%29_%288470388307%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Sea_Squirts_%28Polycarpa_aurata%29_%288470388307%29.jpg/601px-Sea_Squirts_%28Polycarpa_aurata%29_%288470388307%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2486" data-file-height="1491" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Plusieurs espèces d'<a href="/wiki/Ascidie" class="mw-disambig" title="Ascidie">ascidies</a> (tuniciers) dont <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polycarpa_aurata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polycarpa aurata (page inexistante)">Polycarpa aurata</a></i>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:J%C3%B5esilmud2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lampetra fluviatilis, une lamproie"><img alt="Lampetra fluviatilis, une lamproie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/J%C3%B5esilmud2.jpg/270px-J%C3%B5esilmud2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/J%C3%B5esilmud2.jpg/406px-J%C3%B5esilmud2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/J%C3%B5esilmud2.jpg/541px-J%C3%B5esilmud2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4057" data-file-height="2703" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Lampetra_fluviatilis" class="mw-redirect" title="Lampetra fluviatilis">Lampetra fluviatilis</a></i>, une <a href="/wiki/Lamproie" title="Lamproie">lamproie</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Myxinidae.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Une myxine (de la famille des Myxinidae)"><img alt="Une myxine (de la famille des Myxinidae)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Myxinidae.jpg/240px-Myxinidae.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Myxinidae.jpg/360px-Myxinidae.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Myxinidae.jpg/480px-Myxinidae.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Une <a href="/wiki/Myxine" class="mw-redirect" title="Myxine">myxine</a> (de la famille des <a href="/wiki/Myxinidae" title="Myxinidae">Myxinidae</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Drepanaspis_sp._-_National_Museum_of_Nature_and_Science,_Tokyo_-_DSC07765.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Fossile de Drepanaspis, un Pteraspidomorphi"><img alt="Fossile de Drepanaspis, un Pteraspidomorphi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Drepanaspis_sp._-_National_Museum_of_Nature_and_Science%2C_Tokyo_-_DSC07765.JPG/271px-Drepanaspis_sp._-_National_Museum_of_Nature_and_Science%2C_Tokyo_-_DSC07765.JPG" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Drepanaspis_sp._-_National_Museum_of_Nature_and_Science%2C_Tokyo_-_DSC07765.JPG/407px-Drepanaspis_sp._-_National_Museum_of_Nature_and_Science%2C_Tokyo_-_DSC07765.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Drepanaspis_sp._-_National_Museum_of_Nature_and_Science%2C_Tokyo_-_DSC07765.JPG/543px-Drepanaspis_sp._-_National_Museum_of_Nature_and_Science%2C_Tokyo_-_DSC07765.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5001" data-file-height="3319" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fossile de <i><a href="/wiki/Drepanaspis" title="Drepanaspis">Drepanaspis</a></i>, un <a href="/wiki/Pteraspidomorphi" title="Pteraspidomorphi">Pteraspidomorphi</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Tibur%C3%B3n.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos, un chondrichthyen"><img alt="Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos, un chondrichthyen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Tibur%C3%B3n.jpg/180px-Tibur%C3%B3n.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Tibur%C3%B3n.jpg/270px-Tibur%C3%B3n.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Tibur%C3%B3n.jpg 2x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="303" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Carcharhinus_amblyrhynchos" class="mw-redirect" title="Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos">Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos</a></i>, un <a href="/wiki/Chondrichthyes" title="Chondrichthyes">chondrichthyen</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Chaetodon_xanthocephalus_nuit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chaetodon xanthocephalus, un actinopterygien"><img alt="Chaetodon xanthocephalus, un actinopterygien" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Chaetodon_xanthocephalus_nuit.jpg/240px-Chaetodon_xanthocephalus_nuit.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Chaetodon_xanthocephalus_nuit.jpg/360px-Chaetodon_xanthocephalus_nuit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Chaetodon_xanthocephalus_nuit.jpg/480px-Chaetodon_xanthocephalus_nuit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Chaetodon_xanthocephalus" title="Chaetodon xanthocephalus">Chaetodon xanthocephalus</a></i>, un <a href="/wiki/Actinopterygii" title="Actinopterygii">actinopterygien</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Coelacanth_off_Pumula_on_the_KwaZulu-Natal_South_Coast,_South_Africa,_on_22_November_2019.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Latimeria chalumnae, un sarcopterygien"><img alt="Latimeria chalumnae, un sarcopterygien" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Coelacanth_off_Pumula_on_the_KwaZulu-Natal_South_Coast%2C_South_Africa%2C_on_22_November_2019.png/300px-Coelacanth_off_Pumula_on_the_KwaZulu-Natal_South_Coast%2C_South_Africa%2C_on_22_November_2019.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Coelacanth_off_Pumula_on_the_KwaZulu-Natal_South_Coast%2C_South_Africa%2C_on_22_November_2019.png/450px-Coelacanth_off_Pumula_on_the_KwaZulu-Natal_South_Coast%2C_South_Africa%2C_on_22_November_2019.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Coelacanth_off_Pumula_on_the_KwaZulu-Natal_South_Coast%2C_South_Africa%2C_on_22_November_2019.png/600px-Coelacanth_off_Pumula_on_the_KwaZulu-Natal_South_Coast%2C_South_Africa%2C_on_22_November_2019.png 2x" data-file-width="963" data-file-height="578" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Latimeria_chalumnae" title="Latimeria chalumnae">Latimeria chalumnae</a></i>, un <a href="/wiki/Sarcopterygii" title="Sarcopterygii">sarcopterygien</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Red_eyed_tree_frog_edit2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Agalychnis callidryas, un amphibien"><img alt="Agalychnis callidryas, un amphibien" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Red_eyed_tree_frog_edit2.jpg/240px-Red_eyed_tree_frog_edit2.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Red_eyed_tree_frog_edit2.jpg/360px-Red_eyed_tree_frog_edit2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Red_eyed_tree_frog_edit2.jpg/480px-Red_eyed_tree_frog_edit2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2293" data-file-height="1720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Agalychnis_callidryas" class="mw-redirect" title="Agalychnis callidryas">Agalychnis callidryas</a></i>, un <a href="/wiki/Amphibia" title="Amphibia">amphibien</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Marine-Iguana-Espanola.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amblyrhynchus cristatus, un reptile"><img alt="Amblyrhynchus cristatus, un reptile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Marine-Iguana-Espanola.jpg/270px-Marine-Iguana-Espanola.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Marine-Iguana-Espanola.jpg/405px-Marine-Iguana-Espanola.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Marine-Iguana-Espanola.jpg/540px-Marine-Iguana-Espanola.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Amblyrhynchus_cristatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Amblyrhynchus cristatus">Amblyrhynchus cristatus</a></i>, un <a href="/wiki/Reptile" class="mw-redirect" title="Reptile">reptile</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 192px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Cigana_(Opisthocomus_hoazin).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Opisthocomus hoazin, un oiseau"><img alt="Opisthocomus hoazin, un oiseau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Cigana_%28Opisthocomus_hoazin%29.jpg/285px-Cigana_%28Opisthocomus_hoazin%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Cigana_%28Opisthocomus_hoazin%29.jpg/427px-Cigana_%28Opisthocomus_hoazin%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Cigana_%28Opisthocomus_hoazin%29.jpg/569px-Cigana_%28Opisthocomus_hoazin%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2918" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Opisthocomus_hoazin" class="mw-redirect" title="Opisthocomus hoazin">Opisthocomus hoazin</a></i>, un <a href="/wiki/Oiseau" title="Oiseau">oiseau</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 103.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 101.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Michel_Catty.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Homo sapiens, un mammifère"><img alt="Homo sapiens, un mammifère" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Michel_Catty.jpg/152px-Michel_Catty.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Michel_Catty.jpg/229px-Michel_Catty.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Michel_Catty.jpg/305px-Michel_Catty.jpg 2x" data-file-width="349" data-file-height="412" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens">Homo sapiens</a></i>, un <a href="/wiki/Mammif%C3%A8re" title="Mammifère">mammifère</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both; margin-bottom:1em; border-style:solid; background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center; min-height:1.6em; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);">Place des Chordés parmi les animaux</div> <div class="NavContent" style="margin:0; color:var(--color-base, #202122); display:block; text-align:left;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="wikitable centre"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="18">EXPLOSION RADIATIVE DES <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">ANIMAUX</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="border-bottom:0"> <p><a href="/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota">EUKARYOTES</a><br />  └─o <b><a href="/wiki/Metazoa" title="Metazoa">ANIMAUX</a></b> : </p> </td> <td><small><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9t%C3%A9rotrophie" title="Hétérotrophie">se nourrissent<br />d'organismes dont<br />ils sont dissociés</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top:0;border-bottom:0">  </td> <td colspan="16" bgcolor="#eeeeee" style="border-bottom:0"> <p> ├─o <a href="/wiki/Porifera" title="Porifera">Éponges</a><br />  ├─o <a href="/wiki/Eumetazoa" title="Eumetazoa">Eumetazoaires</a><br />  ├───o <a href="/wiki/Radiata" title="Radiata">Radiaires</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ctenophora" title="Ctenophora">Cténaires</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cnidaria" title="Cnidaria">Cnidaires</a>)<br />  └───o <a href="/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria">BILATÉRIENS</a> : </p> </td> <td><br /><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Hydre_(zoologie)" title="Hydre (zoologie)">hydres</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9duse_(animal)" title="Méduse (animal)">méduses</a><br />symétrie bilatérale</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top:0;border-bottom:0">  </td> <td rowspan="21" bgcolor="#eeeeee" style="border-top:0">  </td> <td colspan="8" align="center" bgcolor="#ffddcc"><a href="/wiki/Protostomia" title="Protostomia">PROTOSTOMIENS</a> </td> <td colspan="8" align="center" bgcolor="#ccddff"><a href="/wiki/Deuterostomia" title="Deuterostomia">DEUTÉROSTOMIENS</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top:0;border-bottom:0">  </td> <td colspan="8" bgcolor="#ffddbb" style="border-bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Lophotrochozoa" title="Lophotrochozoa">LOPHOTROCHOZOAIRES</a> : </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="7" bgcolor="#eedddd" style="border-bottom:0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Echinodermata" title="Echinodermata">Échinodermes</a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">CHORDÉS</a></b> :</li></ul> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <br /><small><a href="/wiki/Chorde" title="Chorde">notochorde</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top:0;border-bottom:0">  </td> <td rowspan="6" align="center" bgcolor="#ffddbb" style="border-top:0">  </td> <td rowspan="3" colspan="6" bgcolor="#ffddaa" style="border-bottom:0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plathelminthes" title="Plathelminthes">Plathelminthes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annelida" title="Annelida">Annélides</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mollusca" title="Mollusca">MOLLUSQUES</a></b> :</li></ul> </td> <td rowspan="3"><small>vers plats</small><br /><small>vers à anneaux</small><br />  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top:0;border-bottom:0">  </td> <td rowspan="18" bgcolor="#eedddd" style="border-top:0">  </td> <td rowspan="5" colspan="6" bgcolor="#e2e2e4" style="border-bottom:0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cephalochordata" title="Cephalochordata">Céphalochordés</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Olfactores" title="Olfactores">Olfactoriens</a></i> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tunicata" title="Tunicata">Tuniciers</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vert%C3%A9br%C3%A9s" title="Vertébrés">Vertébrés</a></i> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myxinidae" title="Myxinidae">Myxines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnatha" title="Agnatha">Lamproies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chondrichthyes" title="Chondrichthyes">Poissons cartilagineux</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Actinopterygii" title="Actinopterygii">POISSONS typiques</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcopterygii" title="Sarcopterygii">Sarcoptérygiens</a> :</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td rowspan="5"><small><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A2ne" title="Crâne">crâne</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Squelette" title="Squelette">squelette</a><br /><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A2choire" title="Mâchoire">mâchoires</a><br />squel. osseux<br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mail_dentaire" title="Émail dentaire">émail</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top:0;border-bottom:0">  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top:0;border-bottom:0">  </td> <td rowspan="3" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffddaf" style="border-top:0">  </td> <td rowspan="3" colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffcf9a"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bivalvia" title="Bivalvia">Bivalves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastropoda" title="Gastropoda">Gastéropodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9phalopode" title="Céphalopode">Céphalopodes</a></li></ul> </td> <td rowspan="3"><small>double coquille<br />reptation<br />crâne, bec corné</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top:0;border-bottom:0">  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top:0;border-bottom:0">  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top:0;border-bottom:0">  </td> <td colspan="7" bgcolor="#f6d4b6" style="border-bottom:0;border-right:0"><a href="/wiki/Ecdysozoa" title="Ecdysozoa">ECDYSOZOAIRES</a> : </td> <td bgcolor="#f6d4b6" style="border-right:0"><small><a href="/wiki/Mue_des_arthropodes" title="Mue des arthropodes">mues</a> <a href="/wiki/Cuticule_(zoologie)" title="Cuticule (zoologie)">cuticulaires</a></small> </td> <td rowspan="13" bgcolor="#e2e2e4" style="border-top:0">  </td> <td rowspan="4" colspan="5" bgcolor="#ccccee" style="border-bottom:0"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda">TÉTRAPODES</a></b> : </p> <div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both; margin-bottom:0; border-style:solid; background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center; min-height:1.6em; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);"><a href="/wiki/Amphibia" title="Amphibia">AMPHIBIENS</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="margin:0; color:var(--color-base, #202122); display:block; text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gymnophiona" title="Gymnophiona">Gymnophiones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caudata" title="Caudata">Urodèles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anoures" title="Anoures">Anoures</a></li></ul></div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amniota" title="Amniota">AMNIOTES</a> :</li></ul> </td> <td rowspan="4"><small>pattes et<br />doigts<br /><br /><a href="/wiki/Poche_des_eaux" title="Poche des eaux">sac amniotique</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top:0;border-bottom:0">  </td> <td rowspan="12" bgcolor="#f6d4b6" style="border-top:0"> </td> <td rowspan="3" colspan="6" bgcolor="#eeccaf" style="border-bottom:0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nematoda" title="Nematoda">Nématodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tardigrada" title="Tardigrada">Tardigrades</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arthropodes" title="Arthropodes">ARTHROPODES</a></b> :</li></ul> </td> <td rowspan="3"> <br /> <br /><small><a href="/wiki/Carapace" title="Carapace">carapace</a> externe</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top:0;border-bottom:0">  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top:0;border-bottom:0">  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top:0;border-bottom:0">  </td> <td rowspan="9" bgcolor="#eeccaa" style="border-top:0">  </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="5" bgcolor="#eebf9d" style="border-bottom:0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trilobita" title="Trilobita">Trilobites</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Extinction_des_esp%C3%A8ces" title="Extinction des espèces">†</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelicerata" title="Chelicerata">CHÉLICÉRÉS</a> :</li></ul> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <br /><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A9lic%C3%A8re" title="Chélicère">chélicères</a> </td> <td rowspan="9" bgcolor="#ccccee" style="border-top:0">  </td> <td colspan="4" bgcolor="#ddccdd" style="border-bottom:0"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Sauropsida" title="Sauropsida">SAUROPSIDES</a></b> :</li></ul> </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top:0;border-bottom:0">  </td> <td rowspan="6" bgcolor="#ddccdd" style="border-top:0; border-bottom:0">  </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="3" bgcolor="#dfcceb" style="border-bottom:0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tortue" title="Tortue">Tortues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepidosauria" title="Lepidosauria">Lépidosauriens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archosauria" title="Archosauria">ARCHOSAURIENS</a> :        </li></ul> </td> <td rowspan="2"><small><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9zard" title="Lézard">lézards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serpentes" title="Serpentes">serpents</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top:0;border-bottom:0">  </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2" bgcolor="#eebf9d" style="border-top:0; border-bottom:0">  </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ddcccf"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Limulidae" title="Limulidae">Limules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachnida" title="Arachnida">ARACHNIDES</a></li></ul> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <br /><small><a href="/wiki/Araneae" title="Araneae">araignées</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Scorpiones" title="Scorpiones">scorpions</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top:0;border-bottom:0">  </td> <td rowspan="4" bgcolor="#dfcceb" style="border-top:0">  </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ccbbee" style="border-bottom:0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crocodile" title="Crocodile">Crocodiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pterosauria" title="Pterosauria">Ptérosaures</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Extinction_des_esp%C3%A8ces" title="Extinction des espèces">†</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinosauria" title="Dinosauria">DINOSAURES</a> :</li></ul> </td> <td rowspan="2">  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top:0;border-bottom:0">  </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="5" bgcolor="#eebf9d" style="border-top:0; border-bottom:0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myriapoda" title="Myriapoda">Myriapodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancrustacea" title="Pancrustacea">PANCRUSTACÉS</a> :</li></ul> </td> <td rowspan="2"><small><a href="/wiki/Mandibule" title="Mandibule">mandibules</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top:0;border-bottom:0">  </td> <td rowspan="2" bgcolor="#ccbbee" style="border-top:0">  </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1" bgcolor="#88eeff" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Oiseau" title="Oiseau">OISEAUX</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><small>adaptation<br />au vol</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top:0;border-bottom:0">  </td> <td rowspan="4" colspan="2" bgcolor="#eebf9d" style="border-top:0">  </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="3" bgcolor="#eebbff"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crustac%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Crustacé">CRUSTACÉS</a></li></ul> </td> <td rowspan="2"><small><a href="/wiki/Crabe" title="Crabe">crabes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palinuridae" title="Palinuridae">langoustes</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top:0;border-bottom:0">  </td> <td colspan="4" bgcolor="#ddccdd" style="border-top:0; border-bottom:0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synapsida" title="Synapsida">SYNAPSIDES</a> :</li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top:0">  </td> <td colspan="3" bgcolor="#bbcc99"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insecte" title="Insecte">INSECTES</a></li></ul> </td> <td><small>6 pattes,<br /><a href="/wiki/Larve" title="Larve">larves</a></small> </td> <td bgcolor="#ddccdd" style="border-top:0">  </td> <td colspan="3" bgcolor="#eebb66" align="center"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mammif%C3%A8re" title="Mammifère">MAMMIFÈRES</a></li></ul> </td> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Glande_sudoripare" title="Glande sudoripare">gl. sudoripares</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9ocortex" title="Néocortex">néocortex</a></small> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chordata&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chordata&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chordata?uselang=fr">Chordata</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li><li class="wikispecies"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Chordata" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Chordata">Chordata</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur <span class="project">Wikispecies</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chordata&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chordata&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="BeaumontCassierRichard2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="André_BeaumontPierre_CassierDaniel_Richard2009">André Beaumont, Pierre Cassier et Daniel Richard, <cite class="italique">Biologie animale. Les Cordés : anatomie comparée des vertébrés</cite>, Dunod, <time>2009</time>, 688 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=Wq6G6Z-Mn1YC">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biologie+animale.+Les+Cord%C3%A9s&rft.pub=Dunod&rft.stitle=anatomie+compar%C3%A9e+des+vert%C3%A9br%C3%A9s&rft.aulast=Beaumont&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rft.au=Pierre+Cassier&rft.au=Daniel+Richard&rft.date=2009&rft.tpages=688&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AChordata"></span></span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chordata&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chordata&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chordata_(classification_phylog%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique)" title="Chordata (classification phylogénétique)">Chordata (classification phylogénétique)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuniciers" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuniciers">Tuniciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9phalochord%C3%A9s" class="mw-redirect" title="Céphalochordés">Céphalochordés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vert%C3%A9br%C3%A9s" title="Vertébrés">Vertébrés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somite" title="Somite">Somite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9michord%C3%A9s" class="mw-redirect" title="Hémichordés">Hémichordés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olfactoriens" class="mw-redirect" title="Olfactoriens">Olfactoriens</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chordata&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chordata&action=edit&section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="Faunaeur"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Référence <i><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea</a></i> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/1700ebea-6b47-49a0-ab76-b82462c4c44b"><i>Chordata</i></a> <small>(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-03-15" data-sort-value="2023-03-15">15 mars 2023</time>)</small></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="ITIS"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langues : français et anglais">(fr + en)</abbr> Référence <i><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_d%27information_taxonomique_int%C3%A9gr%C3%A9" title="Système d'information taxonomique intégré">ITIS</a></i> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=158852"><i>Chordata</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="ADW"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Référence <i><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">Animal Diversity Web</a></i> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Chordata/"><i>Chordata</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="NCBI"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Référence <i><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a></i> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=7711"><i>Chordata</i></a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?lin=s&p=has_linkout&id=7711">taxons inclus</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chordata&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chordata&action=edit&section=12" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Paterson2014-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Paterson2014_1-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Paterson2014_1-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="García-BellidoPaterson2014"><span class="ouvrage" id="Diego_C_García-BellidoJohn_R_Paterson2014">Diego C <span class="nom_auteur">García-Bellido</span> et John R <span class="nom_auteur">Paterson</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal">A new vetulicolian from Australia and its bearing on the chordate affinities of an enigmatic Cambrian group</cite> », <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 14,‎ <time>2014</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 214 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25273382">25273382</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMCID</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4203957">4203957</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-014-0214-z">10.1186/s12862-014-0214-z</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+new+vetulicolian+from+Australia+and+its+bearing+on+the+chordate+affinities+of+an+enigmatic+Cambrian+group&rft.jtitle=BMC+Evolutionary+Biology&rft.aulast=Garc%C3%ADa-Bellido&rft.aufirst=Diego+C&rft.au=Paterson%2C+John+R&rft.date=2014&rft.volume=14&rft.pages=214&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs12862-014-0214-z&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25273382&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AChordata"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pandey1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pandey1_2-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Pandey1_2-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pandey,_Vartika_Mathur2018"><span class="ouvrage" id="B.N._Pandey,_Vartika_Mathur2018"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> B.N. Pandey, Vartika Mathur, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Biology of chordates</cite>, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., <time>2018</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=Jl9TDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 1<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biology+of+chordates&rft.pub=PHI+Learning+Pvt.+Ltd.&rft.au=B.N.+Pandey%2C+Vartika+Mathur&rft.date=2018&rft.pages=1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AChordata"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ødegaard2000"><span class="ouvrage" id="Frode_Ødegaard2000"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Frode Ødegaard, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">How many species of arthropods? Erwin's estimate revised</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Biological Journal of the Linnean Society</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 71, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 4,‎ <time>2000</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">583–597</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bijl.2000.0468">10.1006/bijl.2000.0468</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+many+species+of+arthropods%3F+Erwin%27s+estimate+revised&rft.jtitle=Biological+Journal+of+the+Linnean+Society&rft.issue=4&rft.aulast=%C3%98degaard&rft.aufirst=Frode&rft.date=2000&rft.volume=71&rft.pages=583%E2%80%93597&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Fbijl.2000.0468&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AChordata"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> William Bateson, « <span class="lang-en" lang="en">The Ancestry of the Chordata</span> », <i>Q.J.M.S.</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="26"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XXVI</span></abbr>, 1885, 535-571.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="BeckmannVignaux2018"><span class="ouvrage" id="Eytann_BeckmannJean-Jacques_Vignaux2018">Eytann Beckmann et Jean-Jacques Vignaux, <cite class="italique">Sciences fondamentales</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Groupe_De_Boeck" title="Groupe De Boeck">De Boeck Supérieur</a>, <time>2018</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 264<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sciences+fondamentales&rft.pub=De+Boeck+Sup%C3%A9rieur&rft.aulast=Beckmann&rft.aufirst=Eytann&rft.au=Jean-Jacques+Vignaux&rft.date=2018&rft.pages=264&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AChordata"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pirlot1969"><span class="ouvrage" id="Paul_Pirlot1969"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Pirlot" title="Paul Pirlot">Paul Pirlot</a>, <cite class="italique">Morphologie évolutive des Chordés</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Presses_de_l%27Universit%C3%A9_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Presses de l'Université de Montréal">Presses de l'Université de Montréal</a>, <time>1969</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 17<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Morphologie+%C3%A9volutive+des+Chord%C3%A9s&rft.pub=Presses+de+l%27Universit%C3%A9+de+Montr%C3%A9al&rft.aulast=Pirlot&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=1969&rft.pages=17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AChordata"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pirlot_p130-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pirlot_p130_7-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Pirlot_p130_7-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pirlot1969"><span class="ouvrage" id="Paul_Pirlot1969"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Pirlot" title="Paul Pirlot">Paul Pirlot</a>, <cite class="italique">Morphologie évolutive des Chordés</cite>, Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal, <time>1969</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 130<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Morphologie+%C3%A9volutive+des+Chord%C3%A9s&rft.pub=Les+Presses+de+l%27Universit%C3%A9+de+Montr%C3%A9al&rft.aulast=Pirlot&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=1969&rft.pages=130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AChordata"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="CranshawRedak2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Whitney_CranshawRichard_Redak2013"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Whitney Cranshaw et Richard Redak, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Bugs Rule ! An introduction to the world of insects</cite>, <span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a></span>, <time>2013</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=p_3c0qGP_t0C">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 18<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bugs+Rule+%21+An+introduction+to+the+world+of+insects&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.aulast=Cranshaw&rft.aufirst=Whitney&rft.au=Richard+Redak&rft.date=2013&rft.pages=18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AChordata"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Raccaud-Schoeller1980"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jeanne_Raccaud-Schoeller1980">Jeanne Raccaud-Schoeller, <cite class="italique">Les insectes : physiologie, développement</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Elsevier_Masson" title="Elsevier Masson">Masson</a>, <time>1980</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 3<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+insectes&rft.pub=Masson&rft.stitle=physiologie%2C+d%C3%A9veloppement&rft.aulast=Raccaud-Schoeller&rft.aufirst=Jeanne&rft.date=1980&rft.pages=3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AChordata"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Raven,_Susan_R_Singer,_Georges_B_Johnson,_Kenneth_A_Mason,_Jonathan_B_Losos2017"><span class="ouvrage" id="Peter_H_Raven,_Susan_R_Singer,_Georges_B_Johnson,_Kenneth_A_Mason,_Jonathan_B_Losos2017">Peter H Raven, Susan R Singer, Georges B Johnson, Kenneth A Mason, Jonathan B Losos, <cite class="italique">Biologie</cite>, De Boeck Superieur, <time>2017</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=Q0smDwAAQBAJ">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 965<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biologie&rft.pub=De+Boeck+Superieur&rft.aulast=Raven%2C+Susan+R+Singer%2C+Georges+B+Johnson%2C+Kenneth+A+Mason%2C+Jonathan+B+Losos&rft.aufirst=Peter+H&rft.date=2017&rft.pages=965&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AChordata"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Beaumont,_Pierre_Cassier,_Daniel_Richard2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="André_Beaumont,_Pierre_Cassier,_Daniel_Richard2009">André Beaumont, Pierre Cassier, Daniel Richard, <cite class="italique">Biologie animale. Les Cordés : anatomie comparée des vertébrés</cite>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Dunod" title="Éditions Dunod">Dunod</a>, <time>2009</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 146<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biologie+animale.+Les+Cord%C3%A9s&rft.pub=Dunod&rft.stitle=anatomie+compar%C3%A9e+des+vert%C3%A9br%C3%A9s&rft.au=Andr%C3%A9+Beaumont%2C+Pierre+Cassier%2C+Daniel+Richard&rft.date=2009&rft.pages=146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AChordata"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-betc-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-betc_12-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="A.P.1987"><span class="ouvrage" id="Beaumont_A.Cassier_P.1987">Beaumont A. et Cassier P., <cite class="italique">Biologie animale <span class="nowrap">Tome 3</span></cite>, Paris, Dunod université, <time>1987</time>, 648 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-04-016946-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-04-016946-6"><span class="nowrap">2-04-016946-6</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biologie+animale+Tome+3&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Dunod+universit%C3%A9&rft.aulast=A.&rft.aufirst=Beaumont&rft.au=Cassier+P.&rft.date=1987&rft.tpages=648&rft.isbn=2-04-016946-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AChordata"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Manuel"><span class="ouvrage" id="Michaël_Manuel">Michaël Manuel, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/phylogenie-animale/6-la-phylogenie-et-l-evolution-des-bilateria/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Phylogénie animale : Synapomorphies et relations internes des trois grands clades de Bilateria</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">www.<a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Universalis" title="Encyclopædia Universalis">Universalis</a>.fr</span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rcfilms.dotster.com/arribas_ABALO_JURASSIC_SEA_WORM.pdf">Ver annélide marin</a> récemment découvert au Portugal (en)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Dans les formes anciennes, ce sont les nageoires impaires qui sont les mieux adaptées à la nage. Cf <span class="ouvrage" id="Piveteau2010"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean_Piveteau2010"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Piveteau" title="Jean Piveteau">Jean Piveteau</a>, <cite class="italique">Des premiers vertébrés à l'homme</cite>, Albin Michel, <time>2010</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 44<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Des+premiers+vert%C3%A9br%C3%A9s+%C3%A0+l%27homme&rft.pub=Albin+Michel&rft.aulast=Piveteau&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.date=2010&rft.pages=44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AChordata"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Vandebroek1969"><span class="ouvrage" id="Georges_Vandebroek1969">Georges Vandebroek, <cite class="italique">Évolution des vertébrés. De leur origine à l'homme</cite>, Masson, <time>1969</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">138-141</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C3%89volution+des+vert%C3%A9br%C3%A9s.+De+leur+origine+%C3%A0+l%27homme&rft.pub=Masson&rft.aulast=Vandebroek&rft.aufirst=Georges&rft.date=1969&rft.pages=138-141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AChordata"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Zoologie" title="Portail de la zoologie"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Symbole-faune.png/27px-Symbole-faune.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Symbole-faune.png/40px-Symbole-faune.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Symbole-faune.png/53px-Symbole-faune.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="271" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Zoologie" title="Portail:Zoologie">Portail de la zoologie</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Origine_et_%C3%A9volution_du_vivant" title="Portail origine et évolution du vivant"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Icone_OEV2.jpg/48px-Icone_OEV2.jpg" decoding="async" width="48" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Icone_OEV2.jpg/72px-Icone_OEV2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Icone_OEV2.jpg/96px-Icone_OEV2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="83" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Origine_et_%C3%A9volution_du_vivant" title="Portail:Origine et évolution du vivant">Portail origine et évolution du vivant</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chordata&oldid=219633178">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chordata&oldid=219633178</a> ».</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Accueil" title="Catégorie:Accueil">Catégories</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Chordata" title="Catégorie:Chordata">Chordata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Embranchement_de_bilat%C3%A9riens_(nom_scientifique)" title="Catégorie:Embranchement de bilatériens (nom scientifique)">Embranchement de bilatériens (nom scientifique)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Taxon_d%C3%A9crit_en_1874" title="Catégorie:Taxon décrit en 1874">Taxon décrit en 1874</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Catégories cachées : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Taxobox_utilisant_la_classification_selon_ITIS" title="Catégorie:Taxobox utilisant la classification selon ITIS">Taxobox utilisant la classification selon ITIS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_avec_taxobox-animal" title="Catégorie:Article avec taxobox-animal">Article avec taxobox-animal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_utilisant_une_Infobox" title="Catégorie:Article utilisant une Infobox">Article utilisant une Infobox</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_contenant_un_appel_%C3%A0_traduction_en_anglais" title="Catégorie:Article contenant un appel à traduction en anglais">Article contenant un appel à traduction en anglais</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Cat%C3%A9gorie_Commons_avec_lien_local_identique_sur_Wikidata" title="Catégorie:Catégorie Commons avec lien local identique sur Wikidata">Catégorie Commons avec lien local identique sur Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Zoologie/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Zoologie/Articles liés">Portail:Zoologie/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Biologie/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Biologie/Articles liés">Portail:Biologie/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Sciences/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Sciences/Articles liés">Portail:Sciences/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Projet:Biologie/Pages_li%C3%A9es" title="Catégorie:Projet:Biologie/Pages liées">Projet:Biologie/Pages liées</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Origine_et_%C3%A9volution_du_vivant/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Origine et évolution du vivant/Articles liés">Portail:Origine et évolution du vivant/Articles liés</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 21 octobre 2024 à 13:09.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Citation_et_r%C3%A9utilisation_du_contenu_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia" title="Wikipédia:Citation et réutilisation du contenu de Wikipédia">Droit d'auteur</a> : les textes sont disponibles sous <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions</a> ; 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