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id="toc-Jewish_immigration_to_Palestine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jewish_immigration_to_Palestine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Jewish immigration to Palestine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jewish_immigration_to_Palestine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_I_and_the_Balfour_Declaration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_I_and_the_Balfour_Declaration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>World War I and the Balfour Declaration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_I_and_the_Balfour_Declaration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_years_of_the_British_Mandate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years_of_the_British_Mandate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Early years of the British Mandate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years_of_the_British_Mandate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1936–1939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1936–1939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1936–1939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jewish_insurgency_in_Mandatory_Palestine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jewish_insurgency_in_Mandatory_Palestine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jewish_insurgency_in_Mandatory_Palestine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Arab_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Arab_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>The Arab states</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Arab_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_1947_UN_Partition_Plan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_1947_UN_Partition_Plan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>The 1947 UN Partition Plan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_1947_UN_Partition_Plan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_phase:_1947–1948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_phase:_1947–1948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>First phase: 1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-First_phase:_1947–1948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle First phase: 1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-First_phase:_1947–1948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Plan_Dalet_and_second_stage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plan_Dalet_and_second_stage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Plan Dalet and second stage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plan_Dalet_and_second_stage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_phase:_1948_Arab–Israeli_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_phase:_1948_Arab–Israeli_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Second phase: 1948 Arab–Israeli War</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Second_phase:_1948_Arab–Israeli_War-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Second phase: 1948 Arab–Israeli War subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Second_phase:_1948_Arab–Israeli_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arab_League_entry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arab_League_entry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Arab League entry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arab_League_entry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_truce:_11_June_–_8_July_1948" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_truce:_11_June_–_8_July_1948"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>First truce: 11 June – 8 July 1948</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_truce:_11_June_–_8_July_1948-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_phase:_8–18_July_1948" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_phase:_8–18_July_1948"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Second phase: 8–18 July 1948</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_phase:_8–18_July_1948-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-18_July_1948_–_10_March_1949" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#18_July_1948_–_10_March_1949"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>18 July 1948 – 10 March 1949</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-18_July_1948_–_10_March_1949-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israeli_usage_of_biological_warfare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israeli_usage_of_biological_warfare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Israeli usage of biological warfare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israeli_usage_of_biological_warfare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Aftermath subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Armistice_lines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armistice_lines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Armistice lines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armistice_lines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Casualties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casualties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Casualties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Casualties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographic_consequences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographic_consequences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Demographic consequences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographic_consequences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historiography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historiography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Historiography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historiography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Historiography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historiography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Israeli_narratives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israeli_narratives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Israeli narratives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israeli_narratives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zionist_narrative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zionist_narrative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Zionist narrative</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zionist_narrative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Historians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Historians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.2</span> <span>New Historians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Historians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neo-Zionist_narratives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neo-Zionist_narratives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.3</span> <span>Neo-Zionist narratives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neo-Zionist_narratives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palestinian_narratives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palestinian_narratives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Palestinian narratives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palestinian_narratives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arab_narratives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arab_narratives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Arab narratives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arab_narratives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States_narratives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_narratives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>United States narratives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_narratives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1948 Palestine war</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 64 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pal%C3%A4stinakrieg" title="Palästinakrieg – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Palästinakrieg" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86_1947%E2%80%931949" title="حرب فلسطين 1947–1949 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حرب فلسطين 1947–1949" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_%C3%A1rabe-israelina_de_1948" title="Guerra árabe-israelina de 1948 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Guerra árabe-israelina de 1948" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C_(%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B4%DB%B8)" title="عرب-ایسرائیل ساواشی (۱۹۴۸) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="عرب-ایسرائیل ساواشی (۱۹۴۸)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%AA%E0%A7%AE_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7" title="১৯৪৮ আরব-ইসরায়েলি যুদ্ধ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৯৪৮ আরব-ইসরায়েলি যুদ্ধ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0-%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_(1947%E2%80%941949)" title="Араба-ізраільская вайна (1947—1949) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Араба-ізраільская вайна (1947—1949)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0-%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_(1948%E2%80%941949)" title="Араба-ізраільская вайна (1948—1949) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Араба-ізраільская вайна (1948—1949)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prvn%C3%AD_arabsko-izraelsk%C3%A1_v%C3%A1lka" title="První arabsko-izraelská válka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="První arabsko-izraelská válka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pal%C3%A6stinakrigen_(1947%E2%80%931949)" title="Palæstinakrigen (1947–1949) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Palæstinakrigen (1947–1949)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pal%C3%A4stinakrieg" title="Palästinakrieg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Palästinakrieg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araabia-Iisraeli_s%C3%B5da" title="Araabia-Iisraeli sõda – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Araabia-Iisraeli sõda" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_de_independencia_de_Israel" title="Guerra de independencia de Israel – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guerra de independencia de Israel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestina_enlanda_milito_de_1947-1949" title="Palestina enlanda milito de 1947-1949 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Palestina enlanda milito de 1947-1949" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948ko_Arabiar-israeldar_Gerra" title="1948ko Arabiar-israeldar Gerra – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1948ko Arabiar-israeldar Gerra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B4%DB%B8_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%DB%8C%D9%86" title="جنگ ۱۹۴۸ فلسطین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنگ ۱۹۴۸ فلسطین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerre_isra%C3%A9lo-arabe_de_1948" title="Guerre israélo-arabe de 1948 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guerre israélo-arabe de 1948" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_%C3%A1rabe-israel%C3%AD_de_1948" title="Guerra árabe-israelí de 1948 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Guerra árabe-israelí de 1948" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948%EB%85%84_%ED%8C%94%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B8_%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81" title="1948년 팔레스타인 전쟁 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1948년 팔레스타인 전쟁" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakin_Falasdinu_na_1948" title="Yakin Falasdinu na 1948 – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Yakin Falasdinu na 1948" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1-%D5%AB%D5%BD%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4_(1948-1949)" title="Արաբա-իսրայելական պատերազմ (1948-1949) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արաբա-իսրայելական պատերազմ (1948-1949)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC-%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7_(%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AE)" title="अरब-इजराइल युद्ध (१९४८) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अरब-इजराइल युद्ध (१९४८)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arapsko-izraelski_rat_1948." title="Arapsko-izraelski rat 1948. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Arapsko-izraelski rat 1948." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Palestina_1948" title="Perang Palestina 1948 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perang Palestina 1948" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyrsta_str%C3%AD%C3%B0_%C3%8Dsraels_og_Araba" title="Fyrsta stríð Ísraels og Araba – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fyrsta stríð Ísraels og Araba" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_in_Palestina_del_1948" title="Guerra in Palestina del 1948 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Guerra in Palestina del 1948" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA" title="מלחמת העצמאות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלחמת העצמאות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Arab-Isra%C3%A8l_1948" title="Perang Arab-Israèl 1948 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Perang Arab-Israèl 1948" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98_(1947-1949)" title="პალესტინის ომი (1947-1949) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პალესტინის ომი (1947-1949)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izra%C4%93las_neatkar%C4%ABbas_kar%C5%A1" title="Izraēlas neatkarības karš – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Izraēlas neatkarības karš" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0_(1947-1949)" title="Палестинска војна (1947-1949) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Палестинска војна (1947-1949)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%82_(1948)" title="അറബ് ഇസ്രയേൽ യുദ്ധം (1948) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അറബ് ഇസ്രയേൽ യുദ്ധം (1948)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_48" title="حرب 48 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حرب 48" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Palestin_1947%E2%80%931949" title="Perang Palestin 1947–1949 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perang Palestin 1947–1949" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1-%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Араб-Израилын дайн – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Араб-Израилын дайн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabisch-Isra%C3%ABlische_Oorlog_van_1948" title="Arabisch-Israëlische Oorlog van 1948 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Arabisch-Israëlische Oorlog van 1948" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_arabisk-israelske_krig_i_1948" title="Den arabisk-israelske krig i 1948 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den arabisk-israelske krig i 1948" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_arabisk-israelske_krigen_i_1948" title="Den arabisk-israelske krigen i 1948 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den arabisk-israelske krigen i 1948" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_Israeloar%C3%A0bia_de_1948" title="Guèrra Israeloaràbia de 1948 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Guèrra Israeloaràbia de 1948" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falastin_urushi" title="Falastin urushi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Falastin urushi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A9%A7%E0%A9%AF%E0%A9%AA%E0%A9%AE_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC-%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97" title="੧੯੪੮ ਦੀ ਅਰਬ-ਇਜ਼ਰਾਇਲੀ ਜੰਗ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="੧੯੪੮ ਦੀ ਅਰਬ-ਇਜ਼ਰਾਇਲੀ ਜੰਗ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B4%DB%B8_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF" title="۱۹۴۸ دی عرب اسرائیلی جنگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="۱۹۴۸ دی عرب اسرائیلی جنگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_wojna_izraelsko-arabska" title="I wojna izraelsko-arabska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="I wojna izraelsko-arabska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_da_Palestina_de_1948" title="Guerra da Palestina de 1948 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guerra da Palestina de 1948" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_Arabo-Israelian_din_1948-1949" title="Războiul Arabo-Israelian din 1948-1949 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Războiul Arabo-Israelian din 1948-1949" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_(1947%E2%80%941949)" title="Арабо-израильская война (1947—1949) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Арабо-израильская война (1947—1949)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lufta_e_Palestin%C3%ABs_1948" title="Lufta e Palestinës 1948 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lufta e Palestinës 1948" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1947%E2%80%931949_Palestine_war" title="1947–1949 Palestine war – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1947–1949 Palestine war" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_1948" title="عرب اسرائيل جنگ 1948 – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="عرب اسرائيل جنگ 1948" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prv%C3%A1_arabsko-izraelsk%C3%A1_vojna" title="Prvá arabsko-izraelská vojna – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Prvá arabsko-izraelská vojna" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinska_vojna_(1948)" title="Palestinska vojna (1948) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Palestinska vojna (1948)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82_1947%E2%80%941949." title="Палестински рат 1947—1949. – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Палестински рат 1947—1949." data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arapsko-izraelski_rat_1948." title="Arapsko-izraelski rat 1948. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Arapsko-izraelski rat 1948." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelin_itsen%C3%A4isyyssota" title="Israelin itsenäisyyssota – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Israelin itsenäisyyssota" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_%C3%A5rs_arabisk-israeliska_krig" title="1948 års arabisk-israeliska krig – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1948 års arabisk-israeliska krig" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digmaang_Arabe-Israeli_ng_1948" title="Digmaang Arabe-Israeli ng 1948 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Digmaang Arabe-Israeli ng 1948" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81_-_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="1948 அரபு - இசுரேல் போர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1948 அரபு - இசுரேல் போர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%84.%E0%B8%A8._1947%E2%80%931949" title="สงครามปาเลสไตน์ ค.ศ. 1947–1949 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สงครามปาเลสไตน์ ค.ศ. 1947–1949" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a 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Palestine 1948" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="第一次中东战争 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="第一次中东战争" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%94" title="אומאפהענגיקייט מלחמה – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אומאפהענגיקייט מלחמה" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue 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height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">First war of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the entire conflict in Palestine in 1948. For the civil war phase, see <a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine">1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine</a>. For the international phase, see <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Palestine war" redirects here. For the broader conflict, see <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">1948 Palestine war</th></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Intercommunal_conflict_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine">intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:125px;max-width:125px"><div style="height:122px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abdul_Qader_April_1948_ii.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Abdul_Qader_April_1948_ii.jpg/123px-Abdul_Qader_April_1948_ii.jpg" decoding="async" width="123" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Abdul_Qader_April_1948_ii.jpg/185px-Abdul_Qader_April_1948_ii.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Abdul_Qader_April_1948_ii.jpg/246px-Abdul_Qader_April_1948_ii.jpg 2x" data-file-width="828" data-file-height="826" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:163px;max-width:163px"><div style="height:122px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Egyptian_bombing_1948_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Egyptian_bombing_1948_%28cropped%29.jpg/161px-Egyptian_bombing_1948_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Egyptian_bombing_1948_%28cropped%29.jpg/242px-Egyptian_bombing_1948_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Egyptian_bombing_1948_%28cropped%29.jpg/322px-Egyptian_bombing_1948_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2479" data-file-height="1890" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:149px;max-width:149px"><div style="height:108px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Negev_Brigade_soldiers_1948.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Negev_Brigade_soldiers_1948.jpg/147px-Negev_Brigade_soldiers_1948.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Negev_Brigade_soldiers_1948.jpg/221px-Negev_Brigade_soldiers_1948.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Negev_Brigade_soldiers_1948.jpg/294px-Negev_Brigade_soldiers_1948.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2769" data-file-height="2045" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="height:108px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tantura_expulsion_(997008136022405171)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Tantura_expulsion_%28997008136022405171%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/137px-Tantura_expulsion_%28997008136022405171%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Tantura_expulsion_%28997008136022405171%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/206px-Tantura_expulsion_%28997008136022405171%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Tantura_expulsion_%28997008136022405171%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/274px-Tantura_expulsion_%28997008136022405171%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="983" data-file-height="778" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><b>From top to bottom, left to right</b>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Qadir_al-Husayni" title="Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni">Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni</a> with fellow fighters from the <a href="/wiki/Holy_War_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy War Army">Holy War Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a> personnel carry a man wounded by the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_airstrike_on_the_Old_Tel_Aviv_central_bus_station" title="Egyptian airstrike on the Old Tel Aviv central bus station">Egyptian bombing of Tel Aviv</a></li> <li>Jewish soldiers from the <a href="/wiki/Palmach" title="Palmach">Palmach</a> with artillery</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion">Expulsion of Palestinians</a> from the village of <a href="/wiki/Tantura" title="Tantura">Tantura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>30 November 1947 – 20 July 1949<br />(1 year, 7 months, 2 weeks and 6 days)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Lebanon" title="Southern Lebanon">southern Lebanon</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <ul><li>Israeli victory <ul><li>Establishment of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Israel">State of Israel</a>, demarcated by the <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)" title="Green Line (Israel)">Green Line</a> of the <a href="/wiki/1949_Armistice_Agreements" title="1949 Armistice Agreements">1949 Armistice Agreements</a></li></ul></li> <li>Palestinian defeat <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">Expulsion of Palestinian Arabs from modern Israel</a></li> <li>Beginning of <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Fedayeen_insurgency" title="Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency">Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> strategic failure <ul><li>Jordanian marginal victory<sup id="cite_ref-shapira91_96_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shapira91_96-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Egyptian defeat</li></ul></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Territorial<br />changes</th><td> <p><b><a href="/wiki/1949_Armistice_Agreements" title="1949 Armistice Agreements">1949 Armistice Agreements</a>:</b> </p> <ul><li>Establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">State of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Gaza_Strip_by_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt">Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt</a> and establishment of the <a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Government" title="All-Palestine Government">All-Palestine Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Jordanian annexation of the West Bank">Annexation of the West Bank by Jordan</a> (including <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a>)</li> <li>Syrian foothold established to the north and south of the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/15px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/23px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/30px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Yishuv" title="Yishuv">Yishuv</a></b><br />(before <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Israeli Declaration of Independence">14 May 1948</a>)<br /><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></b><br />(after 14 May 1948) </p> <hr /> <p><b>Before 26 May 1948:</b> </p> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Haganah_Symbol.svg/13px-Haganah_Symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Haganah_Symbol.svg/20px-Haganah_Symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Haganah_Symbol.svg/26px-Haganah_Symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="278" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palmach" title="Palmach">Palmach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hish_(Haganah_corps)" title="Hish (Haganah corps)">Hish Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guard_Corps_(Haganah)" title="Guard Corps (Haganah)">HIM Corps</a></li></ul></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Irgun.svg/15px-Irgun.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Irgun.svg/23px-Irgun.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Irgun.svg/30px-Irgun.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="337" data-file-height="475" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Logo_of_the_Lehi_movement.svg/15px-Logo_of_the_Lehi_movement.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Logo_of_the_Lehi_movement.svg/23px-Logo_of_the_Lehi_movement.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Logo_of_the_Lehi_movement.svg/30px-Logo_of_the_Lehi_movement.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="274" data-file-height="434" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lehi_(militant_group)" title="Lehi (militant group)">Lehi</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Druze.svg/23px-Flag_of_Druze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Druze.svg/35px-Flag_of_Druze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Druze.svg/45px-Flag_of_Druze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="200" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> militants<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Allied <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouin</a> tribes<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>After 26 May 1948:</b> </p> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Badge_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces.svg/20px-Badge_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Badge_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces.svg/30px-Badge_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Badge_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces.svg/40px-Badge_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="481" data-file-height="439" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sword_Battalion" title="Sword Battalion">IDF Minorities Unit</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Foreign volunteers:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahal_(Israel)" title="Mahal (Israel)">Mahal</a></li></ul></td><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Arab_Higher_Committee#Reconstituted_committee,_1945–1948" title="Arab Higher Committee">Arab Higher Committee</a></b><br />(before <a href="/wiki/Arab_League_and_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab League and the Arab–Israeli conflict">15 May 1948</a>)</li><li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></b><br />(after 15 May 1948)</li></ul></div> <hr /> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Arab_Liberation_Army_%28bw%29.svg/23px-Arab_Liberation_Army_%28bw%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Arab_Liberation_Army_%28bw%29.svg/35px-Arab_Liberation_Army_%28bw%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Arab_Liberation_Army_%28bw%29.svg/46px-Arab_Liberation_Army_%28bw%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="288" data-file-height="290" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Army" title="Arab Liberation Army">Arab Liberation Army</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Holy_War" title="Army of the Holy War">Holy War Army</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Al-Najjada" title="Al-Najjada">Al-Najjada</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1008" data-file-height="672" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Egypt</a> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Protectorate" title="All-Palestine Protectorate">All-Palestine Protectorate</a> (after 22 September 1948)</li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Transjordan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/First_Syrian_Republic" title="First Syrian Republic">Syria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia_%281938%E2%80%931973%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia_%281938%E2%80%931973%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia_%281938%E2%80%931973%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia_%281938%E2%80%931973%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia_%281938%E2%80%931973%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia_%281938%E2%80%931973%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Kingdom of Yemen"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_the_Mutawakkilite_Kingdom_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Mutawakkilite_Kingdom_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_the_Mutawakkilite_Kingdom_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Mutawakkilite_Kingdom_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_the_Mutawakkilite_Kingdom_of_Yemen.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Mutawakkilite_Kingdom_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yemen" title="Kingdom of Yemen">Yemen</a></span></li></ul></td><td style="width:33%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></b> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a> (before 15 May 1948)</li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann">Chaim Weizmann</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yigael_Yadin" title="Yigael Yadin">Yigael Yadin</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yaakov_Dori" title="Yaakov Dori">Yaakov Dori</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/David_Shaltiel" title="David Shaltiel">David Shaltiel</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Dayan" title="Moshe Dayan">Moshe Dayan</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yisrael_Galili" title="Yisrael Galili">Yisrael Galili</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yigal_Allon" title="Yigal Allon">Yigal Allon</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Carmel" title="Moshe Carmel">Moshe Carmel</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Aharon_Remez" title="Aharon Remez">Aharon Remez</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Marcus" title="Mickey Marcus">Mickey Marcus</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gershon_Zak" title="Gershon Zak">Gershon Zak</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Shamir" title="Shlomo Shamir">Shlomo Shamir</a></li></ul></div></td><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan"><img alt="Jordan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_I_of_Jordan" title="Abdullah I of Jordan">King Abdullah I</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan"><img alt="Jordan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/John_Bagot_Glubb" title="John Bagot Glubb">John Bagot Glubb</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan"><img alt="Jordan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Habis_al-Majali" class="mw-redirect" title="Habis al-Majali">Habis al-Majali</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Protectorate" title="All-Palestine Protectorate"><img alt="All-Palestine Protectorate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Qadir_al-Husayni" title="Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni">Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Protectorate" title="All-Palestine Protectorate"><img alt="All-Palestine Protectorate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hasan_Salama" title="Hasan Salama">Hasan Salama</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League"><img alt="Arab League" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fawzi_al-Qawuqji" title="Fawzi al-Qawuqji">Fawzi al-Qawuqji</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Protectorate" title="All-Palestine Protectorate"><img alt="All-Palestine Protectorate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281920%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Haj_Amin_Al-Husseini" class="mw-redirect" title="Haj Amin Al-Husseini">Haj Amin Al-Husseini</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1008" data-file-height="672" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/King_Farouk_I" class="mw-redirect" title="King Farouk I">King Farouk I</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1008" data-file-height="672" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Ali_al-Mwawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad Ali al-Mwawi">Ahmad Ali al-Mwawi</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1008" data-file-height="672" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Naguib" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Naguib">Muhammad Naguib</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League"><img alt="Arab League" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Hassan_Azzam" title="Abdul Rahman Hassan Azzam">Abdul Rahman Hassan Azzam</a></li></ul></div></td><td style="width:33%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine"><img alt="Mandatory Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gordon_MacMillan" title="Gordon MacMillan">Gordon MacMillan</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <b>Israel</b>: <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 10,000 initially, rising to 115,000 by March 1949</td><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><b>Arabs</b>: <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 2,000 initially, rising to 70,000, of which: </p> <ul><li><b>Egypt</b>: 10,000 initially, rising to 20,000</li> <li><b>Iraq</b>: 3,000 initially, rising to 15,000–18,000</li> <li><b>Syria</b>: 2,500–5,000</li> <li><b>Transjordan</b>: 8,000–12,000</li> <li><b>Lebanon</b>: 1,000<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Saudi Arabia</b>: 800–1,200</li> <li><b>Arab Liberation Army</b>: 3,500–6,000</li></ul></td><td style="width:33%;padding-left:0.25em"> <b>British Security Forces</b>: 70,000</td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Special_Operations_Command" title="United States Special Operations Command">USSOC</a> historian Stanley Sandler estimates 6,373 killed (about 4,000 troops and 2,373 civilians)<sup id="cite_ref-Sandler_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sandler-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Benny Morris</a> writes that 5,700– 5,800 were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-bm-1948-p406_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bm-1948-p406-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" style="width:67%;padding-left:0.25em"> Between +5,000<sup id="cite_ref-Sandler_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sandler-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 20,000 (including civilians and armed irregulars),<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> among which 4,000 soldiers for Egypt, Jordan and Syria; other estimate: 15,000 Arab dead and 25,000 wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Aref_al-Aref" title="Aref al-Aref">Aref al-Aref</a> gives the number of Palestinian deaths as 13,000, with the majority of that number being civilians.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ilan_Papp%C3%A9" title="Ilan Pappé">Ilan Pappé</a> writes that "a few thousand died in massacres."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Benny Morris</a> estimates total Palestinian losses at +5,800, and that around 800 civilians and prisoners of war were massacred.<sup id="cite_ref-bm-1948-p406_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bm-1948-p406-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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civil war in Mandatory Palestine">1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine</a></b><br /> <p><b>Military engagements</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_3_Shevat" title="Battle of 3 Shevat">Shevat</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan_Dalet" title="Plan Dalet">Plan Dalet</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Nahshon" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Nahshon">Nahshon</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mishmar_HaEmek" title="Battle of Mishmar HaEmek">Mishmar HaEmek</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Harel" title="Operation Harel">Harel</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haifa_(1948)" title="Battle of Haifa (1948)">Haifa</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hametz" title="Operation Hametz">Hametz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Yevusi" title="Operation Yevusi">Yevusi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Yiftach" title="Operation Yiftach">Yiftach</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Matateh" title="Operation Matateh">Matateh</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Balak" title="Operation Balak">Balak</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gideon" title="Operation Gideon">Gideon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Barak" title="Operation Barak">Barak</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ben-Ami" title="Operation Ben-Ami">Ben-Ami</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kilshon" title="Operation Kilshon">Kilshon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shfifon" title="Operation Shfifon">Shfifon</a></i></li></ul> <p><b>Massacres and civilian attacks</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fajja_bus_attacks" title="Fajja bus attacks">Fajja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khisas_raid" title="Al-Khisas raid">Al-Khisas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Jerusalem_riots" title="1947 Jerusalem riots">Jerusalem riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haifa_Oil_Refinery_massacre" title="Haifa Oil Refinery massacre">Haifa Oil Refinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balad_al-Shaykh_massacre" title="Balad al-Shaykh massacre">Balad al-Shaykh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiramis_Hotel_bombing" title="Semiramis Hotel bombing">Semiramis Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27sa%27_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa'sa' Massacre">Sa'sa'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Yehuda_Street_bombings" title="Ben Yehuda Street bombings">Ben Yehuda Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo%E2%80%93Haifa_train_bombings_1948" title="Cairo–Haifa train bombings 1948">Cairo–Haifa train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_Yassin_massacre" title="Deir Yassin massacre">Deir Yassin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadassah_medical_convoy_massacre" title="Hadassah medical convoy massacre">Hadassah medical convoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_al-Zeitun_massacre" title="Ein al-Zeitun massacre">Ein al-Zeitun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Etzion_massacre" title="Kfar Etzion massacre">Kfar Etzion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Shusha_massacre" title="Abu Shusha massacre">Abu Shusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a></b><br /> <b>Southern front</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Kfar_Darom" title="Battles of Kfar Darom">Kfar Darom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nirim" title="Battle of Nirim">Nirim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yad_Mordechai" title="Battle of Yad Mordechai">Yad Mordechai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Pleshet" title="Operation Pleshet"><i>Pleshet</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Negba" title="Battles of Negba">Negba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nitzanim" title="Battle of Nitzanim">Nitzanim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_An-Far" title="Operation An-Far"><i>An-Far</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Be%27erot_Yitzhak" title="Battle of Be'erot Yitzhak">Be'erot Yitzhak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Death_to_the_Invader" title="Operation Death to the Invader"><i>Death to the Invader</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_GYS" title="Operation GYS"><i>GYS</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Avak" title="Operation Avak"><i>Avak</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Yoav" title="Operation Yoav"><i>Yoav</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Hanoun_wedge" title="Beit Hanoun wedge">Beit Hanoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_the_Separation_Corridor" title="Battles of the Separation Corridor">Separation Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beersheba_(1948)" title="Battle of Beersheba (1948)">Beersheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_naval_campaign_in_Operation_Yoav" title="Israeli naval campaign in Operation Yoav">Naval battles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shmone" title="Operation Shmone"><i>Shmone</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Lot" title="Operation Lot"><i>Lot</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Assaf" title="Operation Assaf"><i>Assaf</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Horev" title="Operation Horev"><i>Horev</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hisul" title="Operation Hisul">Hisul</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hill_86" title="Battle of Hill 86">Hill 86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Bir_%27Asluj" title="Battles of Bir 'Asluj">Bir Thamila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%27Auja" title="Battle of 'Auja">'Auja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_the_Sinai_(1948)" title="Battles of the Sinai (1948)">Sinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rafah_(1949)" title="Battle of Rafah (1949)">Rafah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Uvda" title="Operation Uvda"><i>Uvda</i></a></li></ul> <p><b>Central and Jerusalem front</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Jerusalem" title="Battle for Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kilshon" title="Operation Kilshon"><i>Kilshon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gesher" title="Battle of Gesher">Gesher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_airstrike_on_the_Old_Tel_Aviv_central_bus_station" title="Egyptian airstrike on the Old Tel Aviv central bus station">Old Tel Aviv bus station</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Yitzhak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Yitzhak (page does not exist)"><i>Yitzhak</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battles_of_the_Old_City_of_Jerusalem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battles of the Old City of Jerusalem (page does not exist)">Jerusalem Old City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Latrun_(1948)" title="Battles of Latrun (1948)">Latrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jenin_(1948)" title="Battle of Jenin (1948)">Jenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Danny" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Danny"><i>Danny</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kedem" title="Operation Kedem"><i>Kedem</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Yoram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Yoram (page does not exist)"><i>Yoram</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ha-Har" title="Operation Ha-Har"><i>Ha-Har</i></a></li></ul> <p><b>Northern front</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_the_Kinarot_Valley" title="Battles of the Kinarot Valley">Kinarot Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_al-Malikiyya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of al-Malikiyya (page does not exist)">al-Malikiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Namel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Namel (page does not exist)"><i>Namel</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dekel" title="Operation Dekel"><i>Dekel</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shoter" title="Operation Shoter"><i>Shoter</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hiram" title="Operation Hiram"><i>Hiram</i></a></li></ul> <p><b>International</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Balak" title="Operation Balak">Balak</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Velvetta" title="Operation Velvetta">Velvetta</a></i></li></ul> <p><b>Massacres</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kabri_incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Kabri incident">Al-Kabri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantura_massacre" title="Tantura massacre">Tantura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_from_Lydda_and_Ramle" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion from Lydda and Ramle">Lydda and Ramle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_bombing_of_Cairo" title="Israeli bombing of Cairo">Cairo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Dawayima_massacre" title="Al-Dawayima massacre">Al-Dawayima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safsaf_massacre" title="Safsaf massacre">Safsaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eilabun_massacre" title="Eilabun massacre">Eilabun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hula_massacre" title="Hula massacre">Hula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-Mawasi_massacre" title="Arab al-Mawasi massacre">Arab al-Mawasi</a></li></ul> <p><b>Biological warfare</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cast_Thy_Bread" title="Operation Cast Thy Bread">Cast Thy Bread</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>1948 Palestine war<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> was fought in the territory of what had been, at the start of the war, British-ruled <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the war, the British withdrew from Palestine, <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionist</a> forces conquered territory and established the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Israel">State of Israel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">over 700,000 Palestinians fled or were expelled</a>. It was the first war of the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a> and the broader <a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a>. </p><p>The war had two main phases, the first being the <a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine">1947–1948 civil war</a>, which began on 30 November 1947,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a day after the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> voted to adopt the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">Partition Plan for Palestine</a>, which planned for the division of the territory into Jewish and Arab sovereign states. During this period the British still maintained a declining rule over Palestine and occasionally intervened in the violence.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially on the defensive, the Zionist forces switched to the offensive in April 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In anticipation of an invasion by Arab armies,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they enacted <a href="/wiki/Plan_Dalet" title="Plan Dalet">Plan Dalet</a>, an operation aimed at securing territory for the establishment of a Jewish state.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second phase of the war began on 14 May 1948, with the termination of the British Mandate and the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Israeli Declaration of Independence">declaration of the establishment of the State of Israel</a>. The following morning, the surrounding Arab armies invaded Palestine, beginning the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>. The Egyptians advanced in the south-east while the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Legion" title="Arab Legion">Jordanian Arab Legion</a> and Iraqi forces captured the central highlands. Syria and Lebanon fought with the Israeli forces in the north. The newly formed <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a> managed to halt the Arab forces and in the following months began pushing them back and capturing territory. By the end of the war, the State of Israel had captured about 78% of former territory of the mandate, the <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Kingdom of Jordan</a> had <a href="/wiki/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Jordanian annexation of the West Bank">captured and later annexed</a> the area that became the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> had <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Gaza_Strip_by_the_United_Arab_Republic" title="Occupation of the Gaza Strip by the United Arab Republic">captured</a> the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>. The war formally ended with the <a href="/wiki/1949_Armistice_Agreements" title="1949 Armistice Agreements">1949 Armistice Agreements</a>, which established the <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)" title="Green Line (Israel)">Green Line</a> demarcating these territories. </p><p>During the war, <a href="/wiki/Killings_and_massacres_during_the_1948_Palestine_war" title="Killings and massacres during the 1948 Palestine war">massacres and acts of terror were conducted by and against both sides</a>. A campaign of massacres and violence against the Arab population, such as occurred at <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_from_Lydda_and_Ramle" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion from Lydda and Ramle">Lydda and Ramle</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haifa_(1948)" title="Battle of Haifa (1948)">Battle of Haifa</a>, led to the <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">expulsion and flight of over 700,000 Palestinians</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Depopulated_Palestinian_locations_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Depopulated Palestinian locations in Israel">most of their urban areas being depopulated and destroyed</a>. This violence and dispossession of the Palestinians is known today as the <a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> for "the disaster")<sup id="cite_ref-refugees_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refugees-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and resulted in the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee_problem" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian refugee problem">Palestinian refugee problem</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="History of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">History of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Intercommunal_conflict_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine">Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine</a></div> <p>The 1948 War came as the culmination of 30 years of friction between Jews and Arabs during the period of British rule of Palestine when, under the terms of the League of Nations mandate held by the British, conditions intended to lead to the creation of a Jewish National Home in the area were created. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jewish_immigration_to_Palestine">Jewish immigration to Palestine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a> formed in Europe as the national movement of the Jewish people. It sought to reestablish Jewish statehood in the ancient homeland. The first wave of Zionist immigration, dubbed the <a href="/wiki/First_Aliyah" title="First Aliyah">First Aliyah</a>, lasted from 1882 to 1903. Some 30,000 Jews, mostly from the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, reached Ottoman Palestine. They were driven both by the Zionist idea and by the wave of <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitism</a> in Europe, especially in the Russian Empire, which came in the form of brutal <a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">pogroms</a>. They wanted to establish Jewish agricultural settlements and a Jewish majority in the land that would allow them to gain statehood.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Arab inhabitants of Ottoman Palestine who saw the Zionist Jews of the first aliyah settle next to them were not associated with a national movement at the end of the 19th century. Historically, Palestine had never been administered or recognized as a distinct province by any of its Muslim rulers.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Starting in 1882, the Ottomans issued a stream of prohibitions against Jewish settlement and land purchases in Palestine. However, due to the inefficiency of Ottoman bureaucracies, these restriction had little effect. Due to bribes, the Ottoman authorities often supported the Jewish settlers in disputes over land and settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until the 1910s, Zionists encountered little violence, as the Arabs lacked political awareness and were disorganized.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1909 and 1914, this changed, as Arabs killed 12 Jewish settlement guards and Arab nationalism, and opposition to the Zionist enterprise, increased. In 1911, Arabs attempted to thwart the establishment of a Jewish settlement in the Jezreel Valley, and the dispute resulted in the death of one Arab man and a Jewish guard. The Arabs called the Jews the "new Crusaders", and anti-Zionist (and, occasionally, anti-Semitic<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) rhetoric flourished.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_I_and_the_Balfour_Declaration">World War I and the Balfour Declaration</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Sinai_and_Palestine_campaign" title="Sinai and Palestine campaign">Sinai and Palestine campaign</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balfour_Declaration" title="Balfour Declaration">Balfour Declaration</a></div> <p>During the war, Palestine served as the frontline between the Ottoman Empire and the British Empire in Egypt. The war briefly halted Jewish-Arab friction. The British invaded the land in 1915 and 1916 after two unsuccessful Ottoman attacks on Sinai. They were assisted by the Arab tribes in Hejaz, led by the <a href="/wiki/Hashemites" title="Hashemites">Hashemites</a>, and promised them sovereignty over the Arab areas of the Ottoman Empire. Palestine was excluded from the promise, initially intended to be a joint British-French domain. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Balfour_Declaration" title="Balfour Declaration">Balfour Declaration</a> in November 1917, it was designated as a "national home for the Jewish people", with the stipulation that "nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine." Several factors influenced the decision to support Zionism. Zionist lobbying, led by <a href="/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann">Chaim Weizmann</a>, played a significant role, along with religious and humanitarian motivations. The fact that the Arabs of Palestine supported the Ottoman fight against the Allied Powers also contributed. Additionally, the British believed that a British-backed state would help defend the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a>. At that time, the Arab Hashemites did not seem opposed to Jewish rule over Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years_of_the_British_Mandate">Early years of the British Mandate</h3></div> <p>After World War I, the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> granted Britain the <a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Palestine" title="Mandate for Palestine">Mandate for Palestine</a>, which required it to implement the <a href="/wiki/Balfour_Declaration" title="Balfour Declaration">Balfour Declaration</a>. As the numbers and strength of the <a href="/wiki/Yishuv" title="Yishuv">Yishuv</a> (the Jewish community in Palestine) grew, tensions between the Jewish and Arab communities deepened. Significant bouts of violence happened during the <a href="/wiki/1920_Nebi_Musa_riots" title="1920 Nebi Musa riots">1920 Jerusalem Riots</a>, as well as in <a href="/wiki/Jaffa_riots" title="Jaffa riots">1921</a> and <a href="/wiki/1929_Palestine_riots" title="1929 Palestine riots">1929</a>. In addition to the emerging Palestinian Arab nationalism, the violence also drew on religious inspirations, such as the accusation that the Jews intended to take over the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite Arab opposition to Jewish immigration, leading Palestinian families continued to sell land to Zionists throughout the period. At least one quarter of members of the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Arab_Congress" title="Palestine Arab Congress">Palestinian Arab Executive</a> benefited financially from such purchases, including the <a href="/wiki/Raghib_al-Nashashibi" title="Raghib al-Nashashibi">mayor of Jerusalem</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Musa_al-Husayni" title="Musa al-Husayni">al-Husayni family</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Zionist leaders intermittently attempted to reach a compromise with the Arabs, but none proved possible.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1936–1939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine"><span id="1936.E2.80.931939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine"></span>1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/1936%E2%80%931939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine" title="1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine">1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arab_general_strike_(Mandatory_Palestine)" title="Arab general strike (Mandatory Palestine)">Arab general strike (Mandatory Palestine)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ALA-Qawuqji3rdright.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/ALA-Qawuqji3rdright.jpg/240px-ALA-Qawuqji3rdright.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/ALA-Qawuqji3rdright.jpg/360px-ALA-Qawuqji3rdright.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/ALA-Qawuqji3rdright.jpg 2x" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fawzi_al-Qawuqji" title="Fawzi al-Qawuqji">Fawzi al-Qawuqji</a> (third from the right) in 1936</figcaption></figure> <p>The peasant-led <a href="/wiki/1936%E2%80%931939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine" title="1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine">1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine</a> broke out in the context of increased Jewish migration to Palestine and the plight of the rural native <i><a href="/wiki/Fellah" title="Fellah">fallāḥīn</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It sparked following the murder of three Jewish drivers on April 15, 1936, whose funeral led rapidly spreading disturbances.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The revolt began with a <a href="/wiki/Arab_general_strike_(Mandatory_Palestine)" title="Arab general strike (Mandatory Palestine)">general strike</a> among Palestinian Arabs on April 19, 1936, which escalated into intercommunal violence.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The brutal suppression of the revolt by the British significantly weakened the Palestinian Arabs in advance of the 1948 war.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jewish_insurgency_in_Mandatory_Palestine">Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jewish_insurgency_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine">Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_(GPO)_-_The_ruins_of_Jerusalem%27s_%22King_David%22_hotel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_The_ruins_of_Jerusalem%27s_%22King_David%22_hotel.jpg/180px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_The_ruins_of_Jerusalem%27s_%22King_David%22_hotel.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_The_ruins_of_Jerusalem%27s_%22King_David%22_hotel.jpg/270px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_The_ruins_of_Jerusalem%27s_%22King_David%22_hotel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_The_ruins_of_Jerusalem%27s_%22King_David%22_hotel.jpg/360px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_The_ruins_of_Jerusalem%27s_%22King_David%22_hotel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/King_David_Hotel_bombing" title="King David Hotel bombing">King David Hotel bombing</a> committed by the Irgun in 1946</figcaption></figure> <p>Particularly after the <a href="/wiki/White_Paper_of_1939" title="White Paper of 1939">White Paper of 1939</a>, the Zionist paramilitary organizations <a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lehi_(militant_group)" title="Lehi (militant group)">Lehi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a> carried out a campaign of acts of <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terror</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sabotage" title="Sabotage">sabotage</a> against British rule. Among these attacks was the 1946 <a href="/wiki/King_David_Hotel_bombing" title="King David Hotel bombing">King David Hotel bombing</a> carried out by the Irgun which killed 91 people.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Arab_states">The Arab states</h3></div> <p>Following World War II, the surrounding Arab states were emerging from <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_mandate" title="League of Nations mandate">mandatory</a> rule. <a href="/wiki/Jordan#Post-independence" title="Jordan">Transjordan</a>, under the <a href="/wiki/Hashemites" title="Hashemites">Hashemite</a> ruler <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_I_of_Jordan" title="Abdullah I of Jordan">Abdullah I</a>, gained independence from Britain in 1946 and was called <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> in 1949, but remained under heavy British influence. <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Egypt</a> gained nominal independence in 1922, but Britain continued to exert a strong influence on it until the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_Treaty_of_1936" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936">Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936</a> limited Britain's presence to a garrison of troops on the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> until 1945. Lebanon became an independent state in 1943, but French troops did not withdraw until 1946, the same year Syria won its independence from France. </p><p>In 1945, at British prompting, Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, Syria, Transjordan, and <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> formed the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> to coordinate policy among the Arab states. Iraq and Transjordan coordinated closely, signing a mutual defence treaty, while Egypt, Syria, and Saudi Arabia feared that Transjordan would annex part or all of Palestine and use it as a stepping stone to attack or undermine Syria, Lebanon, and the <a href="/wiki/Hijaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Hijaz">Hijaz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_1947_UN_Partition_Plan">The 1947 UN Partition Plan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1947_UN_Partition_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="1947 UN Partition Plan">1947 UN Partition Plan</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UN_Partition_Plan_For_Palestine_1947.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/UN_Partition_Plan_For_Palestine_1947.png/139px-UN_Partition_Plan_For_Palestine_1947.png" decoding="async" width="139" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/UN_Partition_Plan_For_Palestine_1947.png/209px-UN_Partition_Plan_For_Palestine_1947.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/UN_Partition_Plan_For_Palestine_1947.png/278px-UN_Partition_Plan_For_Palestine_1947.png 2x" data-file-width="627" data-file-height="1147" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/1947_UN_Partition_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="1947 UN Partition Plan">1947 UN Partition Plan</a> recommended dividing Palestine into a Jewish state and an Arab state.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 29 November 1947, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> adopted a resolution "recommending to the United Kingdom, as the mandatory Power for Palestine, and to all other Members of the United Nations the adoption and implementation, with regard to the future government of Palestine, of the Plan of Partition with Economic Union", <a href="/wiki/1947_UN_Partition_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="1947 UN Partition Plan">UN General Assembly Resolution 181(II)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was an attempt to resolve the Arab-Jewish conflict by partitioning Palestine into "Independent Arab and Jewish States and the Special International Regime for the City of Jerusalem". Each state would comprise three major sections; the Arab state would also have an enclave in <a href="/wiki/Jaffa,_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaffa, Israel">Jaffa</a>, which had an Arab-majority population and provided the Arab state with a port on the Mediterranean. </p><p>With about 32% of the population, the Jews were allocated 56% of the territory (most of it the <a href="/wiki/Negev" title="Negev">Negev</a> desert). It contained 499,000 Jews and 438,000 Arabs.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris2008p47_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris2008p47-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Palestinian Arabs were allocated 42% of the land, which had a population of 818,000 Palestinian Arabs and 10,000 Jews. In consideration of its religious significance, the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> area, including <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a>, with 100,000 Jews and an equal number of Palestinian Arabs, was to become a <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Corpus_separatum_(Jerusalem)" title="Corpus separatum (Jerusalem)">corpus separatum</a></i></span>, to be administered by the UN.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The residents in the UN-administered territory were given the right to choose to be citizens of either of the new states.<sup id="cite_ref-karsh7_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-karsh7-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Jewish leadership accepted the partition plan as "the indispensable minimum",<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> glad to gain international recognition but sorry that they did not receive more.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The representatives of the Palestinian Arabs and the Arab League firmly opposed the UN action and rejected its authority in the matter, arguing that the partition plan was unfair to the Arabs because of the population balance at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Arabs rejected the partition, not because it was supposedly unfair, but because their leaders rejected any form of partition.<sup id="cite_ref-unispal_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unispal-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-morris2008p67_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morris2008p67-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They held "that the rule of Palestine should revert to its inhabitants, in accordance with the provisions of ... the Charter of the United Nations". According to <a href="/wiki/Charter_of_the_United_Nations#Article_73" title="Charter of the United Nations">Article 73b</a> of the Charter, the UN should develop self-government of the peoples in a territory under its administration. In the immediate aftermath of the UN's approval of the partition plan, explosions of joy in the Jewish community were counterbalanced by discontent in the Arab community. Soon after, violence broke out and became more prevalent. Murders, reprisals, and counter-reprisals came fast upon each other, resulting in dozens killed on both sides. The sanguinary impasse persisted as no force intervened to put a stop to the escalating violence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_phase:_1947–1948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine"><span id="First_phase:_1947.E2.80.931948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine"></span>First phase: 1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine">1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ben_Yehuda_bombing_1948.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Ben_Yehuda_bombing_1948.jpg/200px-Ben_Yehuda_bombing_1948.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Ben_Yehuda_bombing_1948.jpg/300px-Ben_Yehuda_bombing_1948.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Ben_Yehuda_bombing_1948.jpg/400px-Ben_Yehuda_bombing_1948.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1799" /></a><figcaption>Aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Ben_Yehuda_Street_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben Yehuda Street bombing">Ben Yehuda Street bombing</a>, February 1948</figcaption></figure> <p>The first phase of the war took place from the United Nations General Assembly vote for the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">Partition Plan for Palestine</a> on 29 November 1947 until the termination of the <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandate</a> and Israeli proclamation of statehood on 14 May 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period the Jewish and Arab communities of the British Mandate clashed, while the British organised their withdrawal and intervened only occasionally. In the first two months of the Civil War, around 1,000 people were killed and 2,000 injured,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by the end of March, the figure had risen to 2,000 dead and 4,000 wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-gelber85_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gelber85-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These figures correspond to an average of more than 100 deaths and 200 casualties per week in a population of 2,000,000. </p><p>From January onwards, operations became increasingly militarised. A number of <a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Army" title="Arab Liberation Army">Arab Liberation Army</a> regiments infiltrated Palestine, each active in a variety of distinct sectors around the coastal towns. They consolidated their presence in <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Yoav_Gelber_2006_pp.51-56_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yoav_Gelber_2006_pp.51-56-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Holy_War" title="Army of the Holy War">Army of the Holy War</a>, under <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Qadir_al-Husayni" title="Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni">Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni</a>'s command, came from Egypt with several hundred men. Having recruited a few thousand volunteers, al-Husayni organised the blockade of the 100,000 Jewish residents of Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-Larry_Collins_1971_p.7_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larry_Collins_1971_p.7-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_20804_The_Palmach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/PikiWiki_Israel_20804_The_Palmach.jpg/220px-PikiWiki_Israel_20804_The_Palmach.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/PikiWiki_Israel_20804_The_Palmach.jpg/330px-PikiWiki_Israel_20804_The_Palmach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/PikiWiki_Israel_20804_The_Palmach.jpg/440px-PikiWiki_Israel_20804_The_Palmach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2980" data-file-height="2120" /></a><figcaption>Arab fighters in front of a burning Haganah armoured supply truck near the city of Jerusalem, March 1948.</figcaption></figure> <p>To counter this, the <a href="/wiki/Yishuv" title="Yishuv">Yishuv</a> authorities tried to supply the city with convoys of up to 100 armoured vehicles, but the operation became more and more impractical as the number of casualties in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Jerusalem" title="Battle for Jerusalem">relief convoys</a> surged. By March, al-Husayni's tactic had paid off. Almost all of <a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a>'s armoured vehicles had been destroyed, the blockade was in full operation, and hundreds of Haganah members who had tried to bring supplies into the city were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-Benny_Morris_2003_p.163_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benny_Morris_2003_p.163-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The situation for those in the Jewish settlements in the highly isolated <a href="/wiki/Negev" title="Negev">Negev</a> and North of Galilee was more critical. </p><p>This caused the US to withdraw its support for the Partition Plan, and the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> began to believe that the Palestinian Arabs, reinforced by the Arab Liberation Army, could end the partition. The British decided on 7 February 1948 to support Transjordan's annexation of the Arab part of Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-Henry_Laurens_2005_p.83_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henry_Laurens_2005_p.83-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the Jewish population was ordered to hold their ground everywhere at all costs,<sup id="cite_ref-Larry_Collins_1971_p.163_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larry_Collins_1971_p.163-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Arab population was disrupted by general conditions of insecurity. Up to 100,000 Arabs from the urban upper and middle classes in Haifa, Jaffa and Jerusalem, or Jewish-dominated areas, evacuated abroad or to Arab centres to the east.<sup id="cite_ref-Benny_Morris_2003_p.67_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benny_Morris_2003_p.67-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plan_Dalet_and_second_stage">Plan Dalet and second stage</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Plan_Dalet" title="Plan Dalet">Plan Dalet</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Haifa_1948_expulsion.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Haifa_1948_expulsion.webp/240px-Haifa_1948_expulsion.webp.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Haifa_1948_expulsion.webp/360px-Haifa_1948_expulsion.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Haifa_1948_expulsion.webp/480px-Haifa_1948_expulsion.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="488" /></a><figcaption>Arab residents being expelled during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haifa_(1948)" title="Battle of Haifa (1948)">Battle of Haifa</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a> ordered <a href="/wiki/Yigal_Yadin" class="mw-redirect" title="Yigal Yadin">Yigal Yadin</a> to plan for the announced intervention of the Arab states. The result of his analysis was <a href="/wiki/Plan_Dalet" title="Plan Dalet">Plan Dalet</a>, which was put in place at the start of April, and which marked the war's second phase,<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which the Haganah took the offensive.<sup id="cite_ref-morris1948-118_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morris1948-118-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first operation, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Nachshon" title="Operation Nachshon">Nachshon</a>, was directed at lifting the blockade on <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1948)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1948)">Jerusalem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-morris2008p116_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morris2008p116-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the last week of March, 136 supply trucks had tried to reach Jerusalem; only 41 had made it. The Arab attacks on communications and roads had intensified. The convoys' failure and the loss of Jewish armoured vehicles had shaken the Yishuv leaders' confidence. </p><p>1,500 men from Haganah's Givati brigade and <a href="/wiki/Palmach" title="Palmach">Palmach</a>'s Harel brigade conducted sorties to free up the route to the city between 5 April and 20 April. The operation was successful, and two months' worth of foodstuffs were trucked into Jerusalem for distribution to the Jewish population.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The operation's success was aided by al-Husayni's death in combat. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kastal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Kastal.jpg/199px-Kastal.jpg" decoding="async" width="199" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Kastal.jpg/299px-Kastal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Kastal.jpg/398px-Kastal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="1732" /></a><figcaption>Palestinian irregulars of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_War_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy War Army">Holy War Army</a>, approaching <a href="/wiki/Al_Qastal,_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Qastal, Palestine">al-Qastal</a> village near Jerusalem to take it back from Palmach</figcaption></figure> <p>During this time, paramilitary groups <a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lehi_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lehi (group)">Lehi</a>, supported by the Haganah and Palmach,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> perpetrated the <a href="/wiki/Deir_Yassin_massacre" title="Deir Yassin massacre">Deir Yassin massacre</a>, killing at least 107 Arab villagers, including women and children. The event was widely publicized and had a deep effect on the Arab population's morale, greatly contributing to the <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">Palestinian expulsion and flight</a>. At the same time, the first<sup id="cite_ref-Benny_Morris_2003_pp.242-243_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benny_Morris_2003_pp.242-243-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> large-scale operation of the Arab Liberation Army ended in a debacle, as they were roundly defeated at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mishmar_HaEmek" title="Battle of Mishmar HaEmek">Mishmar HaEmek</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Benny_Morris_2003_pp.242-243_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benny_Morris_2003_pp.242-243-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> allies left them through defection.<sup id="cite_ref-Benny_Morris_2003_p.242_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benny_Morris_2003_p.242-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Destruction_in_Manshiya_1948.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Destruction_in_Manshiya_1948.jpg/240px-Destruction_in_Manshiya_1948.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Destruction_in_Manshiya_1948.jpg/360px-Destruction_in_Manshiya_1948.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Destruction_in_Manshiya_1948.jpg/480px-Destruction_in_Manshiya_1948.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="752" /></a><figcaption>Destroyed buildings in the <a href="/wiki/Manshiya" title="Manshiya">Manshiya</a> quarter of Jaffa, May 1948</figcaption></figure> <p>As part of Plan Dalet, the Haganah, Palmach and Irgun captured the urban centers of <a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a> (See: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haifa_(1948)" title="Battle of Haifa (1948)">Battle of Haifa</a>), <a href="/wiki/Safed" title="Safed">Safed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Beisan">Beisan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a>, violently expelling more than 250,000 Palestinian Arabs.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The British had essentially withdrawn their troops. The situation pushed the neighbouring Arab states to intervene, but their preparation was not completed, and they could not assemble sufficient forces to turn the tide of the war. The majority of Palestinian Arab hopes lay with the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Legion" title="Arab Legion">Arab Legion</a> of Transjordan's monarch, King <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_I_of_Jordan" title="Abdullah I of Jordan">Abdullah I</a>. He did not intend to create a Palestinian Arab-run state, as he hoped to annex much of Mandatory Palestine. Playing both sides, he was in contact with the Jewish authorities and the Arab League. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Preparing for Arab intervention from neighbouring states, Haganah successfully launched Operations <a href="/wiki/Operation_Yiftach" title="Operation Yiftach">Yiftah</a><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Ben_Ami" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Ben Ami">Ben-'Ami</a><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to secure the Jewish settlements of <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Kilshon" title="Operation Kilshon">Operation Kilshon</a>. This created an Israeli-controlled front around Jerusalem. The inconclusive meeting between <a href="/wiki/Golda_Meir" title="Golda Meir">Golda Meir</a> and Abdullah I, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Kfar_Etzion_massacre" title="Kfar Etzion massacre">Kfar Etzion massacre</a> on 13 May by the Arab Legion, led to predictions that the battle for Jerusalem would be merciless. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_phase:_1948_Arab–Israeli_War"><span id="Second_phase:_1948_Arab.E2.80.93Israeli_War"></span>Second phase: 1948 Arab–Israeli War</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arab_League_entry">Arab League entry</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clause_10_of_Cablegram_dated_15_May_1948_addressed_to_the_Secretary-General_by_the_Secretary-General_of_the_League_of_Arab_States.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Clause_10_of_Cablegram_dated_15_May_1948_addressed_to_the_Secretary-General_by_the_Secretary-General_of_the_League_of_Arab_States.jpg/220px-Clause_10_of_Cablegram_dated_15_May_1948_addressed_to_the_Secretary-General_by_the_Secretary-General_of_the_League_of_Arab_States.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="410" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Clause_10_of_Cablegram_dated_15_May_1948_addressed_to_the_Secretary-General_by_the_Secretary-General_of_the_League_of_Arab_States.jpg/330px-Clause_10_of_Cablegram_dated_15_May_1948_addressed_to_the_Secretary-General_by_the_Secretary-General_of_the_League_of_Arab_States.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Clause_10_of_Cablegram_dated_15_May_1948_addressed_to_the_Secretary-General_by_the_Secretary-General_of_the_League_of_Arab_States.jpg/440px-Clause_10_of_Cablegram_dated_15_May_1948_addressed_to_the_Secretary-General_by_the_Secretary-General_of_the_League_of_Arab_States.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1284" data-file-height="2393" /></a><figcaption>Clause 10 of the 15 May 1948 <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> cablegram stating the reasons for their entry into the territory</figcaption></figure> <p>On 14 May 1948, the day before the expiration of the British Mandate, David Ben-Gurion declared the establishment of a Jewish state in <a href="/wiki/Eretz_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Eretz Israel">Eretz Israel</a>, to be known as the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Israel">State of Israel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both <a href="/wiki/Superpower" title="Superpower">superpower</a> leaders, U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> and Soviet leader <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>, immediately recognised the new state, while the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> refused to accept the UN Partition Plan, proclaimed the right of self-determination for the Arabs across the whole of Palestine, and maintained that the absence of legal authority made it necessary to intervene to protect Arab lives and property.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Palestinians' <a href="/wiki/Arab_Higher_Committee" title="Arab Higher Committee">Arab Higher Committee</a> rejected the Partition Resolution and any kind of Jewish state and refused to negotiate with "the Zionist Project."<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Israel_and_Palestine_1st_June_1948-EN.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Israel_and_Palestine_1st_June_1948-EN.svg/168px-Israel_and_Palestine_1st_June_1948-EN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="168" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Israel_and_Palestine_1st_June_1948-EN.svg/252px-Israel_and_Palestine_1st_June_1948-EN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Israel_and_Palestine_1st_June_1948-EN.svg/336px-Israel_and_Palestine_1st_June_1948-EN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="1075" /></a><figcaption>Map of the military situation as of June 1st 1948</figcaption></figure> <p>Over the next few days, contingents of four of the seven countries of the Arab League at that time, Egypt, Iraq, Transjordan, and Syria, invaded the former British Mandate of Palestine and fought the Israelis. They were supported by the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Army" title="Arab Liberation Army">Arab Liberation Army</a> and corps of volunteers from <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>. The Arab armies launched a simultaneous offensive on all fronts: Egyptian forces invaded from the south, Jordanian and Iraqi forces from the east, and Syrian forces invaded from the north. Cooperation among the various Arab armies was poor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_truce:_11_June_–_8_July_1948"><span id="First_truce:_11_June_.E2.80.93_8_July_1948"></span>First truce: 11 June – 8 July 1948</h3></div> <p>The UN declared a truce on 29 May, which began on 11 June and lasted 28 days. The <a href="/wiki/Ceasefire" title="Ceasefire">ceasefire</a> was overseen by UN mediator <a href="/wiki/Folke_Bernadotte" title="Folke Bernadotte">Folke Bernadotte</a> and a team of UN Observers, army officers from Belgium, United States, Sweden and France. Bernadotte was voted in by the General Assembly to "assure the safety of the holy places, to safeguard the well being of the population, and to promote 'a peaceful adjustment of the future situation of Palestine<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>".<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He spoke of "peace by Christmas" but saw that the Arab world had continued to reject the existence of a Jewish state, whatever its borders.<sup id="cite_ref-Moris2008p269_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moris2008p269-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An arms embargo was declared with the intention that neither side would make gains from the truce. Neither side respected the truce; both found ways around the restrictions. Both the Israelis and the Arabs used this time to improve their positions, a direct violation of the terms of the ceasefire. </p><p>"The Arabs violated the truce by reinforcing their lines with fresh units (including six companies of Sudanese regulars,<sup id="cite_ref-Moris2008p269_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moris2008p269-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a Saudi battalion <sup id="cite_ref-Moris2008p322_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moris2008p322-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and contingents from Yemen and Morocco <sup id="cite_ref-Moris2008p205_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moris2008p205-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and by preventing supplies from reaching isolated Israeli settlements; occasionally, they opened fire along the lines".<sup id="cite_ref-Morris_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Israeli Defense Forces violated the truce by acquiring weapons from <a href="/wiki/History_of_Czechoslovakia_(1948-1989)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Czechoslovakia (1948-1989)">Czechoslovakia</a>, improving the training of its forces, and reorganising the army. <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a>, an IDF commander who would later become Israel's fifth prime minister, said, "[w]ithout the arms from Czechoslovakia... it is very doubtful whether we would have been able to conduct the war".<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As well as violating the arms and personnel embargo, both sides sent fresh units to the front.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israel's army increased its manpower from approximately 30,000 or 35,000 men to almost 65,000 during the truce<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="something is wrong. rifles for half of the soldiers only? (June 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and its arms supply to "more than twenty-five thousand rifles, five thousand machine guns, and more than fifty million bullets".<sup id="cite_ref-Morris_86-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RWD_13_-_Air_dropping_supplies_to_Yehiam,_1948.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/RWD_13_-_Air_dropping_supplies_to_Yehiam%2C_1948.jpg/220px-RWD_13_-_Air_dropping_supplies_to_Yehiam%2C_1948.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/RWD_13_-_Air_dropping_supplies_to_Yehiam%2C_1948.jpg/330px-RWD_13_-_Air_dropping_supplies_to_Yehiam%2C_1948.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/RWD_13_-_Air_dropping_supplies_to_Yehiam%2C_1948.jpg/440px-RWD_13_-_Air_dropping_supplies_to_Yehiam%2C_1948.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="444" /></a><figcaption>Israeli forces air dropping supplies to besieged <a href="/wiki/Yehiam" title="Yehiam">Yehiam</a>, 1948</figcaption></figure> <p>As the truce began, a British officer stationed in Haifa said the four-week-long truce "would certainly be exploited by the Jews to continue military training and reorganization while the Arabs would waste [them] feuding over the future divisions of the spoils".<sup id="cite_ref-Morris_86-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 7 July, the day before the truce expired, Egyptian forces under General <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Naguib" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Naguib">Muhammad Naguib</a> renewed the war by attacking <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Negba" title="Battles of Negba">Negba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Knopf330_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knopf330-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_phase:_8–18_July_1948"><span id="Second_phase:_8.E2.80.9318_July_1948"></span>Second phase: 8–18 July 1948</h3></div> <p>Israeli forces launched a simultaneous offensive on all three fronts: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Danny" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Danny">Dani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Dekel" title="Operation Dekel">Dekel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Kedem" title="Operation Kedem">Kedem</a>. The fighting was dominated by large-scale Israeli offensives and a defensive Arab posture and continued for ten days until the UN Security Council issued the Second Truce on 18 July.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris_86-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palestinians_in_Ramle_1948_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Palestinians_in_Ramle_1948_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Palestinians_in_Ramle_1948_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Palestinians_in_Ramle_1948_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Palestinians_in_Ramle_1948_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Palestinians_in_Ramle_1948_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Palestinians_in_Ramle_1948_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Detained Palestinians during the <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_from_Lydda_and_Ramle" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion from Lydda and Ramle">expulsion from Ramle</a>, July 1948</figcaption></figure> <p>Israeli <a href="/wiki/Operation_Dani" title="Operation Dani">Operation Dani</a> resulted in the <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_from_Lydda_and_Ramle" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion from Lydda and Ramle">expulsion from Lydda and Ramle</a> of 60,000 Palestinian residents. According to Benny Morris, in Ben-Gurion's view, Ramlah and Lydda constituted a special danger because their proximity might encourage cooperation between the Egyptian army, which had started its attack on Kibbutz Negbah, and the Arab Legion, which had taken the Lydda police station. Widespread looting took place during these operations, and about 100,000 Palestinians became refugees.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Operation Dekel, <a href="/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth">Nazareth</a> was captured on 16 July. In Operation Brosh, Israel tried and failed to drive the Syrian army out of northeastern <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a>. By the time the second truce took effect at 19:00 18 July, Israel had taken the lower Galilee from <a href="/wiki/Haifa_Bay" title="Haifa Bay">Haifa Bay</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a>. </p><p>With smuggled <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-17_Flying_Fortress" title="Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress">Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress</a> planes acquired in violation of the international arms embargo, Israel <a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Cairo" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombardment of Cairo">bombed a residential neighborhood in Cairo</a> on July 15.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:23_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="18_July_1948_–_10_March_1949"><span id="18_July_1948_.E2.80.93_10_March_1949"></span>18 July 1948 – 10 March 1949</h3></div> <p>At 19:00 on 18 July, the second truce of the conflict went into effect after intense diplomatic efforts by the UN. On 16 September, a new partition plan for Palestine was proposed but it was rejected by both sides. </p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 124.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 122.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palmach_Beersheba_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palmach Infantry go into action during the fight for Beersheba, 21 October"><img alt="Palmach Infantry go into action during the fight for Beersheba, 21 October" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Palmach_Beersheba_II.jpg/184px-Palmach_Beersheba_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="123" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Palmach_Beersheba_II.jpg/276px-Palmach_Beersheba_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Palmach_Beersheba_II.jpg/369px-Palmach_Beersheba_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1380" data-file-height="1348" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Palmach Infantry go into action during the fight for <a href="/wiki/Beersheba" title="Beersheba">Beersheba</a>, 21 October</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 188px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 186px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Israeli_soldiers_in_battle_with_the_Arab_village_of_Sassa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Israeli soldiers attack Sasa during Operation Hiram, October"><img alt="Israeli soldiers attack Sasa during Operation Hiram, October" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Israeli_soldiers_in_battle_with_the_Arab_village_of_Sassa.jpg/279px-Israeli_soldiers_in_battle_with_the_Arab_village_of_Sassa.jpg" decoding="async" width="186" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Israeli_soldiers_in_battle_with_the_Arab_village_of_Sassa.jpg/418px-Israeli_soldiers_in_battle_with_the_Arab_village_of_Sassa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Israeli_soldiers_in_battle_with_the_Arab_village_of_Sassa.jpg/558px-Israeli_soldiers_in_battle_with_the_Arab_village_of_Sassa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="1984" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Israeli soldiers attack <a href="/wiki/Sa%27sa%27" title="Sa'sa'">Sasa</a> during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Hiram" title="Operation Hiram">Operation Hiram</a>, October</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beit_Natif_1948.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="IDF forces near Beit Natif (near Hebron) after it was occupied, October"><img alt="IDF forces near Beit Natif (near Hebron) after it was occupied, October" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Beit_Natif_1948.jpg/270px-Beit_Natif_1948.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Beit_Natif_1948.jpg/405px-Beit_Natif_1948.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Beit_Natif_1948.jpg/540px-Beit_Natif_1948.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">IDF forces near <a href="/wiki/Beit_Natif" class="mw-redirect" title="Beit Natif">Beit Natif</a> (near Hebron) after it was occupied, October</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 239.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 237.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iraq_Suwaydan_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Israeli bombardment of the Iraq Suwaydan fort, held by the Egyptian army, on 9 November"><img alt="Israeli bombardment of the Iraq Suwaydan fort, held by the Egyptian army, on 9 November" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Iraq_Suwaydan_1.jpg/356px-Iraq_Suwaydan_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Iraq_Suwaydan_1.jpg/534px-Iraq_Suwaydan_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Iraq_Suwaydan_1.jpg/712px-Iraq_Suwaydan_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3246" data-file-height="1643" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Israeli bombardment of the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_Suwaydan" title="Iraq Suwaydan">Iraq Suwaydan</a> fort, held by the Egyptian army, on 9 November</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 157.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 155.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palmach-negev-instructed2operation.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palmach soldiers are instructed before Operation Yoav"><img alt="Palmach soldiers are instructed before Operation Yoav" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Palmach-negev-instructed2operation.jpg/233px-Palmach-negev-instructed2operation.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Palmach-negev-instructed2operation.jpg/349px-Palmach-negev-instructed2operation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Palmach-negev-instructed2operation.jpg/466px-Palmach-negev-instructed2operation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3758" data-file-height="2906" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Palmach soldiers are instructed before <a href="/wiki/Operation_Yoav" title="Operation Yoav">Operation Yoav</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 190px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 188px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Negev_Brigade.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Negev Brigade prior to Operation Horev"><img alt="Negev Brigade prior to Operation Horev" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Negev_Brigade.jpg/282px-Negev_Brigade.jpg" decoding="async" width="188" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Negev_Brigade.jpg/423px-Negev_Brigade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Negev_Brigade.jpg/564px-Negev_Brigade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3276" data-file-height="2092" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Negev_Brigade" title="Negev Brigade">Negev Brigade</a> prior to <a href="/wiki/Operation_Horev" title="Operation Horev">Operation Horev</a></div> </li> </ul></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaukji-armored-car-1948.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Kaukji-armored-car-1948.jpg/220px-Kaukji-armored-car-1948.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Kaukji-armored-car-1948.jpg/330px-Kaukji-armored-car-1948.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Kaukji-armored-car-1948.jpg/440px-Kaukji-armored-car-1948.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4306" data-file-height="4252" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Otter_Light_Reconnaissance_Car" class="mw-redirect" title="Otter Light Reconnaissance Car">Otter</a> armoured car captured by the <a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a> from the ALA in 1948</figcaption></figure> <p>During the truce, the Egyptians regularly blocked the passage of supply convoys to the beleaguered northern Negev settlements by firing on them, contrary to the truce terms. On 15 October, they attacked another supply convoy, and the already planned <a href="/wiki/Operation_Yoav" title="Operation Yoav">Operation Yoav</a> was launched.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its goal was to drive a wedge between the Egyptian forces along the coast and the <a href="/wiki/Beersheba" title="Beersheba">Beersheba</a>-<a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a>-Jerusalem road, and to open the road to the encircled <a href="/wiki/Negev" title="Negev">Negev</a> settlements. Yoav was headed by Southern Front commander <a href="/wiki/Yigal_Allon" title="Yigal Allon">Yigal Allon</a>. The operation was a success, shattering the Egyptian army ranks and forcing Egyptian forces to retreat from the northern Negev, Beersheba, and <a href="/wiki/Ashdod" title="Ashdod">Ashdod</a>. Meanwhile, on 19 October, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Ha-Har" title="Operation Ha-Har">Operation Ha-Har</a> commenced operations in the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Corridor" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Corridor">Jerusalem Corridor</a>. </p><p>On 22 October, the third truce went into effect.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before dawn on 22 October, in defiance of the UN Security Council ceasefire order, <a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Army" title="Arab Liberation Army">ALA</a> units stormed the IDF hilltop position of Sheikh Abd, overlooking <a href="/wiki/Kibbutz" title="Kibbutz">Kibbutz</a> <a href="/wiki/Manara,_Israel" title="Manara, Israel">Manara</a>. The kibbutz was now besieged. Ben-Gurion initially rejected <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Carmel" title="Moshe Carmel">Moshe Carmel</a>’s demand to launch a major counteroffensive. He was wary of antagonising the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> on the heels of its ceasefire order. During 24–25 October, ALA troops regularly sniped at Manara and traffic along the main road. In contacts with UN observers, <a href="/wiki/Fawzi_al-Qawuqji" title="Fawzi al-Qawuqji">Fawzi al-Qawuqji</a> demanded that Israel evacuate neighbouring Kibbutz <a href="/wiki/Yiftah" title="Yiftah">Yiftah</a> and thin out its forces in Manara. The IDF demanded the ALA's withdrawal from the captured positions and, after a "no" from al-Qawuqji, informed the UN that it felt free to do as it pleased.<sup id="cite_ref-morris2008p339_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morris2008p339-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 24 October, the IDF launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Hiram" title="Operation Hiram">Operation Hiram</a> and captured the entire upper Galilee, originally attributed to the Arab state by the Partition Plan. It drove the ALA back to Lebanon. At the end of the month, Israel had captured the whole Galilee and had advanced 5 miles (8.0 km) into Lebanon to the <a href="/wiki/Litani_River" title="Litani River">Litani River</a>. </p><p>On 22 December, large IDF forces started <a href="/wiki/Operation_Horev" title="Operation Horev">Operation Horev</a>. Its objective was to encircle the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Army" title="Egyptian Army">Egyptian Army</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> and force the Egyptians to end the war. The operation was a decisive Israeli victory, and Israeli raids into the <a href="/wiki/Nitzana,_Israel" title="Nitzana, Israel">Nitzana</a> area and the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a> forced the Egyptian army into the Gaza Strip, where it was surrounded. Israeli forces withdrew from Sinai and Gaza under international pressure and after the British threatened to intervene against Israel. The Egyptian government announced on 6 January 1949 that it was willing to enter armistice negotiations. Allon persuaded Ben-Gurion to continue as planned, but Ben-Gurion told him: "Do you know the value of peace talks with Egypt? After all, that is our great dream!"<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was sure that Transjordan and the other Arab states would follow suit. On 7 January 1949, a truce was achieved. </p><p>On 5 March, Israel launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Uvda" title="Operation Uvda">Operation Uvda</a>; by 10 March, the Israelis reached Umm Rashrash (where <a href="/wiki/Eilat" title="Eilat">Eilat</a> was built later) and took it without a battle. The <a href="/wiki/Negev_Brigade" title="Negev Brigade">Negev Brigade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Golani_Brigade" title="Golani Brigade">Golani Brigade</a> took part in the operation. They raised a hand-made flag ("<a href="/wiki/The_Ink_Flag" class="mw-redirect" title="The Ink Flag">The Ink Flag</a>") and claimed Umm Rashrash for Israel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Israeli_usage_of_biological_warfare">Israeli usage of biological warfare</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Cast_Thy_Bread" title="Operation Cast Thy Bread">Operation Cast Thy Bread</a></div> <p>Research by Israeli historians <a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Benny Morris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Kedar" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Kedar">Benjamin Kedar</a> show that during the 1948 war, Israel conducted a <a href="/wiki/Operation_Cast_Thy_Bread" title="Operation Cast Thy Bread">biological warfare operation codenamed Cast Thy Bread</a>. According to Morris and Kedar, the Haganah initially used typhoid bacteria to contaminate water wells in newly cleared Arab villages to prevent the population including militiamen from returning. Later, the biological warfare campaign expanded to include Jewish settlements that were in imminent danger of being captured by Arab troops and inhabited Arab towns not slated for capture. There were also plans to expand the biological warfare campaign into other Arab states including Egypt, Lebanon and Syria, but they were not carried out.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armistice_lines">Armistice lines</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cia-is-map2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Cia-is-map2.png/150px-Cia-is-map2.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Cia-is-map2.png/225px-Cia-is-map2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Cia-is-map2.png/300px-Cia-is-map2.png 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="715" /></a><figcaption>Israel after the <a href="/wiki/1949_Armistice_Agreements" title="1949 Armistice Agreements">1949 Armistice Agreements</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1949, Israel signed separate <a href="/wiki/Armistice" title="Armistice">armistices</a> with Egypt on 24 February, Lebanon on 23 March, Transjordan on 3 April, and Syria on 20 July. The armistice lines saw Israel holding about 78% of Mandatory Palestine (as it stood after the independence of Transjordan in 1946), 22% more than the UN Partition Plan had allocated. These ceasefire lines were known afterwards as the "<a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)" title="Green Line (Israel)">Green Line</a>". The Gaza Strip and the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> were occupied by Egypt and Transjordan, respectively. The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Truce_Supervision_Organization" title="United Nations Truce Supervision Organization">United Nations Truce Supervision Organization</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mixed_Armistice_Commissions" title="Mixed Armistice Commissions">Mixed Armistice Commissions</a> were set up to monitor ceasefires, supervise the armistice agreements, to prevent isolated incidents from escalating, and assist other UN peacekeeping operations in the region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Casualties">Casualties</h3></div> <p>Israel lost 6,373 people, about 1% of its population, in the war. About 4,000 were soldiers and the rest were civilians. The exact number of Arab losses is unknown but is estimated at between 4,000 for Egypt (2,000), Jordan and Syria (1,000 each) and 15,000.<sup id="cite_ref-CC_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CC-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Benny Morris</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-morris-2007-p406_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morris-2007-p406-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Given that the first half of the war involved hostilities between militias based in a large number of interspersed civilian communities, the conquest of some two hundred villages and urban centers, and the later conquest of two hundred additional villages, 1948 is actually noteworthy for the relatively small number of civilian casualties both in the battles themselves and in the atrocities that accompanied them or followed (compare this, for example, to the casualty rates and atrocities in the Yugoslav wars of the 1990s or the Sudanese civil wars of the past fifty years).</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demographic_consequences">Demographic consequences</h3></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%9348_Civil_War_in_Mandatory_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine">1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine</a> and the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a> that followed, around 700,000 <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian people">Palestinian Arabs</a> <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Palestinian exodus">fled or were expelled</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-refugees_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refugees-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1951, the UN Conciliation Commission for Palestine estimated that the number of Palestinian refugees displaced from Israel was 711,000.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This number did not include displaced Palestinians inside Israeli-held territory. The <a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_depopulated_during_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="List of villages depopulated during the Arab–Israeli conflict">list of villages depopulated during the Arab–Israeli conflict</a> includes more than 400 Arab villages. It also includes about ten Jewish villages and neighbourhoods. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Causes_of_the_1948_Palestinian_exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="Causes of the 1948 Palestinian exodus">causes of the 1948 Palestinian exodus</a> are a controversial topic among historians.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian refugee">Palestinian refugee</a> problem and the debate around the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_right_of_return" title="Palestinian right of return">right of their return</a> are also major issues of the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a>. Palestinians have staged <a href="/wiki/Nakba_Day" title="Nakba Day">annual demonstrations and protests</a> on 15 May of each year. </p><p>During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, around 10,000 Jews were forced to evacuate their homes in Palestine or Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The war indirectly resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_exodus_from_Arab_and_Muslim_lands" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim lands">Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim lands</a>. Largely because of the war between Jews and Arabs in Palestine, hundreds of thousands of Jews who lived in the Arab states were intimidated into flight, or were expelled from their native countries, most of them reaching Israel. The immediate reasons for this exodus were both the popular Arab hostility, including pogroms and anti-Jewish governmental measures,<sup id="cite_ref-Morris2008p412_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris2008p412-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the desire of many Jewish people to join the newly established State of Israel. In the three years following the war, about 700,000 Jews immigrated to Israel, where they were absorbed, fed and housed<sup id="cite_ref-GilbertBookReview_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GilbertBookReview-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mainly along the borders and in former Palestinian lands.<sup id="cite_ref-Benny_Morris_p._VI_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benny_Morris_p._VI-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning in 1948, and continuing until 1972, an estimated 800,000 to 1,000,000 Jews migrated to Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-Shulewitz_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shulewitz-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Aharoni_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aharoni-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Blum1987p69_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blum1987p69-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1945 until the closure of 1952, more than 250,000 Jewish displaced persons lived in European <a href="/wiki/Displaced_persons_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Displaced persons camp">refugee camps</a>. About 136,000 of them immigrated to Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-Displaced_Persons_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Displaced_Persons-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than 270,000 Jews immigrated from Eastern Europe,<sup id="cite_ref-Tom_Segev_1949._p.96_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tom_Segev_1949._p.96-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mainly <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania#Post-War" title="History of the Jews in Romania">Romania</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Poland#Communist_rule:_1945–1989" title="History of the Jews in Poland">Poland</a> (over 100,000 each). Overall 700,000 Jews <a href="/wiki/Aliyah" title="Aliyah">settled</a> in Israel,<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> doubling its Jewish population.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historiography">Historiography</h2></div> <p>Since the war, different <a href="/wiki/Historiography" title="Historiography">historiographical</a> traditions have interpreted the events of 1948 differently; in the words of the <a href="/wiki/New_Historians" title="New Historians">New Historian</a> <a href="/wiki/Avi_Shlaim" title="Avi Shlaim">Avi Shlaim</a>, "each side subscribes to a different version of events."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Israeli narrative, the war is Israel's War of Independence.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Palestinian narrative, the War of 1948 is inextricable from the <a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a>, the Zionist movement is one of <a href="/wiki/Zionism_as_settler_colonialism" title="Zionism as settler colonialism">settler colonialism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Israelis are seen as <a href="/wiki/Conquest" title="Conquest">conquerors</a> and the Palestinians as victims.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The different narratives of 1948 reflect these different perceptions.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An issue affecting the historiography of 1948 is access to sources and archives, which may have been destroyed, appropriated, censored, or otherwise made unavailable to some or all researchers.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: xxxiv–xxxvii">: xxxiv–xxxvii </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:02_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:22_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Linguistic barriers represent another hurdle, as most research is published exclusively in the author's native language and is not translated.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_117-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 214">: 214 </span></sup> </p><p> The historiography of 1948 is tied to political <a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_(political)" title="Legitimacy (political)">legitimacy</a> in the present and has implications for the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Avraham_Sela" title="Avraham Sela">Avraham Sela</a> and Neil Caplan:</p><blockquote><p> A major reason for this grip of the past over the present is the unfulfilled quest of both Israelis and Palestinians for legitimacy, in one or more of the following three senses: (a) each party's sense of its own legitimacy as a national community entitled to its own sovereign state; (b) each party's willingness to grant legitimacy to at least part of the competing national narrative of the other; and (c) the international community's extension of legitimacy to the competing rights and claims of Israelis and Palestinians.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_118-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>The narratives of 1948 have also had implications for <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugees" title="Palestinian refugees">Palestinian refugees</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 211">: 211 </span></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israeli_narratives">Israeli narratives</h3></div> <p>Being the victors, the Israelis "were able to propagate more effectively than their opponents their version of this fateful war", in the words of Avi Shlaim.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only in 1987 was that narrative effectively challenged outside the Arab world.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Zionist_narrative">Zionist narrative</h4></div><p> Avi Shlaim gives the conventional Zionist narrative or the "old history" of the 1948 war as follows:</p><blockquote><p>The conflict between Jews and Arabs in Palestine came to a head following the passage, on 29 November 1947, of the United Nations partition resolution that called for the establishment of two states, one Jewish and one Arab. The Jews accepted the U.N. plan despite the painful sacrifices it entailed, but the Palestinians, the neighboring Arab states, and the Arab League rejected it. Great Britain did everything in its power toward the end of the Palestine Mandate to frustrate the establishment of the Jewish state envisaged in the UN. plan. With the expiry of the Mandate and the proclamation of the State of Israel, seven Arab states sent their armies into Palestine with the firm intention of strangling the Jewish state at birth. The subsequent struggle was an unequal one between a Jewish David and an Arab Goliath. The infant Jewish state fought a desperate, heroic, and ultimately successful battle for survival against overwhelming odds. During the war, hundreds of thousands of Palestinians fled to the neighboring Arab states, mainly in response to orders from their leaders and despite Jewish pleas to stay and demonstrate that peaceful coexistence was possible. After the war, the story continues, Israeli leaders sought peace with all their heart and all their might but there was no one to talk to on the other side. Arab intransigence was alone responsible for the political deadlock, which was not broken until President Anwar Sadat's visit to Jerusalem thirty years later.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>According to Shlaim, this narrative is "not history in the proper sense of the word", as most of the literature on the war was produced—not by professional academic historians—but rather by participants in the war, politicians, soldiers, and state-sponsored historians, as well as by sympathetic journalists, chroniclers, and biographers.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also portrays Israelis as morally superior, lacks political analysis, and gives undue weight to "the heroic feats of the Israeli fighters."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_historiography" title="Nationalist historiography">nationalist narrative</a> was taught in Israeli schools and used for gaining legitimacy internationally.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_Historians">New Historians</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/New_Historians" title="New Historians">New Historians</a></div> <p>The standard Zionist narrative of the war remained unchallenged outside the Arab world until the war's fortieth anniversary, when a number of critical books came out, including <a href="/wiki/Simha_Flapan" title="Simha Flapan">Simha Flapan</a>'s <i>The Birth of Israel: Myths and Realities</i> (1987), <a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Benny Morris</a>'s <i>The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem</i> (1987), <a href="/wiki/Ilan_Papp%C3%A9" title="Ilan Pappé">Ilan Pappé</a>'s <i>Britain and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1948–51</i> (1988), and Shlaim's <i>Collusion Across the Jordan: King Abdullah, the Zionist Movement and the Partition of Palestine</i> (1988).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These writers came to be known as <a href="/wiki/New_Historians" title="New Historians">New Historians</a> or "post-Zionists".<i><sup id="cite_ref-:3_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> According to Shlaim, the new historians disagreed with the Zionist narrative on six main points: British policy with regard to the Yishuv at the end of the Palestine Mandate, the military balance in 1948, the origins of the Palestinian refugee problem, the nature of relations between Israelis and Jordanians during the war, Arab aims in the war, and the reasons peace remained elusive after the war.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among their most vitriolic critics was <a href="/wiki/Shabtai_Teveth" title="Shabtai Teveth">Shabtai Teveth</a>, biographer of <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a>, who published "The New Historians", a series of four weekly full-page articles attacking the new historians, in <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a> May 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Teveth claimed that the new historiography was flawed in its practice and that it was politically motived, that it was pro-Palestinian and aimed to <a href="/wiki/Delegitimisation_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Delegitimisation of Israel">delegitimize</a> the State of Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Neo-Zionist_narratives">Neo-Zionist narratives</h4></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ilan_Papp%C3%A9" title="Ilan Pappé">Ilan Pappé</a> identifies a turn in predominant Israeli narratives about 1948 in September 2000. In the climate of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Post-9/11" title="Post-9/11">Post-9/11</a> period, "not only were Israel’s brutal military operations against the Palestinians during the new intifada seen as justified, but so was their systematic expulsion in 1948."<sup id="cite_ref-:3_120-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evidence of the expulsions, massacres, and war crimes of 1948 brought to light by the New Historians could no longer be ignored, but writers of what Pappé calls a "neo-Zionist" narrative justified these as necessary or unavoidable.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_120-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this period, the focus of Israeli historical writing on 1948 shifted largely from its human impact back to its military aspects.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_120-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neo-Zionist writers were given selective access to top-secret material, to which writers critical of Zionism would not have been given access, and much of their work was published by the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Ministry_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Ministry of Defense">Israeli Ministry of Defense</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_120-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among those Pappé associated with the neo-Zionist perspective were <a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Benny Morris</a> (who had become more outspokenly defensive of Zionism by this time), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Gutwein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Gutwein (page does not exist)">Daniel Gutwein</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%92%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" class="extiw" title="he:דניאל גוטוויין">he</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Mordechai_Bar-On" title="Mordechai Bar-On">Mordechai Bar-On</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gelber" title="Yoav Gelber">Yoav Gelber</a>, Tamir Goren, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnon_Golan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arnon Golan (page does not exist)">Arnon Golan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9F" class="extiw" title="he:ארנון גולן">he</a>]</span>, Alon Kadish, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoav_Peleg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yoav Peleg (page does not exist)">Yoav Peleg</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%90%D7%91_%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%92" class="extiw" title="he:יואב פלג">he</a>]</span>, as well as the journal <a href="/wiki/Azure_(magazine)" title="Azure (magazine)"><i>Techelet</i></a> .<sup id="cite_ref-:3_120-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palestinian_narratives">Palestinian narratives</h3></div> <p>Unlike Israeli narratives that shifted over the decades, Palestinian narratives of 1948 have been more or less constant, focusing on Palestinians' indigenous rights to Palestine, Palestinian victimhood, dispossession, displacement, exile, statelessness, and more "unrequited grievances against colonialism and Zionism."<sup id="cite_ref-:2_119-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 209–211">: 209–211 </span></sup> The term '<a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a>' to describe the Palestinian catastrophe in the war of 1948 was coined in <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Zureiq" title="Constantin Zureiq">Constantin Zureiq's</a> 1948 book <i><a href="/wiki/Ma%27na_an-Nakba" title="Ma'na an-Nakba">Ma'na an-Nakba</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gelber" title="Yoav Gelber">Yoav Gelber</a> identifies <a href="/wiki/Aref_al-Aref" title="Aref al-Aref">Arif al-Arif's</a> six volume <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=An-Nakba_(book)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="An-Nakba (book) (page does not exist)">an-Nakba</a> </i><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%A9_(%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8)" class="extiw" title="ar:النكبة (كتاب)">ar</a>]</span> written in Arabic in the 1950s as thorough and notable.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Palestinian narratives have focused on countering the dominant Zionist narrative; the preëminent Palestinian historian of 1948 <a href="/wiki/Walid_Khalidi" title="Walid Khalidi">Walid Khalidi</a> has dedicated much of his career to disproving the official Israeli narrative that the <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight</a> was voluntary.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_119-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 211">: 211 </span></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Khalidi" title="Rashid Khalidi">Rashid Khalidi</a> and other historians hold that "there is no established, authoritative Palestinian master narrative."<sup id="cite_ref-:2_119-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 212">: 212 </span></sup> They attribute this to, among other reasons, the dispersed and fragmented state of the Palestinian community and the loss, destruction, or appropriation by Israel of relevant documents and libraries.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_115-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: xxxiv–xxxvii">: xxxiv–xxxvii </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_119-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 212">: 212 </span></sup> Without access to much in the way of archival materials, Palestinian historians have made use of <a href="/wiki/Oral_history" title="Oral history">oral history</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_119-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 214">: 214 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arab_narratives">Arab narratives</h3></div> <p>In the narratives of the wider Arab-Muslim world, 1948 is seen as an "Arab debacle", representative of the region's social and political decline from its "glorious distant past".<sup id="cite_ref-:2_119-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 210">: 210 </span></sup> The official narratives of Arab states on 1948 tended to be <a href="/wiki/Apologia" title="Apologia">apologetic</a> with the goal of defending their political legitimacy, while the <a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalism" title="Arab nationalism">Arab nationalists</a> wrote with a focus on distilling and extracting historical lessons to galvanize Arab society, politics, and ideology in preparation for the next conflict with Israel—neither approach bridled itself too much with historical accuracy.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 6">: 6 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_narratives">United States narratives</h3></div> <p>The American journalist <a href="/wiki/Joan_Peters" title="Joan Peters">Joan Peters'</a> 1984 book <i><a href="/wiki/From_Time_Immemorial" title="From Time Immemorial">From Time Immemorial</a></i> had a massive impact on how 1948 was understood in popular and political narratives in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ilan_Papp%C3%A9" title="Ilan Pappé">Ilan Pappé</a> asserts the neo-Zionist narrative was pushed in the United States most passionately by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Walzer" title="Michael Walzer">Michael Walzer</a>, and by <a href="/wiki/Anita_Shapira" title="Anita Shapira">Anita Shapira</a> and <a href="/wiki/Derek_Penslar" title="Derek Penslar">Derek Penslar</a> with their 2003 <i>Israeli Historical Revisionism: From Left to Right.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_120-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2></div> <p>A 1960 movie <i><a href="/wiki/Exodus_(1960_film)" title="Exodus (1960 film)">Exodus</a></i> starring <a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> as <a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a> rebel Ari Ben Canaan, a decorated former captain in the Jewish Brigade of the British Army in the Second World War, obtains a cargo ship. He smuggles 611 Jews out of a Cyprus camp run by the British and onto the ship for an illegal voyage to Mandatory Palestine. An American <a href="/wiki/Epic_film" title="Epic film">epic</a> <a href="/wiki/Historical_drama" title="Historical drama">historical drama</a> film about the founding of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Israel">State of Israel</a>. Produced and directed by <a href="/wiki/Otto_Preminger" title="Otto Preminger">Otto Preminger</a>, the screenplay was adapted from the <a href="/wiki/Exodus_(Uris_novel)" title="Exodus (Uris novel)">1958 novel of the same name</a> by <a href="/wiki/Leon_Uris" title="Leon Uris">Leon Uris</a>. </p><p>A 1966 movie <i><a href="/wiki/Cast_a_Giant_Shadow" title="Cast a Giant Shadow">Cast a Giant Shadow</a></i> starring <a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a> as US Colonel <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Marcus" title="Mickey Marcus">Mickey Marcus</a> (1901–1948) who commanded units of the fledgling Israel Defense Forces during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. One of the well known Israeli <a href="/wiki/Mahal_(Israel)" title="Mahal (Israel)">Machal</a> soldiers, becoming Israel's first modern general<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <a href="/wiki/Aluf" title="Aluf">Aluf</a>). He was killed by <a href="/wiki/Friendly_fire" title="Friendly fire">friendly fire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 1966 movie <i><a href="/wiki/Judith_(1966_film)" title="Judith (1966 film)">Judith (1966 film)</a></i> starring <a href="/wiki/Sophia_Loren" title="Sophia Loren">Sophia Loren</a> as Judith Auerbach Schiller, a Jewish former wife of a former German tank commander, General Gustav Schiller, who is teaching the Arabs battle tactics while in Palestine shortly before the end of the British mandate, the <a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a> are unable to locate him but hopes that she can identify him. Judith and colleagues are smuggled into Damascus, and after days of searching, they find Schiller. As they are about to capture him, Judith shoots and wounds him. Schiller is smuggled back to Palestine and interrogated. </p><p>A 2015 <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> <a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">documentary</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/A_Wing_and_a_Prayer_(film)" title="A Wing and a Prayer (film)">A Wing and a Prayer</a></i>, depicts the <a href="/wiki/Al_Schwimmer" title="Al Schwimmer">Al Schwimmer</a>-led airborne smuggling missions to arm Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 2021 <a href="/wiki/Historical_drama" title="Historical drama">historical drama</a> film <a href="/wiki/Farha_(film)" title="Farha (film)"><i>Farha</i></a> tells the story of a Palestinian girl during the <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">1948 displacement of Palestinians from their homeland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_and_operations_in_the_1948_Palestine_war" title="List of battles and operations in the 1948 Palestine war">List of battles and operations in the 1948 Palestine war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_conflicts_in_the_Middle_East" title="List of modern conflicts in the Middle East">List of modern conflicts in the Middle East</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Palestinians refer to the events of 1948 as the <b><a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">النَكْبَة</span>), literally 'the catastrophe'. In Israel it is called the <b>War of Independence</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">מלחמת העצמאות</span>; <i>Milkhemet Ha'Atzma'ut</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNisan2015" class="citation book cs1">Nisan, Mordechai (2015). <i>Minorities in the Middle East: A History of Struggle and Self-Expression, 2d ed</i>. McFarland. p. 284. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-5133-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-5133-3"><bdi>978-0-7864-5133-3</bdi></a>. <q>This Jewish-Druze partnership was often referred to as a "covenant of blood," in recognition of the common military yoke carried by the two peoples for the security of the country.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Minorities+in+the+Middle+East%3A+A+History+of+Struggle+and+Self-Expression%2C+2d+ed.&rft.pages=284&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-5133-3&rft.aulast=Nisan&rft.aufirst=Mordechai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304121451/http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=%2Fjournals%2Fthe_middle_east_journal%2Fv064%2F64.4.nisan.pdf">"The Druze in Israel: Questions of Identity, Citizenship, and Patriotism"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/the_middle_east_journal/v064/64.4.nisan.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Druze+in+Israel%3A+Questions+of+Identity%2C+Citizenship%2C+and+Patriotism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Flogin%3Furi%3D%2Fjournals%2Fthe_middle_east_journal%2Fv064%2F64.4.nisan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Palestine Post</i>, "Israel's Bedouin Warriors", Gene Dison, August 12, 1948</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAFP2013" class="citation web cs1">AFP (24 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.alarabiya.net/en/perspective/profiles/2013/04/24/Bedouin-army-trackers-scale-Israel-social-ladder-.html">"Bedouin army trackers scale Israel social ladder"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Arabiya" title="Al Arabiya">Al Arabiya</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220331084908/https://english.alarabiya.net/perspective/profiles/2013/04/24/Bedouin-army-trackers-scale-Israel-social-ladder-">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bedouin+army+trackers+scale+Israel+social+ladder&rft.pub=Al+Arabiya&rft.date=2013-04-24&rft.au=AFP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2Fperspective%2Fprofiles%2F2013%2F04%2F24%2FBedouin-army-trackers-scale-Israel-social-ladder-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shapira91_96-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-shapira91_96_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#shapira">Anita Shapira, <i>L'imaginaire d'Israël : histoire d'une culture politique</i> (2005)</a>, <i>Latroun : la mémoire de la bataille</i>, Chap. III. 1 l'événement p. 91–96</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benny Morris (2008), p.419.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollack, 2004; Sadeh, 1997</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sandler-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sandler_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sandler_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandler2002" class="citation book cs1">Sandler, Stanley (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L_xxOM85bD8C&pg=PA160"><i>Ground Warfare: An International Encyclopedia</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 160. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-344-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-344-5"><bdi>978-1-57607-344-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230320155413/https://books.google.com/books?id=L_xxOM85bD8C&pg=PA160">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ground+Warfare%3A+An+International+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=160&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-344-5&rft.aulast=Sandler&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL_xxOM85bD8C%26pg%3DPA160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bm-1948-p406-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bm-1948-p406_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bm-1948-p406_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/1948:_A_History_of_the_First_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948: A History of the First Arab–Israeli War">Morris (2008)</a>, p. 406.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEsber2009" class="citation book cs1">Esber, Rosemarie (2009). <i>Under the Cover of War</i>. Arabicus Books & Media. p. 28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Under+the+Cover+of+War&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Arabicus+Books+%26+Media&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Esber&rft.aufirst=Rosemarie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClodfelter2017" class="citation book cs1">Clodfelter, Micheal (2017). <i>Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015</i> (4th ed.). McFarland. p. 572. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-7470-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-7470-7"><bdi>978-0-7864-7470-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warfare+and+Armed+Conflicts%3A+A+Statistical+Encyclopedia+of+Casualty+and+Other+Figures%2C+1492%E2%80%932015&rft.pages=572&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-7470-7&rft.aulast=Clodfelter&rft.aufirst=Micheal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Khalidi 1997: <i>Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness</i>, Columbia University Press <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7312/khal15074">http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7312/khal15074</a>. "[...] al-Arif, in <i>al-Nakba</i>, vol. 6, is able to list the names, dates, and places of death of 1,953 Palestinians (out of a total he puts at 13,000) who died as “martyrs” in the war of 1947-49."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henry Laurens, <i>La question de Palestine, Vol. 3. 1947-1967, l'accomplissement des prophéties</i> (2007), citing <i>al-Nakba</i>, vol. 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1. Pappe I. A History of Modern Palestine. 3rd ed. Cambridge University Press; 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShlaim1995" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Avi_Shlaim" title="Avi Shlaim">Shlaim, Avi</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/176252">"The Debate about 1948"</a>. <i>International Journal of Middle East Studies</i>. <b>27</b> (3): 287–304. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0020743800062097">10.1017/S0020743800062097</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0020-7438">0020-7438</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/176252">176252</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55258863">55258863</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230302000036/https://www.jstor.org/stable/176252">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Middle+East+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Debate+about+1948&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=287-304&rft.date=1995&rft.issn=0020-7438&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A55258863%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F176252%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0020743800062097&rft.aulast=Shlaim&rft.aufirst=Avi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F176252&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Middle East Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cFte-gFBPM0"><i>The Palestinian Nakba: What Happened in 1948 and Why It Still Matters</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221017163550/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cFte-gFBPM0">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2022</span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Palestinian+Nakba%3A+What+Happened+in+1948+and+Why+It+Still+Matters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DcFte-gFBPM0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (October 2022)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael R. Fischbach, an American scholar of the archives of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conciliation_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conciliation Commission">United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine</a>, estimates that, in all, Palestinians lost some 6 to 8 million dunams (1.5 to 2 million acres) of land, not including communal land farmed by villages or state land. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMattar2005" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Mattar" title="Philip Mattar">Mattar, Philip</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221128022940/https://books.google.com/books?id=GkbzYoZtaJMC&pg=PA329">"Al-Nakba"</a>. In Mattar, Philip (ed.). <i>Encyclopedia of the Palestinians</i>. <a href="/wiki/Infobase" title="Infobase">Infobase</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780816069866" title="Special:BookSources/9780816069866"><bdi>9780816069866</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GkbzYoZtaJMC&pg=PA329">the original</a> on 28 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Al-Nakba&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Palestinians&rft.pub=Infobase&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780816069866&rft.aulast=Mattar&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGkbzYoZtaJMC%26pg%3DPA329&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFirestone2012" class="citation book cs1">Firestone, Reuven (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221128022941/https://books.google.com/books?id=EHyqYbTM-dwC&pg=PA10"><i>Holy War in Judaism: The Fall and Rise of a Controversial Idea</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 10, 296. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-986030-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-986030-2"><bdi>978-0-19-986030-2</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EHyqYbTM-dwC&pg=PA10">the original</a> on 28 November 2022. <q>To Jews, the Jewish-Arab war of 1947–1948 is the War of Independence (<i>milchemet ha'atzma'ut</i>). To Arabs, and especially Palestinians, it is the <i>nakba</i> or calamity. I therefore refrain from assigning names to wars. I refer to the wars between the State of Israel and its Arab and Palestinian neighbors according to their dates: 1948, 1956, 1967, 1973, and 1982.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Holy+War+in+Judaism%3A+The+Fall+and+Rise+of+a+Controversial+Idea&rft.pages=10%2C+296&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-19-986030-2&rft.aulast=Firestone&rft.aufirst=Reuven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEHyqYbTM-dwC%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaplan2011" class="citation book cs1">Caplan, Neil (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JyAgn_dD43cC&pg=PT17"><i>The Israel-Palestine Conflict: Contested Histories</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-5786-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-5786-8"><bdi>978-1-4443-5786-8</bdi></a>. <q>Perhaps the most famous case of differences over the naming of events is the 1948 war (more accurately, the fighting from December 1947 through January 1949). For Israel it is their 'War of Liberation' or 'War of Independence' (in Hebrew, <i>milhemet ha-atzama'ut</i>) full of the joys and overtones of deliverance and redemption. For Palestinians, it is <i>Al-Nakba</i>, translated as 'The Catastrophe' and including in its scope the destruction of their society and the expulsion and flight of some 700,000 refugees.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Israel-Palestine+Conflict%3A+Contested+Histories&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4443-5786-8&rft.aulast=Caplan&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJyAgn_dD43cC%26pg%3DPT17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaplan1997" class="citation book cs1">Caplan, Neil (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ohPWON3LnDMC&pg=PA17"><i>Futile Diplomacy: The United Nations, the Great Powers, and Middle East Peacemaking 1948–1954</i></a>. Vol. 3. Frank Cass & Co. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-4756-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-4756-2"><bdi>978-0-7146-4756-2</bdi></a>. <q>Although some historians would cite 14 May 1948 as the start of the war known variously as the Israeli War of Independence, an-Nakba (the (Palestinian) Catastrophe), or the first Palestine war, it would be more accurate to consider that war as beginning on 30 November 1947.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Futile+Diplomacy%3A+The+United+Nations%2C+the+Great+Powers%2C+and+Middle+East+Peacemaking+1948%E2%80%931954&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Frank+Cass+%26+Co&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-7146-4756-2&rft.aulast=Caplan&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DohPWON3LnDMC%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almaany.com/en/dict/ar-en/%D9%86%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%A9/">"nakba" <bdi lang="ar">نكبة</bdi></a>. <i>Almaany</i>. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=nakba+%D9%86%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%A9&rft.btitle=Almaany&rft.pages=1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almaany.com%2Fen%2Fdict%2Far-en%2F%25D9%2586%25D9%2583%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A9%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#morris">Benny Morris (2008)</a>, p.77</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#morris">Benny Morris (2008)</a>, pp. 77–79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#tal">Tal (2003)</a>, p.41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris (2004), p.13: "The Haganah stayed on the defensive, wishing not to annoy the British while it re-organised and armed for war; it knew that the real challenge would be posed not by the Palestinians but by the armies of the surrounding states. Until the end of January 1948, neither side had the upper hand. But in February and March, Arab ambushers inflicted major defeats on Haganah convoys along the roads, especially between Tel Aviv and (Jewish West) Jerusalem. It appeared to the Yishuv’s leaders that, besieged, Jewish Jerusalem – with a population of 100,000 – might fall; there were similar fears regarding several clusters of Jewish rural settlements around Jerusalem and in western Galilee. The defeats and significant casualties suffered caused the Yishuv to rethink its strategy. At the beginning of April, the Haganah switched to the offensive, at last unleashing a series of major counter-attacks." </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/1948:_A_History_of_the_First_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948: A History of the First Arab–Israeli War">Benny Morris (2008)</a>, p.77–78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris (2004), p.163: "The British evacuation, which would remove the last vestige of law and order in the cities and on the roads, was only weeks away, and the neighbouring Arab states were mobilising to intervene. The Yishuv was struggling for its life; an invasion by the Arab states could deliver the coup de grâce. It was with this situation and prospect in mind that the Haganah chiefs, in early March, produced ‘Tochnit Dalet’ (Plan D), a blueprint for securing the emergent Jewish state and the blocs of settlements outside the state’s territory against the expected invasion on or after 15 May." </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhalidi1988" class="citation journal cs1">Khalidi, Walid (1 October 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2307/2537591">"Plan Dalet: Master Plan for the Conquest of Palestine"</a>. <i>Journal of Palestine Studies</i>. <b>18</b> (1): 4–19. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2537591">10.2307/2537591</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0377-919X">0377-919X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2537591">2537591</a>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Plan Dalet' or 'Plan D' was the name given by the Zionist High Command to the general plan for military operations within the framework of which the Zionists launched successive offensives in April and early May 1948 in various parts of Palestine. These offensives, which entailed the destruction of the Palestinian Arab community and the expulsion and pauperization of the bulk of the Palestine Arabs, were calculated to achieve the military fait accompli upon which the state of Israel was to be based.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Palestine+Studies&rft.atitle=Plan+Dalet%3A+Master+Plan+for+the+Conquest+of+Palestine&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=4-19&rft.date=1988-10-01&rft.issn=0377-919X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2537591%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2537591&rft.aulast=Khalidi&rft.aufirst=Walid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.2307%2F2537591&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-refugees-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-refugees_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refugees_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2004" class="citation book cs1">Morris, Benny (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA602"><i>The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 602–604. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-00967-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-00967-6"><bdi>978-0-521-00967-6</bdi></a>. <q>It is impossible to arrive at a definite persuasive estimate. My predilection would be to opt for the loose contemporary British formula, that of 'between 600,000 and 760,000' refugees; but, if pressed, 700,000 is probably a fair estimate</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Birth+of+the+Palestinian+Refugee+Problem+Revisited&rft.pages=602-604&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-521-00967-6&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Benny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuM_kFX6edX8C%26pg%3DPA602&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190712104802/http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=goto&id=FRUS.FRUS1949v06&isize=M&submit=Go+to+page&page=973"><i>Memo US Department of State, 4 May 1949</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Relations_of_the_United_States_(book_series)" title="Foreign Relations of the United States (book series)">Foreign Relations of the United States</a>. 1949. p. 973. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=goto&id=FRUS.FRUS1949v06&isize=M&submit=Go+to+page&page=973">the original</a> on 12 July 2019. <q>One of the most important problems which must be cleared up before a lasting peace can be established in Palestine is the question of the more than 700,000 Arab refugees who during the Palestine conflict fled from their homes in what is now Israeli occupied territory and are at present living as refugees in Arab Palestine and the neighbouring Arab states.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memo+US+Department+of+State%2C+4+May+1949&rft.series=Foreign+Relations+of+the+United+States&rft.pages=973&rft.date=1949&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigicoll.library.wisc.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2FFRUS%2FFRUS-idx%3Ftype%3Dgoto%26id%3DFRUS.FRUS1949v06%26isize%3DM%26submit%3DGo%2Bto%2Bpage%26page%3D973&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190712104751/http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=goto&id=FRUS.FRUS1949v06&isize=M&submit=Go+to+page&page=984"><i>Memorandum on the Palestine Refugee Problem, 4 May 1949</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Relations_of_the_United_States_(book_series)" title="Foreign Relations of the United States (book series)">Foreign Relations of the United States</a>. 1949. p. 984. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=goto&id=FRUS.FRUS1949v06&isize=M&submit=Go+to+page&page=984">the original</a> on 12 July 2019. <q>Approximately 700,000 refugees from the Palestine hostilities, now located principally in Arab Palestine, Transjordan, Lebanon and Syria, will require repatriation to Israel or resettlement in the Arab states.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memorandum+on+the+Palestine+Refugee+Problem%2C+4+May+1949&rft.series=Foreign+Relations+of+the+United+States&rft.pages=984&rft.date=1949&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigicoll.library.wisc.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2FFRUS%2FFRUS-idx%3Ftype%3Dgoto%26id%3DFRUS.FRUS1949v06%26isize%3DM%26submit%3DGo%2Bto%2Bpage%26page%3D984&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#morris">Benny Morris (2008)</a>, p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#morris">Benny Morris (2008)</a>, p. 6–7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris (2001), pp.40-41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/1948:_A_History_of_the_First_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948: A History of the First Arab–Israeli War">Benny Morris (2008)</a>, p.7-8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/1948:_A_History_of_the_First_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948: A History of the First Arab–Israeli War">Benny Morris (2008)</a>, p.7 quotes several examples, such as a poem printed in the newspaper <i>Falastin: "The Jews, the weakest of all peoples and the least of them, Are haggling with us for our land."</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/1948:_A_History_of_the_First_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948: A History of the First Arab–Israeli War">Benny Morris (2008)</a>, pp.9-10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/1948:_A_History_of_the_First_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948: A History of the First Arab–Israeli War">Benny Morris (2008)</a>, pp.11–12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris (2001), p.111</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/1948:_A_History_of_the_First_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948: A History of the First Arab–Israeli War">Benny Morris (2008)</a>, p.15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNadan2017" class="citation journal cs1">Nadan, Amos (26 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/view/journals/jesh/60/5/article-p647_4.xml">"Economic Aspects of the Peasant-Led National Palestinian Revolt, 1936-39"</a>. <i>Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient</i>. <b>60</b> (5): 647–682. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F15685209-12341436">10.1163/15685209-12341436</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1568-5209">1568-5209</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Economic+and+Social+History+of+the+Orient&rft.atitle=Economic+Aspects+of+the+Peasant-Led+National+Palestinian+Revolt%2C+1936-39&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=647-682&rft.date=2017-07-26&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F15685209-12341436&rft.issn=1568-5209&rft.aulast=Nadan&rft.aufirst=Amos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fview%2Fjournals%2Fjesh%2F60%2F5%2Farticle-p647_4.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benny Morris (2001), p.128</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315570006"><i>Britain, Palestine and Empire: The Mandate Years</i></a>. Routledge. 15 April 2016. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315570006">10.4324/9781315570006</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-315-57000-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-315-57000-6"><bdi>978-1-315-57000-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain%2C+Palestine+and+Empire%3A+The+Mandate+Years&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016-04-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781315570006&rft.isbn=978-1-315-57000-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taylorfrancis.com%2Fbooks%2F9781315570006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benny Morris (2001), p.121</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZvadaLach2022" class="citation journal cs1">Zvada, Ľubomír; Lach, Jiří (13 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vojenskerozhledy.cz/en/kategorie/ozbrojene-konflikty/zidovske-povstani-britska-palestina">"Bloody years of the Jewish Insurgency in British Mandatory Palestine 1939-1948: From the White Paper to the State of Israel"</a>. <i>Vojenské rozhledy</i>. <b>31</b> (3): 121–136. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3849%2F2336-2995.31.2022.03.121-136">10.3849/2336-2995.31.2022.03.121-136</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1210-3292">1210-3292</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vojensk%C3%A9+rozhledy&rft.atitle=Bloody+years+of+the+Jewish+Insurgency+in+British+Mandatory+Palestine+1939-1948%3A+From+the+White+Paper+to+the+State+of+Israel&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=121-136&rft.date=2022-09-13&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3849%2F2336-2995.31.2022.03.121-136&rft.issn=1210-3292&rft.aulast=Zvada&rft.aufirst=%C4%BDubom%C3%ADr&rft.au=Lach%2C+Ji%C5%99%C3%AD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vojenskerozhledy.cz%2Fen%2Fkategorie%2Fozbrojene-konflikty%2Fzidovske-povstani-britska-palestina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShpiro2013" class="citation journal cs1">Shpiro, Shlomo (September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09546553.2013.814502">"The Intellectual Foundations of Jewish National Terrorism: Avraham Stern and the Lehi"</a>. <i>Terrorism and Political Violence</i>. <b>25</b> (4): 606–620. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09546553.2013.814502">10.1080/09546553.2013.814502</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0954-6553">0954-6553</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Terrorism+and+Political+Violence&rft.atitle=The+Intellectual+Foundations+of+Jewish+National+Terrorism%3A+Avraham+Stern+and+the+Lehi&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=606-620&rft.date=2013-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09546553.2013.814502&rft.issn=0954-6553&rft.aulast=Shpiro&rft.aufirst=Shlomo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F09546553.2013.814502&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell1979" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._Bowyer_Bell" title="J. Bowyer Bell">Bell, J. Bowyer</a> (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yrBtAAAAMAAJ&q=terror+out+of+zion"><i>Terror out of Zion : Irgun Zvai Leumi, LEHI, and the Palestine underground, 1929-1949</i></a>. Dublin: Academy Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-906187-11-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-906187-11-1"><bdi>978-0-906187-11-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Terror+out+of+Zion+%3A+Irgun+Zvai+Leumi%2C+LEHI%2C+and+the+Palestine+underground%2C+1929-1949&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pub=Academy+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-906187-11-1&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=J.+Bowyer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyrBtAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dterror%2Bout%2Bof%2Bzion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris 2004, "the upsurge during 1944–1947 of anti-British Jewish terrorism by the Revisionist <i>Irgun Zvai Leumi</i> (IZL) (the National Military Organisation or ‘Irgun’) and <i>Lohamei Herut Yisrael</i> (LHI) (Freedom Fighters of Israel or ‘Stern Gang’)"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pappé 2006 "the Jewish terrorist attack on the King David Hotel"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#morris">Benny Morris (2008)</a>, pp. 66–69</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120524094913/http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/0/7f0af2bd897689b785256c330061d253">"A/RES/181(II) of 29 November 1947"</a>. <i>domino.un.org</i>. 1947. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/0/7f0af2bd897689b785256c330061d253">the original</a> on 24 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=domino.un.org&rft.atitle=A%2FRES%2F181%28II%29+of+29+November+1947&rft.date=1947&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdomino.un.org%2Funispal.nsf%2F0%2F7f0af2bd897689b785256c330061d253&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morris2008p47-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Morris2008p47_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenny_Morris2008" class="citation book cs1">Benny Morris (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J5jtAAAAMAAJ"><i>1948: a history of the first Arab-Israeli war</i></a>. Yale University Press. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12696-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12696-9"><bdi>978-0-300-12696-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230119160921/https://books.google.com/books?id=J5jtAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2013</span>. <q>The Jews were to get 62 percent of Palestine (most of it desert), consisting of the Negev</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1948%3A+a+history+of+the+first+Arab-Israeli+war&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-300-12696-9&rft.au=Benny+Morris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ5jtAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pappe, 2006, p. 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-karsh7-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-karsh7_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#karsh">Karsh</a>, p.7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">El-Nawawy, 2002, p. 1-2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris, <i>Righteous Victims</i>, 2001, p. 190</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gold, 2007, p. 134</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unispal-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-unispal_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/4ECBF3578B6149C50525657100507FAB">United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine A/AC.25/W/19 30 July 1949</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131002103014/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/4ECBF3578B6149C50525657100507FAB">Archived</a> 2 October 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>,"The Arabs rejected the United Nations Partition Plan so that any comment of theirs did not specifically concern the status of the Arab section of Palestine under partition but rather rejected the scheme in its entirety."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-morris2008p67-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-morris2008p67_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenny_Morris2008" class="citation book cs1">Benny Morris (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J5jtAAAAMAAJ"><i>1948: a history of the first Arab-Israeli war</i></a>. Yale University Press. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12696-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12696-9"><bdi>978-0-300-12696-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230119160921/https://books.google.com/books?id=J5jtAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2013</span>. <q>p. 67, "The League's Political Committee met in Sofar, Lebanon, on 16–19 September, and urged the Palestine Arabs to fight partition, which it called "aggression," "without mercy"'; p. 70, '"On 24 November the head of the Egyptian delegation to the General Assembly, Muhammad Hussein Heykal, said that "the lives of 1,000,000 Jews in Moslem countries would be jeopardized by the establishment of a Jewish state."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1948%3A+a+history+of+the+first+Arab-Israeli+war&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-300-12696-9&rft.au=Benny+Morris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ5jtAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/038/88/IMG/NR003888.pdf?OpenElement">Resolution 181 (II). Future government of Palestine A/RES/181(II)(A+B) 29 November 1947</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110617232624/http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/038/88/IMG/NR003888.pdf?OpenElement">Archived</a> June 17, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#rapport_special">Special UN commission (16 April 1948)</a>, § II.5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gelber85-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gelber85_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#gelber">Yoav Gelber (2006)</a>, p.85</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yoav_Gelber_2006_pp.51-56-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Yoav_Gelber_2006_pp.51-56_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#gelber">Yoav Gelber (2006)</a>, pp.51-56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Larry_Collins_1971_p.7-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Larry_Collins_1971_p.7_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#lapierre_collins">Dominique Lapierre et Larry Collins (1971)</a>, chap.7, pp.131-153</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Benny_Morris_2003_p.163-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Benny_Morris_2003_p.163_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#morris_birth">Benny Morris (2003)</a>, p. 163</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Henry_Laurens_2005_p.83-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Henry_Laurens_2005_p.83_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#laurens">Henry Laurens (2005)</a>, p.83</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Larry_Collins_1971_p.163-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Larry_Collins_1971_p.163_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#lapierre_collins">Dominique Lapierre et Larry Collins (1971)</a>, p.163</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Benny_Morris_2003_p.67-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Benny_Morris_2003_p.67_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#morris_birth">Benny Morris (2003)</a>, p.67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Tal, <i>War in Palestine, 1948: Israeli and Arab Strategy and Diplomacy,</i> Routledge 2004 p. 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-morris1948-118-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-morris1948-118_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/1948:_A_History_of_the_First_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948: A History of the First Arab–Israeli War">Benny Morris (2008)</a>, p.118</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-morris2008p116-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-morris2008p116_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenny_Morris2008" class="citation book cs1">Benny Morris (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J5jtAAAAMAAJ"><i>1948: a history of the first Arab-Israeli war</i></a>. Yale University Press. p. 116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12696-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12696-9"><bdi>978-0-300-12696-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230119160921/https://books.google.com/books?id=J5jtAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2013</span>. <q>At the time, Ben-Gurion and the HGS believed that they had initiated a one-shot affair, albeit with the implication of a change of tactics and strategy on the Jerusalem front. In fact, they had set in motion a strategic transformation of Haganah policy. Nahshon heralded a shift from the defensive to the offensive and marked the beginning of the implementation of tochnit dalet (Plan D)—without Ben-Gurion or the HGS ever taking an in principle decision to embark on its implementation. </q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1948%3A+a+history+of+the+first+Arab-Israeli+war&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-300-12696-9&rft.au=Benny+Morris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ5jtAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#lapierre_collins">Dominique Lapierre et Larry Collins (1971)</a>, pp.369-381</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benny Morris, <i>Righteous Victims</i> - "The most important event during Operation Nahshon was probably the conquest by the IZL and LHI, assisted by the Haganah, of the village of Deir Yassin"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benny Morris "The Historiography of Deir Yassin" (2005), The Journal of Israeli History. "In the course of the battle, the dissidents ran low on ammunition and asked for and obtained thousands of rounds from the Haganah; Haganah squads also provided covering fire and fired on the refugees fleeing southward, towards “Ein Karim. Two squads of the Palmah (the elite strike force of the Haganah) also arrived on the scene and helped evacuate the wounded and take some of the houses."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Benny_Morris_2003_pp.242-243-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Benny_Morris_2003_pp.242-243_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Benny_Morris_2003_pp.242-243_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#morris_birth">Benny Morris (2003)</a>, pp. 242-243</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Benny_Morris_2003_p.242-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Benny_Morris_2003_p.242_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#morris_birth">Benny Morris (2003)</a>, p.242</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#laurens">Henry Laurens (2005)</a>, pp.85-86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#morris_birth">Benny Morris (2003)</a>, pp.248-252</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#morris_birth">Benny Morris (2003)</a>, pp.252-254</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace+Process/Guide+to+the+Peace+Process/Declaration+of+Establishment+of+State+of+Israel.htm">Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs: <i>Declaration of Establishment of State of Israel: 14 May 1948</i> Retrieved 9 April 2012</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120321213130/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace%2BProcess/Guide%2Bto%2Bthe%2BPeace%2BProcess/Declaration%2Bof%2BEstablishment%2Bof%2BState%2Bof%2BIsrael.htm">Archived</a> 21 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Origins_and_Evolution_of_the_Palestine_Problem" title="The Origins and Evolution of the Palestine Problem">The Origins and Evolution of the Palestine Problem</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/d442111e70e417e3802564740045a309?OpenDocument">Part II, 1947–1977"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110526013534/http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/d442111e70e417e3802564740045a309?OpenDocument">Archived</a> 2011-05-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, United Nations</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerf2022" class="citation book cs1">Herf, Jeffrey (2022). <i>Israel's Moment: International Support for and Opposition to Establishing the Jewish State, 1945–1949</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 354. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781009058773" title="Special:BookSources/9781009058773"><bdi>9781009058773</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel%27s+Moment%3A+International+Support+for+and+Opposition+to+Establishing+the+Jewish+State%2C+1945%E2%80%931949&rft.pages=354&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9781009058773&rft.aulast=Herf&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2008" class="citation book cs1">Morris, Benny (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/1948historyoffir00morr"><i>1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War</i></a></span>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12696-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12696-9"><bdi>978-0-300-12696-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1948%3A+A+History+of+the+First+Arab-Israeli+War&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-300-12696-9&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Benny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F1948historyoffir00morr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moris2008p269-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Moris2008p269_83-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moris2008p269_83-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/1948:_A_History_of_the_First_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948: A History of the First Arab–Israeli War">Benny Morris (2008)</a>, p.269</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moris2008p322-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Moris2008p322_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/1948:_A_History_of_the_First_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948: A History of the First Arab–Israeli War">Benny Morris (2008)</a>, p.322</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moris2008p205-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Moris2008p205_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/1948:_A_History_of_the_First_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948: A History of the First Arab–Israeli War">Benny Morris (2008)</a>, p.205</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morris-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Morris_86-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morris_86-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morris_86-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morris_86-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morris_86-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris" class="citation book cs1">Morris, Benny. <i>1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1948%3A+A+History+of+the+First+Arab-Israeli+War&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Benny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhron_BregmanJihan_El-Tahri1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ahron_Bregman" title="Ahron Bregman">Ahron Bregman</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jihan_El-Tahri" title="Jihan El-Tahri">Jihan El-Tahri</a> (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fiftyyearswarisr00breg"><i>The Fifty Years War: Israel and the Arabs</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Books" title="BBC Books">BBC Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57500-057-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57500-057-2"><bdi>978-1-57500-057-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fifty+Years+War%3A+Israel+and+the+Arabs&rft.pub=BBC+Books&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-57500-057-2&rft.au=Ahron+Bregman&rft.au=Jihan+El-Tahri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffiftyyearswarisr00breg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Knopf330-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Knopf330_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alfred A. Knopf. <i>A History of Israel from the Rise of Zionism to Our Time</i>. New York. 1976. p. 330. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-48564-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-48564-5">978-0-394-48564-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris, 2004, p. 448.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesmachine.nytimes.comhttp//timesmachine.content-tagging.us-east-1-01.prd.dvsp.nyt.net/timesmachine/1948/07/16/84540067.html?zoom=16">"CAIRO IS BOMBED BY ISRAEL FLIER; Arab Planes Counter With Air Blows at Jerusalem, Haifa -- Land Fronts Quiet"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=CAIRO+IS+BOMBED+BY+ISRAEL+FLIER%3B+Arab+Planes+Counter+With+Air+Blows+at+Jerusalem%2C+Haifa+--+Land+Fronts+Quiet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.comhttp%2F%2Ftimesmachine.content-tagging.us-east-1-01.prd.dvsp.nyt.net%2Ftimesmachine%2F1948%2F07%2F16%2F84540067.html%3Fzoom%3D16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:23-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:23_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeman-Maloy2011" class="citation journal cs1">Freeman-Maloy, Dan (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/jps.2011.xl.2.43">"Mahal and the Dispossession of the Palestinians"</a>. <i>Journal of Palestine Studies</i>. <b>40</b> (2): 43–61. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fjps.2011.xl.2.43">10.1525/jps.2011.xl.2.43</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0377-919X">0377-919X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/jps.2011.xl.2.43">10.1525/jps.2011.xl.2.43</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Palestine+Studies&rft.atitle=Mahal+and+the+Dispossession+of+the+Palestinians&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=43-61&rft.date=2011&rft.issn=0377-919X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1525%2Fjps.2011.xl.2.43%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fjps.2011.xl.2.43&rft.aulast=Freeman-Maloy&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1525%2Fjps.2011.xl.2.43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:12_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2017" class="citation cs2">Morris, Benny (31 December 2017), "The First Truce, 11 June–8 July 1948, the International Community, and the War", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.12987/9780300145243-009/html"><i>1948 : a history of the first Arab-Israeli war</i></a>, Yale University Press, pp. 264–272, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.12987%2F9780300145243-009">10.12987/9780300145243-009</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14524-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14524-3"><bdi>978-0-300-14524-3</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:246151766">246151766</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+First+Truce%2C+11+June%E2%80%938+July+1948%2C+the+International+Community%2C+and+the+War&rft.btitle=1948+%3A+a+history+of+the+first+Arab-Israeli+war&rft.pages=264-272&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2017-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A246151766%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.12987%2F9780300145243-009&rft.isbn=978-0-300-14524-3&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Benny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.12987%2F9780300145243-009%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/1948:_A_History_of_the_First_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948: A History of the First Arab–Israeli War">Benny Morris (2008)</a>, p.323.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shapira, Anita. <i>Yigal Allon; Native Son; A Biography</i>, Translated by Evelyn Abel, University of Pennsylvania Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-4028-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-4028-3">978-0-8122-4028-3</a> p 247</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-morris2008p339-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-morris2008p339_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenny_Morris2008" class="citation book cs1">Benny Morris (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J5jtAAAAMAAJ"><i>1948: a history of the first Arab-Israeli war</i></a>. Yale University Press. p. 339. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12696-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12696-9"><bdi>978-0-300-12696-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230119160921/https://books.google.com/books?id=J5jtAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2013</span>. <q>Al-Qawuqji supplied the justification for Operation Hiram, in which the IDF overran the north-central Galilee "pocket" and a strip of southern Lebanon... In truth, as with Yoav, Operation Hiram had been long in the planning... on 6 October, at the IDF General Staff meeting, Carmel had pressed for [Hiram] authorization, but the Cabinet held back. The Arabs were shortly to give him his chance. Before dawn on 22 October, in defiance of the UN Security Council cease-fire order, ALA units stormed the IDF hilltop position of Sheikh Abd, just north of, and overlooking, Kibbutz <a href="/wiki/Manara,_Israel" title="Manara, Israel">Manara</a>... Manara was imperiled... Ben-Gurion initially rejected Carmel's demand to launch a major counteroffensive. He was chary of antagonizing the United Nations so close on the heels of its cease-fire order. ... The kibbutz was now besieged, and the main south-north road through the Panhandle to Metulla was also under threat. During the 24–25 October ALA troops regularly sniped at Manara and at traffic along the main road. In contacts with UN observers, al-Qawuqji demanded that Israel evacuate neighboring Kibbutz Yiftah... and thin out its forces in Manara. The IDF demanded the ALA's withdrawal from the captured positions and, after a "no" from al-Qawuqji, informed the United Nations that it felt free to do as it pleased. Sensing what was about to happen, the Lebanese army "ordered" al-Qawuqji to withdraw from Israeli territory—but to no avail. Al-Qawuqji's provocation at Sheikh Abd made little military sense... On 16 October, a week before the attack on Sheikh Abd, Carmel ... had pressed Ben-Gurion to be allowed "to begin in the Galilee." Ben-Gurion had refused, but on 24–25 October he gave the green light.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1948%3A+a+history+of+the+first+Arab-Israeli+war&rft.pages=339&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-300-12696-9&rft.au=Benny+Morris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ5jtAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/1948:_A_History_of_the_First_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948: A History of the First Arab–Israeli War">Benny Morris (2008)</a>, p.369.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrisKedar2022" class="citation journal cs1">Morris, Benny; Kedar, Benjamin Z. (1 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85138258079&partnerID=8YFLogxK">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Cast thy bread': Israeli biological warfare during the 1948 War"</a>. <i>Middle Eastern Studies</i>. <b>59</b> (5): 752–776. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00263206.2022.2122448">10.1080/00263206.2022.2122448</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0026-3206">0026-3206</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:252389726">252389726</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=%27Cast+thy+bread%27%3A+Israeli+biological+warfare+during+the+1948+War&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=752-776&rft.date=2022-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A252389726%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0026-3206&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00263206.2022.2122448&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Benny&rft.au=Kedar%2C+Benjamin+Z.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scopus.com%2Finward%2Frecord.url%3Fscp%3D85138258079%26partnerID%3D8YFLogxK&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CC-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CC_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chris Cook, World Political Almanac, 3rd Ed. (Facts on File: 1995)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-morris-2007-p406-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-morris-2007-p406_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/1948:_A_History_of_the_First_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948: A History of the First Arab–Israeli War">Benny Morris (2008)</a>, p.406</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a>  Session 5    <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://undocs.org/Home/Mobile?FinalSymbol=A/1367/REV.1(SUPP)"><i>General Progress Report and Supplementary Report of the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine, Covering the Period from 11 December 1949 to 23 October 1950</i> A/1367/REV.1(SUPP)</a>  page 24.  23 October 1950.  Retrieved 21 July 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFL._RoganShlaim" class="citation web cs1">L. Rogan, Eugene; Shlaim, Avi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060928211155/http://www.history.ac.uk/reviews/paper/hughesMatthew.html">"The War for Palestine. Rewriting the History of 1948"</a>. Institute of Historical Research. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.ac.uk/reviews/paper/hughesMatthew.html">the original</a> on 28 September 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+War+for+Palestine.+Rewriting+the+History+of+1948&rft.pub=Institute+of+Historical+Research&rft.aulast=L.+Rogan&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rft.au=Shlaim%2C+Avi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.ac.uk%2Freviews%2Fpaper%2FhughesMatthew.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mideastweb.org/refugees4.htm">"Jewish Refugees of the Israeli Palestinian Conflict"</a>. Mideast Web. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131009231524/http://www.mideastweb.org/refugees4.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jewish+Refugees+of+the+Israeli+Palestinian+Conflict&rft.pub=Mideast+Web&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mideastweb.org%2Frefugees4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morris2008p412-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Morris2008p412_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenny_Morris2008" class="citation book cs1">Benny Morris (1 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CC7381HrLqcC"><i>1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War</i></a>. Yale University Press. p. 412. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14524-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14524-3"><bdi>978-0-300-14524-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230320123844/https://books.google.com/books?id=CC7381HrLqcC">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2016</span>. <q>The war indirectly created a second, major refugee problem. Partly because of the clash of Jewish and Arab arms in Palestine, some five to six hundred thousand Jews who lived in the Arab world emigrated, were intimidated into flight, or were expelled from their native countries, most of them reaching Israel, with a minority resettling in France, Britain, and the other Western countries. The immediate propellants to flight were the popular Arab hostility, including pogroms, triggered by the war in Palestine and specific governmental measures, amounting to institutionalized discrimination against and oppression of the Jewish minority communities.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1948%3A+A+History+of+the+First+Arab-Israeli+War&rft.pages=412&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2008-10-01&rft.isbn=978-0-300-14524-3&rft.au=Benny+Morris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCC7381HrLqcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GilbertBookReview-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GilbertBookReview_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_J_Goldberg2010" class="citation web cs1">David J Goldberg (28 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/aug/28/history-jews-muslims-martin-gilbert">"A book review of: In Ishmael's House: A History of Jews in Muslim Lands by Martin Gilbert"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170305034234/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/aug/28/history-jews-muslims-martin-gilbert">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2016</span>. <q>while it is pertinent to point out that 850,000 Jewish refugees from Arab lands have been fed, housed and absorbed by Israel since 1948 while 750,000 Palestinian refugees languish in camps, dependent on United Nations handouts</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=A+book+review+of%3A+In+Ishmael%27s+House%3A+A+History+of+Jews+in+Muslim+Lands+by+Martin+Gilbert&rft.date=2010-08-28&rft.au=David+J+Goldberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2010%2Faug%2F28%2Fhistory-jews-muslims-martin-gilbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Benny_Morris_p._VI-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Benny_Morris_p._VI_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benny Morris, <i>Righteous Victims</i>, chap. VI.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shulewitz-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shulewitz_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Malka Hillel Shulewitz, <i>The Forgotten Millions: The Modern Jewish Exodus from Arab Lands</i>, Continuum 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aharoni-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Aharoni_107-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ada Aharoni <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hsje.org/forcedmigration.htm">"The Forced Migration of Jews from Arab Countries</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120213230126/http://www.hsje.org/forcedmigration.htm">Archived</a> 2012-02-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Historical Society of Jews from Egypt website. Accessed April 4, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blum1987p69-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Blum1987p69_108-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYehuda_Zvi_Blum1987" class="citation book cs1">Yehuda Zvi Blum (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tlCHQ6LU988C&pg=PA68"><i>For Zion's Sake</i></a>. 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U.S. Holocaust Museum. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005462">the original</a> on 30 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Displaced+Persons&rft.pub=U.S.+Holocaust+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ushmm.org%2Fwlc%2Farticle.php%3Flang%3Den%26ModuleId%3D10005462&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tom_Segev_1949._p.96-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tom_Segev_1949._p.96_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSegev1986" class="citation book cs1">Segev, Tom (1986). <i>1949. The First Israelis</i>. 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Henry Holt and Company (First ed.). New York. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62779-855-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62779-855-6"><bdi>978-1-62779-855-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1090697006">1090697006</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hundred+Years%27+War+on+Palestine+%3A+A+History+of+Settler+Colonialism+and+Resistance%2C+1917-2017&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=First&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1090697006&rft.isbn=978-1-62779-855-6&rft.aulast=Khalidi&rft.aufirst=Rashid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1090697006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_115-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_115-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhalidi2006" class="citation book cs1">Khalidi, Rashid (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/1050548811"><i>The Iron Cage : The Story of the Palestinian Struggle for Statehood</i></a>. Oneworld Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78074-808-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78074-808-5"><bdi>978-1-78074-808-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1050548811">1050548811</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Iron+Cage+%3A+The+Story+of+the+Palestinian+Struggle+for+Statehood&rft.pub=Oneworld+Publications&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1050548811&rft.isbn=978-1-78074-808-5&rft.aulast=Khalidi&rft.aufirst=Rashid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1050548811&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_116-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShlaim1995" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Avi_Shlaim" title="Avi Shlaim">Shlaim, Avi</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/176252">"The Debate about 1948"</a>. <i>International Journal of Middle East Studies</i>. <b>27</b> (3): 287–304. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0020743800062097">10.1017/S0020743800062097</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0020-7438">0020-7438</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/176252">176252</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55258863">55258863</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230302000036/https://www.jstor.org/stable/176252">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Middle+East+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Debate+about+1948&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=287-304&rft.date=1995&rft.issn=0020-7438&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A55258863%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F176252%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0020743800062097&rft.aulast=Shlaim&rft.aufirst=Avi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F176252&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:22-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:22_117-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:22_117-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/957554870"><i>The war of 1948 : representations of Israeli and Palestinian memories and narratives</i></a>. Avraham Sela, Alon Kadish. Bloomington. 2016. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-02341-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-02341-4"><bdi>978-0-253-02341-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/957554870">957554870</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+war+of+1948+%3A+representations+of+Israeli+and+Palestinian+memories+and+narratives&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F957554870&rft.isbn=978-0-253-02341-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F957554870&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_118-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_118-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSelaCaplan2016" class="citation book cs1">Sela, Avraham; Caplan, Neil (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FVGSDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA204">"Epilogue: Reflections on Post-Oslo Israeli and Palestinian History and Memory of 1948"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/957554870"><i>The war of 1948 : representations of Israeli and Palestinian memories and narratives</i></a>. Avraham Sela, Alon Kadish. Bloomington. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-02341-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-02341-4"><bdi>978-0-253-02341-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/957554870">957554870</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Epilogue%3A+Reflections+on+Post-Oslo+Israeli+and+Palestinian+History+and+Memory+of+1948&rft.btitle=The+war+of+1948+%3A+representations+of+Israeli+and+Palestinian+memories+and+narratives&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F957554870&rft.isbn=978-0-253-02341-4&rft.aulast=Sela&rft.aufirst=Avraham&rft.au=Caplan%2C+Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFVGSDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_119-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_119-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_119-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_119-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_119-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_119-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_119-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/957554870"><i>The war of 1948 : representations of Israeli and Palestinian memories and narratives</i></a>. 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Bloomington. 2016. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-02341-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-02341-4"><bdi>978-0-253-02341-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/957554870">957554870</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+war+of+1948+%3A+representations+of+Israeli+and+Palestinian+memories+and+narratives&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F957554870&rft.isbn=978-0-253-02341-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F957554870&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_120-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_120-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_120-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_120-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_120-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_120-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_120-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPappé2009" class="citation journal cs1">Pappé, Ilan (1 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525/jps.2010.XXXIX.1.6">"The Vicissitudes of the 1948 Historiography of Israel"</a>. <i>Journal of Palestine Studies</i>. <b>39</b> (1): 6–23. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fjps.2010.XXXIX.1.6">10.1525/jps.2010.XXXIX.1.6</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10871%2F15209">10871/15209</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0377-919X">0377-919X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Palestine+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Vicissitudes+of+the+1948+Historiography+of+Israel&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=6-23&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10871%2F15209&rft.issn=0377-919X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fjps.2010.XXXIX.1.6&rft.aulast=Papp%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Ilan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1525%2Fjps.2010.XXXIX.1.6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhalidi2007" class="citation book cs1">Khalidi, Rashid (2007). "1 The Palestinians and 1948: the underlying causes of failure". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/192047956"><i>The war for Palestine : rewriting the history of 1948</i></a>. Eugene L. Rogan, Avi Shlaim (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-511-37135-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-511-37135-6"><bdi>978-0-511-37135-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/192047956">192047956</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1+The+Palestinians+and+1948%3A+the+underlying+causes+of+failure&rft.btitle=The+war+for+Palestine+%3A+rewriting+the+history+of+1948&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F192047956&rft.isbn=978-0-511-37135-6&rft.aulast=Khalidi&rft.aufirst=Rashid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F192047956&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGelber2010" class="citation book cs1">Gelber, Yoav (23 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0pVFDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA47">"The History of Zionist Historiography: From Apologetics to Denial"</a>. <i>Making Israel</i>. Benny Morris. University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-02652-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-472-02652-4"><bdi>978-0-472-02652-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Zionist+Historiography%3A+From+Apologetics+to+Denial&rft.btitle=Making+Israel&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2010-04-23&rft.isbn=978-0-472-02652-4&rft.aulast=Gelber&rft.aufirst=Yoav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0pVFDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhalidi1988" class="citation journal cs1">Khalidi, Rashid R. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41857981">"Revisionist Views of the Modern History of Palestine: 1948"</a>. <i>Arab Studies Quarterly</i>. <b>10</b> (4): 425–432. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0271-3519">0271-3519</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41857981">41857981</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230304193807/https://www.jstor.org/stable/41857981">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arab+Studies+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Revisionist+Views+of+the+Modern+History+of+Palestine%3A+1948&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=425-432&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41857981%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0271-3519&rft.aulast=Khalidi&rft.aufirst=Rashid+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41857981&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/192047956"><i>The war for Palestine : rewriting the history of 1948</i></a>. Eugene L. Rogan, Avi Shlaim (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2007. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-511-37135-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-511-37135-6"><bdi>978-0-511-37135-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/192047956">192047956</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+war+for+Palestine+%3A+rewriting+the+history+of+1948&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F192047956&rft.isbn=978-0-511-37135-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F192047956&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaid1986" class="citation journal cs1">Said, Edward W. (1 January 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/2536835">"The Joan Peters Case*: From Time Immemorial: The Origins of the Arab-Jewish Conflict Over Palestine, by Joan Peters"</a>. <i>Journal of Palestine Studies</i>. <b>15</b> (2): 144–150. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2536835">10.2307/2536835</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0377-919X">0377-919X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2536835">2536835</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Palestine+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Joan+Peters+Case%2A%3A+From+Time+Immemorial%3A+The+Origins+of+the+Arab-Jewish+Conflict+Over+Palestine%2C+by+Joan+Peters&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=144-150&rft.date=1986-01-01&rft.issn=0377-919X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2536835%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2536835&rft.aulast=Said&rft.aufirst=Edward+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2307%2F2536835&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Finkelstein" title="Norman Finkelstein">Finkelstein, N. G.</a> 1988. "Disinformation and the Palestine Question: The Not-So-Strange Case of Joan Peters's From Time Immemorial". In <i>Blaming the Victims, Spurious Scholarship and the Palestinian Question</i>, ed. E. W. Said and C. Hitchens, pp. 33-69. London: <a href="/wiki/Verso_Books" title="Verso Books">Verso</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Jewish_Historical_Society" class="citation web cs1">American Jewish Historical Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120329132617/http://www.ajhs.org/scholarship/chapters/chapter.cfm?documentID=286">"Mickey Marcus: Israel's American General"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ajhs.org/scholarship/chapters/chapter.cfm?documentID=286">the original</a> on 29 March 2012. <q>Ben Gurion named Mickey Marcus Lieutenant General, the first general in the army of Israel in nearly two thousand years.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mickey+Marcus%3A+Israel%27s+American+General&rft.au=American+Jewish+Historical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajhs.org%2Fscholarship%2Fchapters%2Fchapter.cfm%3FdocumentID%3D286&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerkman1962" class="citation book cs1">Berkman, Ted (1962). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/castgiantshadow00berk"><i>Cast a Giant Shadow</i></a></span>. Doubleday.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cast+a+Giant+Shadow&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Berkman&rft.aufirst=Ted&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcastgiantshadow00berk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span>. Berkman's biography is the only comprehensive biography of Marcus. It was the source for the movie by the same name.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jta.org/2015/05/12/arts-entertainment/israels-air-force-particularly-its-scrappy-beginnings-inspires-3-films">"Israeli Air Force, particularly its scrappy beginnings, inspires 3 films"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Telegraphic_Agency" title="Jewish Telegraphic Agency">Jewish Telegraphic Agency</a></i>. 12 May 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117030244/http://www.jta.org/2015/05/12/arts-entertainment/israels-air-force-particularly-its-scrappy-beginnings-inspires-3-films">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Telegraphic+Agency&rft.atitle=Israeli+Air+Force%2C+particularly+its+scrappy+beginnings%2C+inspires+3+films&rft.date=2015-05-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jta.org%2F2015%2F05%2F12%2Farts-entertainment%2Fisraels-air-force-particularly-its-scrappy-beginnings-inspires-3-films&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSallamMartin2023" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Darin_Sallam" class="mw-redirect" title="Darin Sallam">Sallam, Darin</a>; <a href="/wiki/Michel_Martin" title="Michel Martin">Martin, Michel</a> (29 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2023/01/29/1152428451/farha-tells-the-story-of-a-palestinian-girl-in-1948">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Farha' tells the story of a Palestinian girl in 1948"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. Transcript of interview with Darin Sallam.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Farha%27+tells+the+story+of+a+Palestinian+girl+in+1948&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2023-01-29&rft.aulast=Sallam&rft.aufirst=Darin&rft.au=Martin%2C+Michel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2023%2F01%2F29%2F1152428451%2Ffarha-tells-the-story-of-a-palestinian-girl-in-1948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="Category:CS1 maint: postscript">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdel_Jawad2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Saleh_Abdel_Jawad" class="mw-redirect" title="Saleh Abdel Jawad">Abdel Jawad, Saleh</a> (2006). "The Arab and Palestinian Narratives of the 1948 War". In Robert I. Rotberg (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qBdvxmuAwxYC"><i>Israeli and Palestinian Narratives of Conflict: History's Double Helix</i></a>. Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-21857-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-21857-5"><bdi>978-0-253-21857-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Arab+and+Palestinian+Narratives+of+the+1948+War&rft.btitle=Israeli+and+Palestinian+Narratives+of+Conflict%3A+History%27s+Double+Helix&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-253-21857-5&rft.aulast=Abdel+Jawad&rft.aufirst=Saleh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqBdvxmuAwxYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaplan2011" class="citation book cs1">Caplan, Neil (19 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JyAgn_dD43cC&pg=PT17">"War: Atzma'ut and Nakba"</a>. <i>The Israel-Palestine Conflict: Contested Histories</i>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-5786-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-5786-8"><bdi>978-1-4443-5786-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=War%3A+Atzma%27ut+and+Nakba&rft.btitle=The+Israel-Palestine+Conflict%3A+Contested+Histories&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2011-09-19&rft.isbn=978-1-4443-5786-8&rft.aulast=Caplan&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJyAgn_dD43cC%26pg%3DPT17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span id="gelber"><a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gelber" title="Yoav Gelber">Yoav Gelber</a>, <i>Palestine 1948</i>, Sussex Academic Press, Brighton, 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84519-075-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84519-075-0">978-1-84519-075-0</a></span></li> <li><span id="karsh"><a href="/wiki/Efraim_Karsh" title="Efraim Karsh">Efraim Karsh</a>, <i>The Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Palestine War 1948</i>, Osprey publishing, 2002.</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walid_Khalidi" title="Walid Khalidi">Walid Khalidi</a> (ed.), <i>All that remains</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88728-224-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88728-224-9">978-0-88728-224-9</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walid_Khalidi" title="Walid Khalidi">Walid Khalidi</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2537835">Selected Documents on the 1948 Palestine War</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Palestine_Studies" title="Journal of Palestine Studies">Journal of Palestine Studies</a>, 27(3), 79, 1998.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevett1991" class="citation magazine cs1">Levett, Gordon (1991). "The 'Other' Airlift". <i><a href="/wiki/Air_Enthusiast" title="Air Enthusiast">Air Enthusiast</a></i>. No. 44. pp. 17–25. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0143-5450">0143-5450</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Air+Enthusiast&rft.atitle=The+%27Other%27+Airlift&rft.issue=44&rft.pages=17-25&rft.date=1991&rft.issn=0143-5450&rft.aulast=Levett&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Palestine+war" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span id="morris"><a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Benny Morris</a>, <i>1948</i>, Yale University Press, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12696-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12696-9">978-0-300-12696-9</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Benny Morris</a>, <i>Righteous Victims</i>, Vintage Books (reprint edition), 2001, <span id="morris"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0679744757" title="Special:BookSources/978-0679744757">978-0679744757</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Benny Morris</a>, <i>The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947-1949</i>, Cambridge University Press, 2004, <span id="morris"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521009676" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521009676">978-0521009676</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilan_Pappe" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilan Pappe">Ilan Pappe</a>, <i>The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine</i>, Oneworld Publications, 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85168-555-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85168-555-4">978-1-85168-555-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Rogan" title="Eugene Rogan">Eugene Rogan</a> & <a href="/wiki/Avi_Shlaim" title="Avi Shlaim">Avi Shlaim</a>, <i>The War for Palestine — Rewriting the history of 1948</i>, Cambridge University Press, 2001.</li> <li><span id="tal"><a href="/wiki/David_Tal_(historian)" title="David Tal (historian)">David Tal</a>, <i>War in Palestine, 1948. Strategy and Diplomacy</i>, <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, 2004.</span></li> <li>Williamson, Bruce. "Caught in the Middle: Air Combat Between Israel and the RAF, 1948". <i><a href="/wiki/Air_Enthusiast" title="Air Enthusiast">Air Enthusiast</a> 115</i>, January–February 2005, pp. 2–10 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0143-5450">0143-5450</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arab–Israeli_armed_engagements" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_armed_engagements" title="Template:Arab–Israeli armed engagements"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_armed_engagements" title="Template talk:Arab–Israeli armed engagements"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_armed_engagements" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab–Israeli armed engagements"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arab–Israeli_armed_engagements" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="History of the Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli armed engagements</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1947–1959</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1948 Palestine war</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">Arab–Israeli War</a> (1948–1949)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Fedayeen_insurgency" title="Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency">Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency</a> (1949–1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a> (1956)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960–1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samu_incident" title="Samu incident">Samu incident</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a> (1967–1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karameh" title="Battle of Karameh">Battle of Karameh</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_insurgency_in_South_Lebanon" title="Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon">Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon</a> (1968–1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1968_Israeli_raid_on_Lebanon" title="1968 Israeli raid on Lebanon"><i>Gift</i></a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sabena_Flight_571" title="Sabena Flight 571">Sabena Flight 571</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lod_Airport_massacre" title="Lod Airport massacre">Lod Airport massacre</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mossad_assassinations_following_the_Munich_massacre" title="Mossad assassinations following the Munich massacre"><i>Bayonet</i></a> (1972–1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Arab_Airlines_Flight_114" title="Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114">Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ma%27alot_massacre" title="Ma'alot massacre">Ma'alot massacre</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Savoy_Hotel_attack" title="Savoy Hotel attack">Savoy Hotel attack</a> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Entebbe_raid" title="Entebbe raid"><i>Entebbe</i></a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Road_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal Road massacre">Coastal Road massacre</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1978_South_Lebanon_conflict" title="1978 South Lebanon conflict"><i>Litani</i></a> (1978)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Misgav_Am_hostage_crisis" title="Misgav Am hostage crisis">Misgav Am hostage crisis</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Opera" title="Operation Opera"><i>Opera</i></a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">Lebanon War</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bus_300_affair" title="Bus 300 affair">Bus 300 affair</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon_conflict_(1985%E2%80%932000)" title="South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)">South Lebanon conflict</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Wooden_Leg" title="Operation Wooden Leg"><i>Wooden Leg</i></a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a> (1987–1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mothers%27_Bus_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Mothers' Bus attack">Mothers' Bus attack</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khalil_al-Wazir#Assassination" title="Khalil al-Wazir">Tunis raid</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1991_Iraqi_missile_attacks_against_Israel" title="1991 Iraqi missile attacks against Israel">Iraqi missile attacks against Israel</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bramble_Bush" title="Operation Bramble Bush"><i>Bramble Bush</i></a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_suicide_attacks" title="Palestinian suicide attacks">Palestinian suicide attacks</a> (1993–2008; <a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_suicide_attacks" title="List of Palestinian suicide attacks">list</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Accountability" title="Operation Accountability"><i>Accountability</i></a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Grapes_of_Wrath" title="Operation Grapes of Wrath"><i>Grapes of Wrath</i></a> (1996)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000–2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a> (2000–2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel" title="Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel">Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel</a> (2001–)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ain_es_Saheb_airstrike" title="Ain es Saheb airstrike">Ain es Saheb airstrike</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bringing_Home_the_Goods" title="Operation Bringing Home the Goods"><i>Bringing Home the Goods</i></a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="2006 Gaza–Israel conflict"><i>Summer Rains</i></a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_Israeli_operation_in_Beit_Hanoun" title="2006 Israeli operation in Beit Hanoun"><i>Autumn Clouds</i></a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">Lebanon War</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel conflict</a> (2006–)</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hot_Winter" title="Operation Hot Winter"><i>Hot Winter</i></a> (2007–2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Gaza War (2008–2009)">Gaza War</a> (2008–2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2010_Palestinian_militancy_campaign" title="2010 Palestinian militancy campaign">Palestinian militancy campaign</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2011_southern_Israel_cross-border_attacks" title="2011 southern Israel cross-border attacks">Southern Israel cross-border attacks</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/March_2012_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="March 2012 Gaza–Israel clashes"><i>Returning Echo</i></a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_Israeli_operation_in_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Israeli operation in the Gaza Strip"><i>Pillar of Defense</i></a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_Gaza_War" title="2014 Gaza War">Gaza War</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_wave_of_violence_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="2015–2016 wave of violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Wave of violence</a> (2015–2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_Gaza_border_protests" title="2018–2019 Gaza border protests">Gaza border protests</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/November_2018_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="November 2018 Gaza–Israel clashes">Gaza–Israel clashes</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/May_2019_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="May 2019 Gaza–Israel clashes">Gaza–Israel clashes</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/November_2019_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="November 2019 Gaza–Israel clashes"><i>Black Belt</i></a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">Israel–Palestine crisis</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2022_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="2022 Gaza–Israel clashes"><i>Breaking Dawn</i></a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/May_2023_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="May 2023 Gaza–Israel clashes"><i>Shield and Arrow</i></a> (2023)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a> (2023–2024)</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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Palestine">Acre</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amka" title="Amka">Amqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-Samniyya" title="Arab al-Samniyya">Arab al-Samniyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bassa" title="Al-Bassa">al-Bassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Birwa" title="Al-Birwa">al-Birwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Damun" title="Al-Damun">al-Damun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayr_al-Qassi" title="Dayr al-Qassi">Dayr al-Qassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghabisiyya" title="Al-Ghabisiyya">al-Ghabisiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iqrit" title="Iqrit">Iqrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Iribbin" title="Khirbat Iribbin">Iribbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Jiddin" title="Khirbat Jiddin">Jiddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kabri" title="Al-Kabri">al-Kabri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_%27Inan" title="Kafr 'Inan">Kafr 'Inan</a></li> <li><a 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class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="14" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><div class=""> <div style="width: 300px; height: 600px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -50px; left: -100px; width: 500px"><div class="noresize"><div class="locmap" style="width:500px;float:right;clear:right"><div style="width:500px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:500px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="1948 Palestine war is located in Mandatory Palestine"><img alt="1948 Palestine war is located in Mandatory Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Mandatory_Palestine_location_map.svg/500px-Mandatory_Palestine_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="929" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Mandatory_Palestine_location_map.svg/750px-Mandatory_Palestine_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, 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typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kurnub" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:51.298%;left:39.965%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tarabin_Bedouin" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:52.308%;left:31.56%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Imara" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:47.652%;left:37.927%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Jammama" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:46.415%;left:34.562%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Najd,_Gaza" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:45.939%;left:36.122%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Burayr" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:45.284%;left:36.528%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hulayqat" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:45.165%;left:33.878%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Jirja" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:45.126%;left:41.656%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iraq_al-Manshiyya" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:45.112%;left:46.09%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Jibrin" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:45.099%;left:32.553%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hiribya" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.861%;left:46.987%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dayr_Nakhkhas" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.683%;left:36.122%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Tima" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.59%;left:34.519%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Jiyya" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.279%;left:43.216%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Zayta,_Hebron" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.14%;left:33.526%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ni%27ilya" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.008%;left:40.043%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hatta,_Gaza" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.73%;left:44.637%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Zikrin" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.677%;left:42.126%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Summil" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.347%;left:43.205%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Barqusya" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.122%;left:43.066%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bil%27in,_Gaza" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.963%;left:49.85%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Nattif" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.857%;left:38.942%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Sawafir_al-Sharqiyya" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.659%;left:47.97%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Az-Zakariyya" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.54%;left:38.622%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Sawafir_al-Shamaliyya" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.526%;left:51.816%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Tannur" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.302%;left:37.799%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Daras" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.288%;left:52.404%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Allar,_Jerusalem" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.163%;left:45.481%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mughallis" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.024%;left:52.041%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bayt_%27Itab" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.925%;left:40.855%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Qastina" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.746%;left:43.066%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Tina" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.634%;left:51.432%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dayr_al-Hawa" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.601%;left:42.265%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Masmiyya_al-Saghira" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.501%;left:55.726%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Jura,_Jerusalem" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.488%;left:41.72%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Masmiyya_al-Kabira" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.475%;left:38.44%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Batani_al-Gharbi" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.303%;left:55.748%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ein_Karem" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.243%;left:54.284%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Al-Lawz" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.091%;left:48.408%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dayr_Rafat" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.999%;left:49.466%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sar%27a" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.926%;left:51.966%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kasla,_Jerusalem" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.21%;left:54.893%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sataf" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.628%;left:53.803%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-%27Umur" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.589%;left:57.553%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lifta" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Suba,_Jerusalem" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.522%;left:52.842%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saris,_Jerusalem" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.397%;left:42.735%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Mukhayzin" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.172%;left:48.237%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Jiz" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.828%;left:50.71%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dayr_Ayyub" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.497%;left:46.335%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saydun" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.902%;left:40.246%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yibna" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.757%;left:45.128%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Na%27ani" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.71%;left:50.556%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Buwayra" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.631%;left:49.498%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Shanna" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.565%;left:41.912%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Zarnuqa" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.399%;left:46.774%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Barriyya" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.38%;left:50.726%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bir_Ma%27in" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.373%;left:48.365%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Kunayyisa" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.221%;left:41.207%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Qubayba,_Ramle" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.049%;left:50.855%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Burj,_Ramle" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.804%;left:48.483%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kharruba" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.44%;left:42.126%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Hunayn" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.354%;left:47.276%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Daniyal" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Khirbat_Zakariyya" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.057%;left:44.156%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Fadl,_Ramle" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Dayr_Abu_Salama" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.302%;left:44.872%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ramla" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:36.858%;left:45.694%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lydda" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.873%;left:44.274%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Safiriyya" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.026%;left:42.286%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yazur" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:34.471%;left:40.502%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:32.751%;left:47.041%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Muwaylih" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:31.905%;left:42.756%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ijlil_al-Shamaliyya" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:31.402%;left:47.585%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Saba" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:30.529%;left:47.105%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Miska,_Tulkarm" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:29.689%;left:43.739%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Zababida" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:29.094%;left:50.502%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fardisya" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:28.955%;left:44.904%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ghabat_Kafr_Sur" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:27.837%;left:44.818%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Umm_Khalid" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:34.828%;left:43.387%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Khayriyya" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:34.656%;left:46.976%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rantiya" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:27.143%;left:49.818%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Qaqun" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:26.329%;left:47.596%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Majdal" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:26.131%;left:47.906%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Zalafa" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:25.529%;left:69.241%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Hamra,_Baysan" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:25.212%;left:69.786%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-%27Arida" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Al-Manshiyya,_Tulkarm" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:25.357%;left:47.564%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Raml_Zayta" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:24.795%;left:46.41%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arab_Zahrat_al-Dumayri" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:24.689%;left:68.985%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Farwana" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:24.63%;left:70.096%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Umm_%27Ajra" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:24.524%;left:68.13%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Ashrafiyya" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:23.882%;left:67.767%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tall_al-Shawk" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:23.538%;left:47.799%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Al-Burj" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:23.228%;left:63.814%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Mazar,_Jenin" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.983%;left:47.981%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Shuna" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.646%;left:46.944%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kabara,_Haifa" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.52%;left:71.1%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Zab%27a" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.44%;left:62.607%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Zir%27in" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.255%;left:65.224%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Qumya" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.057%;left:54.573%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Kafrayn" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.587%;left:56.816%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ayn_al-Mansi" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.237%;left:69.38%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Bira,_Baysan" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.118%;left:68.248%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Danna,_Baysan" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.091%;left:55.31%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Abu_Shusha,_Haifa" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:20.668%;left:48.75%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Ghazal_(village)" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:20.562%;left:64.669%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indur" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:20.304%;left:52.434%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Umm_az-Zinat" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:19.491%;left:68.953%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hadatha" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:19.378%;left:75.545%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Hamma,_Tiberias" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Al-Manshiyya,_Tiberias" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:19.213%;left:67.853%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ma%27dhar" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:18.929%;left:72.596%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Samakh,_Tiberias" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:18.347%;left:56.603%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Alonei_Abba" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Bethlehem_of_Galilee" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:18.009%;left:66.955%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Sabt" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:17.745%;left:70.855%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Manara,_Palestine" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:17.341%;left:51.624%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Balad_al-Sheikh" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:17.242%;left:66.517%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lubya" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:16.825%;left:55.331%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Al-Kasayir" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:16.567%;left:66.282%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nimrin" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:16.336%;left:54.573%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wa%27arat_al-Sarris" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:15.993%;left:68.933%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hamaam,_Israel" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Wa%27ra_al-Sawda%27" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:15.754%;left:65.417%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Eilabun" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:14.947%;left:71.154%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tabgha" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:14.669%;left:72.19%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Samakiyya" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:14.226%;left:69.498%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Qudayriyya" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:14.087%;left:68.729%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Shuna" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:13.828%;left:70.648%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jubb_Yusuf" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:13.347%;left:69.209%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%27Akbara" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:12.784%;left:68.718%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Zahiriyya_al-Tahta" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:12.593%;left:55.641%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kuwaykat" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:12.394%;left:56.282%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Amka" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:12.163%;left:71.934%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Muntar" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:32.467%;left:44.818%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Abu_Kishk" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:11.627%;left:63.13%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sabalan,_Safad" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:11.779%;left:61.688%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Suhmata" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:11.733%;left:55.438%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Nahr" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:11.587%;left:68.408%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Taytaba" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:11.475%;left:73.739%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kirad_al-Ghannama" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:11.221%;left:70.316%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Marus,_Safad" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:10.866%;left:65.929%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Bir%27im" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:10.694%;left:73.846%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tulayl" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:10.337%;left:67.618%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fara,_Safad" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:10.106%;left:60.588%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iqrit" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:9.993%;left:69.509%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dayshum" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:9.881%;left:61.271%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Suruh" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:9.398%;left:69.476%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Malkiyya" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:9.22%;left:71.389%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Nabi_Yusha%27" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:8.472%;left:75.15%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khiyam_al-Walid" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:8.208%;left:72.97%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Zawiya,_Safad" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:11.382%;left:67.169%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jish" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:7.427%;left:72.885%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Na%27ima" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:7.176%;left:74.348%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-%27Abisiyya" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:7.149%;left:73.568%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Qaytiyya" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:7.024%;left:74.679%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Madahil" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:7.004%;left:73.526%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lazzaza" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:6.799%;left:70.951%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hunin" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:6.799%;left:71.816%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Khalisa" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:6.786%;left:73.12%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Zuq_al-Tahtani" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:6.753%;left:74.637%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansura,_Safad" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:6.544%;left:73.825%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Khisas" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:6.534%;left:73.333%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Manshiyya,_Safad" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:6.316%;left:73.793%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Sanbariyya" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:6.224%;left:74.487%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Shawka_al-Tahta" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:6.204%;left:75.844%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khan_al-Duwayr" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:6.104%;left:72.756%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Zuq_al-Fawqani" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:5.728%;left:72.34%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Abil_al-Qamh" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:10.926%;left:67.863%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Ras_al-Ahmar" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:10.582%;left:68.889%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Alma,_Safad" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:10.026%;left:71.827%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-Zubayd" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:9.742%;left:71.453%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Harrawi" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:9.583%;left:72.286%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Baysamun" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.581%;left:36.987%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Isdud" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:23.81%;left:45.833%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="1948 Palestine war"><img alt="1948 Palestine war" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> </div> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DBF7C9;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Beisan_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Beisan Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">Beisan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-%27Arida" title="Arab al-'Arida">Arab al-'Arida</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-Bawati" title="Arab al-Bawati">Arab al-Bawati</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-Safa" title="Arab al-Safa">Arab al-Safa</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Ashrafiyya" title="Al-Ashrafiyya">al-Ashrafiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bira,_Baysan" title="Al-Bira, Baysan">al-Bira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27an#British_Mandate" title="Beit She'an">Beisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danna,_Baysan" title="Danna, Baysan">Danna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farwana" title="Farwana">Farwana</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Fatur" title="Al-Fatur">al-Fatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazzawiyya" title="Al-Ghazzawiyya">al-Ghazzawiyya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Hamidiyya" title="Al-Hamidiyya">al-Hamidiyya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Hamra,_Baysan" title="Al-Hamra, Baysan">al-Hamra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabbul" title="Jabbul">Jabbul</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Kafra,_Baysan" title="Kafra, Baysan">Kafra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawkab_al-Hawa" title="Kawkab al-Hawa">Kawkab al-Hawa</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Khunayzir" title="Al-Khunayzir">al-Khunayzir</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Masil_al-Jizl" title="Masil al-Jizl">Masil al-Jizl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Murassas" title="Al-Murassas">al-Murassas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qumya" title="Qumya">Qumya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Sakhina" title="Al-Sakhina">al-Sakhina</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Samiriyya" title="Al-Samiriyya">al-Samiriyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirin,_Baysan" title="Sirin, Baysan">Sirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tall_al-Shawk" title="Tall al-Shawk">Tall al-Shawk</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Al-Taqa" title="Khirbat Al-Taqa">al-Taqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tira,_Baysan" title="Al-Tira, Baysan">al-Tira</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Umm_%27Ajra" title="Umm 'Ajra">Umm 'Ajra</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Umm_Sabuna" title="Khirbat Umm Sabuna">Umm Sabuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yubla" title="Yubla">Yubla</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Zab%27a" title="Zab'a">Zab'a</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Zawiya" title="Khirbat Zawiya">al-Zawiya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DBF7C9;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Beersheba_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Beersheba Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">Beersheba</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Imara" title="Al-Imara">al-Imara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jammama" title="Al-Jammama">al-Jammama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khalasa" title="Al-Khalasa">al-Khalasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auja_al-Hafir" title="Auja al-Hafir">Auja al-Hafir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DBF7C9;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Gaza Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">Gaza</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Suqrir" title="Arab Suqrir">Arab Suqrir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara,_Gaza" title="Barbara, Gaza">Barbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barqa,_Gaza" title="Barqa, Gaza">Barqa</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Batani_al-Gharbi" title="Al-Batani al-Gharbi">al-Batani al-Gharbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Batani_al-Sharqi" title="Al-Batani al-Sharqi">al-Batani al-Sharqi</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Bayt_%27Affa" title="Bayt 'Affa">Bayt 'Affa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Daras" title="Bayt Daras">Bayt Daras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Jirja" title="Bayt Jirja">Bayt Jirja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Tima" title="Bayt Tima">Bayt Tima</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Bil%27in,_Gaza" title="Bil'in, Gaza">Bil'in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burayr" title="Burayr">Burayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayr_Sunayd" title="Dayr Sunayd">Dayr Sunayd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimra" title="Dimra">Dimra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Faluja" title="Al-Faluja">al-Faluja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamama" title="Hamama">Hamama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatta,_Gaza" title="Hatta, Gaza">Hatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiribya" title="Hiribya">Hiribya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huj,_Gaza" title="Huj, Gaza">Huj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulayqat" title="Hulayqat">Hulayqat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibdis" title="Ibdis">Ibdis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_al-Manshiyya" title="Iraq al-Manshiyya">Iraq al-Manshiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_Suwaydan" title="Iraq Suwaydan">Iraq Suwaydan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isdud" title="Isdud">Isdud</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Jaladiyya" title="Al-Jaladiyya">al-Jaladiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jiyya" title="Al-Jiyya">al-Jiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julis,_Gaza" title="Julis, Gaza">Julis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jura" title="Al-Jura">al-Jura</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Jusayr" title="Jusayr">Jusayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karatiyya" title="Karatiyya">Karatiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawfakha" title="Kawfakha">Kawfakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawkaba" title="Kawkaba">Kawkaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khisas,_Gaza" title="Al-Khisas, Gaza">al-Khisas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masmiyya_al-Kabira" title="Al-Masmiyya al-Kabira">al-Masmiyya al-Kabira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masmiyya_al-Saghira" title="Al-Masmiyya al-Saghira">al-Masmiyya al-Saghira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muharraqa" title="Al-Muharraqa">al-Muharraqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najd,_Gaza" title="Najd, Gaza">Najd</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Ni%27ilya" title="Ni'ilya">Ni'ilya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qastina" title="Qastina">Qastina</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"> <a href="/wiki/Al-Sawafir_al-Gharbiyya" title="Al-Sawafir al-Gharbiyya">al-Sawafir al-Gharbiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sawafir_al-Shamaliyya" title="Al-Sawafir al-Shamaliyya">al-Sawafir al-Shamaliyya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Sawafir_al-Sharqiyya" title="Al-Sawafir al-Sharqiyya">al-Sawafir al-Sharqiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simsim,_Gaza" title="Simsim, Gaza">Simsim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summil" title="Summil">Summil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tall_al-Turmus" title="Tall al-Turmus">Tall al-Turmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasur,_Gaza" title="Yasur, Gaza">Yasur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DBF7C9;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Haifa_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Haifa Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">Haifa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Shusha,_Haifa" title="Abu Shusha, Haifa">Abu Shusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Zurayq" title="Abu Zurayq">Abu Zurayq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-Fuqara" title="Arab al-Fuqara">Arab al-Fuqara</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-Nufay%27at" title="Arab al-Nufay'at">Arab al-Nufay'at</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Arab_Zahrat_al-Dumayri" title="Arab Zahrat al-Dumayri">Arab Zahrat al-Dumayri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_P%C3%A8lerin" title="Château Pèlerin">'Atlit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Ghazal_(village)" title="Ayn Ghazal (village)">Ayn Ghazal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Hod" title="Ein Hod">Ayn Hawd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balad_al-Sheikh" title="Balad al-Sheikh">Balad al-Sheikh</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Barrat_Qisarya" title="Barrat Qisarya">Barrat Qisarya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Burayka" title="Burayka">Burayka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Al-Burj,_Haifa" title="Khirbat Al-Burj, Haifa">al-Burj</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Butaymat" title="Al-Butaymat">al-Butaymat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daliyat_al-Rawha%27" title="Daliyat al-Rawha'">Daliyat al-Rawha'</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Al-Dumun" title="Khirbat Al-Dumun">al-Dumun</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghubayya_al-Fawqa" title="Al-Ghubayya al-Fawqa">al-Ghubayya al-Fawqa</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghubayya_al-Tahta" title="Al-Ghubayya al-Tahta">al-Ghubayya al-Tahta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawsha" title="Hawsha">Hawsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijzim" title="Ijzim">Ijzim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaba%27,_Haifa" title="Jaba', Haifa">Jaba'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jalama,_Haifa" title="Al-Jalama, Haifa">al-Jalama</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Kabara,_Haifa" title="Kabara, Haifa">Kabara</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Kafrayn" title="Al-Kafrayn">al-Kafrayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Lam" title="Kafr Lam">Kafr Lam</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Al-Kasayir" title="Khirbat Al-Kasayir">al-Kasayir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khubbayza" title="Khubbayza">Khubbayza</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Lid" title="Khirbat Lid">Lid</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Al-Manara" title="Khirbat Al-Manara">al-Manara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansi" title="Al-Mansi">al-Mansi</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Mansura" title="Khirbat al-Mansura">al-Mansura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mazar,_Haifa" title="Al-Mazar, Haifa">al-Mazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naghnaghiya" title="Naghnaghiya">Naghnaghiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qannir" title="Qannir">Qannir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qira,_Haifa" title="Qira, Haifa">Qira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Qisarya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Qumbaza" title="Khirbat Qumbaza">Qumbaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Rihaniyya" title="Al-Rihaniyya">al-Rihaniyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabbarin" title="Sabbarin">Sabbarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sarafand" title="Al-Sarafand">al-Sarafand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Sarkas" title="Khirbat al-Sarkas">al-Sarkas</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Sa%27sa%27" title="Khirbat Sa'sa'">Sa'sa'</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Sawamir" title="Khirbat al-Sawamir">al-Sawamir</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Shuna" title="Khirbat al-Shuna">al-Shuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sindiyana" title="Al-Sindiyana">al-Sindiyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantura" title="Tantura">al-Tantura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tira,_Haifa" title="Al-Tira, Haifa">al-Tira</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Umm_ash_Shauf" title="Umm ash Shauf">Umm ash Shauf</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Umm_az-Zinat" title="Umm az-Zinat">Umm az-Zinat</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Wa%27arat_al-Sarris" title="Wa'arat al-Sarris">Wa'arat al-Sarris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Ara,_Haifa" title="Wadi Ara, Haifa">Wadi Ara</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Yajur,_Haifa" title="Yajur, Haifa">Yajur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DBF7C9;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebron_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Hebron Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">Hebron</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%27Ajjur" title="'Ajjur">'Ajjur</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Barqusya" title="Barqusya">Barqusya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Jibrin" title="Bayt Jibrin">Bayt Jibrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Nattif" title="Bayt Nattif">Bayt Nattif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Dawayima" title="Al-Dawayima">al-Dawayima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_al-Dubban" title="Deir al-Dubban">Deir al-Dubban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayr_Nakhkhas" title="Dayr Nakhkhas">Dayr Nakhkhas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudna" title="Kudna">Kudna</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Mughallis" title="Mughallis">Mughallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qubayba,_Hebron" title="Al-Qubayba, Hebron">al-Qubayba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%27na" title="Ra'na">Ra'na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_es-Safi" title="Tell es-Safi">Tell es-Safi</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Umm_Burj" title="Khirbat Umm Burj">Umm Burj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zekharia" title="Zekharia">az-Zakariyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zayta,_Hebron" title="Zayta, Hebron">Zayta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zikrin" title="Zikrin">Zikrin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DBF7C9;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jaffa_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Jaffa Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">Jaffa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-%27Abbasiyya" title="Al-'Abbasiyya">al-'Abbasiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Kabir" title="Abu Kabir">Abu Kabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Kishk" title="Abu Kishk">Abu Kishk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Dajan" title="Bayt Dajan">Bayt Dajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biyar_%27Adas" title="Biyar 'Adas">Biyar 'Adas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fajja" title="Fajja">Fajja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Haram,_Jaffa" title="Al-Haram, Jaffa">al-Haram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijlil_al-Qibliyya" title="Ijlil al-Qibliyya">Ijlil al-Qibliyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijlil_al-Shamaliyya" title="Ijlil al-Shamaliyya">Ijlil al-Shamaliyya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Jammasin_al-Gharbi" title="Al-Jammasin al-Gharbi">al-Jammasin al-Gharbi</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Jammasin_al-Sharqi" title="Al-Jammasin al-Sharqi">al-Jammasin al-Sharqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarisha" title="Jarisha">Jarisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_%27Ana" title="Kafr 'Ana">Kafr 'Ana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khayriyya" title="Al-Khayriyya">al-Khayriyya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Mas%27udiyya" title="Al-Mas'udiyya">al-Mas'udiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mirr" title="Al-Mirr">al-Mirr</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Muwaylih" title="Al-Muwaylih">al-Muwaylih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rantiya" title="Rantiya">Rantiya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Safiriyya" title="Al-Safiriyya">al-Safiriyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salama,_Jaffa" title="Salama, Jaffa">Salama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saqiya" title="Saqiya">Saqiya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Sawalima" title="Al-Sawalima">al-Sawalima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shaykh_Muwannis" title="Al-Shaykh Muwannis">al-Shaykh Muwannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazur" title="Yazur">Yazur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DBF7C9;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jenin_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Jenin Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">Jenin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Jawfa" title="Khirbat al-Jawfa">al-Jawfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mazar,_Jenin" title="Al-Mazar, Jenin">al-Mazar</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Ayn_al-Mansi" title="Ayn al-Mansi">Ayn al-Mansi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lajjun" title="Lajjun">Lajjun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuris" title="Nuris">Nuris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zir%27in" title="Zir'in">Zir'in</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DBF7C9;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Jerusalem Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">Jerusalem</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allar,_Jerusalem" title="Allar, Jerusalem">Allar</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Aqqur" title="Aqqur">Aqqur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artuf" title="Artuf">Artuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_%27Itab" title="Bayt 'Itab">Bayt 'Itab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Mahsir" title="Bayt Mahsir">Bayt Mahsir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Naqquba" title="Bayt Naqquba">Bayt Naqquba</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Thul" title="Bayt Thul">Bayt Thul</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Umm_al-Mays" title="Bayt Umm al-Mays">Bayt Umm al-Mays</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Burayj" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Burayj">al-Burayj</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Dayr_Aban" title="Dayr Aban">Dayr Aban</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Dayr_%27Amr" title="Dayr 'Amr">Dayr 'Amr</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Dayr_al-Hawa" title="Dayr al-Hawa">Dayr al-Hawa</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Dayr_Rafat" title="Dayr Rafat">Dayr Rafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayr_al-Shaykh" title="Dayr al-Shaykh">Dayr al-Shaykh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_Yassin" title="Deir Yassin">Deir Yassin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Karem" title="Ein Karem">Ayn Karim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishwa" title="Ishwa">Ishwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islin" title="Islin">Islin</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Ism_Allah" title="Khirbat Ism Allah">Ism Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarash,_Jerusalem" title="Jarash, Jerusalem">Jarash</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Jura,_Jerusalem" title="Al-Jura, Jerusalem">al-Jura</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Kasla,_Jerusalem" title="Kasla, Jerusalem">Kasla</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Al-Lawz" title="Khirbat Al-Lawz">al-Lawz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifta" title="Lifta">Lifta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malha" title="Malha">al-Maliha</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Nitaf" title="Nitaf">Nitaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qabu" title="Al-Qabu">al-Qabu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalunya" title="Qalunya">Qalunya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qastal,_Jerusalem" title="Al-Qastal, Jerusalem">al-Qastal</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Ras_Abu_%27Ammar" title="Ras Abu 'Ammar">Ras Abu 'Ammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sar%27a" title="Sar'a">Sar'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saris,_Jerusalem" title="Saris, Jerusalem">Saris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sataf" title="Sataf">Sataf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Badr,_Jerusalem" title="Sheikh Badr, Jerusalem">Sheikh Badr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suba,_Jerusalem" title="Suba, Jerusalem">Suba</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Sufla" title="Sufla">Sufla</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Tannur" title="Khirbat al-Tannur">al-Tannur</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-%27Umur" title="Khirbat al-'Umur">al-'Umur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Walaja" title="Al-Walaja">al-Walaja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DBF7C9;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nazareth_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Nazareth Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">Nazareth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mujaydil" title="Al-Mujaydil">al-Mujaydil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indur" title="Indur">Indur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27alul" title="Ma'alul">Ma'alul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepphoris" title="Sepphoris">Saffuriyya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DBF7C9;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ramle_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Ramle Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">Ramle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Fadl,_Ramle" title="Abu al-Fadl, Ramle">Abu al-Fadl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Shusha" title="Abu Shusha">Abu Shusha</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Ajanjul" title="Ajanjul">Ajanjul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqir" title="Aqir">Aqir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barfiliya" title="Barfiliya">Barfiliya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Barriyya" title="Al-Barriyya">al-Barriyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashshit" title="Bashshit">Bashshit</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Bayt_Far" title="Khirbat Bayt Far">Bayt Far</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Jiz" title="Bayt Jiz">Bayt Jiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Nabala" title="Bayt Nabala">Bayt Nabala</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Shanna" title="Bayt Shanna">Bayt Shanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Susin" title="Bayt Susin">Bayt Susin</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Bir_Ma%27in" title="Bir Ma'in">Bir Ma'in</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Bir_Salim" title="Bir Salim">Bir Salim</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Burj,_Ramle" title="Al-Burj, Ramle">al-Burj</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Buwayra" title="Khirbat al-Buwayra">al-Buwayra</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Daniyal" title="Daniyal">Daniyal</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Dayr_Abu_Salama" title="Dayr Abu Salama">Dayr Abu Salama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayr_Ayyub" title="Dayr Ayyub">Dayr Ayyub</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Dayr_Muhaysin" title="Dayr Muhaysin">Dayr Muhaysin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayr_Tarif" title="Dayr Tarif">Dayr Tarif</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Duhayriyya" title="Khirbat al-Duhayriyya">al-Duhayriyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Haditha,_Ramle" title="Al-Haditha, Ramle">al-Haditha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idnibba" title="Idnibba">Idnibba</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Innaba" title="Innaba">Innaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilya" title="Jilya">Jilya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimzu" title="Jimzu">Jimzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharruba" title="Kharruba">Kharruba</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Khayma" title="Al-Khayma">al-Khayma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khulda" title="Khulda">Khulda</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Kunayyisa" title="Al-Kunayyisa">al-Kunayyisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latrun" title="Latrun">al-Latrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lod" title="Lod">Lydda</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Maghar" title="Al-Maghar">al-Maghar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majdal_Yaba" title="Majdal Yaba">Majdal Yaba</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansura,_Ramle" title="Al-Mansura, Ramle">al-Mansura</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Mukhayzin" title="Al-Mukhayzin">al-Mukhayzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muzayri%27a" title="Al-Muzayri'a">al-Muzayri'a</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Na%27ani" title="Al-Na'ani">al-Na'ani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabi_Rubin" title="Nabi Rubin">al-Nabi Rubin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatra" title="Qatra">Qatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qazaza" title="Qazaza">Qazaza</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Qubab" title="Al-Qubab">al-Qubab</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Qubayba,_Ramle" title="Al-Qubayba, Ramle">al-Qubayba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qula" title="Qula">Qula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramla" title="Ramla">Ramla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajad" title="Sajad">Sajad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salbit" title="Salbit">Salbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarafand_al-Amar" title="Sarafand al-Amar">Sarafand al-Amar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarafand_al-Kharab" title="Sarafand al-Kharab">Sarafand al-Kharab</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Saydun" title="Saydun">Saydun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahma" title="Shahma">Shahma</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Shilta" title="Shilta">Shilta</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Tina" title="Al-Tina">al-Tina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tira,_Ramle" title="Al-Tira, Ramle">al-Tira</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Umm_Kalkha" title="Umm Kalkha">Umm Kalkha</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Hunayn" title="Wadi Hunayn">Wadi Hunayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibna" title="Yibna">Yibna</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Zakariyya" title="Khirbat Zakariyya">Zakariyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarnuqa" title="Zarnuqa">Zarnuqa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DBF7C9;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Safad_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Safad Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">Safad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abil_al-Qamh" title="Abil al-Qamh">Abil al-Qamh</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-%27Abisiyya" title="Al-'Abisiyya">al-'Abisiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Akbara" title="'Akbara">'Akbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alma,_Safad" class="mw-redirect" title="Alma, Safad">Alma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammuqa" title="Ammuqa">Ammuqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-Shamalina" title="Arab al-Shamalina">Arab al-Shamalina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-Zubayd" title="Arab al-Zubayd">Arab al-Zubayd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_al-Zeitun" title="Ein al-Zeitun">Ayn al-Zaytun</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Baysamun" title="Baysamun">Baysamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biriyya" title="Biriyya">Biriyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Butayha" title="Al-Butayha">al-Butayha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Buwayziyya" title="Al-Buwayziyya">al-Buwayziyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallata" title="Dallata">Dallata</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Dawwara" title="Al-Dawwara">al-Dawwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayshum" title="Dayshum">Dayshum</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Dirbashiyya" title="Al-Dirbashiyya">al-Dirbashiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Dirdara" title="Al-Dirdara">al-Dirdara</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Fara,_Safad" title="Fara, Safad">Fara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farradiyya" title="Farradiyya">al-Farradiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fir%27im" title="Fir'im">Fir'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghabbatiyya" title="Ghabbatiyya">Ghabbatiyya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Ghuraba,_Safad" title="Ghuraba, Safad">Ghuraba</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Hamra%27" title="Al-Hamra'">al-Hamra'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrawi" title="Harrawi">Harrawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunin" title="Hunin">Hunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Husayniyya,_Safad" title="Al-Husayniyya, Safad">al-Husayniyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahula" title="Jahula">Jahula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ja%27una" title="Al-Ja'una">al-Ja'una</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubb_Yusuf" title="Jubb Yusuf">Jubb Yusuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Bir%27im" title="Kafr Bir'im">Kafr Bir'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khalisa" title="Al-Khalisa">al-Khalisa</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khan_al-Duwayr" title="Khan al-Duwayr">Khan al-Duwayr</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Chorazin" title="Chorazin">Karraza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khisas" title="Al-Khisas">al-Khisas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khiyam_al-Walid" title="Khiyam al-Walid">Khiyam al-Walid</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Kirad_al-Baqqara" title="Kirad al-Baqqara">Kirad al-Baqqara</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Kirad_al-Ghannama" title="Kirad al-Ghannama">Kirad al-Ghannama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazzaza" title="Lazzaza">Lazzaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madahil" title="Madahil">Madahil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Malkiyya" title="Al-Malkiyya">Al-Malkiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallaha" title="Mallaha">Mallaha</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Manshiyya,_Safad" title="Al-Manshiyya, Safad">al-Manshiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansura,_Safad" title="Al-Mansura, Safad">al-Mansura</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Mansurat_al-Khayt" title="Mansurat al-Khayt">Mansurat al-Khayt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marus,_Safad" title="Marus, Safad">Marus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meiron" title="Meiron">Meiron</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Muftakhira" title="Al-Muftakhira">al-Muftakhira</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Mughr_al-Khayt" title="Mughr al-Khayt">Mughr al-Khayt</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Muntar" title="Khirbat al-Muntar">al-Muntar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nabi_Yusha%27" title="Al-Nabi Yusha'">al-Nabi Yusha'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Na%27ima" title="Al-Na'ima">al-Na'ima</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Qabba%27a" title="Qabba'a">Qabba'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedesh" title="Kedesh">Qadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaddita" title="Qaddita">Qaddita</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Qaytiyya" title="Qaytiyya">Qaytiyya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Qudayriyya" title="Al-Qudayriyya">al-Qudayriyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ras_al-Ahmar" title="Al-Ras al-Ahmar">al-Ras al-Ahmar</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Sabalan,_Safad" title="Sabalan, Safad">Sabalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safsaf" title="Safsaf">Safsaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saliha" title="Saliha">Saliha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Salihiyya,_Palestine" title="Al-Salihiyya, Palestine">al-Salihiyya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Sammu%27i" title="Al-Sammu'i">al-Sammu'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sanbariyya" title="Al-Sanbariyya">al-Sanbariyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27sa%27" title="Sa'sa'">Sa'sa'</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Shawka_al-Tahta" title="Al-Shawka al-Tahta">al-Shawka al-Tahta</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Shuna" title="Al-Shuna">al-Shuna</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Taytaba" title="Taytaba">Taytaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulayl" title="Tulayl">Tulayl</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-%27Ulmaniyya" title="Al-'Ulmaniyya">al-'Ulmaniyya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-%27Urayfiyya" title="Al-'Urayfiyya">al-'Urayfiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wayziyya" title="Al-Wayziyya">al-Wayziyya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Yarda,_Safad" title="Yarda, Safad">Yarda, Safad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zahiriyya_al-Tahta" title="Al-Zahiriyya al-Tahta">al-Zahiriyya al-Tahta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zanghariyya" title="Al-Zanghariyya">al-Zanghariyya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Zawiya,_Safad" title="Zawiya, Safad">Zawiya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Zuq_al-Fawqani" title="Al-Zuq al-Fawqani">al-Zuq al-Fawqani</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Zuq_al-Tahtani" title="Al-Zuq al-Tahtani">al-Zuq al-Tahtani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DBF7C9;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tiberias_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Tiberias Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">Tiberias</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awlam" title="Awlam">Awlam</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Dalhamiyya" title="Al-Dalhamiyya">al-Dalhamiyya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Ghuwayr_Abu_Shusha" title="Ghuwayr Abu Shusha">Ghuwayr Abu Shusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadatha" title="Hadatha">Hadatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hamma,_Tiberias" title="Al-Hamma, Tiberias">al-Hamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittin" title="Hittin">Hittin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Sabt" title="Kafr Sabt">Kafr Sabt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubya" title="Lubya">Lubya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Ma%27dhar" title="Ma'dhar">Ma'dhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdala#Al-Majdal" title="Magdala">al-Majdal</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Manara,_Palestine" title="Al-Manara, Palestine">al-Manara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Manshiyya,_Tiberias" title="Al-Manshiyya, Tiberias">al-Manshiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansura,_Tiberias" title="Al-Mansura, Tiberias">al-Mansura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_ad-Din,_Palestine" title="Nasir ad-Din, Palestine">Nasir al-Din</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimrin" title="Nimrin">Nimrin</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Nuqayb" title="Al-Nuqayb">al-Nuqayb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samakh,_Tiberias" title="Samakh, Tiberias">Samakh</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Samakiyya" title="Al-Samakiyya">al-Samakiyya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Samra" title="Al-Samra">al-Samra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shajara,_Palestine" title="Al-Shajara, Palestine">al-Shajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabgha" title="Tabgha">al-Tabigha</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Ubeidiya,_Tiberias" title="Ubeidiya, Tiberias">al-'Ubaydiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamaam,_Israel" title="Hamaam, Israel">Wadi Hamam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Wa%27ra_al-Sawda%27" title="Khirbat al-Wa'ra al-Sawda'">al-Wa'ra al-Sawda'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaquq" title="Yaquq">Yaquq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DBF7C9;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tulkarm_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Tulkarm Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">Tulkarm</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Bayt_Lid" title="Khirbat Bayt Lid">Bayt Lid</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Bayyarat_Hannun" title="Bayyarat Hannun">Bayyarat Hannun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fardisya" title="Fardisya">Fardisya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Ghabat_Kafr_Sur" title="Ghabat Kafr Sur">Ghabat Kafr Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jalama,_Tulkarm" title="Al-Jalama, Tulkarm">al-Jalama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Saba" title="Kafr Saba">Kafr Saba</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Majdal" title="Khirbat al-Majdal">al-Majdal</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Manshiyya,_Tulkarm" title="Al-Manshiyya, Tulkarm">al-Manshiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miska,_Tulkarm" title="Miska, Tulkarm">Miska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaqun" title="Qaqun">Qaqun</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Raml_Zayta" title="Raml Zayta">Raml Zayta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabsur" title="Tabsur">Tabsur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Khalid" title="Umm Khalid">Umm Khalid</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Wadi_al-Hawarith" title="Wadi al-Hawarith">Wadi al-Hawarith</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Qabbani" title="Wadi Qabbani">Wadi Qabbani</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Zababida" title="Khirbat al-Zababida">al-Zabadida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Zalafa" title="Khirbat Zalafa">Zalafa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anti-Jewish_attacks_in_Arab_countries_during_the_1948_Palestine_war_and_its_aftermath" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anti-Jewish_attacks_in_Arab_countries_during_the_1948_Palestine_war_and_its_aftermath" title="Template:Anti-Jewish attacks in Arab countries during the 1948 Palestine war and its aftermath"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anti-Jewish_attacks_in_Arab_countries_during_the_1948_Palestine_war_and_its_aftermath" title="Template talk:Anti-Jewish attacks in Arab countries during the 1948 Palestine war and its aftermath"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anti-Jewish_attacks_in_Arab_countries_during_the_1948_Palestine_war_and_its_aftermath" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anti-Jewish attacks in Arab countries during the 1948 Palestine war and its aftermath"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anti-Jewish_attacks_in_Arab_countries_during_the_1948_Palestine_war_and_its_aftermath" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_exodus_from_the_Muslim_world#Main_exodus_waves" title="Jewish exodus from the Muslim world">Anti-Jewish attacks in Arab countries during the 1948 Palestine war and its aftermath</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;">1947</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1947_anti-Jewish_riots_in_Aleppo" title="1947 anti-Jewish riots in Aleppo">Aleppo riots (Syria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_anti-Jewish_riots_in_Aden" title="1947 anti-Jewish riots in Aden">Aden riots (Aden)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_anti-Jewish_riots_in_Manama" title="1947 anti-Jewish riots in Manama">Manama riots (Bahrain)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;">1948</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Anti-Jewish_riots_in_Oujda_and_Jerada" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Anti-Jewish riots in Oujda and Jerada">Oujda and Jerada riots (Morocco)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Cairo_bombings" title="1948 Cairo bombings">Cairo bombings (Egypt)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_anti-Jewish_riots_in_Tripolitania" title="1948 anti-Jewish riots in Tripolitania">Tripolitania riots (Libya)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;">1949</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1949_Menarsha_synagogue_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="1949 Menarsha synagogue attack">Menarsha synagogue attack (Syria)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nakba" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#F5F5DC"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nakbaend" title="Template:Nakbaend"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nakbaend" title="Template talk:Nakbaend"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nakbaend" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nakbaend"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nakba" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F5F5DC;width:1%;background:#F5F5DC">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Israeli Declaration of Independence">Israeli Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarian_conflict_in_Mandatory_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sectarian conflict in Mandatory Palestine">Sectarian conflict in Mandatory Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Historians" title="New Historians">New Historians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan_Dalet" title="Plan Dalet">Plan Dalet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">1947 partition plan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F5F5DC;width:1%;background:#F5F5DC">Main articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931949_Palestine_war" class="mw-redirect" title="1947–1949 Palestine war">1947–1949 Palestine war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine">1947–1948 civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_the_1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="Causes of the 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">causes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Relief_and_Works_Agency_for_Palestine_Refugees_in_the_Near_East" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East">UNRWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakba_Day" title="Nakba Day">Nakba Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakba_denial" title="Nakba denial">Nakba denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_refugee_camps" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine refugee camps">Palestine refugee camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian refugee">Palestinian refugee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_right_of_return" title="Palestinian right of return">Palestinian right of return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Present_absentee" title="Present absentee">Present absentee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_Committee" title="Transfer Committee">Transfer Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_194" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194">Resolution 194</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F5F5DC;width:1%;background:#F5F5DC">Key incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_battle_of_Hatikvah_Neighborhood" title="The battle of Hatikvah Neighborhood">The battle of Hatikvah Neighborhood</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haifa_(1948)" title="Battle of Haifa (1948)">Battle of Haifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_Yassin_massacre" title="Deir Yassin massacre">Deir Yassin massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_from_Lydda_and_Ramle" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion from Lydda and Ramle">Expulsion from Lydda and Ramle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F5F5DC;width:1%;background:#F5F5DC">Notable writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aref_al-Aref" title="Aref al-Aref">Aref al-Aref</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gelber" title="Yoav Gelber">Yoav Gelber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efraim_Karsh" title="Efraim Karsh">Efraim Karsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walid_Khalidi" title="Walid Khalidi">Walid Khalidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_Masalha" title="Nur Masalha">Nur Masalha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Benny Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilan_Papp%C3%A9" title="Ilan Pappé">Ilan Pappé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Segev" title="Tom Segev">Tom Segev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Sela" title="Avraham Sela">Avraham Sela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avi_Shlaim" title="Avi Shlaim">Avi Shlaim</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Origins_and_Evolution_of_the_Palestine_Problem" title="The Origins and Evolution of the Palestine Problem">The Origins and Evolution of the Palestine Problem</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F5F5DC;width:1%;background:#F5F5DC">Related categories/lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arab_towns_and_villages_depopulated_during_the_1948_Palestinian_exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Arab towns and villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestinian exodus">Villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestinian exodus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F5F5DC;width:1%;background:#F5F5DC">Related templates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Palestinians" title="Template:Palestinians">Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Template:Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Template:Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Template:Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#F5F5DC"><div><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_and_the_Nakba" title="The Holocaust and the Nakba">The Holocaust and the Nakba</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cold_War" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cold_War" title="Template:Cold War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cold_War" title="Template talk:Cold War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cold_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cold War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cold_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS">ANZUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Treaty_Organization" title="Central Treaty Organization">METO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organization">SEATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Northeast Asia Treaty Organization">NEATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Treaty_of_Reciprocal_Assistance" title="Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance">Rio Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morgenthau_Plan" title="Morgenthau Plan">Morgenthau Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukbalahap_rebellion" title="Hukbalahap rebellion">Hukbalahap rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_political_conflict" title="Jamaican political conflict">Jamaican political conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dekemvriana" title="Dekemvriana">Dekemvriana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Guerrilla war in the Baltic states">Guerrilla war in the Baltic states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Priboi" title="Operation Priboi">Operation <i>Priboi</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jungle" title="Operation Jungle">Operation <i>Jungle</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Occupation of the Baltic states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursed_soldiers" title="Cursed soldiers">Cursed soldiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Unthinkable" title="Operation Unthinkable">Operation <i>Unthinkable</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouzenko_Affair" title="Gouzenko Affair">Gouzenko Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Division of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Vietnam_(1945%E2%80%931946)" title="War in Vietnam (1945–1946)">Operation <i>Masterdom</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Beleaguer" title="Operation Beleaguer">Operation <i>Beleaguer</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blacklist_Forty" title="Operation Blacklist Forty">Operation <i>Blacklist Forty</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_crisis_of_1946" title="Iran crisis of 1946">Iran crisis of 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Plan" title="Baruch Plan">Baruch Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corfu_Channel_incident" title="Corfu Channel incident">Corfu Channel incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Straits_crisis" title="Turkish Straits crisis">Turkish Straits crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restatement_of_Policy_on_Germany" title="Restatement of Policy on Germany">Restatement of Policy on Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Polish_parliamentary_election" title="1947 Polish parliamentary election">1947 Polish parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Doctrine" title="Truman Doctrine">Truman Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Relations_Conference" title="Asian Relations Conference">Asian Relations Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1947_crises" title="May 1947 crises">May 1947 crises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_war_of_1947%E2%80%931948" title="Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948">Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1947–1949 Palestine war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine">1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comecon" title="Comecon">Comecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Czechoslovak_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état">1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Control_Council#Incapacitation_of_the_council" title="Allied Control Council">Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wathbah_uprising" title="Al-Wathbah uprising">Al-Wathbah uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split" title="Tito–Stalin split">Tito–Stalin split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Blockade" title="Berlin Blockade">Berlin Blockade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Hyderabad" title="Annexation of Hyderabad">Annexation of Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madiun_Affair" title="Madiun Affair">Madiun Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_betrayal" title="Western betrayal">Western betrayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Curtain" title="Iron Curtain">Iron Curtain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Bloc" title="Western Bloc">Western Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">Chinese Communist Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1949_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="March 1949 Syrian coup d'état">March 1949 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Valuable" title="Operation Valuable">Operation Valuable</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_curtain" title="Bamboo curtain">Bamboo curtain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Cold_War" title="Arab Cold War">Arab Cold War (1952–1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Egyptian_revolution" title="1952 Egyptian revolution">1952 Egyptian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Intifada_(1952)" title="Iraqi Intifada (1952)">Iraqi Intifada (1952)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mau_Mau_rebellion" title="Mau Mau rebellion">Mau Mau rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_German_uprising_of_1953" title="East German uprising of 1953">East German uprising of 1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1953 Iranian coup d'état">1953 Iranian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pact_of_Madrid" title="Pact of Madrid">Pact of Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bricker_Amendment" title="Bricker Amendment">Bricker Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1954 Syrian coup d'état">1954 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrov_Affair" title="Petrov Affair">Petrov Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domino_theory" title="Domino theory">Domino theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Geneva_Conference" title="1954 Geneva Conference">1954 Geneva Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Guatemalan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1954 Guatemalan coup d'état">1954 Guatemalan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Tuapse" title="Capture of the Tuapse">Capture of the <i>Tuapse</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="First Taiwan Strait Crisis">First Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Akhdar_War" title="Jebel Akhdar War">Jebel Akhdar War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Princess" title="Kashmir Princess">Kashmir Princess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_Conference" title="Bandung Conference">Bandung Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Summit_(1955)" title="Geneva Summit (1955)">Geneva Summit (1955)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Emergency" title="Cyprus Emergency">Cyprus Emergency</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_the_Cult_of_Personality_and_Its_Consequences" title="On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences">On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Pozna%C5%84_protests" title="1956 Poznań protests">1956 Poznań protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Revolution of 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_October" title="Polish October">Polish October</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_will_bury_you" title="We will bury you">We will bury you</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gladio" title="Operation Gladio">Operation <i>Gladio</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Crisis_of_1957" title="Syrian Crisis of 1957">Syrian Crisis of 1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_crisis" title="Sputnik crisis">Sputnik crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifni_War" title="Ifni War">Ifni War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_July_Revolution" title="14 July Revolution">Iraqi 14 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Lebanon_crisis" title="1958 Lebanon crisis">1958 Lebanon crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Second Taiwan Strait Crisis">Second Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Mosul_uprising" title="1959 Mosul uprising">1959 Mosul uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Tibetan_uprising" title="1959 Tibetan uprising">1959 Tibetan uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laotian_Civil_War" title="Laotian Civil War">Laotian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_Debate" title="Kitchen Debate">Kitchen Debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolution" title="Cuban Revolution">Cuban Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidation_of_the_Cuban_Revolution" title="Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution">Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split" title="Sino-Soviet split">Sino-Soviet split</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">Congo Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simba_rebellion" title="Simba rebellion">Simba rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_U-2_incident" title="1960 U-2 incident">1960 U-2 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1960 Turkish coup d'état">1960 Turkish coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian%E2%80%93Soviet_split" title="Albanian–Soviet split">Albanian–Soviet split</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Soviets_from_Albania" title="Expulsion of Soviets from Albania">Expulsion of Soviets from Albania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_conflict" title="Iraqi–Kurdish conflict">Iraqi–Kurdish conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_War" title="First Iraqi–Kurdish War">First Iraqi–Kurdish War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Crisis_of_1961" title="Berlin Crisis of 1961">Berlin Crisis of 1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">Annexation of Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_conflict" title="Papua conflict">Papua conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_confrontation" title="Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation">Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_War" title="Sand War">Sand War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Colonial_War" title="Portuguese Colonial War">Portuguese Colonial War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_War_of_Independence" title="Angolan War of Independence">Angolan War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_War_of_Independence" title="Guinea-Bissau War of Independence">Guinea-Bissau War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_War_of_Independence" title="Mozambican War of Independence">Mozambican War of Independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Porte%C3%B1azo" title="El Porteñazo">El Porteñazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Sarawak" title="Communist insurgency in Sarawak">Communist insurgency in Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan_Revolution" title="Ramadan Revolution">Ramadan Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_War_of_Independence" title="Eritrean War of Independence">Eritrean War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yemen_Civil_War" title="North Yemen Civil War">North Yemen Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Syrian coup d'état">1963 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">Assassination of John F. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aden_Emergency" title="Aden Emergency">Aden Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_intercommunal_violence#Crisis_of_1963–1964" title="Cypriot intercommunal violence">Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shifta_War" title="Shifta War">Shifta War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Dirty_War" title="Mexican Dirty War">Mexican Dirty War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tlatelolco_massacre" title="Tlatelolco massacre">Tlatelolco massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Civil_War" title="Guatemalan Civil War">Guatemalan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_conflict" title="Colombian conflict">Colombian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Brazilian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1964 Brazilian coup d'état">1964 Brazilian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Civil_War" title="Dominican Civil War">Dominican Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodesian_Bush_War" title="Rhodesian Bush War">Rhodesian Bush War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_mass_killings_of_1965%E2%80%9366" title="Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66">Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_to_the_New_Order" title="Transition to the New Order">Transition to the New Order (Indonesia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Declaration" title="ASEAN Declaration">ASEAN Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Syrian coup d'état">1966 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Revolution" title="Argentine Revolution">Argentine Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Border_War" title="South African Border War">South African Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_DMZ_Conflict" title="Korean DMZ Conflict">Korean DMZ Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-3_incident" title="12-3 incident">12-3 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_junta" title="Greek junta">Greek junta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Hong_Kong_riots" title="1967 Hong Kong riots">1967 Hong Kong riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Years_of_Lead_(Italy)" title="Years of Lead (Italy)">Years of Lead (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhofar_War" title="Dhofar War">Dhofar War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wadiah_War" title="Al-Wadiah War">Al-Wadiah War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Civil_War" title="Nigerian Civil War">Nigerian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_of_1968" title="Protests of 1968">Protests of 1968</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_68" title="May 68">May 68</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_Spring" title="Prague Spring">Prague Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2)#Pueblo_incident" title="USS Pueblo (AGER-2)">USS <i>Pueblo</i> incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Polish_political_crisis" title="1968 Polish political crisis">1968 Polish political crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968%E2%80%931971_East_Pakistan_communist_insurgency" title="1968–1971 East Pakistan communist insurgency">1968–1971 East Pakistan communist insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Malaysia_(1968%E2%80%931989)" title="Communist insurgency in Malaysia (1968–1989)">Communist insurgency in Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_July_Revolution" title="17 July Revolution">17 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Peruvian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1968 Peruvian coup d'état">1968 Peruvian coup d'état</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Government_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Peru" title="Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces of Peru">Revolutionary Government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1969 Sudanese coup d'état">1969 Sudanese coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Libyan_revolution" title="1969 Libyan revolution">1969 Libyan revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goulash_Communism" title="Goulash Communism">Goulash Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_border_conflict" title="Sino-Soviet border conflict">Sino-Soviet border conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Army_rebellion" title="New People's Army rebellion">New People's Army rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tente" title="Détente">Détente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons">Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_September" title="Black September">Black September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcora_Exercise" title="Alcora Exercise">Alcora Exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_Movement_(Syria)" title="Corrective Movement (Syria)">Corrective Movement (Syria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Civil_War" title="Cambodian Civil War">Cambodian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Thailand" title="Communist insurgency in Thailand">Communist insurgency in Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Polish_protests" title="1970 Polish protests">1970 Polish protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koza_riot" title="Koza riot">Koza riot</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Realpolitik" title="Realpolitik">Realpolitik</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ping-pong_diplomacy" title="Ping-pong diplomacy">Ping-pong diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_JVP_insurrection" title="1971 JVP insurrection">1971 JVP insurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_revolution_(Egypt)" title="Corrective revolution (Egypt)">Corrective revolution (Egypt)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Turkish_military_memorandum" title="1971 Turkish military memorandum">1971 Turkish military memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1971 Sudanese coup d'état">1971 Sudanese coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Power_Agreement_on_Berlin" title="Four Power Agreement on Berlin">Four Power Agreement on Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_visit_by_Richard_Nixon_to_China" title="1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China">1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen#Disputes_with_North_Yemen" title="South Yemen">North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Yemenite_War" title="First Yemenite War">First Yemenite War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972%E2%80%931975_Bangladesh_insurgency" title="1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency">1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Civil_Wars" title="Eritrean Civil Wars">Eritrean Civil Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Uruguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Uruguayan coup d'état">1973 Uruguayan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Afghan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Afghan coup d'état">1973 Afghan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Chilean coup d'état">1973 Chilean coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">Spanish transition to democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapolitefsi" title="Metapolitefsi">Metapolitefsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Arms_Limitation_Talks" title="Strategic Arms Limitation Talks">Strategic Arms Limitation Talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_War" title="Second Iraqi–Kurdish War">Second Iraqi–Kurdish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_August_1975_Bangladeshi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="15 August 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état">15 August 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_November_1975_Bangladeshi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="3 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état">Siege of Dhaka (1975)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_November_1975_Bangladeshi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="7 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état">Sipahi-Janata revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_genocide" title="Cambodian genocide">Cambodian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1976_protests" title="June 1976 protests">June 1976 protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_Civil_War" title="Mozambican Civil War">Mozambican Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oromo_conflict" title="Oromo conflict">Oromo conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Somali_coup_attempt" title="1978 Somali coup attempt">1978 Somali coup attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_War" title="Western Sahara War">Western Sahara War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_War" title="Ethiopian Civil War">Ethiopian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Albanian_split" title="Sino-Albanian split">Sino-Albanian split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Indochina_War" title="Third Indochina War">Third Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War" title="Cambodian–Vietnamese War">Cambodian–Vietnamese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_conflict_(1979%E2%80%931998)" title="Cambodian conflict (1979–1998)">Cambodian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Condor" title="Operation Condor">Operation <i>Condor</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_War" title="Dirty War">Dirty War (Argentina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Argentine_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1976 Argentine coup d'état">1976 Argentine coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian%E2%80%93Libyan_War" title="Egyptian–Libyan War">Egyptian–Libyan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Autumn" title="German Autumn">German Autumn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_902" title="Korean Air Lines Flight 902">Korean Air Lines Flight 902</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Revolution" title="Nicaraguan Revolution">Nicaraguan Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda%E2%80%93Tanzania_War" title="Uganda–Tanzania War">Uganda–Tanzania War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NDF_Rebellion" title="NDF Rebellion">NDF Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian%E2%80%93Libyan_War" title="Chadian–Libyan War">Chadian–Libyan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Yemenite_War" title="Second Yemenite War">Second Yemenite War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Mosque_seizure" title="Grand Mosque seizure">Grand Mosque seizure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_revolution" title="Iranian revolution">Iranian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saur_Revolution" title="Saur Revolution">Saur Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Vietnamese_War" title="Sino-Vietnamese War">Sino-Vietnamese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jewel_Movement" title="New Jewel Movement">New Jewel Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Herat_uprising" title="1979 Herat uprising">1979 Herat uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Days_to_the_River_Rhine" title="Seven Days to the River Rhine">Seven Days to the River Rhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struggle_against_political_abuse_of_psychiatry_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union">Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Civil_War" title="Salvadoran Civil War">Salvadoran Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics_boycott" title="1980 Summer Olympics boycott">1980</a> and <a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics_boycott" title="1984 Summer Olympics boycott">1984 Summer Olympics boycotts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gera_Demands" title="Gera Demands">Gera Demands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Civil_War_of_1980%E2%80%932000" title="Peruvian Civil War of 1980–2000">Peruvian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk_Agreement" title="Gdańsk Agreement">Gdańsk Agreement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (Polish trade union)">Solidarity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Civil_Wars" title="Eritrean Civil Wars">Eritrean Civil Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Turkish coup d'état">1980 Turkish coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_Bush_War" title="Ugandan Bush War">Ugandan Bush War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Sidra_incident_(1981)" title="Gulf of Sidra incident (1981)">Gulf of Sidra incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Poland" title="Martial law in Poland">Martial law in Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casamance_conflict" title="Casamance conflict">Casamance conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Ethiopian%E2%80%93Somali_Border_War" title="1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War">1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndogboyosoi_War" title="Ndogboyosoi War">Ndogboyosoi War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Grenada" title="United States invasion of Grenada">United States invasion of Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Able_Archer_83" title="Able Archer 83">Able Archer 83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative" title="Strategic Defense Initiative">Star Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Summit_(1985)" title="Geneva Summit (1985)">1985 Geneva Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Rebellion" title="Somali Rebellion">Somali Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk_Summit" title="Reykjavík Summit">Reykjavík Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Black_Sea_incident" title="1986 Black Sea incident">1986 Black Sea incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen_civil_war" title="South Yemen civil war">South Yemen civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_War" title="Toyota War">Toyota War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Lieyu_massacre" title="1987 Lieyu massacre">1987 Lieyu massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Denver" title="Operation Denver">Operation Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987%E2%80%931989_JVP_insurrection" title="1987–1989 JVP insurrection">1987–1989 JVP insurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Black_Sea_bumping_incident" title="1988 Black Sea bumping incident">1988 Black Sea bumping incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8888_Uprising" title="8888 Uprising">8888 Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Solidarity" title="History of Solidarity">Solidarity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Soviet_reaction_to_the_Polish_crisis_of_1980%E2%80%931981" title="Soviet reaction to the Polish crisis of 1980–1981">Soviet reaction</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contras" title="Contras">Contras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_crisis" title="Central American crisis">Central American crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_RYAN" title="Operation RYAN">Operation RYAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_007" title="Korean Air Lines Flight 007">Korean Air Lines Flight 007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasnost" title="Glasnost">Glasnost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">Perestroika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bougainville_conflict" title="Bougainville conflict">Bougainville conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1989%E2%80%931992)" title="Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)">Afghan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Panama" title="United States invasion of Panama">United States invasion of Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Polish_strikes" title="1988 Polish strikes">1988 Polish strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Round_Table_Agreement" title="Polish Round Table Agreement">Polish Round Table Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre" title="1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre">1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">Revolutions of 1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall" title="Fall of the Berlin Wall">Fall of the Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_inner_German_border" title="Fall of the inner German border">Fall of the inner German border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velvet_Revolution" title="Velvet Revolution">Velvet Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_revolution" title="Romanian revolution">Romanian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaceful_Revolution" title="Peaceful Revolution">Peaceful Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Revolution_of_1990" title="Mongolian Revolution of 1990">Mongolian Revolution of 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Ping_Yu_No._5540_incident" title="Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident">Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Ping_Yu_No._5202" title="Min Ping Yu No. 5202">Min Ping Yu No. 5202</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_unification" title="Yemeni unification">Yemeni unification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_communism_in_Albania" title="Fall of communism in Albania">Fall of communism in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_attempt" title="1991 Soviet coup attempt">1991 August Coup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Dissolution of Czechoslovakia">Dissolution of Czechoslovakia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Frozen_conflict" title="Frozen conflict">Frozen conflicts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia_conflict" title="Abkhazia conflict">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">China-Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Kosovo" title="Political status of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Ossetian_conflict" title="Georgian–Ossetian conflict">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">Transnistria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_border_dispute" title="Sino-Indian border dispute">Sino-Indian border dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Borneo_dispute" title="North Borneo dispute">North Borneo dispute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Foreign policy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Doctrine" title="Truman Doctrine">Truman Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Containment" title="Containment">Containment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Doctrine" title="Eisenhower Doctrine">Eisenhower Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domino_theory" title="Domino theory">Domino theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallstein_Doctrine" title="Hallstein Doctrine">Hallstein Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Doctrine" title="Kennedy Doctrine">Kennedy Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaceful_coexistence" title="Peaceful coexistence">Peaceful coexistence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostpolitik" title="Ostpolitik">Ostpolitik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Doctrine" title="Johnson Doctrine">Johnson Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brezhnev_Doctrine" title="Brezhnev Doctrine">Brezhnev Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_Doctrine" title="Nixon Doctrine">Nixon Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulbricht_Doctrine" title="Ulbricht Doctrine">Ulbricht Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Doctrine" title="Carter Doctrine">Carter Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Doctrine" title="Reagan Doctrine">Reagan Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollback" title="Rollback">Rollback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinmen_Agreement" title="Kinmen Agreement">Kinmen Agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_school_of_economics" title="Chicago school of economics">Chicago school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">American conservatism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keynesian_economics" title="Keynesian economics">Keynesianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetarism" title="Monetarism">Monetarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_economics" title="Neoclassical economics">Neoclassical economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaganomics" title="Reaganomics">Reaganomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply-side_economics" title="Supply-side economics">Supply-side economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_capitalism" title="Democratic capitalism">Democratic capitalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Fidel_Castro" title="Politics of Fidel Castro">Castroism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurocommunism" title="Eurocommunism">Eurocommunism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guevarism" title="Guevarism">Guevarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoxhaism" title="Hoxhaism">Hoxhaism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Thought" title="Ho Chi Minh Thought">Ho Chi Minh Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titoism" title="Titoism">Titoism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultranationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvinism" title="Chauvinism">Chauvinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethnic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autocracy" title="Autocracy">Autocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">Liberal democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illiberal_democracy" title="Illiberal democracy">Illiberal democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guided_democracy" title="Guided democracy">Guided democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-worldism" title="Third-worldism">Third-worldism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy#White_separatism" title="White supremacy">White separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organization">SEATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Treaty_Organization" title="Central Treaty Organization">METO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">EEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comecon" title="Comecon">Comecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_and_Non-Aligned_European_States" title="Neutral and Non-Aligned European States">NN States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">SAARC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_Club" title="Safari Club">Safari Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Propaganda</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Pro-communist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_measures" title="Active measures">Active measures</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Izvestia" title="Izvestia">Izvestia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neues_Deutschland" title="Neues Deutschland">Neues Deutschland</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda">Pravda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Moscow" title="Radio Moscow">Radio Moscow</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rud%C3%A9_pr%C3%A1vo" title="Rudé právo">Rudé právo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trybuna_Ludu" title="Trybuna Ludu">Trybuna Ludu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TASS" title="TASS">TASS</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Russian_Life" title="Russian Life">Soviet Life</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Pro-Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amerika_(magazine)" title="Amerika (magazine)">Amerika</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_for_Freedom" title="Crusade for Freedom">Crusade for Freedom</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paix_et_Libert%C3%A9" title="Paix et Liberté">Paix et Liberté</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Scare" title="Red Scare">Red Scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Technological<br />competition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arms_race" title="Arms race">Arms race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_arms_race" title="Nuclear arms race">Nuclear arms race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Historians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gar_Alperovitz" title="Gar Alperovitz">Gar Alperovitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Bailey" title="Thomas A. Bailey">Thomas A. Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Beschloss" title="Michael Beschloss">Michael Beschloss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archie_Brown_(historian)" title="Archie Brown (historian)">Archie Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_H._Carroll" title="Warren H. Carroll">Warren H. Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Cioroianu" title="Adrian Cioroianu">Adrian Cioroianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Costello_(historian)" title="John Costello (historian)">John Costello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cox_(academic)" title="Michael Cox (academic)">Michael Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_J._Cull" title="Nicholas J. Cull">Nicholas J. Cull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Davies" title="Norman Davies">Norman Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Drees" title="Willem Drees">Willem Drees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_D._English" title="Robert D. English">Robert D. English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Feis" title="Herbert Feis">Herbert Feis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hugh_Ferrell" title="Robert Hugh Ferrell">Robert Hugh Ferrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fontaine" title="André Fontaine">André Fontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anneli_Ute_Gabanyi" title="Anneli Ute Gabanyi">Anneli Ute Gabanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_Gaddis" title="John Lewis Gaddis">John Lewis Gaddis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Gardner" title="Lloyd Gardner">Lloyd Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Garton_Ash" title="Timothy Garton Ash">Timothy Garton Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Gorodetsky" title="Gabriel Gorodetsky">Gabriel Gorodetsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Halliday" title="Fred Halliday">Fred Halliday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jussi_Hanhim%C3%A4ki" title="Jussi Hanhimäki">Jussi Hanhimäki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Earl_Haynes" title="John Earl Haynes">John Earl Haynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_J._Hearden" title="Patrick J. Hearden">Patrick J. Hearden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tvrtko_Jakovina" title="Tvrtko Jakovina">Tvrtko Jakovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Judt" title="Tony Judt">Tony Judt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Klehr" title="Harvey Klehr">Harvey Klehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Kolko" title="Gabriel Kolko">Gabriel Kolko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_LaFeber" title="Walter LaFeber">Walter LaFeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Laqueur" title="Walter Laqueur">Walter Laqueur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvyn_P._Leffler" title="Melvyn P. Leffler">Melvyn P. Leffler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geir_Lundestad" title="Geir Lundestad">Geir Lundestad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vojtech_Mastny_(historian)" title="Vojtech Mastny (historian)">Vojtech Mastny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_F._Matlock_Jr." title="Jack F. Matlock Jr.">Jack F. Matlock Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._McCormick" title="Thomas J. McCormick">Thomas J. McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Naftali" title="Timothy Naftali">Timothy Naftali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_Oprea" title="Marius Oprea">Marius Oprea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_S._Painter" title="David S. Painter">David S. Painter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Pickett" title="William B. Pickett">William B. Pickett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_E._Powaski" title="Ronald E. Powaski">Ronald E. Powaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_M._Rabkin" title="Yakov M. Rabkin">Yakov M. Rabkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._E._Sarotte" title="M. E. Sarotte">M. E. Sarotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Schlesinger_Jr." title="Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.">Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Schrecker" title="Ellen Schrecker">Ellen Schrecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giles_Scott-Smith" title="Giles Scott-Smith">Giles Scott-Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_Zhihua" title="Shen Zhihua">Shen Zhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Snyder" title="Timothy Snyder">Timothy Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athan_Theoharis" title="Athan Theoharis">Athan Theoharis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Thorpe" title="Andrew Thorpe">Andrew Thorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Tism%C4%83neanu" title="Vladimir Tismăneanu">Vladimir Tismăneanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Vaughan" title="Patrick Vaughan">Patrick Vaughan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_von_Tunzelmann" title="Alex von Tunzelmann">Alex von Tunzelmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odd_Arne_Westad" title="Odd Arne Westad">Odd Arne Westad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Appleman_Williams" title="William Appleman Williams">William Appleman Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Reed_Winkler" title="Jonathan Reed Winkler">Jonathan Reed Winkler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Winnacker" title="Rudolph Winnacker">Rudolph Winnacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Young" title="Ken Young">Ken Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Espionage and<br />intelligence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eastern_Bloc_agents_in_the_United_States" title="List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States">List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_espionage_in_the_United_States" title="Soviet espionage in the United States">Soviet espionage in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_espionage_in_the_United_States" title="Russian espionage in the United States">Russian espionage in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_espionage_in_the_Soviet_Union_and_Russian_Federation" title="American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation">American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_and_the_Cultural_Cold_War" title="CIA and the Cultural Cold War">CIA and the Cultural Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MI5" title="MI5">MI5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MI6" title="MI6">MI6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_involvement_in_regime_change" title="United States involvement in regime change">United States involvement in regime change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_involvement_in_regime_change" title="Soviet involvement in regime change">Soviet involvement in regime change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Soviet_Union)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Soviet Union)">MVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stasi" title="Stasi">Stasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_intervention_in_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War">Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Soviet Union–United States relations">Soviet Union–United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Soviet_Union%E2%80%93United_States_summits" title="List of Soviet Union–United States summits">Soviet Union–United States summits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Russia–NATO relations">Russia–NATO relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brinkmanship#Cold_War" title="Brinkmanship">Brinkmanship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Cold_War" title="Second Cold War">Second Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cold_War" title="Category:Cold War">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_related_to_the_Cold_War" title="List of conflicts related to the Cold War">List of conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Cold_War" title="Timeline of the Cold War">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="List_of_modern_conflicts_in_the_Middle_East" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Middle_East_conflicts" title="Template:Middle East conflicts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Middle_East_conflicts" title="Template talk:Middle East conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Middle_East_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Middle East conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="List_of_modern_conflicts_in_the_Middle_East" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_conflicts_in_the_Middle_East" title="List of modern conflicts in the Middle East">List of modern conflicts in the Middle East</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1910s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War" title="Italo-Turkish War">Italo-Turkish War</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="Middle Eastern theatre of World War I">Middle Eastern theatre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Robat_Karim" title="Battle of Robat Karim">Battle of Robat Karim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Arab Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayfo" title="Sayfo">Assyrian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_of_Mount_Lebanon" title="Great Famine of Mount Lebanon">Mount Lebanon starvation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Unification of Saudi Arabia">Unification of Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simko_Shikak_revolt_(1918%E2%80%931922)" title="Simko Shikak revolt (1918–1922)">Simko Shikak revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Egyptian_revolution" title="1919 Egyptian revolution">1919 Egyptian revolution</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Turkish War of Independence">Turkish War of Independence</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_during_the_Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="United Kingdom during the Turkish War of Independence">Anglo-Turkish War</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Jazeera_Front_(Anglo-Turkish_War,_1918%E2%80%931923)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Jazeera Front (Anglo-Turkish War, 1918–1923) (page does not exist)">Al-Jazeera Front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)">Greco-Turkish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish%E2%80%93Armenian_War" title="Turkish–Armenian War">Turkish–Armenian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Turkish_War" title="Franco-Turkish War">Franco-Turkish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolts_during_the_Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Revolts during the Turkish War of Independence">Revolts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_during_the_Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="United States during the Turkish War of Independence">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Barzanji_revolts" title="Mahmud Barzanji revolts">Mahmud Barzanji revolts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1920s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Syrian_War" title="Franco-Syrian War">Franco-Syrian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Revolt" title="Iraqi Revolt">Iraqi Revolt (1920)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercommunal_conflict_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine">Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adwan_Rebellion" title="Adwan Rebellion">Adwan Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_separatism_in_Khuzestan" title="Arab separatism in Khuzestan">Arab separatism in Khuzestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Syrian_Revolt" title="Great Syrian Revolt">Great Syrian Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Said_rebellion" title="Sheikh Said rebellion">Sheikh Said rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1930s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ararat_rebellion" title="Ararat rebellion">Ararat rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Barzani_revolt" title="Ahmed Barzani revolt">Ahmed Barzani revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simele_massacre" title="Simele massacre">Simele massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi%E2%80%93Yemeni_War_(1934)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi–Yemeni War (1934)">Saudi–Yemeni War (1934)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goharshad_Mosque_rebellion" title="Goharshad Mosque rebellion">Goharshad Mosque rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935%E2%80%931936_Iraqi_Shia_revolts" title="1935–1936 Iraqi Shia revolts">1935–1936 Iraqi Shia revolts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Yazidi_revolt" title="1935 Yazidi revolt">1935 Yazidi revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936%E2%80%931939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine" title="1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine">1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dersim_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dersim rebellion">Dersim rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_bombing_of_Mandatory_Palestine_in_World_War_II" title="Italian bombing of Mandatory Palestine in World War II">Italian bombing of Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Allied invasion of Iraq">Allied invasion of Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Lebanon_campaign" title="Syria–Lebanon campaign">Syria–Lebanon campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_Barzani_revolt" title="1943 Barzani revolt">1943 Barzani revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Waziri_coup" title="Al-Waziri coup">Al-Waziri coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wathbah_uprising" title="Al-Wathbah uprising">Al-Wathbah uprising</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_separatism_in_Iran" title="Kurdish separatism in Iran">Kurdish separatism in Iran</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran_crisis_of_1946" title="Iran crisis of 1946">Iran crisis of 1946</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">1967 Six-Day War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">1973 Yom Kippur War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">1982 Lebanon War</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1952_Egyptian_revolution" title="1952 Egyptian revolution">1952 Egyptian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1953 Iranian coup d'état">1953 Iranian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Akhdar_War" title="Jebel Akhdar War">Jebel Akhdar War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Emergency" title="Cyprus Emergency">Cyprus Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni%E2%80%93Adenese_clan_violence" title="Yemeni–Adenese clan violence">Yemeni–Adenese clan violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Lebanon_crisis" title="1958 Lebanon crisis">1958 Lebanon crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_July_Revolution" title="14 July Revolution">1958 Iraqi revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Mosul_uprising" title="1959 Mosul uprising">1959 Mosul uprising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_intercommunal_violence#Crisis_of_1963–1964" title="Cypriot intercommunal violence">Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_conflict" title="Iraqi–Kurdish conflict">Iraqi–Kurdish conflict</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_War" title="First Iraqi–Kurdish War">First Iraqi–Kurdish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_War" title="Second Iraqi–Kurdish War">Second Iraqi–Kurdish War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhofar_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhofar Rebellion">Dhofar Rebellion</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Yemen_Civil_War" title="North Yemen Civil War">North Yemen Civil War</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan_Revolution" title="Ramadan Revolution">Feb. 1963 Iraqi coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Syrian coup d'état">Mar. 1963 Syrian coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1963_Iraqi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état">Nov. 1963 Iraqi coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aden_Emergency" title="Aden Emergency">Aden Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Hama_riot" title="1964 Hama riot">1964 Hama riot</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></i> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1948 Palestine war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Syrian coup d'état">1966 Syrian coup d'état</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_September" title="Black September">Black September in Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_War_of_1972" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemenite War of 1972">Yemenite War of 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974%E2%80%9375_Shatt_al-Arab_conflict" title="1974–75 Shatt al-Arab conflict">Shatt al-Arab clashes</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_violence_in_Turkey_(1976%E2%80%931980)" title="Political violence in Turkey (1976–1980)">Political violence in Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamist_uprising_in_Syria" title="Islamist uprising in Syria">Islamist uprising in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Shia_uprising_in_Iraq" title="1977 Shia uprising in Iraq">1977 Shia uprising in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NDF_Rebellion" title="NDF Rebellion">NDF Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_War_of_1979" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemenite War of 1979">Yemenite War of 1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidation_of_the_Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution">Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Qatif_Uprising" title="1979 Qatif Uprising">1979 Qatif Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Mosque_seizure" title="Grand Mosque seizure">Grand Mosque seizure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979%E2%80%931980_Shia_uprising_in_Iraq" title="1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq">1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Turkish coup d'état">1980 Turkish coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_conflict" title="Kurdish–Turkish conflict">Kurdish–Turkish conflict</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_conflict_(1978%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)">Turkey–PKK conflict</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen_civil_war" title="South Yemen civil war">South Yemen civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Egyptian_conscripts_riot" title="1986 Egyptian conscripts riot">1986 Egyptian conscripts riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Damascus_bombings" title="1986 Damascus bombings">1986 Damascus bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Sharjawi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1987 Sharjawi coup d'état attempt">1987 Sharjawi coup d'état attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Mecca_incident" title="1987 Mecca incident">Mecca massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Nidal_Organization_internal_executions" title="Abu Nidal Organization internal executions">Abu Nidal's executions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War (1990–1991)</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Iraqi_uprisings" title="1991 Iraqi uprisings">1991 Iraqi uprisings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Egypt" title="Terrorism in Egypt">Terror campaign in Egypt (1990s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Civil_War_(1994)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemeni Civil War (1994)">Yemeni Civil War (1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdish_Civil_War" title="Iraqi Kurdish Civil War">Iraqi Kurdish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Terrorism in Saudi Arabia"><i>Islamic insurgency in Saudi Arabia (2000–present)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_bombing_of_Iraq" title="1998 bombing of Iraq">Operation Desert Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_insurgency_in_Yemen" title="Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen">al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Shia_uprising_in_Iraq" title="1999 Shia uprising in Iraq">1999 Shia uprising in Iraq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sistan_and_Baluchestan_insurgency" title="Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency">Balochi insurgency in Iran</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Qamishli_riots" title="2004 Qamishli riots">2004 Qamishli riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houthi_insurgency_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthi insurgency in Yemen">Houthi insurgency in Yemen</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Israel proxy conflict">Iran–Israel proxy conflict</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">2006 Lebanon War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah%E2%80%93Hamas_conflict" title="Fatah–Hamas conflict">Fatah–Hamas conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen_insurgency" title="South Yemen insurgency">South Yemen insurgency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Bahraini_uprising" title="2011 Bahraini uprising">2011 Bahraini uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Crisis_(2011%E2%80%932014)" title="Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014)">Egyptian Crisis</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_terrorism_in_Egypt_(2013%E2%80%93present)" title="Timeline of terrorism in Egypt (2013–present)">Insurgency in Egypt (2013–present)</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></b></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war">Turkish involvement in Syria</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Syrian War spillover in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_crisis" title="Yemeni crisis">Yemeni crisis</a> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni civil war (2014–present)</a></b></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Beirut_clashes" title="2021 Beirut clashes">2021 Beirut clashes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hezbollah_conflict_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)">Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Sea_crisis" title="Red Sea crisis">Red Sea crisis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div><b>This list includes <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and later conflicts (after 1914) of at least 100 fatalities each</b><br />Prolonged conflicts are listed in the decade when initiated; ongoing conflicts are marked italic, and conflicts with +100,000 killed with bold.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wars_of_the_20th_century" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wars_of_the_20th_century" title="Template:Wars of the 20th century"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wars_of_the_20th_century" title="Template talk:Wars of the 20th century"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wars_of_the_20th_century" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wars of the 20th century"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wars_of_the_20th_century" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Wars of the 20th century</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1900s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Days%27_War" title="Thousand Days' War">Thousand Days' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Golden_Stool" title="War of the Golden Stool">War of the Golden Stool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoubak_revolts#Shoubak_revolt_of_1900" title="Shoubak revolts">Shoubak revolt of 1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Russian invasion of Manchuria">Russian invasion of Manchuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saqr_bin_Khalid_Al_Qasimi#Retaking_Ras_Al_Khaimah" title="Saqr bin Khalid Al Qasimi">Sharjah conquest of Ras Al Khaimah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_campaign" title="Somaliland campaign">Somaliland campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti%E2%80%93Rashidi_war" title="Kuwaiti–Rashidi war">Kuwaiti–Rashidi war</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revoluci%C3%B3n_Libertadora_(Venezuela)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revolución Libertadora (Venezuela) (page does not exist)">Revolución Libertadora</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revoluci%C3%B3n_Libertadora_(Venezuela)" class="extiw" title="es:Revolución Libertadora (Venezuela)">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Aro_War" title="Anglo-Aro War">Anglo-Aro War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Holy_Apostles_Monastery" title="Battle of Holy Apostles Monastery">Battle of Holy Apostles Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Matabele_War#1901_Mapondera_Rebellion" title="Second Matabele War">1901 Mapondera Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Man%27s_Rebellion" title="Holy Man's Rebellion">Holy Man's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuanhama_Rebellion_of_1902-1904&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuanhama Rebellion of 1902-1904 (page does not exist)">Kuanhama Rebellion of 1902-1904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailundo_revolt" title="Bailundo revolt">Bailundo revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_crisis_of_1902%E2%80%931903" title="Venezuelan crisis of 1902–1903">Venezuelan crisis of 1902–1903</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Jo-Laban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Jo-Laban (page does not exist)">Battle of Jo-Laban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theriso_revolt" title="Theriso revolt">Theriso revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_Coup_(Serbia)" title="May Coup (Serbia)">May Coup (Serbia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilinden%E2%80%93Preobrazhenie_Uprising" title="Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising">Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_expedition_to_Tibet" title="British expedition to Tibet">British expedition to Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_conquest_of_the_Sokoto_Caliphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British conquest of the Sokoto Caliphate (page does not exist)">British conquest of the Sokoto Caliphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi%E2%80%93Rashidi_War_(1903%E2%80%931907)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi–Rashidi War (1903–1907)">Saudi–Rashidi War (1903–1907)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_West_African_Revolt_of_1904-1906&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South West African Revolt of 1904-1906 (page does not exist)">South West African Revolt of 1904-1906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mufilo" title="Battle of Mufilo">Portuguese campaign against the Ovambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_Revolt" title="Vaccine Revolt">Vaccine Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_1904" title="Revolution of 1904">Revolution of 1904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_Sasun_uprising" title="1904 Sasun uprising">1904 Sasun uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herero_Wars" title="Herero Wars">Herero Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni%E2%80%93Ottoman_conflicts#Yemeni_rebellion_of_1904" title="Yemeni–Ottoman conflicts">Yemeni Rebellion of 1904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Struggle" title="Macedonian Struggle">Macedonian Struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Revolution_of_1905" title="Argentine Revolution of 1905">Argentine Revolution of 1905</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoubak_revolts#Shoubak_revolt_of_1905" title="Shoubak revolts">Shoubak Revolt of 1905</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA_insurrection" title="Łódź insurrection">Łódź insurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batang_uprising" title="Batang uprising">Batang uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1905_Russian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="1905 Russian Revolution">1905 Russian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maji_Maji_Rebellion" title="Maji Maji Rebellion">Maji Maji Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni%E2%80%93Ottoman_conflicts#Yemeni_expedition_of_1905" title="Yemeni–Ottoman conflicts">Yemeni Expedition of 1905</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sokoto_Uprising_of_1906&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sokoto Uprising of 1906 (page does not exist)">Sokoto Uprising of 1906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_Mesopotamia_uprising" title="1906 Mesopotamia uprising">1906 Mesopotamia uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_intervention_in_Bali_(1906)" title="Dutch intervention in Bali (1906)">Dutch intervention in Bali (1906)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambatha_Rebellion" title="Bambatha Rebellion">Bambatha Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dembos_War_of_1907-1910&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dembos War of 1907-1910 (page does not exist)">Dembos War of 1907-1910</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Foreign_Revolt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anti-Foreign Revolt (page does not exist)">Anti-Foreign Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutair_revolt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mutair revolt (page does not exist)">Mutair revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1907_Romanian_Peasants%27_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="1907 Romanian Peasants' Revolt">1907 Romanian Peasants' Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Honduras_(1838%E2%80%931932)#Expanded_role_of_the_United_States_.281907.E2.80.931919.29" title="History of Honduras (1838–1932)">Honduran-Nicaraguan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beipu_uprising" title="Beipu uprising">Beipu uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buraida_rebellion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buraida rebellion (page does not exist)">Buraida rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dersim_insurgencies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dersim insurgencies (page does not exist)">Dersim insurgencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marrakesh" title="Battle of Marrakesh">Battle of Marrakesh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mau_uprising&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mau uprising (page does not exist)">Mau uprising</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mau_a_Pule#Aufstand_gegen_die_deutsche_Kolonialherrschaft" class="extiw" title="de:Mau a Pule">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Turk_Revolution" title="Young Turk Revolution">Young Turk Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_intervention_in_Bali_(1908)" title="Dutch intervention in Bali (1908)">Dutch intervention in Bali (1908)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch%E2%80%93Venezuelan_crisis_of_1908" title="Dutch–Venezuelan crisis of 1908">Dutch–Venezuelan crisis of 1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Nicaragua#Estrada's_rebellion_(1909)" title="United States occupation of Nicaragua">Estrada's rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kola%C5%A1in_Affair_(1909)" title="Kolašin Affair (1909)">Kolašin Affair (1909)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaraniq_rebellion_(1909%E2%80%931910)" title="Zaraniq rebellion (1909–1910)">Zaraniq rebellion (1909–1910)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crazy_Snake_Rebellion" title="Crazy Snake Rebellion">Crazy Snake Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Melillan_campaign" title="Second Melillan campaign">Second Melillan campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauran_Druze_Rebellion" title="Hauran Druze Rebellion">Hauran Druze Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadai_War" title="Wadai War">Wadai War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1910s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Hadia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Hadia (page does not exist)">Battle of Hadia</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:معركة هدية">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karak_revolt" title="Karak revolt">Karak revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1910" title="Albanian revolt of 1910">Albanian revolt of 1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_October_1910_revolution" title="5 October 1910 revolution">5 October 1910 revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_expedition_to_Tibet_(1910)" title="Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910)">Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokehs_rebellion" title="Sokehs rebellion">Sokehs rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Border_War_(1910%E2%80%931919)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican Border War (1910–1919)">Mexican Border War (1910–1919)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandit_War" title="Bandit War">Bandit War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magonista_rebellion_of_1911" title="Magonista rebellion of 1911">Magonista rebellion of 1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_Civil_War_(1911%E2%80%931912)" title="Paraguayan Civil War (1911–1912)">Paraguayan Civil War (1911–1912)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Tabriz" title="Russian occupation of Tabriz">Russian occupation of Tabriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1911" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian revolt of 1911">Albanian revolt of 1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Guangzhou_Uprising" title="Second Guangzhou Uprising">Second Guangzhou Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Civil_War_(1911%E2%80%931912)" title="Dominican Civil War (1911–1912)">Dominican Civil War (1911–1912)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_conquest_of_Morocco" title="French conquest of Morocco">French conquest of Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War" title="Italo-Turkish War">Italo-Turkish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timorese_rebellion_of_1911%E2%80%931912" title="East Timorese rebellion of 1911–1912">East Timorese Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Revolution" title="1911 Revolution">1911 Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Generals" title="War of the Generals">War of the Generals</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sirte_revolt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sirte revolt (page does not exist)">Sirte revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khost_rebellion_(1912)" title="Khost rebellion (1912)">Khost rebellion (1912)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1912" title="Albanian revolt of 1912">Albanian revolt of 1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contestado_War" title="Contestado War">Contestado War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Nicaragua" title="United States occupation of Nicaragua">United States occupation of Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royalist_attack_on_Chaves" title="Royalist attack on Chaves">Royalist attack on Chaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negro_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Negro Rebellion">Negro Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urtatagai_conflict_(1913)" title="Urtatagai conflict (1913)">Urtatagai conflict (1913)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmene_uprising&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atmene uprising (page does not exist)">Atmene uprising</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Атменьское восстание">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_al-Hasa" title="Conquest of al-Hasa">Conquest of al-Hasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Balkan_War" title="Second Balkan War">Second Balkan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikve%C5%A1_uprising" title="Tikveš uprising">Tikveš uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohrid%E2%80%93Debar_uprising" title="Ohrid–Debar uprising">Ohrid–Debar uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Revolution_(Republic_of_China)" title="Second Revolution (Republic of China)">Second Revolution (Republic of China)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bai_Lang_Rebellion" title="Bai Lang Rebellion">Bai Lang Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_in_the_Tochi" title="Operations in the Tochi">Operations in the Tochi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revolt_of_Juazeiro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revolt of Juazeiro (page does not exist)">Revolt of Juazeiro</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Juazeiro" class="extiw" title="pt:Sedição de Juazeiro">pt</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaian_War" title="Zaian War">Zaian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Civil_War_(1914)" title="Dominican Civil War (1914)">Dominican Civil War (1914)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasant_Revolt_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Peasant Revolt in Albania">Peasant Revolt in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truku_War" title="Truku War">Truku War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Veracruz" class="mw-redirect" title="United States occupation of Veracruz">United States occupation of Veracruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluff_War" title="Bluff War">Bluff War</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Mongua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Mongua (page does not exist)">Ovambo insurrection in Portuguese Angola</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_de_Mongua" class="extiw" title="fr:Bataille de Mongua">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritz_rebellion" title="Maritz rebellion">Maritz rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapani_incident" title="Tapani incident">Tapani incident</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Kinzaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Kinzaan (page does not exist)">Battle of Kinzaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jarrab" title="Battle of Jarrab">Battle of Jarrab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilembwe_uprising" title="Chilembwe uprising">Chilembwe uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bussa_rebellion" title="Bussa rebellion">Bussa rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Singapore_Mutiny" title="1915 Singapore Mutiny">1915 Singapore Mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volta-Bani_War" title="Volta-Bani War">Volta-Bani War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Protection_War" title="National Protection War">National Protection War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senussi_campaign" title="Senussi campaign">Senussi campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Haiti" title="United States occupation of Haiti">United States occupation of Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_against_the_Mohmands,_Bunerwals_and_Swatis_in_1915" title="Operations against the Mohmands, Bunerwals and Swatis in 1915">Operations against the Mohmands, Bunerwals and Swatis in 1915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohmand_blockade" title="Mohmand blockade">Mohmand blockade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban Civil War">Cuban Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaocen_revolt" title="Kaocen revolt">Kaocen revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Cochinchina_uprising" title="1916 Cochinchina uprising">1916 Cochinchina uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Segale" title="Battle of Segale">Battle of Segale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noemvriana" title="Noemvriana">Noemvriana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_revolt_of_1916" title="Central Asian revolt of 1916">Central Asian revolt of 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_the_Dominican_Republic_(1916%E2%80%931924)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1916–1924)">United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1916–1924)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Arab Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basmachi_movement" title="Basmachi movement">Basmachi movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_Days" title="July Days">July Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_Restoration" title="Manchu Restoration">Manchu Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A1i_Nguy%C3%AAn_uprising" title="Thái Nguyên uprising">Thái Nguyên uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polubotkivtsi_uprising" title="Polubotkivtsi uprising">Polubotkivtsi uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toplica_Uprising" title="Toplica Uprising">Toplica Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kornilov_affair" title="Kornilov affair">Kornilov affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Corn_Rebellion" title="Green Corn Rebellion">Green Corn Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerensky%E2%80%93Krasnov_uprising" title="Kerensky–Krasnov uprising">Kerensky–Krasnov uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Protection_Movement" title="Constitutional Protection Movement">Constitutional Protection Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_War_of_Independence" title="Ukrainian War of Independence">Ukrainian War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golok_conflicts_(1917%E2%80%931949)" title="Golok conflicts (1917–1949)">Golok conflicts (1917–1949)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_against_the_Marri_and_Khetran_tribes" title="Operations against the Marri and Khetran tribes">Operations against the Marri and Khetran tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adubi_War" title="Adubi War">Adubi War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simko_Shikak_revolt_(1918%E2%80%931922)" title="Simko Shikak revolt (1918–1922)">Simko Shikak revolt (1918–1922)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judenburg_mutiny" title="Judenburg mutiny">Judenburg mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattaro_mutiny" title="Cattaro mutiny">Cattaro mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aster_Revolution" title="Aster Revolution">Aster Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Stamboliyski#Radomir_Rebellion_(1918)" title="Aleksandar Stamboliyski">Radomir Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_SR_uprising" title="Left SR uprising">Left SR uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Civil_War" title="Finnish Civil War">Finnish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armeno-Georgian_War" title="Armeno-Georgian War">Armeno-Georgian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Czechoslovak_border_conflicts" title="Polish–Czechoslovak border conflicts">Polish–Czechoslovak border conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viena_expedition" title="Viena expedition">Viena expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petsamo_expeditions" title="Petsamo expeditions">First Pechenga expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Slovene_conflict_in_Carinthia" title="Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia">Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–1919">German Revolution of 1918–1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1918%E2%80%931919)" title="Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)">Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian%E2%80%93Czechoslovak_War" title="Hungarian–Czechoslovak War">Hungarian–Czechoslovak War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ukrainian_War" title="Polish–Ukrainian War">Polish–Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Ossetian_conflict_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–1920)">Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–1920)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sochi_conflict" title="Sochi conflict">Sochi conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_war_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)">Armenian–Azerbaijani War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_War_of_Independence" title="Estonian War of Independence">Estonian War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_War_of_Independence" title="Latvian War of Independence">Latvian War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Lithuanian–Soviet War">Lithuanian–Soviet War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khurma_dispute" title="Al-Khurma dispute">Al-Khurma dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vue_Pa_Chay%27s_revolt" title="Vue Pa Chay's revolt">Vue Pa Chay's revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Ingrian_Finns" title="Revolt of the Ingrian Finns">Revolt of the Ingrian Finns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Turkish_War" title="Franco-Turkish War">Franco-Turkish War</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punjab_Rebellion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Punjab Rebellion (page does not exist)">Punjab Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_mutiny" title="Black Sea mutiny">Black Sea mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_North" title="Monarchy of the North">1919 Royalist uprising in Northern Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Uprising" title="Christmas Uprising">Christmas Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartacist_uprising" title="Spartacist uprising">Spartacist uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Wars_of_Independence#War_against_the_Bermontians" title="Lithuanian Wars of Independence">Lithuanian War of Independence (War against the Bermontians)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sejny_Uprising" title="Sejny Uprising">Sejny Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Barzanji_revolts#1919_Kurdish_revolt" title="Mahmud Barzanji revolts">First Barzanji Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Czechoslovak_War" title="Polish–Czechoslovak War">Polish–Czechoslovak War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khotyn_Uprising" title="Khotyn Uprising">Khotyn Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War" title="Hungarian–Romanian War">Hungarian–Romanian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Turkish War of Independence">Turkish War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">Third Anglo-Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waziristan_campaign_(1919%E2%80%931920)" title="Waziristan campaign (1919–1920)">Waziristan campaign (1919–1920)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Regency_of_Carnaro" title="Italian Regency of Carnaro">Italian Regency of Carnaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rijeka#The_"Fiume_Question"_and_the_Italian-Yugoslav_dispute" title="Rijeka">Italo-Yugoslav War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Honduran_Civil_War" title="First Honduran Civil War">First Honduran Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Polish–Soviet War">Polish–Soviet War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Uprisings" title="Silesian Uprisings">First Silesian Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aunus_expedition" title="Aunus expedition">Aunus expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alawite_revolt_of_1919" title="Alawite revolt of 1919">Alawite revolt of 1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">Irish War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait%E2%80%93Najd_War" title="Kuwait–Najd War">Kuwait–Najd War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)">Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolts_during_the_Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Revolts during the Turkish War of Independence">Revolts during the Turkish War of Independence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1920s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhili%E2%80%93Anhui_War" title="Zhili–Anhui War">Zhili–Anhui War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Turkish_War" title="Franco-Turkish War">Franco-Turkish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Georgia" title="Red Army invasion of Georgia">Red Army invasion of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Karelian_uprising" title="East Karelian uprising">East Karelian uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Zhili%E2%80%93Fengtian_War" title="First Zhili–Fengtian War">First Zhili–Fengtian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Zhili%E2%80%93Fengtian_War" title="Second Zhili–Fengtian War">Second Zhili–Fengtian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_War" title="Rif War">Rif War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Civil_War" title="Irish Civil War">Irish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_Civil_War_(1922)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraguayan Civil War (1922)">Paraguayan Civil War (1922)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cristero_War" title="Cristero War">Cristero War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1928%E2%80%931929)" title="Afghan Civil War (1928–1929)">Afghan Civil War (1928–1929)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1930s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-Tibetan War">Sino-Tibetan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Japanese invasion of Manchuria">Japanese invasion of Manchuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaco_War" title="Chaco War">Chaco War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93Peru_War" title="Colombia–Peru War">Colombia–Peru War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi%E2%80%93Yemeni_War_(1934)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi–Yemeni War (1934)">Saudi–Yemeni War (1934)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Civil_War" title="Austrian Civil War">Austrian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second Italo-Ethiopian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Khasan" title="Battle of Lake Khasan">Battle of Lake Khasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Czechoslovak_War" title="Polish–Czechoslovak War">Polish–Czechoslovak War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_invasion_of_Carpatho-Ukraine" title="Hungarian invasion of Carpatho-Ukraine">Hungarian invasion of Carpatho-Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak%E2%80%93Hungarian_War" title="Slovak–Hungarian War">Slovak–Hungarian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Khalkhin_Gol" title="Battles of Khalkhin Gol">Battles of Khalkhin Gol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Poland" title="Soviet invasion of Poland">Soviet invasion of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_Albania" title="Italian invasion of Albania">Italian invasion of Albania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Italian_War" title="Greco-Italian War">Greco-Italian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Thai_War" title="Franco-Thai War">Franco-Thai War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">German–Soviet War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Continuation War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Anglo-Iraqi War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">Lapland War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_War" title="Soviet–Japanese War">Soviet–Japanese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian%E2%80%93Peruvian_War" title="Ecuadorian–Peruvian War">Ecuadorian–Peruvian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_Civil_War_(1947)" title="Paraguayan Civil War (1947)">Paraguayan Civil War (1947)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rican_Civil_War" title="Costa Rican Civil War">Costa Rican Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947%E2%80%931948" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948">Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Violencia" title="La Violencia">La Violencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931949_Palestine_war" class="mw-redirect" title="1947–1949 Palestine war">1947–1949 Palestine war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="First Sudanese Civil War">First Sudanese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laotian_Civil_War" title="Laotian Civil War">Laotian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Revolution of 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolution" title="Cuban Revolution">Cuban Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifni_War" title="Ifni War">Ifni War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Lebanon_crisis" title="1958 Lebanon crisis">1958 Lebanon crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Civil_War" title="Guatemalan Civil War">Guatemalan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">Congo Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bizerte_crisis" title="Bizerte crisis">Bizerte crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">Annexation of Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_War_of_Independence" title="Angolan War of Independence">Angolan War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_War_of_Independence" title="Eritrean War of Independence">Eritrean War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhofar_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhofar Rebellion">Dhofar Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_War_of_Independence" title="Guinea-Bissau War of Independence">Guinea-Bissau War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_War" title="Sand War">Sand War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_conflict" title="Colombian conflict">Colombian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_War_of_Independence" title="Mozambican War of Independence">Mozambican War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">Indo-Pakistani War of 1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Civil_War" title="Dominican Civil War">Dominican Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Border_War" title="South African Border War">South African Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodesian_Bush_War" title="Rhodesian Bush War">Rhodesian Bush War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Opium_War" title="1967 Opium War">1967 Opium War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_Civil_War_(1965%E2%80%931979)" title="Chadian Civil War (1965–1979)">Chadian Civil War (1965–1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Civil_War" title="Nigerian Civil War">Nigerian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Civil_War" title="Cambodian Civil War">Cambodian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_War" title="Football War">Football War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_border_conflict" title="Sino-Soviet border conflict">Sino-Soviet border conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tielieketi" title="Tielieketi">Tielieketi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_September" title="Black September">Black September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">Indo-Pakistani War of 1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_War" title="Western Sahara War">Western Sahara War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_War" title="Ethiopian Civil War">Ethiopian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod_Wars" title="Cod Wars">Cod Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War" title="Cambodian–Vietnamese War">Cambodian–Vietnamese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_Civil_War" title="Mozambican Civil War">Mozambican Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_occupation_of_East_Timor" title="Indonesian occupation of East Timor">Indonesian occupation of East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian%E2%80%93Libyan_War" title="Egyptian–Libyan War">Egyptian–Libyan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_South_Lebanon_conflict" title="1978 South Lebanon conflict">1978 South Lebanon conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Lamantin" title="Opération Lamantin">Opération Lamantin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda%E2%80%93Tanzania_War" title="Uganda–Tanzania War">Uganda–Tanzania War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian%E2%80%93Libyan_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Chadian–Libyan conflict">Chadian–Libyan conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Vietnamese_War" title="Sino-Vietnamese War">Sino-Vietnamese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Civil_War" title="Salvadoran Civil War">Salvadoran Civil War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paquisha_War" title="Paquisha War">Paquisha War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">1982 Lebanon War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Grenada" title="United States invasion of Grenada">United States invasion of Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="Second Sudanese Civil War">Second Sudanese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan Civil War">Sri Lankan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blue_Star" title="Operation Blue Star">Operation Blue Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_conflict_(1978%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)">Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agacher_Strip_War" title="Agacher Strip War">Agacher Strip War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">Somali Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Panama" title="United States invasion of Panama">United States invasion of Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Liberian_Civil_War" title="First Liberian Civil War">First Liberian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1989%E2%80%931992)" title="Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)">Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991%E2%80%931992_South_Ossetia_War" class="mw-redirect" title="1991–1992 South Ossetia War">1991–1992 South Ossetia War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_Civil_War" title="Rwandan Civil War">Rwandan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Civil_War" title="Georgian Civil War">Georgian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiboutian_Civil_War" title="Djiboutian Civil War">Djiboutian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Kuwait">Invasion of Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ten-Day_War" title="Ten-Day War">Slovenian Independence War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">Croatian War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_War" title="Bosnian War">Bosnian War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Civil_War" title="Algerian Civil War">Algerian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Civil_War" title="Sierra Leone Civil War">Sierra Leone Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1992%E2%80%931996)" title="Afghan Civil War (1992–1996)">Afghan Civil War (1992–1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">Transnistria War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abkhaz%E2%80%93Georgian_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhaz–Georgian conflict">Abkhaz–Georgian conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Abkhazia_(1992%E2%80%931993)" title="War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)">War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Abkhazia_(1998)" title="War in Abkhazia (1998)">War in Abkhazia (1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistani_Civil_War" title="Tajikistani Civil War">Tajikistani Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundian_Civil_War" title="Burundian Civil War">Burundian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Civil_War_(1994)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemeni Civil War (1994)">Yemeni Civil War (1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Chechen_War" title="First Chechen War">First Chechen War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdish_Civil_War" title="Iraqi Kurdish Civil War">Iraqi Kurdish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenepa_War" title="Cenepa War">Cenepa War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Congo_War" title="First Congo War">First Congo War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Civil_War" title="Nepalese Civil War">Nepalese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo_Civil_War_(1997%E2%80%931999)" title="Republic of the Congo Civil War (1997–1999)">Republic of the Congo Civil War (1997–1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_War" title="Kosovo War">Kosovo War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_bombing_of_Yugoslavia" title="NATO bombing of Yugoslavia">NATO bombing of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_Civil_War" title="Guinea-Bissau Civil War">Guinea-Bissau Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Congo_War" title="Second Congo War">Second Congo War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean%E2%80%93Ethiopian_War" title="Eritrean–Ethiopian War">Eritrean–Ethiopian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Dagestan" class="mw-redirect" title="War of Dagestan">War of Dagestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Chechen_War" title="Second Chechen War">Second Chechen War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Liberian_Civil_War" title="Second Liberian Civil War">Second Liberian Civil War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Lists of wars of the 20th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars:_1900%E2%80%931944" title="List of wars: 1900–1944">1900–1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars:_1945%E2%80%931989" title="List of wars: 1945–1989">1945–1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars:_1990%E2%80%932002" title="List of wars: 1990–2002">1990–2002</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Palestine_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Palestine_topics" title="Template:Palestine topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Palestine_topics" title="Template talk:Palestine topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Palestine_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Palestine topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Palestine_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Palestine" title="History of Palestine">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Palestine" title="History of Palestine">Early history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canaanites" class="mw-redirect" title="Canaanites">Canaanites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philistines" title="Philistines">Philistines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Levant" title="Muslim conquest of the Levant">Islamic Rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Crusaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayyubid Dynasty">Ayyubid Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate" title="Mamluk Sultanate">Mamluk Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="History of the State of Palestine">Modern history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Palestinians" title="History of the Palestinians">History of the Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Palestine" title="Slavery in Palestine">Slavery in Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism" title="Palestinian nationalism">Palestinian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Palestinian Declaration of Independence">Palestinian Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_the_Palestinian_territories" title="List of years in the Palestinian territories">Years in the Palestinian territories</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931949_Palestine_war" class="mw-redirect" title="1947–1949 Palestine war">1947–1949 Palestine war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Palestinian exodus">1948 Palestinian exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_insurgency_in_South_Lebanon" title="Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon">Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">First Lebanon War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Gaza War (2008–2009)">Gaza War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Black_September" title="Black September">Black September</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dawson%27s_Field_hijackings" title="Dawson's Field hijackings">Dawson's Field hijackings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Fatah%E2%80%93Hamas_conflict" title="Fatah–Hamas conflict">Fatah–Hamas conflict</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gaza_(2007)" title="Battle of Gaza (2007)">Battle of Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Hamas_political_violence_in_Gaza" title="2009 Hamas political violence in Gaza">2009 Hamas political violence in Gaza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Hamas-Salafist conflict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rafah_(2009)" title="Battle of Rafah (2009)">Hamas-Jund Ansar Allah clash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Geography of the State of Palestine">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_enclaves" title="Palestinian enclaves">Enclaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Northern West Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Southern West Bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Borders_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Borders of the State of Palestine">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_administered_by_the_Palestinian_Authority" title="List of cities administered by the Palestinian Authority">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_Palestine" title="Governorates of Palestine">Governorates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Landforms_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Landforms of the State of Palestine">Landforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_villages_depopulated_during_the_1947%E2%80%931949_Palestine_war" title="List of towns and villages depopulated during the 1947–1949 Palestine war">Depopulated villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the State of Palestine">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="Politics of the Palestinian National Authority">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a> (<a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="International recognition of the State of Palestine">International recognition</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of political parties in the State of Palestine">Political parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine">DFLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Democratic_Union" title="Palestinian Democratic Union">FIDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Initiative" title="Palestinian National Initiative">Palestinian National Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_People%27s_Party" title="Palestinian People's Party">PPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">PFLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way_(Palestinian_political_party)" title="Third Way (Palestinian political party)">Third Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Popular_Struggle_Front" title="Palestinian Popular Struggle Front">PPSF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_right_of_return" title="Palestinian right of return">Palestinian right of return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_political_violence" title="Palestinian political violence">Palestinian political violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Palestine" title="Elections in Palestine">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Legal status of the State of Palestine">Legal status of the State of Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Anti-Palestinianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Palestine" title="Government of Palestine">West Bank (SOP-controlled)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Prime Minister of the State of Palestine">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="President of the State of Palestine">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Council" title="Palestinian National Council">Palestinian National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council" title="Palestinian Legislative Council">Palestinian Legislative Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_law" title="Palestinian law">Judicial system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hamas_government_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Hamas government in the Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip (Hamas-controlled)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh" title="Ismail Haniyeh">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aziz_Dweik" title="Aziz Dweik">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Propagation_of_Virtue_and_the_Prevention_of_Vice_(Gaza_Strip)" title="Committee for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice (Gaza Strip)">Committee for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Security</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Security_Forces" title="Palestinian National Security Forces">Palestinian National Security Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Preventive_Security" title="Palestinian Preventive Security">Palestinian Preventive Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_security_assistance_to_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="United States security assistance to the Palestinian National Authority">United States security assistance to the Palestinian National Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Foreign relations of the State of Palestine">Foreign affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_and_the_United_Nations" title="Palestine and the United Nations">Palestine and the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Expatriates_(State_of_Palestine)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates (State of Palestine)">Foreign Affairs Minister of the Palestinian National Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of diplomatic missions of the State of Palestine">Diplomatic missions of Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Palestine" title="List of diplomatic missions in Palestine">Diplomatic missions in Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_aid_to_Palestinians" title="International aid to Palestinians">International aid to Palestinians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Economy of the State of Palestine">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Companies of the State of Palestine">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Palestine">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Communications in the State of Palestine">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Exchange" title="Palestine Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Taxation in the State of Palestine">Taxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Tourism in the State of Palestine">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Transport in the State of Palestine">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Water supply and sanitation in the State of Palestine">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Monetary_Authority" title="Palestine Monetary Authority">Palestine Monetary Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Society of the State of Palestine">Society</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Palestine" title="Culture of Palestine">culture</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Christians" title="Palestinian Christians">Palestinian Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_diaspora" title="Palestinian diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee_camps" title="Palestinian refugee camps">Refugee camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_citizens_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian citizens of Israel">Palestinian citizens of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_archaeology#Archaeology_in_the_West_Bank" title="Levantine archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Palestine" title="Architecture of Palestine">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_art" title="Palestinian art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Watermelon_as_a_Palestinian_symbol" title="Watermelon as a Palestinian symbol">watermelon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Palestine" title="Cinema of Palestine">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_traditional_costumes" title="Palestinian traditional costumes">Costume and embroidery</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_keffiyeh" title="Palestinian keffiyeh">keffiyeh</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_cuisine" title="Palestinian cuisine">Cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Palestinian_wine" title="Palestinian wine">wine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabke" title="Dabke">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of the Palestinian territories">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Education in the State of Palestine">Education</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of universities and colleges in the State of Palestine">universities and colleges</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Palestine" title="Flag of Palestine">Flag of Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_handicrafts" title="Palestinian handicrafts">Handicrafts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Health in the State of Palestine">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Healthcare in the State of Palestine">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_in_Palestine" title="Mental health in Palestine">Mental healthcare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Human rights in the State of Palestine">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="LGBT rights in the State of Palestine">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Arabic" title="Palestinian Arabic">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_literature" title="Palestinian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Palestine" title="Music of Palestine">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinians" title="List of Palestinians">Personalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Palestinian National Authority">Postage stamps and history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Prostitution in the State of Palestine">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Palestine" title="Public holidays in Palestine">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Racism in the State of Palestine">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Religion in the State of Palestine">Religion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Category:Religious_buildings_and_structures_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Religious buildings and structures in the State of Palestine">Religious buildings</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_sport_in_Palestine" title="History of sport in Palestine">Sport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Football in the State of Palestine">Football</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_the_State_of_Palestine_by_city" title="Category:Mass media in the State of Palestine by city">By city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_about_Palestinians" title="Category:Books about Palestinians">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Palestinian_journalists" title="Category:Palestinian journalists">Journalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Newspapers_published_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Newspapers published in the State of Palestine">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Photography_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Photography in the State of Palestine">Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Radio_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Radio in the State of Palestine">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Television in the State of Palestine">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27an_News_Agency" title="Ma'an News Agency">Ma'an News Agency</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Palestine_Telegraph" title="The Palestine Telegraph">The Palestine Telegraph</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Israel_Journal" title="Palestine–Israel Journal">Palestine–Israel Journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation">Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Media_Watch" title="Palestinian Media Watch">Palestinian Media Watch</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wafa" title="Wafa">Wafa</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_diaspora" title="Palestinian diaspora">Diaspora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Australians" title="Palestinian Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Brazilian" title="Palestinian Brazilian">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Canadians" title="Palestinian Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Chile" title="Palestinians in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Egypt" title="Palestinians in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Salvadorans" title="Palestinian Salvadorans">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Haitians" title="Palestinian Haitians">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Iraq" title="Palestinians in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Jordan" title="Palestinians in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Gulf_War" title="Aftermath of the Gulf War">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Lebanon" title="Palestinians in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Mexicans" title="Palestinian Mexicans">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Nicaraguan" title="Palestinian Nicaraguan">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Pakistan" title="Palestinians in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Syria" title="Palestinians in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Palestinians" title="British Palestinians">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Americans" title="Palestinian Americans">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Palestinians_in_Los_Angeles" title="History of Palestinians in Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Uruguayans" title="Palestinian Uruguayans">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Palestine" title="Islam in Palestine">Muslim Arabs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Palestinians" title="Afro-Palestinians">Afro-Palestinians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Christians" title="Palestinian Christians">Christian Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Palestinian Baháʼís">Baháʼís</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Druze in Mandatory Palestine">Druzers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Metawalis" title="Palestinian Metawalis">Metawalis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Jews" title="Palestinian Jews">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Palestine" title="Kurds in Palestine">Kurds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawar_people" title="Nawar people">Gypsies (Dom/Nawar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushnak" title="Bushnak">Bushnaq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Outline of the State of Palestine">Outline</a><br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:State_of_Palestine" title="Category:State of Palestine">Category</a></b> <b>·</b> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Palestine" title="Portal:Palestine">Portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" 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